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1 Musical Instruments in Western European Art an Iconographical

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1 Musical Instruments in Western European Art an Iconographical 1 Musical Instruments in Western European Art An Iconographical Guide The Frame Drum – 15th - 16th century Status of August 2004 PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear. However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to Mary Rasmussen Music Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 (USA) I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry. The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg). Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page. ** [GB] BRITISH ARTISTS XIII: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor Naval Scenes: [Pa private collection] Anon. Henry VIII and his Entourage Debarking from Dover to Boulogne, 1520. The Royal Collection, Her Majesty the Queen, Windsor 2 Castle. Includes drummers in +dories. One is drumming beside a standard with the fleur-de-lys. (H. Soly, ed. Karl V. 1500-1558 und seine Zeit. Cologne 2003. pp. 128- 129 [fine color reproduction]) [NL] DUTCH ARTISTS I: Old Testament Job: [Pa Poznan MN] Netherlands, first quarter, 16th century. Job Comforted by Musicians. Poznan MN (ex Breslau, Children's Hospital). Liveried musicians play fiddle and lute. A youth in military costume holds a flute and a drum. (Warsaw MN 1969 catalog, vol. II, no. 1576 [useless reproduction]) Judith: [Heemskerck Dr] Hemmskerck, Maerten van (1498-1574). Holofernes' Body found by Bagoas (1564). Copenhagen SmfK. drawing. Includes a military figure playing a frame drum at the head of an advancing column of lancers. unimp. (J. Garff. Tegninger af Maerten van Heemskerck. Copenhagen 1974. pl. 84) Engraved by Philips Galle as no. 8 of a series of the story of Judith and Holofernes. pub. H. Cock (1564?). (IB vol. 56, no. 5601.016:8, p. 64) [Heemskerck-Coornhert Pr] Dirck Volkertsz Coornhert (1522-1590) after Maerten Heemskerck. The Flight and Slaughter of the Assyrian Army, from The Story of Judith and Holofernes. Includes a retreating drummer (drum on his back) beside a retreating standard bearer. (IB vol. 55, no. 5501.022.8, p. 85) Other: [Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] Cornelisz van Amsterdam (van Oostsanen), Jacob (ca. 1470-1533). David and Abigail. Copenhagen SmfK. Includes in the background a column of troops led by figures playing flute and shallow frame drum. (Friedländer XII, no. 251, pl. 140, as ca.1506) [Lucas van Leyden Pa] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). Worship of the Golden Calf. Amsterdam RM. Includes dancers accompanied by players of flute and frame drum. There are also trumpeters. (H. van Os et al. Netherlandish Art in the Rijksmuseum 1400-1600. Amsterdam 2000. no. 47, p. 135 [small, unhelpful color reproduction], frontispiece [fine color detail]; J. J. van Thiel et al. All the Paintings of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam Amsterdam 1976. p. 355 [utterly useless reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.L963.11Mo) II: New Testament Other: [Lucas van Leyden Pr] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). The Conversion of St. Paul. engraving. A drummer, drum on his back, stands to one side and points to the principal group of figures with one of his drumsticks. (Lavalleye nos. 32, 35 [detail]) 3 IV: Saints St. Anthony: [Claes van Leyden Dr] Claes van Leyden, Aertgen (1498-1564). The Temptation of St. Anthony. Leiden, University, Prentenkabinet. drawing. Includes figures playing flute and frame drum. (exh Washington NGA, 1986-87: The Age of Bruegel. No. 1, p. 43 [ok reproduction]) St. Mary Magdalene: [Lucas van Leyden Pr] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). The Dance of St. Mary Magdalen (1519). engraving. Figures dance and promenade, accompanied by players of flute and frame drum. In the middle ground the Saint rides in a stag hunt (emblem of frivolity, foolishness). In the background, two hunters blow curved horns. There is also a small group of singers. (B. 122; Hollstein [Dutch] X, p. 145; Lavalleye no. 117, no. 118 [detail]; Hirth no. 42; Early Music 8 [1980] 463; P. Parshall. "Lucas van Leyden's Narrative Style." Nederlands kunsthistorisch jaarboek 29 (1978) 185-237, this reproduced p. 226, relevant text pp. 224-229; Exh Washington NGA, 1983: The Prints of Lucas van Leyden and his Contemporaries. Ed. E. S. Jacobowitz and S. L. Stepanek. no. 71) VII: Allegory Heaven/Hell: [Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Hell, from the Altarpiece of the Garden of Earthly Delights. Madrid Prado. Includes a frame drum beaten by a grotesque demon. From inside the drum a man peers out through the resonance hole in the frame. (Reuterswärd cat. 44, p. 249 [poor reproduction]; Boczkowska, A. "The crab, the sun, the moon and Venus: Studies in the iconology of Hieronymus Bosch's triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights." Oud-Holland 91 [1977] 197-231 [with miscellaneous detail reproductions]; L. Dixon. Alchemical Imagery in Bosch's Garden of Delights. Ann Arbor 1981; L. Dixon. "Bosch's 'Garden of Delights' Triptych: Remnants of a 'Fossil' Science." Art Bulletin 63 [1981] 96-113; Friedländer V, no. 110, pll. 100-102 [poor reproduction]; E. H. Gombrich. "Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights': A progress report." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 32 [1969] 162-170; Hammerstein Diabolus. nos. 172-176; Komma p. 94 [fair detail]; J. Lenneberg. "Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights': Some musicological considerations and criticisms." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 103 [Sept. 1961] 135-144; R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. pp. 85 [small color reproduction of the entire triptych], 134 [color reproducton], 148 [partial color detail]; K. Meyer Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 323 [ fair detail]; Authentication: Institute royale du patrimonie artistique Bulletin 6 [1963] 233- 240; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.39T) Also: I. Mateo Gomez. "El Jardin de las delicias. A proposito de una copia temprano y un Tapiz." Archivo español de arte 40 (1967) pl. VI after p. 48 (copy: private collection) Vice/Virtue: [Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Luxuria, from The Seven Capital Sins and the Four Last Things. Madrid Prado. Includes, on the ground, a harp, 4 a recorder (not a tabor pipe -- too many holes) and a small frame drum. (O. Benesch. Collected Writings, II. Ed. E Benesch. London 1971. fig. 6; R. L. Delevoy. Bosch. New York 1990. p. 18 [color reproduction of the whole table top], as ca.1475; Haak. p. 87 [small reproduction of the whole table top]; Hammerstein Diabolus. no. 152. Considers recorder and drum to be pipe and tabor [p. 96]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 120; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 74; F. Sopeña and A. Gallego. La musica en el Museo del Prado. Madrid 1972. p. 58 [splendid color reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 68 [1966] 286 [detail]; Oud-Holland 91 [1977] 209; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.4Se/4Se1c) XV: Miscellaneous Figures Angels: [Mostaert Pa] Mostaert, Jan (ca.1475-1555/56). Last Judgement. Copenhagen SmfK. Includes several musical angels, one of whom plays a small frame drum. (Vis. Coll. 374.M858.39J) Beggars: [Bosch Dr] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Sheet of Studies of Crippled Beggars. Brussels MRBA. drawing. Includes figures with two guitars, two harps, two lutes, a small drum and clapper sticks. (exh Rotterdam BvB 1936: Jeroen Bosch, Noord-nederlandsche primitieven. drawings cat. no. 22, fig. 19) [Bosch Dr/Pr] _______. Studies of Crippled Beggars. Vienna Albertina inv. no. 7798. drawing. Inludes a lame man with a case of flutes hanging from his belt (?) and a small frame drum. (R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. p. 459; W. Salmen. Der Spielmann im Mittelalter. Innsbruck 1983. Abb. 48; Burlington 90 [1948] 175, notes exh London V & A, 1948: Old Master Drawings from the Albertina) Anonymous engraving published by H. Cock ("Aux quatre vents") (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 150 [after Sudeck]; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 112 [ok reproduction], as ca.1570; E. Sudeck. Bettlerdarstellungen vom Ende des XV. Jahrhunderts bis zu Rembrandt. Strasbourg 1931. [SdK, 279] Abb. 2; exh The Hague, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 309 [small reproduction, not exhibited]) Military Musicians: [Claes van Leyden Pr] Claes van Leyden, Aertgen (1498-1564). Standard-Bearer, Flute Player and Drummer. engraving. The drum has a snare on the bottom head. (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no. 166, p. 149) [Lucas van Leyden Dr] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). Standard Bearer, Flute Player and Drummer. Berlin SM Ksk. drawing. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 10; Vis. Coll. 374d.L963.90[g]) Putti: [Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] Cornelisz van Amsterdam (van Oostsanen), Jacob (ca. 1470-1533). Virgin and Child. Bamberg, Bayrische Staatsgemäldesammlungen. Putti on the frame play a flute and a shallow drum (held 5 vertically). There are numerous other musical angels and putti. This is a variant of a painting in Arnhem, Gemeentemuseum, which does not have the flute- and drum- playing putti.
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