FAMILY Nemacheilidae Regan, 1911 - stone loaches [=Nemachilinae, Adiposiidae, Lefuini, Yunnanilini, Triplophysini] Notes: Nemachilinae Regan, 1911e:31 [ref. 3642] (subfamily) Nemacheilus [as Nemachilus, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; changed to Noemacheilinae by Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964:160 [ref. 217] based on Noemacheilus; corrected to Nemacheilinae by Roberts 1989:94 [ref. 6439], confirmed by Nelson 2006:147 [ref. 32486] and by Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367]] Adiposiidae Jordan, 1923a:145 [ref. 2421] (family) Adiposia Lefuini Prokofiev, 2010:890 [ref. 31096] (tribe) Lefua Yunnanilini Prokofiev, 2010:890 [ref. 31096] (tribe) Yunnanilus Triplophysini Prokofiev, 2010:892 [ref. 31096] (tribe) Triplophysa

GENUS Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913 - hillstream loaches [=Aborichthys Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1913:244] Notes: [ref. 819]. Masc. Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 but a valid subgenus Aborichthys -- (Menon 1987:183 [ref. 14149]). •Valid as Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913 -- (Jayaram 1981:145 [ref. 6497], Zhu 1989:59 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:18 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:454 [ref. 23187], Sen 2009:13 [ref. 30554], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kosygin 2012:49 [ref. 32937], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989], Arunachalam et al. 2014:33 [ref. 33198]) Current status: Valid as Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913. Nemacheilidae.

Species Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland, 1842) - Bolan hillstream loach (author) [=Cobitis boutanensis McClelland [J.], 1842:586, Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1913:245, Pl. 7 (figs. 1, 1a-b)] Notes: [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 2 (no. 8); ref. 2926] Bolan Pass, Afganistan [now Bhutan]. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland, 1842). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bhutan. Habitat: freshwater. (kempi) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 8 (pt 3); ref. 819] Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, Dihang River near Yembung, and Sirpo River near Renging, Abor Hills, India. Current status: Synonym of Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland, 1842). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northeastern India, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys cataracta Arunachalam et al., 2014 - Arunachal hillstream loach (author) [=Aborichthys cataracta Arunachalam [M.], Raja [M.], Malaiammal [M.] & Mayden [R. L.], 2014:34, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Species v. 7 (no. 18); ref. 33198] Arunachal Pradesh, stream joining with Ranga River, Hong Village, Upper Subanshri District, 27°32'766"N, 93°51'57E, India. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys cataracta Arunachalam, Raja, Malaiammal & Mayden, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Stream joining Ranga River, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys elongatus Hora, 1921 - Reang hillstream loach (author) [=Aborichthys elongatus Hora [S. L.], 1921:735, Fig.] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 5, no. 33); ref. 2203] Reang River, Darjiling [Darjeeling] District, India, Himalayas, elevation 2000 feet. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys elongatus Hora, 1921. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys garoensis Hora, 1925 - Tura hillstream loach (author) [=Aborichthys garoensis Hora [S. L.], 1925:233, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 27; ref. 15546] Tura, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys garoensis Hora, 1925. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys tikaderi Barman, 1985 - Namdapha hillstream loach (author) [=Aborichthys tikaderi Barman [R. P.], 1985:680, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 81 (pt 3); ref. 8183] Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys tikaderi Barman, 1985. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys verticauda Arunchalam et al., 2014 - Ranga hillstream loach (author) [=Aborichthys verticauda Arunachalam [M.], Raja [M.], Malaiammal [P.] & Mayden [R. L.], 2014:37, Figs. 4-5] Notes: [Species v. 7 (no. 18); ref. 33198] Arunachal Pradesh, tributary of Ranga River, 7 km away from Hola camp, Lower Subanshri District, 27°18'50.7"N, 93°57'51.2"E, India. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys verticauda Arunachalam, Raja, Malaiammal & Mayden, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tributary to Ranga River, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aborichthys waikhomi Kosygin, 2012 - Bulbulia stone loach (author) [=Aborichthys waikhomi Kosygin [L.], 2012:49, Figs. 3-4, 5f] Notes: [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 112 (no. 1); ref. 32937] Arunachal Pradish, Bulbulia stream near Bulbulia a tributary of Noa-Dihing river, Nandapha, 27°31'56.4"N, 96°27"32.2"E, India. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys waikhomi Kosygin, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Arunachal, India. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861 - loaches [=Acanthocobitis Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1861:712] Notes: [ref. 3451]. Fem. Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Acanthocobitis -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:332 [ref. 6554], Jayaram 1981:158 [ref. 6497], Menon 1987:140 [ref. 14149]). •Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1839 – (Zhu 1989:38 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861 -- (Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Kottelat 1990:18 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:432 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:199 [ref. 25886], Ataur Rahman 2003:164 [ref. 31338], Grant 2007:1 [ref. 29366], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:45 [ref. 31992], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861. Nemacheilidae.

Species Acanthocobitis pavonacea (McClelland, 1839) - pavonacea loach (author) [=Cobitis pavonacea McClelland [J.], 1839:305, 437, Pl. 52 (fig. 1), Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1861:712] Notes: [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Acanthocobitis pavonacea (McClelland, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (longipinnis) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1861; ref. 3451] Ganges River, India. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocobitis pavonacea (McClelland, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, in Prokofiev, 2009 - stone loaches [=Afronemacheilus Golubtsov [A. S.] & Prokofiev [A. M.], in Prokofiev, 2009:881] Notes: [ref. 30604]. Masc. Nemacheilus abyssinicus Boulenger, 1891. Type by original designation (also monotypic; second unnamed species included). •Valid as Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, 2009 -- (Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:76 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, 2009. Nemacheilidae.

Species Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger, 1902) - Bahardar stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus abyssinicus Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:437] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 10 (no. 60) (art. 59); ref. 14852] Bahardar, Lake Tsana, Ethiopia. Current status: Valid as Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger, 1902). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Ethiopia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev & Golubtsov, 2013 - kaffa stone loach (author) [=Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev [A. M.] & Golubtsov [A. S.], 2013] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32805] Current status: Valid as Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev & Golubtsov, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Oma-Turkana basin, Etheopia, Africa. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Barbatula Linck, 1790 - stone loaches [=Barbatula Linck [H. F.], 1790:38, Cobites Swainson [W.], 1839:130, 1310, Orthrias Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:769] Notes: [ref. 4985]. Fem. Cobitis barbatula Linnaeus, 1758. Type by absolute tautonymy. See Kottelat 1990:18 [ref. 14137] for remarks on type and availability. Linck 1790:38 [ref. 4985] described the new genus Barbatula mentioning 'Hierher gehören Cobitis Barbatula Taenia', meaning that two species were included, Cobitis barbatula and Cobitis taenia; barbatula is the type due to absolute tautonymy (ICZN Art. 68.4). See also Nalbant & Bianco 1998:110 [ref. 23810] but their interpretation is inaccurate. •In the synonymy of Orthrias Jordan & Fowler, 1903 -- (Prokofiev 2007:12 [ref. 30343], Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Barbatula Linck, 1790 -- (Zhu 1989:26 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:18 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:136 [ref. 21205], Vasil'eva 1998:94 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:111 [ref. 28183], Economidis 2005:67 [ref. 28213], Erk'akan et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29026], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:328 [ref. 29996], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula Linck, 1790. Nemacheilidae. (Cobites) [ref. 4303]. Masc. Cobites barbatula Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotype. •Synonym of Barbatula Linck, 1790 – (Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Barbatula Linck, 1790. Nemacheilidae. (Orthrias) [ref. 2461]. Masc. Orthrias oreas Jordan & Fowler, 1903. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Species referred to this genus are now usually placed in Barbatula, contrary to Prokofiev 2010 and following Freyhof et al. 2012. •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:378 [ref. 13651]). •Synonym of Barbatula Linck, 1790 – (Zhu 1989:26 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:136 [ref. 21205], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Orthrias Jordan & Fowler 1903 -- (Bănărescu et al. 1978 [ref. 9016], Bănărescu et al. 1982:3 [ref. 174], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:448 [ref. 23187], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:110 [ref. 23810], Prokofiev 2003:725 [ref. 27494], Prokofiev 2007:12 [ref. 30343], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096]). Current status: Synonym of Barbatula Link, 1790. Nemacheilidae. Species Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992 - Kelang stone loach (author) [=Barbatula altayensis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1992:241 [246], Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] Kelang He River, trib of the Ertix River, near Altay City, 47°52'N, 88°06'E, Xinjiang, China. Current status: Valid as Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) - stone loach [=Cobitis barbatula Linnaeus [C.], 1758:303, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma anglicana Bǎcescu-Meşter [L.], 1967:369, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma blackiana Bǎcescu-Meşter [L.], 1967:369, Nemachilus barbatulus var. caucasicus Berg [L. S.], 1898:67 [26], Nemacheilus barbatulus aberr. erythrinna Berg [L. S.], 1933:550, Cobitis fuerstenbergii Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.], in Heckel & Kner, 1858:301, Cobitis furstenbergii Bonaparte [C. L.], 1846:26, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma hispanica Bǎcescu-Meşter [L.], 1967:369, Nemacheilus barbatulus hispanica Lelek [A.], 1987:256, Cobitis barbatulus var. parisiensis de la Pylaie [A. J. M.], 1835:534, Nemachilus barbatula var. taurica Kessler [K. T.] 1877:171, Cobitis barbatula var. pictava de la Pylaie [A. J. M.], 1835:534, Cobitis pironae Nardo [G. D.], 1866:143, Nemachilus barbatula vardarensis Karaman [S.], 1928:164, Cobitis variabilis Günther [A.], 1868:355] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Fresh waters of Europe and Asia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (anglicana) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Not available, infrasubspecific (a form after 1960); from Cambridge River, England. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae (blackiana) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (caucasicus) [Izvestija Kavkazskago Muzeja = Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums = Bulletin du Musée du Caucase v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20653] Argun River, Terek River basin, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (erythrinna) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 2; ref. 279] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (fuerstenbergii) [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (furstenbergii) [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (hispanica) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (hispanica) [The freshwater fishes of Europe. Threatened fishes of Europe v. 9; ref. 22962] Nervion River at Durango and Tajo River, Spain. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (parisiensis) [Congrès Scientifique de France v. 2 (Sept. 1834) (art. 5); ref. 1086] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (pictava) [Congrès Scientifique de France v. 2 (Sept. 1834) (art. 5); ref. 1086] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (pironae) [Atti del regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Littere ed Arti (Ser. 3) v. 11; ref. 23026] [Basso Friuli] Lower Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. (taurica) [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Selgir River, Crimea, Ukrain. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (vardarensis) [Glasnik Skopskog Naucnog Drustva [Bulletin de la Société scientific de Skoplje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Vardar River basin, former Yugoslavian republic of Macedonia. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Subspecies ocurs in the river Axios. Habitat: freshwater. (variabilis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758). Nemacheilidae.

Species Barbatula conilobus Prokofiev, 2016 - Bogd loach (author) [=Barbatula conilobus Prokofiev [A. M.], 2016:657, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4, 5a] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 6); ref. 35025] Bogd River, a tributary of the Zavkhan River near Uliastai village, Mongolia, 47°43'59.2"N, 96°49'08.9"E, elevation 1749 meters. Current status: Valid as Barbatula conilobus Prokofiev, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev, 2003) - Zag stone loach (author) [=Orthrias dgebuadzei Prokofiev [A. M.], 2003:730, Fig. 2] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 43 (no. 6); ref. 27494] Zag River basin of Baidrag-River, central Mongolia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev, 2003). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Gobi Lakes Valley, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula dsapchynensis Prokofiev, 2016 - Uliastai stone loach (author) [=Barbatula dsapchynensis Prokofiev [A. M.], 2016:661, Figs. 2b, 3b, 5b, 6] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 6); ref. 35025] Bogd River, tributary of Zavkhan River near Uliastai village, Mongolia, 47°43'59.2"N, 96°49'08.9"E, elevation 1749 meters. Current status: Valid as Barbatula dsapchynensis Prokofiev, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula gibba Cao et al., 2012 - Dali-Nur stone loach (author) [=Barbatula gibba Cao [L.], Causse [R.] & Zhang [E], 2012:244, Figs. 1C] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32335] Dali-Nur Lake in Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula gibba Cao, Causse & Zhang, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Inner Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula golubtsovi (Prokofiev, 2003) - Chedi-Tei stone loach (author) [=Orthrias golubtsovi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2003:727 or 698, Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 43 (no. 6); ref. 27494] Chedi-Tei River, about 60 km wes of Magur-Aksk, Kobdo River drainage, Tuva Republic, Mongolia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula golubtsovi (Prokofiev, 2003). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kobdo River, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula markakulensis (Men'shikov, 1939) - Marka-kul stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus barbatulus markakulensis Men'shikov [M. I.], 1939:141, Fig.] Notes: [Ucenye zapiski / Permskij Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Gosudarstvennyj Universitet Imeni A. M. Gor'kogo, Ministerstvo Vyssego i Srednego Special'nogo Obrazovanija RSFSR. v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 21170] Lake Marka-kul', Irtysh basin, Kazakhstan. Current status: Valid as Barbatula markakulensis (Men'shikov, 1939). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Markakul Lake, Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula nuda (Bleeker, 1864) - nuda stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus nudus Bleeker [P.], 1864:12 Barbatula stoliczkai shansi Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6, Notes: [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 17027] Mongolia ["but brought from China]. Apparently Hebei, Chongli county, Siwantse [Xiwanzi], 40°58'25"N, 115°16'22"E, China. Current status: Valid as Barbatula nuda (Bleeker, 1864). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mongolia [if valid], Asia [if combined with toni]. Habitat: freshwater. (shansi) [American Museum Novitates No. 171; ref. 3178] Mai-tai-chao, Shansi (42 miles east of Paotow [Pao-t'ou] Nei Mongolia), northern China. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula nuda (Bleeker, 1864). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula oreas (Jordan & Fowler, 1903) - Chitose stone loach (author) [=Orthrias oreas Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:769, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1332); ref. 2461] Chitose in Iburi, Hokkaido, Japan. Current status: Valid as Barbatula oreas (Jordan & Fowler, 1903). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Barbatula potaninorum (Prokofiev, 2007) - Fansu stone loach (author) [=Orthrias potaninorum Prokofiev [A. M.], 2007:65, Fig. 18] Notes: [Morphology, systematics and origin of the stone loach genus Orthrias (Teleostei: Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae); ref. 30343] Fansu, Edzin-Gol, 42°25'20"N, 100°40'07'E, China. Current status: Valid as Barbatula potaninorum (Prokofiev, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula quignardi (Bascescu-Mester, 1967) - Le Lez stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus barbatulus quignardi Bǎcescu-Meşter [L.], 1967:359, Figs. 1 (A, B, C), 5 (C, D)] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Le Lez River, near Montpellier, France. Current status: Valid as Barbatula quignardi (Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1967). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: France and Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula restricta Prokofiev, 2015 - Chuya stone loach (author) [=Barbatula restricta Prokofiev [A. M.], 2015:458, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4052 (no. 4); ref. 34065] Saldan-Kol (= Dinnoye) Lake, Builyukem River catchment, Chuya River system, upper Ob drainage, Altai, Russia, 50°13'00"N, 89°15'30"E, elevation 2272 meters. Current status: Valid as Barbatula restricta Prokofiev, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chuya River system, Upper Ob, Altai, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula sawadai (Prokofiev, 2007) - Sawada's stone loach (author) [=Orthrias sawadai Prokofiev [A. M.], 2007:84, Figs. 26-29] Notes: [Morphology, systematics and origin of the stone loach genus Orthrias (Teleostei: Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae); ref. 30343] Uram, Ero basin, Selenga River system, into lake Baikal, Yenisei River basin, Russia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula sawadai (Prokofiev, 2007). Distribution: Habitat:

Species Barbatula sturanyi (Steindachner, 1892) - Ohrid stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus sturanyi Steindachner [F.], 1892:378 [22] [131], Pl. 2 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 59 (1. Abth.); ref. 14517] Lake Ohrid [Ochrida] at Pestani, between Ohrid City and Naum Monastery, Yugoslavia/Albania. Current status: Valid as Barbatula sturanyi (Steindachner, 1892). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Ohrid basin and upper Drin River: Macedonia and Albania. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula tomianus (Ruzsky, 1920) - Tom stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus barbatulus tomianus Ruzsky [M. D.], 1920:36, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Trudy estestvenno-isthrichsk. Otdel., Tomsk No. 1; ref. 21169] Basins of the rivers Tom, Ob and Yenisei, Russia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula tomianus (Ruzsky, 1920). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Russia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) - Onon stone loach (author) [=Cobitis toni Dybowski [B. N.], 1869:957, Pl. 18 (fig. 10), Nemachilus compressirostris Warpachowski [N. A.], 1897:270, Pl. 11 (figs. 1-3), Barbatula toni fowleri Nichols [J. T.], 1925:3, Barbatula toni kirinensis Tchang [T.-L.], 1932:115, Fig. 2, Nemacheilus sibiricus Gratzianov [V. I.], 1907:164, 168, Barbatula barbatula morpha tigris Gundriser [A. N.], 1975] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon and Ingoda rivers, Amur River basin, Russia. Current status: Valid as Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, northern China, Japan and Korea (broad sense). Habitat: freshwater. (compressirostris) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 2; ref. 4515] Lakes in northwestern Mongolia. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Siberia, Russia. Habitat: freshwater. (fowleri) [American Museum Novitates No. 171; ref. 3178] Eastern Tombs, Chihli, Hopeh [Hebei] Province, China. Now: Zunhua, 40°11'N, 117°58'E, China. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (kirinensis) [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 3 (no. 8); ref. 16401] Kirin, Jilin Province, northeastern China. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (sibiricus) [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Biya River near Biysk [Biysk], Altai, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tigris) [Fishes of Tucva, ASSR; ref. 28833] Original not seen; from Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831]. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Barbatula zetensis (Soric, 2000) - Zeta stone loach [=Orthrias barbatulus zetensis Soric [V. M.], 2000:66, Fig.] Notes: [Ichthyologia v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 28770] Near village of Vis, 5-6 kilometers west of town of Danilovgrad from the Vis brook, a tributary of the Zeta River, Montenegro. Current status: Valid as Barbatula zetensis (Soric, 2000). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Drainage area of Lake Skadar, Montenegro. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Claea Kottelat, 2010 - stone loaches [=Claea Kottelat [M.], 2011:384, Oreias Sauvage [H.-E.], 1874:334] Notes: [ref. 31197]. Fem. Oreias dabryi Sauvage, 1874. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Claea Kottelat, 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:80 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Claea Kottelat, 2011. Nemacheilidae. (Oreias) [ref. 3873]. Masc. Oreias dabryi Sauvage, 1874. Type by monotypy. Apparently preoccupied by Oreias Kaup, 1829 in Aves and Oreias Temminck in Temminck & Laugier, 1839 in Aves; replaced by Claea Kottelat, 2011:384 [ref. 31197]. •Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1839 -- (Zhu 1989:38 [ref. 17744]). •Treated (apparently wrongly) as valid as Oreias Sauvage, 1874 -- (Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:147 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:442 [ref. 23187], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:57 [ref. 23556], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Nguyen et al. 2010:45 [ref. 32127]). •Discussion –Prokofiev 2009:892 [ref. 30604]. •Objective synonym of Claea Kottelat, 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:80 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Claea Kottelat, 2011. Nemacheilidae.

Species Claea dabryi (Sauvage, 1874) - Yao-Tchy stone loach (author) [=Oreias dabryi Sauvage [H.-E.], 1874:334, Oreias crassipedunculatus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1976:189, Pls. 1 (4), 2 (7); Figs. 9-12, Oreias furcatus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1976:188, Pls. 1 (2-3), 2 (6, 8); Figs. 5-8] Notes: [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Ser. 3) v. 2 [1874]; ref. 3873] Yao-Tchy, Tibet, China. Current status: Valid as Claea dabryi (Sauvage, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (crassipedunculatus) [Nymphaea v. 4; ref. 7353] Chatung, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (furcatus) [Nymphaea v. 4; ref. 7353] Tsao Po, near Kuan-shien, Szechwan, China. Current status: Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Claea niulanjiangensis (Chen et al., 2006) - Niulan stone loach (author) [=Schistura niulanjiangensis Chen [L.], Lu [Z.-M.] & Mao [W.-N.], 2006:54, Fig.] Notes: [Guizhou Agricultral Sciences v. 34 (no. 5); ref. 29058] Niulan River, 25°59'N, 103°36'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Claea niulanjiangensis (Chen, Lu & Mao, 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Niulan River, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Draconectes Kottelat, 2012 - troglobitic stone loaches [=Draconectes Kottelat [M.], 2012:342] Notes: [ref. 32232]. Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Draconectes Kottelat, 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Draconectes Kottelat, 2012. Nemacheilidae.

Species Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012 - Ha Long cave loach (author) [=Draconectes narinosus Kottelat [M.], 2012:342, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 119 (no. 3); ref. 32232] Ha Long Bay, island Dáo Van Giô, phreatic lake in cave Dông Duc Tiên, 20°50.34"N, 107°16.77'E, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cave on Dáo Van Giô island, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001 - stone loaches [=Dzihunia Prokofiev [A. M.], 2001:209] Notes: [ref. 26612]. Fem. Nemacheilus amudarjensis Rass, 1929. Type by original designation. •Valid as Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001 – (Prokofiev 2003:57 [ref. 28098], Prokofiev 2009:891 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Species Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass, 1929) - Bukhara stone loach [=Nemachilus amudarjensis Rass [T. S.], 1929:253, Figs. 1-2, Nemachilus amudarjensis choresmi Berg [L. S.], 1932:149, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 83 (nos 9/10) (art. 8); ref. 16055] Amu-Darya River at Termez, Uzbekistan; Tschardschui, Turkestan. Current status: Valid as Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkestan. Habitat: freshwater. (choresmi) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 98 (nos 5/6); ref. 16357] Amu-Darya River delta, Uzbekistan. Current status: Synonym of Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dzihunia ilan (Turdakov, 1936) - ilan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus amudarjensis ilan Turdakov [F. A.], 1936:210] Notes: [Trudy Uzbekskogo Universiteta v. 7; ref. 21172] Kara-Darya River, tributary of Zeravshan River, below Samarkand near kishlak Dagbit, Samarkandskaya Obl., Uzbekistan. Current status: Valid as Dzihunia ilan (Turdakov, 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dzihunia turdakovi Prokofiev, 2003 - Ters stone loach (author) [=Dzihunia turdakovi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2003:57, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences]. No. 2; ref. 28098] Ters River, Talas River system, Kirghizia. Current status: Valid as Dzihunia turdakovi Prokofiev, 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Talas River basin, Kirghizia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Eidinemacheilus Segherloo et al., 2016 - blind loaches [=Eidinemacheilus Segherloo [I. H.], Ghaedrahmati [N.] & Freyhof [J.], 2016:471] Notes: [ref. 34639]. Masc. Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood Type by original designation (also monotypic). First author seen as Hashemzadeh Segherloo [ref. 35254]. •Valid as Eidinemacheilus Segherloo, Ghaedrahmati & Freyhof, 2016 -- (Freyhof et al. 2016:227 [ref. 34803], Esmaeili et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35254]). Current status: Valid as Eidinemacheilus Segherloo, Ghaedrahmati & Freyhof, 2016. Nemacheilidae.

Species Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof et al., 2016 - Little Zab River stone loach (author) [=Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof [J.], Abdullah [Y. S.], Ararat [K.], Ibrahim [H.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2016:228, Figs. 2-6, 7A] Notes: [Zootaxa 4173 (no. 3); ref. 34803] Subterranean waters, Little Zab River, Sulaimani province, ephemeral spring in the Tabeen Gorge at the slope of the northernmost Piramagrun mountain, about 800 m east of the village Kanishok, Iraq, 35°50'3.40"N, 45°6'22.14"E. Current status: Valid as Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof, Abdullah, Ararat, Ibrahim & Geiger, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Eidinemacheilus smithi (Greenwood, 1976) - Zagros stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood [P. H.], 1976:130, Figs. 1a-c, 2] Notes: [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 180 (no. 1); ref. 7336] A natural well at Kaaje-Ru, 33°05'N, 48°36'E, near Baq-e-Loveh Oasis, Zagros Mountains, Iran. Current status: Valid as Eidinemacheilus smithi (Greenwood, 1976). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Spring in Zagros Mountains, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Eonemachilus Berg, 1938 - stone loaches [=Eonemachilus Berg [L. S.], 1938:314, 316] Notes: [ref. 281]. Masc. Nemachilus nigromaculatus Regan, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 -- (Kottelat & Chu 1988:66 [ref. 13392], Zhu 1989:14 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21, 238 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:455 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Eonemachilus Berg, 1938 -- (Prokofiev 2004:157 [ref. 27665], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Eonemachilus Berg, 1938. Nemacheilidae.

Species Eonemachilus yangzonghaiensis (Cao & Zhu, Zheng et al., 1989) - Yangzong-hai stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus nigromaculatus yangzonghaiensis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], in Zheng et al., 1989:45 [Engl. p. 410], Fig. 23] Notes: [Fishes of the Zhujiang River; ref. 21202] Yangzong-hai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Eonemachilus yangzonghaiensis Cao & Zhu, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangzonghai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933 - stone loaches [=Hedinichthys (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Rendahl [H.], 1933:26] Notes: [ref. 3704]. Masc. Nemacheilus yarkandensis Day, 1877. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Wu & Wu 1992:149, 256 [ref. 21205]). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933, but a valid subgenus Hedinichthys as described -- (Zhu 1989:68, 129 [ref. 17744], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933 -- (Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Prokofiev 2007:95 [ref. 30343], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae.

Species Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev, 2010 - Lemjin stone loach (author) [=Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev [A. M.], 2010:897, Figs. 26-28, 30, 32-33] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v.,50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Oasis Lemjin, Xingjiang-Uyghurs Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hedinichthys macropterus (Herzenstein, 1888) - Ssa stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus yarkandensis macropterus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:79] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Ssa tschsheu, Mumin Stadt. Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys macropterus (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Khesi basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hedinichthys minuta (Li, in Li et al., 1966) - Kalagu stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus minutus Li [S.-C.], in Li, Tai, Chang, Ma, Ho & Kao, 1966:46 (English p. 55), Fig. 1a] Notes: [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 9042] Kalagu Water Reservoir, Pichong, northern Sinkiang, China. Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys minuta (Li, 1966). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877) - Kashgarian loach [=Nemacheilus yarkandensis Day [F.], 1877:796, Nemachilus yarkandensis brevibarbus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:78, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Nemachilus yarkandensis longibarbus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:78, Pl. 4 (fig. 1), Nemachilus yarkandensis nordkansuensis Li [S.-C.] & Chang [S.-Y.], 1974:416, Nemachilus tarimensis Kessler [K. T.], 1879:300] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876 (pt 4); ref. 14207] Yarkand, Pas Robat, Yankihissar, and Kashgar, all from waters in connection with Yarkand and Yankihissar rivers. Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and China. Habitat: freshwater. (brevibarbus) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Aksu darja, Nija Oasis, Tschertschen darja, Dol and Sampulu. Current status: Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (longibarbus) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Niaji Oasis, Dol and Sampula, upper Tarim River, China. Current status: Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (nordkansuensis) (English p. 419) [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 7515] Shula-gol River, Shuang-Ta-Bu, Ansi-Hsien, northern Kansu, China. Current status: Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tarimensis) [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Lower Tarim River and Lob-Nor [Lop Nur] Lake, Xinjiang, China. Current status: Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987 - stone loaches [=Heminoemacheilus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1987:324, 330] Notes: [ref. 14139]. Masc. Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 1987. Type by original designation. Appeared first as name only in Bănărescu 1977:44 [ref. 14138] in different context. English summary on p. 330. •Synonym of Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:455 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987 -- (Zhu 1989:13 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Prokofiev 2004:156 [ref. 27665], Chen & Chen 2007:111 [ref. 29350], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2010:890 [ref. 31096], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:33 [ref. 32910]). Current status: Valid as Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987. Nemacheilidae.

Species Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan et al., 1996 - Bao'an stone loach (author) [=Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan [J.-H.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1996:111, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 23183] Underground stream at Bao'an town, ca. 24°07'N, 107°51'E, Du'an County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan, Yang & Chen, 1996. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Du'an County, Hongshui River system of Red River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Heminoemacheilus parva Zhu & Zhu, 2015 - Ande Town stone loach (author) [=Heminoemacheilus parva Zhu [Y.] & Zhu [D.-G.], 2015:18, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Guangdong Ocean University 2014 (no. 6) (for Dec. 2014); ref. 33692] Cave, Ande Town, Jingxi County, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Heminoemacheilus parva Zhu & Zhu, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 1987 - Du'an stone loach (author) [=Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1987:324 [330], Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 14139] Outlet of subterranean waters near Du'an County town, ca. 23°56'N, 108°05'E, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Homatula Nichols, 1925 - stone loaches [=Homatula (subgenus of Barbatula) Nichols [J. T.], 1925:2] Notes: [ref. 3178]. Fem. Nemachilus potanini Günther, 1896. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1838 -- (authors). •Synonym of Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 -- (Zhu 1989:31 [ref. 17744]). •Discussion -- (Prokofiev 2009:894 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Homatula Nichols, 1925 -- (Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Hu & Zhang 2010:52 [ref. 30780], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Gu & Zhang 2012:xx [ref. 31632], Freyhof et al. 2012:306 [ref. 31752], Min et al. 2012:313 [ref. 32341], Min et al. 2012:78 [ref. 32392], Min et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32529], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Homatula Nichols, 1925. Nemacheilidae.

Species Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He, 1993) - Haixihai stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis acuticephala Zhou [W.] & He [J.-C.], 1993:5] Notes: [English p. 9], Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 21971] Haixihai near Niujie, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He, 1993). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Haixihai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang, 1985) - Longtan stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis anguillioides Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:210 [218], Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Longtan spring, near Yousuo, 26°1.204'N, 100°3.206'E [not 26°N, 99°50'E], Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Mekong River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula change Endruweit, 2015 - Yiwanshui stone loach (author) [=Homatula change Endruweit [M.], 2015:66, Figs. 1, 3-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33868] Yunnan, Puer Prefecture, Jiangcheng County, hill stream close to Yiwanshui village, a tributary to Mengyejiang River, Black River, Red River basin, 22°35.759'N, 101°45.488'E, China, elevation 953 meters. Current status: Valid as Homatula change Endruweit, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Black River basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula disparizona Min et al., 2013 - Panlong stone loach (author) [=Homatula disparizona Min [R.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2013:351, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 4) (for 2012); ref. 32529] Panlong River (Red River drainage), Wenshan City, Xichou County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula disparizona Min, Yang & Chen, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Panlong River, Red River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988) - Erhai stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis erhaiensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1988:95 [100], Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 17743] Wase, eastern bank of Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula laxiclathra Gu & Zhang, 2012 - Wei stone loach (author) [=Homatula laxiclathra Gu [J.-H.] & Zhang [E.], 2012:xx, Fig. 1a, 4a] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 94 (no. 4); ref. 31632] Wei River, Yellow River drainage, Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula laxiclathra Gu & Zhang, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Wei River, Yellow River drainage, Shaanxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula longidorsalis (Yang et al., 1994) - longidorsalis stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis variegatus longidorsalis Yang [J.-X.], Chen [Y.-R.] & Kottelat [M.], 1994:63, Figs. 2B, 3] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 15, Supplement; ref. 28152] Jiuxiang, 25°06'N, 103°24'E, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula longidorsalis (Yang, Chen & Kottelat, 1994). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River basin, Pearl River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula nanpanjiangensis (Min et al., 2010) - Nanjie stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis nanpanjiangensis Min [R.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2010:200, Fig. 1] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 87 (no. 3); ref. 30726] Tributary of upper Nanpanjiang River drainage, Niujie River, 24°57'46.9"N, 104°13'09.2"E, at Nanjie village, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula nanpanjiangensis (Min, Chen & Yang, 2010). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River, Pearl River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula oligolepis (Cao & Zhu, in Zheng et al., 1989) - Yangzong stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis variegatus oligolepis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], in Zheng et al., 1989:48 [Engl. p. 410], Fig. 27] Notes: [Fishes of the Zhujiang River; ref. 21202] Yangzonghai, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula oligolepis (Cao & Zhu, 1989). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangzonghai [Yangzong Lake], Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula potanini (Gunther, 1896) - Ya stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus potanini Günther [A.], 1896:218 [20]] Notes: [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 1896, v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 2019] Ya River, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula potanini (Günther, 1896). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangtse River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010 - Yangbi stone loach (author) [=Homatula pycnolepis Hu [Y.-T.] & Zhang [E.], 2010:52, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 5a, 6a, 7a] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 30780] Yangbi River, tributary of upper Mekong at Shaxi Town, about 26°19'N, 99°51'E, Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Mekong River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, in Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) - Tchen-si stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus variegatus Dabry de Thiersant [P.], in Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874:14, Nemachilus berezowskii Günther [A.], 1896:217 [19], Pl. 2 (fig. C), Nemachilus oxygnathus Regan [C. T.], 1908:357] Notes: [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Tchen-si, Wei River, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yellow, Yangtze and Pearl river drainages, China. Habitat: freshwater. (berezowskii) [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 1896, v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 2019] Hui-hsien [now Hui County of Gansu Province], upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] drainage, China. Current status: Synonym of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater. (oxygnathus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 14350] Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Synonym of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula wujiangensis (Ding & Deng, 1990) - Wujiang stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis wujiangensis Ding [R.-H.] & Deng [Q.-X.], 1990:287 (English p. 290), Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 21065] Wujiang River, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Homatula wujiangensis (Ding & Deng, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Wujiang River basin, Yangtze River drainage, Sichuan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Homatula wuliangensis Min et al., 2012 - Lancang stone loach (author) [=Homatula wuliangensis Min [R.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2012:315, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32341] Wuliang Mountain (24°17′26.6″N, 100°39′03.6″E-24°20′37.5″N, 100°41′18.2″E), Lancang River, at Jingdong County, Pu-Er City, China, altitude 1274-1781 meters. Current status: Valid as Homatula wuliangensis Min, Yang & Chen, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lancang River, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Indoreonectes Rita & Banarescu, in Rita et al., 1978 - stone loaches [=Indoreonectes (subgenus of Oreonectes) Rita [S. D.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978:185] Notes: [ref. 3758]. Masc. Oreonectes (Indoreonectes) keralensis Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Indoreonectes as described -- (Menon 1987:190 [ref. 14149]). •Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868, but a valid subgenus Indoreonectes as described -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:454 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Indoreonectes Rita & Bănărescu, 1978 -- (Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Proudlove 2006:102 [ref. 28992], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096]). Current status: Valid as Indoreonectes Rita & Bănărescu, 1978. Nemacheilidae.

