DOCSLIB.ORG

Bacteria Recovered from Aquaculture in Oman, With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bacteria Recovered from Aquaculture in Oman, With BACTERIA RECOVERED FROM AQUACULTURE IN OMAN, WITH EMPHASIS ON AEROMONAS SPP. THESIS SUMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ALYA SALIM AL-GHABSHI APRIL 2015 INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work and results presented in this thesis were conducted by me at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland. The work presented in this thesis has not been previously submitted for any other degree or qualification. The litera- ture consulted has been cited and where appropriate, collaborative assistance has been acknowledged. Signature: ________________________________________ Signature of Principal Supervisor: ________________________________________ Signature of Supervisor: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________________________ I In loving memory of my mother To my husband Hamood Al-Ghabshi and My lovely sons Yousuf and Mohammed II Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank the almighty Allah for helping me to finish my study successfully. I would like to express my warmest gratitude to my supervisor’s and mentors Professor Brian Austin and Dr. Mags Crumlish, who has introduced me to the world of science. Their support and guidance gave me to find out the way to continue my research in the field and laboratory. During writing up this thesis, their valuable comments, suggestions, excellent proofreading skills and encouragement helped me to complete this work with the incredible optimism. I am also extremely grateful for the assistance and guidance from Dr. Ponnerassery S. Sudheesh and from staff members at the Institute of Aquaculture (stirling) particularly, Mrs. Debbie Faichney, Mrs. Jan Seggie, Dr. John Taggart, Mrs. Jacquie Ireland, Mr. Niall Auchinachie, Dr. Amaya Albalat, Professor Randolph Richards. Without their training, perseverance and patience I would never have learned the techniques required to finish this project. I am also thankfull Amal Al- Maashari , Umm kulthum Al Kindi, Nasser Al-Aboudi, Wa- heeda Al-Amri, Mr. Denny Conway, Mochamad Syaifudin , Greta Carmona-Antonanzas , Gil Ha Yoon and Dr. Andy Shinn for their kind help in my research. Special thanks to my dear friends Olga Rubio Mejia, Taslima Khanam and to all my good friends in Stirling who helped me to find a home abroad. My special thanks to my sisters, nieces and nephews for they endless love that encour- aged me a lot. I’m deeply grateful to my husband Hamood Al-Ghabshi, for his endless III Acknowledgements love and support that helped me to keep going, especially during the time I was very much frustrated. I also wish to thank my lovely sons Yousuf and Mohammed for doing their best to under- stand their mother who had to be confined to her study for such a long time. IV Abstract ABSTRACT Aquaculture is being seriously considered as a promising sustainable industry in the Sul- tanate of Oman. Fish farming commenced in Oman in 1986, but it was only in 2011 that it became a more commercially driven sector. While worldwide aquaculture production is expected to rise to meet the shortage in capture fisheries, there is a parallel requirement to identify potential threats to the health and welfare of existing aquatic farmed stocks and to take appropriate steps to mitigate them. As aquaculture in Oman is in an early stage of development, it is important to acquire baseline data on the existence and prevalence of aquatic diseases and pathogens to help the Government make policy decisions to develop health management regimes applicable for Omani aquaculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate current farming practices of tilapia in Oman, to investigate the bacterial species composition and distribu- tion from different sites in some of the economically important fish species, and to study the characteristics and pathogenicity of Aeromonas species. The current practices were studied for 9 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms from four areas (Al Batinah, Ad Dhahirah, Ad Dakhiliyah and Ash Sharqiyah North) during the period of September to November 2012 by using questionnaires and interviews with the farm owners and staff. In total 417 fish representing 5 target species were chosen on the basis of the commercial importance and their potential for aquaculture in Oman, including red spot emperor (Le- V Abstract thrinus lentjan), king soldier bream (Argyrops spinifer), white spotted rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus), abalone (Haliotis mariae) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish were collected from 5 main sampling areas in Oman (Muscat, Mudhaibi, Manah, Sohar and Salalah) based on the Atlas of suitable sites for aquaculture in Oman to investigate the bacterial species composition and distribution. The animals were examined for clini- cal signs of disease prior to routine bacteriology. Bacterial isolates were recovered using traditional methods and identified to species level using phenotypic and molecular ap- proaches using 16S rDNA, 16S rDNA RFLP and 16S rDNA sequencing. Experimental fish challenge studies were also conducted using both live bacterial cells and ECP protein to investigate the pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolates. In addition, the presence of some virulence factors was investigated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The results of this study showed that, the most farms in the Oman follow very similar farming practices. The major proportion of the tilapia is consumed within the local com- munities. A number of farmers have experienced mortalities, which were considered to be attributable to poor water quality, overcrowding or due to excessive feeding. Farmers fac- ing fish mortalities tended not to record the problems due to a lack of understanding of the concept of fish farm management. There is a regulation about aquaculture and related quality control, but it has not yet been implemented in an appropriate manner in Oman. From the diverse group of bacteria recovered from wild and farmed fish, 83% of the total isolates comprised Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria. The most frequently isolated groups from marine and cultured fish were Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Sphingobacte- rium spp., Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., with Aeromonas spp. being the VI Abstract predominant group representing 25% of the isolates recovered in this study. Identification of the Aeromonas spp. showed 57% agreement between the results of phenotypic and genotypic methodologies, and determined 6 species as the dominant organisms, i.e. A. veronii, A. jandaei, A. caviae, A. trota, A. encheleia and A. salmonicida. 65% of the iso- lates shared 99% 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the closest sequences in GenBank, and the dominant species was A. veronii. In conclusion, the Aeromonas isolates recovered from fish with clinical signs of disease showed heterogeneity in their identification profiles and their pathogenicity. VII List of attendance conference and published articles LIST OF ATTENDANCE CONFERENCE AND PUBLISHED ARTICLES Presentation Alya AL-Ghabshi, Brian Austin and Mags Crumlish (18-2-2015). Aeromonas spe- cies diversity in the aquatic environment of Oman. PhD Research Conference on sustainable aquaculture 2015 (Stirling University). Article Alya AL-Ghabshi. (March 2015). Disease data in young industry. fish farmer, www.fishamer-magazine.com ,38,P.49 VIII Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................III ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... V LIST OF ATTENDANCE CONFERENCE AND PUBLISHED ARTICLES ....... VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. VIII LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... XVI chapter 1 . General introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Fish and fisheries in Oman ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Fish pathogens ........................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Aeromonas ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.1 Disease distribution and clinical signs associated with Aeromonas infections ....... 9 1.4.2 Clinical signs of disease .......................................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Geographical distribution ....................................................................................... 13 1.4.4 Diagnostic methods for the detection and characterization of Aeromonas spp. .. 13 1.4.5 Pathogenicity and virulence factors ....................................................................... 16 1.5 Research objectives ................................................................................................. 26 1.6 References................................................................................................................ 27 chapter 2 . Current
Load more

Recommended publications
  • W+W Special Paper B-18-2
    W+W Special Paper B-18-2 DIE GENETISCHE FAMILIE DER HALIOTIDAE – HYBRIDISIERUNG, FORTPFLANZUNGSISOLATION UND SYMPATRISCHE ARTBILDUNG Nigel Crompton September 2018 http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/artikel/sp/b-18-2_haliotidae.pdf Bild: Doka54, Public Domain Inhalt Einleitung ................................................................................................ 3 Taxonomie der Seeohren ...................................................................... 6 Die taxonomische Stellung der Seeohren .........................................................7 Glossar ..............................................................................................................7 Seeohren-Arten und Hybriden ......................................................... 9 Genetische Familien und Befruchtung ..........................................14 Genetische Familien und sympatrische Artbildung ......................15 Die Rolle der Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium bei der Befruchtung..............................................................................................16 Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium und sympatrische Artbildung ....17 Besonderheiten der VERL-Lysin-Bindungsdomänen ......................................18 Wie kann es trotz Hybridisierung zur Artbildung kommen? ..........................19 Weitere Beispiele und vergleichbare Mechanismen bei Pflanzen ......................20 Schlussfolgerung .............................................................................21 Quellen ............................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence of Aeromonas in Drinking Water, Tap Water and the Porsuk River
