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Engineering and Process Infrastructure of the Agro-Industrial Complex

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Engineering and Process Infrastructure of the Agro-Industrial Complex ISSN 2347 - 3983 Marat Ongayev et al., International Journal ofVolume Emerging 7, Trends No. 12 in December Engineering 2019Research, 7(12), December 2019, 879 - 885 International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter257122019.pdf https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2019/257122019 Engineering and Process Infrastructure of the Agro-Industrial Complex Marat Ongayev1, Zamzagul Sultanova2, Serik Denizbayev3, Gali Ozhanov4, Saule Abisheva5 1 Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan 2 Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan 3 Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan 4 Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan 5 Zhangir Khan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan make a great emphasis on using groundwater to increase the ABSTRACT moisture content of grazing land [9, 10]. Remote sensing methods are an increasingly popular solution for studying Animal husbandry is a high-priority industry for national food grazing land productivity and how it correlates with water security, as it covers the market needs for dairy and meat availability [11-13]. products. Its further advancement requires highly productive Livestock productivity and animal husbandry prospects grazing land rich in water and armed with state-of-the-art depend on pasture watering and livestock access to water engineering infrastructure. In the West Kazakhstan region, [14-15]. grazing land is mainly watered from dug and driven wells, dugout ponds, canals, water pipes, lakes, and rivers. 2. METHODS This paper analyzes the potential and utilization of grazing land in different landscapes of the West Kazakhstan region. The research team studied the water sources used in The researchers have monitored the pasture water sources, the free-range animal husbandry in dry steppes and semi-arid hydrology of surface water sources, the utilization rate of zones in the West Kazakhstan region. underground water sources within the dry steppes and semi-arid areas of the West Kazakhstan region; the Statistical data were processed and grouped by grazing lands. monitoring results are presented herein. The paper also dwells Grazing land data were processed in Excel 2010. The system upon the hydrochemical lab tests of water sampled from the analysis method and system approach were employed for sources the free-range locations are watered from. greater data reliability. Key words: West Kazakhstan, Animal Husbandry, Pasture, Grazing Land, Watering, Open Water Sources, Groundwater, Remote sensing data (space imagery) were processed to Dug Wells, Driven Wells, Hydrochemistry. analyze the area and density of water sources. 1. INTRODUCTION In the dry steppes, grazing land stretches 580 km west-to-east, covering over three million ha. The researchers analyzed the As the Republic of Kazakhstan is facing an ever greater threat free-range locations distributed evenly across the dry steppes to its food security, it needs to advance domestic food-making of the West Kazakhstan region, covering 20 rural districts, 7 to be less dependent on food imports. Animal husbandry is administrative districts. crucial to food security. As such, it is a priority for the agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region, as its In the semi-arid zone, grazing land stretches 600 km livestock products account for more than 60% of the GRP. west-to-east, covering over 5.5 million ha. The researchers The Concept of the Regional Program for Agro-Industrial analyzed the free-range locations distributed evenly across the Complex Development in the West Kazakhstan Region sets semi-arid zone of the West Kazakhstan region, covering 18 forth that in monetary terms, animal husbandry must rise by rural districts, 5 administrative districts. 40% to 149.8 billion tenge. This is only attainable by the rational use of land to provide grazing for farmers. In this All in all, the research effort covered 133 monitoring points, regard, it is of paramount importance to create highly sampling water from 112 of them. Water sources were productive grazing land for the livestock to have high-quality monitored in terms of their actual condition at specific fodder at low cost [1-5]. The world’s best practices focus on locations; samples were subject to further quantitative and using irrigated grazing land [6-8]. International scientists qualitative analysis. 