l
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY
VOLUME TWO PART ONE )
•· ~ l •. ~ . " 1
ilM0008638illiiil.11
SHJRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY 2 VOLUMES 198 7
STUDY NUMBER 203 NATIONAL ESTATES PROGRAMME 1985/86
CHAIS MCCONVILLE & ASSOCIATES 19 HOTHAM ST. WILIAMSTOWN 3016
Victorian Government Library Service
7342779 720. 99454 Shire of Bet Bet BET:C conservation study v.2 pt.I 1
Sn IRE OF BET BE T CON SE RVA. T lO i~ STUD'/. VO L~l"i E "T "!VO
BEALIBA COURT HOUSE
LOCATION: COCHRANE ST., BEALi BA TOWNSHIP ALLOT. 10/9 GRANTEE: POLICE RESERVE BUILDERS: SCARf AND SON MAJOR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE:t9t3
DESCRIPTION
We8ther~rded, Dutch-hipped form 'With ,;de porch 'up ported on grooved timber posts, 'vlith Chinese brackets and multi- paned 'w't ndo'w''. Of modest proportioM when compared to the Dunolly and Tarnagulle designs. The building once possessed a simple co1Jrt room an
HISTORY
The police camp 'vl8S established on this site by the 1850s- and this building adjoined the police station 'w'hen it opened in January 191 3. Scarf and Son "ii'ere the eontraetors and their price was £394-10-0. The contract 'Was signed at St. Arnaud six mon1tl3 before the completion of the building. Tht Attorney General (Brwn) performed the ceremony 'with due majesty given that the first action heard before the new court 'w'&s s school case. This case was adjourned to the t1otel 'Where more serious consideration 'w'SS given to its contents by the 83sembled local
magistrates ( Berri men) 1 JPs (Pennington, Cameron and Hayes) and O'Grady and Norris, clerk' of courts. The Minister for Mines(McBride) arrived in time to join a rousi nq song to the ' Ministry' and a succession of toa~s to each dignitary in attendance.
SIGNlflCMJCE
One of tht twn's established public buildings, of high integrity given its wall msterial and like the rail'w'ay station one of the fe-..v public buildings (in particular courthowes) to be bum in timber. This is reflected in turn in its architecture.
LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE
Source: IAP-ress, 7 J8r1uary 1913. P'W 0 dr8'w'1 ll9~.
S!TE LISTINGS 2
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
SITE LISTINGS SHlf=;:E OF BET BET CO N S ERVATIOt~ STUDY: VOL UME TWO
BEALIBA RAILWAY STATION
LOCATION: COCHRAN£ ST., TOWNSHIP Of BEALi BA ALLOT: 13/16 GRANTEE: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS DATE: 1878 MAJOR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BUILDER: J SULLIVAN
DESCRIPTION
Beati ba rail"Way station - a disti nctlve timber station 'lllith a transverse gabled ma1 n roof wll1ch extends over part af the platform as a canopy. Brick chimneys have been painted but 'w'all colours are sympathetic. Remnant cast-iron fringe$ to gable fascias hint at former ornamentetion to verandah columns (capitals) and fi niab to gable apexe-3 .' The station con1ai °' the T&G pine-lined station rn8tif.er's office and attached residence at the rear. Abooking lobby has been added to the wt end, the resfdence extended and the origi na1 booki n9 office (adjoining the station-master's office) Im become part of the ladies' waiting room. A von goods shed and cart dock to the west end 'w'ere. part c1f the origi na1 complex.
HISTORY
When the Duno119-St. Arnaud reil'w'ay arrived in the late 18703, B~liba 'w'83 descr1 bed as a postal and money-order to'w'nshi p, at Cochrane·s Creek. It served the nearby (antJ declining) m1 ni no areas .such 8$ Mt. Moliagul and the growing numbers of se1ectDrs et the mount's fertile foothill.s. West of the town \Vere lar9e tracts of 'W'heat and some vines. To the north, t-wo sheep stations repre$ented the to\<1n's early history as the former centre of the Bealiba and Cochrane·s pastoral leases. Community facilities, such a9 the Mechanic's Institute snd Free Library 'w'ere beginning to establish themselves in the gradual move away from gold, to a more permanent agricultural ei;{lnomic base. Another industry, saw-milling, had received a recent bo-Ost from the i ronbark sleepers needed for the new railway. Tenders for a passenqer station and QOOds .shed, called mid-1978, were won by J Sullivan and J Foote for £547anda11ttle over £474 respectively.
When the 1i ne opened to Beali be in September 1878, the 11 ne C{lnstruction contractors (Morrie & Mattinson)suffered through the celebrstory banquets. After only one and a half miles of 1i ne had been extended from Dunoll y, the contr3Ctors had acquired a mi mature engine in which, after the chris1eni ng ceremony, they had carted a merry cro'w'd of public figures to the 1i mits of their great work and back again, drinking to the success of the venture. John Woods (Victorien Railwe~ Commissioner) hed el ready given support to the venture, & scheme \rlhich he initially resisted. The line was heralded as a much-needed 11 nk beh./een markets and producers although the station 1,r1as dismissed as 'small but convenient' - a building which 'w'OUld soon require extension.The whole line and its buildings formed part of the new 'light 1i ne' policy adopted by the railways after mounting public pressure to reduce construction co'1s. The north-eastern railway extension had been the first of these ne'w' schemes. But the Beali ba rai1Y1sy 'tation best exemplifies tMs type. The design vias later used in more extensive construc1ion programmes; the Rosedale 3tahon, 1881-3 best expresses
SITE LISTINGS 4
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO thi8 •of building. There are stx exemples of the Beelibe subst~le end t"Welve of the Rosedele 3U~t\lle .
The timber ccinstroct1on and relatively h19h tntegrttv (cat-iron ornaments) are the e9!erlt1e1 elements of the Beelibe station. other examples of the $Ubtt11le have not $Urv1ved a ..-ell. Bealtbe h88 been Judoed a of premier imports~ fn the 1981 st~y 'Victoria's Re11vay Stations' b\I Ward end Donnelly
SIGNI f ICAt«;E
Cited as the be$t example of the general Rosedale style oroup of raihr'8\I statfont and of the Be811 ba sub$tyle. It i$ also unusual n a 19 C. ttmber public building.
STATE SIGHlflCAPCE Source: 6£.tyt,· 22· Mey 1378 - 27 September 1878. ~preu,_24 May t 878, 6 September 1878.
6W,1&4 94/LW,fYSTAllPN
SITE LISTINGS .s SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO
BEALIBA GROUP Of BUILDINGS
LOCATION: TOWNSHIP Of BEALi BA SEC: 9 AND 8 BEALi BA BETWEEN GRANT AND COCHRANE STREETS f ACING DAVt ES AND MAIN STREETS
DESCRIPTION
This compact group of building~ includes two churches, the Uniting and the Anglican Church, an Anglican \rlooden hall end the : .:.-:~~:Primary School. Along Mein S1ret ere several shops vi th verandahs and oriqi nat store 'wi ndoYS as -.,.,e11 es Evans Hotel. These buildings. Seversl private r~idences complete the group.
SIGNIFICANCE
lndividuanv, several of these bui1difl9S mag not rank highly in conservation ternl$. twever as e group, this is an extremely significant collection of structures. The scale end mateial un1formity of the churches and the shops give a unique quality to the oroup. As velt the private d'Wellings add to the s19niftcance of the group. (see part f1.to Areas of Special Significance)
LOCAL IMPORTMCE
SITE LIST INGS 6
SHIRE Of BET BET: VOLUME TWO
8£'4U&# GgJUPl!f BU/L/)/MiS 7
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
SITE LISTINGS 8 SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO
BEALIBA CEMETERY
LOCATION: TOWNSHIP Of BEALi BA
DESCRIPTION
Well mafntalned nfneteenth centurv Y'fth many headstonet 1n leroe1v simple arched pattern Graves of leedi no twspeople 1ncl udi no Evans fem11 u. An entrance ...ay and treets on the site
SIGNIFICAM:E
As vtth other cemeteries Jn the Shire, this Is a register of the htstoru of the twn. Memorials and f nscri ptiona are vital chm to n1 neteenth centurv twn life 9
1 e:HJ · ' 1P. , E ('Jr' Rr..... c "!'"1 8,...c. T ...,...,n,~n~.·s•r'V CK .A .T! . Q r" .J ._,C:T lLJf'Yu ·. '•v'O',_ I._, r1~L. -I\n;. !(;_
ST. JOHN'S ANGLICAN CHURCH
LOCATION: BARKL V ST., DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT. RES/24 GRANTEE: ANGLICAN CHURCH, DUNOLLV DATL 1863 MAJOR OWNER: ANGLICAN CHURCH ARCHITECT: VAHLAND & GETZSCHMANN
BUILDER: FAULKNER 1 NOTTAGE, RUSSELL AND HARTIGAN
DESCRIPTION
Anglican ct1urch built from freestone rubble 'w'ith granite footings, brick pitlasters and buttresses "Wtth cement cappi ngs. It is more notable for Hs mo1Jlded brtck"Work \tlhich i~ludes conical bsrtizans at the gables . It has a simple Goihic revival style 'w'ith details such as 1he t1 mber tracery, bell to'w'er ba3e (; nco mp1 e1e) end faceted epse co mbi ni nq 8$ a design w- hi ch 'w'3s poterrtfa11 y superior to the town's other churches. This des;gn remains unrealised. The Catholic Church is a si miler more complete concept and iu recently defaced spire is ell that preYent' it from being e far superior W"ork to St. John's. Recent \tlork includes reroofi ng using an i nappropriete gutter form.
HISTORY
The site of the church ~as beletedl y gaze-tted in June 1863, three years prior to the laying of the foundation stone and onl 1J four years after the f1 rst church in the twn was completed. Completed in December 1869, the stc0nd church 'w'as elewted to e desi9n by Bendigo architects, Vahlend & Getzschmenn, built by subcontractors, James f aul ~ner of Dunotl y( 'Walls) John Nottage of New-bridge, J Ru33el1 and T Hartigan. The freestone and bricks were obtei ned local! y as was the clerk of 'w'Ork.s, Thomas Tyrer . An extra £ 1000 'w'as lent by Deason and Oates, the discoverers of the ' Welcome Stranoer', for the completion of the project. Ten years toter George Fi ncham's pipe organ was installed in the north-we~ corner of the church by a Mr Grounds. This rare in3trument remains today, in remarkably unspoilt condition 'With its crenelated oak-grained ca3e .
SIG~H f ICANCE
An ;ncomplete d~ign. It is thus inferior to the many Gothic Revivsl parfah churches throughout Victoria. But given its prominent status as a public building in the tO'w'n's key years of expanaion, ib contribution to s broeder eccles1as1ical complex and Us us:e of local materials (especially the stone) it has a high local 1mportance. The organ is of high tndividua1 significance.
LOCAL SIGNlflCANCE
Source: National Trtm flle. EXP.re$$>25 f4ovember 1879.
SITE LI ST INGS 10 l SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SUJHDMfl./CA.NCHUg'll Pfllll'Lt'
SITE LISTINGS 1 1 SHiRE OF BET 8ET CONSER VA.TION STUDY: \JOLUl"!E TV/O ST. JOHN'S AMGUCAH CHURCH ANO SCHOOL
LOCATION: BARKL V ST., DUNOLL Y TOWNSHIP ALLOT: RES/24 GRANTEE : ANGLICAN CHURCH GRANT DATE: 1858 MAJOR OWNER: ANGLICAN CHURCH BUILDER: GEORGE LETIS AND CROSSLEY BROS.
DESCRIPTION
An early AngHcan hall (former church) of a plain Gothic revival s1yle. The face br1ck has been stuccoed over, joinery details have been removed; the chimneys oppear added and iwi ndw details altered. The complex Im no fence .
HISTORY
Opened in May 1858, ten years after the first Anglican services were held in Wool ridge's Eagle Saloon ( Broad'w'ay). The fi rs1 stone of this church W'a3 laid btJ Bishop Perry in mid-1857. The contractors 'Were George Letts and the Crossley Brothers but the designer is unkno\lln. The roof had been completed by May 1858 and as one observer noted 'from ib high position it is the first object seen on entering the tow-n and is decidedly an ornament•. With its face brick W'Slls &nd shingled roof it wa' no more than e pl&i n bu1ld1 ng but it did remind one correspondent in the Heryboroygh end Dunoll y Advertiser of 'meny vmage churches in the old country'.
One of the Charles Dicker embrotypes of 1861 sho\tls the church surrounded by & tall ~ili ng fence and adorned \Yith a f1 ne scalloped Gothic barge board to both church and porch. As""&$ the cll3tom, the bell hung on a free-stendi ng scaffold in front of the church w-hile a picturesque louvred roof vent w-as plsced forw-ard on the r1dge.
It rem.a1 ned briefly a' a centre of Anqlican 'WO rs hip until the second church opened in 1869. Sir Henry Bar kl y at1ended services there in Octo~r 1861. Jo~hua Thomas (grandfather of Dean Thomas, Melbourne) used it as a school in later year$.
SIGNI t"ICANCE
TMs is the oldest 3urvivi ng church in the shire and dates from the al 1uvial mining period. It hes a simple early form but notable joinery and other details have been removed end an~ external expresson of age has been consequently obscured.
LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE
Source: Advertfoer J 4 May 1858. Nant1onal Tru~t file 2081, after J Bell, Sth. YarraJ 1966. Conservation study l'Ol . 1. Flett, Dunolly, p. 11 3.
SITE LISTINGS 12
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
rWit.ICANftlllmMNPKllKJI.. IJVllJl,Lt'
SITE LISTINGS 13
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
tlll/SlMIP(}fflfl P/IM!l.L r
SITE LISTINGS l 14
SH IRE OF BET BE T CONSEP VAT ION STUDY: VOLUf"lE -:wo
HOUSE AND OFFICE
LOCAT ION: BARKLY ST .,TOWNSHIP or DUNOLLY ALLOT: 8114 PT GRANTEE : HARPER J DATE: 1865(?) MAJOR OWNER: HAVES, WILLIAM
DESCRIPTION
A brick hou~e or oftke '*1th a long street frontage built of flemish bonded tuck-pointed bricbvork, the rootline is gabled and the plan is an l-Shape. The convex roof verandah has an early pierced valence and rare panelled columns. There ;s no fence.
HISTORY
James Harper purchased this tO\v'n lot in 1857 as one of many in the Dunoll y- Maryborough area. Three vears later he sold this and a number of other allotments to a storekeeper / James Grieg, for £500. Grieg in turn sold the site and part of allot. 9 to William Hayes end Pat Dun lea in 1866 for £ 400. In vie'vl of the depressed econom9 of the period this price per heps indicates the extent of improvements on the block. Grieo had already established a store at the other end of the block, faci n9 Broadwiay.
As partner3, Hayes and Dunlea ran general stores in Dunoll y, Inkerman and MoliS(Jul. William Haye~ Jnr. inheri1~ t~ lots and their improvemtnt tn 1899 after Ms father ecqui red Ounlea's share in 1869. Wiliam Barker, a Ounoll y butcher, owned th1s house and the store fn>nti ng the Broadway, purcha3i ng from Hayes in t 932. Neither Gri~ nor Hayes are cited in the Dunolly directories, 1866-186 7. Hayes and Dunlea both appear in t 86 7. Grieg worked through a Melbourne sohcitor (John Collins) and ITl8Y have been a .speculator. It is p03sible that the store arid house 'Were built soon after Dunlea and Hayes bought the block in 1866 and 'w'ere occupied by Hayes for much of last century. They may have been Hayes' office. Burgle rs entered Hayes' office in the 18903 by getting in through a rear 'Wi ndo\i. Heyes put up bars after that incident. Hayes reputedly became a rich man through mining, in particular through his tioldtngs in the Goldsborough Company. Dunlea however committed suicide st the GraiJtO\t'n Rush il'l 1869 not Jong after a disagreement W'ith Heyes ended their partnership.
SIGNtfJCANCE
Relatively high integrity 'w'ith details (verancl8h posts) which are at once rare and expresstve of an earl \:I Victorian period of domestic architecture. Jt is the only site in the study area kno'Vln to ha~1e a long assoctation "ftith one of the most prom1 nent personalities from local commerce and mining; a man 'WM "Won community recognition by serving as a JP and councillor. J LOCAL SIGNI f I CANCE
&lurce: RGO MeffiQrials .
SITE LISTINGS 1 5
SH 1PE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUf"lE TVIO WESlEYA~ CHURCH~ DUMOLlY
LOCATION : BARKLV ST ., DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 1125 GRANTEE : WESLEYAN CHURCH DATE : 1863 MAJOR OWNER: WESLEYAN CHURCH ARCHITECT: CROUCH & WILSON BUILDER: FOOKER & GRINDLEY
DESCRIPTION
Church of simple brick Goth1c revival design 'w'ith cement details end stone rubble footi n9' with a central bell~te and spire let~ to etich buttr~s in tht main elevation, vindo'Yls are leaded lights. The main llght fa a trefoil motif set in a roundel above three po1 nted 11ghts. The fence h.eS" been replaced f n 1he 192~- 1930$.
HISTORY
At the ti me of the DunoH y Rush, a group of Wesleyaf)$, incl ud1 nQ Ned Peters erected a tent church on the Dunoll y goldfield$, c. 1857, as Peter& degcri bed it 'the little chapel is f1 nail y erected after the colonial style havi nq been built in a day•. Two year! later, when min1ng decl1ned the chapel was sold to e Dunolly stationer / William lfese!J for one pound. Peters and others preached in the earliest We3leysn meeti nos of the Avoca circuit after 1855, but Du non y vas apparently et18ched to the Carisbnok circuit at the ti me of the sale.
llinother more substantial brick church was erected st Goldsborough and opened in 1861 by Rev RS Bunn. In Dunoll y W~leyens le83ed & tempor.ary meeting place in Broad'vlay before acquiring the present site on the government reserve. The church opened 1n April 1863. Crouch & Wilson 'Were the architects and the local contractor and architect, Wi11iam Footer was clerk. of "Kor ks. Fook.er & Gi ndlel) 'Were the builders. The church cost an estimated £800. Rev. J-Ohn Me'w'ton circuit sup.eri rrtendent end Rev T Pybus conducted three very crwded opening services. Amongst thost attending 'Were Job Hansford and Peters (both di rectors of the rich Queens Birthday Mine) and the first society convenor Isaac Nonmus. The church wes declared an 'ornament' t!I the town and the We31eyan effort e model for the district's other faiths. The church -was the first structure in "llh.et is today a vi rtue11 y cohe3ive ecc1esiest1ca1 complex.
The Jubilee Sundey School fronting T'w'eedele St., opened in June 1857 designed by Melbtlurne architect, Evandor Mcivor. The school hed commenced in the church dun ng the 1860s under Hansford es superintendent aided by Ed'wi n Peters and George Stafford ~teachers. Cro'Wd1 ng in ttre church was at first resolved ( 1870) bfJ extending 18 feet to hoim a vestry and Sundey school classroom arid finally, by the erection of e separate school buildi nq by contractors, Phelan Handcoc~ & Taylor. Duno1ly monumental mason, James Faulkner, carved two foundatfon stones each laid by the oociety's founders Hansford and Peters. The nearby 1nfant school or kindergarten school of 1905 \Vas the gift of WT Hansford and his sister. The parsonage in TW'eedale St 1s thought to hsve been built c 1880.
SITE LIST INGS 16
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
SIGNIFICAtcE
More than anu oth$r buttdtno 1n the stoov area, this complex hu the closest effltte«on vtth m1mno ectivttv and thus hat • direct link 'with the SMre·a e$8entfa1 economic force. JudQed es a sf ngle bufldino, the church it not outstandi no f n architectural terma. It relies for its sf9nificence on its pos;tion es the centrepiece of e oroup of buildings vhfch hew lrioh stvltstic and phl}S1ca1 homocjeneitv. ThelJ ere phusical chronotogv of Wesleyen endeavour in the twn. In en historical aense the site 1, extreme1u important. It repr«ienb the conttnuttu 1n We$leyan life, the ®mtnent role of kev Weslevens (especialhJ Hansford) tn Dunonu·s relt91ous end economic 11fe, and the manner tn "Which ootd mf n1no ul'!derlav the fortunes of church conoreoattona 'w'ell into the t'alentteth centuru.
The Weslei,can church complex of butldtnp and the plantinos around them reflect the central part pt•uect bu Wesleyans tn amen mtmno twM l1ke Dunonv and the manner 1n'w'hfch theva.ma1ned church Hfe durtnothe rich vears.of gold m1n1no encl the teener tf~ ¥hfch fo11wed.
STATE SIGNIFICAtCE Source: Bell80n, Asnturu of Y1ctorfen Hstbodtam p.450. nett, PunoJJy, p.198,p.199. W.YL 28 November 1862, 28 Ntvember 1863 ReY R0¥er in Tam rm, Januen~ 1972.
WE$L£rAllCllURCH8UILPIG RU!IJLIY
SITE LISTINGS 17
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
SITE LISTINGS 18
LONDON CHARTERED BANK OF AUSTRALASIA
LOCATION: BROADWAY, DU NOLL V TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 17115 GRANTEE: LONDON CHARTERED BANK OF AUSTRALASIA GRANT DATE: t 6 JANUARY t 861 BUILDING DATE: 1867 MAJOR OWNER : LONDON CHARTERED BANK OF AUSTRALASIA ARCHITECT: TERRY, LEONARD
DESCRIPTION
T\fo-storey former London Chartered Benlc designed in an austere Renaissance revival \fith impressive red brich1ork(especially in the convoluted arched openings at ground level). Restrained cement ornamentation consists of flat pedi menb O"Ver 'w'i ndo'tls and the cornfce is dentilated. Wrought iron ornamentation fa u3ed in the upper 'w'i ndlh's 'Which also retm n their blind hood~.
HISTORY
Of the many Victorian ben~ing companies formed to accomodate the gold era, two opened at Dunolly during the rush period: the Bank of Victoria and the London Chartered Bank (established in Victoria in 1852). Established in 1857 in a leased part of Solomon & Levey's store (under manager HB Anderson) the bank also housed e Union Bank gold-buying agenc!J from June 1858. A phrrtograph of 1661 shows a prefabricated iron building in use for the bank (probably a part of Levey's store advert1sed in 1865 8' of iron 30 ft by 60 ft. Reputed! y a timber building was erected on this site in 1862, It we~ replaced within five yeers by the present brick btrildi ng. The Dunoll y bank of VictQria al.so occupied a 'substantial' brick bo11ding by tt1e mid 1860s.
Terry pre\o·iously designed other bank branches st Melbourne and Geelong ( t 859) Mer ybor13u9h ( 1861) Talbot ( 1866) Balla rat ( 1866) and Ararat ( 1867). He designed Union Bsnks st Portland, Castlemaine( 1859) Ba11arat ( 1663) and Clunes ( 1865). Bet\tleen 1861 and 1871 Terry is known to have designed at l east 17 banb for companies 1ncl udi ng the National, the Colonial, the Ne'w' South Wales and the Union.
Early staff members included JE Eddie end DMyers (manager end accountant) WS Puckle (later of Moonee Ponds) and WG Banfield. Most managers were valued by the town even W'hen their stay wa3 short. Puckle for example received a gloW'i ng testimonial w~1en h.e left Dunolly. Deason and Oates took the Welcome Stranger to thi5 branch i n 1869 receiv1 ng from the bank £ 9534 for ju~ over 2268 ounces of gold.
SIGN! f I CANCE
Of the many banks designed for gold to\1ns, this is one of a small number Vllth a brick fi nfah . Henc~ 1n architectural terms it expresses both the region's resources (good bricks were read11 y available) and as well en unusual combi nation of hi9h-~yle i:1rchi tecture and typically low style (Victorian period C4'.lmmercia1 context) materials. As a composition type (see Tretho'w'an's analysis)
SITE LISTINGS 19
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO it 1e unmatched blJ eRIJ kllO'w'n bank d8aign.
STATE SIGNIFICAICE Source: Trethown, •eano ofV1ctona•. WJI, 9 Mey 1867. nett, Dunoll y,p. 42,p.162,, p.49, p.142. Dicker Collection, SLY. UDfm. 13 Februery 1865, Butler, 'Benn of Victoria' abatrect.
SITE LISTINGS 20
SH I P.E OF BET BET CCNSEPV .A.T !ON STUD'!. VOUJr-·;E TWO
ROYAL HOTEL, OUNOLLY
LOCATION: BROADWAY, DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT . 18/14 GRANTEE: RAV ,J DATE:t 894 OWNER: RAV, JANE ARCHITECT : RAV, GEORGE
DESCRIPTION
I~ Ray, a Mery borough hotel keeptr, purchmd this site st the Duooll y ~OW'n allotment sate of 1857 . He al ready o'w'ned a hotel at the Ararat Rush and his split· slab 'Live and Let live Hotel' graced Maryborough's H1gh Street. Ray had 'w'ide sporting i nteres-ts and social contacts in Dunoll y and in the 1850s he put up ¬ her Live and Let Live, s1Jpposedl 1J on this site. In recalling the Dunoll y rush, R3y told of ht' arrival et the diggi nga in 1853 and ho'w' he set up e Dunoll y hotel t n 1656. he also told of pistol practice in -which his top h&t served as a tarqet. His first hotel burned do'w'n in 1857. The Royal replaced it and this 'w'as altered in 1894, owned and ~nducted btJ Jane Ray.
George Rsy, then o1 Maldon 1 called for tenders bi remove the old hotel early in 1894 foll wed closely by calls to contractors to erect a t'w'O · storey brick hotel in february. The local paper 'Was struck by Mrs. Ray's confidence in the towns·s future . She planned to rebuild 'the old hotel ... one of our b~t known ho3ie1 ries' in financially troubled ti mes. Mrs Ray made all the usual claims for her ne'w' hotel . lt supposedly offered first class a~omodation 'Ct)mmodious' fac111t1es and handsome architecture. Its great advantage over rivals"'~ the u~tai rs belcony. The verandah ran the full width of the building and allO'w'ed coolt ng breezes into the upper floor. The bu1lding 'w'SS supposedly up to the mark in the latest architectural trends but 'w'hile bei 09 'chastl y adorned' there was a 'massive' bal~ rade to the parapet.
Inside on the left of the wide entrance hall 'w'SS a bar 'w'ith a parlour attached and behind that a large bilHards hall. On the other side \t18s a large dining room and behind that a traveller's room. At the rear of the traveller's room was a private bedroom. Commercial travellers ctiuld use the traveller's room to display the latest goods carted around on their travels. On the upper 'floor a large bedroom opened out to the balcony and across the Ct)rridor was a commercial room. The rest of the ne\1 building consisted of bedrooms and sevice areas, with the stables at the rear, reached through a broad arch'w'ay under the hotel from Broad\t"~y . At antJ ti me in Duooll y's history, thls project "Would have been considered a giant undertak1 ng. Mrs. Ray had the courage to begin the project one year after the bank moratori urn.
SIG NI Fl CANCE
Compared to the grand highly decorated hotels of the boom and post· boom period (Shamrock, Bendigo or the Yacht Club (Williamstown), 1he Ro~al is modest in design and has regional interest, especially si nee the 'w'arm red brickW'ork has been painted over. It is the shire's largest l 9c. hotel.