Species Indoreonectes evezardi (Day, 1872) - Kotumsar Cave nemacheilid loach (author) [=Nemacheilus evezardi Day [F.], 1872:182] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1-4); ref. 14133] Kotumsar Cave, 18°52'09"N, 81°56'05"E [18°52'10"N, 81°56'04"E], Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Indoreonectes evezardi (Day, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Madhya Pradish, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Indoreonectes keralensis (Rita & Nalbant, in Rita et al., 1978) - Periyar nemacheilid (author) [=Oreonectes (Indoreonectes) keralensis Rita [S. D.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978:186, Figure 1] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 19; ref. 3758] Tributary of Periyar River, Pampadampara, Kerala, India. Current status: Valid as Indoreonectes keralensis (Rita & Nalbant, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010 - stone loaches [=Indotriplophysa (subgenus of Triplophysa) Prokofiev [A. M.], 2010:896] Notes: [ref. 31096]. Fem. Nemacheilus tenuis Day, 1877. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933, but a valid subgenus Indotriplophysa as described. •Valid as Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2012. Nemacheilidae.

Species Indotriplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934) - Lutkuh stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus choprai Hora [S. L.], 1934:310, Fig. 9] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 36 (pt 3); ref. 18309] Lutkuh River, near Hot Springs, Chitral Valley, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Indotriplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Indotriplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) - Bajanjol stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus stoliczkae crassicauda Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:23, Pl. 7 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Bajanjol River [Bajan gol River], Tsaidam [Quaidam], Quinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Indotriplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bajan-gol River, Quaidam, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Indotriplophysa eugeniae (Prokofiev, 2002) - Hi-Chu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev [A. M.], 2002:473, Fig. 5] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 26268] Hi-Chu, Kam Valley, China. Current status: Valid as Indotriplophysa eugeniae (Prokofiev, 2002). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Indotriplophysia yasinensis (Alcock, 1898) - Yasin stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus yasinensis Alcock [A. W.], 1898:38, Zool. Pl. 2 (figs. 2, 2a), Nemachilus hutchinsoni Hora [S. L.], 1936:314, Pl. 12 (figs. 1-2); Figs. 6-7] Notes: [Report on the natural history results of the Pamir Boundary Commission; ref. 14671] Yasin River, Ladakh, India, elevation about 8500 feet (or Pakistan, gilgot-Baltistan, Yasin River at 8500 ft.). Current status: Valid as Indotriplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and India. Habitat: freshwater. (hutchinsoni) [Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences v. 10 (art. 17); ref. 10431] West of Mugleb; pond between Durbuk and Tangtse; Tsar Tso; Pool isolated from river at Lukung, Kashmir, India. Current status: Synonym of Indotriplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009 - loaches [=Iskandaria Prokofiev [A. M.], 2009:889] Notes: [ref. 30604]. Fem. Nemacheilus kuschakewitschi Herzenstein, 1890. Type by original designation; one species and 3 subspecies. •Valid as Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009 -- (Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009. Nemacheilidae.

Species Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890) - Kuschakewitsch loach [=Nemacheilus kuschakewitschi Herzenstein [S. M.], 1890:139 [61], Nemachilus kuschakewitschi badamensis Turdakov [F. A.], 1948:56] Notes: [Mélanges Biologiques, tirés du Bulletin physico-mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 13; ref. 18286] Margelan and Andizhan, Syr-Darya River basin, Uzbekistan. Current status: Valid as Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater. (badamensis) [Trudy Kirgizskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta v. 1 (no. 1) for 1946; ref. 21173] Badam River at Shyumkent, tributary of Arys' River, Kazakhstan. Current status: Synonym of Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Iskandaria pardalis (Turdakov, 1941) - Dyushambinka loach (author) [=Nemachilus pardalis Turdakov [F. A.], 1941:219, Fig. 1] Notes: [Archives du Musée Zoologique de l'Université de Moscou v. 6; ref. 13188] Dyushambinka River at Dushanbe [Stalinabad], Tadzhikistan. Current status: Valid as Iskandaria pardalis (Turdakov, 1941). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010 - stone loaches [=Labiatophysa (subgenus of Triplophysa) Prokofiev [A. M.], 2010:891, 895] Notes: [ref. 31096]. Fem. Diplophysa labiata Kessler, 1874. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933, but a valid subgenus Labiatophysa as described. •Valid as Latiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010-- (Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010. Nemacheilidae.

Species Labiatophysa herzensteini (Berg, 1909) - Charyn stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa labiata herzensteini Berg [L. S.], 1909:10] Notes: [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk v. 14; ref. 14362] Charyn [Tscharyn] River, tributary of the Ili River, Kazakhstan. Current status: Valid as Labiatophysa herzensteini (Berg, 1909). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tscharyn River, Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Labiatophysa microphthalma (Kessler, 1879) - Cham stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa microphthalma Kessler [K. T.], 1879:308] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Cham River/Chami Depression, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Labiatophysa microphthalma (Kessler, 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Oases of the Chami Depression, Xinijang Uighur Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Lefua Herzenstein, 1888 - stone loaches [=Lefua Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:3, Elxis Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:768, Octonema Herzenstein [S. M.], in Herzenstein & Warpachowski, 1888:47] Notes: [ref. 2147]. Fem. Octonema pleskei Herzenstein, 1888. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Octonema Herzenstein, 1887, preoccupied by Octonema Martens, 1868 in fishes and by Octonema Haecker, 1879 in Coelenterata. Also appeared in Herzenstein 1888:91 [ref. 2148]. •Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:339 [ref. 6554], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:454 [ref. 23187] but a valid subgenus Lefua). •Valid as Lefua Herzenstein, 1888 -- (Sawada 1982:202 [ref. 14111], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:59 [ref. 6441], Zhu 1989:20 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:48 [ref. 22798], Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591], Naseka & Bogutskaya 2004:284 [ref. 27838] dated 1887, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:114 [ref. 28183], Mihara et al. 2005:157 [ref. 28201], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Lefua Herzenstein, 1888. Nemacheilidae. (Elxis) [ref. 2461]. Elxis nikkonis Jordan & Fowler, 1903. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:339 [ref. 6554], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:453 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of Lefua Herzenstein, 1888 -- (Zhu 1989:20 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lefua Herzenstein, 1888. Nemacheilidae. (Octonema) [ref. 2152]. Neut. Octonema pleskei Herzenstein, 1888. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Berg 1907:437. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Octonema Martens, 1868 in fishes and Octonema Haecker, 1879 in Coelenterata, replaced by Lefua Herzenstein, 1888. Type designated by Berg 1907:437. •In the synonymy of Oreonectes Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:453 [ref. 23187]). •In the synonymy of Lefua Herzenstein, 1888 -- (Zhu 1989:20 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:114 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lefua Herzenstein, 1888. Nemacheilidae. Species Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876) - eightbarbel loach [=Diplophysa costata Kessler [K. T.], 1876:29, Pl. 3 (fig. 4), Lefua andrewsi Fowler [H. W.], 1922:1, Elxis coreanus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], 1905:201, Fig. 7, Nemachilus dixoni Fowler [H. W.], 1899:181] Notes: [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor, Dalai-nor] Lake at 43°N [43°18'N, 116°39'E], Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, China, elevation 4200 feet. Current status: Valid as Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Amur drainage, China, Russia and Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater. (andrewsi) [American Museum Novitates No. 38; ref. 15339] Shing Lung Shan, eastern Tombs [now Hebei, Zunhua, ,40°11'N, 117°58'E], Hopeh Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (coreanus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Gensan, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (dixoni) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan Lan Ho River, tributary of Shan Lan Ho River, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-Miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson, 1907 - Honshu stone loach (author) [=Lefua echigonia Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.], 1907:263, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1570); ref. 10643] Nagaoka, Echigo, Japan. Current status: Valid as Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson, 1907. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Honshu Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lefua hoffmanni Herre, 1932 - Hoffman's stone loach (author) [=Lefua hoffmanni Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1932:429] Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 10975] Kwangtung Province, China. Current status: Valid as Lefua hoffmanni Herre, 1932. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lefua nikkonis (Jordan & Fowler, 1903) - nikkonis stone loach (author) [=Elxis nikkonis Jordan [D. S.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1903:768, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1332); ref. 2461] Chitose in Iburi, Hokkaido, Japan. Current status: Valid as Lefua nikkonis (Jordan & Fowler, 1903). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hokkaido Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lefua pleskei (Herzenstein, in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888) - Pleske's stone loach (author) [=Octonema pleskei Herzenstein [S. M.], in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888:48, Pl. (fig. 5)] Notes: [Trudy St.-Peterburgskogo Obscestva Estestvoispytatelej = Travaux de la Société des Naturalistes de St. Pétersbourg. v. 19 (no. 8) (for 1887); ref. 2152] Ilistaya [Lefu] River near Nikolajewka, Khanka Lake basin, Amur River drainage, Russia. Current status: Valid as Lefua pleskei (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lefua sayu (Herre & Lin, 1936) - sayu stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes sayu Herre [A. W. C. T.] & Lin [S.-Y.], 1936:19] Notes: [Bulletino Chekiang Provincial Experiment Station, Tinghai, Chekiang, China v. 2 (7); ref. 10995] Upper Tsien Tang River, Chekiang Province, China. Current status: Valid as Lefua sayu (Herre & Lin, 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Malihkaia Kottelat, 2017 - stone loaches [=Malihkaia Kottelat [M.], 2017:81] Notes: [ref. 35308]. Fem. Malihkaia aligera Kottelat, 2017. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Malihkaia Kottelat, 2017. Current status: Valid as Malihkaia Kottelat, 2017. Nemacheilidae.

Species Malihkaia aligera Kottelat, 2017 - Mali Hka stone loach (author) [=Malihkaia aligera Kottelat [M.], 2017:85, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35308] Mali Hka River, about 9 km upstream of Kang Mu Lon, Kachin state, Myanmar, 27°25'54"N, 97°27'56"E, elevation 402 meters. Current status: Valid as Malihkaia aligera Kottelat, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mali Hka River, Kachin state, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Mesonoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1982 - stone loaches [=Mesonoemacheilus (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982:202] Notes: [ref. 4030]. Masc. Nemacheilus triangularis Day, 1865. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Mesonoemacheilus as described -- (Menon 1984 [ref. 12845], Menon 1987:160 [ref. 14149]). •Valid as Mesonoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982 -- (Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:446 [ref. 23187], Rema Devi & Indra 2002:333 [ref. 26591], Shaji 2002:219 [ref. 27556], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:88 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982. Nemacheilidae.

Species Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day, 1867) - Guenther's stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus guentheri Day [F.], 1867:285 [5]] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2); ref. 14043] Rapids on the slopes of the Neilgherry hills, India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day, 1867). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Banarescu, 1982 - Herre's stone loach (author) [=Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant [T. T.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982:203, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 23 (for 1981); ref. 4030] Valparai, Anamallai Hills, Kerala State, India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1982. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis (Rema & Indra, 1994) - Pambar stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus (Mesonoemacheilus) pambarensis Rema Devi [K.] & Indra [T. J.], 1994:207, Fig. 1 (separate plate)] Notes: [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 94 (nos 2-4); ref. 23719] Pambar River at border of Chinnar Sanctuary, Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis (Rema Devi & Indra, 1994). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mesonoemacheilus petrubanarescui (Menon, 1984) - Netravati stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus petrubanarescui Menon [A. G. K.], 1984:45, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Cybium v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 12845] Netravati River, Dharmasthala, Karnataka State, India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus petrubanarescui (Menon, 1984). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mesonoemacheilus pulchellus (Day, 1873) - Bowany stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pulchellus Day [F.], 1873:528] Notes: [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 11; ref. 17368] Bowany River [Bhavani], Neilgherries [Nilgiris], India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus pulchellus (Day, 1873). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. Species Mesonoemacheilus remadevii Shaji, 2002 - Kunthi stone loach (author) [=Mesonoemacheilus remadevii Shaji [C. P.], 2002:217, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Indian Journal of Fisheries v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 27556] Kunthi River at Poochipara, Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus remadevii Shaji, 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Mesonoemacheilus triangularis (Day, 1865) - Mundikyum stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus triangularis Day [F.], 1865:295, Noemacheilus triangularis tambaraparniensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:171] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1); ref. 5295] Hills at Mundikyum, Cochin (now Kerala), India. Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus triangularis (Day, 1865). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (tambaraparniensis) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Tambaraparni basin near Courtalam, Tamil Nadu, India. Current status: Synonym of Mesonoemacheilus triangularis (Day, 1865). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944 - stone loaches [=Micronemacheilus (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Rendahl [H.], 1944:45] Notes: [ref. 3705]. Masc. Nemacheilus cruciatus Rendahl, 1944. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 – (Freyhof & Serov 2001:190 [ref. 25364]). •Valid as Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944 -- (Zhu & Cao 1987: [ref. 14139] as Micronoemacheilus, Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Zhu 1989:11 [ref. 17744] as Micronemacheilus, Kottelat 1990:19 [ref. 14137], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:240 [ref. 23876], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:437 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2004:158 [ref. 27665] as Micronoemacheilus, Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096] as Micronoemacheilus, Kottelat 2012:89 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944. Nemacheilidae.

Species Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl, 1944) - Thua Luu stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus cruciatus Rendahl [H.], 1944:37, Figs. 19-22] Notes: [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl, 1944). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 - stone loaches [=Nemacheilus Bleeker [P.], 1863:34, Modigliania Perugia [A.], 1893:246, Noemacheilus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.], in van Hasselt, 1823:133, Pogononemacheilus (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Fowler [H. W.], 1937:158] Notes: [ref. 400]. Masc. Cobitis fasciata Valenciennes, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). May date to Bleeker 1863:364 or 1863, Pl. 103 in part 8 [ref. 4859]. Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 is considered a nomen nudum by Kottelat 1987 [ref. 5962] and 1990:20 [ref. 14137]. Nemachilus Günther, 1868:347 [ref. 1990] is an unjustified emendation. Nemacheilos and Nematocheilos are misspellings. •Valid as Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Zhu 1989:60 [ref. 17744], Rahman 1989:143 [ref. 24860] as Nemachilus, Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:241 [ref. 23876], Wu & Wu 1992:143 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:433 [ref. 23187], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:46 [ref. 22798], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:58 [ref. 23556], Ataur Rahman 2003:169 [ref. 31338], Madhusoodana, Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005:75 [ref. 28530], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2007:2724 [ref. 29138], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:119 [ref. 301214], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2009:147 [ref. 30462], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2010:39 [ref. 30914], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Conway et al. 2011:[11] [ref. 31594], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:89 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33184]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae. (Modigliania) [ref. 3434]. Fem. Modigliania papillosa Perugia, 1893. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Kottelat 1984:225 [ref. 5292] assuming Noemacheilus is available). •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Roberts 1989:106 [ref. 6439], Zhu 1989:60 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20, 43 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:434 [ref. 23187], Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae. (Noemacheilus) [ref. 5963]. Masc. Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823. Type by monotypy. Genus and species description not diagnostic, both regarded by Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962] as nomina nuda. Genus is available from Bleeker 1863 [ref. 400] as Nemacheilus and species by Valenciennes 1846. See Nemacheilus. As a new family Noemacheilidae in Mirza 1989: 319 [ref. 16179]. •Valid as Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 [Noemacheilus or Nemcheilus] -- (Jayaram 1981:147 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:202 [ref. 14111], Kottelat 1984 [ref. 5292], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:59 [ref. 6441], Menon 1987:36 [ref. 14149], Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139], Mirza 1989:320 [ref. 16179]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:434 [ref. 23187], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae. (Pogononemacheilus) [ref. 1425]. Masc. Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Kottelat 1984:225 [ref. 5292]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 – (Zhu 1989:60 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:434 [ref. 23187], Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae.

Species Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale, 1919 - Yenna stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus anguilla Annandale [N.], 1919:127, Pls. 1 (fig. 3), 3 (fig. 1), Nemachilus poonaensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1950:226, Fig. 1 a] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 16 (pt 1); ref. 15202] Yenna River at Medha, Satara District, Maharashtra (Mumbai Presidency), India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale, 1919. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (poonaensis) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 47 (pt 2) (for 1949); ref. 2981] Moola-Mootha [Mula-Mutha] River, Kistna draiage, Poona, Mumbai State, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale, 1919. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1998 - arenicolus stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat [M.], 1998:65, Figs. 102, 106] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Xot in Ban Nam Xot, 17°53'20", 105°05'10"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Pako stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus banar Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:135, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Middle River Pako about 50 kilometers north of Kontum, 14°39.60'N, 107°46.98'E, Kontum Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933 - Mekhan stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus binotatus Smith [H. M.], 1933:61, Pl. 1 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Mekhan, tributary of Meping, southwest of Doi Sutep, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - chrysolaimos stone loach (author) [=Cobitis chrysolaimos Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt), in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:27, Pl. 521] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Java, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - cleopatra stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:138, Figs. 5-7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] River Sol near Plao Ganong, about 60 kilometers south of Pleiku, 13°31.82'N, 108°18.63'E, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton, 1822) - Kosi stone loach (author) [=Cobitis corica Hamilton [F.], 1822:359, 395, Cobites (Acoura) cinerea Swainson [W.], 1839:310, Schistura punctata McClelland [J.], 1839:308, 442, Pl. 53 (fig. 4)] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Kosi River, India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia: Nepal, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater. (cinerea) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Kosia River, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (punctata) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Northeastern Bengal and Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867 - Denison's stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus denisoni Day [F.], 1867:287 [7], Noemacheilus denisoni mukambbikaensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:101, Fig., Nemacheilus chryseus Day [F.], 1873:529, Noemacheilus denisoni pambaensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:103, Pl. 10 (figs. 5-6), Noemacheilus rendahli Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1968:336, Pl. 1 (fig. 8); Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2); ref. 14043] Bowany River, base of Nilgiris, India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (mukambbikaensis) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Kashi stream, Mujambbika [Mukambbika], Karnataka, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (chryseus) [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 11; ref. 17368] Bowany River, Neilgherries, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pambaensis) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Sabarigiri, Kerala, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (rendahli) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 6554] Nandur-Madhyameshwar dam on Godavari River, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992 - Danum stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin [P. K.] & Samat [A.], 1992:26, Figs. 2, 5-6] Notes: [[The] Malayan Nature Journal v. 46 (pt 1); ref. 21366] Forest stream of Sungai Payau in shallow pools, Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - barred loach [=Cobitis fasciata Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:25, Cobitis suborbitalis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:26] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. (suborbitalis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus kaimurensis Husain & Tilak, 1998 - Kanhar stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus kaimurensis Husain [A.] & Tilak [R.], 1998:131, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Indian Journal of Forestry v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 24919] Kanhar stream, near village of Kota, Chopan, District Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus kaimurensis Husain & Tilak, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus kapuasensis (Kottelat, 1984) - Kapuas stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat [M.], 1984:244, Figs. 3b, 11, 16, 17] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 5292] Kapuas, rocky channel in main stream of Sungai Pinoh, Nangu Saian, 45 kilometers south of Nangapinoh, Borneo, 0°43'S, 111°38'E. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus kodaguensis Menon, 1987 - Kotu stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus kodaguensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:108, Pl. 16 (fig. 11)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Kotu Hola, near Merkara, Karnataka, India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus kodaguensis Menon, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905 - Mahakam stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus longipectoralis Popta [C. M. L.], 1905:182] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 25 (note 15); ref. 3549] Upper Mahakam River, Kalimantan Timur, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sabah and Kalimanan Timur, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922 - Sumatran stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus longipinnis Ahl [E.], 1922:31, Nemacheilus lactogeneus Roberts [T. R.], 1989:107, Fig. 82] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin No. 1-2; ref. 15335] Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. (lactogeneus) [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Kapuas mainstream 58 kilometers northeast of Sintang and 1 kilometer downstream from Sebruang, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Indonesia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990 - Mekong stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat [M.], 1990:51, Figs. 26-27] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Mekong River mainstream between Chiang Khan, 17°50'N, 101°45'E, to 70 kilometers downstream by road, Loei Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus lunanensis Li & Xia, 1987 - Lunan stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus lunanensis Li [S.] & Xia, 1987] Notes: Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus lunanensis Li & Xia, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010 - Marang stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty [R. K.] & Kottelat [M.], 2010:41, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2557; ref. 30914] Tepian village, Sungai Marang, 1°42.47'N, 117°45.55'E, Bengalon drainage, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Marang and Jelai rivers, Jelai drainage (into the Sungai Bengalon), East Kalimantan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933 - arrow loach [=Nemacheilus masyae Smith [H. M.], 1933:58, Fig. 3; Pl. 1 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Ban Ta Yai, Tadi stream, Nakhon Sritamarat, Peninsular Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand and Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus menoni (Zacharias & Minimol, 1999) - Menon's stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus menoni Zacharias [V. J.] & Minimol [K. C.], 1999:288, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 96 (pt 2); ref. 24212] Periyar River, Malappara, Kerala, India. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus menoni Zacharias & Minimol, 1999. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus monilis Hora, 1921 - Bhavani stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus monilis Hora [S. L.], 1921:19, Fig.] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 1); ref. 15313] Edge of Bhavani River, 10 miles from Mettupalaiyam [Methtupalayam], near base of Nilgiri Hills, India, elevation 1800 feet. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus monilis Hora, 1921. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894 - Bongon stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus olivaceus Boulenger [G. A.], 1894:250] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 26); ref. 535] Bongon, northern Borneo. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sabah, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990 - ornate stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat [M.], 1990:61, Figs. 34-35] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Khlong Sok at Ban Khlong Sok, 8°49'N, 98°35'E, Tapi River basin, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990 - pallid stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat [M.], 1990:63, Figs. 36-37] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Huai Mae Phlung from Ban Pong (18°42'N, 99°58'E), to 17 kilometers upstream, Mae Nam Yom basin, Lampang Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 - papillos stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus papillos Tan [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.], 2009:53, Figs. 40-41] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30261] Sungai Sentang, near Desa Sukajaya, about 5 kilometers from road (turn-off at about 12 kilometers on road from Bayung Lencir to Jambi), Sumatra Selatan, Sumatra. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lower Batang Hari drainage and adjacent Sungai Lalang in the Musi drainage, Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Slechtova, 2011 - Segamat stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2011:201, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 59 (no. 2); ref. 31485] Tributary of Segamat River, upstream of Segamat, 2°28'47"N, 103°05'13"E, Johor, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Malay Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker, 1853) - Meninju stone loach (author) [=Cobitis pfeifferi Bleeker [P.], 1853:298, Nemachilus dunckeri Ahl [E.], 1922:30] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4; ref. 12580] Lake Meninju, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker, 1853). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater. (dunckeri) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin No. 1-2; ref. 15335] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus pfeifrerae (Bleeker, 1853). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990 - Trang Bom stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat [M.], 1990:66, Figs. 38-40] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Trang Bom, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894 - Senah stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus saravacensis Boulenger [G. A.], 1894:251] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 26); ref. 535] Senah, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kalimantan Barat and Sarawak, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904 - fighting loach, grey-banded loach [=Nemachilus selangoricus Duncker [G.], 1904:175, Nemachilus kuiperi de Beaufort [L. F.], 1939:190, Fig. 1, Nemacheilus translineatus Fowler [H. W.], 1939:63, Fig. 13] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 21; ref. 5560] Kuala Lumpur, 3°08'N, 101°42'E, Selangor, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater. (kuiperi) [Treubia Buitenzorg v. 17 (pt 3); ref. 17180] Belitung Island, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (translineatus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984 - Sungai stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat [M.], 1984:250, Fig. 20] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 5292] Sungai Liam, tributary of Baram River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia, 3°19'N, 114°45'E. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatrra and southern Malay Penninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 2009 - Thuttinjet stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus Arunachalam [M.] & Muralidharan [M.], 2009:148, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Threatened Taxa v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 30462] Thuttinjet, Seethanathi River, Karnataka State, 13°23'54.3"N, 75°01'18.2"E, Arunachalam, India, elevation 199 meters. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Seethanathi River, western Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 - Tebo stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty [R. K.] & Kottelat [M.], 2009:120, Figs. 3-5] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 57 (no. 1); ref. 30124] Merapun Village, Lake Tebo area, pond at mouth of west cave, 17°00'13"N, 54°10'54"E, Kelai District, Berau Regency, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Tebo drainage, East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 1989 - blind cave loach [=Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat [M.] & Géry [J.], 1989:273, Fig. 1] Notes: [Spixiana (München) v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 13781] Underwater stream, Tham Sai Yok Noi [=Tham Nam Tok], 3 kilometers north-northwest of Nam Tok, 14°15'N, 99°04'E, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001 - Gunung stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty [R. K.] & Siebert [D. J.], 2001:183, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Zoology) v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 25685] Gunung Leuser National Park, Desa Pucuk Lembang, Kecamatan Kluet Selatan, Aceh Selatan, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Nemachilichthys Day, 1878 - stone loaches [=Nemachilichthys Day [F.], 1878:611] Notes: [ref. 4887]. Masc. Cobitis rueppelli Sykes, 1841. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Nemachilichthys -- (Jayaram 1981:150 [ref. 6497], Menon 1987:158 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilichthys). •Synonym of Schistura McClelland 1839 -- (Zhu 1989:38 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Nemachilichthys Day, 1878 -- (Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:447 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Nemachilichthys Day, 1878. Nemacheilidae.

Species Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839) - Ruppell's loach (author) [=Cobitis ruppelli Sykes [W. H.], 1839:162, Nemachilichthys shimogensis Narayan Rao [C. R.], 1920:62, Pl. 2 (figs. 5, 5a-b)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Deccan, India [possibly the Mula-Mutha River]. Current status: Valid as Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper reaches of the east-flowing Krishna River system, Western Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater. (shimogensis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 15244] Thunga River, Shimoga Town, Mysore, India. Current status: Synonym of Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985 - stone loaches [=Neonoemacheilus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Guo [Q.-Z.], 1985:321, Infundibulatus (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:177] Notes: [ref. 6100]. Masc. Noemacheilus labeosus Kottelat, 1982. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985 -- (Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Zhu 1989:66 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20, 71 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:436 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:201 [ref. 25886], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985. Nemacheilidae. (Infundibulatus) [ref. 14149]. Masc. Nemachilus peguensis Hora, 1929. Type by original designation. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985 -- (Kottelat 1990:71 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:436 [ref. 23187], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:201 [ref. 25886], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985. Nemacheilidae.

Species Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon, 1987) - Assamese stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus assamensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:179] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Pagladia River, Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Brahmaputra basin, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982) - labeosus stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus labeosus Kottelat [M.], 1982:169, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 8460] Salween River at Mae Sahm Leap, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, 17°59'N, 97°44'E. Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, 1989 - Mending stone loach (author) [=Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Guo [Z.-Z.], in Zhu, 1989:67 (English p. 135), Fig. 46] Notes: [The loaches of the subfamily Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae).; ref. 17744] Nanding River, near Mending, Gengmaxian County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000 - Moreh stone loach (author) [=Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar [L.], 2000:44, Fig. 1] Notes: [Indian Journal of Fisheries v. 47 (no. 1); ref. 25660] Lokchao River at Moreh, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neonoemacheilus peguensis (Hora, 1929) - Pegu stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus peguensis Hora [S. L.], 1929:320, Pl. 14 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Pegu Yoma hills, east of the Irrawaddy River, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus peguensis (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Oreonectes Günther, 1868 - stone loaches [=Oreonectes Günther [A.], 1868:369, Octonema (subgenus of Homaloptera) Martens [E. von], 1868:608] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Masc. Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Oreonectes Günther, 1868 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:339 [ref. 6554], Jayaram 1981:147 [ref. 6497], Zhu & Cao 1987:326 [ref. 14139], Zhu 1989:22 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:245 [ref. 23876], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:453 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2005:460 [ref. 28631], Proudlove 2006:89 [ref. 28992], Zhang et al. 2006:612 [ref. 29423], Du et al. 2008:25 [ref. 29544], Huang et al. 2009:445 [ref. 30323], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2011:208 [ref. 31282], Yang et al. 2011:72 [ref. 31464], Tang et al. 2012:xx [ref. 31595], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:55 [ref. 32910], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Oreonectes Günther, 1868. Nemacheilidae. (Octonema) [ref. 2896]. Neut. Homaloptera (Octonema) rotundicauda Martens, 1868. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868 -- (Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:453 [ref. 23187], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868. Nemacheilidae.

Species Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, 1981 - Taiji stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng [P.-S.], in Zheng, 1981:162, Fig. 134] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Guangxi Province 1981; ref. 23151] Taiji Cave, ca. 23°06'N, 1089°40'E, Oifeng Shan (hill), Wuming County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes daqikongensis Deng et al., 2016 - Daqikong stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes daqikongensis Deng [H.-Q.], Wen [H.], Xiao [N.] & Zhou [J.], 2016:49, Fig. 1] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 637; ref. 34936] Subterranean river of the Daqikong area, Libo County, Guizhou province, China, 25°17'05.1"N, 107°44'54.3"E, elevation 488 meters. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes daqikongensis Deng, Wen, Xiao & Zhou, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Subterranean waters in Daqikong area, Libo County, Guizhou, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes donglanensis Wu, in Lan et al., 2013 - Simeng stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes donglanensis Wu [T.-J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(83) 253, Figs. 59-60] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Simeng Town (the Hongshui River), Dunglan County, Guangxi, China, 24.2°N, 107.2°E Current status: Valid as Oreonectes donglanensis Wu, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dunglan County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes duanensis Lan, in Lan et al., 2013 - Cheng Jian Tiwn stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes duanensis Lan [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(76) 253, Figs, 56-57] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cheng Jian Tiwn, Du'an County, Guangxi, China, 23.9°N, 102.2E, elevation 272 meters,. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes duanensis Lan, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Du'an County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes guananensis Yang et al., 2011 - Guan'an stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes guananensis Yang [Q.], Wei [M.-L.], Lan [J.-H.] & Yang [Q.], 2011:272, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of Guangxi Normal University 2011 (no. 1); ref. 31464] Cave in Guan'an village, Changmei town, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes guananensis Yang, Wei, Lan & Yang, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Caves in Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes luochengensis Yang et al., 2011 - Luocheng stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes luochengensis Yang [J.], Wu [T.-J.], Wei [R.-F.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2011:209, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 32 (no. 2); ref. 31282] Cave, approximately 2 km from Tianhe Town, Luocheng, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes luochengensis Yang, Wu, Wei & Yang, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868 - flat-headed loach [=Oreonectes platycephalus Günther [A.], 1868:369, Homaloptera (Octonema) rotundicauda Martens [E. von], 1868:608, Oreonectes yenlingi Lin [S.-Y.] 1932:380] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Small stream near top of Hong Kong Mts., China, elevation 15000 feet. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (rotundicauda) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868; ref. 2896] Hong Kong, China. Current status: Synonym of Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (yenlingi) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 2780] White Cloud Mountain, Kwangtung [Guangdong], China. Current status: Synonym of Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes polystigmus Du et al., 2008 - Dabu stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes polystigmus Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2008:30, Fig. 7] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1729; ref. 29544] Dabu Village, Guilin City, Guangxi, Region, China. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes polystigmus Du, Chen & Yang, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dabu Villagem Guilin City, Guangxi Zhung Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oreonectes shuilongensis Deng et al., 2016 - Liujiang River stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes shuilongensis Deng [H.-Q.], Xiao [N.], Hou [ X.-F.] & Zhou [J.], 2016:145, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa 4132 (no. 1); ref. 34511] Unnamed cave stream of Liujiang River basin, Shuilong Township, Sandu County, Guizhou Province, China, 25°50′44.4′′N, 107°52′54.3′′E. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes shuilongensis Deng, Xiao, Hou & Zhou, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Liujiang River basin, Sandu County, Guizhou, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Oxynoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966 - stone loaches [=Oxynoemacheilus (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:153, Ilamnemacheilus Coad [B. W.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2005:303, Nun Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren, 1982:23] Notes: [ref. 218]. Masc. Cobitis persa Heckel, 1847. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled once as Oxynolmacheilus in Zoological Record for 1967. Correct spelling is apparently Oxynoemacheilus and not Oxynemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:378 [ref. 13651], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137]). •Synonym of Orthrias Jordan & Fowler, 1903 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:449 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of Barbatula Linck, 1790 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29026]). •Valid as Oxynemacheilus [sic] -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:115 [ref. 29859]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966 -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:140 [ref. 28767], Prokofiev 2007:12 [ref. 30343], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:332 [ref. 29996], Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:201 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33140]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Nemacheilidae. (Ilamnemacheilus) [ref. 28672]. Masc. Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad & Nalbant, 2005. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005 -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966 -- (Freyhof et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34414]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Nemacheilidae. (Nun) [ref. 174]. Masc. Cobitis galilaea Günther, 1864. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Treated as masculine (Art. 30.2.4). •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:378 [ref. 13651]). •Valid as Nun Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982 -- (Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:446 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:884 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966 -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:303 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Nemacheilidae.