879 Marat Ongayev et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 7(12), December 2019, 879 - 885 Water sampling was done according to appropriate GOSTs. Chemical analysis was outsourced to accredited labs, including Zhaiykgidrogeologiya, LLP as well as the Research Department of Zhangir Khan University. Lab-tested indicators were pH, turbidity, chloride content, ammonium nitrogen content, nitrite and nitrate content, total hardness, calcium and magnesium, dry residue, etc. 3. RESULTS What drives the rapid advancement of animal husbandry in the West Kazakhstan region is the availability of vast and highly productive grazing land. The region contains 12 administrative districts. The pasture area totals 10,144.1 thousand ha, or 73.3% of the region. Largest grazing land is found in the Akzhaik District (2,048,093.0 ha), Zhanakala District (1,768,817.0 ha), Kaztal District (1,534,547.0 ha), and Bokey Orda District (1,376,488.0 ha). b) Figure 1: Grazing land in the dry steppes and in the semi-arid While the sheer size of grazing land is important, the location zone: distribution by area, ha and % of the total grazing land of a farm is also a key factor of performance in animal husbandry. That is why grouping pastures in terms of their To analyze the availability of water to the livestock, the team natural zoning is of scientific interest. The authors hereof monitored the free-range locations in the dry steppes and in grouped grazing land by dividing it into dry-steppe and the semi-arid zone of the West Kazakhstan region. Figure 2 semi-arid populations, each further subdivided into size-based shows the water sampling points and specifies the source subpopulations. The grouping interval was 500 ha. See Figure types. 1 for results. a) Legend Water sampled from: Rivers and canals Wells and driven wells Dugouts Dried rivers and canals Depleted wells, dried canals Figure 2: Schematic map of water sampling points When dealing with pasture irrigation, it is important that water meets the sanitary and epidemiological standards. Table 1 presents the results of hydrochemical lab tests of water sampled from surface sources in the fall of 2018. 880 Marat Ongayev et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 7(12), December 2019, 879 - 885 Table 1: Hydrochemical tests of the West Kazakhstan Dug 7.07 7.5 404 region’s rivers Taskala well Sampling pH Total Mineralization, District Driven - 6.5 1,161 point hardness, mg/l well mg equiv./l Dug 6.64 to 4.3 to 343 to 11,857 Ural River, 7.99 to 8.03 4.75 to 5.50 364 to 609 Akzhaik wells 7.84 150.0 village of District Driven 6.87 to 5.5 to 609 to 8,016 Chapayevo wells 7.74 100.0 Ural River, 7.47 to 8.06 4.65 to 5.5 466 to 841 Syrym Dug 7.12 14.5 2,075 village of District well Taipak Dug 3.8 to 7.09 347 to 1,129 Ural River, 7.71 to 7.91 4.55 to 13.5 566 to 595 Karatobe wells 13.5 village of District Driven 7.16 to 2.4 to 200 to 1,220 Zharsuat wells 7.37 11.0 Ural River, 8.07 to 8.53 5.6 to 55.0 497 to 1,100 Dug 7.18 to 5.1 to 461 to 2,392 village of Shyngyrlau wells 1.29 16.5 Yanvartsevo District Driven 7.3 4.1 354 Ural River, 8.01 to 8.20 5.2 to 5.5 372 to 531 well village of Semi-arid zone Koshim Zhanakala Dug 6.79 to 5.6 to 339 to 5,165 Bolshoy 7.45 to 7.79 12.5 to 13.0 1,041 to 1,480 District wells 7.27 40.0 Uzen River Dug 6.73 to 3.6 to Bokey 259 to 3,689 Maly Uzen -* 6.8 to 11.8 876 to 1,705 wells 7.52 34.4 Orda River Driven 7.18 to 4.6 to District 595 to 6,215 Chizha-1 7.26 10.4 1,074 wells 7.93 29.0 River Dug 9.5 to 7.21 740 to 972 Chizha-2 - 11.3 1,921 Zhanybek wells 13.6 River District Driven 7.34 13.5 2,686 Shiderti 7.02 10.0 1,144 well River Akzhaik Dug 7.01 to 5.5 to 287 to 4,337 Olenty 7.55 75.0 6,683 District wells 7.85 60.0 River Karatobe Driven 7.36 2.4 662 Ashchyuzek 7.43 to 8.58 150.0 to 16,670 - District well River 210.0 25,146 Ashchy 7.81 to 7.85 19.0 to 70.0 2,296 to 3,693 4. DISCUSSION River 4.1 Grazing Land Zoning Ashchysai 7.6 80.0 6,362 River In the West Kazakhstan region, grazing land is localized in Utva River 7.1 6.2 420 four types of landscape: steppes, dry steppes, semi-arid zone, Bagyrlai 7.13 5.3 655 and desert, see Figure 3. River Most of the grazing land is concentrated in the semi-arid zone and in the dry steppes (73% and 23.65% of total grazing land, Table 2 presents the results of hydrochemical lab tests of respectively). Steppes and deserts account only for 2.66% and water sampled from underground sources in the fall of 2018.
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