The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (1877)
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Rebellion Brothers Karamazov
Book V, Chapter IV. Rebellion from The Brothers Karamazov (Fyodor Dostoyevsky) Trans: Constance Garnett Project Gutenber Edition “I must make you one confession,” Ivan began. “I could never understand how one can love one's neighbors. It's just one's neighbors, to my mind, that one can't love, though one might love those at a distance. I once read somewhere of John the Merciful, a saint, that when a hungry, frozen beggar came to him, he took him into his bed, held him in his arms, and began breathing into his mouth, which was putrid and loathsome from some awful disease. I am convinced that he did that from ‘self-laceration,’ from the self-laceration of falsity, for the sake of the charity imposed by duty, as a penance laid on him. For any one to love a man, he must be hidden, for as soon as he shows his face, love is gone.” “Father Zossima has talked of that more than once,” observed Alyosha; “he, too, said that the face of a man often hinders many people not practiced in love, from loving him. But yet there's a great deal of love in mankind, and almost Christ-like love. I know that myself, Ivan.” “Well, I know nothing of it so far, and can't understand it, and the innumerable mass of mankind are with me there. The question is, whether that's due to men's bad qualities or whether it's inherent in their nature. To my thinking, Christ-like love for men is a miracle impossible on earth. -
Virginia Woolf's Portraits of Russian Writers
Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers: Creating the Literary Other By Darya Protopopova Virginia Woolf’s Portraits of Russian Writers: Creating the Literary Other By Darya Protopopova This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Darya Protopopova All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2753-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2753-9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Note on the Text ........................................................................................ vi Preface ...................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Russia and the British Search for the Cultural ‘Other’ Chapter One .............................................................................................. 32 Woolf’s Real and Fictional Russians Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 58 Woolf and Dostoevsky: Verbalising the Soul Chapter Three ........................................................................................ -
Department of Russian and Slavonic Studies 2016-17 Module Name Chekhov Module Id (To Be Confirmed) RUS4?? Course Year JS
Department of Russian and Slavonic Studies 2016-17 Module Name Chekhov Module Id (to be confirmed) RUS4?? Course Year JS TSM,SH SS TSM, SH Optional/Mandatory Optional Semester(s) MT Contact hour per week 2 contact hours/week; total 22 hours Private study (hours per week) 100 hours Lecturer(s) Justin Doherty ECTs 10 ECTs Aims This module surveys Chekhov’s writing in both short-story and dramatic forms. While some texts from Chekhov’s early period will be included, the focus will be on works from the later 1880s, 1890s and early 1900s. Attention will be given to the social and historical circumstances which form the background to Chekhov’s writings, as well as to major influences on Chekhov’s writing, notably Tolstoy. In examining Chekhov’s major plays, we will also look closely at Chekhov’s involvement with the Moscow Arts Theatre and theatre director and actor Konstantin Stanislavsky. Set texts will include: 1. Short stories ‘Rural’ narratives: ‘Steppe’, ‘Peasants’, ‘In the Ravine’ Psychological stories: ‘Ward No 6’, ‘The Black Monk’, ‘The Bishop’, ‘A Boring Story’ Stories of gentry life: ‘House with a Mezzanine’, ‘The Duel’, ‘Ariadna’ Provincial stories: ‘My Life’, ‘Ionych’, ‘Anna on the Neck’, ‘The Man in a Case’ Late ‘optimistic’ stories: ‘The Lady with the Dog’, ‘The Bride’ 2. Plays The Seagull Uncle Vanya Three Sisters The Cherry Orchard Note on editions: for the stories, I recommend the Everyman edition, The Chekhov Omnibus: Selected Stories, tr. Constance Garnett, revised by Donald Rayfield, London: J. M. Dent, 1994. There are numerous other translations e.g. -
A Philosophy of the Dreaming Mind