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2011) 42: 126-131 ISSN 1517-8382 THE OCCURRENCE OF AEROMONAS IN DRINKING WATER, TAP WATER AND THE PORSUK RIVER Merih Kivanc1, Meral Yilmaz1*, Filiz Demir1 Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Eskiehir, Turkey. Submitted: April 01, 2010; Returned to authors for corrections: May 11, 2010; Approved: June 21, 2010. ABSTRACT The occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in the Porsuk River, public drinking water and tap water in the City of Eskisehir (Turkey) was monitored. Fresh water samples were collected from several sampling sites during a period of one year. Total 102 typical colonies of Aeromonas spp. were submitted to biochemical tests for species differentiation and of 60 isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests. Further identifications of isolates were carried out first with the VITEK system (BioMe˜rieux) and then selected isolates from different phenotypes (VITEK types) were identified using the DuPont Qualicon RiboPrinter® system. Aeromonas spp. was detected only in the samples from the Porsuk River. According to the results obtained with the VITEK system, our isolates were 13% Aeromonas hydrophila, 37% Aeromonas caviae, 35% Pseudomonas putida, and 15% Pseudomonas acidovorans. In addition Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas maltophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Aeromonas media species were determined using the RiboPrinter® system. The samples taken from the Porsuk River were found to contain very diverse Aeromonas populations that can pose a risk for the residents of the city. On the other hand, drinking water and tap water of the City are free from Aeromonas pathogens and seem to be reliable water sources for the community.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity
    microorganisms Review An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity Ana Fernández-Bravo and Maria José Figueras * Unit of Microbiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: mariajose.fi[email protected]; Tel.: +34-97-775-9321; Fax: +34-97-775-9322 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 14 January 2020; Published: 17 January 2020 Abstract: The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of MALDI Biotyper for Identification of Taylorella Equigenitalis and Taylorella Asinigenitalis Kristina Lantz Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Evaluation of MALDI Biotyper for identification of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis Kristina Lantz Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Microbiology Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Lantz, Kristina, "Evaluation of MALDI Biotyper for identification of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16520. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16520 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation of MALDI Biotyper for identification of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis by Kristina Lantz A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Veterinary Microbiology Program of Study Committee: Ronald Griffith, Major Professor Steve Carlson Matthew Erdman Timothy Frana The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit
    [Show full text]
  • Abalone, Haliotis Mariae (Wood, 1828), Hatchery and Seed Production Trials in Oman
    Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 13:53-63 (2008) ©2008 Sultan Qaboos University Abalone, Haliotis mariae (Wood, 1828), Hatchery and Seed Production Trials in Oman Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi*1 and Tsueno Iwao2 1Ministry of Fisheries Wealth, Aquaculture Center, P.O. Box 427, PC 100, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 2Japan International Cooperation Agency, Fisheries Department, Japan ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺦ وإﻧﺘﺎج ﺻﻐﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎن ﺧﻠﻔﺎن م. اﻟﺮاﺷﺪي و ت. إواو اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ: أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺦ واﻧﺘﺎج ﺻﻐﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻤﺤﻄﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺻﻐﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ ﺑﻮﻻﯾﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﺎط ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎﺑﯿﻦ ١٩٩٩ و٢٠٠٠م. ّﺗﻮﺿﺢ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻀﺞ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ، واﻟﺘﻠﻘﯿﺢ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ، واﻹﺧﺼﺎب، وإدارة ﯾﺮﻗﺎت وﺻﻐﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ، وﻗﺪ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻀﺞ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ أن اﻷﻣﮭﺎتاﻟﻤﻜﯿّﻔﺔ اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﯿﺎ واﻟﺘﻲُﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﺳﺮع ﻧﻀﺠﺎ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﮭﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﯿﺔ، وأﻇﮭﺮت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺄن ّﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻠﻘﯿﺢ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﻮر واﻹﻧﺎث ھﻮ ٦٣٪ و ١١٪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. ﻛﻤﺎ أوﺿﺤﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ، وأنّﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺗﺮاوﺣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ٣٥،٩٪ اﻟﻰ ٧٣،٧٪، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺮاوحّﻣﻌﺪل ﺑﻘﺎﺋﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ ١٪ اﻟﻰ ٣،٦٪. ﯾﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻓﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء اﻟﺨﯿﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ واﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮح اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻜﯿﺔ، إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺟﻮدة وﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺪاﯾﺎﺗﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ّﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﯿﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮة. وﺗﺸﯿﺮ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺨﺪﯾﺮ ﺻﻐﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﯿﻠﺢ ﺑﺄن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ٢٪ ﻣﻦّﻣﺨﺪر إﯾﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺪﯾﺮ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﺧﻼل ٤ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ واﺳﺘﺮداد وﻋﯿﮭﻢ ﺧﻼل ١٧ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ. ﯾﺼﻞّﻣﻌﺪل ﻃﻮل اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻐﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺰرﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ١٣ ﺷﮭﺮا ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ٥٢،٩ ﻣﻠﻢ وﺑﻮزن ١٩،٩ ﻏﺮام وﺑﺰﯾﺎدة ﺷﮭﺮﯾﺔ ّﺗﻘﺪر ب٤،١ ﻣﻠﻢ و ١،٥ ﻏﺮام، ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Characterization of Aeromonas Species Isolated from Ready- To-Eat Lettuce Products
    Master's thesis Noelle Umutoni Identification and Characterization of Aeromonas species isolated 2019 from ready-to-eat lettuce Master's thesis products. Noelle Umutoni NTNU May 2019 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Identification and Characterization of Aeromonas species isolated from ready- to-eat lettuce products. Noelle Umutoni Food science and Technology Submission date: May 2019 Supervisor: Lisbeth Mehli Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Preface This thesis covers 45 ECTS-credits and was carried out as part of the M. Sc. programme for Food and Technology at the institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, faculty of natural sciences at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim in spring 2019. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my main supervisor Associate professor Lisbeth Mehli. Thank you for the laughs, advice, and continuous encouragement throughout the project. Furthermore, appreciations to PhD Assistant professor Gunn Merethe Bjørge Thomassen for valuable help in the lab. Great thanks to my family and friends for their patience and encouragement these past years. Thank you for listening, despite not always understanding the context of my studies. A huge self-five to myself, for putting in the work. Finally, a tremendous thank you to Johan – my partner in crime and in life. I could not have done this without you. You kept me fed, you kept sane. I appreciate you from here to eternity. Mama, we made it! 15th of May 2019 Author Noelle Umutoni I Abstract Aeromonas spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Criteria for Reopening the Northern Abalone Fishery in Brittish
    Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Secrétariat canadien pour l'évaluation des stocks Research Document 97/6 4 Document de recherche 97/64 Not to be cited without Ne pas citer sans permission of the authors ' autorisation des auteurs' Possible criteria for reopening the Northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) fishery in British Columbi a A. Campbell Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Statio n Stock Assessment Division Nanaimo, B .C . V9R 5K6 ' This series documents the scientific basis for ' La présente série documente les bases the evaluation of fisheries resources in Canada . scientifiques des évaluations des ressources As such, it addresses the issues of the day in halieutiques du Canada . Elle traite des the time frames required and the documents it problèmes courants selon les échéanciers contains are not intended as definitive dictés . Les documents qu'elle contient ne statements on the subjects addressed but doivent pas être considérés comme des rather as progress reports on ongoing énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais investigations . plutôt comme des rapports d'étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans official language in which they are provided to la langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit the Secretariat . envoyé au secrétariat . Abstract This paper reviews the literature for relevant biological and fishery characteristics of different abalone species, makes yield and egg per recruit calculations and suggests biological reference points, criteria for reopening a potential fishery, and possible rehabilitation and management actions for the northern abalone, Haliotis kamtschatkana, in British Columbia. The biology of the H.