SITE LIST INGS 21
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE
Source: flettMtcyborouoh, p.29. Flett, DunoJ!y, p.59. Flett, Old pubs,p.58. Exprm. t 6 Januerv 1894, 16 February 1894, 20 Februar111894.
SITE LISTINGS 22
SH IRE OF BET 8ET CGNSERV.A.TION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
BENDIGO HOTEL AND COACH OFFICE
LOCATION: 82 BROADWAY, OUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT : 13/14 GRANT DATE: 9 JUL V t 857 GRANTEE : Sl MPSON, G DATE: t 857-58 BUILDER: WITTACKER, ROBERT
DESCRIPTION
P~rapetted and ~tucroed brick'w'ork 'With t-wo stgM on the parapet - 'coach office' and 'billiards', Double panelled doors, flanked by pilasters, reinforce the expression of the former hotel use. Paint rolours appear fa be early and de3pite the cracking much of the dtructure is intact A stable, hell end restdential wing are at the rear and the hotel h8' a dilapidated but or1gi nal (post 1861) ~treet verandah. Much of this hotel \t/113 reputed} y built by Robert Whittaker, e co-founder of the Duno11y Bre'Wery.
HISTORY
George Simpson h8d both allotments 13 and 14 after 1857. He had been on the site since 1856. Born in linco1n$hire, Simp$0n Md joined the emigration to Victoria in 1852, trtjinq the Bendigo and Beechvorth field$. He opened a restaurant while at Bendigo. After his 13 year~ in Dunolly, Simp~n returned to Bendigo as an auct1oneer and later retired to StaW'ell. Duri n9 that ti me he improved the hotel. He opened a large hall in May 1858 and leased it as ttr.e Court of Petty Sessions and later the Dunolly Twn hell. The hotel opening coincided 'w'ith the Mey 1858 Queen's Birthday Ball. Observers noted that Simpson had progr~sivel y added to h1s hotel complex and expressed surprise at the size of the hall itself:- • it would be for & long ti me to cxime the best 1n toiwn'. The hall \t'SS of br1ck and plastered throughout. A photograoh of 1861 shows the Broad'w'a•J hotel facade much as it is nw ( \llithout the verandah) and IWith e date of 1857 on the fac1Jde. A C-Obb & Co. coach can be seen outside the hotel. After the Bull and Mouth 'w'8S demolished and James Lyle left Dunolly and Simpson took over as coachinq office for Cobb & Co. The company ren coac~ ~tween Dunoll y and the rushes at Back Creek and I ngle'w'ood. Not long after'w'&rds the Ingle'w'ood rail-way 'w'as built and c.oachi ng declined. Simpson arranged a ten year lease at £250 a year to Wiliam and T Tarc hell (hoteliers in In9le'w'ood) Tetchell had rights to purchase the hotel for £2250. The right 1t1as taken up to 1873. William Tatche11 later sold to William jnr. 1n 1893. WilHarn RSomers purchased the building in 1898. Eventua11 y the hotel became a siore under P&trick J Daly 'w'ho purchased the $ite in 1922. Somers retired to Middle Briohton, Simpson and Wntiam Hayes (qv) opened the Pound Ru~h Gold Mining Company in 1865. They tried to lease the diggings at Pottery H111 "Which aroused popular resfatance backed by the Mayor, Henry Daly, of the fsmi1 y \.vho eventually bought the hoteJ.
SIGN! Fl CANCE
Many early hotels survive from both the gold and pre-gflld eras. Of these stmply-design~ hotels, fe\d have the same integrity as the Bendigo. (see the
Oddfellows 1 Little Lonsdale St., 1854). A$ well as this integrity, the buildt ng face5
SI TE LISTI NGS 23
SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO onto e pertod street sett1ng and tho permanent $i9ns on the building descr\be 1ts $evera1 functions (coach office and biliarcb for exemple). The$e 9$teblish the
bu11ctl nos l1 nk to ttie po3t-rush but pre-ran 11fe of Dunon y. Jn terms of cons1raEtion technique, no older building has e penpeted roof line 1Mteed of an ex~ h1 p roof 1a1i th fascf a gutter. Interto'"' in oriqi nal condition ~urvfve. lt is the oldest communitv centre 1n Dunonv, indeed in the shtre end it ~ e setting for major public occasions until the to'a'n he\1 \11$ finished in t 862.
STATE SIGNIFICAtt:E
source: Flett, Meryboro~p. 143, p. 76. Flett, Old Pubs . p.se. RGO.
BlNtWjQll)T{i Pl.lllJlit'
SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO
J 2G
SHI P.E OF BET BET CONSER\/ AT !Oi.. J STUDY: VGL Jr-·1E TWO
BET BET SHIRE TOWN HALL. FORMER DUNOLLY COURT HOUSE
LOCATION: 83 BROADWAY, OUNOllY TOWNSHIP GRANT DATE: 10 SEPTEMBER 1907 DATE: 1884 OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT: BASTOW, HEN RV; PUBLIC WORKS CHIEF .t.RCHIT ECT
DESCRJ PTION
Built as a court nou~e and bear1 ng a memorial stone dated 22 June 1897 and the i~ription 'erected by the Burge+~es of DuncHy in aff~tionate loyalty to the British throne and empire and in commemoratiOon of the 60th year of the i1 ~trious reign of Vtctona'; name of Mayor VP Morris attached. Oe3ign i$ of an Italianate form in Venetian Gothic mode with three-colour brick\tlork, terracotta mouldings and cementing over the tripartite entrance to the porch. Si mtlar designs exist in Camperdovn and Warrugal; unlike the'e, Dunoll y toW'n hell has a gabled pediment 'With ocul us over the porch. S-Ome internal fittinqa and fi nshes are notable.
HISTORY
The verloU* courb (County, Mining, PeUy SessioM} held fn the Duno\ly circuit shifted from from the old Commissioners Camp 31te at North Dunolly to Simpson's Hotel (qv) in Broadway in 1858 and 11gain to the 'nN site' fronting the Merk~ Square. They W'ere shared between ther County Caurt and the Petty Sessions Court ( 1860 demo11.shed) for the next 26 ~rs . Despite the concentration of civic building, around the M8rket Square they were then moved to Broadway to be closer to the rail'w'ag :- ihe building follws the typical lay-out \Nith arcaded porct1,
an ante a room and the main court roam flanked b•J rooms for jurors, 'Witnesse3, j U SIGNI f'ICANCE Victoria has at least three other examples of this type of building. This one has high integrity, notable ornament and composition and 1i ke other 19 C Bet Bet shire offices it has been a major public building in the shire for more than 100 years . LOCAL SIGN! Fl CANCE Source: Flett, Dunoll y, pp, 68~ 75. SITE LIS TINGS 26 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO Rl/M)Ll t' TQtt'NHrUl rlNQttllll{T 11/llSl t".ail .a•' ···•·. .____ ::;;~;~~::~:;;;~_-:-_L.~~~~~~-i~~~~-_-...:.=~ -:: ------·-: ...... -- __ .. _... -- ~...... ~ - J SITE LISTINGS SHI P.E OF BET BET CONSERVA T i O t-~ STUDY. VOLiJf-·1E TWO RAIL WAY HOTEL (FORMERLY CRITERIOtO LOCATION: 101 BROADWAY, DU NOLL V TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 5-7 /1 S GRANTEE: DE PASS J,NUTTALL, EH GRANT DATE: 9 JULY 1857 DATE: 1863 OWNER: ERNST ERNSTSEN DESCRIPTION Stucco-fronted brick hotel of t'w'o storeys. It is designed in an imposing Italian Revival manner with Ionic order trabest1on, a smooth rusticated ground level and s11ernati ng segment arch 1,o1ith gabled pediments over the upper opening, . Chimney cornices t1ave deep brackets and at ground level the deep keystones to the rustication are distinctive as is the carriage'w'ay li nki nq the stables at the rear. Side 1,o1al ls have Flemish bond brich1ork. HISTORY Foo' & Fitzpatrick supposedly erected a large canvas and timber hotel (Golden Age) here in the 1850s and the adjoining 9rant 'w'ent to Ed¥1ard Nu1t&11 (prinre, Dunolly) for 3115/- in 1857. These two occupations (hotelier and printer) are :shown on tht Flett 1856 pl~n with the Golden Age on allotments 8 & 9 to the sou~h of Nuttall. Ernst.sen announced in June 1858: this hot.el /t8$ just b#rr Ifnfsht:d at an ert(Jrmo/J9 His advertisment referred to the first Criterion Hotel pictured in 1861 in Flett'~ Old Pubs as a timber si ogle-storey hotel 'w'ith whet appears to be a cemented pilsstradet.f facade, resembling the Bendigo Hotel. NuUall sold his lot to Ernst Ernsben in 1859 for 3 modest £200 'vi hi le the O'w'ner of the adjoining allotments (Fitzpatrick, Ashton and Coates) subdivided, each sellin11 their portions to Ernsben between 1858 and l 861 for a total value of £252-1 0-0. At the beginning of 1863 Ernstsen announced that he was going tp put up a 'ft rst class' hotel 'w'hich would have no rt val outside Melbourne. The t1otel opened with a grand ball t n a n!'t1 bllll room ( 40 by 20 feet) t\\lo wetb later. A photograph (dated by Flett as 1866) sho'w's the hotel much as it fa today with a parapeted and probably pillstraded facade. Ernstsen made flis money on the Belgian Reef in the late 1850s and 1860s. His ne'W' hotel 1ias unmatched in Dunolly. The tale of a plenned marble facade, lost at sea en route to Duooll y, indicates the grand vision of the gold era and the reputedly unfinished state of ttie building. Ernstsen mortqaged lots 7-9 for £600 l n 1865 to the Maryborough merchant William McCullough. Some improvements may hove been made then or else recent expenditure beg.an to tell. Mortgage transfers folloW'ed up to 1882. Mean'w'hile Ernstsen·s property (including the Rail'w'ay and Harris Haddon Hotels) "Were assigned to trustees for the benefit of his creditors in 1870. Francis Fearn the SITE LIST INGS 28 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ne'w' licensee of 1873, renamed the hotel for the open1f19 of tha Csstlemeine-Dunolly reihr•ey in the follo'w't no year. Meen'w'hile the trustees and Ernstsen negotiated e nw-vear tease from m1d- t 881 to Ed'w'in Ntcoolls until the ootel's sele to Anne Wigham, a Dunolly hoteU::eeper for£ 1550. Her executors (James Wigham and Richard Harr1J) mor108Qed in 1885for£1000. They sold to tmee, Ectwerd H1coolb, in 1886 end re-borrwed £ t 500 from a bu1ldi119 society in 1887. NicooUa announced • c;ireat improvements• end 1 nN bHlianb room in the 1890s. SIGNI f tCAN:E When compared for example to Beck's Imperlal Hotel in Ca$tlemaf ne, the Rtihi1a11 seems styled in a less ornementat Renatmnce revival manner. But it is on e grander scale. The massive tw-$foreyed parapeted form 1s only matched 1n early hotels of th13 style bv buildf rigs like the Globe Hotel 230 S'w'anston St.,( 1858), the Red Lion f n Kil more ( 1859) and poss;bly a part of Ba11aret's Craig's Hotel ( 1862). "1o$1 of these have been altered at oround level. It appears that the Raihr'81J has not.Again the Railwy survives in a better period streetscape. STATE SIGNIFICANCE source: Flett, Qunollu,p.153. nett, Old pubf. pp. 57:.. se. RGO. Dieter co11ect1on~LV . w..rm, 5 December 1893. Advertiper. 8 Mai.i t 863. Butler, "'Victorian hoteW -~-deta abstract. SITE LISTINGS 2 9 e;,hl ~ E r,~l~ 1 ~t- ,H-··\' .--~.I T\ ~ V''. ~ · ... n·~r 8'''1[_ I Brc. T l.... l~,J . /h'' T Vl'I ·:,~ ·I u·" u·' ( . vn1~ - Ul"lE. . n·~· DUNOLLY POST OFFICE (2ND) LOCATION: 102 BROADWAY, DUNOLLYTOWNSHIP ALLOT: 6/ l 4 GRANTEE: JACKSON, J GRANT DATE: 8 JULY 1857 DATE: 1891 OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT: BASTOW, HENRY DESCRIPTION At'w'o-storeyed , to"Wered and stuccoed Renaissance revival form ·with distinctive two-level arcsdt ng, bal l.l!trsded parapet end clocktower with dome and lantern supported on Corinthian pilasters. Colours are sympathetic but brickwork hes been psi rited on side elevations. HISTORY Preceded by a number of official end unofficial sites, the first major ~t and telegraph office structure faced Har~ Square from 1872 (qv.). An earlier veattierboarded telegraph station stood on th.at site from the date of the first telegraph link to Castlem.aine in 1859. With the .erriYal of the rail'w'ay on the wes1ern edge of the town in 1874, ne~, civic sites "Were selected along the main street. The dr~i ngs for thh building were prepered in mid- 1890 and the contract was signed in Ba11arat by William Morrfa in 14 August 1890 for a cost of £246 7. On the ground level fronti nq the arcade there was a mail and moneiJ order office separated from the public lobby by a long counter. The arcade sheltered letter-posters approechi ng ttre central letterbox. Service rooms and dining room of the residential section took up the rear of the bUildi ng. Upsta1 rs were bath and bedrooms. The building remained the to'w'n's showpiece for many ljears, a1'Ways featuring in vieV!s of the di3trict in illustrated periodicals. The design departed from the usual conservative Italian Renaissance palazzo style developed by Wardell. It is comp~rable to a small number of major offices including the Fitzroy Post Office ( 1888) 1n its ornate use of the Italian High Renaissance maner. SIGNIFICANCE Compared to regional post offices built et the same ti me in tO'w'ns oft he 3ame size, thls building has fe'W rivals and is superior to most in ib well-executed style and scope. The tower is a fine distinguishing feature. It has also funct1oned as one of the to'w'n·~ key public build1 ngs for neerl y 100 y~r3 and fa ~till an important meeting place for old residerit3. ST ATE SIGN! FICAHCE Source: Flett, Dunolly, p.49 ,pp. 75- 75. National T r us~ 2735, D Baker. Post Office reports, 1889- 1890. SI TE LISTINGS 30 SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 31 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME Pr/O SHOP AND RESIDENCE LOCATION: 116 BROADWAY,DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT : 14113 GRANTEE: MORRISEY ,M GRANT DA TE: 8 JUL V 185 7 DATE : 1860- l 865 MAJOR OWNER: VEZEV, WILLIAM DESCRIPTION A parapeted brick shop 'w'lth timber framed shopfronts on either side of do1Jble panelled doors. The shopfronts are framed 'With colonettes and the verandah survives but the brickwork has been pal nted. Joining to the north is a double f ronted 'w'estherboarded house 'Ylith an elegant concave verandah, timber posts) Yith capitals end the remnants af a picket fence \11hich extends to the north in a substantiell y reduced form . The ho~e 8ppears to hev~ had alterations at the r~r, carried out in the 1920s. HISTORY M1cheel Morrisey) a draper was the grantee of ttlis site tn 1857. It wes then a canvas structure occupied by one T Laurie. The ne'w'$agent William Vezey purchased the Jot to the south also shown occupied on the 1856 plan by Hussey (perhaps a corruption of Vezey). Morrisey sold to Vesey three yeers later with 'sppurtances' cited as part of the property. It ~st £30. Vezeg and later Elizabeth Vezeu then owned and occupied the site until they died. Mary Pelleti.er then o·wned the site end also owned lots 15, 16 and psrt CA 3/25. She obtained the property through Elizabeth Vezey's will because of a debt to Walter Skelton, draper. Mary Pelletier advertised early in 1889 that she had taken over EVezey's business and still e stationer mortgaged the lot in 1909 fi nan y sern og to Alice Peart a 'w'ido\ir'. M8ry advertised as a fancy Goods Warehouse. She 1.vss a bookseller, stationer and ne\'l'sagent and in the 1ead· up to Christmas 1892 she stocked cards ) preyer books and bi b1es for all denominations. She also sold ca rib for 1t1eddi ngs, congratulations, condolences, al bums, inkstands, the latest music sheets, toys arid ample stocks of the popular Moody and Sankey Hymn Books. Flett refers to an 1866 view of Dunoll y which includes Vezey's Arg~ office at the corner of Bull Street and describes the building as having a high gabled roof, shi ngted and with a li brery on the side verandah. flett claimed that thfa ·was the same newsagent's shop later taken up by Pelletier 8nd Peart There fa 11 ne·w'sagent's on the site today to the south of the original building. It has a gabled roof profile( hfdden bellf nd a more recent parapet) and may include pert of the stri.itture d~cribed in 1866. Vezey owned all the lots {and shops) south of this to Bull Street, as did the owners 'w'ho follo'W'ed him. SIGNIFICANCE Witlwr.rt preci~e details of con.struction date etc., the \v'Orth of thts building derives from ib integrity. The house form is similar to the Fyfe hOU$e in Ternagulla and ! he shOpfront seems original. The shop and that adjoining to the south seems to heve been the printed \v'ord centre of the toW"n from the gold era to S!TE LIST INGS 32 l SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO the present. Shop and residence alonc}Side each other 9tves the site e special quamu. LOCAL SIGNIFICAtcE Sou~: n&tt, puoouy p.146. RGO; 01867,WD 1899, WD 1895-6 WD 1884-5, BO 1880-1, Bl) 1875, BD 1870. ~)iRrm. 1November1892,8 December 1893. Sll)PANP RESl()l!Cl RU¥Jll r SITE LISTINGS 33 SHl RE OF BET E'fT COt~ SE RV.A.T 1 0 t~ STUD'Y VCLUriE i "N<) MCBRIDE·s I ROHMONGERY LOCATION: 129 BROADWAY, DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 7/12 GRANTEE: MCBRIDE P GRANT DATE: 8 JULY 1857 DATE: 1863 OWNER: MCBRI OE DESCRIPTION A t'Wo-storeyed and tuck- pointed face brick shop and re$ldence 'With a parapeted form and stucco quointng. A 'hallo1.v' pedtment ts topped by an enthemion or honeysuckle motif at the centre 'w'hilst disti ncti11e squil~gle patterns exist on the cement quoins on the upper level and some ~ mulated axing at the lo'vler level. The sireet veramhth, double entry doors and the timber framed shop front are i otact. The stone plinth hu been painted. A photograph {dated by Flett as 1866) $hWs the building much as 1t is now 'with the exception of carved timber brackets to the sir~ verandah. HISTORY Peter and Catherine McBride came from Scotland in 1851 and purchased this and other lob in Dunolly in 1857. At the same time Peter began his ironmongery busine!S. He advertised his stock of iron as either flat bars or corrugated, steel in seetio03, sporting and blasting po'¥1der for shooters or minen or both, fi rettr~ end fire i ro03 , table end pocket cutlery, ploughs and churns, cricket bats, balls and $!ump$, \v'i ndo'til glass of all sizes, oil colours end paper, sash and panel doors, American and Baltic t1 mbers (soft'Woods) and house ti.old furniture. Dunolly ironmonger and to!}scc.onist, later architect and surveyor, Thomas Tyrer, is said to have de8igned McBride's neiw Dunoll 'J s"tore in 1863 and tenders -were called in May of that year for a t'vlo-storey.ed brick building in Dunoll y. Tyrer is also credited with designf n9 James Bell's house at 8 Bull St. McBride had another store et Tarnegulla in the late 1860s. He sold his Ounolly store to Rachel Watson for £ 1500 in August 187 4. McBride left for St. Arnaud in 1875 'w'here he took his third son Peter tnto psrtnersht p. By the late 1aaos ,- the St. Arnaud store had expanded into one of the lerqe*t in the district selling timber, ironmongery, grocery, glass, furniture and gra1 n. McBride jnr. boasted that he had an oil man ·s sU!re, a carpenter's shop is 3tock end 3tat;on 12gency and an auction mart attached. Peter jnr. was elected to the Leg1slat1ve Assembly 1n 1897 and served on the Roy&l Commissions examining rail'Ways and forests. He aho earned a reputation for hia 1nterest in yachting, restaurants .and the theatre. As Minister for Mines he legislated for the opening of the State Coal Mine at Wonthaggi 1n 1909. Ttre Cres'Wick forestry School took shape under his ministry aa did the new electric rail system of Melbourne. Before he 1au~hed 1nto polHics, Watson and Ballantine had mortgaged hh old home to the City Bank in 1889. SIGNIFICANCE SITE LI ST INGS 34 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO An eerl Iii end axter nan~ complete shop (end reside nee 7) 'w'1 th e &t reet verandah. It beQen to serve expendio~ oold ftel(b end~ the ft~t ~tep tn the ~Brides' soccessful careers 1n commerce end po11ttC*. LOCAL SIGNIFICAtCE Source: Sutherland, Yi~ria and i!J MetroR21.iL Melbourne 1888,2 vols. vol. 2, p.223. Flett, Duno1lu, p.27, p.140, p.152 wrm.1e6s. RGO, Vl 0, p.205f. tcDRIRESIMJN/"IJMilllr SITE LISTINGS 35 SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVAT l m~ STUDY: VOLUr'1E TWO HOUSE LOCAT ION: 172 BROADWAY , OUNOLLY TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 7/9 GRANTEE:ERNSTSEN,E GRANT DATE: 7 JULY 1857 DATE: Cl 865 OWNER: FOOTER , WILLIAM; HANSFORD, WALTER ARCHITECT: FOOTER, WI LIAM BUILDER: FOOTER I WILLIAM DESCRIPTION Atwo-storeyed red brick and stucco Tudor revival house on the tradittonsJ Eplan with di3'ti nctive gabled entrance porch ( 'w'ith oriels, to-we rs and Tudor arched doorway) carved barge boards, truncated fi nia13 and grouped chimney stack3. Details include c33t!llation, lancet vents and q•Jtrtrafoil ornament set in cement ~nels 'w'hile the U8t of hinged casement sashes follo'w's the Tudor style. The iron and stone double pa111s&de fence at ttit front is notable as is the mature and sympsthetlc garden. HISTORY The local hotel-keeper, Ernst Ernstsen, bouqht this lot for 11 guineas in 1857; the adjoining lots (6 and 8) "Went to Walter Borthv1tc" an auctioneer. The Flett 1856 Dunoll y plan sho'w's Ernstsen's first Criter1on Hotel on this 3ite. Yet Ernstsen sold the lot to William footer for on1 y £25 in late 1863. Footer mortg~ to mine rnanager, Walter HaMford in October 1864, losing his right of redemption after his further borro'Vi ngs in the next five years. The total sum borro'w'ed was £425 and by 1869, Footer 'w'83 dead and his 'w'ife Mary Anne passed the title to George Candy { possibly the Colli ng'w'l)Od ma.son). Candy held the lot for a few months and the Hansford obtained the title at the end of 1869. Hensford by then owned the adjoining lots. Or, Crook of the Duooll y hospital was a later resident. Footer advertised as an architect and builder and the building date 'w'Ss put at 1865 . Both footer and Hansford played roles else1t1here in Dunoll y. footer 'vies clerk of works for the Dunolly Presbyterian church and Hansford was in turn, Shire President, Borough Mayor, director of the Queen's Birthda9 Mine and· a patron of the Wesleyan church. He was supposed to have erected a model of Pi3a's leaning campanile in his garden end ~gnalled the fortunes of his mine by raising and lowering a flag on the model . SIGNlflCANCE Not a common style especially in rural Victoria, thh Tudoresque house compares 'w'ell -with &.rri ngton, Hargreaves St., Castlemaine (c. !866-1869) and even more clearly with the picturesque f arnsworth House, f arns\ SITE LiSTINGS 36 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO to the social fabric of the ~hire. STATE SIGNI flCAt«:.E Source: RGO 6'378 Flett, Duno]lu, p.136,p.201 Beocfioo D1 rectoru, 1868 SITE LISTINGS 37 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DUNOLLY PRIMARY SCHOOL 1582 LOCATION : ELGIN ST, DUr«:lll VTOWNSHIP ALLOT: RES MAJJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BUILDER: MEADOWS, ISMC DATE: 1875 OESCRI PTION Red brick gabled school 'with evidence of later r~ructinq. Bui11 orioinallv tn three rooms HISTORY Thfs school was to replace the Common School f n 1873. Extended battlH wer the site delal)ed construction. In 19 t 5 the sc00ol 'w'8S extensivel vremodell~. StGNI FI CANCE An important focua for local tffe over more thane hundred years, then ortg1nal form end eppeerence have been laroelv a11ered. It still represent& en importent part of the to'w'n's hfstory. LOCAL SIGNIFICAPCE --- -1-:-----tl- . ------~-~ ~ITC I IC'Talr<"' 38 SHIRE OF BET BET CONS ERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HOUSE LOCATION: 8 BULL ST ., DUNOLL Y TOWNSHIP GRANT DATE : 17 FEBRUARY 1859 GRANTEE: PRENDERGAST I L. DATE: C1869 MAJOR OWNER: BELL, J ARCHITECT: TYRER, T DESCRIPTION James Be11 ( 1836-1908) arrived 1n Dunolly in 1857 and tok up a business. He en1ered public life in 1861 and became mayor in 1662. He servea ~ trl81JOr for five year' ard ~ e councillor for ten. from 1882, Bell repr~oted the North-West Province in the Upper House., espousing faith in free, compulscry and secular education, protection, federation and •promotion of government mhted scheme3 for 'w'ater conservation'. The son of a storekeeper, Bell 'w'&:S born in Dumfries hi re, Scotland end entered merchaJrtile trade. He first wo r Ked in Du no 11y for Turnbull and D>. DuriJl'l hia career 'with the firm, his infant daughter, Jane, died in tragic circumsta~. lier mother smothered her in trying to protect her from the cold. Bell expanded hi' wn busi nm to St. Arnaud in 1862 end then to Burnt Creek. He 'W6' involved in flour milling and grain buying es a chief shareholder in Malcolm and Co., St. Arnaud. By. 1861 he had sold his t'w'o store! and become d'iredor of tM Belqian Reserve Quartz Hintng Compeny at Goldsborough. He hed over four thoU88nd acres of land around Ounolly. His political career took him to Melbourne 'w'here he held cabinet posts for mining, defence and 'tl'ater suppll.J . He became chairJMn of S'w'8l10'w' and Ariel biscuit8 and by the late 1880s he "Was a director of the ill-fated and infamous Melbourne Mercantile Bank. Bv tiOO he 'w'8S one of V1ctoria's chief 9rai n exporters and his firm had branches in Melbourne, Adelaide &nd Sydney. His Bull St. re,idence stands on Leonard's Cro'w'n grant and wv bought in 1859 for £48-5-0. Leonard sold to Be111n 1865 for £ 1000. Flett da~ the hause from 1869, despite the improvements listed in the 1869 sale. SIGNIFICANCE It is one of only a fw ooTd field residences 'w'ith any pretensions to architectural style. Amon9$1 o1hen is f&rndale Menor 1 ~V St., Ca3tlemoine ( 1860). Amof'l9St commercial buildings the. Bank of V1ctor1a, Moyston St., C4stlemai ne ( 1856) stands out. By bu11d1 ng next to the Market-Squere·and the' former town hell, Bell obvlousl 1J 'w'Ontti:j to i mprm h1s coll8tituena vi th his 'w'ea11h and social staooi ng . His political and bustness interests give the building state importance even though he left DunoJly to pursue his career: T~ hoU$e expres8!S the reaction of a public figure to succ~ and 'w'ealth derived largely from gold. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Flett, Dunolly, pp. 27- 26,p.98,p.140. AU3trslian DictioMry ofBi29ruhy, v3 , p.134. RGO. Sutherland, Vjctoria, p.461 ff. r t Tr-- t t,-.TJ t l,....,...._ SHiRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO <:ITr: I IC'Tll11"'t" 40 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SECOND COURT HOUSE (TOWN HALL) DUNOLLY LOCATION: TOWNSHIP OF DUMJLLY BULL ST AT THE MM~KET SQUARE l\LLOT: RESl29 MAJOR OWNER: BOROUGH Of OUNOLLY , VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE: 1862 ARCHITECT: TOUTCHER, CHARLES BUILDER: TVRER,T DESCRIPTION Red br1ck and stone court house 'w'1th clemcel de~rat1on 1ncluding done p111ars at the entrance. Wings built 1rritianu as library and reading room. HISTORY One of the manu buildi nQS to be put up around the Market Square after the-decline of atlwiol mining. The Waln hell ...n to 'mall for the pll'"pose end in 1887, rather than entoroe the building, the twn hall 'w'a& exchanged for the court house in Broad'w'eu. SIGNI f ICAN:E Probably the flnes1 public bui1dfng in the twn and one of the outstanding designs of the $hire. The hf story of the building also tells something of the later history of once-prosperous gold twns end re11ect8 the chanoe in focus of Duooll u8'w'elJ from the Market Square. STATE SIGNlflCAN:E OUMJLL r TOWNl#U {flRSTl 4i SHIRE OF BET BET CONSER VAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DUt DESCRIPTION former court ho~ nw a masorric temple vhich sho'w's origi nel gabled form \J.'ith pedimented entrance. It 1\8$ been qiven a stucco finish over the original freestone rubble end hes the opentnga blinded. Simple h1pped roof 'w1ngs wings {altered) on the north and south date from its use es a court ho!J$e.Siting on the axis to Market Square and iu elevated po$1tion ill HISTORY In 1a 57, the ft rst public buildi ngs ve re erected at North Du non y. Aroo ngst them 'w'8S a Court Hous8 for 'w'hich tenders were called in December 1856. Thi' court commenced in January 1857 and bec8me a Pettv SessioM Court in the middle of 1857. Judge John Forbes °'&'ts appointed to the Duno11y County Court at the $tert of 1858. In August, he8r1nqa began st the Bendigo Hatel. In June 1858, tenders \t'ere called for a ne'w' Court Ho._. Although bunt as a County Court, thi3 also served 03 the Mining end PeUIJ ~ions Courts until 1n 1860 . A ne'w' PettlJ Sessions Court vas built f8Cinq Market Square and then in 1884 the Court House ill Broad'walJ °"°'completed. Police IMpector f'rancis H&re announced the construction of three local court houses 1n Ma1J 185.8: MaryboroU{lh, Carisbrook and Ounolly. All vere des1 gned &1 ong ideotlca 1 11 nes and w-ere patterned on the Mel bo ur ne Su pre me Court. Each lies to have an upper level public gallery, en eight-foot 'w'ide verandah encircling the buildinc} externaJty and the usual ancillary rooms inside, for j~, berrimrs~ sheriffs al'Mi jury. The 'liork wes supposed to take four mont"'. ~rge Henry Cox sucu55fu11y tendered for £2000 but l\e'w' tenders w-ere called for 'w'ith1 n a month. An 1861 photograph shows the Dunoll y Court Ho._ built in coursed rubble free3tone, 'with C8rved ~tone O\lerdoors, a tall 93bled profile, a circular gable vent and Oanking Umber verandahs along the t'o&'o sides. Tt~ verandahs 'll'ere built-inn rooms, tcrwarcb the" rear. SIGNIFICANCE This is the olde3t go\lernment building in the area and suggesb the manner in 'w'hich the stete stamped its authority on the unrul 1J cro'w'ds of the qold ffeJds. After the fi n~t Csstlemai ne Court House ( 1852) this is amongst the oldest surviving court houses in Victoria. It has been defaced~ but fortunately not beyond reclamation. LOCAL SIGNlflCANCE S:xlrce: Advertiser, 1 Jun 1858, 20 July 1858, 21 May 1858. 1 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO S!TF I !~TIN<;C\ 43 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ST. MARY"S CATHOLIC CHURCH .. DUNUl[Y LOCATION: HARDY ST., DUNOLLV TOWNSHIP ALLOT:· /36 GRANT DA TE: 1863 GRANTEE: CATHOLIC CHURCH MA.XIR OWNER: CATHOLIC CHURCH t\RCHITECT: DOWDED, AA BUILDER: FAULKNE~. JAMES; CONOY&. STUBBS DESCRIPTION A typie&l early English Gothic RMvel parish church bum c1f cour~ frmtone rubble, tuck-pointed, 'With quarry-faced. granite qumm. A gabled porch end corner bell twer lend distinction to an other'w"i~ ~rien de!ign. The 3pire roof ( former11J in broech form) hes been rebuilt during 1980 in an unsympathetic form. The oriqjnal spire 1s suppo3ed to survive in South Dunolly. Compared to a ptxrtograph teken soon after ib completion, the pr~ent church is virtually unchanged \lith the exception of the spire. The se1ting bleNb 1r1ith the surround1ng forest end the former p1cket fence has been repleced. HISTORY In the usual 90ld era manner~ early Cetholic services ( 1856-8) vere held under e&nvas in the t nconQr uo us surrou ndf Jl98 of the Pick and Shovel Hote 1 (Bull St., and Broectwey). Crwded $9rvi~ often overflo-wed from the lorqe room hired for the occasion end f nto the b8 r. Rev. Rf f enne 11 y celebrated these Mas!U untn the canvas end t1mber tmtelry .....as literally blwn Ney 1n a 'cyclonic storm•, never to be rebuilt. Attmber church \183 erected on the pr~nt reserve by 1861. The lot \las permanentlJ,J reservtd1n 1863 under trustees, Rev Fennelly, HB Daly, P Purcell and J C6'tello.T'w'O yeen later 1 Catho11cs held· a public meeting to erect a permanent church, one 'il'hich migh1 match the Wesleyan and Presbyterian buildings in the twn. Teooen -were called for tile ne.., church in Mey 1868 and architect, R tlo'wden's design materialised $10\lly from the laboun of 3everal contracton, eventually opening under the supervision of Bishop Goold in September 1871. Locel stonemason, Jarms Faulkner, began the stone 'i!'alls but by October 1868 another contractor, Thomes Theckery, agreed 'with Faul kntr and the church committee ta carrg out the vork for£ 170 more than Faulkner·s oriqinal quote of £751 . The ~urse aOO-dressing·stone is Mt. Hooghly grsmte and the main 'M'a11lng of• gret)8tone' \las. taken from a nearblJ quarr1,1. A later document cites William Comly aoo Stubbs of Bsllarat as the main contractors by 1870 'With Charles Westman as the m890n. Morr1$ Moore completed the internal plastering, f1ashir19 and dreinage in 1871. He also inacribed the date on the to'y/er . Once opened the church 'w'88 descr1bed as 'the most ele98nt sacred ed1face in Dunoll y'. It stood on the highest ground in the to'Wn and ib handspome brMCh twer could be seen at a great distance. By 1873 ., the church and the Inglewood mission 'Which It served had been incorporated into a ne'w' Ballarat diocese. SIGNJ FlCANCE In lb originel extsrnel form, the church \\ISS potentially of hlgh comparative l SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO i mportence. I~ atona ¥Orie end broech to\ltr e.1ewted the build! ng from en otherwhe architecturellu repetitive medtum. Todev the chef9d aptn hes lent e top-heevv French Chtteeu character (• Forrtttne-Henrv cheteau, Celvedo$) to the ttoic English ~- G1ven the pcmf ble ex1stence of the. old 3p1 re end photognph evidence tt ts J>0$$1ble that the church's former dt8tinctiw charecter mtCJht be restored. LOCAL SIGMIFICAtl:E Source: Nrttonel Trust file. The cburcb 9f st Miry Dunollu, pemphlet nett, DuDO]ly, p. 1'97 tr. 45 ,s·, l ( prior lo loss of second sto ~ ey) llJSPIT1'l l Oll/llJI. Lf l l l 'l .. J 46 SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO DU MOLLY HOSPITAL LOCATION: TOWNSHIP Of DUNJLLY HAVELOCK ST ALLOT : RES IS~ BUILDER: WATTS, T ARCHITECT: ROSS, C DA TE: 1859· 1862 AND LAT£ RAl TERA TIONS DESCRIPTION St note storelJ butld1 no "iith t1r10 \it nos on etther stde of a brood ma1 n Yi no 'w'h1ch hes arched verondeh colonnade3 runni no to either Ying. Rendered end tiled roof. HISTORY The Dunoll\I Hotp;tal "w'88 once e much 9nnder buildinQ "iith two store119 end e tover, (See history) It 'W8S the result of eel rg co-operative ende8voun on the 90ldffehb:-mini09 ..-es edangerous occupation aoo acc1denta1 injurv frequent. The hospotal 'WU built f n stagos over aeverel veers and outbuUdinp hive been added f the twentieth century,. The upper storev ha been removed. SIGNIFICAtcE The hospite11da en tmportent pert of the twrsecape. AltMugh much reduced tn ai9nfflcance bu the loss of the upper storev end by additions it is still e reminder of earl vco-operetfve endeavours t n the tovn. LOCAL SIGNIFICAPCE l J 47 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HOUSE LOCATION: HAVELOCK ST ., DUNJLLY TOWNSHIP GRANTEE : CHAUNCY I p GRANT DATE : 14 JUL V 1863 DATE COMPLETED: 1863 MAJOR OWNER: CHAUNCY, P DESCRIPTION A freestone rubble hO~ \irith brick quoining, shutters and entrlJ fan and $lde ltQ.tm, \rlh1ch is set on an asymmetrical plan \fith a gabled roof form, indicating sequential construction. The verandah Im a c.arved timber frieze but the bal u:trade is incomplete. Asign attached '81J' ' Chauncey HoU3e 18.56'. Additions are being carried out at the rear. HISTORY Chaurcy 'w'es appointed Acting Surveyor to the Victorian CA lonial Government i n t 855 aft!r t'Wo years wrort: as e civil !trvent. He took charge of the Duoolly district in 1860 and first r~ided et Ernstsen's Criterion Hotel. He mowd to a timber house.and then to this building A sulwl8ntial $/Qne /lt)JJ# ullfurnf#it!d .,...hich ll8d /Jttn /Jui/I f/Jr 4n inn anti 1r~ in a municipal #rm t'fv 'ri~ IY!tll her ch4r«#ristic8Mrpv •nm q'" lrithtJ11t'tf'8ftilll/ f/Jr it lo /Jtl fim's/INl tit r#fn().,., lntli II/ but 'tf'hil' w k'6r191ttifl(I in !ht! furnit1Jr1 It•~Jum{lttl IJV. 1 'ptttifbfNtfl(I·· 141,.~r. TM f4t:t gfmv llwinp MIJt}lll IM btlll# P4W !Ml» tit/4 /Q tM ,rou/111qn w.mch it .silxKI. Chauncy contested the 18'w'yer's claim, re-eurveyed the street so as to exclude the house from the roed reserve and purchased ib title in July 166'.3'. The house stood in a position 1!Jttutiful anti (¥111t1111Jnl/ing ... I su~ntlv 4r4C/4d four tmn r()()IM of brici: and slontJ/ $Ubl#/ 1Ju//JtJll#.$, ~ni:I: tanK 411(/ n18d6 an DrMmenta, parden anti •r·inerv ... the rettJlllCfign ofIM !Mppv time ll'i> $fl8Rf in tltis pl~ lfl()W$ !MM I 'r'rii4~ He $14yed until 1867 -whefl Ms family moved to Melbourne and Chauncy 'W'ent on to act as Chief Surveyor of the Castlemaine district. In carrying out this early survey 'Work, Chsuocy left ph1piC8l traces still visible today. He died in Ba11arat in 1880. SIGNIFICAOCE The freestone rubble co°'truction qlves th1.s house special quslities W"hen compared to si milerl y fi nbhed hou:es (see the freestone rubble pwder magezi ne ~per 's residence, Fer~rth St. .. Csstlemai ne, 186 7) . Its association -with Chauncy \\las bnef but sllo-ws documentation of the unusual nature of its ecqui.s1tion. This exemplifies some of the common difficult1e.s of gold town design tn the mid3t of rushes. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Flett, Dunoll y, pp.136-140. CIT!:" I IC'THll'"'C' J SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO RQJ . I Clvic esteblishment, 1856. 11 1, I 1 I I 1 49 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ST JOHN"S ANGLICAN PARSONAGE LOCATlOH: 13 MARKET ST., DUHOLLV TOWNSHIP ALLOT: RES/24 GRANT DATE: 29 JANUARY t 866 GRANTEE: ANGLICAN CHURCH( 63.1304) DATE: 1865 OWNER: ANGLICAN CHURCH ARCHITECT: VAHLAND & GETZSCHHAHN BUILDER: GI OLEY, T OESCRI PTION fa brick {"°"' painted) Tudoresque former parsonage 'with a high intersecting qabled roof vi~ble on all elevatio~ and a timber post side verand8h 'Which 'w'8S once more extensive. It possesse3 stepped label moullb at openings, a blind oculus and a ft nial at each gable. The house is recognf $8bl y of ecclesiastical origin end thus relates strongly to the adjoining Anglican church despite its current private w~rship and the high metal fence bet"1een the t'w'o buildings. Other elements conctaled by the fence include the s1de verandah and porch. There is as 'Well a tiny gabled chapel attached ocr= tt.e rear of the ho~. Similarly th& interplay of gabled roof forms bet'Ween this and the t'Wi n gabled rear elevation is also obseured. The brickwrk has been psinted and parts of tbe formerly pichlre,que timber verandah is enclosed. HISTORY The ftrst Anglican servi~ 'w'ere held bq the Rev McJemmett and then regutar1sed by tt.e opening of the fir$1 permonont Anglican church in 1856. Permanerrt reservation of the existing temporary reserve ne&r Market SqU$re in 1863 oceurred 'With the appoirrtment to Dunolly of a former missionar~, Rev George Despard. A fund-raising committee ~ formed early in 1864. A grand fancy b82•r vas held in September to raise fund$ for th psrsonaqe. Bendigo architects Vehland and Getz~hmann, submltted a design in July and estirmrted the cosi et a maximum o1 £500. Eddington builder, Thomas Gidley, tendered 'With a quote aboVe the estimated £95. This 'w'as accepted 1n expectation of savings be1 ng msde on ttie ho~ fittings (an additional £ 135-10-0), Alfred Martin acted as Clerk of Worb. In February 1665 tender.s "Were caned for a split pa1ing fence to surround the buiJcfing·and the 'Work 'w'SS·ccmpleted in June 1865. The Rev Despard moved in and stayed there for three yeers. The vi~r• passed into pri vaie O'w' ners hi p i n 1922. SIGHIFICA~E JIJd9ed egai~tothe Tudor or Qrthic houses of similar size (South Lodge,WereSt., Bri9trton, 1860,i ~neath, P1.1kinqton St., Kw; St. Ptter's V1carage 1 Ross St., Mornington; Coryule Homestead, Drysdale; 596 Queensberry St., North Melbourne; 116 Tanner St., Break'w'ater,1870) this appears close.st in appearance to the Nortll Melbourne tl'Uildi no but vi th a three-di mernJlonal articulation. Thb buildi nq may be the bes1 three-di mensf onel expression of the Tudor /Gothic revival in a single-storey suburban 3C81 e d'lllel li og in the state {des pf te the fence and the painted IJricks). It is also en he need by it3 proximity (on a near island site) to the tvo churche$. It tm a greet looil importtJnce because it expresses the immediate poot gold- rush prosperity of the dlstrict and is the most SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO S61 ubr1ous ectlesti~l resid&nce in the shire. STATE StGHlffCA~E Source: nett, Duoony, p.192 ff. Netionel Trust file 10.47. Mvertiar. 24June 1864. ~Pm!. 9 Februar" 1865. J t - 1 :) - SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DU NOLLY POST OfflCE ( tST) LOCATION: MARKET ST., OUNOLLV TOWNSHIP ALLOT: RES/22C GRANTEE: PUBLIC BUILDING RES. DATE: 1872 MA.XlR OWNER: VICTORIAN GnVERNMENT ARCHITECT: WARDELL, WI LllltM (CHI Ef PUBLIC WORKS DEPT. Al\tHITECT) DESCRIPTION Surprisi09ly intact former f:10$f office using a standard government design 'Which incl uae, a cruciform plan and a pro1rudi ng gabled and verandahed ¥i ng at 'w'hich postal bU$iM~s \tr'SS ora enacted through the \tr'indo\t'. The fence has been replaced in part but e simple arrwhesd picket section remains on the south of the verandah. Details include panelled cast iron, timber verandah post c-apitals and the brtckvork i~ Flemish bond. T~ main roof is sl~ted but the verandah roof ha& been altered. HISTORY Preceded by a. number of official and unofficial sites, the first major post and telegrap-h office structure \r'M fscinq the Market Sqtsare fnm 1872. The controctor \r'83 C Walker of Maryborough, the post rl\8&1er HF O'Connell and the opening date 15 January. Blocks of qramte from Mt Hooghly arrived on site in April 187 L An ~rlier .....mherboarded telegraph station had '1ood on the site sil'IC8 Ounolly 'w'as linked blJ telegraph to eutlemaine in 1859. Opening hours af the 1·a60s ¥ere from 9 a.m. untn 5.30 p.m. every day except Sunday 'w'hel'I only the recieving box ¥8$ left open. When the rail'w'ay reached the ~rn edge of the twn in 1874, the post afffce alo119 'with other civic structure$ around Market Square stood apart from the twn's centre of activity. The removal of the post office function from the building only 19 ~r3 after it opened ironically has left it 'With an unwually high exterrie1 int!4rity. The building ha! ~ped the ravages gt ne'1t' marketing concepts, S8Vi ~ bimk expansion and the c hange:s due to telephones. SIGHlflCAOCE Among the ident1fled Victorian post· offices of this period, fe-w haw the same integrity. The Maldon post office ( 1870) has similar design end materials but has lost its verandah. The Port .Albert post office ts an ~rly example of the type (built 1864) but ~~ been altered in finish and detail. With the high architectural integrity goes the s~~ul expre$Sion of early post office functions, STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Flett, .Qyng]ly, pp.75-76. ExP.ress, la ApriJ 1871 . Jacob Levis and Vines, Maldon Conservation Study, p.39. SHIRE Of BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY VOLUME TWO fll?STPillllt.I. f fOST Qff/CI 53 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO OLD CEMETERY DU ROLL Y LOCATION : PAINKILLER GULLY, TOWN Of DUNOLLY DATE : 1854(?) DESCRIPTION Cemetery set in bU3hland, 'With 'Wire fence eod scattered graves. Severel headstones still beer legible 1rrscri ptions. Some af the graves still have iron surrounds end there is one grave 'w'ith an iron surround and a 'Wooden headstone. HISTORY Cemeteries 'w'ere created under cemeter'J trusts througoout Victoria duriong the 185~ . Many were porl y plenntd and 1Tl8i ntai ned, especially 'Where there were no .. resident clergymen end a mobile population. This early and pr1 mitive burial ground 'w'es closed later 1n the century end most burteb t n Duooll y from the 1870s onwards took place t n the ne'w' cemetery. SIGNIFICANCE An t mportant item 1n the history of the town. The fe'w' remaf ni ng headstones testify to the character of goldfield life. The -wooden headstone is a rare survivor. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE IJL{I CEl1ETERr bUNIJlL V 54 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO WITTACICER"S CORDIAL FACTORY 11AMGER"S RDIDEIC£ LOCATION: DUNlLL Y TOWNSHIP RAYE NS LANE 31 /B Mi\JJR OWNER: WHITTACKER FAMILY DESCRIPTION An unusuel face-red br1ck co1tage (Enoltsh bond) 'tilth dtsttnctfve q-tooth petterAed brick str1no moulds end 9'bled parepet 'iith truncated pfers et either end of the gable. It eb~ e more s1 mpte Qebled and verarmhed brtck cottaoe Yith a third cottage perpendicular in exts to these structures. Thb ts altered but appears to be of some eoe. HISTORY The Whittacker brothsrs, Robert, Joseph end William be91n a soft drink btmness et North Duno111J tn t 863. Robert ...as a major builder in the twn and had a hand 1n the Bendt~, W1 nd$0r Castle and the Red Lton Hotel$. The bus1 nm Y'88 expended to Ternaoulla and bealme a source of pride amongst twnsfolk. It seemed proof of the comtno prosperity of Duno.nu. The cordial factory hes been demolished aoo only ...ells remain. SIGNI flCAtcE Sf nee the cordial factor~ no longer exists, this buUdino ts the onl9 lint Yith a teu 1'9C tndustry. It ta atao a remtnder of the actvom of en important local femtl ~- The eoe of the rear bufldf !'IQ end the dittt nct1Ye ttule of the met n house of Ye an added siijn1ftcence. LOCAL SIGNI FICAM:E ; J - .•,., ~ I TS: I ICTl ~lr.C 55 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TERMINUS HOTEL. DUNOLLY LOCATION; TOWNSHIP or DUNOtl y,CORNER OF THOMPSON AND M:t::ENZIE STS ALLOT: 14/34A Di\TE: t 875(?) f1A.JJR OWNER: VINJ, DAVID DESCRIPTION: Double fronted hotel 'w'ith broad verandah reachi119 across footpath. Rectflineor form. Has a parapet rising in a triangular arch. Wide central doorwlJSflanked by tw . · : · - · .•··· 'w1ndo\n. In one, \irltinQ possibly original, advertises liquor. S1de 'w'8l1 repleced and add1tio~ et rear. HISTORY Built to capture the trede from the lle'w' reil'tfay. The hotel 'Was run for ita 'Whole life by David Ying end h1$ de$cend8nts. Vino h8d come to DunolllJ to live 'w1th relatives. he 'w'Orked in e relative's grocery umil ;t burned do'w'n and then turned to hotel-keepi nq. He 'W&i e 'w'881thy men 'w'ith succeafu1 i rwestments in mi rri no and export; succesful enouoh to visit China end return ta AU3'tra11a. Ytr.;i'$ 'Wife ran the hotel ofter he died and then the daughter became the licen*. She abendoned e promisi r.;i career as en artist to keep up the hotel busi ness. the 9hotel la'8S a fevour1te heunt 1n Ounolly but 'w'&s closed In 1956. SIGNlflCAPCE Mainly important for 1ts ties with Devid Yi no, e $~sfu1 end r8'pecied Chinese member of the Dunolly community. Source: InformaUon from Mrs Brwnbtll URt/IN(§llJTlL CITC I ICTll.ti"C 5 6 SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO WIGHAH'S JUHCTION HOTEL LOCATION: TOWNSHIP Of DUNOLLV NATMAP: 45. t /15.7 OH WEST SIDE Of THE DUNOLLV-MARVBOROUGH RD. / O.SK. SOUTH BRIDGE ON BURNT CK. PRINCIPAL OWNER: WIGHAM fAMlt V DATE: 1862 DESCRIPTION T'w'o-storeq brick build1 ng \\lith a simple tit pped roof and e central double door entry indicating the position of the tntr room. Si nqle door entries on either side are i nterpsersed \.Nlth multi- paned, double-hung '1li ndo'1.ls. Lintels appear to be of stone, re~sed withfn the stucco and part of the stucco (ruled as stone) h8' been removed at the lo'vler level expos1 ng English bond brickwork( 220m X 70 X 105mm.). Some of tlris work is in poor condition through rtsf ng damp. THe elevation is symmetrical with chimneys (now extended) et either end ~nd et the rear there is a steeply hipped single storey 'Wing which is probab1 lJ of similar or earlier age. On the south side it seems that a low sld11ion wino tm been removed. A distinctive part of the elevation is the etched qJa'' dmgn in the toplight' to the southern tvo ooorvays conta'i ning roundel motifs and stg113ed thfatles. So.me upper wind0\1/s have been sheeted over; the chimneys have been extended, the northern chimney blJ hevi ng a corbelled cornice added. Stucco and $tuecoed sign panel have been painted O'Ver at a later date. Immature Silky Dak tret3 at the front are sympethetic to the period. HISTORY Built bet\lleen t 862 and 186 7 to serve the Gooseberry Hill rush. The t1CJtel is sited in al mo3t the centre o1 the rush end -would have afforded a 1ucrattve trade. The hotel survived as a centre for several years until it was extensive I y damaged in a severe storm in 1910. By then miners had lono si nee drifted away and the numerous hotels in Dunoll y had dr!l\\ln in local drinkers. The .Junction Md to rely on passing trade rather than local townsfolk or miners. As a result, the hotel W'as one amongst many which failed to convince licensing authorities of its necess1ty. The Junction was clo3ed by licensing Reduction Board in December 1912. It 'tfas later associated 'With the Poli nelli family SIGNI f !CANCE An important building in its siting on the main road. Its design departs from both that of the si mp1e lo\t/ •grog shops' of the first rushes and from the elaborate and decorated palaces of later years. The broad cent rel entrance way and the equally space single doorwe~ on e;ther ,;de add to thl' un~ual eppearence. One of ttie fe\11 permanent structures 'Vhich survive from the Gooseberry Rushes. It has an aded significance in the role it played as a centre for the mining population south of DunoHy. Its appearance testifies to the role of the hotel in local social life. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE source: Licens1 ng Reduction Bo8rd records held 8t the Liquor Commission. SITE LISTINGS 57 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO txpra, 1868. SITE LISTINGS 58 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HOUSE LOCATION: DUNOLL V TOWNSHIP ELGIN ST DESCRIPTION A double-fronted face-red brick house vith return verandeh 'w'hich 1s dtsti ngutshed b\l 1b unusual fretted ff mber or namentatton to the verandah posts 1n the form of brackets end erched valencea. The house carcess itself appears to be pcmtbl\I of the late 19th centurv and some of the.timber 'w'Ork mev dete from this period. Verandah posb ere E'.d'werdten . They stand on the side elewtf on end priYide the dominant period expression. other elemenb Include a flnelu p1cketted oarden and a pergola oatewv. Pert of the verandah has been bricked 1n vith matching brick and mi nor alterations to the ope ni nos mede 1n the rear vi nos. SIGN! f ICAtCE Dating from a leter period then most of the other substantial pnvete Mllinp tn the to\fn, this bufldtng represents en unusual stule for Dunot111 end the quamu of the decorative wrk makes 1t s19niftcent in a stylfsttc sense. · LOCAL SIGNIFICAfCE CITC I ICTlll~C 59 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DU*>llY RAILWAY STATIOI LOCATlON: DUt«lLLV TOWNSHIP 35 A1 FACIM; HARDVST ALLOT: ON RAILWAY RESERVE/35A M.YlR OWNER: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS BUILDER: WEEKES* ST DATE: 1874 DES;RlPTION A red, tuck-pof rrted brlcj station building. It ho$ attached ¥rot19ht iron and~ 1ron verandah asaociated 09bled brtck and atone 900dt thed ( no'w' altered) and adjoining double-fronted veetherboarded hipped roofed residence vttb mt Iron verandah frieze. The ttatton follO'in e typictl Italianate style and the verandah is el•n11V hipped. The book1no windo¥ and booking hall seats ell appear to be original end heW Interesting dettils. An underground dome-topped ¥ell end a mature cork tree are essocteted vtth the complex. HISTORY Corrtrecb for the 8tatton Y'ere let in March 1874, the tame ~r f n 'tihlch the ltM from Marvborougb to Dunolv ¥et eterted. A& Y1th the Betl1be mtton, Dunonu leu 110119 the course of the ne¥ 'ltvht 1i ne' experimen1. Contrectt had al reedy been let fore link betveen c.tlemeine end DunolhJ. Duno11y ..