Species Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk'akan et al., 2008 - Burdur stone loach (author) [=Oxynemacheilus anatolica Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2008:117, Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29859] Input of Karamanli Dam Lake, Burdur, southwestern Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Inlet of Karamanli Dam lake, Burdur, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897) - Angora loach [=Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner [F.], 1897:693 [9], Pl. 4 (fig. 4a-c), Nemacheilus bergi Gratzianov [V. J.], 1907:163, 167] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 64; ref. 14691] Tabakane-Sir and Tschibuk-Tschai, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (bergi) [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obscestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych i Rastenij. v. 4; ref. 1871] Akstapha [Akstafa] River, right tributary of Kura River, Azerbaijan. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater

Species Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, in Banarescu et al., 1978) - Araxes stone loach (author) [=Orthrias angorae araxensis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978:259, Fig. 2; Pl. 20 (figs. 1-4)] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Kandili Karassu, upper Araxes basin, eastern Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847) - Aleppo stone loach (author) [=Cobitis argyrogramma Heckel [J. J.], 1847:239, Pl. 18 (fig. 3), Noemacheilus insignis euphraticus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:175, Pl. 7 (figs. 11-12), Noemacheilus tschaiyssuensis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:177, Pl. 8 (fig. 13)] Notes: [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Aleppo, Syria. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater. (tschaiyssuensis) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 61; ref. 217] Çayı Su [Tchaiy-su], between Keyson (37°30'N, 37°50'E) and Gaziantep (37°00'N, 37°30'E), Euphrates basin, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey: endemic to central Euphrates basin; probably now extinct. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus atili Erk'akan, 2012 - Eflatun stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus atili Erk'akan [F.], 2012:99, Fig. 3-4] Notes: [Research Journal of Biological Sciences v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 32281] Eflatun pinari-Beysehir Lake, 37°49'30.95"N, 31°40'29.08"E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus atili Erk'akan, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eflatun pinari, Beysehir Lake, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro, 1982) - Devrekani stone loach (author) [=Orthrias brandti banarescui Delmastro [G. B.], 1982:53, Fig. 1] Notes: [Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale No. 3; ref. 8988] Devrekani creek near Devrekani, Anatolia, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin, 1934) - Kisum stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bergianus Derjavin [A. N.], 1934:109, Fig. 8] Notes: [Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo otdela Zakavkazskogo filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii v. 7; ref. 19591] Kisum village, Shah-rud River, Safid Rud basin, Iran. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin, 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877) - Kura loach [=Nemachilus brandtii Kessler [K. T.], 1877:174, Pl. 6 (fig. 23), Nemacheilus brandtii gibbusnazus Elanidze [R. F.], 1983] Notes: [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Upper Kura River at Tbilis, Georgia, Eurasia. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Georgia, Eurasia; Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (gibbusnazus) [Ichthyofauna of Georgia [Eurasia]; ref. 31784] Upper reachesof Alazani River at Alvani Village, Left bank tributaary of Kura River basin, Georgia [Eurasia]. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky, 1928) - Struma stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bureschi Drensky [P.], 1928:160, Fig. 1, Orthrias brandti macedonicus Ŝorić [V. M.], 1999:83, Fig. 1] Notes: [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 1; ref. 15891] Bezirk Radomir and a tributary of the Struma River in Bezirk Küstendil and Dupniza, Bulgaria. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky, 1928). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Aegean Sea watershed: Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (macedonicus) [Ichthyologia v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 28225] Doŝnica Brook, near Demir Kapija, Vardar River System, Republic of Macedonia. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky, 1828). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Yalak stone loach (author) [=Schistura ceyhanensis Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:80, Fig. 10] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Yalak Village-Elbistan-Khramanmaras, 38°39'N, 36°37'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar et al., 2014 - Baneh stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar [B. B.], Prokofiev [A. M.], Ghaderi [E.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2014:46, Fig. 5] Notes: [Zootaxa 3755 (no. 1); ref. 33140] Baneh River, (Korhe-Pazi sta. 8), Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 36°01'03"N, 45°55'20"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Baneh River, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Kutahya stone loach (author) [=Barbatula cinica Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:73, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Road of Kütahya to Denizli, Cin Stream, 39°40'N, 29°30"E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cin Stream, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg, 1910) - Goli stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus tigris cyri Berg [L. S.], 1910:170] Notes: [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk v. 15; ref. 19593] Upper reaches of the Kura River (Göli depression), near Okam village, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg, 1910). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986) - Ercis stone loach (author) [=Orthrias angorae ercisianus Erk'akan [F.] & Kuru [M.], 1986:161, Fig. 1a, Nemacheilus pulsiz Krupp [F.], 1992:291, Fig. 1] Notes: [Doga Turk Biyoloji Dergisi. v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 21167] Ercis stream, Lake Van basin, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (pulsiz) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 89; ref. 20207] Lake Van drainage basin, road from Erçis to Patnos, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Murat stone loach (author) [=Barbatula erdali Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:78, Fig. 8] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Murat River-Agri, 39°40'N, 43°44'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, in Banarescu et al., 1978) - Eregli stone loach (author) [=Orthrias angorae eregliensis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978:258, Fig. 1] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Eregli, southwestern central Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1964) - Euphrates stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus insignis euphraticus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:175, Pl. 7 (figs. 11-12), Oxynoemacheilus freyhofi Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Eagderi [S.] & Hosseinpour [T.], 2016:95, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 61; ref. 217] Euphrates (Firat Nehri) Basin, Malatya, eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Euphrates River and Tigris River drainages, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (freyhofi) [FishTaxa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 34789] Roudbar River, tributary of Bakhtiyari River, near Kazem Abad village, Lorstan province, Iran, 33°08'17.8"N, 49°40'43.9"E. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Tekir stone loach (author) [=Schistura evreni Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:82, Fig. 12] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Tekir Stream, Göksu Basin, 38°39'N, 36°37'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) - frenata stone loach (author) [=Cobitis frenata Heckel [J. J.], 1843:1086 [96], Nemachilus frenatus afrenatus Battalgil [F.], 1941:183] Notes: [Ichthyologie [von Syrien].. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Euphrates and Tigris watersheds, Turkey and Iraq. Habitat: freshwater. (afrenatus) [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Small creek at Diyarbakir, tributary of the Tigris River, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus (Gunther, 1864) - Galilee stone loach (author) [=Cobitis galilaea Günther [A.], 1864:493] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 3); ref. 13931] Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus (Günther, 1864). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hulwh Lake, Jordan River basin, Israel. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus germencica (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Aydin stone loach (author) [=Barbatula germencica Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:70, Fig. 2] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Aydin, Germencik, 15th kilometer, 37°38'N, 27°18'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof & Abdullah, 2017 - Zalm stone loach (author) [=Oxcynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof [J.] & Abdullah [Y. S.], 2017:74, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Zootaxa 4238 (no. 1); ref. 35169] Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, Iraq, 35°18'23"N, 45°58'14"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof & Abdullah, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan, Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider, 1991) - Hamwi stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus hamwii Krupp [F.] & Schneider [W.], 1991:24, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 71 (nos 1/3); ref. 18977] Nahr Afrin in Afrin, Syria, 36°31'N, 36°52'E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider, 1991). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Syria. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof & Abdullah, 2017 - Sirwan stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof [J.] & Abdullah [Y. S.], 2017:79, Figs. 6-10] Notes: [Zootaxa 4238 (no. 1); ref. 35169] Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, Iraq, 35°18'23"N, 45°58'14"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof & Abdullah, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan, Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus hazarensis Freyhof & Ozulug, 2017 - Hazar stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus hazarensis Freyhof [J.] & Özuluğ [M.], 2017:379, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 4); ref. 35216] North-eastern shore of Lake Hazar, Elazığ province, Turkey, 38°28.398'N, 39°18.093'E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hazarensis Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Hazar, Upper Tigris drainage, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843) - insignis stone loach (author) [=Cobitis insignis Heckel [J. J.], 1843:1087 [97], Orthrias dori Goren [M.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren, 1982:12, Figs. 9-13, Orthrias israeliticus Goren [M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren, 1982:19, Figs. 19-23, Noemacheilus angorae jordanicus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:329, Fig. 1; Pl. 5 (fig. 1), Noemacheilus insignis tortonesei Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:331, Figs. 2-3; Pl. 4 (figs. 2-4), Orthrias pantheroides Goren [M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren, 1982:16, Fig. 14-18; Pl. 2 (figs. 9-10)] Notes: [Ichthyologie [von Syrien].. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Damascus, Syria. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Syria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (dori) [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 31 (nos 1-2); ref. 174] Northern Malqoah [Nahal Malkoah], Bet-She'an Valley, Israel, about 32°25'N, 35°30'E, Jordan River system. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (israeliticus) [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 31 (nos 1-2); ref. 174] Ein Rewaya, Bet-She'an Valley, Israel, 32°28'N, 35°28'E, Jordan River system. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (jordanicus) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 63; ref. 8005] Wadi Kufrinja, east shore of Jordan, about 1.5 kilometers before river mouth, 32°16'N, 35°34'E. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tortonesei) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 63; ref. 8005] Wadi-Umm ad-Dananir Spring, tributary of Zerqua River, about 25 kilometers north of Amman, Jordan, about 32°04'N, 35°50'E. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (patheroides) [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 31 (nos 1-2); ref. 174] Tanuria Springs, Golan Heights, Israel, 32°58'N, 35°48'E, Jordan River system. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus karunensis Freyhof, 2016 - Gamasiab River stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus karunensis Freyhof [J.], 2016:94, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Zootaxa 4175 (no. 1); ref. 34815] Gamasiab River at Do Ab, Hamadan province, Iran, 34°22'20.76"N, 47°55'00.1"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus karunensis Freyhof, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Persian Gulf basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki (Erk'akan et al., 2008) - Goksu stone loach (author) [=Oxynemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2008:115, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29859] Goksu River, Nurhak, Elbistan, Firat basin, 37°53'22.82'N, 37°22'19.99"E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Goksu River, Firat River basin drainage, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof et al., 2017 - Kesan stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof [J.], Kaya [C.] & Turan [D.], 2017:552, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4258 (no. 6); ref. 35290] Stream Kesan about 1 km south of Güntepe, Bitlis province, Turkey, 38°21'24''N, 42°37'39''E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya & Turan, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Tigris River basin, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour et al., 2011 - Dehnoo stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour [K.], Abdoli [A.] & Freyhof [J.], 2011:202, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 3) [for Sept.]; ref. 31693] Stream Dehnoo, 3 km west of Nahavand on road from Nahavand to Sarab-e-Gamasiab, 34°10'N, 48°24'E, Hamadan Province, Iran. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour, Abdoli & Freyhof, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karkheh River drainage, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi (Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986) - Yildiz stone loach (author) [=Orthrias angorae kosswigi Erk'akan [F.] & Kuru [M.], 1986:160] Notes: [Doga Turk Biyoloji Dergisi. v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 21167] Yildiz çayi, Yildizeli, Sivas, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi (Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar et al., 2014 - Choman stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar [B. B.], Prokofiev [A. M.], Ghaderi [E.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2014:38, Fig. 3] Notes: [Zootaxa 3755 (no. 1); ref. 33140] Choman River (Tajaban, sta. 6) Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 35°56'53"N, 45°41'40"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Choman River, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov, 1962) - Lenkoran stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus angorae lenkoranensis Abdurakhmanov [Y. A.], 1962:285, Fig. 50, Nemacheilus angorae alasanicus Elanidze [R. F.], 1983] Notes: [Freshwater fishes off Azerbaijan; ref. 21165] Lenkoran, Azerbaijan. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov, 1962). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Azerbaijan. Habitat: freshwater. (alasanicus) [Ichthyofauna of Georgia [Eurasia]; ref. 31784] Upper reaches of Alazani River at Alvani village, left bank tributary of the Kura River, Georgia (Eurasia). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov, 1962). Nemacheilidae.

Species Oxynoemacheilus leontinae (Lortet, 1883) - leontinae stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus leontinae Lortet [L.], 1883:171, Pl. 18 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon v. 3; ref. 14341] Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus leontinae (Lortet, 1883). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Israel. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus longipinnis (Coad & Nalbant, 2005) - Meymeh River stone loach (author) [=Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad [B. W.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2005:304, Figs. 1, 3] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 48; ref. 28672] Meymeh River (formerly tributary of Tigris River), Tigris-Euphrates drainage, 17 kilometers west of Dehloran City, about 21 kilometers east of Iraqi border, 32°45'30"N, 47°05'30"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus longipinnis (Coad & Nalbant, 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Meymeh River drainage, Tigris River basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Egirdir stone loach (author) [=Barbatula mediterraneus Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:74, Fig. 5] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Egirdir, Çandir, Aksu Stream, 37°38'N, 30°31'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus merga (Krynicki, in Nordmann, 1840) - Krynicki's stone loach [=Cobitis merga Krynicki [J.], in Nordmann, 1840:470, Nemacheilus terekensis Gratzianov [V. J.], 1907:163, 167] Notes: [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Rivière Podcoumok, près de Paitigorsk [Podkumok ve Pyatigorska, north Caucases]. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus merga (Krynicki, 1840). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater. (terekensis) [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obscestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych i Rastenij. v. 4; ref. 1871] Terek River at Vladikavkas, North Osetia-Alanya, southern Russia. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus merga (Krynicki, 1840). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus mesudae Erk'akan, 2012 - Dinar stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus mesudae Erk'akan [F.], 2012:98, Fig. 1-2] Notes: [Research Journal of Biological Sciences v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 32281] Buyuk Menderes river, Dinar, Civril, 38°07'366"N, 30°05'723"E, western Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus mesudae Erk'akan, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp & Schneider, 1991) - Orontes stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus namiri Krupp [F.] & Schneider [W.], 1991:28, Figs. 7-13] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 71 (nos 1/3); ref. 18977] Orontes at Jisr ash-Shughur, Syria, 35°48'N, 36°19'E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp & Schneider, 1991). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus oxianus (Kessler, 1877) - Amu-Darya stone loach [=Nemacheilus brandtii var. oxiana Kessler [K. T.], 1877:177, Nemacheilus flavus Berg [L. S.], 1905:193, Pl. 6 (figs. 3-5), Nemachilus oxianus natio zeravschani Turdakov [F. A.], 1936:199] Notes: [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus oxianus (Kessler, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater. (flavus) [Izviestii Turkestanskago otdiela Russkago geograficheskago obschchestva v. 4; ref. 15338] Lower Amu Darya River and Upper Syr Darya River, Turkmenistan. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus oxianus (Kessler, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (zeravschani) [Trudy Uzbekskogo Universiteta v. 7; ref. 21172] Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus oxianus (Kessler, 1877). Nemacheilidae.

Species Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843) - panthera stone loach (author) [=Cobitis panthera Heckel [J. J.], 1843:1087 [97], Cobitis leopardus Heckel [J. J.], 1843:1089 [99]] Notes: [Ichthyologie [von Syrien].. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Damascus, Syria. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Syria. Habitat: freshwater. (leopardus) [Ichthyologie [von Syrien].. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Barada River, Damascus, Syria. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus parvinae Sayyadzadeh et al., 2016 - Javanrud stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus parvinae Sayyadzadeh [G.], Eagderi [S.] & Esmaeili [H. R.], 2016:238, Figs. 2-10] Notes: [Iranian Journal of Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 34976] Javanrud city, at Sharvineh village, Leilehrud (Leileh River), a tributary of Sirvan River drainage, Tigris basin, Kermanshah Province, Iran, 34°49'37.9"N, 46°21'30.0"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus parvinae Sayyadzadeh, Eagderi & Esmaeili, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sirvan River drainage, Tigris river basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Sivas stone loach (author) [=Barbatula paucilepis Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:79, Fig. 9] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Sivas, Mancilik Stream, Gürün, 38°39'N, 37°38'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1847) - persa stone loach (author) [=Cobitis persa Heckel [J. J.], 1847:266, Orthrias farsicus Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:111, Fig. 6] Notes: [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Springs at Persepolis, Iran. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1847). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (farsicus) [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] River Kor near Persepolis, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1847). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Iznik stone loach (author) [=Barbatula phoxinoides Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:75, Fig. 6] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Iznik, 40°41'N, 29°30'S, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus pindus (Economidis, 2005) - pindus stone loach (author) [=Barbatula pindus Economidis [P. S.], 2005:67, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 28213] Stream Sarantaporos near village Drosopygi, Aoos drainage, Epiros, Greece. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus pindus (Economidis, 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Albania and Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus samanticus (Banarescu & Nalbant, in Banarescu et al., 1978) - Samanti stone loach (author) [=Orthrias brandti samantica Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978:263, Fig. 4] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Tributary to Samanti, between Pinarbsi and Sarizi, Seyhan basin, southern Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus samanticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Banarescu, 1968) - Seyan stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus (Paracobitis) tigris seyhanensis Bănărescu [P. M.], 1968:355, Pl. 3 (figs. 2-3)] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 16001] Between Viransehir and Kazancik, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Bănărescu, 1968). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus seyhanicola (Erk'akan et al., 2007) - Adana stone loach (author) [=Schistura seyhanicola Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:81, Fig. 11] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Dam Bridge, near Adana, Seyhan River basin, 38°39'N, 36°37'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus seyhanicola (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus simavicus (Balik & Banarescu, in Banarescu et al., 1978) - Simav stone loach (author) [=Orthrias brandti simavica Balik [S.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978:261, Fig. 3] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Simav stream, Balikesir. Turkey. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus simavicus (Balik & Bănărescu, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi et al., 2006 - Lesbos stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi [M. Th.], Kottelat [M.] & Barbieri [R.], 2006:140, Figs. 8-9, Barbatula bergamensis Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:71, Fig. 3], Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 28767] Lesbos Island, Tsingou springs, in Evergetoulas drainage, Greece. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Greece and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (bergamensis) [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Bergama, Kozak (Madra) Creek, 39°40'N, 27°28'E, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843) - Kuiek stone loach (author) [=Cobitis tigris Heckel [J. J.], 1843:1088 [98]] Notes: [Ichthyologie [von Syrien].. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Kuiek River near Aleppo, Syria. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Syria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998) - Kul stone loach (author) [=Seminemacheilus tongiorgii Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:113, Figs. 11 A-D] Notes: [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] Large water spring near Darab town, Kul River basin, Iran. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus zagrosensis Kamangar et al., 2014 - Shooei stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus zagrosensis Kamangar [B. B.], Prokofiev [A. M.], Ghaderi [E.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2014:43, Fig. 4] Notes: [Zootaxa 3755 (no. 1); ref. 33140] Shooei River (Jemli, sta. 9), Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 35°58'01"N, 45°42'43"E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus zagrosensis Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shooei River, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof & Geiger, 2017 - Kunamasi stone loach (author) [=Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof [J.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2017:261, Figs. 3-7] Notes: [Zootaxa 4273 (no. 2); ref. 35343] Stream Kunamasi in Sevanja, Iraq, 35°47.35'N, 45°24.18'E. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof & Geiger, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lesser Zab drainage, Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007 - zipper loaches [=Paracanthocobitis (subgenus of Acanthocobitis) Grant [S.], 2007:3] Notes: [ref. 29366]. Fem. Cobitis zonalternans Blyth, 1860. Type by original designation. Grant included one species in Paracanthocobitis but stated that, " ... all the species listed as valid by Kottelat (1990) under Acanthocobitis appear to fall into the subgenus Paracanthocobitis." •Synonym of Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861, but a questionable subgenus Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007 -- (with remarks that the subgenus is not available, Kottelat 2012:51 [ref. 31992], Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Acanthocobitis Peters, 1961, but a valid subgenus Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007 -- (Singer & Page 2015:378, 380 [ref. 33823]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007. Nemacheilidae.

Species Paracanthocobitis abutwebi Singer & Page, 2015 - hillstream zipper loach [=Paracanthocobitis abutwebi Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.] 2015:382, Fig. 8] Notes: [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Meghna basin, Sylhet, Rangapani Khal (creek), 6.4 km NNW Jaintiapur on Sylhet-Shillong Highway, Bangladesh, 25.14N, 92.056E. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis abutwebi Singer & Page 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Meghna River, Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis adelaideae Singer & Page, 2015 - checkerboard zipper loach [=Paracanthocobitis adelaideae Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.] 2015:384, Fig. 9] Notes: [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Irrawaddy basin, Kha Wan, Kha Wan stream, Myanmar, 25.086N, 96.97E. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis adelaideae Singer & Page 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis aurea (Day, 1872) - barred zipper loach [=Nemacheilus aureus Day [F.], 1872:184] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1-4); ref. 14133] Narmada River, Jabbalpúr [Jabbalpúr], India. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis aurea (Day, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Narmada River, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822) - mottled zipper loach [=Cobitis botia Hamilton [F.], 1822:350, 394, Cobitis arenata Valenciennes [A.], in Jacquemont, 1840:no p., Pl. 15 (fig. 1), Cobitis (Acoura) argentata Swainson [W.], 1839:310, Cobitis bilturio Hamilton [F.], 1822:358, 395, Cobitis bimucronata McClelland [J.], 1839:304, 435, Pl. 51 (fig. 4), Cobitis gibbosa McClelland [J.], 1839:304, 436, Pl. 52 (fig. 7b), Cobitis monocera McClelland [J.], 1839:305, 438, Pl. 52 (fig. 2), Cobitis ocellata McClelland [J.], 1839:304, 436, Pl. 51 (fig. 6), Cobitis turio Hamilton [F.], 1822:358, 395, Canthrophrys (Somileptes) unispina Swainson [W.], 1839:311] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Northeastern Bengal [Brahmapatra Riber, Goalpara, India on Hora 1929].

Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia: Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand and Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater. (arenata) [Voyage dans l'Inde pendant les années 1828 à 1832; ref. 17872] India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (argentata) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Brahamputra River at Goalpara, India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (bilturio) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara], India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (bimucronata) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Northeastern Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (gibbosa) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara], India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (monocera) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ocellata) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara], India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (turio) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Brahmaputra River at Goalpara, India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (unispina) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis canicula Singer & Page, 2015 - houndstooth zipper loach [=Paracanthocobitis canicula Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.], 2015:389, Fig. 13] Notes: [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Mekong basin, O Kap at ford on Highway 197, 7 km S of Sasane River, trib. of Mekong River, Cambodia, 13.872N, 107.297E. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis canicula Singer & Page, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong basin, Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis linypha Singer & Page, 2015 - sewing needle zipper loach [=Paracanthocobitis linypha Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.], 2015:390, Fig. 14] Notes: [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Kha Wan, Kha Wan stream, Myanmar, 25.086N, 96.97E. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis linypha Singer & Page, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy and Sittang basins, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis mackenziei (Chaudhuri, 1910) - robust zipper loach [=Nemachilus mackenziei Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1910:183] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 5 (pt 3); ref. 14433] Northern India (several localities). Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis mackenziei (Chaudhuri, 1910). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis maekhlongensis Singer & Page, 2015 - Maekhlong zipper loach [=Paracanthocobitis maekhlongensis Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.], 2015:392, Figs. 6, 16] Notes: [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Kanchanaburi Province, Thong Pha Phum, Ban Rai, NW Huai Khayeng, close to SW side of reservoir, off road 327, Thailand, 14°41'25"N, 98°31'16"E. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis maekhlongensis Singer & Page, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Khlong River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948) - Mandalay zipper loach [=Nemacheilus rubidpinnis mandalayensis Rendahl [H.], 1948:21] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Mandalay, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes, 1839) - Maharashtra zipper loach [=Cobitis mooreh Sykes [W. H.], 1839:162, Nemacheilus sinuatus Day [F.], 1870:371 [3]] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6) (for 27 Nov. 1838); ref. 18720] Deccan [Mota Mola River at Poona], India. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western and southern India. Habitat: freshwater. (sinuatus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870 (pt 2) (art. 3) (for 26 May 1870); ref. 17369] Wynaad, India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes, 1839). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis pictilis (Kottelat, 2012) - Ataran zipper loach [=Acanthocobitis pictilis Kottelat [M.], 2012:45, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3327; ref. 31992] Stream 'Chon Son' between Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of Payathouzu (at border with Thailand near Chedi Sam Ong, Three Pagoda Pass), ca. 15°25'N, 98°15'E, Kayin State, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis pictilis (Kottelat, 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis rubidipinnis (Blyth, 1860) - cherryfin zipper loach [=Cobitis rubidipinnis Blyth [E.], 1860:170, Cobitis semizonata Blyth [E.], 1860:171] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Rangoon (or possibly Mandalay), Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis rubidipinnis (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. (semizonata) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Rangoon (possibly Mandalay), Myanmar. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis rubidipinnis (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis urophthalmus (Gunther, 1868) - banded mountain zipper loach [=Nemachilus urophthalmus Günther [A.], 1868:348] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Southern Sri Lanka. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis urophthalma (Günther, 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860) - dwarf zipper loach [=Cobitis zonalternans Blyth [E.], 1860:172, Cobitis chlorosoma McClelland [J.], 1839:305, 437, Pl. 52 (fig. 3), Noemacheilus phuketensis Klausewitz [W.], 1957:195, Fig. 1; Pl. 18 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Huai Mae Charno, 4 kilometers south of Amphoe Mae Ramat on road 1085, 16°58'N, 98°34'E, Tak Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northeastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand and Malay Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater. (chlorosoma) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (phuketensis) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 38 (nos 3/4); ref. 12152] Phuket Island, off the west coast of the south peninsula, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 - stone loaches [=Paracobitis Bleeker [P.], 1863:37, Adiposia Annandale [N.] & Hora [S. L.], 1920:182, Pseudodon Kessler [K. T.], 1874:40] Notes: [ref. 400]. Fem. Cobitis malapterura Valenciennes, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Also in Bleeker 1863 (after 24 Oct.):3 [ref. 4859] and possibly other Bleeker papers. •Valid as Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 -- (Bănărescu et al. 1982:3 [ref. 174], Zhu 1989:31 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:139 [ref. 21205], Zhou & He 1993:5 [ref. 21971], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:49 [ref. 23556], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:114 [ref. 23810], Proudlove 2006:104 [ref. 28992], Ran et al. 2006:81 [ref. 28951], Li et al. 2006:1 [ref. 29056], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2009:886 [ref. 30604], Min et al. 2010:199 [ref. 30726], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Zhao et al. 2011 [ref. 31493], Gu & Zhang 2011:xx [ref. 31632], Freyhof et al. 2012:306 [ref. 31752] as revised, Min et al. 2012:79 [ref. 32392], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Kamangar et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33140]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae. (Adiposia) [ref. 128]. Fem. Nemachilus macmahoni Chaudhuri, 1909. Type by original designation. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 -- (Zhu 1989:31 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:886 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae. (Pseudodon) [ref. 2596]. Masc. Cobitis longicauda Kessler, 1872. Type by monotypy. Original not translated. Preoccupied by Pseudodon Gould, 1845 in Mollusca; not replaced. •Synonym of Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 -- (Zhu 1989:31 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:886 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863. Nemacheilidae.

Species Paracobitis atrakensis Esmaeili et al., 2014 - Atrak stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis atrakensis Esmaeili [H. R.], Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Vatandoust [S.], & Freyhof [J.], 2014:238] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 33625] Atrak and Bidvaz River, northeastern Iran. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis atrakensis Esmaeili, Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Vatandoust & Freyhof, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Atrak and Bidvaz River, northeastern Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis basharensis Freyhof et al., 2014 - Bashar stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis basharensis Freyhof [J.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Geiger [M.], 2014:23, Figs. 13-14] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33505] Bashar River at Dehno, 30°38.42.6"N, 51°37'14.26"E, Iranian Tigris catchment, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis basharensis Freihof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bashar River, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis ghazniensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966) - Ghazni stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus ghazniensis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:162, Fig. 7; Pl. 20 (figs. 4-5)] Notes: [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 129; ref. 218] Ghazni River at Ghazni [33°33'N, 68°26'E],tributary of Ab-i-Istadah Lake, Helmand drainage, East Afrighanistan. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis ghazniensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afghanistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis hircanica Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2015 - Golestan stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis hircanica Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Eagderi [S.], Patimar [R.] & Freyhof [J.], 2015:340, Figs. 2-6] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 4); ref. 33774] Golestan province, Zarrin-Gol stream, a tributary of Gordan River, 36°50'39"N, 54°58'24"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis hircanica Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili, Eagderi, Patimar & Freyhof, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis longicauda (Kessler, 1872) - Eastern crested loach [=Cobitis longicauda Kessler [K. T.], 1872:65 [21], Pl. 11 (figs. 30-31)] Notes: [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Ak-Darya River, Uzbekistan. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis longicauda (Kessler, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uzbekistan, Iran and adjacent aras. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - Western crested loach [=Cobitis malapterura Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:88, Pl. 523, Paracobitis iranica Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:114, Figs. 13 A-D] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Sent from Syria. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Euphrates and Tigris river basins: Syria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. (iranica) [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] River Qom near the town of Qom, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis molavii Freyhof et al., 2014 - Sulaymaniyah stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis molavii Freyhof [J.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Geiger [M.], 2014:25, Figs. 15-18] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33505] Sulaymaniyah Province, Zalm at Khurmal, 35°18.38'N, 45°58.26'E, Iraq. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran and Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis persa Freyhof et al., 2014 - Fars stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis persa Freyhof [J.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Geiger [M.], 2014:29, Figs. 19-22] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33505] Fars Province, Maloosjan spring east of Beiza, Kor basin, 29°52'23"N, 52°27'37"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis persa Freihof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kor drainage, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis rhadinaeus (Regan, 1906) - Helmand stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus rhadinaeus Regan [C. T.], 1906:8, Nemachilus macmahoni Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1910:341] Notes: [Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series) v. 2 (no. 1) (art. 2); ref. 15704] Helmand River basin, Seistan, Afghanistan. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis rhadinaeus (Regan, 1906). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afghanistan. Habitat: freshwater. (macmahoni) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 14432] Affluents of Helmand River, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Paracobitis rhadinaeus (Regan, 1906). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis vignai Nalbant & Bianco, 1998 - Vigna's stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis vignai Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:115, Figs. 14 A-D] Notes: [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] Seistan, Zabol, Nahr-Taheri, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis vignai Nalbant & Bianco, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freihof et al., 2014 - Erbil stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freihof [J.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Geiger [M.], 2014:33, Figs. 23-26] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33505] Erbil Province, Chami Rean River near Ziraran, 36°56.60'N, 44°11.72'E, Iraq. Current status: Valid as Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freihof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chami Rean River, Great Zab River, Iraq. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983 - stone loaches [=Paranemachilus Zhu [S.-Q.], 1983:311 [313]] Notes: [ref. 6667]. Masc. Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983. Type by original designation (also monotypic). English summary on p. 313. The correct spelling of the genus is Paranemachilus; there was no inadvertent error in the original description. •Valid as Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983 -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:324 [ref. 14139] as Paranoemacheilus, Zhu 1989:10 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:20 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:455 [ref. 23187] as Paranemacheilus, Prokofiev 2004:157 [ref. 27665], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522] as Paranemacheilus, Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493] as Paranemacheilus, Kottelat 2012:100 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:24 [ref. 32910]). Current status: Valid as Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983. Nemacheilidae. Species Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983 - Changping stone loach (author) [=Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1983:311 [313], Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 6667] Subterranean river of Changping (ca. 22°42'N, 107°53'E), Fusui County, southern Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paranemachilus pingguoensis Gan, in Lan et al., 2013 - Guohua stone loach (author) [=Paranemachilus pingguoensis Gan [X.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:251, Figs. 18-19] Notes: [Cave Fishes of Guingxi, China; ref. 32910] Guohua Town, Pingguo County, Guangxi, 23.3°N, 107.3°E, China, elevation 274 meters. Current status: Valid as Paranemachilus pingguoensis Gan, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pingguo County, Guingxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009 - stone loaches [=Paraschistura Prokofiev [A. M.], 2009:891, Metaschistura Prokofiev [A. M.], 2009:892] Notes: [ref. 30604]. Fem. Nemacheilus sargadensis Nikolskii, 1900. Type by original designation. •Valid as Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009 -- (Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Conway et al. 2011:[11] [ref. 31594], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:101 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009. Nemacheilidae. (Metaschistura) [ref. 30604]. Fem. Nemachilus cristatus Berg, 1898. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Metaschistura Prokofiev, 2009 -- (Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:89 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009 -- (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:5 [ref. 34063]). Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009. Nemacheilidae.

