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Updated National Environmental Action Plan (Uneap)

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Updated National Environmental Action Plan (Uneap) UPDATED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN (UNEAP) Tirane 2002 National Environmental Action Plan Updated National Environmental Action Plan 2001 Contents Page Foreword........................................................................................................................................4 Working Group ..............................................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................1 Country Profile...............................................................................................................................1 Economic development..................................................................................................................1 Environment in Albania.................................................................................................................2 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION................................................................................................11 1.1 The situation in the physical environment.........................................................................11 1.1.1 Air quality............................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2 Water Resources..................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.3 Management of waste and chemicals .................................................................................... 14 1.1.4 Land management .................................................................................................................. 15 1.2 The situation in the built environment...............................................................................17 1.2.1 Population migration.............................................................................................................. 17 1.2.2 Environmental health ............................................................................................................. 18 1.2.3 Urban Environment................................................................................................................ 20 1.3 The situation in natural areas.............................................................................................21 1.3.1 Forests..................................................................................................................................... 21 1.3.2 Protected Areas ...................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 Bio-diversity........................................................................................................................... 23 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT..................................................................................25 2.1 Legal, regulatory and institutional framework ..................................................................26 2.1.1 Application of Legal Acts and By-laws................................................................................. 31 2.1.2 Scientific research and environmental education.................................................................. 31 2.2 Environmental monitoring.................................................................................................32 2.3 Environmental protection funding.....................................................................................33 2.4 Economic tools for the environment..................................................................................34 2.5 Privatization and environmental responsibilities...............................................................35 2.6 International co-operation..................................................................................................36 2.7 Public awareness and participation....................................................................................37 3. NEAP UPDATE – OVERVIEW...............................................................................................40 31 The Need for an updated NEAP ........................................................................................40 3.2 Methodology for NEAP update.........................................................................................40 3.3 Objectives of UNEAP .......................................................................................................41 3.4 Identification of Priority Actions.......................................................................................41 3.5 Discussion on the costs and benefits .................................................................................42 4. ACTION PLAN COMPONENTS ............................................................................................44 4.1 Integrated environmental management and main elements of the Action Plan.................44 4.2 Policies and Programme Development..............................................................................45 Actions and projects ..........................................................................................................45 4.3 Improvement and completion of the legal framework.......................................................59 4.4 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building............................................................60 4.5 Directions of priority investments .....................................................................................61 4.6 Public Information and Awareness....................................................................................63 4.7 Environment and poverty reduction ..................................................................................64 5. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTION PLAN...........................................65 National Environmental Action Plan 5. 1 Public awareness and participation of concerned parties ..................................................65 5.2 Institutional organization...................................................................................................65 5.3 Financing ...........................................................................................................................66 5.4 Risks and mitigation measures ..........................................................................................67 5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation................................................................................................68 National Environmental Action Plan Foreword The National Environmental Action Plan is the basic document that presents the government’s policy in the area of environmental protection. The ultimate goal of its development, approval and implementation is to meet the constitutional obligation towards the citizens who have the right to a healthy ecological environment. It is aimed at a rational use of natural resources, as well as the prevention and control of cross-border pollution and damage to the global environment. The updated National Environmental Action Plan is not a repeat of the National Environmental Action Plan which was approved by the Government of Albania in 1994. It starts from the achievements in Albania, the shortcomings and present national environmental problems, the regional and global tendency in environmental policies and the respective action plans, the consideration of the environmental protection as a national priority and the increase of awareness of the decision-makers, the public and the community. Based on these considerations this plan establishes a series of important tasks and responsibilities for many actors, whose successful fulfilment and implementation is expected to improve the environmental situation at a low cost. Some of the main requirements for this Plan to achieve the abovementioned objective are: - design of environmental sectoral policies and the implementation of the respective action plans, - strengthening of the national system of environmental management with all its components, - preservation, development and sustainable utilization of natural resources, - increase in the utilization of renewable resources as opposed to non-renewable resources, - completion of the legal regulatory framework, whilst ensuring its approximation with the European Acquis Communautaire, and its enforcement, - increase of the gradual transfer of the natural resource management process to the community, - strengthening of the role of the public and civil society, - sustainable rehabilitation of the hot spots and sensitive environmental areas, - promotion and education of prevention practices as opposed to corrective practices, - establishing the need for an environmental impact assessment for defined activities, - strategic environmental assessment of plans, Programmes and policies, - meeting the obligations resulting from the signature of international agreements and the active participation in regional and global environmental Programmes, - active involvement of local government in the area of the environment and the development of their legal responsibilities, - active participation in pan-European and global environmental processes, - establishment of inter-ministerial communication structures in the field of environmental protection, - strengthening of the inspectorates that promote environmental
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