Dream Pluralism: A Philosophy of the Dreaming Mind By Melanie Rosen A THESIS SUBMITTED TO MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE, FACULTY OF HUMAN SCIENCE MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, NSW 2109, AUSTRALIA JULY 2012 Table of Contents Abstract 9 Declaration 11 Acknowledgements 13 Introduction 15 Part 1: Dream Pluralism 25 Chapter 1: The Empirical Study of Dreams: Discoveries and Disputes 27 1.1 Stages of sleep 29 1.1.1 NREM Sleep 30 1.1.2 REM Sleep 32 1.1.3 The Scanning Hypothesis: an attempt to correlate eye movements with dream reports 33 1.2 Dream reports 35 1.2.1 The benefits of lab-based research 36 1.2.2 The benefits of home-based research 38 1.3 Measuring the physiology of the sleeping brain and body 41 1.3.1 Physiological measures: pros and cons 42 1.4 Cognitive and neural features of sleep 48 1.5 Lucid dreamers in the dream lab 55 Conclusion 59 1 Chapter 2: Bizarreness and Metacognition in Dreams: the Pluralist View of Content and Cognition 61 2.1 A pluralistic account of dream content 62 2.1.1 Bizarre and incoherent dreams 63 2.1.2 Dreams are not particularly bizarre 66 2.1.3 Explanations of the conflicting results 69 2.1.4 Dreams vs. fantasy reports 72 2.2 Cognition in dreams: deficient or equivalent? 80 2.2.1 What is metacognition? 80 2.2.2 Metacognition in dreams 83 Conclusion 97 Chapter 3: Rethinking the Received View: Anti-Experience and Narrative Fabrication 99 3.1 Malcolm on dreaming 101 3.1.1 Dreams and verification 102 3.1.2 Evidence against Malcolm 109 3.2 Metaphysical anti-experience theses 115 3.2.1 The cassette view 115 3.2.2 Arguments against the cassette view 118 3.2.3 Consciousness requires recognition or clout 120 3.3 Narrative fabrication in dream reports 122 3.3.1 Rationalisation of strange content 123 3.3.2 Confabulation and memory loss 127 3.3.3 Altered states of consciousness and what it’s like to be a bat. -
Lucid Dreaming and the Feeling of Being Refreshed in the Morning: a Diary Study
Article Lucid Dreaming and the Feeling of Being Refreshed in the Morning: A Diary Study Michael Schredl 1,* , Sophie Dyck 2 and Anja Kühnel 2 1 Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany 2 Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistraße 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-621-1703-1782 Received: 15 December 2019; Accepted: 10 February 2020; Published: 12 February 2020 Abstract: REM periods with lucid dreaming show increased brain activation, especially in the prefrontal cortex, compared to REM periods without lucid dreaming and, thus, the question of whether lucid dreaming interferes with the recovery function of sleep arises. Cross-sectional studies found a negative relationship between sleep quality and lucid dreaming frequency, but this relationship was explained by nightmare frequency. The present study included 149 participants keeping a dream diary for five weeks though the course of a lucid dream induction study. The results clearly indicate that there is no negative effect of having a lucid dream on the feeling of being refreshed in the morning compared to nights with the recall of a non-lucid dream; on the contrary, the feeling of being refreshed was higher after a night with a lucid dream. Future studies should be carried out to elicit tiredness and sleepiness during the day using objective and subjective measurement methods. Keywords: lucid dreaming; sleep quality; nightmares 1. Introduction Lucid dreams are defined as dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming [1]. -
Elisaveta Fen's Chekhov Translations Claire Warden Since The
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Loughborough University Institutional Repository “A Glimpse of Another Russia”: Elisaveta Fen’s Chekhov translations Claire Warden Since the first British production of Anton Chekhov’s play The Seagull in 1909, audiences have found the Russian’s plays both beguiling and frustrating in seemingly equal measure. After living in Britain some years, Russian translator Elisaveta Fen began to recognize the problem: These plays are tragi-comedies: they are the stuff life is made of. They do not fit into any conventional category. Awkwardly presented, they can disappoint, baffle, irritate, or they can cast their spell over the spectator and make him feel 1 he is watching real people, living real lives—on the stage.0F Despite their ubiquity in twentieth- and twenty-first-century British theatre, Chekhov’s plays continue to bewilder audiences: they are tricky to define in terms of genre, and full of unpronounceable names and obscure references to places and cultures. Fen, the primary focus of this article, took up the unenviable challenge of making these plays more accessible to British audiences. Yet, she remains a marginal figure in British theatre historiographies; her name appears as ‘translator’ on numerous programmes and playbills but is rarely acknowledged further. This article claims Fen as an overlooked figure, recovering her work in order to place her within narratives of British theatre. In so doing it identifies her distinct semi-autobiographical, empathetic approach to the translation process. Her translations attempt to resolve a number of personal tensions—homesickness, her despair over the perceived destruction of her Russian idyll (and her frustration at British misunderstandings of this), and her concerns about fitting into British life. -
Taking a Bite out of Bruxism by Jordan Moshkovich