Species Paraschistura abdolii Freyhof et al., 2015 - Kerman stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura abdolii Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:19, Figs. 19-23] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Kerman Province, Pol River at road between Rayen and Jiroft, Lut Basin, 29°21'06"N, 57°29'09"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura abdolii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sirjan basin and western tributaries of the Hamun-e Jaz Murian basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura alepidota (Mirza & Banarescu, in Mirza et al., 1970) - Madyan stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus rupecola alepidotus Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1970:55, Fig. 10] Notes: [Biologia (Lahore) v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 7761] Madyan River, Swat drainage, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura alepidota (Mirza & Bănărescu, 1970). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura alta (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998) - Helmand stone loach (author) [=Schistura alta Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:118, Fig. 21] Notes: [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] Helmand river drinage, northeast of Girisk, Kajkai, Afghanistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura alta (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afghanistan and Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura aredvii Freyhof et al., 2015 - Fars stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura aredvii Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:25, Figs. 24-28] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Fars Province, Sarab-e Bahram spring at Sarab-e Bahram, a tributary of Fahlian River, 30°02'48"N, 51°33'34"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura aredvii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Eskaeili & Geiger, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Zohreh River drainage, Fars, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii, 1900) - Kjagur stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus bampurensis Nikolskii [A. M.], 1900:414 [40], Nemachilus baluchiorum Zugmayer [E.], 1912:599] Notes: [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk v. 4; ref. 14731] Kjagur and Kashin [Kaekin] rivers, Bampur River near Bazman, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii, 1900). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (baluchiorum) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 60); ref. 14897] Panjgur, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii, 1900). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura cristata (Berg, 1898) - Tedzhen stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus cristatus Berg [L. S.], 1898:19 [5], Fig.] Notes: [Dnevn. Zool. Otdel. Obsh. Zool. Mus. v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 14676] Tedzhen River near Ashgabat [Askhabad], Turkmenistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura cristata (Berg, 1898). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura delvarii Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2015 - Mond River stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura delvarii Mousavi-Sabet [H.] & Eagderi [S.], 2015:299, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 65 (no. 3); ref. 34027] Upstream of Mond River, Persian Gulf basin, Fars province, Iran, 29°40'22"N, 52°08'57"E. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura delvarii Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mond River drainage, Persian Gulf basin, Fars province, southern Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura hormuzensis Freyhof et al., 2015 - Hormuzgan stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura hormuzensis Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:28, Figs 29-33] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Hormuzgan Province, Rudan River at Abnama bridge, a tributary of Minab River, 27°28'24"N, 57°15'14"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura hormuzensis Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Minab River, Makran basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust & Eagderi, 2015 - Ilam stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust [S.] & Eagderi [S.], 2015:178, Figs. 1-5, Paraschistura pasatigris Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:37, Figs. 42-47] Notes: [International Journal of Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 33819] Ilam Province, Spring at Siahgav, Tigris River drainage, Iran, 33°51'54"N, 47°42'02"E. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust & Eagderi, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Siahgav spring, Tigris River drainage, Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (pasatigris) [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Khozestan Province, Bala River (Balarud), at Dezful, a tributary of Dez River, 32°20'14"N, 48°17'14"E, Iran. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust & Eagderi, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bala River and Cholvar River, Iran, if valid. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura kessleri (Gunther, 1889) - Kessler's loach [=Nemachilus kessleri Günther [A.], 1889:109, Noemacheilus lindbergi haarlovi Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:176, Figs. 14-15; Pl. 21 (fig. 6), Nemacheilus sargadensis Nikolskii [A. M.], 1900:415 [41]] Notes: [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Series. Zoology v. 5 (pt 3); ref. 18207] Nushki, Pishin Lora River basin, Afganistan or Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura kessleri (Günther, 1889). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran, Afganistan and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater. (haarlovi) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 129; ref. 218] Pirzada, west of Kandahar, Helmand drainage, Afghanistan. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura kessleri (Günther, 1889). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (sargadensis) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 4; ref. 14731] Sij-Rischan [Zia Rishan] near Kuh-i-Tuftan volcano, Sargado [Sarhad region], eastern Iran. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura kessleri (Günther, 1889). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mashkid River basin, Iran (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura lepidocaulis (Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza et al., 1981) - Parachinar stone loach (author) [=Schistura kessleri lepidocaulis Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:110, Figs. 9-13] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Parachinar, basin of the Kurram River, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura lepidocaulis (Mirza & Nalbant, 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura lindbergi (Banarescu & Mirza, 1965) - Farah stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus lindbergi Bănărescu [P. M.] & Mirza [M. R.], 1965:265, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 46 (no. 4); ref. 9194] Rivulet connected to drainage of the Farah River, Siaw, between Farah and Dilaram, Afghanistan, elevation 780 meters. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura lindbergi (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1965). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan, Iran and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura microlabra (Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza et al., 1981) - Khyber stone loach (author) [=Schistura microlabra Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:126, Figs. 56-60] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Ali Masjid, Khyber Pass, Kabul River basin, northern Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura microlabra (Mirza & Nalbant, 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura naseeri (Ahmad & Mirza, 1963) - Naseer stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus punjabensis naseeri Ahmad [N. ud-D.] & Mirza [M. R.], 1963:78, Fig. 3] Notes: [Pakistan Journal of Science v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 3863] Madyan stream at Madyan, Swat Valley, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura naseeri (Ahmad & Mirza, 1963). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura naumanni Freyhof et al., 2015 - Golabi stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura naumanni Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:32, Figs. 34-41] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Fars Province, Golabi spring, about 35 km west of Darab, a tributary of Kol River, 28°47'15"N, 54°22'19"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura naumanni Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southern Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura nielseni (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998) - Shah Bazar stone loach (author) [=Schistura nielseni Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.], 1998:119, Figs. 22 A-C] Notes: [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] Shah Bazar, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura nielseni (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura prashari (Hora, 1933) - Kohat stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus prashari Hora [S. L.] 1933:189, Pl. 5 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 35 (pt 2); ref. 16493] A spring 300 yards north of Kohat City, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura prashari (Hora, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal, Pakistan and Afganistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura punjabensis (Hora, 1923) - Punjab stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus punjabensis Hora [S. L.], 1923:384, Figs. 2-3, Noemacheilus alepidotus nalbanti Bănărescu [P. M.] & Mirza [M. R.], 1972:121, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2), Noemacheilus sargadensis paludani Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:167, Figs. 9-10; Pl. 21 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 25 (pt 4); ref. 15408] Stream below Watta Hills, Salt Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura punjabensis (Hora 1923). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and India. Habitat: freshwater. (nalbanti) [Biologia (Lahore) v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 7602] Rawlakot [Rawalabot], Jehlum River basin, Azad Kashmir. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura punjabensis (Hora, 1923). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and Kashmir (in valid). Habitat: freshwater. (paludani) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 129; ref. 218] Small tributary of Pech River, Kabul River drainage, at Gusalek, northeastern Afghanistan. Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura punjabensis (Hora, 1923). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura susiani Freyhof et al., 2015 - Khozestan stone loach (author) [=Paraschistura susiani Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.], 2015:41, Figs. 48-52] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Khozestan Province, Zard River close to Rudzard village at road from Ramhormoz to Baghmalek, a tributary of Jarahi, 31°22'34"N, 49°43'11'E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura susiani Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Jarahi River drainage, Tigris River basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura turcmenica (Berg, 1932) - Cherokh stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus turcmenicus Berg [L. S.], 1932:149, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 98 (nos 5/6); ref. 16357] Kelte-chinar River [Cherokh River] near Gyaurs (37°47'N, 58°44'E), Turkmenistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura turcmenica (Berg, 1932). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraschistura turcomanus (Nikolskii, 1947) - Kushka stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus kessleri turcomanus Nikolskii [G. V.], 1947:32, Fig. 3] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société de las Naturalistes de Moscow, Section Biologique (n. s.) v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 12096] Kushka River near town of Kushka, Murgab River basin, Turkmenistan. Current status: Valid as Paraschistura turcomanus (Nikolskii, 1947). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Petruichthys Menon, 1987 - stone loaches [=Petruichthys (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:36, 181] Notes: [ref. 14149]. Masc. Nemachilus brevis Boulenger, 1893. Type by original designation (also monotypic). See Das 2003:367 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 -- (Kottelat 1990:21, 238 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:455 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:891 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Petruichthy Menon, 1987 -- (Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Petruichthys Menon, 1987. Nemacheilidae.

Species Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger, 1893) - Inle stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus brevis Boulenger [G. A.], 1893:203] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 12 (no. 69); ref. 14522] Inlé Lake, Fort Stedman, southern Shan States, Myanmar, elevation 3000 feet. Current status: Valid as Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger, 1893). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Petruichthys salmonides (Chaudhuri, 1911) - Mongpan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus salmonides Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1911:18, Pl. 1 (figs. 3, 3a)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 6 (pt 1); ref. 14785] Mongpan, southern Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Petruichthys salmonides (Chaudhuri, 1911). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Physoschistura Banarescu & Nalbant, in Singh et al., 1982 - stone loaches [=Physoschistura Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982:208] Notes: [ref. 4030]. Fem. Nemachilus brunneanus Annandale, 1918. Type by original designation. •Valid as Physoschistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982 -- (Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Kottelat 1990:20, 77 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:445 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Chen et al. 2011:179 [ref. 31359], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:5 [ref. 32001], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:230 [ref. 32098], Lokeshor & Vishwanath 2012:95 [ref. 32325], Lokeshor & Vishwanath 2012:249 [ref. 32336], Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Suvarnaraksha 2013:236 [ref. 32981], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Physoschistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982. Nemacheilidae.

Species Physoschistura absumbra Endruweit, 2017 - Nangunhe River stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura absumbra Endruweit [M.], 2017:379, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa 4263 (no. 2); ref. 35305] Nangunhe River, Banlao town, Cangyuan City, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, 23°10.932'N, 98°56.575'E, elevation 523 meters. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura absumbra Endruweit, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Salween basin, Yunnan province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale, 1918) - Inle stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus brunneanus Annandale [N.], 1918:44, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 14; ref. 127] Inlé Lake, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale, 1918). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Inlé Lake, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura chhimtuipuiensis Lalramliana et al., 2016 - Ngengpui River stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura chhimtuipuiensis Lalramliana, Lalhlimpuia [D. V.], Solo [B.] & Vanramliana, 2016:193, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4173 (no. 2); ref. 34795] Ngengpui River, a tributary of Kaladan River, in the vicinity of Khawmawi, Lunglei district, Mizoram, India, 22°31'18"N, 92°46'27"E. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura chhimtuipuiensis Lalramliana, Lalhlimpuia, Solo & Vanramliana, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kaladan River drainage, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012 - Chinwin stone loach (author) [=Physochistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2012:231, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 59 (no. 3); ref. 32098] Lokchao [as Loakchao on p. 232] River at Moreh, 24°15'03"N, 94°17'59"E, Chinwin basin, Manipur, India, elevation 212 meters. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lokchao River, Chinwin basin, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2013 - Huay stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha [A.], 2013:237, Figs. 1-3, 4-5] Notes: [Zootaxa 3736 (no. 3); ref. 32981] Huay Maetalanoi, Ban Maetala, T. Maedaed, Maechaen District, near a village, 18°55'35.43"N, 98°22'45.63"E, tributary of Ping River, northern Chaophraya River basin, Naechaem District, Chiangmai Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Maechaem River, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura dikrongensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012 - Dikarong stone loach (author) [=Physochistura dikrongensis Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2012:250, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32336] Arunachal Pradesh: from Dikarong river at Doimukh (Brahmaputra basin); 27°08'19"N, 93°44'51"E, India, elevation 120 meters. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura dikrongensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant, in Singh et al., 1982 - Barapani stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura elongata Sen [N.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982:210, Figs. 17-20] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 23 (for 1981); ref. 4030] Barapani, near Shillong, Meghalaya (Brahmaputra basin), India. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant, 1982. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Meghalaya, Brahmaputra basin, India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura prashadi (Hora, 1921) - Naga Hills stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus prashadi Hora [S. L.], 1921:203, Pl. 10 (figs. 2, 2a)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Thoubal and Sikmai stream, southern watershed of the Naga Hills, India. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura prashadi (Hora, 1921). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy basin, India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1990 - false brunneana stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat [M.], 1990:81, Figs. 49-50] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Lao at kilometers 62 and 65 along road from Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Mekong River basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong drainage, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura raoi (Hora, 1929) - Rao's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus raoe Hora [S. L.], 1929:332, Pl. 15 (figs. 7-8)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Mongyai, 22°26'N, 98°03'E, northern Shan States, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura raoi (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Salween drainage, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora, 1929) - He-Ho stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus rivulicola Hora [S. L.], 1929:324, Pl. 15 (figs. 3-4)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] He-Ho plain, southern Shan States, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Salween drainage, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura shanensis (Hora, 1929) - Thale-u stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus shanensis Hora [S. L.], 1929:322, Pl. 15 (figs. 5-6)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Thale-ú Stream near Fort Stedman (eastern shore of Inlé Lake), southern Shan States, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura shanensis (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Inlé Lake, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura shuangjiangensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985) - Xiaoheijiang River stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus shuangjiangensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:215 [220], Figs. 18-23] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Xiaoheijiang River, tributary of the Lancangjiang River, 23°20'N, 99°50'E, Shuangjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura shuangjiangensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Mekong basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura tigrina Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012 - Phungrei stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura tigrinum Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2012:97, Fig. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32325] Phungrei, Changa River (the Chindwin drainage); 25°12´26˝N, 94°31´35˝E, Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura tigrina Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Physoschistura tuivaiensis Lokeshwor et al., 2012 - Tuiva stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura tuivaiensis Lokeshwor [Y.], Vishwanath [W.] & Shanta [K.], 2012:6, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Taprobanica v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 32001] Tuiva River at Likhailok, 24°04'41"N, 93°33'67"E, Brahmaputra River basin, Churchandpur district, Manipur, India, elevelation 635 meters. Current status: Valid as Physoschistura tuivaiensis Lokeshwor, Vishwanath & Shanta, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tuiva River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990 - stone loaches [=Protonemacheilus Yang [J.-X.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1990:109] Notes: [ref. 16187]. Masc. Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled once as Protenemacheilus, obviously in error. •Valid as Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990 -- (Prokofiev 2004:156 [ref. 27665], Prokofiev 2010:890 [ref. 31096], Kottelat et al. 2012:103 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990. Nemacheilidae.

Species Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990 - Luxi stone loach (author) [=Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang [J.-X.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1990:110 (English p. 114), Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 16187] Luxi County, Yunnan Province, China, 24°30'N, 98°37'E. Current status: Valid as Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Slechtova 2011 - stone loaches [=Pteronemacheilus Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2011:5] Notes: [ref. 31362]. Masc. Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011. Type by original designation. •Valid as Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Slechtová, 2011 -- (Kottelat et al. 2012:103 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011. Nemacheilidae.

Species Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Slechtova, 2011 - Nam Paw stone loach (author) [=Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2011:6, Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31362] Stream Nam Paw west of Hsipaw city, 22°37'37"N, 97°17'19"E, Shan State, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Paw stream at Hsipaw, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pteronemacheilus meridionalis (Zhu, 1982) - Menglun stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus meridionalis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:108 [111], Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Small stream near Menglun, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Pteronemacheilus meridionalis (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin in northern Laos and Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981 - stone loaches [=Qinghaichthys (subgenus of Triplophysa) Zhu [S.-Q.], 1981:1063] Notes: [ref. 4840]. Masc. Nemachilus alticeps Herzenstein, 1888. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Mention -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:452 [ref. 23187] as Quinghaichthys). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Zhu 1989:69 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Prokofiev 2006:598 [ref. 28811] but possibly valid, Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096] as a valid subgenus). •Valid as Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981 -- (Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Kottelat et al. 2012:103 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981. Nemacheilidae.

Species Qinghaichthys alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888) - Zaidam stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus alticeps Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:28, Pl. 6 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Fontes Zaidam [Tsaidam or Quaidam] oriental, China. Current status: Valid as Qinghaichthys alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Quaidam and Quighai drainages, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Qinghaichthys rotundiventris (Wu & Chen, 1979) - Jiegu He stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus rotundiventris Wu [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.], 1979:292 [English p. 296], Fig. 3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 8390] Jiegu He, tributary of the upper Jinsha Jiang, Yushu, Qinghai, China. Current status: Valid as Qinghaichthys rotundiventris (Wu & Chen, 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Qinghaichthys zaidamensis (Kessler, 1876) - Tsaidam stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus zaidamensis Kessler [K. T.], 1876:34] Notes: [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Tsaidam region, Quinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Qinghaichthys zaidamensis (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Qinghaichthys zamegacephalus (Zhao, 1985) - Bachu stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus zamegacephalus Zhao [T.-Q.], 1985:53 [English p. 56], Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 6 (pt 4, suppl.); ref. 21204] Xiaohaizi, a small lake at Zubashi, about 39°30'N, 78°40'E, Bachu, south of Xinjiang, China. Current status: Valid as Qinghaichthys zamegacephala (Zhao, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Gaize River system, Xinjiang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sasanidus Freyhof et al., 2016 - loaches [=Sasanidus Freyhof [J.], Geiger [M. F.], Golzarianpour [K.] & Patimar [R.], 2016:70] Notes: [ref. 34414]. Masc. Noemacheilus kermanshahensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Sasanidus Freyhof, Geiger, Golzarianpour & Patimar, 2016 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35254]). Current status: Valid as Sasanidus Freyhof, Geiger, Golzarianpour & Patimar, 2016. Nemacheilidae.

Species Sasanidus kermanshahensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966) - Kermanshah stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus kermanshahensis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1966:151, Figs. 1-2; Pl. 19 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn. v. 129; ref. 218] Kermanshah in the drainage of the Karun River, tributary of lower Tigris, western Iran. Current status: Valid as Sasanidus kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karkheh and Dez River drainages, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Schistura McClelland, 1838 - stone loaches [=Schistura McClelland [J.], 1838:944, 947, Acoura (subgenus of Cobitis) Swainson [W.], 1839:310, Longischistura Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1995:444] Notes: [ref. 2924]. Fem. Cobitis rupecula McClelland, 1838. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently first published in late 1838 as above. Also in McClelland 1839:306, 439 [ref. 2923]. Species as rupecula, corrected to rupicola in bound errata sheet in ref. 2923. Type apparently first designated by Jordan 1919:195 [ref. 2410]. See Chen 1999:304 [ref. 24925]. •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Schistura -- (Jayaram 1981:151) [ref. 6497], Menon 1987:37 [ref. 14149]). •Valid as Schistura McClelland, 1838 -- (Mirza et al. 1981 [ref. 5390], Kottelat 1989:12 [ref. 13605], Zhu 1989:38 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21, 90 [ref. 14137], Zhou & Cui 1993:81 [ref. 20830], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:438 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:53 [ref. 23556], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:116 [ref. 23810], Kottelat 2000:53 [ref. 35040], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:204 [ref. 25886], Ataur Rahman 2003:166 [ref. 31338], Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar 2006:210 [ref. 28652], Kottelat et al. 2007:35 [ref. 28942], Proudlove 2006:95 [ref. 28992], Erk'akan et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29026], Ngyyen et al. 2009:1 [ref. 33208], Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2010:319 [ref. 30687], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2010:45 [ref. 30914], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011:1514 [ref. 31183], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:169 [ref. 31357], Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2011:1 [ref. 31362], Endruweit 2011:572 [ref. 31621], Ou et al. 2011:193 [ref. 31692], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:5 [ref. 32001], Zheng et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32070], Kungrang et al. 2012:69 [ref. 32324], Suvarnaraksha 2012:131 [ref. 32327], Chen & Neely 2012:222 [ref. 32332], Loheshwar et al. 2012:255 [232337], Kottelat 2012:104 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:1 [ref. 32463], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:49 [ref . 32801], Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2013.89 [ref. 32798], Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2013:21 [ref. 32804], Lalronunga et al. 2013:583 [ref. 32927], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:561 [ref. 32971], Plongsesthee et al. 2013:171 [ref. 33012], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33197], Endruweit 2014:59 [ref. 33202], Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2014:217 [ref. 33238], Shangningam et al. 2014:181 [ref. 33318]). Current status: Valid as Schistura McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. (Acoura) [ref. 4303]. Fem. Acoura obscura Swainson, 1839 (= Cobitis savona Hamilton, 1822). Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Swain 1882:281 [ref. 5966]. Spelled Acourus on p. 190 and 436. Acura Agassiz 1846:5 [ref. 64] is an unjustified emendation. Swainson's obscura an unneeded replacement for savona Hamilton. Originally as a subgenus of Cobites, here corrected to Cobitis. First revisor Jordan 1919:104 selecting Schistura over Acoura. •Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1838 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:333 [ref. 6554], Zhu 1989:38 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:104 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. (Longischistura) [ref. 23187]. Fem. Nemacheilus striatus Day, 1867. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Only one species included with certainty. •Synonym of Nemacheilus based on placement of type species. •Valid as Longischistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995 -- (Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096]). •?Questionably the same as Schistura McClelland, 1838 -- (Kottelat 2012:104 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. Species Schistura acuticephala (Hora, 1929) - Pazi stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus acuticephalus Hora [S. L.], 1929:328, Pl. 14 (figs. 5-6)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi Township, Monglong subdivision, Hsipaw State, northern Shan States, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura acuticephala (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura afasciata Mirza & Banarescu, 1981 - Dor stone loach (author) [=Schistura afasciata Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:119, Figs. 35-39] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Havelian on the Dor River, northern Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura afasciata (Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana, 2013 - Muthi stone loach (author) [=Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana [no initial], 2013:98, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32294] Mizoram, Muthi River, a tributary of Tuirial River in vicinity of Zembawk, Aizawl, 13°44'54"N, 62°45'27, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mizoram, northeastern India. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely, 2012 - Irrawaddy stone loach (author) [=Schistura albirostris Chen [X.-Y.] & Neely [D. A.], 2012:222, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32332] Longchuanjiang near Shuang Zhu Yuang village, approximately 3 km upstream of Qiao Tou village, Jie Tou township, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China, 25°30'11"N, 98°39'15", elevation 1573 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy River drainage, Yunnan Provice, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990 - Salween stone loach (author) [=Schistura alticrista Kottelat [M.], 1990:98, Figs. 68-69] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Amphoe Khum Huan, Tambon Muang Bon, Huei Nong Heng, Mae La Ka, Mae Hong Son Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Salween River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura altipedunculatus (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1968) - Kati stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus altipedunculatus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1968:337, Pl. 1 (fig. 10); Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 6554] Mandurli, northern Canara, Kati River drainage, 15°05'N, 74°25'E, northern Karnataka, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura altipedunculatus (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000 - amplizona stone loach (author) [=Schistura amplizona Kottelat [M.], 2000:54, Fig. 24] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam tha at Ban Finho, about 14 kilometers north of Luang Nam Tha, 21°04'44"N, 101°24'09"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura anambarensis (Mirza & Banarescu, in Mirza et al., 1970) - Anambar stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus anambarensis Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1970:51, Figs. 4-5] Notes: [Biologia (Lahore) v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 7761] Anambar River at Loralai, eastern Baluchistan, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura anambarensis (Mirza & Bănărescu, 1970). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura andrewi Solo et al., 2014 - Mizoram stone loach (author) [=Schistura andrewi Solo [B.], Lalamliana [no initials], Lalnuntluanga [no initials], 2014:254, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 3860 (no. 3); ref. 33517] Mizoram, Mat River, tributary of Kaladan River, 23°20'04'N, 92°50'01'E, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura andrewi Solo, Lalramliana, Lalronunda & Lalnuntluan, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mat River, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Son Kim stone loach (author) [=Schistura antennata Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:140, Figs. 8-10] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream at Son Kim, 18°24.25'N, 105°11.10'E, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000 - aramis stone loach (author) [=Schistura aramis Kottelat [M.], 2000:54, Fig. 25] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Chik, about 2 kilometers east of Muang Mai, 21°10'26"N, 102°44'06"E, Phongsali Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura arifi Mirza & Banarescu, 1981 - Zhob stone loach (author) [=Schistura arifi Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:113, Figs. 16-20] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Zhob City on Zhob River, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura arifi Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000 - Houay Houn stone loach (author) [=Schistura athos Kottelat [M.], 2000:55, Fig. 26, Oreias punctatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:570, Fig. 15] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Houn, about 3 kilometers upstream of Ban Houay Lek, in gorges, about 20°32'32"N, 102°40'51"E, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. (punctatus) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Nâm Ngam, Núa Ngam, Dien Bien, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dien Bien, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998 - Nam Theun stone loach (author) [=Schistura atra Kottelat [M.], 1998:69, Figs. 107, 108] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Upper Nam Theun, 17°59'31"N, 105°27'49"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee et al., 2011 - Kwai Noi stone loach (author) [=Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee [R.], Page [L. M.] & Beamish [W.], 2011:170, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31357] Kwai Noi River system, Khayeng River at Route 3272 bridge, 14°39'35"N, 98°32'01"E, Mae Khlong basin, Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, western Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Bachma stone loach (author) [=Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:143, Figs. 11-13] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Suoi Voi at Thua Luu, 55 kilometers south of Hue, 16°14.58'N, 107°59.39'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000 - Khone Falls stone loach (author) [=Schistura bairdi Kottelat [M.], 2000:55, Fig. 27] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Mekong mainstream at Ban Hang Khone below Khone Falls, Champasak Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura balteata (Rendahl, 1948) - Melwedaung stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus balteatus Rendahl [H.], 1948:42, Figs. 20-23] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Melwedaung, Tenasserim, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura balteata (Rendahl, 1948). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bannaensis Chen et al., 2005 - Nanla stone loach (author) [=Schistura bannaensis Chen [Z.-M.], Yang [J.-X.] & Qi [W.-L.], 2005:147, Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 28288] Nanla River basin, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi, 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanla River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura beavani (Günther, 1868) - creek loach [=Nemachilus beavani Günther [A.], 1868:350] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Kossye River, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura beavani (Günther, 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990 - Chiang Mai stone loach (author) [=Schistura bella Kottelat [M.], 1990:104, Figs. 72-73] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Mae Nam Fang, 35 kilometers south of Fang on road to Chiang Mai, Mekong basin, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Nam Kok, Mekong River basin, northern Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bhimachari (Hora, 1937) - Thunga stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bhimachari Hora [S. L.], 1937:13, Fig. 5] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 39 (pt 1); ref. 15279] Thunga River at Shimoga, Karnataka, southern India. Current status: Valid as Schistura bhimachari (Hora, 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000 - Champasak stone loach (author) [=Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat [M.], 2000:56, Fig. 28] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Huay Makchan-Gnai (Xe Nam Noy basin), south of Ban Taot, at turnoff to Xe Nam Noy Project, on road from pakse to Attapu, 15°04'14"N, 106°32'33"E, Champasak Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945) - Menam Mao stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus breviceps Smith [H. M.], 1945:308, Fig. 63] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Menam Mao, tributary of Menam Fang, Mekong basin, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura bucculenta (Smith, 1945) - bucculenta stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus bucculentus Smith [H. M.], 1945:326, Fig. 74] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Huey Nam Puat at Ban Nam Puat, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura bucculenta (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang, 1985) - Babianjiang stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus callichromus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:214 [220], Figs. 13-17] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Babianjiang River, 24°20'N, 100°10'E, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura callidora Bohlen & Slechtova, 2011 - Nam Paw stone loach (author) [=Schistura callidora Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2011:2, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31362] Mouth of Nam Paw at confluence with Myitnge River at Hsipaw city, 22°37'24"N, 97°18'12"E, Shan State, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura callidora Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myit Nge River drainage, Irrawady River basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - carbonaria stone loach (author) [=Schistura carbonaria Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:145, Figs. 14-16] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village about 40 kilometers south of Hue, 16°11.58'N, 107°43.76'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura carletoni (Fowler, 1924) - Kooloo stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus carletoni Fowler [H. W.], 1924:68, Fig. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 76; ref. 15446] Kooloo [= Kulu] Valley, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura carletoni (Fowler, 1924). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998 - waterfall stone loach (author) [=Schistura cataracta Kottelat [M.], 1998:70, Figs. 109-110] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Theun, waterfall at 18°01'40"N, 104°58'54"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978) - Ma River stone loach (author) [=Barbatula caudofurca Mai [D. Y.], 1978:233, Fig. 106, Paracobitis hagiangensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:565, Fig. 12, Noemacheilus laterivittatus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:213 [219], Figs. 9-12] Notes: [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Nâm-Công (Mã River), northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam and China. Habitat: freshwater. (hagiangensis) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Lô River, Hà Giang, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lo River, Ha Giang Province, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (laterivittatus) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Babianjiang River, 24°20'N, 100°10'E, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl, 1944) - Sapa stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus chapaensis Rendahl [H.], 1944:35, Fig. 18] Notes: [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Sapa, Lao Chi Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl, 1944). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura chindwinica (Tilak & Husain, 1990) - Brahmaputra stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus chindwinicus Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.], 1990:51, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 66 (no. 1); ref. 20185] Brahmaputra basin, Lanjha stream, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura chindwinica (Tilak & Husain, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant, 1998 - Batman stone loach (author) [=Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:372, Fig. 1] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" No. 40; ref. 26011] Batman River, a tributary of upper Tigris at Catalköprü, about 18 kilometers east from Silvan, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860) - cincticauda stone loach (author) [=Cobitis cincticauda Blyth [E.], 1860:172] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Huey Jawang, Salween basin, in Tha Song Yand District, Tak Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Salween basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000 - clatrata stone loach (author) [=Schistura clatrata Kottelat [M.], 2000:56, Fig. 29] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Cha Ngao, an east side tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 8 kilometers upriver of Muang Kaleum, 15°46'08"N, 106°45'54"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura conirostris (Zhu, 1982) - Lancang stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus conirostris Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:104 [110], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Lancang River, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura conirostris (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000 - coruscans stone loach (author) [=Schistura coruscans Kottelat [M.], 2000:57, Fig. 30] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special Zone, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000 - crabro stone loach (author) [=Schistura crabro Kottelat [M.], 2000:57, Fig. 31] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ngiap, Bolikhamsai Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura crocotula Plongsesthee et al., 2013 - Prachuap stone loach (author) [=Schistura crocotula Plongsesthee [R.], Kottelat [M.] & Beamish [F. W. H.], 2013:172, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 33012] Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Bansapan, Khanan River, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura crocotula Plongsesthee, Kottelat & Beamish, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Khanan River, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, southern Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura cryptofasciata Chen et al., 2005 - Nanting stone loach (author) [=Schistura cryptofasciata Chen [X.-Y.], Kong [D.-P.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2005:28, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. no. 13; ref. 28352] Nanting River, 23°58'N, 99°39'E, tributary to Salween River, Great Snow Mountain Township, Yongde County, incang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 690 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang, 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanting River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant, 1981 - Kurram stone loach (author) [=Schistura curtistigma Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:114, Figs. 21-25] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Bannu on the Kurram River, NW Frontier Province, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Da Lat stone loach (author) [=Schistura dalatensis Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:150, Figs. 19-21] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream running into River Dai Tan, about 30 kilometers south of Da Lat, 11°46.64'N, 108°19.28'E, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990 - Daubenton's stone loach (author) [=Schistura daubentoni Kottelat [M.], 1990:118, Figs. 85-86] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Bridge on Prek Preas at kilometer 369 of road from Saigon to Stung Treng, near Ph Khsang Hong, 13°09'N, 106°09'E, Cambodia. Current status: Valid as Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura dayi (Hora, 1935) - Day's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus dayi Hora [S. L.], 1935:57] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Near Raniganj, Chota-Nagpur and Northwest Provinces, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura dayi (Hora, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater

Species Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003 - Dean Smart's stone loach (author) [=Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon [C.] & Kottelat [M.], 2003:168, Fig. 6] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 26859] Tham [= cave] Phra Sai Ngam, about 200 meters from entrance, Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, 16°37'22"N, 100°39'47"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000 - defectiva stone loach (author) [=Schistura defectiva Kottelat [M.], 2000:58, Fig. 32] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ngum at Ban Phianglouang, 19°31'21"N, 103°03'58"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934) - Chieng Mai stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus desmotes Fowler [H. W.], 1934:107, Fig. 59] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Ping and Mae Khlong basins, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura devdevi (Hora, 1935) - Devdev stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus devdevi Hora [S. L.], 1935:54, Pl. 3 (figs. 5-6)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Eastern Himalayas; small streams below Darjeeling and Sikkim, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura devdevi (Hora, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura diminuta Ou et al., 2011 - diminutive stone loach (author) [=Schistura diminuta Ou [C.], Montaña [C. G.], Winemiller [K. O.] & Conway [K. W.], 2011:194, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 3) [for Sept.]; ref. 31692] Mekong River drainage, lower Sekong River in Siem Pang district, 14°07'11.88"N, 106°23'11.36"E, Stung Treng province, Cambodia. Current status: Valid as Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sekong River, Mekong River drainage, Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005 - Cangyuan stone loach (author) [=Schistura disparizona Zhou [W.] & Kottelat [M.], 2005:17, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. no. 13; ref. 28350] Cangyuan, Nangun River (a Salween River tributary), 0.5 kilometers to Manglai on road from Banhong to Mangku, 23°16.49'N, 99°04.34'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: River Nangun, tributary of Salween, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura doonensis (Tilak & Husain, 1977) - Doonga stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus doonensis Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.], 1977:133, Fig. 1] Notes: [Science and Culture v. 43 (no. 3); ref. 7290] Small stream near village of Kandholi, on way to Doonga District, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura doonensis (Tilak & Husain, 1977). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998 - Nam Phao stone loach (author) [=Schistura dorsizona Kottelat [M.], 1998:73, Figs. 112-113] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Phao, about 10 kilometers upriver of Ban Nape, about 18°22'N, 105°08'E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990 - dubia stone loach (author) [=Schistura dubia Kottelat [M.], 1990:123, Figs. 89-90] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Kham Mi, near Ban Mae Krating, road from Nan to Phrae, kilometer 66, 18°22'N, 100°25'E, Phrae Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Phrae Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000 - ephelis stone loach (author) [=Schistura ephelis Kottelat [M.], 2000:59, Fig. 33] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special zone, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2011 - Barak stone loach (author) [=Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2011:1515, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Journal of Threatened Taxa v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 31183] Barak River at western side of Maram Hill, Senapati District, Manipur, India (25°23'24.66"N, 94°04'09.25"E.). Current status: Valid as Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Barak River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant, 1981 - Hangu stone loach (author) [=Schistura fascimaculata Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:121, Figs. 41-45] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Hangu, Kohat District on the Kohat Toi River, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927) - Nodoa stone loach (author) [=Homaloptera fasciolata Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:339, Fig. 11, Nemachilus humilis Lin [S.-Y.], 1932:515] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (humilis) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 2781] Yunkiang, Kweichow, China. Current status: Synonym of Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura ferruginea Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013 - Manipur schistura (author) [=Schistura ferruginea Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2013:50] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32801] Current status: Valid as Schistura ferruginea Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur, northeast India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000 - Nam Kan stone loach (author) [=Schistura finis Kottelat [M.], 2000:59, Fig. 34] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Kan, a small creek making the border between Laos and Vietnam at Ban Xayden, 19°28'19"N, 104°05'04"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000 - Nam Vi stone loach (author) [=Schistura fusinotata Kottelat [M.], 2000:60, Fig. 35] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Vi at ford downriver (1.5 kilometers NW) of Ban Kasang-Kan, 15°17'55"N, 106°54'10"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura gangetica (Menon, 1987) - Alaknanda stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus gangeticus Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:82, Pl. 12 (fig. 6)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Alaknanda River (Ganges River basin) at Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura gangetica (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990 - Geisler's stone loach (author) [=Schistura geisleri Kottelat [M.], 1990:127, Figs. 91-92] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Taeng at Ban Mae Ta Man, 19°12'N, 98°53'E, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Nam Ping basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000 - Nam Talan stone loach (author) [=Schistura globiceps Kottelat [M.], 2000:60, Fig. 36] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Unnamed forest creek tributary to Nam Talan, at about kilometer 60 on road from Oudomxai to Luang Nam Tha, about 3 kilometers south of Ban Nateuy, 20°59'56"N, 101°39'47"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura greenei Endruweit, 2017 - Nanbanhe River stone loach (author) [=Schistura greenei Endruweit [M.], 2017:395, Figs. 1, 2] Notes: [Zootaxa 4243 (no. 2); ref. 35191] Nanbanhe River, Nangunhe River drainage, upper Salween, Cangyuan City, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 23°18.543'N, 98°57.322'E, elevation 1056 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura greenei Endruweit, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nangunhe River drainage, upper Salween basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura harnaiensis (Mirza & Nalbant, 1969) - Harnai stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus harnaiensis Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1969:89, Pl. 2 (figs. 4-6)] Notes: [Pakistan Journal of Zoology v. 1; ref. 7836] Harnai, Kaman-Beji River drainage, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura harnaiensis (Mirza & Nalbant, 1969). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura himachalensis (Menon, 1987) - Himachal stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus himachalensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:76, Pl. 16 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura himachalensis (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal and India. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934) - Hing's stone loach (author) [=Homaloptera hingi Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1934:287] Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 10988] A mountain torrent at Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, elevation about 1000 feet. Current status: Valid as Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura hoai (Nguyen, 2005) - Hoa's stone loach (author) [=Oreias hoai Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:568, Fig. 14] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Nâm Ngam, Núa Ngam, Dien Bien, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura hoai (Nguyen, 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dien Bien, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura horai (Menon, 1952) - Hora's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus horai Menon [A. G. K.], 1952:227, Pl. 7 (figs. 1-3)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 49 (pt 2, June 1951); ref. 12708] Bener Khand, south of Kangra, Kangra Valley, Punjab, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura horai (Menon, 1952). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan, Nepal and India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura huapingensis (Wu & Wu, in Wu & Wu, 1992) - Huaping stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus obscurus huapingensis Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], in Wu & Wu, 1992:145] Notes: [The fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; ref. 21205] Huaping County, Jinshajiang basin, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura huapingensis (Wu & Wu, 1992). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Huong stone loach (author) [=Schistura huongensis Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:155, Figs. 24-26] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village, about 40 kilometers south of Hue, 16°11.58'N, 107°43.76'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura hypsiura Bohlen et al., 2014 - Rakhine stone loach (author) [=Schistura hypsiura Bohlen [J.], Ŝlechtová [V.] & Udomritthiruj [K.], 2014:21, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 62; ref. 33197] Rakhine State, Kyeinthali Chaung at Ka La Byin, about 17°56'N, 94°30'E, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura hypsiura Bohlen, Ŝlechtová & Udomritthiruj, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000 - imitator stone loach (author) [=Schistura imitator Kottelat [M.], 2000:61, Fig. 37] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Namnoy, rapids about 1 kilometer upriver of Tad Feak waterfall, 15°14'09"N, 106°44'55"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000 - implicata stone loach (author) [=Schistura implicata Kottelat [M.], 2000:62, Fig. 38] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Poun at confluence with Nam Xang, downstream of Ban San, 20°19'25"N, 104°31'36"E, Houaphan Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931) - incerta stone loach (author) [=Barbatula (Homatula) incerta Nichols [J. T.], 1931:458, Fig. 2, Barbatula uniformis Mai [D. Y.], 1978:235, Fig. 107] Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 16312] Lung T'au Shaan, Tso Tsz Hoh, Kwangtung, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (uniformis) [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Bac Kan, Na Ro River, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000 - irregular stone loach (author) [=Schistura irregularis Kottelat [M.], 2000:62, Fig. 39] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Khan at Muang Hian, 20°05'18"N, 103°22'09"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998 - Nam Leuk stone loach (author) [=Schistura isostigma Kottelat [M.], 1998:76, Figs. 114-115] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Leuk, about 1 kilometer downstream of confluence with Nam Ngang, 18°22'03"N, 103°06'03"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990 - Jarutanin's stone loach (author) [=Schistura jarutanini Kottelat [M.], 1990:49, Pl. 1 (fig. 1); Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Mémoires de Biospéologie v. 17; ref. 16763] Underground stream, Tham Ba Dan, Amphoe Sri Sawat, about 14°02'N, 94°32'E, Kanchanaburi Province Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kampucheensis Bohlen et al., 2016 - Kampot stone loach (author) [=Schistura kampucheensis Bohlen [J.], Petrtýl [M.], Chaloupková [P.] & Borin [C.], 2016:354, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 4) (for Mar. 2016); ref. 34366] Stream Ta Da Ou Bey, Tek Chhou drainage, Kampot, Cambodia, 10°41.173'N, 104°06.948'E. Current status: Valid as Schistura kampucheensis Bohlen, Petrtýl, Chaloupková & Borin, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin, northern and southern Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921) - Kangjupkhul's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus kangjupkhulensis Hora [S. L.], 1921:202, Pl. 10 (figs. 4-4a)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Hill streams of the Manipur Valley, Yaribuk, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kangrae (Menon, 1952) - Kangra stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus kangrae Menon [A. G. K.], 1952:229, Pl. 7 (figs. 4-5)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 49 (pt 2, June 1951); ref. 12708] Kangra Valley, Baijnath, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura kangrae (Menon, 1952). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002 - Kaysone's stone loach (author) [=Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon [C.] & Jaruthanin [K.], 2002:18, Fig. 1] Notes: [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 26523] Phu Tham Nam, Ban (village) Don Yom in Khammouan karst, between lat. 18°45'N, 104°45'E and 18°30'N, 105°00'E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Khammouan karst, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936) - Keng Tung stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus kengtungensis Fowler [H. W.], 1936:509, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87 (for 1935); ref. 13693] Laun We (Loi Mwe, 21°10'N, 99°45'E), Keng Tung, Mekong basin, Myanmar, elevation 5600 feet. Current status: Valid as Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar, Thailand and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000 - Khamtanh's stone loach (author) [=Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat [M.], 2000:63, Fig. 40] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Pao, a west side tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 16 kilometers upriver of Muang Kaleum, 15°50'17"N, 106°45'40"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004 - Khuga stone loach (author) [=Schistura khugae Vishwanath [W.] & Shanta [K.] 2004:330, Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath [W.] & Shanta [K.] 2004:138, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 27996] Khuga River, Churachandpur District, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Khuga River, Chindwin basin, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater. (macrocephalus) [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 101 (pt 1); ref. 27862] Khuga River, Churachandpur District, Manipur, India. Current status: Synonym of Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000 - Kloetzli's stone loach (author) [=Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat [M.], 2000:63, Fig. 41] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Mengla market, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Banarescu, 1981 - Kohat stone loach (author) [=Schistura kohatensis Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:123, Figs. 46-50] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Hangu, Kohat District, on the Kohat Toi River, right tributary of Indus River, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kohchangensis (Smith, 1933) - Kochang stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus kohchangensis Smith [H. M.], 1933:56, Pl. 1 (fig. 2); Fig. 2, Noemacheilus deignani Smith [H. M.], 1945:320, Fig. 70] Notes: [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Waterfall stream on Koh Chang, Gulf of Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura kohchangensis (Smith, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. (deignani) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Mountain brooks on Kao Sabap, near Chantabun, southeastern Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Schistura kohchangensis (Smith, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012 - Mizoram stone loach (author) [=Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2012] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32296] Mizoram, Lawntlai District, Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'45"N, 92°55'56"E, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kolodyne River, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998 - Kongpheng's stone loach (author) [=Schistura kongphengi Kottelat [M.], 1998:77, Figs. 116-117] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Upper Nam Theun, 17°59'31"N, 105°27'49"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Kontum stone loach (author) [=Schistura kontumensis Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:160, Figs. 29-31] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Iasia, about 25 kilometers west of Kontum, 14°23.63'N, 107°48.64'E, Kontum Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat, 1990 - Kuan Giewlom stone loach (author) [=Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat [M.], 1990:141, Figs. 103-104] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Kuan Giewlom, Chayaphum Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000 - latidens stone loach (author) [=Schistura latidens Kottelat [M.], 2000:64, Fig. 42] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Pon, between rapids upstream and downstream of Ban Fuang, 16°37'06"N, 106°33'30"E, Savannakhet Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura latifasciata (Zhu & Wang, 1985) - Nanqiao stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus latifasciatus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:211 [219], Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Nanqiao River, tributary of the Lancangjiang River, 24°N, 100°E, Yunxian County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura latifasciata (Zhu & Wang, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000 - Leuk stone loach (author) [=Schistura leukensis Kottelat [M.], 2000:64, not Fig. 44] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Leuk at dam site, 18°26'15"N, 102°56'48"E, Vientiane Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura liyaiensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2014 - Liyai stone loach (author) [=Schistura liyaiensis Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2014:[2], Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Ichthyological Research; ref. 33603] Barak River in the vicinity of Liyai village (Barak-Surma-Meghna basin), Senapati District, Manipur, India, 25°28'24.83"N, 94°15'55.60"E, elevation 1468 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura liyaiensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Barak River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura longa (Zhu, 1982) - longa stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus longus Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:105 [110], Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Tributary of the Nujiang River, Lushui County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura longa (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nujiang River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura machensis (Mirza & Nalbant, 1970) - Mach stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus machensis horai Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1970:54, Figs. 7-9] Notes: [Biologia (Lahore) v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 7761] Mach River, tributary of Bolan River, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura machensis (Mirza & Nalbant, 1970). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000 - large-head stone loach (author) [=Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat [M.], 2000:65, Fig. 45] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Youan at ford south of Ban Muang Mon, 21°19'28"N, 101°10'19"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China and Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura macrolepis Mirza & Banarescu, 1981 - Racki stone loach (author) [=Schistura macrolepis Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:116, Figs. 27-31] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Racki Munh, Dere Ghazi Khan District, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura macrolepis Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura macrotaenia (Yang, in Wu, 1990) - Nan-Qi stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus macrotaenia Yang [J.-X.], in Wu, 1990:36, Fig. 30] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Nan-Qi River, Ping-Bian Xian, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura macrotaenia (Yang, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura maculiceps (Roberts, 1989) - Pinoh stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus maculiceps Roberts [T. R.], 1989:108, Fig. 83] Notes: [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Rocky channel in mainstream of Sungai Pinoh, 37 kilometers south of Nangapinoh, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Schistura maculiceps (Roberts, 1989). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura maculosa Lalronunga et al., 2013 - Pharsih stone loach (author) [=Schistura maculosa Lalronunga [S.], Lalnuntluanga [no initial] & Lalramliana [no initial], 2013:584, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa 3718 (no. 6); ref. 32927] Mizoram, Pharsih River, a tributary of Tuivai River (Barak drainage) in the vicinity of Kawlbem, Champhai District, 23°51'58"N, 93°17'20"E, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura maculosa Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pharsih River and Tuivai Rivers, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012 - Ping River stone loach (author) [=Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha [A.], 2012:132, Fig. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32327] Mae Abb, 18°17'55.2''N, 98°10'29.9''E, tributary of Ping River, Maechaem River system, northern Chao Phraya River basin, Maechaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, elevation 822 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Maechaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990 - Maepai stone loach (author) [=Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat [M.], 1990:143, Figs. 105-106] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Cha at Ban Pha Bong, 19°12'N, 97°59'E, 12 kilometers south of Mae Hong son, Mae Hong Son Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990 - magnifluvis stone loach (author) [=Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat [M.], 1990:146, Figs. 107-108] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Mekong River main stream between Chiang Khan, 17°50'N, 101°45'E, to 70 kilometers downstream by road, Loei Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong River, Cambodia and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990 - Mahnert's stone loach (author) [=Schistura mahnerti Kottelat [M.], 1990:151, Figs. 110-112] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] 20 kilometers north of Mae Sariang, Mae Hong Son Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990 - Putao stone loach (author) [=Schistura malaisei Kottelat [M.], 1990:154, Fig. 113] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Putao, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) - Manipur schistura (author) [=Nemachilus manipurensis Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1912:443, Pls. 40 (4, 4a-b), 41 (1, 1a-b)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 7 (pt 5); ref. 14837] Chindwin basins of Nagaland and Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura megalodon Endruweit, 2014 - Erganyahe River stone loach (author) [=Schistura megalodon Endruweit [M.], 2014:354, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 35 (no. 5); ref. 33494] Erganyahe River, Irawaddy basin, close to Erganya village, Yunnan, China, 24°36'N, 97°36'E, elevation 1323 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura megalodon Endruweit, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Erganyahe River, Irawaddy basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000 - melarancia stone loach (author) [=Schistura melarancia Kottelat [M.], 2000:65, Fig. 46, Oreias lineatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:567, Fig. 13] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Kouat near Ban Nam Kouat, a tributary of Nam Nga, 20°34'35"N, 102°07'56"E, Oudomxai Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater. (lineatus) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Nâm Ngam, Núa Ngam, Dien Bien, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dien Bien, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945) - Menam stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus menanensis Smith [H. M.], 1945:310, Fig. 65] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Menam Kon, tributary of Menam Nan, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura minutus Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar, 2006 - minute stone loach (author) [=Schistura minutus Vishwanath [W.] & Shanta Kumar [M.], 2006:210, Figs 1, 3B] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 102 (pt 2) [2005]; ref. 28652] Iyei River, Noney, Tamenglong District, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura minutus Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Iyei River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura mizoramensis Laramliana et al., 2014 - Tuirivang stone loach (author) [=Schistura mizoramensis Laramliana, Lalronunga [S.], Vanramliana & Lalthanzara [H.], 2014:206, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 33628] Tuirivang River, tributary of Tuirial River, Barak drainage, Mizoram, northeastern India, 23°32'01"N, 92°45'29"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura mizoramensis Laramliana, Lalronunga, Vanramliana & Lalthanzara, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tuirivang River, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012 - Mobbs' stone loach (author) [=Schistura mobbsi Kottelat [M.] & Leisher [C.], 2012:240, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 32277] Thai Nguyen Province, Phuong Hoang Cave, about 32 km from Bac Song (Lang Song Province), probably draining to Cau River, draining to Hai Phong; 21°46'31"N, 106°07'10"E, carst, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990 - Moei stone loach (author) [=Schistura moeiensis Kottelat [M.], 1990:164, Figs. 120-121] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Huei Kite, Tambon Kanei Jiu, Amphoe Mae Sot, Salween basin, Tak Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura montana McClelland, 1838 - montane stone loach (author) [=Schistura montana McClelland [J.], 1838:947, Pl. 55 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 7 (for Nov. 1838); ref. 2924] Mountain streams of Simla, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura montana McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura multifasciata (Day, 1878) - Day's schistura (author) [=Nemacheilus multifasciatus Day [F.], 1878:617, Pl. 153 (fig. 7)] Notes: [The fishes of India Part 4; ref. 4887] Darjeeling and Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura multifasciata (Day, 1878). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura myrmekia (Fowler, 1935) - Myrmekia stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus myrmekia Fowler [H. W.], 1935:106, Fig. 32] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 13881] Keng Sok (near Ban Thung Luang, 12°41'N, 99°51'E), southwestern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura myrmekia (Fowler, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Thailand (holotype only). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987) - Phodung stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus nagaensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:117] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Phodung River, tributary of Tizu River, Brahmaputra basin, Naga Hills, Nagaland, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nagodiensis Sreekantha et al., 2006 - Nagodi stone loach (author) [=Schistura nagodiensis Sreekantha [no initial], Gururaja [K. V.], Rema Devi [K.], Indra [T. J.] & Ramachandra [T. V.], 2006:2211, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoos' Print Journal v. 21 (no. 4); ref. 28597] Sharavathi river, 13°54'40"N, 74°53'49"E, Algod, Shimoga, Karnataka, western Ghats, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura nagodiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, Rema Devi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sharavathi River basin, western Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Nambo stone loach (author) [=Schistura namboensis Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:163, Figs. 32-35] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Small stream at Ea Nuol, about 20 kilometers northwest of Buon Ma Thuot, 12°41.58'N, 107°57.74'E, Dac Lac Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nandingensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985) - Nanding stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus nandingensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.], 1985:212 [219], Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Small stream of the Nanding River near Xingfu, 24°30'N, 100°10'E, Yunxian County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura nandingensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nasifilis (Pellegrin, 1936) - nasifilis stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus spilopterus var. nasifilis Pellegrin [J.], 1936:247] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 61; ref. 3415] Song Ko and Song Tan, Annam, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura nasifilis (Pellegrin, 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nebeshwari Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013 - Palak stone loach (author) [=Schistura nebeshwari Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2013:563, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 3731 (no. 4); ref. 32971] Mizoram, Saiha District, from a stream at Phura village near Palak Lake (Koladyne basin); 22°15'32"N, 92°53'32"E, India, elevation 161 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura nebeshwari Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mizorum, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933) - Nichols' stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus nicholsi Smith [H. M.], 1933:53, Fig. 1; Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Nemacheilus thai Fowler [H. W.], 1934:104, Fig. 56] Notes: [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Pak Jong near Nakon Rajasima, eastern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. (thai) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Bua Yai, eastern Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nilgiriensis (Menon, 1987) - Nilgiri stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus nilgiriensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:106, Pls. 10(figs. 8-9), 11(figs. 1-2)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Small stream joining outlet stream from Pykara Dam, Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura nilgiriensis (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura niulanjiangensis Chen et al., 2006 - Niulan River stone loach (author) [=Schistura niulanjiangensis Chen [L.], Lu [Z.-M.] & Mao [W.-N.], 2006:54, Fig.] Notes: [Guizhou Agricultral Sciences v. 34 (no. 5); ref. 29058] Niulan River, 25°59'N, 103°36'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura niulanjiangensis Chen, Lu & Mao, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Niulan River, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000 - Nom's stone loach (author) [=Schistura nomi Kottelat [M.], 2000:66, Fig. 47] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha, 14°48'27"N, 106°55'52"E, Attapu Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura notostigma (Bleeker, 1863) - spotback loach [=Nemacheilus notostigma Bleeker [P.], 1863:254] Notes: [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 17012] Sri Lanka. Current status: Valid as Schistura notostigma (Bleeker, 1863). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000 - nine-banded stone loach (author) [=Schistura novemradiata Kottelat [M.], 2000:66, Fig. 48] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Luang, about 2 kilometers upstream of Ban Namluang, 21°09'05"N, 101°20'34"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nubigena Kottelat, 2017 - Mali Hka River stone loach (author) [=Schistura nubigena Kottelat [M.], 2017:88, Figs. 8-12] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35308] Mali Hka River, about 9 km upstream of Kang Mu Lon, Kachin state, Myanmar, 27°25'54"N, 97°27'56"E, elevation 402 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura nubigena Kottelat, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mali Hka River, Kachin state, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat, 1998 - nudidorsum stone loach (author) [=Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat [M.], 1998:80, Figs. 119-120] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of border post on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), Laos, 18°23'00"N, 105°09'20"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998 - Obein's stone loach (author) [=Schistura obeini Kottelat [M.], 1998:83, Figs. 121-122] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of border post on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), Laos, 18°23'00"N, 105°09'20"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater

Species Schistura obliquofascia Lokeshwor et al., 2012 - Kalsa stone loach (author) [=Schistura obliquofascia Lokeshwor [Y.], Barat [A.], Sati [J.], Darshan [A.], Vishwanath [W.] & Mahanta [P. C.], 2012:256, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32337] Uttarakhand State, Kalsa River at Chanfi, Ganga basin, 29°22′06″ N, 79°34′44″ E, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura obliquofascia Lokeshwor, Barat, Sati, Darshan, Vishwanath & Mahanta, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uttarakhand, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura oedipus (Kottelat, 1988) - oedipus stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus oedipus Kottelat [M.], 1988:225, Fig. 1] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 40 (no. 4); ref. 13829] Tham Nam Lang [= Nam Lang Cave], 19°31'N, 98°09'E, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura oedipus (Kottelat, 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pakistanica (Mirza & Banarescu, in Mizra et al., 1969) - Pakistani stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus pakistanicus Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1969:87, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3)] Notes: [Pakistan Journal of Zoology v. 1; ref. 7836] Hindubaugh, Zhob River drainage, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura pakistanica (Mirza & Bănărescu, 1969). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura pantherina Page et al., 2012 - pantherina stone loach (author) [=Schistura pantherina Page [L. M.], Plongsesthee [R.] & Randall [Z. S.], 2012:320, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32342] Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong basin, Mae Nam Kwai Noi system, Kroeng Krawia, on Hwy 323 at km 32, near Prang Phe, 14°58'17"N, 98°38'24"E, Kanchanaburi Prov.,Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura pantherina Page, Plongsesthee & Randall, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Klong basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura papulifera Kottelat et al., 2007 - papulifera stone loach (author) [=Schistura papulifera Kottelat [M.], Harries [D. R.] & Proudlove [G. S.], 2007:36, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1393; ref. 28942] Cave of Synrang Pamiang system, Maintia Hills, Krem Umsngat entrance, 25°11'14"N, 92°21'03"E, Meghalaya State, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura papulifera Kottelat, Harries & Proudlove, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cave of Synrang Pamiang system, Meghalaya State, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura paraxena Endruweit, 2017 - Xi River stone loach (author) [=Schistura paraxena Endruweit [M.], 2017:145, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 4277 (no. 1); ref. 35362] Changdonghe River, Xi River, Pearl River drainage, Jinxiu City, Laibin Prefecture, Guangxi Province, China, approximately 24°05'N, 110°04'E. Current status: Valid as Schistura paraxena Endruweit, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: West River, Pearl River drainage, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990 - paucicincta stone loach (author) [=Schistura paucicincta Kottelat [M.], 1990:177, Figs. 133-134] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Huai Mae Charno, 4 kilometers south of Amphoe Mae Ramat on road 1085, 16°58'N, 98°34'E, Salween basin, Tak Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura paucifasciata (Hora, 1929) - paucifasciata stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus paucifasciatus Hora [S. L.], 1929:330, Fig. 3; Pl. 15 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi Township, Monglong subdivision of Hsipaw State, northern Shan States, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura paucifasciata (Hora, 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura paucireticulata Lokeshwor et al., 2013 - paucireticulata stone loach (author) [=Schistura paucireticulata Lokeshwor [Y.], Vishwanath [W.] & Kisygin [L.], 2013:582, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 3682 (no 5); ref. 32764] Mizoram: Aizawl District: Tuirial River near Aizawl (the Barak-Surma-Meghna river system); 23º43′12.49″N, 92º47′59.43″E, India, altitude 175 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura paucireticulata Lokwehwor, Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mizoram: Aizawl District, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pawensis Bohlen & Slechtova, 2013 - Paw stone loach (author) [=Schistura pawensis Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2013:26, Figs. 4-7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no.1); ref. 32804] Shan state, stream Nam Paw west of Hsipaw city, 22°37'40" N, 97°18'17" E, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura pawensis Bohlem & Ŝlechtová, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shan State, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000 - personata stone loach (author) [=Schistura personata Kottelat [M.], 2000:67, Fig. 49] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special Zone, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000 - pertica stone loach (author) [=Schistura pertica Kottelat [M.], 2000:67, Fig. 50] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ou at confluence with Houay Nam, 3 kilometers east southeast of Muang Khoa, 21°04'10.4"N, 102°31'43.8"E, Phongsali, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000 - pervagata stone loach (author) [=Schistura pervagata Kottelat [M.], 2000:68, Fig. 51] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Small stream tributary of Nam Hao, 20°31'09"N, 104°21'44"E, Houaphan Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura phamhringi Shangningam et al., 2014 - Dutah stone loach (author) [=Schistura phamhringi Shangningam [B.], Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2014:182, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 3786 (no. 2); ref. 33318] Manipur, Chandel District: Dutah Stream, tributary of Yu River near Larong Village (Chindwin-Irrawaddy basin), 24°15'3.87"N, 94°14'58.55 "E, India, altitude 283 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura phamhringi Shangningam, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dutah Stream, tributary of Ya River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945) - Pocul's stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus poculi Smith [H. M.], 1945:323, Fig. 72] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Doi Angka, Mae Nam Ping River basin, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura polytaenia (Zhu, 1982) - polytaenia stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus polytaenia Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:106 [111], Fig. 3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Tributary of the Irrawaddy River, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura polytaenia (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura porocephala Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013 - Mat River stone loach (author) [=Schistura porocephala Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2013:2, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 32463] Stream of Mat River near Thualthu, Lunglei district, Mizoram, India, 22°46'17"N, 92°56'27"E, elevation 547 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura porocephala Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mat River, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000 - porthos stone loach (author) [=Schistura porthos Kottelat [M.], 2000:69, Fig. 52] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Tha at Ban Finho, about 14 kilometers north of Luang Nam Tha, 21°04'44"N, 101°24'09"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong basin: China and Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003 - Nam Muen stone loach (author) [=Schistura pridii Vidthayanon [C.], 2003:307, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 27398] Stream Nam Muen, a tributary of river Mae Taeng, upper Chao Phraya basin, Chiangmai Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Chao Phraya drainage, Chiangmai, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000 - procera stone loach (author) [=Schistura procera Kottelat [M.], 2000:69, Fig. 53] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Waterfall Taad Lak Sip Et, kilometer 11 on road from Oudomxai to Nambak, 20°37'01.8"N, 102°00'12.0"E, Nam Phak watershed, Oudomxai Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng et al., 2012 - Mengnonghe stone loach (author) [=Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng [L.-P.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2012:64, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 32070] Mengnonghe River, a tributary of the Nangunhe River, itself a tributary of the Salween River, at Banlao Village, 23°30'08.9"n, 99°01'42.9"E, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 510 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mengnonghe River, Salween basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pseudofasciolata Zhou & Cui, 1993 - Canyu stone loach (author) [=Schistura pseudofasciolata Zhou [W.] & Cui [G.-H.], 1993:89, Fig. 9] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 20830] Canyu River, tributary of Jinshajiang River, near Huidong town, Huidong, Sichuan Province, China, 26°38'N, 102°34'E. Current status: Valid as Schistura pseudofasciolata Zhou & Cui, 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Cam Lo stone loach (author) [=Schistura psittacula Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:170, Figs. 37-39] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Middle River Cam Lo, about 20 kilometers west of Dong Ha, 16°47.00'N, 106°53.86'E, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura pumatensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2007 - Pumat stone loach (author) [=Schistura pumatensis Nguyen [X. K.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 2007:17, fig.] Notes: [Tap Chíi Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 29 (No. 2); ref. 29908] Pumat National Park, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura pumatensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pumat National Park, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura puncticeps Bohlen & Slechtova, 2013 - punticeps stone loach (author) [=Schistura puncticeps Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2013:86, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32798] Shan state, stream Nam Paw west of Hsipaw city; 22°37'40"N, 97°18'17" E, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura puncticeps Bohlen & Ŝlechtová 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shan state, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998 - Nam Kathang stone loach (author) [=Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat [M.], 1998:84, Figs. 123-124] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Kathang, 5 kilometers north of Ban Gnomalat at Ban Keovilay, 17°39'N, 105°10'20"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000 - quasita stone loach (author) [=Schistura quaesita Kottelat [M.], 2000:70, Fig. 54] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ngum, rapids downstream of Ban Latbouak, 19°36'28"N, 103°14'23"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000 - quasimodo stone loach (author) [=Schistura quasimodo Kottelat [M.], 2000:70, Fig. 55] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special Zone, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura rajasthanicus (Mathur & Yazdani, 1971) - Takhat Sagar stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus rajasthanicus Mathur [D. S.] & Yazdani [G. M.], 1971:97, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 22 (no. 1-2) (1970); ref. 7266] Takhat Sagar, Kailana, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura rajasthanica (Mathur & Yazdani, 1971). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura rara (Zhu & Cao, 1987) - rara stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus rarus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1987:328 [331], Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 14139] Beijiang River Drainage, 24°E, 113°N, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura rara (Zhu & Cao, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945) - Reid's stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus reidi Smith [H. M.], 1945:313, Fig. 67] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Huey Mekong Kha, mountain torrent at base of Doi Mekong Kha, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2004 - Maklang stone loach (author) [=Schistura reticulata Vishwanath [W.] & Nebeshwar Sharma [K.], 2004:324, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 28011] Maklang River, Ukhrul District, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura reticulofasciata (Singh & Banarescu, in Singh et al., 1982) - Barani stone loach (author) [=Mesonomacheilus reticulofasciatus Singh [A.] & Bănărescu [P. M.], in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982:206, Figs. 12-16] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 23 (for 1981); ref. 4030] Barani, near Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura reticulofasciata (Singh & Bănărescu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000 - Rikik stone loach (author) [=Schistura rikiki Kottelat [M.], 2000:71, Fig. 56] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Kong between Attapu and downstream to Bank Ouk, 14°44'51"N, 106°43'95"E, Attapu Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990 - Roberts' stone loach (author) [=Schistura robertsi Kottelat [M.], 1990:198, Figs. 148-149] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Tributary of Khlong Khao Thalu at Ban Bang Kan, 8°33'N, 98°28'E, road from Phangnga to Kapong, Phangnga Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura rosammai (Sen, 2009) - Pabomukh stone loach (author) [=Aborichthys rosammai Sen [N.], 2009:15, Pls. 1-2; Fig. 1A-B] Notes: [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 109 (part 2); ref. 30554] Pabomukh, Subansiri River, Dhemaji District, Assam, India, 27°34'N, 94°14'E, elevation 32 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura rosammai (Sen, 2009). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northeastern India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura rubrimaculata Bohlen & Slechtova, 2013 - Magway stone loach (author) [=Schistura rubrimaculata Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2013:22, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no.1); ref. 32804] Magway devision, stream Man Chaung, about 10 km upstream of Datkon village, 19°55.008' N , 94°30.104' E, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura rubrimaculata Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Man Chaung and Shwe Chaung (tributary of Irrawaddy River), Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838 - Simla stone loach (author) [=Schistura rupecula McClelland [J.], 1838:948, Pl. 55 (fig. 3), Nemachilus rupecola var. inglisi Hora [S. L.], 1935:58, Pl. 3 (figs. 9-10)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 7 (for Nov. 1838); ref. 2924] Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (inglisi) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Rivers below Darjiling [Darjeeing] and in Sikkim, eastern Himalayas. Current status: Synonym of Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000 - russa stone loach (author) [=Schistura russa Kottelat [M.], 2000:71, Fig. 57] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Tha at Ban Finho, about 14 kilometers north of Luang Nam Tha, 21°04'44"N, 101°24°09"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura savona (Hamilton, 1822) - Kosi stone loach (author) [=Cobitis savona Hamilton [F.], 1822:357, 394, Nemacheilus obscura Swainson [W.], 1839:310] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Kosi River at Nathpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura savona (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater. (obscura) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Schistura savona (Hamilton, 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839 - scaturigina stone loach (author) [=Schistura scaturigina McClelland [J.] (ex Hamilton), 1839:308, 443, Pl. 53 (fig. 6), Nemacheilus mugah Day [F.], 1869:382, Schistura subfusca McClelland [J.], 1839:308, 443, Pl. 53 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater. (mugah) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 2); ref. 18823] Cossye [Kasai] River, at Midnapore, Orissa, India. Current status: Synonym of Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (subfusca) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945) - Schultz's stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus schultzi Smith [H. M.], 1945:317, Fig. 69] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Huey Melao on Doi Hua Mot, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura scyphovecteta Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013 - Ka-ao stone loach (author) [=Schistura scyphovecteta Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.], 2013:568, Figs. 7-11] Notes: [Zootaxa 3731 (no. 4); ref. 32971] Ka-ao River near New Serkawr village (Koladyne basin), Saiha District, Mizoram, India, 22°21'10.8"N, 92°57'49.88"E, elevation 199 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura scyphovecteta Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura semiarmata (Day, 1867) - semiarmata stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus semiarmatus Day [F.], 1867:286 [6]] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2); ref. 14043] Bowany and Seegoor rivers; Billicul Lake, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura semiarmata (Day, 1867). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000 - sertata stone loach (author) [=Schistura sertata Kottelat [M.], 2000:71, Fig. 58] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Mekong basin, Nam Xi below Kuang Xi waterfall, upstream of Bank Thapen, 19°45'10"N, 102°00'10"E, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937) - Mae Phun stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus sexcauda Fowler [H. W.], 1937:156, Figs. 75-76, Noemacheilus fowlerianus Smith [H. M.], 1945:306] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 89; ref. 1425] Me Poon [Mae Phun], Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. (fowlerianus) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Mepoon [Me poon, = Mae Phun], central Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sexnubes Endruweit, 2014 - Mengmenghe stone loach (author) [=Schistura sexnubes Endruweit [M.], 2014:60, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 33202] Mengmenghe River, Xiaoheijiang River subbasin, Mekong Basin, Shuangjiang County, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 23°33.045'N, 99°51.239'E, elevation 1047 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura sexnubes Endruweit, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, Mekong Basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura shadiwalensis Mirza & Nalbant, 1981 - Shadiwal stone loach (author) [=Schistura shadiwalensis Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.], in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981:125, Figs. 51-55] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Chenab River at Shadiwal, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Schistura shadiwalensis Mirza & Nalbant, 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sharavathiensis Sreekantha et al., 2006 - Sharavathi stone loach (author) [=Schistura sharavathiensis Sreekantha [no initial], Gururaja [K. V.], Rema Devi [K.], Indra [T. J.] & Ramachandra [T. V.], 2006:2213, Fig. 3] Notes: [Zoos' Print Journal v. 21 (no. 4); ref. 28597] Sharavathi river, 14°08'15'N, 74°44'30"E, Kalkatte tributary, 1 kilometer above Dabbe Falls, Shimoga, Karnataka, western Ghats, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura sharavathiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, Rema Devi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sharavathi river, western Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura shebbearei (Hora, 1935) - Shebbeare's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus shebbearei Hora [S. L.], 1935:52, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Rivers below Darjeeling, northern Bengal, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura shebbearei (Hora, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura shuensis Bohlen & Slechtova, 2014 - Magway stone loach (author) [=Schistura shuensis Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2014:217, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 3) (for 2013); ref. 33238] Magway devision: Shu Chaung [chaung = stream] at bridge of Pathein-Monywa highway; 19°09.395'N, 94°47.835' E, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura shuensis Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shu stream, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000 - sigillata stone loach (author) [=Schistura sigillata Kottelat [M.], 2000:72, Fig. 59] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special Zone, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sijuensis (Menon, 1987) - Siju stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus sijuensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:175, Pl. 6 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Siju cave, about 25°25'N, 90°30'E [?25°21'N, 90°41'E], Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura sijuensis (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Meghalaya, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921) - Sikmai stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus sikmaiensis Hora [S. L.], 1921:201, Pls. 9 (fig. 4), 10 (figs. 1,1a), Nemacheilus putaoensis Rendahl [H.], 1948:27, Figs. 11-12] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Putao, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India, Nepal and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. (putaoensis) [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Putao, northern Myanmar. Current status: Synonym of Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990 - similis stone loach (author) [=Schistura similis Kottelat [M.], 1990:210, Figs. 156-157] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Amphoe Tha Song Yang, Tambon Kanei Jiu, Huei Ki Teu, Tak Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura singhi (Menon, 1987) - Singh's stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus singhi Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:119, Pl. 16 (fig. 1)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Kiphire, Nagaland, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura singhi (Menon, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sirindhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2015 - Huay Nampan stone loach (author) [=Schistura sirindhornae Suvarnaraksha [A.], 2015:160, Figs. 1-4, 5A, 6-7] Notes: [Zootaxa 3962 (no. 1); ref. 33813] Huay Nampan, Ban Khunkoon, Moo 2, Tumbon Phukha, Pua District, Nan Province, 19°08'12.24"N, 101°00'33.18"E, Thailand, elevation 721 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura sirindhornae Suvarnaraksha, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nan Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Sokolov's stone loach (author) [=Schistura sokolovi Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:172, Figs. 40-42] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] River Azun, about 30 kilometers east of Pleiku, a confluent to River Ba, 14°02.34'N, 108°21.07'E, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998 - Somboon stone loach (author) [=Schistura sombooni Kottelat [M.], 1998:88, Figs. 125-126] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Phao, 2 kilometers upriver of Ban Lak Song (5 kilometers upriver of Ban Nape), about 18°20'40"N, 105°07'30"E, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura sonlaensis (Nguyen et al., 2010) - Bom Hau stone loach (author) [=Oreias sonlaensis Nguyen [T. H.], Nguyen [V. H.] & Hoang [T. T.], 2010:45] Notes: [English p. 51], Fig. 1a-c [Journal of Biology (Vietnam) v. 32 (no. 4); ref. 32127] Lake Bom Hau, Chieng Xom Commune, Son La City, at the basin of Da River (in caves and outflow), Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura sonlaensis (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Bom Hau, Da River basin, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004 - Spekuli cave loach (author) [=Schistura spekuli Kottelat [M.], 2004:187, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 27801] Cave in center of Chin Chu Chai village, 10 kilometers south of Tam Duong, about 22°24'N, 103°26'E, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lai Chau Province, northern Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003 - Spies' stone loach (author) [=Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon [C.] & Kottelat [M.], 2003:165, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 26859] Upstream section of Tham [= cave] Phra Wang Daeng, 100-200 meters from entrance, Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, 16°40'40"N, 100°41'24"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura spiloptera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - spiloptera stone loach (author) [=Cobitis spiloptera Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:27, Pl. 522, Nemacheilus pellegrini Rendahl [H.], 1944:26, Figs. 13-14, 16-17] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Cochinchine [? southern Vietnam]. Current status: Valid as Schistura spiloptera (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (pellegrini) [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Thua Luu, 50 kilometers southeast of Hué, Annam, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Schistura spiloptera (Valenciennes, 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Coastal streams in eastern Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura spilota (Fowler, 1934) -Metang stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus spilotus Fowler [H. W.], 1934:105, Fig. 57] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Metang River, 35 miles north of Chieng Mai, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura spilota (Fowler, 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura striata (Day, 1867) - Wynaad stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus striatus Day [F.], 1867:347] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2); ref. 14044] Wynaad, India, elevation 3000 feet. Current status: Valid as Schistura striata (Day, 1867). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000 - suber stone loach (author) [=Schistura suber Kottelat [M.], 2000:72, Fig. 60] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Unnamed small forest stream along road from Thad Leuk to Nam Leuk dam site, 18°27'05"N, 103°04'06"E, Vientiane Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Susanna stone loach (author) [=Schistura susannae Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:179, Figs. 46-48] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Mong Mo south of Hai Van Pass at national highway No. 1, 16°09.67'N,108°07.73'E, Quang Nam Danag Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tamduongensis Nguyen et al, 2009 - Ban Ho stone loach (author) [=Schistura tamduongensis Nguyen [T. H.], Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [X. K.], 2009:1, 14] Notes: [Tap Chí Sinh Hoc (J. Biol.) v. 31 (no 4); ref. 33208] Ban Ho in Tam Duong district, Lai Chau Province, tributary of Mu River, left bank affluent the Black River, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura tamduongensis Nguyen, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lai Chau Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tenebrosa Kangrang et al., 2012 - tenebrosa stone loach (author) [=Schistura tenebrosa Kangrang [P.], Page [L. M.] & Beamish [F. W. H.], 2012:70, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32324] Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong basin, Kwai Noi River system, Pakkok River, 14°36'22"N, 98°28'14"E, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura tenebrosa Kangrang, Page & Beamish, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakkok River, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000 - tenura stone loach (author) [=Schistura tenura Kottelat [M.], 2000:73, Fig. 61] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Leuk, about 1 kilometer downstream of dam site, 18°26'10"N, 102°57'01"E, Vientiane Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Vinh Thanh stone loach (author) [=Schistura thanho Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:182, Figs. 49-51] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] River Vinh Thanh, about 65 kilometers northwest Quy Nhon, 14°16.19'N, 108°45.69'E, Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tigrina Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2005 - Barak stone loach (author) [=Schistura tigrinum Vishwanath [W.] & Nebeshwar Sharma [K.], 2005:79, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 102 (pt 1); ref. 28460] Barak River at Khunphung, Tami subdivison, Tamenglong District, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura tigrina Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Barak River, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater. Species Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990 - Riwa stone loach (author) [=Schistura tirapensis Kottelat [M.], 1990:118, Noemacheilus arunachalensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1987:129, Pl. 16 (fig. 10), Noemacheilus dattai Menon [A. G. K.], 1999:170] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (arunachalensis) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (dattai) [Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper No. 175; ref. 24904] Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000 - Tizard stone loach (author) [=Schistura tizardi Kottelat [M.], 2000:73, Fig. 62] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha, 14°48'27"N, 106°55'52"E, Attapu Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura trilineata (Nguyen et al., 2010) - threelined stone loach (author) [=Oreias trilineatus Nguyen [T. H.], Nguyen [V. H.] & Hoang [T. T.], 2010:47] Notes: [English p. 52], Fig. 2a-b [Journal of Biology (Vietnam) v. 32 (no. 4); ref. 32127] Lake Bom Hau, Chieng Xom Commune, Son La City, at the basin of Da River (in caves and outflow), Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura trilineata (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Bom Hau, Da River basin, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998 - tubulinaris stone loach (author) [=Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat [M.], 1998:89, Figs. 127-128] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Theun, from Ban Signo to about 6 kilometers upriver, Laos, 17°50'50"N, 105°03'00"E. Current status: Valid as Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Slechtova, 2010 - Kapoe stone loach (author) [=Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen [J.] & Ŝlechtová [V.], 2010:320, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30687] Small stream draining into Andaman Sea, upstream of Kapoe, 9°31'14"N, 98°41'40"E, Ranong Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Streams draining into Andaman Sea, southern Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935) - Meekalam stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus vinciguerrae Hora [S. L.], 1935:62, Pl. 3 (fig. 12)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Meekalam, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy and Salween basins, Myanmar and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura walongensis (Tamang & Sinha, 2016) - Walong stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura walongensis Tamang [L.] & Sinha [B.], 2016:281, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4173 (no. 3); ref. 34804] Arunachal Pradesh, small diverted water course of Lohit River (Brahmaputra River basin) at Walong, India, 28°07.395'N, 97°01.096'E, elevation 1096 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura walongensis (Tamang & Sinha, 2016). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lohit River, Walong, Anjaw district, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937) - Walton's stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus waltoni Fowler [H. W.], 1937:157, Figs. 77-79, Noemacheilus obscurus Smith [H. M.], 1945:316, Fig. 68] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 89; ref. 1425] Me Poon [Mae Phun], Thailand. Current status: Valid as Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater. (obscurus) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Doi Angka, Mae Nam Ping River basin, northern Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura wanlainensis Kottelat, 2017 - Phunganrazi stone loach (author) [=Schistura wanlainensis Kottelat [M.], 2017:92, Figs. 13-18] Notes: [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35308] Phunganrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, area of Wa Sar Dam, Mon Lan Chaung (stream) near Wan Lain Dam village, Kachin state, Myanmar, 27°29'10"N, 97°10'29"E, elevation 850 meters. Current status: Valid as Schistura wanlainensis Kottelat, 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mon Lan Chaung stream, Mali Hka drainage, Kachin state, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000 - Nam Xhat stone loach (author) [=Schistura xhatensis Kottelat [M.], 2000:74, Fig. 63] Notes: [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Xhat, upstream of Ban Nam Sa, 20°06'43"N, 103°19'56"E, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - Yersin stone loach (author) [=Schistura yersini Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:186, Figs. 52-54] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Small stream running to River Da Dung south of Da Lat, 11°46.86'N, 108°25.04'E, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura yingjiangensis (Zhu, 1982) - Yingjiang stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus yingjiangensis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:107 [111], Fig. 4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Daying River, trib of the Irrawaddy River, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Schistura yingjiangensis (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura yunnaniloides (Chen et al., 2011) - Kalemyo stone loach (author) [=Physoschistura yunnaniloides Chen [X.-Y.], Kottelat [M.] & Neely [D. A.], 2011:180, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31359] Kalemyo fish markets, Chindwin River drainage, Sagaing Division, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Schistura yunnaniloides (Chen, Kottelat & Neely, 2011). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chindwin River drainage, Sagaing Division, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Schistura zonata McClelland, 1839 - zonata stone loach (author) [=Schistura zonata McClelland [J.], 1839:308, 441, Pl. 53 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Current status: Valid as Schistura zonata McClelland, 1839. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and India. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Sectoria Kottelat, 1990 - sectorias (author) [=Sectoria Kottelat [M.], 1990:229] Notes: [ref. 14137]. Fem. Noemacheilus atriceps Smith, 1945. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Sectoria Kottelat, 1990 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:445 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:120 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:212 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Sectoria Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae.

Species Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945) - Thai sectoria (author) [=Noemacheilus atriceps Smith [H. M.], 1945:312, Fig. 66] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Menam Kon, tributary of Menam Nan, at Ban Khana, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999) - Chinese sectoria (author) [=Schistura heterognathos Chen [Y.-F.], 1999:301, Figs. 1-4, Sectoria megastoma Kottelat [M.], 2000:74, Fig. 64] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 24925] Nanla River, Mekong River system, Nazhao, 21°40'55'N, 101°35'20"E, about 25 kilometers from Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (megastoma) [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Market in Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Seminemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1995 - stone loaches [=Seminemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1995:449] Notes: [ref. 23187]. Masc. Nemachilus lendlii Hankó, 1924. Type by original designation (also monotypic). A second, unnamed species included. Heminoemacheilus Bănărescu, 1977 (nomen nudum, not of Zhu & Cao 1987) included in synonymy. •Valid as Seminemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995 -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:112 [ref. 23810], Erk'akan et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29026], Prokofiev 2009:886 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:207 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995. Nemacheilidae.

Species Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan et al., 2007 - Isparta stone loach (author) [=Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.], 2007:76, Fig. 7] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Isparta Creek, Egirdir-Isparta Road, 1st railway pass, 37°38'N, 30°31'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Seminemacheilus lendlii (Hankó, 1925) - Anatolian stone loach [=Nemachilus lendlii Hankó [B.], 1925:155, Pl. 3 (fig. 9)] Notes: [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eski-Chehir, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus lendlii (Hankó, 1925). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Black Sea watersheds and central Anatolian lake watersheds, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Speonectes Kottelat, 2012 - troglobitic stone loaches [=Speonectes Kottelat [M.], 2012:121, 139] Notes: [ref. 32367]. Masc. Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 1990. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Speonectes Kottelat, 2012 – (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Speonectes Kottelat, 2012. Nemacheilidae.

Species Speonectes tiomanensis (Kottelat, 1990) - Tioman stone loach (author) [=Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat [M.], 1990:52, Pl. 1 (fig. 2); Fig. 3] Notes: [Mémoires de Biospéologie v. 17; ref. 16763] Cave in Mount Gunung Kajang, about 2°50'N, 104°15'E, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia, elevation 2900 feet. Current status: Valid as Speonectes tiomanensis (Kottelat, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988 - stone loaches [=Sphaerophysa Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], 1988:405] Notes: [ref. 14140]. Fem. Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:133[ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:457 [ref. 23187], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:45 [ref. 23556], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988. Nemacheilidae.

Species Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 - Dianchi stone loach (author) [=Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], 1988:405, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 14140] Dianchi Lake, near Kunming City, China. Current status: Valid as Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990 - stone loaches [=Sundoreonectes Kottelat [M.], 1990:52] Notes: [ref. 16763]. Masc. Noemacheilus obesus Vaillant, 1902. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Oreonectes Günther, 1868, but a valid subgenus Sundoreonectes -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:454 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990 -- (Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Proudlove 2006:101 [ref. 28992], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2010:45 [ref. 30914], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae.

Species Sundoreonectes obesus (Vaillant, 1902) - Bluu River stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus obesus Vaillant [L. L.], 1902:134, Figs. 39-40] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Bluu River, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Sundoreonectes obesus (Vaillant, 1902). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sundoreonectes sabanus (Chin, 1990) - sabanus stone loach (author) [=Elxis sabanus Chin [P. K.], 1990:74, Figs. 3] Notes: [[The] Malayan Nature Journal v. 43 (2); ref. 20029] Mountain rapids in Mendolong area, Sipitang District, Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia, elevation 750 meters. Current status: Valid as Sundoreonectes sabanus (Chin, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010 - stone loaches [=Tarimichthys (subgenus of Triplophysa) Prokofiev [A. M.], 2010:896] Notes: [ref. 31096]. Masc. Nemacheilus bombifrons Herzenstein, 1888. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933, but a valid subgenus Tarimichthys as described. •Valid as Tarimichthys Prokofief, 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Species Tarimichthys bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888) Aksu stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bombifrons Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:67, Pls. 2, 4] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Aksu darja, Tschertschen darja, Chotan River, Dol and Sampula. Kariensee Mts., Nija Oasis. Current status: Valid as Tarimichthys bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karakurum Mountains, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tarimichthys edsinica (Prokofiev, 2003) - Edsin stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev [A. M.], 2003:66 [English p. 67], Fig. 29] Notes: [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences]. No. 1; ref. 28070] Edsin-River drianage, Hexi-Alashan region, northern China. Current status: Valid as Tarimichthys edsinicus (Prokofiev, 2003). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Edsin River, Hexi-Alashan region, northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001 - stone loaches [=Traccatichthys Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.], 2001:188] Notes: [ref. 25364]. Nemacheilus taeniatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944 -- (Prokofiev 2004:158 [ref. 27665] as Micronoemacheilus, Prokofiev 2010:890 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Traccathichthys Freyhov & Serov, 2001 -- (Du et al. 2012:304 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys Freyhof & Sarov, 2001. Nemacheilidae.

Species Traccatichthys bacmeensis (Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen, 2005) - Minh Son stone loach (author) [=Micronemacheilus bacmeensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Vo [V. B.], in Nguyen, 2005:562, Fig. 10] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Minh Son, Bac Me, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys bacmeensis (Nguyen & Vo, 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper reaches of Gam River, Bac Me County, Ha Giang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Traccatichthys pulcher (Nichols & Pope, 1927) - Nodoa stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pulcher Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:338, Fig. 10, Pl. 26 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys pulcher (Nichols & Pope, 1927). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) - Rouge River stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pulcher var. taeniata Pellegrin [J.] & Chevey [P.], 1936:229, Fig. 6] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 61; ref. 13735] Thiong Khé (Phu tho), Rouge River, Tonkin, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Traccatichthys tuberculum Du et al., 2012 - Guangdong stone loach (author) [=Traccatichthys tuberculum Du [C.-X.], Zhang [E] & Chan [B. P. L.], 2012:305, Fig. 1A] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32340] Guangdong Province, Jian-Jiang, a coastal river flowing into South China Sea, Xinyi County, China. Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys tuberculum Du, Zhang & Chan, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangdong Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Traccatichthys zispi Prokofiev, 2004 - zispi stone loach (author) [=Traccatichthys zispi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2004:158, Fig. 2] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 27665] Hainan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys zispi (Prokofiev, 2004). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hainan Island, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 - stone loaches [=Triplophysa (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Rendahl [H.], 1933:21, Deuterophysa (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Rendahl [H.], 1933:23, Didymophysa Whitley [G. P.], 1950:44, Diplophysa Kessler [K. T.], 1874:57, Diplophysoides Fowler [H. W.], 1958:13, Tauphysa (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Rendahl [H.], 1933:22] Notes: [ref. 3704]. Fem. Nemacheilus hutjertjuensis Rendahl, 1933. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Jayaram 1981:159 [ref. 6497]). •Valid as Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Menon 1987:197 [ref. 14149], Wu 1987:110 [ref. 12824], Zhu 1989:68 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Chen et al. 1992 [ref. 20028], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187], Zhou & Cui 1997:178 [ref. 23279], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:62 [ref. 23556], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:116 [ref. 23810], Li & Zhu 2000:396 [ref. 27938], Prokofiev 2001:193 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2002:468 [ref. 26268], Prokofiev 2003:53 [ref. 28070], Prokofiev 2004:182 [ref. 27939], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183], Chen et al. 2004:505 [ref. 28065], Proudlove 2006:90 [ref. 28992], Prokofiev 2006:598 [ref. 28811], Prokofiev 2006:236 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:5 [ref. 28990], Li et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29309], Prokofiev 2007:95 [ref. 30343], He et al. 2008:41 [ref. 29558], Cao & Zhang 2008:33 [ref. 29966], Chen et al. 2009:85 [ref. 30169], Zheng et al. 2009:221 [ref. 30217], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2009:895 [ref. 30604], Wu & Wang 2009:382 [ref. 30911], Zheng et al. 2010:29 [ref. 30841], Huo et al. 2010:101, 107 [ref. 31004], Prokofiev 2010:889, 893 [ref. 31096], He et al. 2011:150 [ref. 31463], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2011:566 [ref. 31447], Yang et al. 2012:169 [ref. 31483], Zheng et al 2012:831 [ref. 31820], Lin et al. 2012:640 [ref. 32193], Ren et al. 2012:187 [ref. 32330], He et al. 2012:272 [ref. 32339], Min et al. 2012:79 [ref. 32392], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32910], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae. (Deuterophysa) [ref. 3704]. Fem. Diplophysa strauchii Kessler, 1874. Type by original designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Deuterophysa Warren, 1889 in Lepidoptera; also an objective synonym of earlier Diplophysa Kessler, 1874 (also preoccupied). Didymophysa Whitley, 1950 a replacement for both as is Diplophysoides Fowler, 1958. •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 – (Zhu 1989:68 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae. (Didymophysa) [ref. 4713]. Fem. Diplophysa strauchii Kessler, 1874. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Deuterophysa Rendahl, 1933 and Diplophysa Kessler, 1874, both preoccupied. See also Diplophysoides Fowler, 1958, also a replacement for both genera. •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Zhu 1989:69 [ref. 17744] as Didymnophysa, Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205] as Didymnophysa, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096]. Kottelat 2012:112 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae. (Diplophysa) [ref. 2596]. Fem. Diplophysa strauchii Kessler, 1874. Type by subsequent designation. Type designation by Berg 1916:348. Objectively invalid; peoccupied by Diplophysa Gegenbaur, 1853 in Coelenterata. Deuterophysa Rendahl, 1933 based on same type is also preoccupied; both replaced by Didymophysa Whitley, 1950 and by Diplophysoides Fowler, 1958. •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Zhu 1989:68 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae. (Diplophysoides) [ref. 1470]. Masc. Diplophysa strauchii Kessler, 1874. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Diplophysa Kessler, 1874, preoccupied by Diplophysa Gegenbaur, 1853 in Coelenterata; also replacement for Deuterophysa Rendahl, 1933, preoccupied by Deuterophysa Warren, 1889 in Lepidoptera; both earlier replaced by Didymophysa Whitley. •Objective synonym of Didymophysa Whitley, 1950. •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Zhu 1989:69 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187] as Diplophsoides, Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae. (Tauphysa) [ref. 3704]. Fem. Diplophysa kungessana Kessler, 1879. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 -- (Zhu 1989:68 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:149 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:450 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2010:893 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933. Nemacheilidae.

Species Triplophysa akhtari (Lakshmanan, 1950) - Helmand River stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus akhtari Lakshmanan [M. A. V.], 1950:219, Fig. 1] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 47 (pt 2); ref. 12811] Helmand River, Afghanistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa akhtari (Laksmanan, 1959). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001 - Sichuan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev [A. M.], 2001:203, Figs. 19-24] Notes: [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Sichuan, China [possibly Dadu He River, eastern of Kangding (ca. 30°N, 102°E), Min River basin]. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa aliensis (Wu & Zhu, 1979) - Xiang-quan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus aliensis Wu [Y.-F.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], 1979:29, Fig. 9] Notes: [Fishes of Ali, Tibet 1979; ref. 8391] Xiang-quan River and Shi-quan River, Indus River system, Tibet, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aliensis (Wu & Zhu, 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tibet, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003 - Quaidam stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev [A. M.], 2003:63 [English p. 67], Fig. 25] Notes: [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences]. No. 1; ref. 28070] Eastern Quaidam area, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eastern Quaidam area, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa angeli (Fang, 1941) - Angel stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus angeli Fang [P.-W.], 1941:256] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 13173] Correct is Qingyijiang, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa angeli (Fang, 1941). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 1989 - Jinshajiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa (Triplophysa) anterodorsalis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W-X.] in Zhu 1989:106 (English p. 136), Fig. 73] Notes: [The loaches of the subfamily Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae).; ref. 17744] Tributary of the Jinshajiang River, Huidongxian County, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000 - Alu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa aluensis Li [Z.-X.] & Zhu [Z. G.], 2000:396 [Engl. 398], Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Science) v. 22 (no. 5) [2000]; ref. 27938] Underground stream, Alu limestone caves in Luxi County, 24°33'N, 103°45'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001 - Ba-tshu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev [A. M.], 2001:195, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Ba-tshu [Ba Qu?] River, tributary of Blue River [= Chang Jiang] (env. of Yushu), Qinghai, northwestern China (ca. 33°N, 92°E or 97°E). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eastern Quaidam, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006 - Kobdo stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev [A. M.], 2006:237, Figs. 1-37] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 86 (no. 2); ref. 29061] Stream connecting lakes Ayrag-Nuur and Khirgis-Nuur, Kobdo (= Chovd-Gol) River system, western Mongolia. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chovd-Gol River basin, western Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009 - Bashan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa bashanensis Xu [T.-Q.] & Wang [K.-F.], 2009:381, Triplophysa longchiensis Xu [T.-Q.] & Wang [K.-F.], 2009] Notes: [English 384], Figs. 2-6 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 30911] Bashan River, Huangjiabian, Loufand Village, Dahe Town, Xixiang County, 32°35'N, 107°27'E, Shaanxi Province, China, elevation 712 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shaanxi, China. Habitat: freshwater. (longchiensis) [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 30911] Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009. Nemacheilidae.