-aa to be the connecting point betwen at leut t'tt'O loctl ltnes "1th roore 9randi• proposals constentlv being put foNtrd. The rttlwv age tn Dunonv lasted until et least the Secomd World War. Nov pme19r service! bypass Dunotly end even the oratn terminal Yill no lonoer ptau the role 'tthtch it has tn the pat. HISTORY The ratlwy station end associated buildings form an important group of $tructures in the twn. The ranwy In feet altered the ¥hole lalJ()ut of DunolllJ. The $tetton b a fine and \'ell-preserved example of mid-nineteenth centurv public architecture and eppean roore distinguished bec8use of the mociated $tructures, the statton uard end pl anti nos. An 1mPOrtant complex for the tcnin end belJ()nd. STATE SIGNI FICAN:E 60 SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO DUNOLLY CEHETERY "NEW CEt1ETERY' LOCATION: TOWNSHIP OF DUNlLL V ON THE CEMETERY RESERVE TO THE NORTH-WEST Of THE TOWN ABOVE THE DUMJLLY TO t'l)UAGUL ROAD. 1)£SCRIPTION Small cemeterv vtth manv ped1mented end obe11sk oraYe markert. Plantinoa of pine e!'Kt other exoti~. Chi nne aection t n one corner 11nd Chi neae buri el urn. SIGNI f ICAICE Varied collection of memorial architecture, though none of it b~rand. wen mafnteinod rural cemetery 'w'ith $19niflcant section of Chinese orcwn and bunal urn. LOCAL SIGNlf ICAICE C:ITC I l~T l t.lr.C 6 l BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DALY"S WINERY LOCATION: DUNOLL Y TOWNSHIP 9-1 O/F NATMAP: 19/42.2 ON THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP AND OPPOSITE THE 'NEW' DUNOLLV CEMETERY. THE SITE LIES 0.4 KS. NORTH-WEST OF THE DUNOLLV RD . AND 1K. NORTH-EAST OF THE DUNOLLY-INGLEWOOD RAILWAY. DESCRIPTION f rees1one rubble \vi nery. The winertJ is 1w-wa11ed and rectangular 'w'ith high gable. Red brtcb are used to trim openi nqs \o/hlch include verticsl T&G boarded loading doors and a loading platform at the gable end. On the north face is a small brick 'w'indo-w opening . An adjoinirrg house is partly deroolished and con~fab of°' psi r of gabled brick ba~, ettachtd at one corner. They are built using colonial bonded briclc'w'ork t n the dist1 nct1ve br1gtrt red brick of the area. Oqee gutterf n9 'umves on perts of both house end barn and the attached gabled 'Wing et the rear is built from cavity hand made brick'w'ork. It is llO'w' badly eroded at the base. Openings are built vith ~egnment -arched vt1u~rs, spanning a timber lintel 'with bric~ filing between. Mature pines and cypress species surround the house and provide an avenue to the vest. The resr gabled vi~ attached to the house appear' to have been a kitchet'l \fith a beker's oven and ITl8in fireplece in the north w-all. HISTORY The 'w'i ner y is one of only a few str uctur"' rell"l8i mng from Duno 1 y 's adventure into vi tic ult ure . It 'w'8S onee the flourishing busi oess of HO' B Dal y. Da1 y was born in 1820 in Moneghan, Ireland and emigrated in the 1850s. He started a $tore in Duno11y in 1856. Encouraged by fr8tf0b Mellon, he planted a vinelJSrd. This ran from the present "'f oery do\fn to the Dunon y Rd. for several decades he produced and sold his • Delysvme• 'dines. One of a small bend of \111ne enthusi8'8t3 in the shire, he gave garden fe1es e&eh year and for a ti me 'Was President of the Dunoll y Vines and Fruit Gro'w'ers Association. He exhibited Ms 'wines in the great He1oourne exhibitions of 1880~ 1and 1888-9. Daly ...-ent on toa csreer in local pplitics and 'w'SS prominent in church end civic affairs for CMny ~rs. His \fines 1r1ere drunk locatl y but failed to capture the interest of j udges in Me1 bo rJ r ne exhibitinns. SIGNIFICANCE Dal y'3 'w'i nerq occuptes a pro mi nen1 site near 1o the twn of Dunoll y. The f)8rihdl y-demolfahed houn nearby and the plenti ngs add to the i nteresi of the site. The "Winery ibelf ts e unique building in the shire. It is an industrial bu\lding dug into the slope of the h111 and bui11 in an attrsttlve comb1 n&tf on of rubble and red brick. It evokes some of the ambitions o1183t ~ntury·, 'w'ine-frO'w'ers and dre8rm of one local burgess J Henry O'Brien Daly, yho$e femil y "w"ent on to take charge of the Bendigo Hotel (qv). LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: SITF LISTINGS 62 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO Riuel commjyion on yeoetpblt oroductt, 1892. hlndb9ok no, 3. Officio) COCO rd of th& Melbourne i oternatione) exbj b1tf OD. 1880-1. OfficjeJ record. Mel bouCll C!DtJDni9) exbj bition. t 889. SITF I !STIN(';<; 63 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ST. MICH AEL "S AND All ANGELS ANGLICAN CHURCH LOCATION: HIGH ST., MOLIAGUL TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 1A/f (?) GRANT DATE: t 864 GRANTEE: STOCKTON, THOMAS DATE: 1865 MtUIR OWNER: At«JLICAH CHURCH ARCHITECT: HALL, REV WILLIAM BUILDER: ROBINSON, SAMUEL DESCRIPTION Built of frentone rubble .,.,;th granite C3J)S end buttrming in e simple Early English Gothic revival mode 'With hu~t 'Ytndo'w's (diamond pattern leading) and an implied porch \11th herringbone panelled door. The bell hangs in an adjacent timber frame end simpte errw he8d pickets heYe been UMd for the front fence. HISTORY .U reHQ1ous cor.)reqations 'w'ere formed after the gold rushes, churche$ began to do1 the land through Bet Bet in the 1860$. Tende" 'w'ere called for this church in December 1864 and the first stone 'w'8S laid by its co-designer the Rev William Hall. Sam Robinson used Mt Mol1agu1 gran1te and local freestone to build the church. James Wynne of 'nglwood prepared detailed plans from Hall's concept. In Jsnusry 1865, tenders vere caned for boarding and plastering the interior. The church openid on 14 March 1865, with ~rmol"I$ from the Arc~on of Castlemeioe, Rev G Vanct o1 Kyneton and the Moli39ul pastor, Rev Hall. The Wes1evans kindly 1.11lwed the congreqat1on to take tea in their hell and a more spirited celebration took p1ect! in Robert Leek's 'large store room'. In 1899 the church reopened after damaqed stone'tlork along the eastern 'w'811 W'3S replaced by timber. Local dairy man, Thomes Stockton, had been granted the lend in 1865. The Presbyterians h8d obtained e reserve to the south along High Street As 'With other local to\/ns, the We$leyans -were fi r~t to build a church and in Hsy 1864, they opened a l nett and commodiOU$ ~herboard church' sited on e hill 'with a pleasant vie¥. Rev William Hall who destgned the church, ackno'w'ledged that his influences came from the nineteenth century ecclesiastical movement in 'Which spiritual &nd architectural inspiration 'w'ere synonymous. As he 'w'rote ¥hile still in England I llet-'e IJIJQlhl 4ht/ flNrlg rm tltroQ911 BlflX Hall had a hand in establfahi ng and designing 3evera1 churches begi nm ng with that at St. Arnaud in 1864 and ending 'With Ure church st Ki ngover in f 871 . SIGNIFICANCE C\ ! Tt:" I !STIN(.;C\ SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO The church hM little erchUectunt $0phiiticetlon (on en erchit.ctunl t~pol0f1)cel tmf s). No doubt Hall 'tr'Ould e pp rove of thet judgement si nee t$ en Eva 1"19tlical he deliberately chose to •hew $>phist1cetien end graooeur. The church exp~ cleerly end direcU'ij the theologicel (end as 'w'tll the design) principles of a lw church clero~man . Parishioners et Molieoul, dre'tin from emong Corn1sh mf nen, shared thl# belief in the most $1mple end tustere expressioM of religious feith. In addition to ib bushland •ttint and the charm of 1b ro~h rubble 'w'tlls, the church is sigrriflcent as a direct and accurete exprmion of the simple and unoMentetious be1ieh of the clerglJmen end cong,.11on. lOCAL SIGNlftCAtcE Sourtt: nett.DunollyJ pp. t 94 ff. Courier, 13 Me~ 1865. SITF I IST!Nf,S 65 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO t1CCDY'S GENERAL STORE LOCATION: CHAPEL ST: MJUAGUL TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 4/E GRANTEE: EASSI E, C GRANT DATE : 1862 DATE: 1865 MA..XlR OWNER : EASSI E, CHARLES DESCRIPTION Cherles Eassie, 'w'ho also had land at ~r'i!boroogh end Ingle\t'ood obta1 ned the freehold to this property in f 662. The store "'~ sup~dly on the site seven ye3n earlier and 'w'SS sho'wn on Fraser's t 856 map. Chapel St., 'Was lined 'w'ith stores and hotels. AmorlQ't t~ storekt.epen remai'n1 ng in the late 1860S 'w'ere Henry Beneim, Alex BeJl and Robert Leck. Alocel poet described the storekeepera and their ho mes during 1665, 11st1 ng 11 ve in all . Taki ng them in order , Ro~ rt Leck 'w'8S 1 smart and quick'; H,,. Hel 1's 1w 'w'OOden *-re could only be r~hed by crom ng t bridge; Alex Bell's po:st office and store 'w'8S next and after that 'Harry's~. A blacksmith, beker, t'w'O butchers, a shoemaker / ne"Wsvendor, schoolmaster and t'w'o chapels and a church made up the rest of civic and commercial Holiqul. Leck, the most ecttve o1 the five, also applied for a publ1can's 11cenH. he Ji$1ed his premises as of 'w'OOd and iron 'w'ith wo sitting rool'n9 and tw bedrooms for visitors. His large store room 'W8S used to celebrate the openf ng of the Anglican church. A 'w'eatherboard and slab hotel, store and residential complex 'w'8S sold at HoHagul in 1856 then occupied b~ S Biggs and sold bV direction of Crabbe a so11citor of DunolllJ. By 1890, Benaim, Jemn Sh81J end Thom8S Stockton kept general stores and JE Matthe"JS of Inkermen offered this complex for sale in 1912. Appsrentl y uMuccessfut, Matthe'w'! continued in btm~ untn 1913. James Shay appears to have run the bus'fness before 1898 ..,..hen Metthe'w's took over. John HcCo~ gave his neme to the store after a tenure lasting si ~ce the 1920s. SIGNIFICANCE The store dete:s from after the first gold rushe3 into the are8 end '° cannot be identified \v'lth this major period in local histor1i1 . Neverthele8' 11 is significanct 1n its age, especially for a commercial and We8therbo8rded bulld1 ng. It el~ is significant for its survlvl ng i nternel fitti ~end ib $Urvive1 at the centre of the collection of bu11d1 ngs \Jhic~ make up modern Ho11agu1. STATE SlGNIFICAtCE SOURCE :. CPOGF 17. RG{) D 1867. Bendi92 directory, I 868. Exprm. 2 Januery 1865, 23 July 1912. Directorie3, 1903, 1905, 1910, 1913, 1916, 1923, 1925, 19301 t940 SITE LIST INGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 67 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERV AT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO MOUNT MOLIAGUL HOTEL LOCATION: CHAPEL ST., t1JLIAGUL TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 12-13/C( ?) GAANTEE: f11RRIS, e.AHUEL GRANT DATE: 1862 DATE: 1659-1862 MAJOR OWNER: MORRIS, SAMUEL DESCRIPTION A multi-fronted face brick and pHastraded building 'with typical double bar doors under a 3tr~t verandah Yhich ~ses a - ~-tooth end boords and ogee spiked spouting. The parapet is simple 1a1ith pediments marking the roof gables behind. The bricks have been painted, side well fa noy ssbestos clad and the -w1ndo'w details altered. HISTORY Hamed from the nearb1i1 schis1 outcrop, this hotel reputedly existed before the crwn grant vas b,-ued to Samuel Morris in 1862. In J8nuary 1853, the first gold finds occurred at Mcintyre's Run. Acommissioner's camp fo11wed one month later. With each successive rush, temporary to'w'n centres 'w'ere set up and to eccomodate the leqal s-sle of liquor, li~rsses vere issued for 1he aree in 1854. T'Wo hotels received licenses 81 MolieguJ - JS Eitward8' Mt Moliagul and John Eddington's National. An 1855 report of the Mt Moliegul diggings noted a street of shops and ealoons a mile long on the Moliegul Road: over 16000 diggers W"ere 'w'Ork1ng on mir.es and as 'it'ell •a large street has been formed and public houses end ~to res re pi d1 y erected'. Hugh Fraser's 1856 plan of the Ht Moliaf;1U1 goldfieJd and the Dunolly to Be8Jiba Rd shws the Mt MoliacJul Ho1el then occupied blJ H Edvards. To the ~uth vas Cono11 y's National Hotel. Both ~re located at the cr°'si ng of the Ki ngo'w'er and Avoco Roads. Ademented ferM1e -was supposed to heve burned dwn this buildi09 and the hotel vas rebuilt in its present form. ~muel Morris held the license tn 1861 and freehold in 1"862. Bv 1864~ Thom8S Lle'WeJlan held the . license and stayed f n the pub until the 1870s. Chapel Strett was by the the commercial centre of r1>1iagul. John Douglass had the hotel f n tile 1880s and William and Mar93ret Stott W"ere later liC!l1$ees for a lor.;t period. In early 1894, vhen Ah Sing, Moliagul's oldest Chinaman, died of $\arvation , an inque!t 'W8S held et the hote1. Margeret Stott remained there into this century. During the First World War, Florrie Martin and Septimu:s Wilson held 1he license. The hotel h8d been c103ed before the yar ended. The hotel closed 89a1n in 1962 after a brief reopening in the depre33ion (presumablv to satisfiJ the thlrsb of sus1enance f03Sickers). Ed'w'ard Montgomery held the license. A photogreph c 1880 sho\13 the hotel aa it is OO'w' but then \f'ith unpainted brielrwork and no verandah. SIG NI f ICANCE The hotel has; mportenee beca~ of its eerl y construction and the earlier sf ti 09 of a hotel on this block, datfog from the first gold rushes. It has been altered but the f~ 31i11 survive3 'with minor chanqes, The building is one of 1he rev left in the old commerc;aJ centre of Moliogul and is signifkant both because of its connection 'With almost the entire history of the gold rush twn and more importanty by the SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO LOCAL SIGNIFlCAlCE Source: nett,punolly, p.33. nett' Old pub§' p.56 ,p.63 RGO. CPOGF 17. Expraa. l 3 f ebruerv 1894. Carl~, Son of1he Mount. Directonn. 1940~ 1930,t92S~ 1923, 1916, 1914, 1905. SITE LISTINGS 69 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO t10LIAGUL COHHOlt SCHOOL(SS 746) LOCATION : HIGH ST., 1'1lllAGUL ALLOT: 3-412 GRANTEE : COMMON SCHOOL RES. GRANT DATE: 1871( ?) DATE: 1872 MAJOR OWNER VICTORIAN GO'f ERNMENT BUILDER : FAUL~NER, JAMES DESCRIPTION Built fo English bond red brick\t'Ork in a simple gabled style 'With end parapets and bellcote at the north end. The design resembles a scaled dwn version of the ~rl y bric~ churche$ of th! are.a. Some mature exot1c landscape and an octagonal timber trellised and e boarded shelter shed are in the grounds. HISTORY Royal flying Doctor Serv1ce founder, Rev. John Flynn 'w'8S three 1Je4rs old ¥hen his father, Thomas, vas transferred from his eleven year po$ting 83 the school's ftrsi teacher in 1883. ~mpleted blJ James Faulkner for a little over £324 in June 1872, this school repl~ the Primitive He1hod1$t ch8pe1 as an educational building. It 'W88 built et the same time es sichools at Ne-wbridge and Tarnsgulla. In 1659 a 8Chool stood just north of the Mt Holiagul Hotel. Another opened in cenves goldfields form during December 1861; classes moved to the former Pr;mrnve Wesley1m Chepel in 1863 as ~mmon School 165. A ne'w' site "'8S QSZetted 1n Februery t 871 vhen the present school began. Five years later the grounds 'w'ere fenctd and planted vith both exotic end nartive shrubs; some still survive. The Holiagul School onl9 vaguely r8'embles Vehland &. Get2schmann'$ Ka1'198roo Flat 3pecia1 school ( 1870) 'w'hich has a similar form but more ornamentation. A plainer example, the E¥ermord Common School (801) ~ 'w'M built in 1867 of bluestone and altered. It has the same gable parapet and single room plan. The nearby Newbridge school is similarly gabled and parapeted and origi nail y J>O'~ed o ,;mnar rectangular plan; but this hes gone to meke "Way for ti porteble timber school room. Unlike many. government schools, Molisgul is externally i ntsct (no 'w'i n SIGNIFICANCE fN of the 5imple rural common schools remain uneltered or 'Without additio0$. Compared to the huqe building programme after 1872, tho4>.,e 'w'hich have survived intact from the previous period have become comparativel 'ii rare. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: National Trust file 4940. SITE LISTlNGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO .!, RCerlm, ~!be mount. tfJU,:IGVt. SfMl!t. J l SITE LISTINGS 71 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO NEWBRI DGE COMt1ttON SCHOOL~ SS 457 LOCATION: RAGLAN ST., NEWBRIDGE TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 3/12 GRANTEE: STATE SCHOOL GRANT DATE: 1873( ?) DATE: 1867 OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BUILDER: BUCKLEY. BRIDGE AND CO.(?) DESCRIPTION Ne'w'bridge sch>ol is elevated on a cruciform plan, 8' if a church, and the st1;1le adopted is also of a simple gabled Gothic revival, built in three rolour brick'w'ork. Open1 ngs have been bricked up and added, ad-00<: pl um bing and end additions are a11 irrtrtmve. The fence mey have been replaced. HISTORY AnthonCJ Lester opened the first Ne\lbridge school in Januery 186 t 1 at the beginning of a QrO'w1h period for the tO"in. This left many other substantial brick buildings bmde8 the school. Amon¢ these ...as the St. John the Evrmge1i$1's Sunday School ( 1665 eu1 of the river) ¥hich 'flhen rompleted ¥as offered Ui the pubHc for U$8 as a common schlol. This offer 'tt'8S accepttd in November 1865 W'ith the tcrwnsfol k expectt ng that their ~ brick school 'w'OUld be started in four montM. Tenders had already been called in June by Buckley, Bridge and Co. of Ne'.' brl 898. The opening (of the north ¥L1i ng) took pl ace i n March 186 7. Standard alterations \T'ere proposed for the school in 1915. Tti=e included enlarged w1 ndcrws, removal of the atepped gallery end ib replecemerrt t n the t'rlO main rooms by a teacher's platform. Not all of these changes 'Were carried out. Dr8\rli ngs for this contract sho'w the present brick school room connected by a porch to a lwer 99bled brick roo.m (chmroom 2 ) . This appean to be the earlier of the t\ii/o and '*since been repl~ by a timber portable. Like Moliagul, Evansford and K8norroo Fl at Common School a, the original Ne'wbrid9e school room expressed ib wn re.qiona1 character 'Within the simple form of the common school. The gabled parapet 'f/SS common but the second Nwbridge classroom's -cruciform plan 'w'83 not often repe3'ted. The only exception ¥as the E'3endon National School of 1862. (si nee demolished) SIGNIFCAPCE More data h needed on the construction of the surviving 'w'i ntJ prior to any fundemental conclU$iOns. Howver judged as an architectural form type and a kOO\r/n public buufldinq from the boom period of· the tO'w'n, the school has i mporta ooe to the shire and potenti a1 i mporteince to the region on the basis of form or use. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Vision and Realfaation, vol .2,p.443. Courier, 24June 1865, 11 November 1'865. SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO - - SITE l.IST1NGS 7 3 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION ST UDY: VOLUME TWO STEWART~ GENERAL STORE LOCATION : LVONS ST ., HEWBRI OGE TOW NSH IP ALLOT : 3/1 GRANTEE: ELLIOT, J GRANT DATE: 30 APRIL 1856 DATE: 1865; t 906 MAJOR OWNER: PEARSONJ Hl.GH BUILDER: t«)TTAGE(?) DESCRIPTION A...-eetherbo&rded corner store 'With unl.1$ual scrolled and arched boarded parepet end central expo!ed roof gable. Timber-framed sho'w' 'w'indcrw's survive and a detached brick ch1mney (exte~) haa been absorbed blJ a domestic ch8r8Cter side verandah . The chimney extension end edjeunt old but much altered brick house ( 1865?) suggesi extensive renovation of an earlier $1ore 'i'Mch probably included raising the roof line. HISTORY John Elliott of Melbourne 'w'as granted thfa $ite 1n 1855 for £ 18. Other lots purchased by E111ott included the adjoining allotments in this section and three in section 6. Hugh Pearson, e former Edinburgh grocer, 'W68 the next O'w'ner in 1861. After a short stay 1n carlton, Pearson fled opened storn on the goldfields (Chinaman's flet, Havelock and lnglevood) and finally, after his New-brtdge land acquisition, on thfs site 8$ 'w'ell . The Courier o1 J une 1865 described improvements 1n Newbrld(Je and noted Pearson's near completion Of a 'large t'w'o-storey brick store'. The next month, Hugh Pearson applied fore publicon·, license for a brick house containing eight rooms. Pearson's holdings on this corner 'w'ere 'w'orth at 1e6'1 £600 in 1873, the emount of his mortgage to S8m Warnock. He also got the Ne'w'bridge post office agency 1n the same ye8r. The property passed to Jeme! Hugh Pearson in 1906, coi ncidi rig \olith ex1ensive renovations to the building. SIGNIFICANCE Judged purely on architectural standerds, the intact s ho'w 'w'i lldo'ws and the distinctive scrolled perepet lend significance to the btrlldino. As 'Well it tm at Jess disti nct relationship 'w'i th the Pearson family . The buitdino is significant in the 1~1 history of the area, since it has functioned on this site for 123 yeers . Ne'w'bridge vas a major cr°"1 ng pot nt on the Loddon and the 3tore \f.las sited to trap some of tills pnsi ng trade. The 'wide entrance 'w'&IJ to the bridge over the Loddon, 'With the store, pub and remains of a mechanics institute reflect some of the bustle and movement vhich ch&recterised Neotibridge in the 1860s, 'w'hen thi' 'tore -was first built. LOCAL SIGNlflCANCE Sour.ce: Sutherland,V1ctoria, p.228. Directory, 186 7, 1899. Tarnaqulla CAurier, 24 June 1865,22 Jul y 1865 SITf:" I !STINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 75 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO NEWBRIDGE STATE SCHOOL TEACHER°S RESIDENCE LOCATION: RAGLAN ST., NEWBRIDGE TOWNSHIP ALLOT:l 4 GRANTEE: STATE SCHOOL GRANT DATE: 1906(?) DATE: 1906 OWNER: VICTORIAN roYERNHENT e\RCHJTECT: MARSDEN, JH,(PWD ARCHITECT) BUILDER: BOLGER & SON DESCRIPTION T\iO-storeyed s.,,.,iss Chalet style 'Weather boarded te-acher's residence I 'with asbestos(?) upper level cladding and 3imu1atetJ half-timbering, a steepliJ gabled main roof, simple hipped verandah at ground level. Multi-pane 'windo\i/s and slotted ba1 ustr8dt ng as detail. HISTORY Nevbridge school opened in 1861 under he3d teacher Anthony Lester. S1x Jeter the first brick schoolroom ""8S erected. Athree acre site "8S reserved to the west of the old school in 1906. The residence \\las erected on this site, ap()8rent11J under the direction of Arthur Otto Sachse, Minister for Public Instrtction ( t 902-1908) end member for north-east province ( 1892-1920). Sachse's involvement eppeers to date this building to c1906-1908. It w&:s one of three school! in this siyle. It originally had more ornamentation of a Northern European style in half-timbering etc. The house contained a diningroom, s1tt1ng room end b8throol'n$ on the ground floor as ¥e11 as a reer kitchen, scullert.:i and pantry. T'w'O btdrooms 'tlith p1entg of built-in storage, a box room and a balcony 'Were on the uper level. A sleepout and a new floor to the verandah \t'ere added 1n 1934. The upstairs strapping ( roughcest and timbering replaced 'with e&bestoa and streppi ng) may have occurred at this ti me. Sachse was an engineer 3nd manufacturer. He patented several steam-powered inventions. A3 'Yell ne took an active interest in the battle to end the sltve trade in South- East Asht SIGNI f !CANCE TMs house may be compared to the picturesque Medtaeval revival style of Ot$brwe Anrte8r's chalet &t1Jle house at Eaglemont. lt is e more mode3t but si mnarl y inspired experi men1 in a domestic style which had been used in America (8' o craftsman bungalow variant) but not in Au~raHa until the turn to American Bungalw dW9ns in the 1920s. Although altered in detail, the upright 'doffs ho~' form is distinctively of the S\liss Chalet mode and hence 1s a rare style shared 'With the nationally know-n wrk of Anneer. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Vision &Rea1i~tion. vol. 2 p.443. 100 Years of resP.Qnsible government in Victoria, 1856-1956. Courier. 