    [Show full text]
  • INFLUENCE of TEMPERATURE and FISHING on LOCAL POPULATION DYNAMICS of RED ABALONE Calcofi Rep., Vol
    HOBDAY AND TEGNER: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND FISHING ON LOCAL POPULATION DYNAMICS OF RED ABALONE CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 43, 2002 THE WARM AND THE COLD: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND FISHING ON LOCAL POPULATION DYNAMICS OF RED ABALONE ALISTAIR J. HOBDAY MIA J. TEGNER CSIRO Marine Research Scripps Institution of Oceanography GPO Box 1538 La Jolla, California 92093-0227 Hobart, Tasmania 7000 Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT under the federal Endangered Species Act (Hobday et We developed an individual-based, spatially explicit al. 2001). Recovery efforts for this and other abalone population-dynamics model to explore the effects of species are underway in California. temperature, fishing pressure, and reserve size on red Abalone fisheries have typically been managed by reg- abalone (Haliotis rufescens) populations at two of the north- ulating a minimum size for capture, although quotas now ern Channel Islands off the coast of California. The exist in regions where harvesting continues (e.g., model locations represent the “warm” Santa Cruz Island, Tasmania, South Africa, New Zealand). The size-limit which has a fishing history of declining abalone stocks, approach was intended to allow several years of repro- and the “cold” San Miguel Island, which has a history duction before capture was possible. This approach may of stable catches. We investigated the effects of three succeed if recruitment is frequent, but the combination temperature scenarios for 100-year periods on the be- of abalone life-history characters—specifically, long life havior of each population. In the first scenario we used span and broadcast spawning—indicate that high re- the real temperature environment (sea surface tempera- cruitment does not occur every year (Hobday et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in a Complex Microbial Community Using Metagenomic Hi-C: the Case of Bovine Digital Dermatitis
    antibiotics Article Tracking Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in a Complex Microbial Community Using Metagenomic Hi-C: The Case of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Ashenafi F. Beyi 1 , Alan Hassall 2, Gregory J. Phillips 1 and Paul J. Plummer 1,2,3,* 1 Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] (A.F.B.); [email protected] (G.J.P.) 2 Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] 3 National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Ames, IA 50010, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious infectious cause of lameness in cattle with unknown definitive etiologies. Many of the bacterial species detected in metagenomic analyses of DD lesions are difficult to culture, and their antimicrobial resistance status is largely unknown. Recently, a novel proximity ligation-guided metagenomic approach (Hi-C ProxiMeta) has been used to identify bacterial reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) directly from microbial communities, without the need to culture individual bacteria. The objective of this study was to track tetracycline resistance determinants in bacteria involved in DD pathogenesis using Hi-C. A pooled sample of macerated tissues from clinical DD lesions was used for this purpose. Metagenome deconvolution Citation: Beyi, A.F.; Hassall, A.; ≥ Phillips, G.J.; Plummer, P.J. Tracking using ProxiMeta resulted in the creation of 40 metagenome-assembled genomes with 80% complete Reservoirs of Antimicrobial genomes, classified into five phyla. Further, 1959 tetracycline resistance genes and ARGs conferring Resistance Genes in a Complex resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactams, sulfonamide, phenicol, lincosamide, and erythromycin Microbial Community Using were identified along with their bacterial hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeromonas Strains
    A Rapid MALDI-TOF MS Identification Database at Genospecies Level for Clinical and Environmental Aeromonas Strains Cinzia Benagli1*, Antonella Demarta1, AnnaPaola Caminada1, Dominik Ziegler2, Orlando Petrini1, Mauro Tonolla1,3 1 Institute of Microbiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland, 2 Mabritec AG, Riehen, Switzerland, 3 Microbial Ecology, Microbiology Unit, Plant Biology Department University of Geneva, Gene`ve, Switzerland Abstract The genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of taxonomic and nomenclature revisions over the past 20 years, and new (sub)species and biogroups are continuously described. Standard identification methods such as biochemical characterization have deficiencies and do not allow clarification of the taxonomic position. This report describes the development of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification database for a rapid identification of clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates. Citation: Benagli C, Demarta A, Caminada A, Ziegler D, Petrini O, et al. (2012) A Rapid MALDI-TOF MS Identification Database at Genospecies Level for Clinical and Environmental Aeromonas Strains. PLoS ONE 7(10): e48441. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048441 Editor: Mikael Skurnik, University of Helsinki, Finland Received May 10, 2012; Accepted September 25, 2012; Published October 31, 2012 Copyright: ß 2012 Benagli et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: No current external funding sources for this study. Competing Interests: The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: Dominik Ziegler is employed by Mabritec AG.