1 Jordan Moshkovich Taking a Bite out of Bruxism In this paper, I will be covering parafunctional habits, bruxism (teeth grinding), and other related dental topics that should not only be of interest to anyone with teeth, but have direct application to overall health. Some of the information in this paper may come as news for some, such as the fact that dentists have begun using botox to help relieve some of the symptoms of bruxism (Nayyar et al). This paper will help educate you about dental health and also might supply important information about dental issues you are already facing. Some of these topics might already be familiar to you, however there should be something new for everyone. An old joke that was once told to me, reminds us, “Be true to your teeth and they won’t be false to you.” Dental health is very important for leading a happy, productive life and even though science continues to make important discoveries every day, the fact is that all humans are diphyodonts, therefore we should treat our teeth well, whether they be deciduous or permanent, because once they are gone, a third dentition will not occur. Diseased teeth can wreak havoc on every aspect of a person’s life and this paper should help you keep yours alive and well for many years to come. Upon reading the opening paragraph, one might well ask, “what are parafunctional th habits?” I know when I first heard those words, I did. According to the 4 edition of Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, parafunctional habits are, "Mandible movements not within normal motions associated with mastication, speech, or respiratory movements" (Fehrenbach). -
Smoke Ivan Turgenev Smoke Ivan Turgenev
Smoke Ivan Turgenev Smoke Ivan Turgenev Translated by Constance Garnett THE NAMES OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE BOOK Grigóry [Grísha] Mihálovitch Litvínov. Tat-yána [Tánya] Petróvna Shestóv. Kapitolína Márkovna. Rostisláv Bambáev. Semyón Yákovlevitch Voroshílov. Stepán Nikoláevitch Gubar-yóv. Matróna Semyónovna Suhántchikov. Tit Bindásov. Pish-Tchálkin. Sozónt Ivánitch Potúgin. Irína Pávlovna Osínin. Valerián Vladímirovitch Ratmírov. I On the 10th of August 1862, at four o’clock in the afternoon, a great number of people were thronging before the well-known Konversation in Baden-Baden. The weather was lovely; everything around—the green trees, the bright houses of the gay city, and the undulating outline of the mountains—everything was in holiday mood, basking in the rays of the kindly sunshine; everything seemed smiling with a sort of blind, 1 Smoke Ivan Turgenev confiding delight; and the same glad, vague smile strayed over the human faces too, old and young, ugly and beautiful alike. Even the blackened and whitened visages of the Parisian demi-monde could not destroy the general impression of bright content and elation, while their many-coloured ribbons and feathers and the sparks of gold and steel on their hats and veils involuntarily recalled the intensified brilliance and light fluttering of birds in spring, with their rainbow-tinted wings. But the dry, guttural snapping of the French jargon, heard on all sides could not equal the song of birds, nor be compared with it. Everything, however, was going on in its accustomed way. The orchestra in the Pavilion played first a medley from the Traviata, then one of Strauss’s waltzes, then ‘Tell her,’ a Russian song, adapted for instruments by an obliging conductor. -
Dreams and Nightmares with a Person’S Waking Life
When nightmares do not disappear spontaneously, psychotherapy may help. Research has demonstrated that simple techniques of dream narration and transformation of the storyline are very useful in eliminating nightmares. Children may be encouraged to share their nightmare experiences with parents and professionals; very young children can benefit from drawing them. It is well documented that traumatic experiences can trigger intensive recurrent nightmares. These NIGHTMARES AND SLEEP nightmares can be associated with post-traumatic TERRORS stress disorder (PTSD), which is often experienced as Dreams and Some dream experiences are particularly distressing a result of war, assault, accidents, and other trauma. and have a negative impact on waking life. Professional help is recommended to alleviate Nightmares are well-elaborated dreams that have recurring nightmares following trauma. Nightmares a frightful, anxious or other dysphoric content that usually wakes up the dreamer. Nightmares tend to WHAT IS DREAMING? occur late in the night and normally during episodes of REM sleep. Sleep terrors, in contrast, are characterized by sudden awakenings from deep (non-REM) sleep near the beginning of the night. Although they too are WHAT ARE THE SOURCES associated with intense and negative mental OF DREAMS? experiences, they are typically very short and not remembered the next morning. The person wakes up from a sleep terror very suddenly with a dramatically increased respiration and heart rate and outward ARE DREAMS USEFUL? expressions of fear or panic. Sleep terrors can cause serious injuries at night and substantial daytime distress. Nightmares increase in prevalence through childhood into adolescence. From 1% to 4% of NIGHTMARES AND parents report their preschoolers have nightmares SLEEP TERRORS “often” or “always”. -
Dream Content Alalysis at the Initiation of CPAP for Obstructive
