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Download Download INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Volume XLIV DECEMBER,1948 Number 4 Colonel John Francis Hamtramck F. Clever Bald" John Francis Hamtramck is a forgotten hero of Ameri- can history. He is not among the elect in the Dictionary of American Biography, although his name is mentioned there in the sketch of his son, a much less distinguished person, and Stewart H. Holbrook did not bring him out of oblivion to associate with the men whom he spotlighted in the pages of his book, Lost Men of American History. There are many reasons why Hamtramck deserves to be remembered. Leaving his homeland while still a youth, he joined the army of General Richard Montgomery in the fall of 1775, and served through the Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of brevet major. Afterwards, under General Josiah Harmar in the Old Northwest, he built and com- manded several forts. As lieutentant colonel commanding the First Sub-legion, he won General Anthony Wayne's com- mendation for his valor in the Battle of Fallen Timbers; became the first American commandant of Detroit ; and after having attained the rank of colonel, organized the ex- peditionary force that built Fort Dearborn, the nucleus of the metropolis of Illinois. For all these services he should receive some recognition, at least in the valley of the Missis- sippi. It is true that a city in Michigan bears his name, but he is a stranger there. No memorial to the Colonel can be found in that city, but the oversight will one day be cor- rected; for a recent communication from the mayor's office contained the assurance that when a new city hall is built, it will display some mark of acknowledgment. * Dr. F. Clever Bald is the assistant director of the Michigan His- tori71 Colly&ions, Ann Arbor, Michigan. This pa er was read at the session on The Old Northwest" at the forty-first annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association at Rock Island, Illinois, on April 22, 1948. 336 Indiana Magazine of History In Detroit, which by the way, completely surrounds Hamtramck, it is the general opinion that because the popu- lation of the city that bears his name is predominantly Polish, the Colonel was himself a Pole. John Francis Hamtramck, however, was not a Pole. His father was Charles David Hamtramck, a native of Luxem- bourg who had migrated to Quebec in 1749, and his mother was Marie-Anne Bertin, a Canadian.l Baptized Jean-Fran- cois on August 16, 1756, at Quebec, he was listed in Ameri- can Army records as John F., but for his signature he used only the initials of his given names. Hamtramck had just passed his nineteenth birthday when in September, 1775, he joined General Montgomery’s army marching on Montreal. Serving first as commissary and then commissioned captain, he won the confidence of Colonel James Livingston and other New York officers, who recommended him to the Provincial Congress.2 Given the rank of captain in the New York line, he served in the Fifth Regiment until January 1, 1781, and then in the Second until June, 1783, becoming a brevet major.3 Hamtramck was not unknown to General George Wash- ington. On at least two occasions, the Commander in chief praised him for his initiative and his ability. Replying to a letter in which the Captain had outlined a plan for a sur- prise attack on a British fort, Washington wrote: “It gives me pleasure to see an Officer seeking an opportunity of dis- tinguishing himself and at the same time rendering a service to his Country.”’ 1 Cyprien Tanguay, Dictionnuire Gdnne’alogique des Familles Canad- iennes (7 vols., Montreal, 1871-1890), IV (1871), 458. 2 Journals of the Provincial Congress. of the State of New York, 1775-1776-1777 (2 vols., Albany, New York, 1842), 11, 361. 3 Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register of Officersof the Conti- nental Amyduring the War of the Revolution, April, 1775 to December, 1783 (Washington, 1914), 271. According to Alexander C. Flick (ed.) , The Amerzcan Revolution in New York (Albany, New York, 1926), 136, the Fifth Regiment was incorporated with the Second on January 1, 1781. Evidence in Almon W. Lauber (ed.) , Orderly Books of the Fourth New York Regiment, 1778-1780, The Second New York Regiment, 1780- 1783, by Samuel Tallmadge and Others, with Diaries of Samuel Tall- madge, 1780-1782, and John Barr, 1779-1782 (Albany, New York, 1932), 570, supports the statement that Hamtramck was in the Second Regiment in 1781, although Heitman assigns him to that Regiment only on January 1, 1783, and gives him the rank of captain. In a letter to the President of Congress, December 21, 1783, General Washington refers to him as Major Hamtramck. Joh? C. Fitzpatrick (ed.), The Writings of George Washington from the Orzganal Manuscript Sources, 1765-1799 (39 vols., Washinton, 1938), XXVII, 279. 