Species Triplophysa bellibarus (Tchang et al., 1963) - bellibarus stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bellibarus Tchang [T.-L.], Yueh [T.-H.] & Hwang [H.-C.], 1963:625, Figs. 4-7] Notes: [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 5591] Tso-Hwui-La, upper Nyang-Chu, southern Tibet, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bellibarus (Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1963). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) - Yenkiastsoun stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bleekeri Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:15] Notes: [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Yenkiatsoun, southern Shen Si, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888) - Gansu stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus robustus brachypterus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:40, Pl. 5 (fig. 1), Nemachilus minxianensis Wang [X.-T.] & Zhu [S. Q.], 1979:129, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Gansu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (minxianensis) [Bulletin Langchou University v. 4; ref. 21174] Upper drainage of Tau-He River, Yellow River system, Gansu Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912) - Kelat stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus brahui Zugmayer [E.], 1912:598] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 60); ref. 14897] Kelat, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 1993 - Mianning stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa brevibarba Ding [R.-H.], 1993:249 (English p. 251), Figs. 5-8, Triplophysa dingi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2010:895 (footnote)] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 21972] Mianning County, 28°34'N, 102°10'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2000 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mianning County, China. Habitat: freshwater. (dingi) [Journal of Ichthyology v.,50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Mianning County, 28°34'N, 102°10'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa brevibarbus Ding, 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) - Dabsun stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus stoliczkae brevicauda Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:23, Pl. 7 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Dabsun Gobi, Mongolia or China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China and Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 - Caka stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa cakaensis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], 1988:201 (English p. 204), Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 17647] Stream (Cakayanhu Lake drainage) near Caka town, Ulanxian County, 36°N, 98°E, Qinghai, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002 - Chandagaity stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa gundriseri chandagaitensis Prokofiev [A. M.], 2002:S55, Fig. 4a] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (suppl. 1); ref. 27462] Chandagaity River in the village of Chandagaity (Tuva Republic, Russia), 50°44'N, 92°08'E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chandagaity River, Tuva Republic, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888) - Bajan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus chondrostoma Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:36, Pl. 3 (fig. 7)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Bajan gol River, Mongolia or China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954) - Ters stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus conipterus Turdakov [F. A.], 1954:117, Nemachilus conipterus salari Turdakov [F. A.], 1954] Notes: [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 1; ref. 26732] Ters & Talas rivers, Kyrgyzstan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Talas River basin, Kyrgyzstan [subspecies conipterus]. Habitat: freshwater. (salari) [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 1; ref. 26732] Talas canal at Taschkent, Uzbekistan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle Syr-Darya basin, Uzbekistan [subspecies salari if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa crassilabris Ding, 1994 - Xia Man stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa crassilabris Ding [R.-H.], 1994:92] Notes: [English p. 610], Fig. 56 [The fishes of Sichuan, China; ref. 21531] Xia Man Lake, Sichuan, China, elevation 3400 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa crassilabris Ding, 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang, 1931) - San-kai-tien stone loach (author) [=Barbatula cuneicephalus Shaw [T.-H.] & Tchang [T.-L.], 1931:81, Fig. 10] Notes: [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zooogical Series) v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 16334] San-kai-tien, near Beijing [Peiping], China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang, 1931). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876) - Dalai-Nor stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa dalaica Kessler [K. T.], 1876:24, Pl. 3 (fig. 1), Nemacheilus djaggasteensis Rendahl [H.], 1922:1, Barbatula toni posteroventralis Nichols [J. T.], 1925:4] Notes: [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor] Lake, China, elevation 4200 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (djaggasteensis) [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 15377] Djaggaste [Liu-Tai], Mongolia. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (posteroventralis) [American Museum Novitates No. 171; ref. 3178] Chin-ssu [tzu], 16 miles southwest of Taiyuan, Shansi Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa daochengensis Wu et al., 2016 - Daocheng River stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa daochengensis Wu [Y.-Y.], Sun [Z.-Y.] & Guo [Y.-S.], 2016:291, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 37 (no. 5); ref. 34665] Daocheng River, at Shengmu Village, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, China, 29°02'55"N, 101°30'45"S, altitude 3,540 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa daochengensis Wu, Sun & Guo, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Daocheng River, Sichuan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding, 1993 - Daqiao stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding [R.-H.], 1993:247 (English p. 251), Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 21972] Daqiao, Mianning County, 28°41'N, 102°12'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2020 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding, 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa dongganensis Yang, in Lan et al., 2013 - Donggan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa dongganensis Yang [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(139) 257, Figs. 107-108] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Donggan Village, Chuanshan Counuty, Guangxi, China, 25.1°N, 107.9°E, elevation 488 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dongganensis Yang, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chuanshan County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872) - grey loach [=Cobitis dorsalis Kessler [K. T.], 1872:67 [23], Pl. 11 (figs. 34-35)] Notes: [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Yany-Kurgan, Syr Darya River, Tajikistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa dorsonotatus (Kessler, 1879) - Kunges stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus dorsonotatus Kessler [K. T.] 1879:309] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Kungès River, Ili basin, Kazahkstan, elevation 4000 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dorsonotatus (Kessler, 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak, 1990) - Drass stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus drassensis Tilak [R.], 1990:136, Fig. 1] Notes: [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 87 (no. 1-4); ref. 23720] Stream near Drass, Ladakh, India. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak, 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935) - Helmand stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus farwelli Hora [S. L.], 1935:799 [16], Pl. 1 (fig. 2); Fig. 4d] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 37 (pt 4); ref. 13887] Helmand River, Afghanistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afghanistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan, in Lan et al., 2013 - Lintong stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(135) 256, Figs. 104-105] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Lintong Town, Fengshan County, Guangxi, China, 24.8°N, 107.0°, elevation 850 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Fengshan County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang et al., 2004 - Hongshui stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang [J.-X.], Chen [Y.-R.] & Lan [J.-H.], 2004:113, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Guangxi Aquatic Product Science and Technology 2004 (no. 3); ref. 28066] Hongshui River system, Du'An [Duan] County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Du'an County, Hongshui [Hongshuihe] River system of Red River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa furva Zhu, 1992 - Urumqi stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa furva Zhu [S.-Q.], 1992:242 [246], Figs. 3-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] Ürümqi River, near the Hongyanchi Reservoir, Ürümqi City, 43°47'N, 87°37'E, Xinjiang Uygur, Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa furva Zhu, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu, 1990 - Fuxian stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang [J.-X.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1990:377 [383], Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 16188] Lake Fuxian [Fuxianhu], 24°32'N, 103°55'E, Nanpan basin, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Fuzian, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen, 1979) - Gejiu stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus gejiuensis Chu [S.-L.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1979:285 [English p. 287], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 8838] 400 meters deep, in underground river at Gejiu City, Bajianjing 4 kilometers from Qiafang, 23°16'N, 103°09'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen, 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 - Chaco stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], 1988:202 (English p. 204), Figs. 4-5] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 17647] Stream (Chaco Lake drainage) near Gerze County, China, 32°N, 84°E, elevation 4370 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa gracilis (Day, 1877) - Basgo stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus gracilis Day [F.], 1877:798, Nemachilus deterrai Hora [S. L.], 1936:311, Pl. 12 (figs. 5-6)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876 (pt 4); ref. 14207] Basgo, on headwaters of the Indus River, Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gracilis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and India. Habitat: freshwater. (deterrai) [Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences v. 10 (art. 17); ref. 10431] Man Lagoon, Kashmir, Ladakh, India. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa gracilis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906) - Graham's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus grahami Regan [C. T.], 1906:333] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 99) (art. 43); ref. 15706] Yunnan Fu, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868) - Griffith's stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus griffithii Günther [A.], 1868:360, Nemacheilus naziri Ahmad [N. ud-D.] & Mirza [M. R.], 1963:76, Figs. 1-2, Noemacheilus griffithi hazaraensis Omer [T.] & Mirza [M. R.], 1975:203, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Correct: Arghandab, near Kandahr, Afganistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan. Habitat: freshwater. (naziri) [Pakistan Journal of Science v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 3863] Madyan stream near Madyan, Swat State, Pakistan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater (hazaraensis) [Biologia (Lahore) v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 7454] Ilyasi Masjid springs, Hazara District, Pakistan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002 - Gundriser's stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev [A. M.], 2002:S47, Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser [A. N.], 1962:253, Fig. 4] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (suppl. 1); ref. 27462] Tes-Khem River, 25 kilometers northwest of Erzin (Tuva Reublic, Russia), 50°27"N, 95°01'E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northwestern Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater. (humilis) [Ucenye Zapiski, Tomskij Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Gosudarstvennyj Universitet Imeni V. V. Kujbyseva. [Ученые Записки, Томский Государственный Университет имени В. В. Куйьышева ] No. 44; ref. 27463] Tes-Khem River, 25 kilometers northwest of Erzin (Tuva Republic, Russia), 50°27"N, 95°01'E. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa hexiensis Zhao & Wang, 1988 - Hexi stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus dorsonotatus hexiensis Zhao [T.-Q.] & Wang [X.-T.], 1988:113 [English p. 119], Fig. 2] Notes: [Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Science v. 24 (no. 4); ref. 17739] Ruoshui River and Shiyang River, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhau & Wang, 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu, 1992 - Huanghe stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1992:244 [247], Figs. 7-10] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] A stream of the Huanghe River near Hanshutaucun Village, 35°11'N, 110°05'E, Heyangxian County, Shaanxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001 - Hialmar's stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev [A. M.], 2001:198, Figs. 7-12] Notes: [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Ba-tshu [Ba Qu?] River, tributary of Blue River [= Chang Jiang] (near Yushu), Qinghai, northwestern China (ca. 33°N, 92°E). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl, 1933) - Hsutschou stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus hsutschouensis Rendahl [H.], 1933:41] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Hsutschou, Etsin Gol [Kansu], trib of Ruo Shui River, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, in Anonymous, 1992 - Shaanxi stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, in Anonymous, 1992:83, Fig. 3-87] Notes: [Samagra; ref. 32436] Shaanxi, Huang Long County, Baima village, upper reaches of Ju He, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang et al., 2011 - Huanjiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang [J.], Wu [T.-J.] & Lan [J.-H.], 2011:567, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 32 (no. 5); ref. 31447] 25°06'02.6"N, 108°00'01"E, Huanjiang County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng et al., 2012 - Huaping stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng [L.-P.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2012:832, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 80 (no. 4); ref. 31820] Hongshuihe River drainage, Huaping town, Leye County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshuihe River drainage, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933) - Hutjertju stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus (Triplophysa) hutjertjuensis Rendahl [H.], 1933:28] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Hutjertju Gol, Mongolia. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888) - Dol stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus bombifrons incipiens Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:73] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Dol and Sampula, Karienses Mts., China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern slopes of Karakurum Mountains, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876) - Hu-lun stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa intermedia Kessler [K. T.], 1876:28, Pl. 3 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor] Lake, China, elevation 4200 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng et al., 2010 - Jianchuan stone loach [=Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng [L.-P.], Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2010:29, Fig. 1] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 30841] Jiangkou spring, Lancangjiang River basin, Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 26°31'22.6"N, 99°57'30.4"E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lancangjiang [Mekong] River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin et al., 2012 - Shuijingwan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin [Y.], Li [C.] & Song [J.-K.], 2012:641, Figs. 1-10] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 37 (no. 3); ref. 32193] Shuijingwan Cave, 25°28'N, 108°06'E, Jiarong Town, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin, Li & Song, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shuijingwan Cave, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1948) - Kafirnigan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus dorsalis kafirnigani Turdakov [F. A.] 1948:58] Notes: [Trudy Kirgizskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta v. 1 (no. 1) for 1946; ref. 21173] Kafirnigan River, tributary Of Amu-Daya River, near Stalinabad [Dyushanbe], Tadzhikistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1948). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tributaries of the Syr-Darya River, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922) - Verinag stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus kashmirensis Hora [S. L.], 1922:76] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 24; ref. 15348] Verinag, Kukarnag and a small stream flowing from the Kashmir waterworks reservoir to the trout farm at Harwan, India. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and Kashmir. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev, 2004 - Kaznakow's stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2004:195, Figs. 54-75] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 83 (no. 2); ref. 27939] "Tuguryuk River valley" (= Nom-Gol River flowing down from the extreme eastern escarps of Tien-Shan Mountains and disappearing in the sands of the Nomin-Gobi Desert, about 42°N, 96°E, Xinijang [sic]-Uighur Autonomous Region, China). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tuguryuk River valley, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa kullmanni Banarescu et al., 1975 - Kullmann's stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu [P. M.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Ladiges [W.], 1975:40, Fig.] Notes: [Zeitschrift Koelner Zoo v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 7408] Ab-e-Nawar spring, source of a salt lake, which dries up in the summer, central Afghanistan, elevation 3100 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879) - Ili stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa kungessana Kessler [K. T.], 1879:286] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Kungès River, Ili basin, Kazakhstan, elevation 4000 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Ili River basin, Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874) - plain thicklip loach [=Diplophysa labiata Kessler [K. T.], 1874:59, Pl. 8 (fig. 40), Nemachilus labiatus conjungens Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:84, Pl. 4 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Urdjar River, tributary to Lake Alakul, Kyrguzstan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China and Kazakhstan, introduced in Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater. (conjungens) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Chorgos River, tributary of Ili River, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1928) - Karakul stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus stoliczkai var. lacusnigri Berg [L. S.], 1928:25, Pl. 1] Notes: [Pamirskaia eksoeditsiia 1928 g.: trudy eksoeditsii v. 8; ref. 16472] Karakul Lake and tributary, Pamir Plateau, Tajikistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1928). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pamir Plateau, Tajikistan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa lacustris Yang & Chu, 1990 - Xinyun stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa lacustris Yang [J.-X.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1990:380 [383], Fig. 3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 16188] Lake Xinyun [Xingyunha], 24°20'N, 102°45'E, Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa lacustris Yang & Chu, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Xinyun, Yunnan Provinve, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa langpingensis Yang, in Lan et al., 2013 - Langping stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa langpingensis Yang [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(131) 256, Figs. 101-102] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Langping Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi, China, 24.6°N. 106.3°E, elevation 830 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa langpingensis Yang, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tianlin County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa laterimaculata Li et al., 2007 - Kezile stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa laterimaculata Li [J.-L.], Liu [N.-F.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2007:48, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1605; ref. 29309] Kezile River, tributary of Tarim River, about 39°N, 76°E, Huangdi Town, Shufu County, Kashigar City, Xinjiang, northwestern China, elevation 1441 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa laterimaculata Li, Liu & Yang, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kezile River, tributary of Tarim River, northwestern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997 - Luxhijiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa laticeps Zhou [W.] & Cui [G.-H.], 1997:179, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23279] Luzhijiang, a tributary of the Yuanjiang River basin, near Lufeng City, 25°15'N, 102°03'E, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 1600 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888) - Schuga stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus stoliczkae leptosoma Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:23, Pl. 1 (fig. 2), Nemachilus stoliczkae productus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:23, Pl. 1 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Schuga River, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tibet and China. Habitat: freshwater. (productus) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Tributaries of Hwang He [Chuan che] River, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa lihuensis Wu et al., 2012 - Lihu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa lihuensis Wu [T.-J.], Yang [J.] & Lan [J.-H.], 2012:875, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 51 (no. 6); ref. 32311] A cave in Renguang Vill., Lihu Town, Nandan Co., Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 25°09'45.5"N, 107°43'4.5"E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa lihuensis Wu, Yang & Lan, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Zhuang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa lingyunensis (Liao et al., 1997) - Lingyun stone loach (author) [=Schistura ingyunensis Liao [J.-W.], Wang [D.-H.] & Luo [Z.-F.], 1997:4, Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Academiae Medicinae Zunyi v. 20 (nos 2-3); ref. 28159] Guancang village, ca. 24°25'N, 106°30'E, Lingyun County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa lingyunensis (Liao, Wang & Luo, 1997). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa lixianensis He et al., 2008 - Zaguanao stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa lixianensis He, Song [Z.-B.] & Zhang [E.], 2008:42, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1739; ref. 29558] Zagunao River, a tributary on the western bank of the Min Jiang of the upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] drainage, at Jiujiapeng village, 31°33'N, 102°52'E, Lixian County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, elevation 2450 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa lixianensis He, Song & Zhang, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Zaguanao River, tributary flowing to the Min Jiang of the upper Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa longianguis Wu & Wu, 1984 - Summ stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa longianguis Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], 1984:327 [329], Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 8195] Lake Sumn Cuo, Jigzhi County, Qinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa longianguis Wu & Wu, 1984. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa longibarbata (Chen et al., 1998) - Libo stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis longibarbatus Chen [Y.-R.], Yang [J.-X.], Sket [B.] & Aljancic [G.], 1998:59] Notes: [English p. 62], Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 23721] In a cave, 13 kilometers northeast of Libo, about 25°15'N, 108°00'E, Libo County, Guizhou, China, elevation about 500 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa longibarbata (Chen, Yang, Sket & Aljancic, 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Liujiang River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng et al., 2009 - Xunle stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng [L.-P.], Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2009:[1], Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 85 (no. 3); ref. 30217] Cave in Xunle town, Liujiang River basin, Huanjiang County, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomos Region, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Liujiang River basin, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa longliensis Ren et al., 2012 - Longli stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa longliensis Ren [Q.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2012:188, Fig. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32330] Yudonghe River (26°14′53.87″N, 106°52′59.51″E), a tributary of Hongshuihe River (upper reach of Pearl River), at Baisheng Village, Longli County, Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa longliensis Ren, Yang & Chen, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa macrocephala Yang et al., 2012 - Renguang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa macrocephala Yang [Y.], Wu [T.-J.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2012:170, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 93 (no. 2); ref. 31483] Renguang village, 25°10'15"N, 107°43'50"E, Lihu Town, Nandan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa macrocephala Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karst cave in Renguang village, Hongshuihe River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa macromaculata Yang, in Wu, 1990 - Yiliang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa macromaculata Yang [J.-X.], in Wu, 1990:58, Fig. 53] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Yiliang, Yunnan Province, Nanpan River basin, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa macromaculata Yang, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanppan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu & Guo, 1985 - Goujie stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu [S.-Q.] & Guo [Q.-Z.], 1985:323 [325], Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 6100] Goujie, Nanpanjiang River drainage, 27°30'N, 104°E, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu & Guo, 1985. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa maolanensis (Li et al., 2006) - Maolan stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis maolanensis Li [W.-X.], Ran [J.-C.] & Chen [H.-M.], 2006:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 29056] Cave Maolan in Libo County, 25°25'04"N, 107°52'E [25°23'N, 108°04'E], Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa maolanensis (Li, Ran & Chen, 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guizhou Province, China (in valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa markehenensis (Zhu & Wu, 1981) - Marke stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus pseudoscleropterus markehenensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wu [Y.-F.], 1981:223] Notes: [English p. 224], Fig. 4 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 8523] Marke He (Baiyu, jigzhi Xian), Qinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa markehenensis (Zhu & Wu, 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838) - Kashmir stone loach (author) [=Cobitis marmorata Heckel [J. J.], 1838:76, Pl. 12 (figs. 1-2), Cobitis vittata Heckel [J. J.], 1838:80, Pl. 12 (figs. 3-4)] Notes: [Fische aus Caschmir; ref. 2063] Kashmir lakes. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and Kashmir. Habitat: freshwater. (vittata) [Fische aus Caschmir; ref. 2063] Kashmir lakes. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa microphthalma (Liao et al., 1997) - Weng'an stone loach (author) [=Schistura dabryi microphthalmus Liao [J.-W.], Wang [D.-H.] & Luo [Z.-F.], 1997:4, Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Academiae Medicinae Zunyi v. 20 (nos 2-3); ref. 28159] Hawk cave, ca. 26°53'N, 107°02'E, Weng'an County, Guizhou, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa microphthalma (Liao,Wang & Luo, 1997). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guishou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa microphysa (Fang, 1935) - microphysa stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus (Deterophysa) microphysus Fang [P.-W.], 1935:753, Fig. 3] Notes: [Sinensia v. 6 (no. 6); ref. 17141] Headwaters of Ili River system, northern Zinjiang, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa microphysa (Fang, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Headwaters of Ili River system, northern Zinjiang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866) - Phirse-Bach stone loach (author) [=Cobitis microps Steindachner [F.], 1866:794, Pl. 13 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Lei [Leh] and Phirse-Bach. Manechan in Rupshu, India, elevation about 16000 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Indus River: Pakistan, Kashmir, India and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa minxianensis (Wang & Zhu, 1979) - Tau-He River stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus minxianensis Wang [X.-T.] & Zhu [S. Q.], 1979:129, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin Langchou University v. 4; ref. 21174] Upper drainage of Tau-He River, Yellow River system, Gansu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa minxianensis (Wang & Zhu, 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yellow River system, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa moquensis Ding, 1994 - Moqu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa moquensis Ding [R.-H.], 1994:69 [English p. 609], Fig. 35] Notes: [The fishes of Sichuan, China; ref. 21531] Xia Man Lake, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa moquensis Ding, 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa nandanensis Lan et al., 1995 - Ma-yang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa nandanensis Lan [J.-H.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1995:368 [English 371], Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 23184] Outlet of an underground river (25°18'N, 107°24'E), at Ma-yang Village, Liuzhai Town, Nandan County, Guangxi, China, Hongshuihe River basin. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshuihe River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988) - Nanpanjiang stone loach (author) [=Oreias dabryi nanpanjiangensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1988:98 [100], Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 17743] Outlet of subterranean waters near Haijiashao, Zhanyixian [Zhanyi] Nanpanjiang River basin, County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001 - nasobarbatula stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang [D.-Z.] & Li [D.-J.], 2001:101, fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 25249] Weng'ang town, ca. 25°14'N, 107°54'E, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Liujiang River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu & Wu, 1988 - Ninglang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], 1988:19 [24], Fig. 3] Notes: [Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica No. 8; ref. 21206] Ninglang River, Ninglang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu & Wu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen et al., 2004 - Nu Jiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen [X.-Y.], Cui [G.-H.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2004:505, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 25 (no.6); ref. 28065] Main stream of Nu Jiang (Salween) River, Nanjiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa obscura Wang, in Chen et al., 1987 - Bailungjiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa obscura Wang [X.-T.], in Chen, Xu, Fang, Song & Wang, 1987:28] Notes: [English p. 243], Fig. 15 [Fishes in Qinling Mountain area.; ref. 21175] Upper Bailungjiang, tributary of Jialingjiang, Diebu Xian, Gansu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa obscura Wang, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu & Wu, 1988 - Kar Qu stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], 1988:197 [200], Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 17736] Lake at the source of the Kar Qu in the sources of the Huanghe River, 38°48'N, 96°24'E, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu & Wu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888) - Chuan-Che stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus kungessanus orientalis Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:44, Pl. 6 (fig. 2), Nemachilus kungessanus elongatus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:44, Pl. 5 (fig. 3), Triplophysa orientalis hwanghoensis Prokofiev [A. M.], 2016:205, Figs. 1h-j] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Tsaidam [Zaidam], Chuan-Che River, Qinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (elongatus) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Nomochun gol [Nemachun-gol], Mongolia or China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (hwanghoensis) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 34459] Fl. Chwan-che, pr. Gomi, upper reaches of the Huang He (Hwang-ho) River, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Huang He (Hwang-ho) River, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879) - Juldus stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa papillosolabiata Kessler [K. T.], 1879:299] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Juldus and Balantaigol rivers, Tarim River system, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tarim-Yarkland River system, Xinjiang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa pappenheimi (Fang, 1935) - Si-ning-fu stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pappenheimi Fang [P.-W.], 1935:761, Figs. 8-9] Notes: [Sinensia v. 6 (no. 6); ref. 17141] Si-ning-fu, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa pappenheimi (Fang, 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955) - paradoxa stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus paradoxus Turdakov [F. A.], 1955:153] Notes: [Ucenye Zapiski Biologo Pouvennogo Fakul'teta, Kirgizskij Gosudartvennyj Universitet v. 5; ref. 21483] Karakol River, Talass River basin, Kyrgyzstan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Talas River basin, Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa parvus Chen et al., 2009 - Jialonghe stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa parvus Chen, Li [W.-X.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2009:86, Figs. 2, 3A] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 248 (no. 2); ref. 30169] Jialonghe River, 24°57'N, 103°07'E, between Yangzonghai Lake to the Nanpanjiang River, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China, elevatione 1770 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa parvus Chen, Li & Yang, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia: Jialonghe River, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa plagiognathus (Herzenstein, 1888) - plagiognathus stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus dorsonotatus plagiognathus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:33, Pls. 5 (fig. 5), 7 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Kunges River, elevation 4000 feet, Gansu Province; Lake Koko [Kuku-nor], Quinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa plagiognathus (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding, in Ding et al., 1996 - Minjiang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding [R.-H.], in Ding, Fang & Fang, 1996:11] Notes: [Sichuan Journal of Zoology v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 23186] Stream in upper Minjiang River, Sanjiang Village, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding, 1996. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Min Jiang River, Sichuan Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa posterodorsalus (Li et al., in Ran et al., 2006) - posterodorsalus stone loach (author) [=Paracobitis posterodorsalus Li [W.-X.], Ran [J.-C.] & Chen [H.-M.], in Ran, Li & Chen, 2006:81] Notes: [Guangxi Shifan Daxue Xuebao Ziran Kexue Ban v. 24 (no. 3); ref. 28951] Cave in Nandan County, 25°02'N, 107°36'E [24°59'N, 107°32'E], Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa posterodorsalus (Li, Ran & Chen 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi, China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (Zhu & Wu, 1981) - Golmud stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus pseudoscleropterus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wu [Y.-F.], 1981:221] Notes: [English p. 224], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 8523] Tributary of Golmud He (Qaidam Pendi), Qinghai Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (Zhu & Wu, 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa pseudostenura He et al., 2012 - Yalong stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa pseudostenura He [C.-L.], Zhang [E] & Song [Z.-B.], 2012:273, Figs. 1A, 2A & C, 3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32339] Yalong River (tributary of upper Yangtze River drainage), at Gala village (99°58’2.20’’E, 31°37’2.76’’N), Ganzi County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, elevation 3350 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa pseudostenura He, Zhang & Song, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yalong River, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa qilianensis Li et al., 2015 - Zhamashi stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa qilianensis Li [W. J.], Chen [X. C.] & Hu [Y. P.], 2015:418, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 3905 (no. 3); ref. 33642] Zhamashi Town, Heihe River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, China, 38°17'23.8"N, 99°49'50.1"E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa qilianensis Li, Chen & Hu, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Heihe River, Qinghai Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li & Yang, in Li et al., 2008 - Nijiao stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li [W.-X.] & Yang [H.-F.], in Li et al., 2008:674, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 29 (no. 6); ref. 29925] Underground water cave near Nijiao Village, Qiubei County (24°05'N, 104°01°E), Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li & Yang, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cave near Nijiao Village, Nanpan River basin, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876) - robust stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus robustus Kessler [K. T.], 1876:32] Notes: [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Gansu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa rosa Chen & Yang, 2005 - Dongba stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa rosa Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2005:599, Fig. 2] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 66 (no. 3); ref. 28119] Subterranean pool of Dongba Cave, 29°13'40.44"N, 107°55'16.46'E, Wu Jiang drainage, Jiangkou Town, Tianxing Town, Chongqing City, Wulong County, China, 581 meters deep, elevation 314 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa rosa Chen & Yang, 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Wulong County, Chongqing Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007 - Datzan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev [A. M.], 2007:13? [Engl. 9], Fig. 4a-e] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 47 (no. 1); ref. 28990] Datzan Sume, in proximinity of Donkyr, Quaidam, Tibet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tibet. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888) - Bajangol stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus scleropterus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:54, Pl. 6 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Bajangol, Chuan che River, near Gomi, Lake Kuku Nor, Ganssu, now flooded in Longyangxia, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925) - Chin-ssu stone loach (author) [=Barbatula yarkandensis sellaefer Nichols [J. T.], 1925:4] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 171; ref. 3178] Chin-ssu [tsu], 16 miles southwest of Taiyuan, Shansi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa sewerzowi (Nikolskii, 1938) - Severtsov's stone loach [=Nemachilus sewerzowi Nikolskii [G. V.], 1938:319, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Section Biologique (n. s.) v. 47 (nos 5-6); ref. 17210] Lower part of Kaskelen River, 2 kilometers above mouth, Ili River basin, Kazakhstan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa sewerzowi (Nikolskii, 1938). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Ili River basin, southeastern Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen, in Chen et al., 1987 - Chen's Shaanxi stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen [J.-X.], in Chen, Xu, Fang, Song & Wang, 1987:21] Notes: [English p. 242], Fig. 8 [Fishes in Qinling Mountain area.; ref. 21175] Tongchuan Xian, Shaanxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa shehensis Menon, in Tilec, 1987 - Ladakh stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa shehensis Menon [A. G. K.], in Telic, 1987:212, Noemacheilus shehensis Tilak [R.], 1990:138, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Ladakh, India. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater. (shehensis) [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 87 (no. 1-4); ref. 23720] Irrigation canal at Sheh, nearly 12 kilometerss east of Leh, Ladakh, Sheh, India. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa shilinensis Chen & Yang, in Chen et al., 1992 - Weiboyi stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa shilinensis Chen [Y.-R.] & Yang [J.-X.], in Chen, Yang & Xu, 1992:17, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 20028] Underground cave at Weiboyi village near Stone Forest, ca. 24°47'N, 103°22'E, Lunan [Shilin] County, Yunnan Province, Nanpan River basin, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa shilinensis Chen & Yang, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa shiyangensis (Zhao & Wang, 1983) - Shiyang stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus shiyangensis Zhao [T.-Q.] & Wang [X.-T.], 1983:97, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Science v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 21318] Gansu, Leitai He stream near Wuwei (13°55'N, 102°38"W), Shiyang He River system, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa shiyangensis (Zhao & Wang, 1983). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Gansu, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888) - siluroides stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus siluroides Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:62, Pls. 7 (fig. 1), 8 (fig. 10)] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Chuan Che River, near Gomi, elevation 7000 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mainstream of upper Yellow River, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888) - Dy Tdchum stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus stenurus Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:64, Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Nemachilus lhasae Regan [C. T.], 1905:301] Notes: [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Dy Tdchum, Tibet, elevation 12700-14200 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze, upper Mekong, uper Salween and Brahmaputra river drainages. Habitat: freshwater. (lhasae) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 87) (art. 34); ref. 15380] Lhasa, Tibet. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922) - Stewart's stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa stewarti Hora [S. L.], 1922:70, Figs. 2c, 2d, Nemachilus longianalis Ren [M.] & Wu [Y.], 1982:82 (English p. 86), Fig. 2, Nemachilus panguri Hora [S. L.], 1936:318, Pl. 12 (figs. 3-4); Figs. 8-9, Nemachilus longianalis tangtianhensis Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], 1988:21 [24], Fig. 4] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 24; ref. 15348] Small stream flowing into Rham-tso, eastern Tibet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tibet and China. Habitat: freshwater. (longianalis) [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 8426] Nam Cuo Lake, northeastern Tibet, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (panguri) [Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences v. 10 (art. 17); ref. 10431] Pangur Tso and Tso Nyak, Kashmir, India. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tangtianhensis) [Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica No. 8; ref. 21206] Mouth of the Dangqu River, upper reaches of the Tangtianhe River, Qinghai Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner, 1866) - Tibetan stone loach [=Cobitis stolickai Steindachner [F.], 1866:793, Pl. 14 (fig. 2), Nemachilus akhtari Lakshmanan [M. A. V.], 1950:219, Fig. 1] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Umgebung River, Rupshu Province, western Tibet, elevation 15550 feet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan, India, China and Tibet. Habitat: freshwater. (akhtari) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 47 (pt 2); ref. 12811] Helmund River, Afghanistan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner, 1866). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Afganistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874) - Strauch's stone loach (author) [=Diplophysa strauchii Kessler [K. T.], 1874:58, Pl. 8 (fig. 40), Diplophysa strauchi ulacholica var. pedaschenkoi Berg [L. S.], 1931:312, Fig. 2, Nemachilus ruzskyi Nekrashevich [N. G.], 1948:121, Nemachilus strauchii transiens Herzenstein [S. M.], 1888:50, Nemachilus strauchi zaisanicus Menshikov [M. I.], 1937:441] Notes: [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Ili River and Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan (and possibly China). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (pedaschenkoi) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 96 (nos 11/12); ref. 16258] Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ruzskyi) [Uchenye Zapinski Tomskogo Universiteta No. 11; ref. 21176] Lake Alakul, Kazakhstan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (transiens) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Tschert Scher, Xinjian, Chana. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. (zaisanicus) [C. R. Acad. Sci. Moscow v. 17 (no. 8); ref. 15289] Kazakhstan at Karasu River at Akdzhar, Tarbagatai region, between 47° and 48°N, 53° and 54°E, Lake Zaisan basin, 40 kilometers from the lake, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tanggulaensis (Zhu, 1982) - Tanggula stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus tanggulaensis Zhu [S.-Q.], 1982:223 [224], Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 8387] Hot springs of Wenquan, between Yanshiping and Tanggula Shankou, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tanggulaensis (Zhu, 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866) - Hanle stone loach (author) [=Cobitis tenuicauda Steindachner [F.], 1866:792, Pl. 17 (fig. 3), Nemachilus ladacensis Günther [A.], 1868:356] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Stream near Hanle monastery, Hanle, Tibet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Indus River system: India, Pakistan and Tibet. Habitat: freshwater. (ladacensis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Ladakh, India. Current status: Synonym of Triplopyhsa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Tibet (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tenuis (Day, 1877) - Aktash stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus tenuis Day [F.], 1877:796] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876 (pt 4); ref. 14207] Aktash (12600 eet) where waters of Ak-su pass to Oxus; Yankihissar (4320 feet) where rivers go to Yarkand River. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tenuis (Day, 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Triplophysa tianeensis Chen et al., 2004 - Tian'e stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa tianeensis Chen [X.-Y.], Cui [G.-H.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2004:228, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 27818] Undeground river of Hongshuihe, Bala town, 24°58'N, 107°02'E, Tian'e County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tianeensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshuihe River basin, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tianlinensis Li et al., 2016 - Karst stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa tianlinensis Li [J.], Li [X.-H.], Lan [J.-H.] & Du [L.-N.], 2016:[2], Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Research; ref. 35021] Karst cave, Hongxing Village, Langping Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, China, 24.6167°N, 106.2739°E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tianlinensis Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Honshui River system, Pearl River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tianxingensis Yang et al., 2016 - Longtao stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa tianxingensis Yang [H.-F.], Li [W.-X.] & Chen [Z.-M.], 2016:297, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 37 (no. 5); ref. 34677] Seasonal pond connected to subterranean waters in Longtao Village, Tianxing Township, Qiubei County, Yunnan, China, 23°56'29.0"N, 104°13'04.0"E. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tianxingensis Yang, Li & Chen, 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Qingshuijiang River basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905) - Regan's Tibetan stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus tibetanus Regan [C. T.], 1905:187] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 86); ref. 15379] Lhasa, Tibet. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tibet. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa trewavasae Mirza & Ahmad, 1990 - Yasin stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa trewavasae Mirza [M. R.] & Ahmad [S.], 1990:317, Fig. 1] Notes: [Pakistan Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 19160] Yasin Valley in the northern Areas (near Rest House of Yasin), Pakistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa trewavasae Mirza & Ahmad, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa turpanensis Wu & Wu, in Wu & Wu, 1992 - Turpan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa (Triplophysa) turpanensis Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.], in Wu & Wu, 1992:175 [English p. 584], Fig. 35] Notes: [The fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; ref. 21205] River in Turpan City, Xinjiang, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa turpanensis Wu & Wu, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin, 1905) - Issyk-kul naked loach [=Nemachilus ulacholicus Anikin [V. P.], 1905:3, Nemachilus strauchi dorsaloides Turdakov [F. A.], 1947:155] Notes: [Description of new fish species from Asia; ref. 15920] Issyk-Kul Lake, mouth of Ulakhol River, Kyrgyzstan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin, 1905). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Issyk-Kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater. (dorsaloides) [Trudy Biol. Inst. Kirgizskogo Filiala Akad. Nauch v. 1; ref. 21177] Tyupsky Bay, Issyk-kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin, 1905). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872) - Iskander-Kul stone loach (author) [=Cobitis uranoscopus Kessler [K. T.], 1872:66 [22], Pl. 11 (figs. 32-33), Nemachilus fedtschenkoae Nikolskii [A. M.], 1903:93] Notes: [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Lake Iskander-Kul, Khodjaduk [Khodzauk], Tajikistan. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tajikistan. Habitat: freshwater. (fedtschenkoae) [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 8; ref. 15036] Murgab River, Tajikistan. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa venusta Zhu & Cao, 1988 - Heilongtang stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa venusta Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1988:96 [100], Figs. 3-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 17743] Heilongtang Pond near Lijiang County town (26°53'N, 100°14'E), Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa venusta Zhu & Cao, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa waisihani Cao & Zhang, 2008 - Kax stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa waisihani Cao [L.] & Zhang [E.], 2008:35, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1932; ref. 29966] Kax River, tributary of the Ili River drainage at Dunmaza Town (43°82'N, 81°53'E), Yinging County, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa waisihani Cao & Zhang, 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kax River, tributary of the Ili River, and Manas River drainage, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa wuweiensis (Li & Chang, 1974) - Wuwei stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus wuweiensis Li [S.-C.] & Chang [S.-Y.], 1974:415 (English p. 418), Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 7515] Wuwei-Hsien, Gansu Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa wuweiensis (Li & Chang, 1974). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li, 2004 - Xiangshuing stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li [W.-X.], 2004:93, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 28170] Xiangshuing village, ca. 24°52'N, 103°21'E, Nanpan River basin, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang et al., 1986) - Xiangxi stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus xiangxiensis Yang [G.-Y.], Yuan [F.-X.] & Liao [Y.-M.], 1986:219, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 20985] Feihu Dong (= cave), about 27°27'N, 109°26'E, Huoyan Township, northwestern Longshan County, Xiangxi, Hunan Province, China, subterranean water, Yuan River system, 20 meters underground. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang, Yuan & Liao, 1986). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Hunan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 1989 - Anninghe stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa (Triplophysa) xichangensis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], in Zhu, 1989:79 (English p. 136), Fig. 53] Notes: [The loaches of the subfamily Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae).; ref. 17744] Anninghe River, Xichangxian County, Sichuan, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa xingshanensis (Yang & Xie, 1983) - Xiangqi stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus xingshanensis Yang [G.-R.] & Xie [C.-X.], 1983:314 [316], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 8262] Xiangqi River, tributary of Chanjiang River, Xingshan County, western Hubei Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa xingshanensis (Yang & Xie, 1983). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding & Lai, 1996 - Sikai stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding [R.-H.] & Lai [Q.], 1996:374 [English p. 376], Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 23722] Sikai village, Zhaojuexian County, 27°55'N, 102°45'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2200 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding & Lai, 1996. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa yajiangensis Yan et al., 2015 - Yalong stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa yajiangensis Yan [S.-L.], Sun [Z.-Y.] & Guo [Y.-S.], 2015:299, Figs. 1-9] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 36 (no. 5); ref. 33966] Yalong River, at lime kiln, downstream of Yajiang City, China, 29°59'51"N, 101°00'49"E, elevation 2560 meters. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa yajiangensis Yan, Sun & Guo, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yalong River, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu et al., in Zhang et al., 1995 - Jinsha stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu [T.-Q.], Zhang [C.-G.] & Cai [B.], in Zhang, Cai & Xu, 1995:57, Fig. 11] Notes: [Fishes and Fish Res. Xizang, China; ref. 22734] Jinsha Jiang River system, Gonguue County 30.9°N, 98.2°E, Xizang [Tibet], China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai, 1995. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang, in Wu, 1990 - Nanpang Yunnan stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang [J.-X.], in Wu, 1990:56, Fig. 51] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Yiliang, about 25°00'N, 103°23'E, Nanpang River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpang River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006 - Lukchun stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev [A. M.], 2006:244, Figs. 40-65] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 86 (no. 2); ref. 29061] Swampy creeks of Lukchun oasis, Turfan Depression, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tufan Depression, Xinjiang, northwestern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang & Li, 2001 - Zhenfeng stone loach (author) [=Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang [D.-Z.] & Li [D.-J.], 2001:101, Fig. 2] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 25249] Zhenfeng County, Longchang town, ca. 25°32'N, 105°12'E, Beipan River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang & Li, 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Beipan River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater GENUS Troglocobitis Parin, 1983 - troglobitic stone loaches [=Troglocobitis (subgenus of Noemacheilus) Parin [N. V.], 1983:83] Notes: [ref. 8287]. Fem. Noemacheilus starostini Parin, 1983. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (authors). •Valid as Troglocobitis Parin, 1983 -- (Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Proudlove 2006:88 [ref. 28992], Prokofiev 2009:895 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:133 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Troglocobitis Parin, 1983. Nemacheilidae.