11 November 1865. SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO - ...... _r""! . SITE LISTINGS 77 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY. VOLUl"1E TWO HOUSE COMMERCIAL ROAD TARNAGULLA GRANTEE fYfE, GEORGE GRANT DATE 6 APRIL 1864 DATE 1665 OWNER FYFE. GEORGE BUILDER FVFE. GEORGE ( ?) DESCRIPTION An early broad-gabled, beaded-edge \tleatherboard house with valuable scrolled valances, double or divided panelled doors, spade- heade HISTORY George Fyfe, a certer and contractor, wn the grantee for this lot in 1864. Fyfe \fas partnered by Christopher Metelman until January 1866 'When he continued the b~Re$' in hia Oltt'n name. Another of Fyfe's attivities W8' as host at the ne-wly-formed Tarnagulla Mechanic's Institute from mid-1865. He provided the Ins-titute vith readi nq rooms { 18 by 14 feet)and a 11 brary -cum-committee room ( 14 by 11 feet}. Both rooms ¥ere furnished, -well-lit and had fireplaces. The'J may have bun in this building. f yfe is listed in Tarnagu11a commercial directorie~ until c1871. James and David Fyfe, farmers of Ne'w'bridge, 'Ylere also listed in this period. Tovards the end of the 1860s, f'yfe's baby daughter ¥as thrwn from a cart and killed on a routine outi119 with her mothar. SIGNIFICANCE The building has regional importance because it is an early and intact timber h-Ouse and because it contributes to the gold era character of TarnaguJla. LOCAL SIGN! f'ICAt-a:E Source: Bendic.J!! Directory, 1868, 1871-2, 1875. T&r!WJulla Courier, 3 June 1865, 9 februery 1865. SITE LI STINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 79 BOWMAN'S BAKERY LOCATION: COMMERCIAL ROAD, TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 4/18 GRANTEE: BOWMAN , G GRANT DATE: 1 SEPTEMBER 1861 DATE: 1861-5 MAJOR OWNER: BOWMAN, GEORGE DESCRIPTION A masonry shop with e parapeted and cemented facade and original shopfront (timber framed) w1th storm ~hutter3 intact and panelled plinth. A street verandah VI~ orrce atteched to tht Muthern half of the building. The sign 'Fanc1J Bread G Bo\tJman BiscuitmaKer' survives on the board directly JJnder the verandah. The side brickwork has been painted and one wi ndo'w' openl ng hes a cemented archHrave. HISTORY Frederick Geor9e 60W'mar1, a baker, 'w'as granted this lot in 1861 for a little over eight pounds 0011 appesrs to h11ve erected this shop a011 residence soon afterward$. This bakery i3 listed in Tarnagull.a C(.lmmercial directories from 1865 to the 18903 whilst several other BoW'tnaM 11ved in the Shire} at Bet Be1 and near Mt Hooghl y. f rederick Bo¥ man, a Tarnegulla bootmaker , purcha&ed this shop from Frederick Sor' s estate in 1906 but it ts fred Snr'3 sign which survives over the stmv wi ndowi today. SIGNI f I CANCE The age of the bull di 09, its rare old sign and its part i ri the Tarnagul la tow-rl$cape give it an 1mportant place in the 1dentit•J of the town and the region. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: RGO. Bendigo Di rectory, 1868. Directory, 1893-4. Tarnegulla Cour1er, 1865 ooward3. SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS Bl SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO HOUSE LOCATION: COMMERCIAL ROAD, TARHAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 4/13A GRANTEE: BOUSflELD, H G~NT DiiTE: 1 NOVEMBER 1864 MAJOR OW'NER: CHEETHAM, T DATE: 1865 DESCRIPTION Double· fronted 'w'eetherboerde4 holl3e 'w'1th high gabled roof 11 ne, gable f1 nials ond elegan1 cement and !tone chimney cornices with t'Wi n terre-cotta pots on both. The howe has an elegant conceve verandah but the posts have been removed. The fence has also been replaced. A pirre $pecies, obviously of some age, is the major contributor to the extens1ve garden although challenged by a Moreton Bay f1g 1n 1b gro'w'th. HISTORY Henry Bousffeld 'w'OS granted this site tn 1864 but 'w'aS never li~ed ~ a Tarnaguna rt$1dent. Instead in 1868 he 'w'tl3 cited es an engineer in the nw declininc) minir19 centre of Haidentcrwn. Seven years later, Bousfield, Medgeson and John operated a crushing plant at Ha1dentO'w'n. In 1880, John Bousfleld conducted an 1ron foundry at Laanecoorie in 1880. This 'w'SS moved to Eagletl8'w'k in 1900. Only this fl rm and a Henr9 T Bousfield, farmer of Nati muk, 'w'ere 1btt1t es Boumelds in commercial di rectori~ in 1900. The hoUff vas supposedly pre-fabricated and o-wned for a long perfod bV Junes Cheetham , a store~per and mininq il\Ve$tGr and local councillor, Cheeth3m 'w'SS born 1n Lancashire and apprenticed to the cotton trade. He arrived in Tarnegu11a in 1857 and t>egen quertz mining, manaqi ng a string of claims in the area. Cheetham ...orked as valuer and collector for the Shire of Bet Bet in 1870 and eventua1Jy bec$me Shire secretary. Soon efter"Werd8 he served as a Tarnegu11a boroUiJh councillor and 'w'83 elected 88 meYor in four consecutive years. Given their common i merest in gold mini 119, Bousf1eldd may heve sold this hotm to Cheetham. SIGNJflCANCE Cheetham 'w'8S orie of the key figures in the com mercia1 and mini ng 1ife of Tarnagu11a . He buutlt on Ms business sucte" to btcome a political le00er . H1s house, some'What larger end more elegant than those around it, te$liftes to his local $l&tus. It is significent in lb contribution to the character of Tarnagulla end in ib 11nb to one of the men cgho pioneered minill;J and took a lead in local politics. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE SJTE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO 83 VICTORIA HOTEL i\NO THEATRE LOCATION: COMMERCIAL ROAD, TARNAGULLA ALLOT: 5/16 GRANTEE:BARLO'W,GEORGE GRANT DATE: t AUGUST 1861 DATE: 1861-2 OWNER: BARLOW, GEORGE DESCRIPTION Aformer face brick end cemented structure 'w'ith a parapeted facade in t'w'eo parts. The former Victoria Hotel to the scouth has two entrance doors and the theatre to the north, one central entrance to Commercial Road. Both buildings have si mi Jar .se~mented, arched- raised entablature and distl nctive exaggerated keystone and quo1 ni ng around door'v1ays. The norf.h W'all painting and i nstillatton of pipe bal ustradi ng have been carried out si nee 1979. HISTORY George Barlow, a T~rnagulla butcher, acqu1 red the grant of allotment t n 186 t and the freehold 01' allotment 6 from Adam Nuttall in 1862. Barlow mor~gaged the property t'w'1ce, in 1876 and 1882, prior to sate to Emma Davies in t 890 for £600. A ~tri ng of hotels 1i ned Commercial Rosd sfter quartz reef m1 nes opened on Poverty Reef. These hotels included the Sandy Creek, the Golden Age and the Company. The Vic1or1a 'vies one of these, rtsi ng in 1862 and surviving urr.der licensees, Ashw'orth, frank Fearn, Barlow (wner) Sam Ellfa and \11/illiam Morgan Davies. Davies, a Welshman had come to Tarnagulla in 1858. Dra-..iing on his expertence in the Cyfartha mines he became a partner 1n the Prince of W&le$ Mi~ (on Poverty Reef) and managed the Cumbri&n Mine ( NeW' Chum Retf) . He fi nsll y held the license for the Victoria from 1876. Barlow was Sl$O involved in the Cambrian mine; he ran the Manchester Saw Milh at Corfu Reef as \vell. D1.1vies was & boro1Jgh councillor, mayor ( 1870-1878) and served 1.1s & rMgfatrate from 1870 fa 1876. His wife Emma conducted the r1otel after hi3 death and eventual 1y acquired the freehcild. The l/ictoria Hotel and Hall ( 60 by 40 feet. ) w-a.s the focus for many of Tarrragulla's $OCial and civic pursuits. Mining company meetings, commemorations for the Presbyterian clergy, °'ltith a 'fr1Jit 3oiree' for 400 people in 1863, \\l'lth regular lodge meet1 ngs (the Garibaldi Lodge memorial board is still on a wall in.side the theatre) brought Tarnagulla residenfa info the hall on al most any 'w'eek in the 1870s and 18803. Barlow modestly advertised his theatre as 'one of the best in the country• in 1864, Sam Ellis advertised an evening's entertainment in 1867 ss a 'comic and sentimental songs, breakdowns, burle~ques ... the whole to conclude with e screaming farce'. The entertai ner!3 'w'ere the Apollo Minstrels and their programme followed the extremes of goldtown life. In 19 t 2 the licer11Ji n~ Reduction Board visited the distrtct and looked cloael y at the Victoria. Police assured the Board that the hotel had good accornodation, good ~tabling and that it 'w'6:3 ·well C(Jnducted. It had fourteen brick rooms and eight of other construction t1Jpes. The o·wner, Mrs. Davies, had spent most of the profit on upkeep. The hotel had five perm&nent. bo~rders . The to\vn clerk and other le~ding figures spoke highly of the hote1 and pointed out that with the Poseidon rush, n1JmbP.rs in the town had risen by 200 in five years. So much did t.hfa solidarity impre~!} the board th~t they llllowed the Victoria to keep it~ licen~e. The pub orrly ~1Jrv i v~d fo r another four ye1.1r3 end in 191 6 it cll'.le.ed. It beci3 me a reside rice for :1 7 :: . ~·::-_,.., , SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO the Devi~ family aoo the hell et:1ntinued es a meeting plece. tt; Turner ..-rote thet the gold r~hes brought to V1ctor1a t ne'W ere 1n theetre. The steoe became ' a levish and vuloar ,y-mbol of ther golden et:1lonv•. Everv larve hotel hed a room for a theatra in Yhich tnvelling troupes wuld lempoon the pretentions of colonial *iety . Not manlj hotels had a separate theetre 11 ke thet et the Victoria In vhl ch a programme ~ maintained totalhJ ~perett from the ootel. The Chiltern star Theatre survi~ es a simple oo brick hall 'w'tthou1 ornament attached to the former Stu ttltel end t~ referred to by Ross Thorne tn Ttmtrn to Austntta as the oldest tnoYn theeter atteched to a hotel 1n Austre1ie, SIGNI FtCAPl:E The V1ctor1e Theatre is probebllJ the oldest t:l'IO'w'n purpose-built theatre (attached to a ho1e1) in A~tralie. It evom the heedy days of the gold rush staoe. Arch1 tett urell y, the strong1 y moulded opening arc hi tr~ are typical of earl y archHectural detailing (compare 'With the former Union Ban~) and the external fabric ts aurpr1singl\I complete. With the ebsence of a similerllJ intact gold era hotel in the twn, The Yictorle ~urvt'm os Tarnagulle's aocia1 heart and not just as relic of 1he past. It is still, aa tt hes been since the 1860s, the central community building of the twn. Tms cont1 nuitlJ of use makes it Yal uable belJOnd 1b stylistic dist1nct1venm. STATE SIGNIFfCAfCE Source: Flett, Old Pubs. pp . 61~62 . RGO 33125. Directory, 1899. Courier. 19 November 1'864. YlfTQt/4 lll!lL ANQ TH(ATRf t L-...... - ...... s1J.E,.J...J..-h.~~IJJ~b1G~.),)s..._,_,-·-·--·-· -.. -·---·------85 SH! i=::E r)F E:ET BET CONSERV AT !ON STUD'f VOLur-·;E TVIO COLONIAL BANK Of AUSTRALASIA LOCATION: COMMERCIAL ROAD .. TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 1/15 GRANTEE: FOOS, JOSEPH GRANT DATE : 1866 MAJOR OWNER: COLONIAL BANK Of AUSTRALASIA ARCHITECT: TERRY, LEONARD DESCRIPTION Former Colonial Bani< - a two-store~ed stuccoed brick build; rig ; n a conservative Renaissance revivel menrrer with smooth r1Jsticetion orr the ground level, a t1 uted string mould at the first floor level end dentileted cornice at the top. The openi rigs have architrave~ on the upper level and bracketed pedi menta on the lower (doorvay). A Tuscan order entrance porch end balcony combinati on i$ edorned with "1rou9ht iron bal ustradi ng wtiich use~ the salti re cross motif. There are traces of an early colour scheme but tht diverse signs across the facade ere 1otrusive. HISTORY Gold- buyi rrq agencies and bank branches 'Were set up near the digg; ngs in the late 1850s and the 1860s. The Bank of Au~ralesie 'w'8' established in Dunoll y in 1856. In the same year, the Colonial Bank was established in Victoria and had erected only fe\v' knoW'n and purpose- built br3nches ( amon9st them Gee long, Kyneton and Ballarat )when this building replaced an earlier branch office in 1865-6. The land purchase and intention to build 1,,1ere announced in the Courier in June 1865, followed by a detailed account of the design, in August The bank ~"as to have two levels, 'with an iron balcony over the entrance and a comfortable suite of apartments for the men&ger on the upper level. There Wa3 the public 1Jffice ·with desks for teller and accountant, the manager's room and of course the smelting room with its tall chimney. Smelting gold at the point of p•Jrchase 3upposedl y prevented adulteration of gold, especially after the beginnings of quartz mining. By late 1865 the foundations had been excavated and dressed granite carted in from Harcourt to line the basements . The manager ·~ wife, Mrs. AH Willis laid the foundation stone in November and apart from a fe-w decorative touchs, the bank was completed in July 1866. The bank closed in 1888 arid its neighbour the Union Bank (qv) purchased the bu1ldi ng arid took over the branch. The two banks are shown 1n an early photograph. The Colonial Bank and its towering smeHer chimney dominate the corner -. The Union Bank look3 1i ke a tov alongside. Be-tween them i.s a brace of swagged pickets and a capped corrugated iron fence. SIGN !ffCMfCE Usi09 the Tretho\11an facade composition typology, there is no known 19C. equivalent. The design evokes its early date and the architect's skill by the restr3int and balance of its palazzo revival mode and the tall smelting chimney. The$e give a c1esr expre~ir.10 to f.he gold- mining character of the town. The corner zi ting and its location next to the Union Bank are key elemerit3 i o the to\unscape. STATE SIGNI Fl CANCE SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO Source: ANZArchi~ . TreUt0¥an, 'Banb of Victorie'. Dj rtc!oru 1868 . lJL.rmgu11e Courjer. 3 June 1865, 12 AugUS1 1865 ~ 11 October 1865, 7 July 1866. 87 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO UNION BAHIC LOCATION: COMMERC IAL ROAD, TARNAGULLA TOWN.SHIP ALLOT : 2/ 1SPT . GRANTEE : MCMULLEN JF GRANT DATE: 1861 DATE : 1859 MAJOR OWNER: UNION BANK OF AUSTRALIA ARCHITECT: TERRY, LEONARD DESCRIPTION 'Lochcerron' the former Union ~nk hos the date 1859 on a simply gabled pediment. Formerly face brick but no..- painted, it h8' quoining and exaggerat!d vermiculated ketptonn over the entrance and 'w'indotJs. Jecobean strap-.tOrk patterns are also used in the stucco and at arclritreve$. The door hes been replaced. HISTORY John F McMullen, Inspector of the Union Bank, purchased th1s lot and put up the present building 1n 1859. This \188 part of tho Union Bank's attempt to corner some o1 the revenue from gold exchanges, a1re8d1J a lucrative avenue for other banks. Wfth1n tvelve months, the London offi~ of the benk began to demand economies 88 gold production 'w'ent into steep decline. The Union and the Bank of Australia agreed to close bnrnches tOQether, so that 'w'hen the Union branch at kk Creek cJONd, the Tarnagulla bnu-.;h of the Bank of Australia al:!O closed. But 'tlhen company mines opened on Poverty Reef, the branch remei ned profitable, especie111J after 1eg1sle1ion in 1'858 which perm1ted firrM to mortgage plant and moveable 8"eb. In 1890 oft.er the honk moved into the former Colonial Senk he.adquarters(qv} these premises 'w'ere sold to Thomas Comrie. The Comrie family sold to Hamilton Stobie in 1928. After his death tt 'w'SS sold to George Bailey in 1935. An early photograph of the bank sl'lo'.is face brick 'w'ell construction (si nee stucoed) and cemen1ed dr~nos to the main bu11df ng and an attached h1p-roofed and verandahed rmdence et the reer. SIGNIFICANCE Among other purpose-built Union Banb, th1s appears to be the earli~t rural example, older than either the Clunes ( 1865) or Ballarat ( 1663) branches, both designed by Leonerd Terry. The unGSua1 ornamentation is typical of eerly commercial designs . Th!: buildifl9 \\lent up during the early gold boom in TarnaguJla and expresses mucn of the optimism of these years . Its siting near the ~ntral inter~tion of the tO'w'n and edj~nt to the other major bank brarich are kty factors in the historic landscape of Tarnagulla. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: RGO 49374. Butlin, Australian and Nev Zealand Bank, p.129. ANZ archives. pjrectory, t 868. SITE LI STINGS SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO S!TF I l<:;Tlf\Jt;~ 89 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUf"1E TWO PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH TARNAGUllA LOCATION: GLADSTONE ST., TARNAGUllA T' 1QWNSHIP ALLOT: 16/9 RES. GRANTEE: PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ( 70.252) GRANT DATE: t 870 DATE: 1864 MAJJR OWNER: PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH BUILDER: DAVIS & TREVASCUS ARCHITECT: AUSTIN & ELLIS DESCRIPTION for mer Pr~byterien church built in t\tlo-colour br1ckrwork 1n a si mpte Gothic revival maner but 'w'ith notable brick d~ailtl'l9 around a central 1mp11ed bell ~r 'it'ith moci&ted bellcote, iron cross end main neve windo¥. Ed'w'ardian church hall ( ?) vith gabled roof adjoins and the fence around the complex probably dates from the period. Sited ne8r the government $Quere and the AngliC8n church, this church, its materials end form coincide generally vith the brick c1v1c architecture around it. HISTORY Almost \\llttrin the one lj88r, 1864, the three churches of Tarnagulla appeared as if in i unanimoU! si9n of faith in the to'it'n's future prosperitlJ. Among them vas Uri' church, bunt by Devis &. Trevascus, de$i9ntd by Melbourne architects, Austin & Ellis and pre'1ded over by Rev TA Hamilton. Early in 1863, the Tarn89ulle Presbyterians celebrated the ann1verstiry of the i oouction of the clergy to the tovn; the Rev TA Hamilton addressed his congreqetion in the Victoria Theatre. Rev JA Mclellan V88 e tater minister to the church. The church hall is thought to be the L8'8necoorie church moved onto th! site in June 1926. At the opening of the Wesleyan church in 1865, Rev Hemilton commented thet the Pre!byterian church had ~n completed. He thoU SIGNtFICANCE The church ts architecturalhJ-modest and it$ significance Hes in its relation to nearb9 rel1g1ous and civic build1fl9'. LOCAL SIGNlflCANCE Source: illJl!guUo Courier. 15 April 1865. &.gyt, 2 June 1863. Bendi~ Di rectory, 1868. SITE LIST INGS 90 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO I ' ., I i J l SITE LISTINGS 91 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TARMGUllA COURT HOUSE lOCATION: Kit«> ST. TARNAGUll.A TOWNSHIP Ht\.OR OWNER : VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE : 186~ DESCRI PT ION: Small oabled building in a simple rectalinear form. The building i& has render recentlyb painted. The simple appearance is relieved by an oculus above vtin door.'81J3 vhich are arched and recessed. Heavy pene11ed vooden doors in both entrances. HISTORY The grovth of population in Tarnagulla because of the gold rush had taken place vithout anv presence of police. The rioting of diggers after the Sendv Creek Rush bro ~ht po1 ice and later 11l891st rates to the twn Ternagulla seemed to fail to 'Win an~ cormderetion os Dlri,brook and Dunolly battled for the siting of a court in their twn. Eventuellv this courthouse opened in 1863. It later seemed, like the nearby Sandy Creek oold -warden'' offlce> to be badly sited for such en Important builctf ng. As 'Welt there I* been problems Yith fooooations. Hcrwever plans fore court on Commercial Rd . ..-ere never foll wed through. SIGNI f !CA.CE A kev bu1ldt1191n the civic and reltotous sector of the to'Wnslrip. This is a dionified butldi ng and i b 31 mp le yet elegant 1t nes expresa much of the broader character of the twn. Essential to the character of the twn. LOCAL SIGNlflCAft:E 92 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH., TARNAGULLA LOCATION: KING ST., TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: RES/15A GRANTEE: WESLEYAN CHURCH GRANT DA TE: 1864 DATE: 1865 MAJOR OWNER: WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH ARCHITECT: CROOCH & WILSON BUILDER: NOTTAGE, JOHN DESCRIPTION former Wt$legan Methodbt Church - a ,;mple Gothic revival church '1t'ith 'pireleb, stop p1en, marking the nave ond side aisles in a traditional '1fay and bunt -with t\IO·colour flemi'h bond br1ck\olork \11th cemented crockets on each of the spires and the mein geble. The main '1ilindo'w hes sione tracery in a tre-foil pa1tern vfth four liOhb undernetth, the other '1ilin®'t'' are leaded lights. The bell tm been 31rung 1n a gum tree and nearby 'urrouOOi ng Monterey pi Ile$ do oot appear to be of ang great age. They do relate to the church period. The interior has some notable details and 1ncl tides a basement. HISTORY Irving BeMOn '1t'rote of Jonothen Felder's arrival from California Hill and ms !ermons to Weale1J9na from a tree $1ump et Sendy Creek t n September 1858. Other services follO"Wed in more comfortable 3urroundi ngs in e privm hotiff. From 1859 there had been a timber Wnleyan church e1 Tarnagulla, appearing a year prior to the formation o1 the Dunolly and Terlltl(Julle cireutt under the Rev Robert Bunn. Rev ~n and Mr Kinq are credited "1th creating the church. Planning began in 1862, aided by J falder and Ed'w'ard Davies, both mining 1nvestors and tenders vere called 1n August 1864. Prolific des1gnen of br1ck Wesleyan churche& in Victorie, Crouch and Wi134>n 'w'ere the architects aoo John Nottage, the builder for a contract price of £ 1408. Government and priv81e contributions cut beck ttri' amount end when the church opened, the debt '1ood et only a fw hundred pcund3. Major contrt buton f ncl uded S Hatt ¥ho discovered Poverty Reef. Meawtrile Nottage and the church committee '1t'ere at odds over peymtnb, vith Nottage acusing the committee of unfair treatment and Henry Bnstol accusing Nottage o1 bad management. The opening of the church in April 1865 '1t'8$ 3$ usual a popular event 1n Tarnaoulla 'With sermon$ by Rev W Hill of Castle mat ne al'ld Rev sayer from Dunolly. Even the Pmb!Jterian minister ¥as forced to edmit that the lle1a' church cast his wn into the shade. The pulpit dre.... attention for ib cedar and crimson velvet The communion table ves surrounded by poli~hed cedar arid hed bronzed rails and behind it on the 'Wall "Im a small niche. The pine tr~ \ir'ere exposed belw a paneled and plastered ceiling and the 300 comfortable 3eaU, 'tt'ere vell fl nisned. The whole church \o/83 lit by kerosene standard and brecket lamps fixed to the seab. SfGHlflCANCE Among the distrtct's Wesle!J&O churches, it does not measure up to that at SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO CMtlemeine but comperes more then fevourebly 'w'ith thoM et 1'181don end Dunolly. lt h the most architecturally ptminv of all the Ter~ulle churche$ end is enhe~ by 1ts hi11s1de 3e1ting. It is again an example of the co~Udatlon of the twn efttr the flnt gold r~hes. While the V1ctorta theetre provided orie fucua w local life, this church provided another. The Wesleyans involved 1n ib hbtory often ~rked on the neighbouring Poverty Reehnd took a leed in political life in Tarneouna. lb form, location and history together repr93ent the ~ntial cheracter of life in a small QOld twn. STATE SIGNIFICA~E Source: Jacobs, Lwts and V1 ~. Maldop. Courier, 15 Aprn 1865, 29 April 1865. !r.9YL 1 August 1864. · ·':;3lell$n church committee boob (at Tar1'18Qulle Gold Museum}. SITE LISTINGS 94 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUt-1E TWO BELL COTIAGE LOCATION: MITCHELL LANE TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP DATE: 1935-40 MAJJR OWNER: BELL 1 HERBERT BUILDER: BELL, HERBERT DESCRIPTION A cottage built from local stone of various de!cri ptions in a typical Californian Bu~lw form "ith brick quoinil'M}, Japanese-style verandah and bracketed and trussed qables. Ht STORY Herbert Bell arrived in Ternegu11a during the economic depremon odf the late 1920s after serving in the Fir3t World War and subsequently in the MercMnt Nav~. Like many of the depr~on·, itinerarrt gold-seekers, Bell fossicktd on the Tarnagulla field and bunt hi$ houn (Ner a period '.iith stone and bricks, collected on his bicycle from around old mining dumps. He served again in the Second World War and on hi3 return ~bibbed an orchord and poultry farm on a nearby block. He died here in 1975 aged ninet~. Thb i$ the most substarrtial of the depression-era f0$$1cker·s hut$ in the !hire. SIGNI Fl CANCE Important&$ a relic of the fossicking years of the depr~ion end al~ significannt as a unique example of local enterprise end ded1c~ton. The so11d, imaginative and tasteful design make this a fitti no testament to the ingenuity and endeavour of Bell's generation - men "'ho fought in t"'o \lfars aod vho strW)(J!ed through the catastrophe of the Greet Deprenion. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: DHorsfall, 1n Bend190 MYMtfser. 