Diso ep rde le rs S f & o T l h a e Lovin et al., J Sleep Disorders Ther 2013, 2:4 n r r a u p o y DOI: 10.4172/2167-0277.1000127 J Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy ISSN: 2167-0277 Research article Open Access Dream Content Alalysis at the Initiation of CPAP for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Sinziana Lovin1*, Carmen Rusu2, Mihai Mutica3, Anamaria Necula4 and Costinela Georgescu5 1University Lower Danube, Faculty of Medicine, Galati, Romania 2Psychotherapy practice, Galati Romania 3Hospital of Pychiatry, Galati, Romania 4Hospital of Pneumology, Timisoara, Romania 5University Lower Danube, Faculty of Medicine, Galati, Romania Abstract Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a condition characterized by repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent asphyxia and sleep fragmentation. The goal of this study was to assess dream content analysis before and during the first night of treatment for OSAHS using Continuous Positive Pressure (CPAP). We included 38 patients diagnosed using complete overnight polysomnography (PSG), who received CPAP therapy during a second night under PSG. Dream content (word count, thematic units, and emotional content) and the percent of REM sleep were analyzed after both nights. There was an increase in the percent of REM under CPAP (from 16,7% to 26,8%). There was an increase in the number of thematic units (1,36 without CPAP versus 1,82 under CPAP) and in the word count (30,52 without CPAP versus 45,22 under CPAP) and a change in the dream content (unpleasant content in 50% without CPAP versus 37,5% under CPAP). -
Dreaming with a Conscious Mind
UC Berkeley Berkeley Scientific Journal Title Dreaming with a Conscious Mind Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j65h7n6 Journal Berkeley Scientific Journal, 12(2) ISSN 1097-0967 Author Yang, Daniel Publication Date 2009 DOI 10.5070/BS3122007602 Peer reviewed|Undergraduate eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California THE MIND • FALL 2008 • THE MIND Dreaming with a Conscious by Daniel Yang Mind Exploring the mysterious world of lucid dreams... NREM sleep is characterized by a gradual increase in brain- wave amplitude and a gradual decrease in brainwave fre- Lucid dreaming is an old and worldwide practice. Perhaps quency. Generally, higher amplitudes and lower frequencies even you may have experienced the occurrence of waking in brain activity indicate a deeper state of unconsciousness. up, or becoming "aware", within a dream? But some individ- REM sleep, also known as the "ascending stages," typically uals can purposely become aware while dreaming. Lucid follows NREM sleep, and is characterized by brain activity dreamers often report a state of conscious-like awareness and similar to that of the "descending stages" in which high fre- having the capability to control their actions within their quencies and low amplitudes are observed. In a typical night, dreams. Some advanced lucid dreamers are even capable of the stages will occur in a cyclical ascending and descending changing the dream situation at will. But perhaps, since only manner, with each cycle lasting around ninety minutes. Dr. a minority of the population experiences lucidity while Vedfelt, president of the Institute of Integrated dreaming, lucid dreaming has often been overlooked as a sci- Psychotherapy in Denmark, describes one's physiological entific phenomenon. -
Sleep Paralysis: Phenomenology, Neurophysiology and Treatment
Sleep Paralysis: phenomenology, neurophysiology and treatment Elizaveta Solomonova1,2 1Université de Montréal, Individualized program (Cognitive Neuroscience & Philosophy). 2Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Montreal, Canada To appear in: The Oxford Handbook of Spontaneous Thought: Mind-Wandering, Creativity, Dreaming, and Clinical Conditions. Fox, K & Christoff, K. Eds. Abstract Sleep paralysis is an experience of being temporarily unable to move or talk during the transitional periods between sleep and wakefulness: at sleep onset or upon awakening. Feeling of paralysis may be accompanied by a variety of vivid and intense sensory experiences, including mentation in visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, as well as a distinct feeling of presence. This chapter discusses a variety of sleep paralysis experiences from the perspective of enactive cognition and cultural neurophenomenology. Current knowledge of neurophysiology and associated conditions is presented, and some techniques for coping with sleep paralysis are proposed. As an experience characterized by a hybrid state of dreaming and waking, sleep paralysis offers a unique window into phenomenology of spontaneous thought in sleep. Introduction “I had a few terrifying experiences a few years ago. I awoke in the middle of the night. I was sleeping on my back, and couldn't move, but I had the sensation I could see around my room. There was a terrifying figure looming over me. Almost pressing on me. The best way I could describe it was that it was made of shadows. A deep rumbling or buzzing sound was present. It felt like I was in the presence of evil... Which sounds so strange to say!” (31 year old man, USA) Sleep paralysis (SP) is a transient and generally benign phenomenon occurring at sleep onset or upon awakening.