Species Troglocobitis starostini (Parin, 1983) - Starostin's stone loach [=Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin [N. V.], 1983:83, Fig.] Notes: [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 8287] In sinkholes, foothills of Khrebet Kugitangtau mountains east of Karlyuk village, Chardzhouskaya Obl., Turkilometersenistan. Current status: Valid as Troglocobitis starostini (Parin, 1983). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Turkmenistan. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Troglonectes Zhang et al., 2016 - troglobitic stone loaches [=Troglonectes Zhang [C.-G.], Zhao [Y.-H.] & Tang [L.], 2016:146] Notes: [ref. 34477]. Masc. Oreonectes furcocaudalis Zhu & Cao, 1987. Type by original designation. •Valid as Troglonectes Zhang, Zhao & Tang, 2016. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes Zhang, Zhao & Tang, 2016. Nemacheilidae.

Species Troglonectes acridorsalis (Lan, in Lan et al., 2013) - Brama troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes acridorsalis Lan [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(68) 252, Figs. 50-51] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cave in Brama town (The Hongshui River), Tian'e County, 24.9°N, 107.2°E, Guangxi, China, elevation 286 meters. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes acridorsalis (Lan, 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes barbatus (Gan, in Lan et al., 2013) - Lihu troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes barbatus Gan [X.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(72) 252, Figs. 53-54] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cave in Lihu Town, (the Dagou River), Nandan County, Guangxi, China 25.2°N, 107.7°E, elevation 484 meters. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes barbatus (Gan, 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cave, Nandan County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes elongatus (Tang et al., 2012) - Donglei troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes elongatus Tang [L.], Zhao [Y.-H.] & Zhang [C.-G.], 2012:484, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 93 (no. 4); ref. 31595] Donglei Cave in Mulun Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes elongatus (Tang, Zhao & Zhang, 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dahuangjiang River drainage, Pearl River system, caves in Mulun Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes furcocaudalis (Zhu & Cao, 1987) - Rongshui troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes furcocaudalis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.], 1987:326 [331], Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 14139] Outlet of subterranean water near Rongshui County town, ca. 25°04'N, 109°13'E, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes furcocaudalis (Zhu & Cao, 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes macrolepis (Huang et al., 2009) - Pearl River troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes macrolepis Huang [A.-M.], Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2009:446, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 30 (no. 4); ref. 30323] Pearl River drainage, Maonan County, Huanjiang City, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes macrolepis (Huang, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pearl River drainage, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes microphthalmus (Du et al., 2008) - Du'an troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes microphthalmus Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2008:28, Fig. 4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1729; ref. 29544] Du'an County, 24°15'N, 107°05'E, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes microphthalmus (Du, Chen & Yang, 2008). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Troglonectes translucens (Zhang et al., 2006) - Xia'ao troglobitic stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes translucens Zhang [Z.-L.], Zhao [Y.-H.] & Zhang [C.-G.], 2006:612, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 45 (no. 4); ref. 29423] Xia'ao Cave near Xia'ao Town (24°15'N, 107°05'E), Du'an County, Guangxi, China, elevation 210 meters. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes translucens (Zhang, Zhao & Zhang, 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990 - stone loaches [=Tuberoschistura Kottelat [M.], 1990:232] Notes: [ref. 14137]. Fem. Noemacheilus baenzingeri Kottelat, 1983. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:434 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990 -- (Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Freyhof et al. 2012:301 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Species Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983) - Thai stone loach (author) [=Noemacheilus baenzigeri Kottelat [M.], 1983:151, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 90 (no. 1); ref. 8321] Mae Nam Taeng at Mae Taeng, 19°07'N, 98°56'E, Chiengmai Province, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990 - Point Khmer stone loach (author) [=Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat [M.], 1990:237, Figs. 178] Notes: [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] A northern tributary of Grand Lac, at "Point Khmer" on road from Siem Reap to Kompong Thom, Stung Chikreng, Cambodia. Current status: Valid as Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Turcinoemacheilus Banrescu & Nalbant, 1964 - stone loaches [=Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:178] Notes: [ref. 217]. Masc. Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964 -- (Kottelat 1990:21 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:457 [ref. 23187], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:114 [ref. 23810], Prokofiev 2009:895 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Conway et al. 2011:1748 [ref. 31594], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Golzarianpour et al. 2013:41 [ref. 32802], Kamangar et al. 2014:49 [ref. 33140], Esmaeihi et al. 2014:257 [ref 33241]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964. Nemacheilidae.

Species Turcinoemacheilus bahaii Esmaeili et al., 2014 - Esfahan stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus bahaii Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M.] & Freyhof [J.], 2014:259, Figs. 3-6, 7a] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 3) [for 2013]; ref. 33241] Esfahan province, Zayandeh River between Azadegan and Qalee Shahrokh, 32°40'54"N, 50°27'47"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus bahaii Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Zayandeh River, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour et al., 2013 - Karoun stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour [K.], Abdoli [A.] Patimar [R.] & Freyhof [J.], 2013:41] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32802] Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour, Abdoli, Patimar & Freyhof, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karoun and Dez drainages, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway et al., 2011 - Himalaya stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway [K. W.], Edds [D. R.], Shrestha [J.] & Mayden [R. L.], 2011:1748, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 79 (no. 7); ref. 31594] Indrawati River at Melamchi Township, 27°49'42.5"N, 85°34'37.1"E, Sindhypalchok District, Bagmati Zone, Nepal. Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway, Edds, Shrestha & Mayden, 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Koshi and Gandaki River basins, Nepal. Habitat: freshwater

Species Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Banarescu & Nalbant, 1964 - Kapozik stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1964:178, Pl. 8 (fig. 14)] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 61; ref. 217] Kapozik Kadun, Hakkari [37°34'40"N, 43°44'10"E], Tigris (Dicle Nehri basin), Turkey. Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia, Middle East: Upper Euphrates and Tigris watersheds, Turkey and Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Turcinoemacheilus minimus Esmaeili et al., 2014 - Adiyaman stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus minimus Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M.] & Freyhof [J.], 2014:265, Figs. 7b, 9-11] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 3) [for 2013]; ref. 33241] Adıyaman province: Upper Göksu, 5 km northeast of Gölbası, 37°50.22'N, 37°41.09'E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus minimus Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Göksu, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Turcinoemacheilus saadii Esmaeili et al., 2014 - Fars stone loach (author) [=Turcinoemacheilus saadii Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M.] & Freyhof [J.], 2014:268, Figs. 7c, 13-15] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 3) [for 2013]; ref. 33241] Fars province, stream Tang-e-Tizab, a tributary to Bashar River which drains to the Karoun, 30°23'12"N, 51°46'50"E, Iran. Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus saadii Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tang-e-Tizab stream, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 - stone loaches [=Yunnanilus (subgenus of Nemacheilus) Nichols [J. T.], 1925:1] Notes: [ref. 3178]. Masc. Nemacheilus pleurotaenia Regan, 1904. Technically type is by subsequent designation (apparently first in Zoological Record for 1925), but clearly Nichols intended pleurotaenia to be the type. •Valid as Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 -- (Kottelat & Chu 1988 [ref. 13392], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Zhu 1989:14 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:21, 238 [ref. 14137], Wu & Wu 1992:135 [ref. 21205], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:454 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:26 [ref. 22832], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:46 [ref. 23556], Freyhof & Serov 2001:190[ref. 25364], Prokofiev 2004:157 [ref. 27665], Gan et al. 2007:321 [ref. 29409], Zhu et al. 2009:195 [ref. 30145], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2010:889 [ref. 31096], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493], Chen et al. 2012:57 [ref. 31907], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32910]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925. Nemacheilidae.

Species Yunnanilus altus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - Zhanyi stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus altus Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:72, Fig. 6] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Stream Xiangshuiho at Haijiashao, 25°40'N, 103°57'E, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus altus Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus analis Yang, in Wu, 1990 - analis stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus analis Yang [J.-X.], in Wu, 1990:19, Fig. 14] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Xingyün Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 01402. •Valid as Yunnanilus analis Yang 1990 -- (Yang 1991:199 [ref. 13585], Zhu 1995:106 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus analis Yang, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus bailianensis Yang, in Lan et al., 2013 - Bailian stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus bailianensis Yang [J.], in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan, 2013:(51) 251, Figs. 36-37] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Bailian Cave (the Liu River), Liuzhou City, 24.2°N, 109.4°E, Guangxi, China, elevation 111 meters. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus bailianensis Yang, 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bailian Cave, Liuzhou City, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li, 2004 - Heilongton stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li [W.-X.], 2004:94, Fig. 2] Notes: [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 28170] Heilongton Reservoir, ca. 24°46'N, 103°16'E, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li et al., in Li et al., 1994 - Xintun stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li [W.-X.], Mao [W.-N.] & Sun [R.-F.], in Li, Mao, Sun & Lu, 1994:370] Notes: [English p. 373], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 22582] Xintun, 26.02°N, 104.01°E, Zhanyi County., Beipanjiang River system, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li, Mao & Sun, 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding, 1992 - Caohai stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding [R.-H.], 1992:489 [491], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 22049] Caohai Lake, Weining County, 26°49'-26°53'N, 104°12'-104°18'E, Guizhou, China, elevation 2172 meters. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding, 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Caohai Lake, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus chui Yang, 1991 - Fuxian stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus chui Yang [J.-X.], 1991:199, Fig. 3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 13585] Fuxian Lake, Haikou, 24°29'N, 102°56'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus chui Yang, 1991. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He, 1989 - White Dragon stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou [W.] & He [J.-C.], 1989:381 [384], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 17742] White Dragon spring, 24°52'N, 102°48'E, Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus elakatis Cao & Zhu, in Zheng et al., 1989 - elakatis stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus pleurotaenia elakatis Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.], in Zheng et al., 1989:43 [Engl. p. 409], Fig. 21] Notes: [Fishes of the Zhujiang River; ref. 21202] Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus elakatis Cao & Zhu, 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li, in Wu et al., 1999 - Heilongtan stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li [W.-X.], in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, Chen, Wu & Wang, 1999:4 [English p. 7], Fig. 2] Notes: [Sichuan Journal of Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 23880] Heilongtan, Lunan, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li, 1999. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus ganheensis An et al., 2009 - Ganhe stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus ganheensis An [L.], Liu [B.-S.] & Li [W.-X.], 2009:635] Notes: [English p. 638], Fig. 11 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 30709] Ganhe, 25°30'N, 103°40'E, Xundan County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus ganheensis An, Liu & Li, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Xundan County, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu et al., in Zhu et al., 2009 - Ludong stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu [Y.], Du [L.-N.] & Chen [X.-Y.], in Zhu, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009:196, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 30 (no. 2); ref. 30145] Ludong village, Pearl River drainage, Jingxi county, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu, Du & Chen, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pearl River drainage, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus longibarbatus Gan et al., 2007 - Gaoling stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus longibarbatus Gan [X.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2007:322, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 28 (no. 3); ref. 29409] Hongshui River drainage in Gaoling Township, Du-An county, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus longibarbatus Gan, Chen & Yang, 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshui River drainage, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus longibulla Yang, 1990 - longibulla stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus longibulla Yang [J.-X.], 1990:21, Fig. 16] Notes: [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Cheng-hai, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus longibulla Yang, 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus longidorsalis Li et al., in Li et al., 2000 - A'gang stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus longidorsalis Li [W.-X.], Tao [J.-N.] & Lu [Z. M.], in Li, Tao, Mao & Lu, 2000:350 [Engl. p. 353], Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 26012] A'gang, ca.25°05'N, 104°08'N, Nanpan River system, Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus longidorsalis Li, Tao & Lu, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - Luoping stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:81, Fig. 17] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Tatantze [Datangzi], 24°52'N, 104°18'E, Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus macrolepis Li et al., in Li et al., 2000 - Xuetian stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus macrolepis Li [W.-X.], Tao [J.-N.] & Mao [W.-N.], in Li, Tao, Mao & Lu, 2000:349 [Engl. p. 353], Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 26012] Exit of subterranean stream, Xuetian village, 24°53N, 104°18'E, Nanpan River system, Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus macrolepis Li, Tao & Mao, 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus macrositanus Li, in Li et al., 1999 - Lunan stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus macrositanus Li [W.-X.], in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, Chen, Wu & Wang, 1999:4 [English p. 6], Fig. 1] Notes: [Sichuan Journal of Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 23880] Heilongtan, 24°45'42"N, 103°15'29"E, Lunan, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus macrositanus Li, 1999. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus nanpanjiangensis Li et al., in Li et al., 1994 - A'gang stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus nanpanjiangensis Li [W.-X.], Mao [W.-N.] & Lu [Z.-M.], in Li, Mao, Sun & Lu, 1994:371] Notes: [English p. 374], Fig. 2 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 22582] A'gang town, Sha'Ao village, 25°05°N, 104°08°E, Luoping County, Nanpanjiang system, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus nanpanjiangensis Li, Mao & Lu, 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus niger Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - Tatantze stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus niger Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:73, Fig. 8] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Tatantze [Datangzi] village, ca. 24°52'N, 104°18'E, Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus niger Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus nigromaculatus (Regan, 1904) - Dianchi stone loach (author) [=Nemachilus nigromaculatus Regan [C. T.], 1904:192] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 20); ref. 15197] Sea of Tien [Tien Chih] [= Dianchi Lake], Yunnan Fu, China, elevation 6000 feet. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus nigromaculatus (Regan, 1904). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dianchi Lake, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus niulanensis Chen et al., 2012 - Yanglinhe stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus niulanensis Chen [Z.-M.], Yang [J.] & Yang [J.-X.], 2012:58, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3269; ref. 31907] Yanglinhe River, 25°14'34.0"N, 103°03'53.3"E, upper reaches of Niulanjiang River, in Yanglin Town, Songming County, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 1909 meters. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus niulanensis Chen, Yang & Yang, 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Linglinhe River, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus obtusirostris Yang, in Yang & Chen, 1995 - West Dragon stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus obtusirostris Yang [J.-X.], in Yang & Chen, 1995:21 [184], Fig. 6] Notes: [The biology and resource utilization of the fishes of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan; ref. 23555] West Dragon Spring, flowing into Fuxian Lake, 24°30'N, 102°53'E, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus obtusirostris Yang, 1995. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus pachycephalus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - Weizhanho stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus pachycephalus Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:74, Fig. 10] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Stream Weizhangho at Yangliu, 26°38'N, 104°15'E, Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus pachycephalus Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus paludosus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - paludosus stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus paludosus Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:76, Fig. 12] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Tatantze, Datangzi Village, ca 24°52'N, 104°18'E, Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus paludosus Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 - Kaiyuan stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.], 1988:77, Fig. 13] Notes: [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Nandong cave, 23°39'N, 103°17'E, Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat & Chu, 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus pleurotaenia (Regan, 1904) - Dianchi stone loach (author) [=Nemacheilus pleurotaenia Regan [C. T.], 1904:192, Yunnanilus tigerivinus Li [W.-X.] & Duan [S.], 1999:254, Fig. 1] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 20); ref. 15197] Sea of Tien [Tien Chih] [= Dianchi Lake], Yunnan Fu, China, elevation 6000 feet. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus pleurotaenia (Regan, 1904). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. (tigerivinus) [Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 28155] Kunming, 25°10'N, 102°55'E, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Yunnanilus pleurotaenia Li & Duan, 1999. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Yang et al., 2004 - Du'an cave loach (author) [=Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Yang [J.-X.], Chen [Y.-R.] & Lan [J.-H.], 2004:2, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Guangxi Aquatic Product Science and Technology 2004 (no. 3); ref. 28066] Underground river, Du'an County, ca. 23°56'N, 108°05'E, Red River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Du'an County, Hongshui River system of Red River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Yunnanilus qujinensis Du et al., 2015 - Qujin stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus qujinensis Du [L.-N.], Lu [Y.-F.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2015:250, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 34050] Spring near Hujiafen Reservoir, Qujin City, Nanpanjiang River basin, Yunnan, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus qujinensis Du, Lu & Chen, 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River drainage, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus retrodorsalis (Lan et al., 1995) - Liuzhai stone loach (author) [=Oreonectes retrodorsalis Lan [J.-H.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1995:370 [English 370], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 23184] Outlet of an underground river (25°10'N, 107°10'E), at Long-li Village, Liuzhai Town, Nandan County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus retrodorsalis (Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Long-li Village, Nandan County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus sichuanensis Ding, 1995 - Anlin stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus sichuanensis Ding [R.-H.], 1995:253 [English p. 255], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 20 (no. 2); ref. 22583] Anlin River, Mianning County, 28°41'N, 102°12'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2020 meters. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus sichuanensis Ding, 1995. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Yunnanilus spanisbripes An et al., 2009 - Niulanjiang stone loach (author) [=Yunnanilus spanisbripes An [L.], Liu [B.-S.] & Li [W.-X.], 2009:631] Notes: [English p. 637], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 30709] Niulanjiang River, 25°59'N, 103°36'E, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus spanisbripes An, Liu & Li, 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Niulanjiang River, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. ****************************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Nemacheilus cobdonensis Gundriser [A. N.] 1973:253, Fig. 4 [ ref. 28184] Tuva, Lakes Khintiktig-Khol and Ak-Khol Khos and River Mogen-Buren, basin of River Kobdo, Russia. Syntypes: probably lost. Original not yet examined. •Valid as Triplophysa cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183]). •Questionably a synonym of Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski 1897) -- (Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831]). •Questionably valid as Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973) -- (Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2015:460 [ref. 34065], Prokofiev 2016:401 [ref. 34693]). Current status: Uncertain as Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Chovd River drainage, Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Diplophysa nasalis Kessler [K. F.] 1876:27, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Dalai-Nor, Lake, Nei Monggol, China, elevation 4200 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2475. •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies nuda (Bleeker 1865) -- (Zhu 1989:29 [ref. 17744]). •Species inquirenda, in Triplophysa or in Barbatula -- (Prokofiev 2004:203 [ref. 27939]). •Valid as Triplophysa nasalis (Kessler 1876) -- (Prokofiev 2010:908 [ref. 31096]). •Species incertae sedia as Labiatophysia nasilis (Kessler 1876) -- (Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Labiatophysa nasalis (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Barbatula orthocauda Mai [D. Y.] 1978:231, Fig. 105 [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Northern Vietnam. Holotype (unique): DVZUT. •Valid as Barbatula orthocauda Mai 1978 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:143 [ref. 25364]). •Status uncertain, perhaps based on a damaged specimen of Schistura -- (Kottelat 2001:48 [ref. 25482]). •Valid as Schistura orthocauda (Mai 1978) -- (Kottelat 2012:114 [ref. 32367] with question, Kottelat 2013:209 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Schistura orthocauda (Mai 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Nemachilus pechiliensis Fowler [H. W.] 1899:181 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan lan Ho River, tributary of Shan lan Ho River, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, Inner Mongolia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 16394 (missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:869 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Okada 1961:541 [ref. 6363] as pichiliensis, Kottelat 2006:53 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies nuda (Bleeker 1868) -- (Zhu 1989:29 [ref. 17744]). •Synonym of Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Prokofiev 2007:17 [ref. 30343]). •Synonym of Barbatula toni fowleri Fowler 1925 -- (Cao et al. 2012:241 [ref. 35335]). •Synonym of Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1964) -- (Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367] with question). •Possible senior synonym of Barbatula potaninorum (Prokofiev 2007) -- (Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065]). Current status: Uncertain as Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1864). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Heminoemacheilus wulongensis Wu, He, Zhen & Li 2007 •Found in Zhang et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34477] question missed species. Nemacheilidae.

Nemachilus ajmonis Di Caporiacco [L.] 1933:342, Fig. [Monitore Zoologico Italiano v. 44 (11-12); ref. 21832] Sonamarg and Baltal, Sind River Valley, Kashmir, elevation 2800 meters. Syntypes: (2) MZUF 5558 (1). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora 1922) -- (Kullander et al. 1999:143 [ref. 23689]). • Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Indotriplophys yasinensis (Alcock 1898) -- (Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Indotriplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemacheilus periyarensis Madhusoodana Kurup [B.] & Radhakrishnan [K. V.] 2005:75, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 102 (pt 1); ref. 28530] Lake Periyar, Kerala, India. Holotype: ZSI (EGRS) CLT.V/F 13030. Paratypes: School of Industrial Fisheries Museum (2). •Questionably valid as Mesonoemacheilus periyarensis (Madrusoodana Karup & Radhakrishnan 2005) -- (Kottelat 2012:89 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Mesonoemacheilus periyarensis (Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Periyar, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemachilus griffithii var. afghana Hora [S. L.] 1935:799, Fig. 4c [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 37 (pt 4); ref. 13887] Chahiltran Stream, tributary of Kabul River, West Kabul City, Afganistan. Holotype: ZSI F11525/1. Paratypes: ZSI F11526/1 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:206 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus griffithii Günther 1868 -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (Menon 1987:204 [ref. 14149], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel 1838) -- (Kullander et al. 1999:139 [ref. 23689], Kottelat 2012:128 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel 1838). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemacheilus blythii Day [F.] 1870:552 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3) (art. 3) (for 25 Nov. 1869); ref. 1077] No locality [? Myanmar or India]. Syntypes: (2) ZSI A.960 (1, lost). •Species inquirendae et incertae sedis in Nemacheilidae -- (Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Nemacheilus blythii Day 1870. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemachilus cueljuensis Anikin [V. P.] 1905:6 [Description of new fish species from Asia; ref. 15920] Mouth of Kuelyu River, Tarim River basin, Xinjiang Province, China. Syntypes: (3). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Originally as cuëljuensis. •Questionably a synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus stoliczkai). • Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), subspecies retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061] as stoliczkae). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkas (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa dorsonotatus (Kessler 1879) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa dorsonotatus (Kessler 1879). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis elegans Kessler [K. F.] 1874:43 [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Salar River near Taschkent [Tashkent], Uzbekistan. Syntypes: ZMMU P-2542 (1), P-8002 (3); ZIN 10931 (1, not found in 1996). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:259 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:28[ref. 25714] as stoliczkai. •Questionably a synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), but a valid subspecies elegens -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:13? [Engl. p. 9] [ref. 28990]). •Questionably valid as Triplophysa elegans (Kessler 1874) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa elegans (Kessler 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Regarded as not available, no distingushing features (from Buitenzorg, Java) -- (see Alfred 1961:85 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:376 [ref. 5964]. •In the synonymy of Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes 1846) and Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1993:25-26 [ref. 21799]). •Treated as valid as Nemacheilus fasciatus (Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823) -- (Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832]). Nemacheilidae.

Neomacheilus fasciatus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:26 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Manuscript name mentioned in passing, species named Cobitis fasciata by Valenciennes 1846. Nemacheilidae.

Noemacheilus fowleri Menon [A. G. K.] 1987 [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater. Cobitis jaklesii Bleeker [P.] 1852:604 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Pajacombo, Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 7055. Paralectotypes: RMNH 8949 (2). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.60 (1). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1961:33 [ref. 20552]. •Mention, status still not clear -- (Tan & Kottelat 2009:52, 56 [ref. 30261]). •Possibly valid, in Nemacheilus -- (Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685], Kottelat 2012:91 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:201 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Nemacheilus jaklesii (Bleeker 1852). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemacheilus ornatissimus Doi 1997 See Nemacheilus elegantissimus. Nemacheilidae.

Modigliania papillosa Perugia [A.] 1893:246 [6] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 13; ref. 3434] Toba Lake, Balighe, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: MSNG 9230 (6) Toba Lake, ZMA 112874 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:188 [ref. 10343], Nijssen et al. 1982:31 [ref. 19236]. On p. 6 of separate. •Possibly valid, in Nemacheilus -- (Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685], Tan & Kottelat 2009:56 [ref. 30261]). •Questionably valid in 'Nemacheilus' papillosus Perugia 1893 -- (Kottelat 2012:92 [ref. 32367]), questionably valid as Nemacheilus papillosus Perugia 1893 -- (Kottelat 2013:201 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Nemacheilus papillosus Perugia 1893. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemachilus dorsonotatus retropinnis Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:33, Pl. 3 (figs. 5a-b) [Zoologischer Theil, Wien v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Chami [Hami], Tsaidam, Quinghai, China. Syntypes: ZIN 4206 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), but a valid subspecies retropinnis (Herzenssein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:13? [Engl. 9] [ref. 28990]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:130 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemachilus strauchi reuniens Turdakov [F. A.] 1952:57 [ ref. 28934] Irisu River, tributary of Karkara River, Kirghizistan. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Original not seen. •Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:89 [ref. 28831]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin 1905) -- (Prokofiev 2006:258 [ref. 29061]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin 1905). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Noemacheilus sikkimensis Mani [M. S.] 1974:671 [Ecology and biogeography in India.; ref. 21178] Name only, not available; possibly an emendation of Nemachilus sikmaiensis Hora 1921. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Nemacheilidae. Orthrias pindus Economidis [P. S.] 1991:26, 42, (fig. 4) [Check list of freshwater fishes of Greece; ref. 23018] Not available; name only, no description. Also appeared in Economidis 1992:49 [ref. 23021]. Later in Economidis 2005. •Treated as valid as Barbatula sp. -- (Kottelat 1997:94 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Oxynoemacheilus pindus (Economidis 1991). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Paracobitis phongthoensis Nguyen [V. H.] 2005:564, Fig. 11 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Muong So, Phong Thô (Lai Châu) Province, Vietnam. Holotype (unique): NCNTTS I. Type reported lost -- Endruweit 2014:153 [ref. 33205]. •Valid as Schistura phongthoensis (Nguyen 2005) -- (Kottelat 2012:115 [ref. 32367] with question, Kottelat 2013:210 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:154 [ref. 33205]). Current status: Uncertain as Schistura phongthoensis (Nguyen 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam So, Phong Tho district, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen [V. H.] 2005:608, Fig. 37 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Town of Hà Giang, Hà Giang Province, lo River, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I. Paratypes: (2). •Questionably valid as Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:55 [ref. 32367]). •Questionably valid as Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen 2005) -- (Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:190 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen 2005). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Small rivers and creeks of the Lô river system in Hà Giang, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Schistura ocellata McClelland [J.] 1839:441 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Types unknown. •Species inquirendae et incertae sedis in Nemacheilidae -- (Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367]). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Nemacheilus bertini Fang [P.-W.] 1941:253 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 13173] High valleys of Mongolia, China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3800 (1), B-2640 [ex MNHN 0000-3800] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:99 [ref. 19574] as syntypes. •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Zhu 1989:114 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:212 [ref. 21205] as stoliczkae). • Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:130 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Triplophysa kokshaalensis Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:896 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Appeared as nomen nudum, mentioned prematurely; publication to follow. •Not available, no description; awaiting publication in an available way. •Listed as a Nomen nudum -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Triplophysa rossoperegrinatorum Prokofiev [A. M.] 2001:200, Figs. 13-18 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Small mountain streams in northwestern Gansu [possibly in mountains northern of Xining and Lanzhou], China. Holotype: ZIN 3719. Paratypes: ZIN 3719a (4). •Synonym of Tripophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061]). •Valid as Triplophysa rossoperegrinatorum Prokofiev 2001 -- (Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang 1988) -- (Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.