30 May 1985. SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO 8fllCQ"4ff S!TE LISTINGS 96 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSER VATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO ST FRANCIS ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TARNAGUllA tOCATION : STANLEY ST TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT : RES/10 MIJ:lR .OWNER: ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ARCHITECT: KEOOH & AOCTI N BUILDER: WI LSON,F DATE: 1911 DESCRIPTION Plain red brick church 't>ith contnmino light brick daiper work ebove oculua on fac8de. Built in a Gothic stvle 'with porch at front . Crosses u ftn1als on main bu11di R9 ard on porch. Cement copi rigs ard 11ght fac1 no on open1 f'l9S contrast v1th dominant red brick. HISTORV Ro men tatho11cs 11 ke ln0$t other de no mi nsttons celebrated the1 r fl nt.reltqtoua affairs in e locel pub. In 1865 theu erected a 'w'OOden church. The present butldifl9 ~ from the earllJ t'ient1eth ~nturv, Yhen altholl9h mf ntno 'W08 in decline, smell farmil'f911oourbhed. The laroelv lr1sh conore98t1on ...-ere mf re 11kely to be fermera than miners, hence the eb11i11J to build this church as others arourd declined. Th18 s~t \Its $hort-lived. In 1923 the TernaQul11 C8tho11c school closed. The church itself ts flO'W closed. SIG NI f ICAPCE The church has a character superior to others 1n the d1atr1ct and ib location 'withtn the relto1ous prec1rd af Dunonv makes 1t an ~nt1el element of the tO'w' f'l8C8 pe. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE lAR!WiULiA CflTIOUCCHU!i(H 97 SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TARllAGULLA SCHOOL 1023 LOCATION: STANLEY ST TARNAGULtA HA..llR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DI.TE : 1874 BUI l DER : HUTCH IHSON AND HAMIL TON DESCRIPTION R9d br1ck and oebled school built in three separate sections 'with double, small paned Yi ndo'w'$ esymmetricall y placed 1n the facade of one 'it h;J. Elegant and ..-ell mal ntai ned 'w'OOden lunch shed in school yard and small gs bled 'w'Ooden structure htdes the fecede of the br1ck ort1on of the school. HISTORY Plans for this school vere drwn up in 1873. In June 1874, the school opened 'with 236 children. At thet stege the school hod a sh10Q1ed roof. The school 'w'8S used for a ti me for catholic church services. Its eppe8rance 'Was rMrkedl y altered i n 1965. SIGHlflCAJCE Not as unusual as the earlier comon schools in the rest of the t1hi re. It has also lost much of it& nineteenth centur~ charecter in alterations. Nevertheless it is an essential element in the character of the tO'w'n aoo fils one corner of the reliolous and civic aector of the town. Source: "Ternagulla: a hbtorv' bnichure. TARIMGULlA SflOJL 98 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO FORMER GOLD WARDEN'S OFFICE TARNAGULLA AND SANDY CREEIC POST OFFICE LOCATION: STANLEY ST., TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 719 GRANTEE: DUGc.AN MT GRANT DATE: 14 MARCH t 898 DI.TE: 1861 OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BUILDER: CROSS & NOBLE DESCRIPTION former gold ~rden'3 ofice and po3t o1fi~, constructed in brick in & typical lta11anate villa mode. Brick mouldiNJ$ are di~irdive over 'WinOOYs erasing rubbed bricks. The fence Im been replaced and the brlcb part-stuccoed. Nw flssfri rig also e pplied. HISTORY 14 tenfold 1ncrease 1n numbers 1n one veer qeve Tarnagulle (5andy Creek ) a permanent look in t 858. Earlier in ttm year the Mer\jboro!J9h and DunolllJ Advertiser had called for police to control the dangerous mob of gold-seekers. There had bten a recent ~ disgraceful 1ncident' In a public house and to 8dd to that, the ReQistrar of Births, Deaths and Marriagn had gone mimng. A police camp "1&8 eYerrtual1i.1 lOC8ted near Ternagulla 1n 1859 and a gold esc.ort commenced from there in 1861, coi neidi ng \t'ith the erection Of this buildi f'l9 b~ Crm and Noble for a 'w'Srden (Mr. Orme) in 1861 fore price of £540. /\$the number of tocel chri rm rO$e from tvelve to 176 1n the apece of e 1Je3r, the Warden's Court gre'w' bU$\j. Vet the \ierden's office "WM 5UP~Y not needed end the building ~me the Sandy, Cree~ ~t office. This decision coincided 'with the connection of the electric telegraph to Dunotly in 1860. As Tarnagu11a's commercial section expended, the post office moved to a more cerrtral site in Commercial Road in 1886. The site 'WM eventl18111,,J sold to a private buyer, the deiruman MT DIMJC}an, in 1898. SIGNIFICAM:E An early governmerrt building and unusually, 'Well preserved for its age. It b also one Of the fe'W' btrtld1 ngs designed as gold "'8rden's offices to survtve 1n near intact condition. It can be compared to only, one other example, the portable -warden's offtce at Ararat( 1857). The building also contributes to the gold-i nspt red civic precinct ofTarnaoulla. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Flett,Duno11 y, p. 76. Heri~ Australia, vol. 3, p.138. S!TF I !STINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO . -...... - . ~: ·"'-· "- -· . _...... :.... "'_ Cl'T'L' I IC'Tt-.tr-C 1 00 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOL ur~1E TWO TARNAGULLA RECREATION RESERVE GRANDSTAND AND RESERVOIR lOCATIOH: STAHLEY ST. EXT. TARNAGULlA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 7 GRANTEE: PUBLIC PARK RESERVE GRANT DATE: 1880( ?) DATE: 1860, 1882 MAJOR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT, TARNAGULLA BOROUGH BUILDER: AH AMOS D£SCRIPTIOH Recre~tion reserve and pavilion entered by 8 sub31.8nt1al picket gatNay flanked by Aleppo p1ne3 (?). further alo09 the unmade track is a corrug8ted iron-clad booth V1ith stop-ch8mfered and ~pftaled main po3ts v1th angle brackeb tD one stde (possibly reroofed or reeled). Another raised and hipped roofed bandstand-hke pavilion (incomplete) is near the main pavilion v-hich i3 gabled, ¥eatherbo8rded and po~sses early details in the form of saltire cross bal ustradi ng and shaped timber valence to the upper ver8ndah . HISTORY A 'w'ater supply vas an early priority for Tarnagulla. Msistant surveyor Henry Morris laid out the scheme in Hay 1860, 1ncorporati~ a seventeen feet high and three-foot thick dam "it'a11 of puddled clay 'w'hich extended some 376 feet across a minor valley. lt3 earth 'w'811s battered do'wn either side of the dam core to a 3upptmd bed of sarnbtone. Contractor AH AITIO$ constructed the r~rvoir that ljear. Five yeen later miners and torwnspecple battled over the use of the reservo1 r. A mi 1'11 ng compeny led by John McPhearson had obtained from the gold "lt'arden (Orme), six inches of w-ater from the re~rvoir to $erve the company mine during the height ofsummer( February 1865). Tarnagulla Council objected to the unchecked pcrwer 'w'h1ch colonial off1c1al$ held over the fate of the tO'Wn. Several mfnen on sma11 chritm supported them s1~ their claims lay on the route 'w'hich the 'Water Md ta take to reach McPheerson's mine. Ult11Mtel1J, the long-a'w'aited storm "Water channel (one main channel of 100 chain length and superficial or 'scratch' drains) vas cut by John Watson through the garden r~rve at the 'it'estern &ide of Commercial Road. Suggestions for improving the purity of the 'w'ater varied from 3Chemes to plant tree$, securing the reserve from eni ma1s and putt1 ng in peli ng and not post and rail fences . Po11ution of the supply 'w'8S a corurtant threat to the reserve keeper H McMillan \it'ho gave notice that he 'w'ould shoot ' i ndfscri mi natel y' any goab found near the water. McMillan \r/8' at the same ti me accused by miners of fomenting attacks on their use of the dam veter. Once established as a reserve and hence one of the fw pl8Ce$ safe from mining, the ground \Y8S cleared by the Tarnagulla Cricket Club in 1862. Ten years later a more substantial boundsrv fence \\183 erected along 'With a properltJ graded and drained cricket oval. A pair of handsome gates graced the reserve entrance by 1878 presenting to one observer, a •really neat appearance•. Work 'w'8S being c'.lrried out on flower bed5 and general cl~ring. The pevilion aoo booths \t'ere erected in 1882 by Roper. Within fifty years of the Tarnagulla Borough so viQOrousl y fi9hti no to rontrol the re3ervoi r, the Bet Bet Shi re \Vas granted title to the reservoir in 1908. SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SIGN! FICA~E The grermtend b the o1de$t kno'w'n surviving in the sta~ end e:xpr~ ttris b~ iu timber construction end verand8h detafli ~ (Gra008tancb at Benella, BeechYllrth and Melbourne date from the late 1880$ and 1890s); booths survive at Tarnequllo 'tt'hich are rare. Often 1litn3V temporary 3helters disappeared else-where. The reserve fs entered throUQh a onmd (at least for its period) t1mber qatwly. Hot directly a part of the sporting functions of the r~rve. but ~ntial to iu existence it the dam. This could be compared to nrihr"81J re$ervoire such 83 that at Everton (c 1875) and that et ChHtern ( 1860s) 'tt'hich served for 'tt'~hi nq botb gold ~oo rei1""8y engines. STATE SIGNlflCANCE Source: Court~r. 11 November 1865, 4 July 1666, 14 Jem.1ar9 1865, 25 februarv 1865, 11 March 1865. Crw n lend Reaerve FHe, 80 T 14731 . flR.!l!L 4 January 1878. T'4R/WiUU.A KECREATIQNRES{Wf SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT I Ot~ STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS l. 03 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ST. SAVIOUR'S: ANGLICAN CHURCH U1RNAGULLA LOCATION: STANLEY ST: TARNAGULLA TOWNSHIP ALLOT: 5/10 GRANTEE: 1869 DATE: 1864 MAJOR OWNER: ANJLICAN CHURCH BUILDER: DAVIS & TREVASCUS DESCRIPTION St. Savtour'' Anglican church - built in a got Irie revival manner 'with added porches to create a cruciform plan. Coloured brfok-w'ork, cement cappings, rorner buttresse~ and three·11Qht \tlindNs {leeded and stained) ~mprise the details. R!mnerrt3 of a 'ub3tent1al (picket) fence exist includ1ng corner ~ 'with scro11ed f ron frieze and caps plus orbs. The belltwer is detached and iron framed al!O the manse, ~ altered and from the Ed'.'arctfan period Jies to the Muth together 'with some pine tree$. HISTORY L1 ke the church at Mo1189UI / this \ilU rommenctd in 1864 by builders Davis and Trevascus with bricks mede by John Theobold. The Rev W Chalmers directed its construction and yet aoother succes!ful miner, Robert Hammond w-es the major benefactor. Hemmond (with Bell} had pioneered the r1ch Poverty Reef after it opend in 1855. He end Edi Summers presented the church 'withe 'very fine toned bell'. The opening took place es e gentle breeze caJ med the b1isteri ng summer heat. Onlookers noted the church'~ elevated site ( ..,,~ of the m3i n Jeed) its attractive eppeerance and it 'Wea of course claimed that it surimsed anything else in TarneQulla. The church \t'&S dlst10CJ•.rlshtd bu '9ood taste .. . 8dmtrable proportions and appropriate decorations'. All this blended heppil 1J 'tl'ith the eer1 lJ English architecture. Inside the chancel 'w'es eleven feet square 'with a handsome three-light &:>thic 'Windo'W (fr~ed 'With staine.d margins) the nave w-es 47 by 22 feet and the roof \18' r8ised on three exposed tr~, seated on stone corbels and formed in a Gqthic pointed arch. Resembling the summer sky above, the ceiling lining ....u painted blue ( W'ith contrast1 ng brO\t'o rafters) the -wans were plastered and ttte aisl~ lafd out in red end 'White tiles. The 8081' 'w'ere totally modern in concept (open be~h rehter than boxed) and the church had a carved readt ng de3k, four raised choir ~ts and Gothic chandeliers suspended from the t\IO eoo trusses. Accompanied by Mozart's •1 'will callupon the Lord' a succession of reverend gentlemen read openfng services. The Rev Chalmers 'w'88 lauded es the inspiration of the three hermome churches in the aree. A proposal w-as made in 1870 to construct a parsonage. SIGNI Ff CANCE An arch1tec1ura11 y undfat1 r19uished design but neverless an exp re$$; on of-the sense of identity and security of the gold-field community of Tarnagulla. Combines 'w'ell \lith neighbour1 n9 buildings. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE SITE LISTINGS SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO Source: Courier. 19 Nlwem~r 1864. AdyertiMr . 23 ltprH 1870. -·~.~. ~ .· ~" . .. --- .-. ~ ~ .... •,,,; . 9, ... ·~ ··- . ,. ·::._:~. ':....~~.:~ ;;:,:·.:. ~~~·:_; ~-. -. : . SITE LISTINGS 105 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TARMAGULLA CU10ERV LOCATION: CEMETERY RESERVE TARNAGULLA NATMAP: 52.8127.7 FACES TARNAGULLA·BRIDGEWATER RD. SITUATED ON THE WEST SIDE Of THE ROAD AT THE J«JRTHERH FRf tl;E OF THE TOWN Of TARNAGULLA DESCRIPTION A cemeterv with memor1a1t da1ing bock to the 1860,. The cemeterv tnclliies several 9rave sites of the prf ncf pal m1 n1 no femi1t8' Of the to'w'n. One of these i. e Welsh 1nscr1ption. Several Ch1neN 9reves ere &e1;1re98ted from the rema1nder of the plott. The memorials are by and lor~ s1 mple and follw the 'termrd forms of nineteenth century memorfaltsm. Several are constructed in an obelisk form and many hive cioee-arched form Some more elaborate headstones mark the burial plots of walthv mining femmes. SIGHI f ICA~E The cemeteru reveals m~h about the social charecter Of the twn of TarneQu11a. Whtie the lev-out doet not eppeer to follO'w' o clear denominotfonal pattern~ the memortala themselves point to the religfous make-up of the twn and the arranoement of plots slq.JeSt aometh1no of the $0Cla1 relattoM of Tarnaouna. The cemeterv 1a e clue to the -.av in ...,h1ch people t n the twn sw themselYeS end eech other. Most of the key mi n1 OG f rrmtors ere buried here. The existence of Chi,,_ Qraves otves the cemeterv en edded ai9n1ftcance. An f mportent tndicetor of the character of lffe t n e small mf nt no to-.-n. LOCAL SIGNlflCAfCE ltWWjl!LlACflt[(EW SITE LISTINGS 106 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO POVERTY REEF flELD~TARNAGUlLA LOCATION: TARNAGULLATOWNSHIP ·/15 TO THE WEST OF THE INTERSECTION OF COMMERCIAL RD AND POVERTY ST BORDERING ON POV£RTY ST AND THE REAR Of COMMERCIAL BUI LOI NGS f ACING COMMERCIAL RD. AT THE NORTHERN END Of THE SITE IS THE WESLEYAN CHURCH DESCRIPTION Ares at mine cworki nqs W'ith shafts filled. One 3ha1t has recently operateti and 1'133 a frame above the sMft opening. Some brick footings left on the surface tind several mounds of vaste msterial taken from shafb . . Some remains of brick footi fl9' from earlier mine vorlci ngs. AMonument mar k1 nq the reef 1s v1 st ble from com me rc1al Road. HISTORY The Poverty 'w'as a key m1ni09 field in the Shi re through the 1860s and contf nued to be worked intermittently after then. The reef 'Wes locsted in 1853 and mini nq began in 1854. T'Wo New Zealand miner' wor Iced a cl a1 m In 18 5 5. These mi ners Hett and King iwere fo 11 wed by Bel 1 and Hammond vho too~ £70 000 cworth of gold from the reef in 1858. By 1862, shafts reached to 300 feet on the Poverty Reef. In 1864, Thomas King's Company 'w'ere st111 crushing quartz from belO'w' 300 feet and gettl f19 more than en ounce to each ton of rock. Soon after-werd3 all vork on the Reef 'w'8S suspended -while miners arranged new 1~ end put up more expenaive machinery. By 1868 most of the cioi rm on the reef 'w'9re let on tribute 'with some tri 17uters 9etti ng more than 2 ouncet to the ton. Soon afterw-ards, vhen $tVere1 of the companies on the reef had amal9mated, shefu reached to nearly 500 feet. However while th1s ground proved •exeedtngly rich' miners struck trouble 'W'ith 'Weter in shefb. In 1869, ther Poverty, Central and Victoria ComJ)8nies amalgamated and efter pumping "Water for three months began mining agein. Companies reported good finds in 1872. Then, despite deep sin~ngs over the following years, yields declined. By the mtddle of 1876, crustri rigs 'Yere only 10 Ms. per ton . The m1 nes 'Yere left unused in the late 1870s and then in 1880 the Old Poverty Reef Company began &i nlci n(j tlglin. By 1882 sh8fb reached to 700 feet. Yet even "'1th these new si nld nos yields never matched those of the 18603. Ml nes were let on tribute and closed at the turn of the century. SIGNIFICANCE The Poverty Reef 4*8' one of the key mining fields of the Shi re and knCIYln es an exceptionally rich reef even vhen compared to Ballent end Bendigo.The field 'w'83 crucial to the survival of the tO\t'n of Tarnegulla. Most of the pri nci pel political and commercial figures in the town made money from the field. Its location alongside the major commercial er~ of the to\v'n is an essential aspect of the character of Tarnagulla and a reminder of the connecti ons bet'6'een the ~wn and mining ect1vity. LOCAL SIGNIFICAN:E So1Jrce: guarterlyJ!P.Ort$, mining surveYQr. Courier, various dates. SlTE LI STINGS 107 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 108 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO PUZZLE FLAT BATIERY fOOTIN&S LOCATION: PARISH Of ARCHDALE 288/A NATMAP: 24.6/21.3 OHE HUNDRED METERS TO THE SOUTH Of TROWERS LANE> APPROXIMATELY 1.2 KS. FROM THE INTERSECTION OF TROWERS LANE AND THE ARCHDALE-BEALIBA RD. DESCRIPTION Brick foott nCJ$ of er us hi ng battery set in centre of paddock. The materials sre ~ncrete and brick and thr remei M are approxi l'Mtel y 1. 5 meters in heighi and t'w'o meter3 by five meters in length. The remnants form box like shape visible from Trwers Lane. HISTORY The area near B~liba ~fir~ rushed in the 185°' in the Cochr~ne·s Creek RU3h. The Puzzle flat 'w'as I~ in 1913 by a a perty of miners led by Ellison. The party follwed this lead five to six miles 1rrto Archdale. They took up 1000 acre$ on leasehold and "'ere fo110"1'ed by the Brittanie Company -whom up o crushing battertJ on the flat The3e remoins are regarded by some as the remnants of this battery. The rush stimulated mining in other parts of the shire and for a t1 me the first m1 ners to stake c181 ms o'n Puzzle Flat \t'eresble to extract rich returns. Yet 'Within a fw years most of the miners had moved on, 1eevif)91ittle trace of their activities apert from this sma113ite. Moat of the other mine -working! around Bealiba have been liiorked over and the ~urse of the Puzzle flat 1e8d runs through farmland 'With no 3igns of mining activity vi$i ble from the road1r1ay . SIGNI f ICA:NCE Important as a remf nder of one of the last mejor rU3hes in the shire. Also one of the few built items from mining around Bealibe and the old Cochrene'.s rush ares. This is a reminder of the sometime' i rrten3ive mining activity in the west of the .sm re; mo3t of the mining reli~ are lomed to thee~ of the ~hire of Bet Bet. LOCAL SIG~llFICANCE Source: Express .various date3 191 3-1915. SITE LISTINGS 109 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO PIJi'lt.{f/A l IMlTll?t' SITE LISTINGS 1 10 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUO'Y VOLUME TWO ARCHDALE BRIDGE LOCATION: PARISH Of ARCHDALE NATMAP 23/20.8 RUNS WEST FROM THE JUNCTION Of THE ARCHDALE-DUNOLLY RD . AND THE AVOCA- BEALi BA RD. BUILDER: EDWARD BUTCHER DATE: 1863 MAJOR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DESCRIPTION Spa0$ the Avoca R1ver on the St.Arnaud - Dunoll IJ Road( the Stuart Mill Road at Dunluce). Crosses the river at Archdale. Humped bridge Ylith long graduated approach from both the Bet Bet and the Kara Kere ends. The br1dge tl83 -wooded detki ng end 'Wooden rough- he'wn supporti no frame. Side rans are also in wood end there are decorated entrance posb at the entrance to each end of the bridge. HISTORY The Avoco proved e forrmdeble to both farmer' and minera in the 1860$. Local re$1dents in Kara Kara more often than in Bet Bet ettacKed local po11tica11e3ders for thet r f81 Jure tocre881 cJ1 rect li nks wH h the outside "°rld. Agttatto n r~ uUed on plaM for a brid SIGN! FICA NCE One of many bridges with "Wooded decld ng in the state but one of the few 'w'ith raised or humped form. The bridge hes evidence in 1ts supports of hand construction by broad axe. One of the essential vorlcs for twns in the area ..,.ere bridges across principal streams such as the Avoca River. This bridge formed an important link bet\r/ee n the s hi re and St Arnaud. In later l)e8rs of land seJecti on it fll led a great need. As one correspondent for the Meryboro~h Advertiser pointed out 'roadl~, bridge less, ne\Vspaperless' communities need such links to survive. The correspondent .....ent on: 'what the people \e'ant is to get to the other side of the Avoca in the first place and anljW'here their bu3i ness takes them after'w'ards'. The earlv form of local qovernment were often Road Boards and the St.Arnaud Road Di$trict Boerd had been elected expre~3ly to construct $UCh e bridge. The bridqe then stands as a remnant of this early local endeavour and local polltical life. STATE SIGNI f ICANCE Source: Maryborough Advertiser, 1861-1863 SITE LISTINGS 111 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ·~:-:- -~~ ·.~·?:/': ·~i~~~~~)"·· ... ~ .·... ~~ .. . . ; ' ~~~~~:~~~~.:~~~ SITE LISTINGS 112 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DISCHARGED SOLDIER SflTLEHEllT HOHE LOCATION: PARISH OF ARCHDALE -/90A NATMAP: 29.1It7.2 LOCATED 0.3 KS. FROM THE EASTERN BOUNDARY Of THE ALLOTMENT TO THE SOUTH-WEST Of THE INTERSECTION OF THE ARCHDALE-DUNOLLY RD AND THE BEALi BA STH RD. DATE: 1924 MAJOR OWNER: GORDON, JAMES l>ESCRI PTIOH S1ngle-$1orev, flve roomed timber house. Verandah on three '1des. The house has a brick chimney and is built to one of the lerger closer nttlement designs. The house is se1 f n e 99rden of exotfc &hruba. Several orfo1nal farm shed! are in evidence. The house is butlt to a stenderd design. HISTORY The homestead ws built on only one of t..-o allotments tnto ¥hich the "Benjamin Estate' was subdfvtded. The Closer Settlement Board acqutred the estate 1n 1921. Brothen Georoe end James (ex-Alf) f)890tfeted for thfs land end after takif'l9 up the farm, <;eoroe sold out to Jeme$. SIGNI f ICA NCE The house ''only one of M such purpose butlt soldier settler's hoUMS in the shire. It repreaents 111 movement ¥h1ch ...,h11e mt nor in thb shire, '18' one of the key events 1n twnttrrth- centurv Austra11an lend settlement. It 1s '10n1ffcant es a local remf nder of this broader process. LOCAL SIGNIFIC4\fCE Source: Soldier settlement files . Information from Gordon family. SI TF l !STINGS 113 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO 8fl6tAl/PERSEYEIMll:E ttllf LOCATION: Pit.RISH OF !ARP NATMl\P: 38.4119 REACHED VIA THE BELGIAN TRACK WEST OF THE INTERSECTION WITH PHELPS TRACK. THE SITE LIES IN THICK FOREST TO THE SOUTH Of GOLDSBOROOOH Mlf>-WAV BETWEEN GOLDSBOROOOH AND THE STUART MILL RI>. DESCRIPTION Atmell dem l1es nearest to the road. On 1 steep \looded slope runnt ng to the aouth of the dim an remnenb of other mine wrlcinp. The principal emongst thelt areacettered and re-wrked tail1np, an open cut area and smeller shlfb pert1anv filled .. HISTORY The Belgian Rush brought nri•rs into thia area in the 1850s. 89 1860 monv tm moved on and lest then ten cletma wre wrted succellfull von the Belotan ar.t Perseverance Reefs. A rush toot place 1n 1865 end 1'866 v1th several large nuggeta being uncovered. Smell parties continued to wrt on the Belcpan and Ptnewrence Reefs in th& following decade. Amo,.t them were Pike and Co. vho vho had crusr.t 300 tons for 60 ounces in March 1872.ln 1881 and 1882, the Belgian and Peraeveranc.Compenv took up much of'the reef on teese and in 1882 sent a sheft to 120 feet, vith a 11COnd theft to a depth of 65 feet et the south end of the Perseverance Reef. Host of the vtsi ble re mat ns aeem to be the resultt of the ..-ork of thii compenv. Tt. mine appeered to be wrked for SMJnl l}eers after that dote but vith tittle real return. Later ettempta et open cutttnv kept some return coming in but bv the end of the 18809 it appeared thst mtntng operettons here had ceaed. SIGNIFICA~E The tmportance of the tite der1ves from the range of mining re11ca visible t n the one location. The m1ne site rweels evidence ofvarled attempts at vtnning oold and repreaenttl probebl\I roore then other sitet 1n the aht re, the chl,.Png techniq• applied to the one lease over the later dec*9ee of the nineteenth centurlJ. The dlm9iws en edcied interest to the mining lendlcape. LOCAL SIGNIFICAJCE source: gvorted u reoorts. m1ni111 nmuu: SITE LI STINGS l i 4 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LI STlNGS 115 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SCEIT FARl1 LOCATION: PARISH OF BARP 13/E NATMAP: 35/16.5 ON THE WEST SIDE Of SCENT FARM RD. AT THE JUfiCTION WITH DUf«)LLY·STl.IART Mill RD. AND ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE DUNOLLY-STUART Mill RD. MtUJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE: 1891 DESCRIPTION Nothino remains of the Scent Ferm . The site 1s nO'w' open farmland "1th no machineru or build;ng remnanb visible. Occa:sfonelllJ remnants af the plantil'IG' nwer by the roadside. The area does have some s19ns of laa.1-out of beds even though bunt remr.ents h8ve gone. HtSTORV In 1889 fra~1s Mellon a locel vt ne-grcrwer. convt rad the Department of AQrlc ult ure to locate an exper1 mental herb fer m 'liltht n tho shire. B\I 18 94 t\t'enty ~res af the or1o1nal 1000 acres hed been planted -.1th e r&nQe of herbs. Mellon conttnued to exper1 ment \#1th techniques for extract1 nQ perfume but the acheme never 'w'On support from small farmers. In 1899 the V8U end d;stilling equipment 'a'8S broken up and moved to the Leo~ha Labour Colony. SIGNlflCAtcE The Scent Farm \fas an tnnovet1ve attempt to diver3ifv the producb of 1oce1 and Victorian farms. The failure of the scheme noMthstanding, it reflects the l"*Jfnation of some local men and the vt111nonm of government officials to experiment 'with ne\i products. While nothing aurvfves to be pro1ected on the site, 1t ought to be recorded by af gnposti nv and the pla ntl ,. vh1ch have gro-w n \iild ought to be protected. LOCAL SIGNI f ICAJCE Source: Iwn and Countrg JourQIJ. 