    [Show full text]
  • Haliotis Mariae (Mollusca Haliotidae( رحبلا نذأ
    Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Vol. 20 (2015): 73–77 Received 15 May 2014 Accepted 19 Feb. 2015 RESEARCH PAPER Mortality of the abalone Haliotis mariae (Haliotidae: Mollusca) in aquaculture A case study in Oman Gilha Yoon1,*, Hajer Al-Kaabi1, Um Kalthoum Al-Kindi2, Salem Khoom3, Miyoung Cho4, Myong Ae Park4 and Andrew Shinn 5 نفوق رخوايت أذن البحر )Haliotis mariae (Mollusca Haliotidae: يف اﻹستزراع السمكي يف سلطنة عمان: دراسة حالة جيلها يون1* وهاجر الكعيب 1 وأم كلثوم الكندي 2 وسامل خوم 3 وميونج شو 4 وميونج بارك واندرو شني5 Abstract. The Omani abalone, Haliotis mariae, is the only species of abalone found in Omani waters. Given the rarity of this species and the high price it can fetch on the market (US$ 150 kg-1 dry weight), the wild abalone fishery in the Dhofar region has been regarded as a valuable income source for the past decade. The present study was undertaken set to investigate the mortality of abalone held at the Mirbat Research Center, through bacteriological and histopatholog- ical based investigations and challenge tests. Only the adult wild abalone that had been kept for a year in the hatchery, visually, appeared to be clear of disease symptoms. Infected individuals typically were swollen around the mouth, had fluid tinged with blood, bubbles in the intestines, and, very weak adhesive strength. The foot area (muscle) of diseased animals was noticeably very soft and individuals that were seen lying upside down on the bottom of the tank subse- quently died. On dissection, the intestinal organs released bubbles and a foul smelling odour.
    [Show full text]
  • In Situ Time-Stamping of Abalone Shells to Determine How Abalone Stocks Can Be Aged
    In situ time-stamping of abalone shells to determine how abalone stocks can be aged. R. W. Day, G. P. Hawkes and V. Gomelyuk PROJECT No. 1995/004 In situ time-stamping of abalone shells to determine how abalone stocks can be aged. Final Report, Project No. 1995/004 R. W. Day, G. P. Hawkes and V. Gomelyuk Zoology Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052. This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Published by The University of Melbourne ISBN 0-7325-1616-1 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Non Technical Summary: Page 1 Acknowledgements: Page 4 Background: Page 5 Need: Page 7 Objectives: Page 8 Methods: Page 9 “Time-stamping” to validate the ageing method Page 9 The manganese marking method Page 10 Shell processing Page 10 Fieldwork Page 11 Results: Page 16 Observations during staining Page 16 Laboratory experiments with Haliotis laevigata Page 16 Recaptures of marked abalone from field sites Page 17 Dark layers deposited by abalone after the staining mark Page 21 Timing of band formation during the year Page 23 Evidence from work by Shepherd Page 24 Long Term Recaptures (obtained after the end of the project) Page 27 General Discussion of Results Page 29 Benefits: Page 30 Further development: Page 30 Planned outcomes: Page 32 Conclusion: Page 33 References: Page 35 Appendix 1, Intellectual Property: Page 38 Appendix 2, Staff: Page 39 Appendix 3, Abalone Recapture Data Page 40 1995/004 In situ time-stamping of abalone shells to determine how abalone stocks can be aged.
    [Show full text]