1 Fitzpatrick, The Writings of George Washington, XXIII, 462. Colonel John Francis Hamtramck 337 Two years later, after the war was over, he addressed Governor George Clinton in behalf of Major Hamtramck. “My knowledge of that Officer,” he wrote, “is such as makes the task of recommending him to the notice of the Government of this State, extremely pleasing, being assured that if it shall be in their power to favor his views his con- duct will always justify any appointment that may be given him.’15 Perhaps as a result of this letter and another signed by three New Yorlr generals which Washington enclosed with his, Hamtramck was commissioned captain of a com- pany raised in New York to serve in the United States In- fantry Regiment which was under the command of Lieuten- ant Colonel Josiah Harmar. In the spring of 1785, he was at Albany receiving prisoners returned by the Indians,6 and in October he marched his company to Fort Pitt. Ordered to Fort McIntosh on the Little Beaver, he found the works in a state of decay and the barracks uninhabitable. Flocrs, doors, and windows were gone, and Captain John Doughty, the former commandant had left no tools except an old handsaw, “whose teeth,” Hamtramck declared, “has been worn out in the service of its Country.”‘ Captain Ham- tramck remained in the fort as commandant until July 1, 1786. At this time he was nearly thirty years old. One-third of his life had been spent as an army officer, and it is likely that his character was pretty definitely formed. Although no portrait of Hamtramck has ever been discovered, and no biography has been written, it is possible from bits of de- scription and from contemporary correspondence to draw a fairly clear sketch of the man. Hamtramck did not make an impressive appearance either mounted or on foot. Small in stature, only five feet five inches tall, he is said by one who knew him well to have looked in the saddle like a frog on horseback. The same wit- ness declared, however, that “He had the faculty of inspiring the men with self-confidence, and, notwithstanding he was a most rigid disciplinarian, the troops all loved him, for he was kindhearted, generous, and brave.”8 KIbid., XXVII, 255. 6 Hamtramck to Nicholas Fish, June 14, 1785, Stuyvesant Fish, 1610-1 914 (New York, 1942), 60. 7 Same to same, December 4, 1785, ibid., 64. 8 Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field-Book of the Ww of 1811 (New York, 1869), 46n. 338 Indiana Magazine of History Although English was not his native tongue, Hamtramck was able to express himself in that language clearly, if somewhat quaintly. Judging by his correspondence, one might say that he had a peppery disposition, he was quick to discover and denounce delinquencies of subordinates, and he drove himself as hard as he drove his men. He was an able officer in whom his superiors, from Washington to Wayne, seem usually to have had complete confidence. Early in July, 1786, Colonel Harmar put Hamtramck in command of the companies of Captain John Mercer and Captain William McCurdy, as well as his own, and sent him down the Ohio River to Mingo Bottom to drive squatters from the public d~main.~In obedience to his orders, detach- ments marched to the clearings where they burned the cabins and destroyed the growing corn of illegal settlers.lo This work was soon interrupted by an order from Colonel Harmar directing Captain Hamtramck to move at once to the intersection of the western boundary of Penn- sylvania with the Ohio River where he would find Captain Thomas Hutchins, Geographer to the United States, with his corps of surveyors.” A military escort was essential if they were to perform their task, for the Indians, understand- ing that surveying was the prelude to settlement, resented the intrusion of these men; and their determination was strengthened by the advice of Captain Alexander McKee, British Indian agent at Detroit, who continued to urge re- sistance to American expansion north of the Ohio River.l* Captain Hamtramck joined Hutchins on August 5 with his three companies, to which Colonel Harmar soon added that of Captain Jonathan Heart, when the Geographer asked for more soldiers. During the late summer and early fall of 1786, Hamtramck kept detachments out in the woods with the surveyors and moved his camp from time to time so that he was always in a position to send reinforcements to any party that might be attacked. 9Harmar to Secretary of War Henry Knox, July 13, 1786, Josiah Harmar’s Letter Book A, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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