16 March I 895. 111 unrated A!JStral1an Nevs; 1 December 1893. SITE LISTINGS 1 16 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO FARMHOUSE UbTION: PARISH OF BEALIBA NATMAP: 28.2 26.2 TO THE tllRTH-WEST Of THE TOWN Of BEALi BA ON THE SOUTH SIDE Of THE ST ARNAUD DUJ«llLY RD APPROX. 0.75 FROM BEALIBA DATE: 1918 MA.JJR OWNER: RINALDI DESCRIPTION Laroe farmhouse 1n broct, iron roof, verandah on t'w'O sf des. Wooden fret'w'Ork on upper ptllars of verarmh aupporb. LarQel uobscured bu Q&rden. SIGNIFICAICE Alaroe farmhouse built to a bUl'\981W ~fon. The verandah decorative wrk is unuiual for the shire. the 9tnere1 style fa one unueual fn the shire and in most of rural Victoria. tb 'tontf1ce~ derives from th1' s1ylts11c rare~. LOCAL SIGNIFICAr«:E MftfllJllSll!E;Y.lfM 11 7 SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO BARUTO/ICIDSTOI FARM COMPLEX lOCATION:PARISH Of BEAlfBA NATMAP: 26/25.6 TO THE WEST OF BEALIBA, ON THE SOUTH SIDE Of THE ST. ARNAUD -DUNJLLY RD. TO THE EAST OF THE JUrcTlON WITH THE EMU-ARCHDALE RD DESCRIPTION Avaried farm compln vfth M houses, one timbered 'tt'ith return verandah and tropn venndeh YOrk. The second end older cht'elling mud br1ck or pise with render. Well kept oarden and farm vard, \t'tth drop slab barn end lOQ $hecb. Pbe m11kfng shed end ond. Sevenl fencn In slob end rail. The fermhouae hea e ce11er and 'w1ner!J HISTORY Orlof nall\I selected b!J Kicbto°' in the 186Cb. Their howe burned dwn al'Mf ...as rebu11t bv the Baruto fem11\I ~ho operated the farm as a vf nerv and built vf neru sectfont of the complex. SIGNlflCAN:E An exceptionanv ~ell me1nte1ned farm complex. the construction of the older house is 1nteresting and unusual eapecf all uvtth the eddltton o1 the Yi ner1,1. M<0re si9n1flcantl v the ranoe of sheds end fencil~ ion the propert\I are extremel u unusual , especiall v es they are lept t n a 90od state of repair. STATE SIGNIFICA~E 118 SHIRE OF BET BET: VOLUME TWO /MRurtl.··X'l!JSTQNlllRt/llJUSl 119 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSER VATI ON STUDY. VOLUriE T'WO TUHSTALLS TOWN LOCAT ION: PARISH OF BEAU BA NO. SEC. NATMAP: 25.2128 LOCI.TED ON A TRACK RUNNING NORTH FROM THE ST. ARNAUD-DUNOLLY RD., 0.3 KS FROM BRIDGE OVER COCHRANES CREEK . TUNSTALLS IS 3.5 KS . FROM THIS ROAD JUNCT ION. DESCRIPTION Tunstalls to'w'nshi p no longer exists-. Vet there are signs in the clearing of the bush and indications of building and ~reet lav-out of a 'mall settlement. Around the town site ere many remnant& of alluvial mining activity. These include several unfilled 3h8fb perhaps 9 to 12 metres deep, hHped 3011 extracted from these shefb and s1gns of trench1 ng and puddH ng. HISTORY In March 1867, 1500 miners worked on the fields at Tunstalls. Hining surveyors reported that returns from this field were patchy and that while some miners IJ)t QOOd "'*'other 'Were ~ruggling . By the end of June the nreh only supported 800 miners and blJ December only 400 'Were left on the field. Tunstalb decll ned quickly after tllat and apart from a fN prospectors 'w'aS deserted by the 1870s. Miners returned to the ares in the Jeter nhleteenth century and in the early t'w'entieth century. SIGNIFICANCE Significant Me rush d8t1~ from the 1860s nrther then the 1850s. This history ;s recollected fn the remnants of alluvial mining around the twnship site. The twnshi p site tras a 3ign1flcance e8pecia1l 9 as there 1s little phystcsl evidence left. The very abunce of buildinq remains testifies to the overni91'1t character of the trwn, typic!l of so many al1uvial mining twns in the shire. LOCAL SIGNI ff CANCE Source: gua rte rl YE oorts, mini M.!Y.l:i!Y2.C· S1TE LIST INGS 120 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TllNSTi41.LS T/JWN SITE LISTINGS 121 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BEALIBA RAIGE-ttOUIT BEALIBA LIXATION: PARISHES OF BEALi BA AND PAINSWICK AND BARP NATMAP: 31/2!TO37.5117.5 RUNS NlRTH-WEST TO SOUTH-EAST BETWEEN SCENT FARM RD. AND ST .ARNAUD RD., GENERALLY PARALLEL TO SCENT FARM RO. THE NlRTHERN PEAK OF THE RANJE LIES 4.4 METERS SOUTH-EAST OF BEALIBA. THE SOUTHERN END OF THE RAt«JE LIES 5.6 METERS WEST Of DUt«lLLV. DESCRIPTION Landform feature 'oa'hich ~hich has shaped settlement patterns W'tthi n the sht re. The Bee11 be Range rises to 446 meters at fts northern-most pot nt. The ridge runs south-eeaterlu et 400 meters end falls to 328 meters eboYe the Dunolly-Stuert Mill Rd. The rallC)e ts heavil uvooded for most of 1b lenoth. SIGNI FICA,.;E Along Yith Mt. Hooghli.i this re191s a pr1 net pal land-form feature in the slri re. It has been historically siQnificant in that the road pattern at the shire and the Unb to the 'w'9sl have been laroel vQOVerned b\I this landform. The ranges around the petk hew been used for 'a'ood get he rt ng end tleeper cutting Ii nee the nineteenth centuru. The peak fs important for fts dominant presence in the lermcape. the forests are important becaam the part thev have plaved in ta11ndtmrv. The scentc tmportance at the St. Arnaud-Dunonv Rd. lerQel\I derives from the neerbv Bee11ba Range. LOCAL SIGNIFICA~E lllAUIM WR SITE LISTINGS 122 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DUKE EXTEIDED HI IE LOCATION: PARISH OF BET BET 14, 13/4A NAT~P: 42.8/7.6 AT THE INTERSECTION OF l"Ct::ENZIES ROAD ANO THE BET BET-BROMLEY RD. SITUATED ON THE SOUTH -WESTERN CORNER OF THE INTERSECTION DESCRIPTION M1ning dump cownno the larveat area of env in the $htre. It extends along McKenzie's Road for severel hundred meters and ta v1stbte for aome distance on the flat plei na of thts pert of the shire. The tam noa heve been re-W"Orked sew rel timea and there en remains of cyanidtC't9 vats tn the centre of a loroel" re--worbd area. Parts of the mtne dump have been removed and w1th1n the centre Of the &urvtvino heaps there i& oleroe hollwed-out area. HISTORY The Dulce Compenv \iere tM1olved in several mines 1n· the nmor area. The pr1nc1pe1 1ntereat of the companv appeared to lie outstde the shire and .abereooldere ploued e for lest stQn1flctnt part in 1oca11tfe than df rectors of mtnea fn Terr189u1la or Goldsborough. The Duke Extended mtne continued to opente fnto the twentieth centurv. The mine va referred to et e deep all W1e1 rn1 ne vhtch ts unuauel for thte shire. At one steoe the m1n1rw;i company "1thed to dig e dr1ve under the main Horvboro~h Raihr·e~ ltne but vent out of business before doing so. SIGNJ f ICAPl:E Duke Extended 11 t10n1ficant tn the dominance Of ns landform; 1t ta the principal leodecepe feeture 1n the 90uth-wat of the th1 re dom1 net1 no the flet approechea to Dunol1\j. Its cuamd1no remefna add to the importance of the a1te. LOCAL SIGNIFICAPl:E Source: Quor1frl u reoorb,.m!DinO.llm..W!· Defunct companv papers CITC I l ~ T l t-.. 1~~ 123 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO mRTH DUKE MllE LOCATION:PARISH Of BET BET 1J7A NATMAP: 42.8/06 TO THE SOUTH OF THE BET BET-BROMLEY RD. AND ON THE BANKS OF THE BET BET CREEK. THE HINE SITE IS 200 METERS FROM THE ROADWAY APPROX. 1.6 KS. SOUTH OF THE INTERSECTION OF THE BET BET-BROMLEY RD. AND f'l:KENZIES RD. DESCRIPTION Several ta11tng heaps 'with evtdora o1 rewrkino. There ere brick footinQS possibly of crusher or botler. Tbe pnnctpal feeture of the site ts the bl1Je$tone"tiatl 'w1th arched 'w1ndo'w supported bv reme11'1$ of side -.ans. This ts po$Sible the surv1vtnQ wn of en enQine room. It is epproxtmate11J ten meters in height and is formed from laroe blueatone blocu. The entrance to a mfne sheft ts vtstble nearbv, even tho~h the' shaft'* been fllled. Some br1ck and metal fragments scattered on the site. HISTORY The North Dute COmpanv( Leese no.4441) 'tr'8S formed in 1890 and cont1 nued operet1on throUIJh to 1900. While not one of the rncm important rm nes in the shire, this neYertheless formed a part of an extensive stptem of mines follwf no the course of the Bet Bet Creek. The prl ncl pal m1ne on th1s field yas the Grand Duke Yh1ch lies just oub1de the boundar1ees of the shf re. SIGNI f JCAtcE Thta 11 a later example of locel mfn1no and to ia significant f n r8presenting the last ere of n1Beteenth century m1n1ng tn the shire.It is the ontv m1ne in the aree Yith such suimanttal buildi no re mat ns end f$ '1gntflcant because it allO'w'S us to oet some f nsf ght 1nto the quemv and extent of buildings erected by mtmno companies. While other mines in the shire once hid extensive structures around them, much smeller remnants remain. The North Duke mine fs important ~use of the remnante of mf ne bu11dlfl9S and the proximity of the tam no heaps 'a'htcb permit some sense of the scale of mini no endeavours, even those detino from the end of the nineteenth centurv. LOCAL SIGNIFICAICE Source: Defunct company papers. SITE LISTINGS 124 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 125 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO BET BET SCHOOL LOCATION: BET BET TOWNSHIP NATMAP: 45.5110.4 APPROX. 200 METERS TO THE EAST Of THE DUf()LLV-MARVf!OROOOH RD. ~TTHE BOUNDARY OF THE SHIRE IN URBAN BET BET MitJJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE: 1913 DESCRIPTION Former school: an unusual construction tvpe ¥btch appears to be piae or concrete ,disti ngmahes thia tvpicel EdwrdiaA Dutch- h1 pped achool houee from may similar usuanv ....therboarded school$ elswhere in V1ctone. Mtoor details such a chi mneg caps 9Ul)gnt the date of the bmldi nlJ. HISTORY The Bet Bet achool opel*I et Grant'a Brid98 in 1875. It opened du rt no the period in 'w'hlch the Bet Bet tO'w' naht p ..,. still en i mportent mi lri no centre end 'w'hen the twn and the locel ferma could austein the achool. The flm claaes wre held tn the Bet Bet Hotel. from 1888 a l)OWrnment portable Ya u.I. The present bulldt ng deacrt bed • concrete._.. erected t n 1913. In 1911 the achool attracted attention becauee 1t hid become overcrO'w'ded and thta butlctt nv was no doubt the result. Yet, bV 1948, enrolments had dvi ndled to seven pupils. The achool cloaed tn 1948. SIGNI FICAICE I mportent • a remnent of a 011:e flouristri no twnabi p. Onl g t'w'o other .structure$ surtvi w on the Bet Bet side of the twnsbi p. It ts e remnant of a onct flour1sh1 no mini no Ind farming communitV. LOCAL SIGNIFICAICE Source: J Alderson, Bet Bet:tbo orwtb and 'w1therlna of a rurtl £Qmmun1tu, Havelock 1984. SITE LISTINGS 126 SHI RE OF BET BET C•)NSERVA.TION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BET BETgtgJt SITE LISTINGS 127 SHIRE OF BET BET CON SE RVAT I Ot~ STUDY: VOLUME TWO OSAGE ORANGE HEDGE LOCATION: PARISH OF BET BET 9F, A/78 NATMAP: 38.9/06 ON EAST SIDE OF CUSHENDON LANE TO THE SOUTH OF WATER COURSE (EMU CK.);1 K. FROM INTERSECTIONWITHTIHOR-DUNLUCE RD . PRINCIPAL OWNERS : MCKINLEY FAHILY DESCRIPTION Thick hedge af ossge orange ( /18t:lur8 eurantilJC8 ) tret8 surrounding field. Entrenee gate in the North-'w'est cor~r . The hedge b planted closely and forms a \Lllnd break or barrier to stod. Fw gaps in the plantings. HIST ORV Thought to have been planted at some ti me in the nineteenth century 83 a hedge surrounding a ne'w' planting of vine3. The McKinleys along 'With other local farmers took an i nteres't in wine- grovi rig. The nearby land-0\v'ner Patrick Costello 'Wes a great promoter of the-wine industry in the shire. SIGNIFICANCE Survivi nq remnant of an important Jocal industry. It is one of the fe\11 links 11ith nineteenth ~ntury vigneroM to survive in the shire. As well ft makes an un~ual landform feature and a unique element in toul ~tic plantings. The Osage Orange 1s no lonQer a common garden 3pecies. Even 1n the nineteenth century, extensive planti ncp such as this -were not C1Jmmon.Th1' htdQe is larger then many other Osage Orange plantings in Victoria. The plant has been identified in Maldon and ~ome parts of suburban Melbourne. Vet the design of th1s h.ecJ9e aooears to be exceptional. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Botenie&l information, Boteny School, Mo~h University. Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Trees and gardens from the g.oldmi ni Mfil,n.d. Melbourne. SITE LISTINGS 1 28 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY. VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 129 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO LIMESTONE RESERVE LOCATION: PARISH Of BET BET NATHAP: 39.5/11 TO 4219.7 ALONG THE COURSE or THE BET BET CREEK BETWEEN 7C/78, 12, 138/38 RUNNING AL01t1 THE COURSE Of THE CARMANUEL CREEK FROM THE BRIOOE ON THE DUNOLLY-Tlt1)R RD. TO THE BRIDGE ON THE BET BET-MT.HOOGHLY RD.AND FOR 200 METERS ALO~ THE CR£EK BED TO THE NORTH-WEST Of THIS BRIDGE. DfSCRI PTION Pictur~ue creek v-alleu runninq 1hrough open farming countr~ Vlith BooHb3 Range to the north-~ end Mt. HooQhly to the north-W"est At paints along the creek ares rw scattered remains o11lmeMburn109 beds. :~'.STORY Umeburni nq .._,&S carrted on by selectors in the area for .some ti me duri 09 the 1860s and 18703. Several lime kilns in the Ti mor area supplioo mortar for btrild1 "* 1n Dunoll y. The Re~rve oave ri~ tCJ a bitter dispute at the end af the 1870s \f'hen its ind!J3tr1a1 use ceased &nd local select.ors squabbled over too right to farm the reserve. SIGNIFICANCE Vfhilt there are fe"'1! mster1el remains of the local Hme i f'ldu3tr~, the location 1tself ls i mportsn1 81 a rem1 nder or a local l r.dustrv aoo ont 'w'hich pli!ved some P3rt in sh8ping buildings in the sMre. It i~ seeondlq imPQ1isnt 9' en eXbmple of the 'w'SIJ in 1.VMch selector~ extel!ded their 'Vork into 1ndwtr1al pusoits. Arguments over vhat "13:) to be done 'w'ftll the lend after the decline of 1i me burning iodi~e$ sometM~ of 1he ri'f'elriet "Which could erls-e bet LOCAL SlGNIFICAHCE SITE Ll$TiNGS 130 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO FARM AND FARM OUTBUILDltlSS LOCATION: PARISH Of BET BET 513A NATMAP: 42.1/9.6 ON THE EAST SIDE Of TH£ OUNJLLV-Tlf"(}R RD. TO THE SOUTH Of THE BRIDGE OVER THE CARMANUEL CK . DESCRIPTION Timber fsrmhouse, 'with verandah in poor condition} 'Yi~ removed and damage to cladd1r.;J. The building rm a brick kitchen &t the rear end on the site are several filrm outbuildiOQ3 f n reuonable coooition, elthotHJh oone oove been rrlffintai~ for a co113iderable time. Some f8rm rMChiner9 (dis~ed) in the ~ite. HISTORY On a block first selected under the 1865 land ect the property P8$~ through ~ere1 hancb before bei09 acquired bu De Gourley, one of the farmers ...,ho acqu1 red a stri 09 o1 smeller settlement blocb i o the lie.stern parts of the shire. SIGNI f ICAfC£ The C-Ollection of build1 ngs represe.rrts e pha~ in land selection. The common practice 1n the shlre of building brick lcitchen and rear to fermoouses sod timber front rooms csn be ~n in this build1 no. M .,,..ell the nn LOCAL SIGNI flCAN:E fAR!1. C1'Rf'MNUEL CK SITE LISTINGS 131 SHI RE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO STATE SCHOOL m.949 Tlt10R WEST LOCATION: PARISH OF BET BET ALLOT . ~ 178 NATf'MP: 39.SJS.1 APPROXI MAT EL v2 KS. NW. Of THE TOWN OF Tl f'IJR AT THE I HTERSECTION or THE BET BET-Tl '1JR WEST AND DUNL l.CE ROADS. IT STANOS BETWEEN THE BET BET AND LI ME Kl l N CREEKS, ON THE ORIGI HAL SHEEP RUN Of' ALFRED .JJYCE KEY OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE; 1869 DESCRIPTION Ared-br1ct tingle storev butldlng buttt to a form stmner totbatof o1her common schools. The metn cl•room hid MYtnl vtndwt and• blactbolrd. Part of one wan hes collepeed and epart from the blackboard most of the interior ftttfnp have been removed. WindoYs end the clooNag hll¥e been rernowd. A stand of eucet11ptus trees runs alongside the sctmol. It is rw used es a farm stor199shed. HISTORY Earl" 1n 1868 a committee of t.wer Wereek residents appl1ed to the Board of Edl£1tion for a 9rent to •tt them 1n esteb11 shi ng a common school. Moat of theae perenta wrlced 1n dlrir yt ng or lime burrring 1n the aix kilns in the area. Plans for a school 'it'tre approwd in 1869. The building (35 x 1B fl) was ope,.. in 186~ and Mtcheel Heronu beven teech1nv cloaes in Mat.1 1869. The achool ¥U deacri bed es aa t s1 ngle- roomed buildt ng ...tth one door ,brick chi mnelJ tnd fl replace. The Board of Educat1on purchesed ltnd fore school houae in 1873 and later purcha9ed land for tree plentt ng. While the 1i me kil nt created the i n1ti1l demand for the school , local far men 11 ke the Htckeys wre t nstrumentll in promoti ntJ the eert ut nterats off the school. The Htckevs vere amongst the lestpuplls 1n the West Ttmor School. Dec11ntng enrolments et the end of the Second World Wer meent thet perenb wre asked to aend pupi1' elw.ihere end the school closed in 1943. SIGMIFICAtCE Common schools surviw 1n sewral parts of Yictorie. There ere 10me int better condition than the West Timor school . Vet deaptte the deterioration of the building, the school still serves es the last survtvtng ltndmerk of the smell tndustrtal and fermtng·locale ofWest·Tfmor.Thts cotorn11 common tchool building ia a fltt1ng SIJmbol of e once thriving tettlement of vaung fem11ia. It ia a survivor from amonost aewral rural school but1d1 nos 1n the sbt re and es e common school clest9n the buildtntJ dates from an eerl vphase in the sbi re's tnstors.1. /9 entthe butldinp commun1t1J function make tt en important part of the shire's herit•. LOCAL SIGNI rlCAtCE Source; School files 1 edlation papers, Victorian Public Records Office , 7951449. SI TE LISTINGS 132 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS ,133 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY· VOLUME TWO MT HOOGHLY LOCATION: PARISH OF BET BET 29,32178 NATHAP: 36.8/ 10.5 TO THE SOUTH OF DUNOLLV~·1WOCA RD. SOUTH OF THE INTERSECTION OF DUNOLLY-AVOC'...A ANO HT. HOOGHLY-TIMOR RO . DESCRIPTION Natura11&ndform. Bore mountain ri~inq toe peak of 373 me1ers 'w'ith a second rise to 300 rooters to the $01Jth-east of the ma1 fl ~k. Several rocky outcrops on the sfopt to the 3outh. SIGNIFICANCE S!goif1canee e& tht pri nc1 pal 1endform feature 1n the 'We;rt of the shire end visible tbroUQh most of the perb of the.shire to tne 'w'est of DuMll IJ . .tllttlf§J:f.1%. r SITE LISTINGS 134 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HODEL FARt1 LOCATION: PARtSH Of DUNOU V F20/HO SEC NATMAP: 48.5/17 ON MODEL FARM RD APPROX 1.5 KS NORTH FROM THE INTERSECTION WITH THE DUNOLLV-EODINGTON RD. MAJOR OWNER: HANCOCK FAMILY DESC~H PTION A farm complex of buildi rl9$ in $Wer&t mflteri61s. At the centre of the complex is a broad gabled brick cottaqe 'With 'lllide bull- nosed E.d'>.ilerdian veraM.,h on the 501.i1h side. This is ornsmentf..d -vHh a sce11oped tf mber valence. Post and rail ferrci ng $Urviv~ around much of the house lP1r'd. There ere several Yertical s1eb buildi f19S on the propertv. At the rear of L .i'laf n house is a smaller and lover gabled kitchen '91'ing. This is almost comp '.~ ~ellJ det~hed and ha$ tYO broad chimneys ett3Ched. HISTORY The f't)del Ferm 'w'QS' devel~ped by the Hancock family> local contractors, 1n the 1870s. The farm 9upplied the $Urroundi ng district "*1th primary produce. As v.tell, in e decade in 'Which farming techniques 'w'ere -0ften rudimentary> the Model farm ~med to be run on far more efficient hoett than neighbouring 8election blocks. The Htiricccks developed a locil repu~ation es tidy end efficient farmers , SIJ(;ct~ful at intens;ve agriculture in an environment "Ir/here 30 mam~ others failed. tience the name, ~Model f~rm'. SIGN! FICANCE The Model Farm is important es e uniq1.1e C()1leetion of farm bui1diOQS. ft is also 1mportent in ttm it derool'l$1rat!s an um18•~11y s~ul effort if'I mneteerrth ~ntury fermi 1'19· Ju locel reputation q1V8$ the &ite an edded Importance. LOCAL SIGH! f ICANCE Sl TE LISTINGS ::J41',~At.... ~l... ~·..... ": · ·r... ' ...... ,; ..•.•;~ ; ·-=·~·-:-...... -.. <¥" -····-··· 135 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO TOPPE FAMI l Y FARM LOCATION: PARISH OF DUNOLLY HATMAP: 47.5116 OH THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE DUNOLL'T'·EDDINGTON RD) 0.5 KS TO THE WEST Of THE INTERSECTION WITH MODEL FARM RD DESCRIPTION Hipped roof, poS3ible mudbrtck or ~tone cctfo98, with a deep verandah on the mt facs erid on the °"est a q3bled brick end mudbric~ stt3CMd vi ng 1tttrich graduate$ to a t1 mber sklmon. At the rear is & qabJ~ mudbrick outbtrlldi 09. Palm trees on the ~t face prcr\lide $Oliit exotic c:t~rtitter to t'ln otherwi~ Mtive env1ron. \¥Mt disti riguishes the house is the fi oe pierced sod scan.oped vslerice to ttie verandah. Further to the e~st) more exoUc ~rderi remains and s rubble freest(lfle and p15e outbuildi 09. SIGNIFICANCE The bu11dt~ ls ~gn1ficant bet.au~ of ttie verandah detailing. The gardens arid outbuilding edd to the interest of the er rangement of bui1di nqs end land. An unu~ual buildi09in en totere~ting setting. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE ... _ - ... ---- 136 SH!RE OF BET BET CONSERVATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO WILD DOG DIGGINGS LOCATION: PARISH Of DUNOLLY. AREA TO THE WEST OF9/B NATMAP: 46.5/15, 46.9/14 THE SITE LIES TO THE SOUTH OF DUNOLLY- EOOI NGTON RO. AND APPROX . 2 KS . WEST OF JUNCTION WITH MIDDLE RD. THE AREA RUNS SOUTH IN SECTION 3-4C TO THE BURNT CK., INCLUDING 1C. DESCRIPTION Serit$ of shafts end tarn ng:& through fort$t fTlO't of 'vlhich have not been filled and ...,hi ch have not been 'vlork.ed si nee ori gi n.a 11 y dug. Several oft he3e are round shafts i ndiceti ng that they have ~n dug by CM nese alluvial miners. The shaft! contf nue acros,- the \\lhole of the site. For the most pert they are less then 8 meters deep and earth extracted from the shafts ia still hesped slo'*1de the sh8fb. The are.a is lightly timbered and in some parb these shafts have been rNOrked. Thi3 has occurred 1~~ frequently on this field then in other perts of the shire. HISTORY In August 1860, the Ouno11 y mining surveyor reported e sma11 rU3h to the W1ld Dog are.a. The field remained small 'w'1th only 70 miners as agaf nst 400 at Tarnagulla and 500 at Dunolly. Later, diggers returned to the field and in the 1870$11 appeared to have become one of the key Chinese mini nq areas of the Shi re. The Wi Id Dog 1ead had been fo110'w'ed by Chi nese miners from the large camps 'Yhich had spru"9 up along the Burnt Crek during the 1860s. Many Chinese minen appeared to W'Ork claims at Wild Dog 'w'hile conti nu1 ng to live in the Chinese camps near BromJey. The field~ not appellr to have been especially rtch. Compared to other local prospecting areas, the Wild Dog diggings attracted little ettention from European m1ners and as the Chinese left the shire to-wards the end af the n1 neteenth century, many of their claims were left untouched. Neverthelm, if shafts withs rectangular form are the \orork o1 European miners, perhaps one third of the field '¥183 'tlorked over by non~Chi ne3e. SJGNI FICAN;E The spacinQ of shafts end lay-out of this field reflect the intention of the 1854 Mining Legislation. T~e re1,JulatioM establi$hed the right of small i ndividusl operators or partnerships to mine a claim, 24 feet by 12 feet; for t'Wo men,24 by 1a feet; for three 24 square feet Wherea' most sh8110'w' diggings In the shtre have been fflled or re-'w'orked, these diggings remain much as thev 'Were when originally dug in the t 850s and 1860s . Many of the shafts are circular indicating that they 'vlere dug by Chinese. The diggings demonstrate the lay-out of early mini no field' which played so great 8 role in not only shaping this shire but for mi~ tht history of th.e 3tate of Victoria. They are el so an imp.orient reminder of the role of CM nese miners in Bet Bet . In addition, 'While the sh1 re constant! y attracted the small pr0$pector, fe'l/ of t llese surfate diggings remain in the condition of the unfilled s hefts end surviving taili~s of Wild Dog. STATE SIGN! FICAr«:E Source: CJ.& L. file,85/3743. ExRress., 1863- 65. SITE LI ST INGS 137 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ..... • II '''>.,--·~ ,,~~;" • .· 77: ..,/: A•• '· -ft:. ~~-- .. .. . -""'~ ~ ~ ... ' ..... ~ ., .. ,...... ; ~ .,.- .....: Sl TE llSTlNGS l3P SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO OlD lEAD-6ERt1AN GULLY t111E WORKINGS AND OLD LEAD DAt1 LOCATION: PARISH Of DUNOLLY, PARISH OF PAtNSWICK DUNOLLY 15C/f; PAINSWICK 8,9}JA, l C 12, 13, 18,21It3 NAT MAP: 43.6118.8 TO 44120 TO WEST Of DUNOLLV-RHEOLA RD RUNNING NORTH FROM THE CROSSING OVER THE DUNOLLY-INGLEWOOD RAILWAY LINE. THE NORTHERN END , OLD LEAD DAM IS IN THE PARISH OF PAINSWICK DESCRIPTION Series of shalloW' diggings elong road'w'ay vi th si9M of mounds and remains of other forms of allwfal gold 'w'Orkinqs. Old Lead Dam consists of esrthen embankment 'With concrete spill'w'8y and 'W'Ster race leading under ro&dw'ey. HISTORY The German Gun y end Old Lead areas w-ere aroongst the first of the major rushe3 into the Shi re. Minen wrked the area in lafle numbers travelling to the Wet Diggings at Avoca before returning in 1856. At one stage 7000 men \t'Orked on thi-s field. For much of 1856, large nuqoets 'w'ere found here and out of this scramble for gold emerged the twn of DunolhJ. By the 1860s this Old lead area h8d become a Chinese min1ng field. In 1864 there -were still 122 miners on the Old Lead. In 1866 this number h8d risen to 400. The Old Lead Dam ._.as the first attempt at providing 1 'w'8ter supply fort~ tO'w'nshi p of Duno11y. The contractor AH Amos built the dam in 1860. Water "Was ta~n from here into Dunoll !I by cart. SIGNI f ICAN:E Significence Hes in the relatively intact remnants of landforms created by these rushes end the role of thfs field in creaii no the tO'w'nshi p of DunolhJ. The field also retains some of the mounds and shafts from the 1850s digqinqs and so are important for their place in the tristorlj of the Shire and for the$e relll3ining remnanb of an early all uvtal field. They do oot have the seme degree of i ntacil'!e$S, nor are they as ~xtensive 83 those C1f Wild Doq. Yet in ternl3 of their role in shaping local sootety they are more significant. The Old Lead Dam itself is an i mportent re mi nde r of the early efforts et ci vie improve me rd . It sugqest3 some of the cons-tent difficultie$ 'With ... ater W'hich plagued mining fiel~ . LOCAL SIGNlflCAtcE source: tli!!ir!9 surveyo.L,j(usrterl yHP.Qrh SITE LISTINGS 138(ii) SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO 139 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HICICS f ARt1HOUSE LOCATION: Pt.RISH OF DUNOLLV NAT MAP : 47.1/13.6 ON SOUTH SIDE OF THE BETLEV ROAD APPROXIMATELY ONE K. SOUTH FROM BRIDGE AND DREDGING DAM. ABOVE THE ROAD ON A SLIGHT RIDGE. THE BUILDINGS ARE TEN METERS BACK FROM THE ROADWAY DESCRIPTION TW'o farm houses and attached 'w'ell and sheds. One of these farmhouses is W'eatherboard and the second and older bufld1'19 is mud brick. This mud brick building hes ruled stUCctl over the mud brick W"Slls. Both are formed on a simple rectilinear plan. The mud brick building h8! remnants of a verandah. W'ith rough cut posts. A verandah surrounds the 'w'e8therboarded house on three sides. The posts remain on the timber cottage end these no..., support elaborate metal ornamentation between each post. The older building is of mud brick 'w'ith rough cut verandah pom. A1 the rear of the timber house is an eerly rubble stone cottage, 'w'ith simple qabled roof and brosd ruble chimney. Further to the rear, remains o1 a rubble stone b8se and mud brick upper W'alls indicate that an outbuilding h8s been rebuilt. An outbuild1rig moreover of an early dtite compared to other structures in the shire. HISTORY These buildi 09' tippear to date from earl 9 in the 3hi re's history and they are in an area 'Where land "Was acquired before the land selection of the 18605 .PrinciP81 O'w'fler$ of the butldt 1'JQ in later years included Adderton and Hicks. The iron work on the verandah of the vea1hertxiord house i3 &ttri buted to Hicks. Hicks we:s a local black3mith. SIGN If ICANCE Taken together the two bu11dings form an intere3ting contrast suggesting the ; mprovement in quality of life end changes in building techniques of small farmer.s during the nineteenth century. The iron 'w'ork on the verandah is a unique example of loe31 i n(Jenuity end the 'W'ell and outbuildi fl9$ m8ke up a complex significant ~ a reminder of the lifestyles of the first farmers in the shire. The earlv date CJf some parts of the complex add to the stgniffcance of the site. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE source: Land$ dept parish plans and road meps. SITE LISTI NGS 14 0 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO \ .. SITE LISTINGS ' I 141 J SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BURNT CREEK NO. 1 11111E LOCATION: PARISH Of DUNJLLV 21,22/2 I NAT MAP: 49.S/ 12.2 TO THE EAST Of tllWARDS LA . ANO ONE KILOMETRE TO THE MlRTH Of BETLEY I TOWNSHIP. DESCRIPTION 1 LarQe dump of t811i ngs and shttle visible from BetJelJ RO&d. Vegitatton grovi ng on pert of Uris heap. Some areas heve been rNorked 8nd reveal a different, flatter rather than heaped laridform. The opening of the shaft i' stm visible 'with brick foundetions alonqside. A trsck lesds into the site from Hovard's La. HISTORY T~ Burnt Creek Company ;v·as formed in 1879 and in 1888, the Burnt Creek No. 1 mf ne be9en to Y"Ork on lees.e no. 4097. Mm of the principal investors in this mine vere men 1n Mar~boroUQh . The mine \las wrked through the 1890s end into the tventieth century. While the di r~ton al....eip promi3ed good return$, by the turn af the centur!J they had begun to expect more from the Burnt Creek No. Z mine. By 1913 'w'ork tn the shafts at the fiJ. 1 mine ceased and the company concentnrted on re-worki OCJ tailings in 191 4. Even this &etivity seemed to have ceased ....,i1hin a fev years. SIGNI flCA~E The mint dump end other remMnts are important ltil'ldm6rk fe3ture$. They are a reminder of the rich allwisl and sh8ft fields .elong the Burnt Creek and so form an 1mportant element in the local landscape and e symbol of the mining history af the shire. The location of the remei0$ make them visible and identifiable for some dfateoce. LOCAL SIGH! FICA.CE Source: Defunct company papers Quarterl y~~rts. Mini no Surveyqr SITE LISTINGS 142 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO DREDGIHG l>AH, 8ROl1tEY LOC~ TION: PARISH Of OU HOLLY 4: NATMAP: 45.6/14.2 ON THE BETLEY RD. 1 SOUTH Of DUNOLLY TOWNSHIP AT NORTH SIDE OF BR! DGE. DESCRIPTION D~m 'ltlith wme e1i1idence of mtne workinqs iTI $Urrounding forest. HISTORY Ore~t 09 b~Jlme e co mown w-..sns o1 eY.tr3Cti i1Q q 51Gt~! flCANCE Too dredgi!'!Q d&m i3 important because of its role in the l&ter mges of miniJ'l9. This ~m i' o~ l)f eevt:ir.81 nich landform feature' in the shire vhich remind 0$ of tt.fa lat.t pha$e of mini 09. LOCAL SlGNl FICANCE Source: R. Car1~~$, S~att~ll~l,..QQ.S~J!r.Q.mley 1868:.192.§ SITE 143 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BROt1LfY STATE SCHOOL LOCATION: PARISH OF DUtllllY 4i\ NATMAP: 45.4115 TO THE SOUTH-EAST Of TOWNSHIP Of DUPIJLLY TOWN BOUNDARY. BETWEEN MIDDLE RD. AND BETLEY RO. IMMEDIATELY WEST OF TH£ JUtcTION Of THESE TWO ROADS. MAJ)R OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT: FOOTER,WI LL IAM BUILDERS: FUNNEL, P DUNNE AND T VALJiHAN AND CALLAGHAN DATE: 1868 DESCRIPTION State achoo1 no. SS ia e ti mpl u-91bled rubble freestone achool oouae 'titth red brick quoin surrounds to open1nCJS. These opentnp hive generatty-~mented arched topa end tnclUde the nev Ttlior style metn "'1ndows in the mt end west face. One pointed arched opening survives next to the porch and chimney. An old Monterg pf ne t n the corner of the sitt auogesta the site of an eer11er plentt ng 1n en other.1• bare achool yard. Wfndo\n wre altered and e timber porch odded in 1916. Wi~ have been blocked on the south face and tbetr be ~tierboerd eddttfon to the north f1ce. HISTORY After opening• the Burnt Ck. A09lican tchool in 1857, thta non-denominational Common School opened t n1868. The school closed t n 1976. Amongst the pri net pal fi9ures essocieted with it YaS Toonm Flvnn wM taught here between 1883 and 1886. SIGNI FICAM:E The Bromlev State School, desptte 1b elteretions i1 ~11 a fl ne example of the building atvl• of the Common School period. It stends at the eentre of 'ihat""' once e major QOld- mt nt BG eree end hfla been for a lODG a toetel centre 1n tMt part of the shire. lb ege, styling end communel asaoc1et1ons mtke 1t one of the more t mportant butldt np t n the eree end stgntflcent at a broader level. STATE SIGNIFICAM:E Source: National Trust flle 3096. Y1sjon end rea11at1on. vol.2, p.431 . SITE LISTINGS 144 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 145 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SCHOOL RESIOEICE BETLEY(tllDDlE BRIDGE) 774 LOCATlON: PA.RISH Of DUP«lll V ALLOT: 31 IA BETLEY Off BET LEV RD TO THE MJRT HWITHIN 20 METE RS OF THE PARISH BO LINDA RY DATE:1913 MtVJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DecRtPTION Weatherboard end oebled reside~ 'with ettsched verandaft Hes df~inctiw carved brackets. Some old p1antil'i(j3. HISTORY M1dd1e bridge opened 1n 1864. This bulld1 ng repl~ t iie or1qf nal te8cher's midence in 1914. The school cl~ in 1971. SIGNiFICAICE A building 1n the same style as U.e r6$1denc:e at Goldsborough. Th1s fs en interesting example of twentieth centurv public architecture and e survivor from the once thrivi fWj ttrwn of Betley. LOCAL SlGNIFICltfCE 8Ell.EY TEACHER'SllJIJSE 146 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HINER·s COTTAGE BROHLEY LOCATION: PARISH Of DUl«lLLV ALLOT: ' a61 ~ NATNAP: 46.5113.3 APPROX 0.2 METERS SOUTH Of THE BETLEV RD TO THE SOUTH; LOCATED ON THE WEST Of THE OLD BROMLEY TOWNSHIP DATE: 19L10 (tJ BUILDER: MELTON, JOHN DESCRIPTION four-roomed, gabled timber Cl.)ttege. ~two ehimne~ of mud brick. S1ar'Mb in an orchard of some age. HlSTORY Built bv John Melton eerl y this century. A miner, he '1rf8S inspired b!I f rant;Ois Mellon to take up orcherdtng on his oold field block. SfGHI flCAtcE Sf9nificant es a lm creation of miners in this part of the shire. tmpo~nt for its links vi th orchard1 ng es 'w'ell. 0 ne of on1 y t'w'O bui ldl 1"1QS' left i n Bro mle9. Tht.s ·.. I' is older but tm been much altered. .'d'.I·~~ LOCAl SIGNIFICANCE BJfJ/1L Er aJTTAtiE .....< ...... "'-, ...... : - 147 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BROMLEY CEMETERY LOCATION: PARISH Of DUl«lllY NATMAP: 45.5114.S TO THE SOUTH Of THE BROMLEY RD AT THE BRIDGE OVER THE BURNT CREEK. THE CEMETERY IS TO THE SOUTH-EAST OF ATRACK LEAOlf«I OFF THE BROMLEY RD DATE: 1854(?) HAJJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DESCRIPTION Asmell cemetery fenced but 00\I surrounded by excavatiom. Bare 3011 and scrub tn mos1 of the cernetery Y'ith some 1'1'18"ive Mtive trees.Only a ft:w headstones but those that $Urvive are t n surpris1 ng1 IJ good condf tion. StGNlflCAtCE A"n&ll cemetery but OM \Itri ch forms cm ~ntf al Hnk 'with the 90ld- mf n1 ng ps$t of ttrb area. LOCAL SIGNt f ICAJCE B[(Jt-ll.EYCEt!ETE!(f' SITE I !STINGS 148 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SLAB HUT t10LIA6Ul LOCATION: PARISH OF 11'.JLIAGUL 9 Nf!IT~P: 37/30 SOUTH St DE Of THE BENDIGO· ST ARNAUD RD, TO THE M'lRTH OF THE l"ELIAGUL TOWNSHIP AND TO THE WEST Of' BfALIBA; TO THE WEST OF THE INTERSECTION WITH THE BEALi BA- '1lLIAGUL RD. DESCRIPTION A simple hipped tw'o-roomed pallng clad hut, vtth detached stone and br1clc chfmne1,t. The cladding consim of vert1ct1 slabs, neiled ~th teroe-heeded bend 'tiroUQht nails. later awn pa1i09' ccver straps nailed over the joinb. Adzed rectanouler section post$ trim the door\r'8V. The dressed joinery around the "1 r.:loYt hes been b8d111 eeten bV -..bite enta. SIGNIFICAJCE At one staoe ttiese simple d'-i9111np wre much roore common tn the shtre. canvas~ ptse end ala~ vere common buildiAg meterials 1n the oold fll$h and tend settlement period. t:al'IY8S structures 'Were the first to dbappeer and sewral pise or mud br1ck bu1ld1fl98 remain in the 'hire. These simple slab cottages are~ nre. The l~ion of this building near to the kelJ fOS$1cldng fields of Moliogul gives it an added interest. LOCAL StGNIf tCAICE SITE LISTINGS 149 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO FARHSH£DS LOCATION: PARISH Of r-llllM>Ul 1/8 NATNAP; 38.8130 LOCATED TO THE SOUTH Of THE BENDIGO-ST. ARNAUD RD. TO THE WEST Of ttlllAGUL DESCRIPTION Arw of thatched and open-sided ferm sheds supported on pole frames. Thatch'* been replaced and structure braced. HISTORY Thro~hout the shire end iOOeed 1n most of rurel Victorio, farm sheds like t~ vare a common site. Selectors ond O¥ners of lerge propertv used Uris 50rt of simple structure for a vanetu of farm purposes - as berna, stor81}9 sheds and m1tk1na shelters. Several oft~ sheds ere $till v18ible f n the strtre but the we of corrugated t ron const ructf on hat led to ~ of tt>am be1 no ebendoned. In ~rol ar• of Bet Bet the remains of shed cen be seen lesnino precarlouslv vith the thetch blackened aM fontng. T~ once common ete.menb of the farm1no 1sndsc8pe are f'IO'tt' 1er99lv redundant. SIGNJFICAfCE Whereas the$e sheds 'tiere once commonpl~ the\I are fe&1 disappearing. While manv $ieoo R09lected~ the $beds on this propertv are mainteined and form pert of an the operating envtronment of a farm. Thev are an 1mportant rem100er of the character of n1neteenth-C$nturv 1trm1ng. LOCAL SIGN! f'ICAM;E fifKf(SHEI§, 11lllA/lUt SITE LISTINGS 15 0 SH I RE OF BET BET CO NSERV .A.T ION STUDY: VOLUME TVIO MOLIAGUL MOLYBDENITE HI NI NG CO. LEASE LOCATION: PARISH Of MOLi AG UL Ml NI NG LEASES 6032 AND 6036 23 C / 16 NAT MAP: DUNOLL V 36.5/33.0 TO NORTH-WEST Of TO"t'INSHIP OF MOLIAGUL, NORTH Of THE SUMMIT Of MT . MOLIAGUL 1 l K. Off THE HOU AG UL- RHEOLA RD . DATE: 1916 DESCRIPTION ~mains of excMtio~ at various poi rrts on the leas.e 1 trenches end shallw shafb spread through the site. The sMfts ere in parts belJOnd the border of the shire 1 but suffici ent remain~ survive 'w1 thi n the 3h1 re to w-orrant consf deretion for coll3ervat1on controls. HISTORY Represent! en u.nwual venture in mining ss*1ated vi th the First World War . Pure molybdenum is one of HWra1 rare minerals used n mirdeners in making 'special ~eels' for armament&. Bet-ween 1914 and 19 ta tfl1a metal 'w'at valued at £600 per ton. J Nankerville Dunn and WP OQ11v1.e peoged leases in t 916. By 1917 they employed s1x men .et the '1te. By 1919 the compeny 'w'&S declared void 'Without having found molybdenite. The matertal was intended for use in 'w'ar materials and by 1919 the end of the ftn~t World War made the venture redundant. Yet, even before then mi ners found a better sup pl y of the ml neral 1n north-eastern Victoria. SJGNI FICANCE These mine 'Workings never made the same economic or social impact on the shire as did gold m1 n1f19. Nevertheless they are significant for two reasons. F1 rst of an they sho'w' the manner i o which former gold miner~ attempted to continue their mining operations and employ long-standing sk111s once the so urce of gold in thf shire became more difficult to locate. At the ~me time they indicate the extent to 'w'hich smell communities like that 81 Moliagul 'Were caught up t n the enthusiasm of the struggle to defeat Germany btt'w'een 1914 and 1918. They are also in a sense a testament to some of the follies and del usioM of W'&r hysteria. LOCAL SIGNI fl CANCE Sourt"e: Defunct C1>mpan9 papers SITE LISTINGS 151 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO tflttllWilJi fl/NlllfiS/Tl SITE LISTINGS 152 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO WELCOME STRANGER MONUMEltT AND SITE LOCATION: PARISH OF t1JLIAGUL NATMAP: 36.7128. l WITHIN THE MOLIAGUL HISTORIC AREA,THE WELCOME TRACK LEADS DIRECTLY TO THE SITE. THIS TRACK LEADS OFF THE DUNOLL V RO. TO THE SOUTH fRDM OPPOSITE THE FL VNN MEMORIAL ANO TURNS WEST TO LEAD DIRECTLY TO THE MEMORIAL DESCRIPTION An open cle.ered ere.e Yfithin the for~ approximately fifty mett" $ClWre. Within thi~ cl~red area stands the Welcome Stranger roonument. This is a stone obelisk \!r'ith surrounding iron railings vfth ,-tone corner obelisks of a smaller di meMion.The memorial refers to the fl nd of the Welcome Stranoer nugget. To the East of the monument the ground slopes up to a ridge along -which are several reliC$ of a1Tuvial minillQ. The shaft! cut here W'Elre intended to tap the Bulldoq Reef on \t'hich the Welcome Stnnger nugget~ found. HISTORY The Welcome Stre£19er Nugget w-es discovered on this site in 1869. It W'as re9fsrdtd as the laryest single nugget d1scovered in the 'w'Orld at the time. It rMved interm in mining 1n the shire after some yetir$ of poor alluvial returns. So excited wre some investors that one Melbourne mining speculator 8U(J08sted that the vhole of Victorto, from the ~boerd to the Murrey ouQht to be puddled. John ~n er.I Richard~ discovered the nugget on 5 February 1869. The nugget "Weighed 210 pounds grG38 and 'When smelted yielded 2269 ounces of gold. The nugget 'w'88 taken bv the t ucku f1nders into Dunon~ to the Lorw.ton Chartered Bank (qv). Oet'~onan Ylnone1~ from the floo 'w'8S doneted to one or other wiorth9 cause in Dunolly. The monument vas erected by the Mines Department ·in 1897, lergel y through the instigation of JL D~an, a member of the Dugoan family, local merehsnb and mining speculator' and for a- long tt me a champion of the JoceJ mining industry. SIGNI f ICANCE The s1te of the discovery and 1he reef ( Bu11dog Reef) are 1mportent es places central to Australian mining history. The Welcome Stranger di$COYery renewed loe3l effort! a1 mining and at the same time attracted 'World·'wide attention to the Shire. Tha monument erected in 1897 test1ffe$ to Uris 1mportance and at the same ti me is Uself a part of the sh1 re's history. It 1s an early example of attempts to commemorate the endeavours of local m;ners. The surroundinq gu11ie' end mine ;.iorki ncJ$ still reveal some of the shape and character of a nineteenth-century nrtrrinq field, even though they hove been vorked over $e'/era1 times. The monument and the discovery of the nugget are sigrrificant to the character of the sm re and are also central to Victorian mining history. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Flett, Dunoll y. mre3~, 1 869-1870~1897 . SITE LI ST INGS 153 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITF l ISTIN<;S 154 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERV.A,TION STUDY: VOLUME TWO QUEENS MINE AND DREDGING DAH LOCATION: PARISH OF MOLIAGUL, WITHIN THE C.f. & L HISTORIC AREA NATMAP: 37.6128.4 APPROX I MATEL V ONE K. TO THE SOUTH OF MCCOYS STORE IN MOLIAGUL AND ONE K TO THE EAST OF THE WELCOME STRANGER f1JNUMENT. WITHIN ONE K. TO THE WEST OF THE DU NOLLY RD. DESCRIPTION Remsina of dred(JtnQ dam and 3haft, some signs of open cut working near to the dam and remnants of mullock. The fe~ remeins ere scattered in a br08d area acrMs e ridge -with ~eral hundred meters 1yi ng bet'w'een the open cut, mine shaft and dam. These remnants lie to the north of the track 1eed1ng to the Welcome Stranger Hemor1a1 and can be reached by foot from the Jocatfon o1 the Welcome Stranger find. HISTORY Th1s mine lil'3' first opened on the Bulldog Reef in t 864 {mini09 lease 4368) and at one ti me ~yed 20 02. to the ton. The gold here 'w'8S fi r~ di~ered by t'il'o Chinese miners and Wi 11 iam Nutt ¥orki ng to the south of ~lisgul. For a ti me the reef vhich they tappe11 ¥8$ the only paying reef on the Mo11egu1 field. 11 proved an exceptionally rich and exc1t1 ng f1 nd f n a period 'When minen had begun to drift a-way from nearby alluvial ¥orki1l98. The success of the Queen'.s Mine stimulated interest in re-'Worki ng other areas around Moliagul at a deeper level. By J86 7 returns 'Were lwer and the mine \m not wrk.ed unt111868.The mine W'SS let on tribute for several years in the 1870s; amongst the parties 'W'ho wrlced U \/ere a Chi nes.e group led by Ah Moy. The Queen's Mine 'W8' 1eft idle again in 1879; after that date ttre site 'w'SS 'WO riced over 1r1ith dredges and some of 1he origj nal 3haft vaa expanded into a smell open-cut mine. SIGNtflCAfCE The Queen's Mine and dam lie -within the crucially important Moliagul mini rig field and so form a part of one of the key fielcb in the history of Australian 90ld mi n1 ng. The remmmts themselves exhi b'it a range of mi ni9 activity and are set 1n attractive bushland. They are also unusual in the association 'w'lth Chinese miners 'World ng on capf taJised deep 18811 m1 nes. Most of the Chinese miners in the slrire 'w'ere of cour3e alluvial prospecton. They played an important role in keepi f'l9 the MoliaguJ field alive and in ib proximity to the first mine vod:i ngs 1n the field and to the Welcome Stranqer ~ite it represents an important S'tage 1n tile mining chronology of the shire and indeed in AU$tralian mining history. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Mini[l9 surveyor reoorts. mi n1 oo.~mphlets. State L1 brarrJ psmphlet collection SITE LISTINGS 155 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 156 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO HOLIAGUl CEHETERY LOCATION: CEMETERY RESERVE , MOU AG UL- Pt.I NSWJCk PARISH BOUNDARY HATMAP: 36.4/27.4 ON THE DUl«JLLVJ1JLIAGUL RO. ON THE WESTERN SIDE fACIN.:! THE ROADWAY AND SURROUNDED BY FOREST. THE CEMETERY LIEDS ON THE MOLIAGUL PARISH BOUNDARY HUJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DESCRJPTfON Extensive end -we11-ma1nta1ned cemetery. Most of the he~tooes date from after the gold rushes. But nemtS farnilfer tn minfng hfstor11 appear on memorials. Amongst them ore the oomes of the ~n family ioc1uding John De83on df3COVerer of the Welcome Stranger nugoet. SIGNIFICAPCE Important es tn 11*x of life in the gold fleld of Holiagul and of the sentiments vhicb boulld too still bind tocel rmdents together. LOCAL SIGNI Fl CANCE f'IJU.4GUL CEl1ETER'r' 'ITC' I l~Tlt..rr:<: 157 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO CLOSER SETTLEl'1ENT HOUSE, NATTE YAllOCl LOCA T10 N: PARISH OF NA TT EVAL LOCK 3 Yi NATHAP: 25.3115.8 SITUATED 0.25 KS. FROH THf WESTERN SIDE Of THE BEAU BA STH. RD. DATE : 1933 f1A.XIR OWNER: f'l)RTLOCK, WILLIAM DESCRIPTION Weather boarded house 'tlith three chi mnelJ' and iron roof. The site include$ several original outbuildings. The house is a standard Closer Settlement Boord design. HISTORY On1 y e handful o1 soldier settlers ID.Wed 1nto tha sh1 re after the Fi rit World War. Amo~ them~ John CorntMiie 'w'OO farmed on this block. He vu preceded by selector Georoe Bennett. Corntwaitt apparently hod limiteds~ vith this block and 'w'8S succeeded by William Mort1oclc ..,.,.,, took up this land under closer settlement legislation. The Closer Settlemerrt des19n ...as bunt for Wilism Hortlock. SIGNIFICANCE While cl03er and soldier settlement ....ere not major influences on the shire's M~tory, the aree md attr&et '°me of these fermers. This house i$ one o1 the fev in the shire 'Which repr~nts that pbese of farming and is significant beeatrt..e it Hnks Bet Bet tot~ broad movemerrts in t\alent1eth century forming. LOCAL SIGNlflC.A.CE Source: Closer settlement fl1et. 158 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO COTTAGE: GOLDSBOROUGH PRE-E11PTIYE 1!.IGHT LOCATION: PARISH OF PAINSWICK PRE-EMPll'fE RIGHT GOLDS~ROOOH NATMAP: 59.2121.6 TO THE SOUTH Of THE DUMlllV RD., 0.5 KS. WEST OF THE INTERSECTION Of THE OUP«>LLY RD. AHO THE ST. ARHAUD-DUMJLLY RD. SET SEVERAL HUNDRED METERS TO THE SOUTH Of THE DUNlllY RD. DESCRIPTION A farm complex cons1st1no of t'-10 house$, one freestone Ylth red-br1ct trim to opemnoa, the other "tmtherbo8rded 'With vorondah on one 3fde and oabted beap extending to the rear. The first of these bulld1R9S has a double-hipped roof and double-fronted elevation to the east. The aeeorJd 1, a double-fronted butld1ng 'with dfatfnctive verandah iii acbts, ....-toothed vereooah endboerds and red-brick chimnetJS attached on the '1mt side. To the north-east of the M houses ts en extensive thatched barn nw servtng et a ha1J$hed. Another tw smeller thatched barns survfve to the north of the complex. The atone house hes en added verondah to one stde and the 'w1ndo\I hes been teken out. The ttmber house ta oenerellu oriCJ) nal. The tw homes pres umabl 11 r~present two ci nstr uction periods: the stone oouse. SIGNlflCAfCE The tw OOU$6S ~nnot be linked directly to the pre-gold rU$h period in 'w'htch the Go1d$borough run and the local squatters forced the1r 'w'a'J into Bet Piet. The 3tone cottage seems to be a retfc of the later QOld r~h per1od. The adjacent timber house ~from the 18903. The frmtone buildi~ hes o simple but el*frt hipped roof form and like other buildings in the 8htre it combine$ freestone 'with red brick f8cing in e typical local style. Its importance Hes 1n these materieb, the simple and -wen bale need di meRStons end the 10C81ion on the Pre- Emptive Right. LOCAL SIGNIFICAPCE f I 159 BET BET CONSER VAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO GOLDSBOROUGH STATE SCHOOL SS 321 LOCATION : PARISH OF PAINSWICK SS RESERVE NATK4P: 38.612 t .5 AT THE NJRTH- WESTERN CORNER OF THE GOLDSBOROUGH TO'WNSHIP, 0.5 KS . SOUTH OF RAILWAY Lt NE. BUILDER: HARRISON, AINSWORTH DESCRIPTION Former school and residence. The sct.>ol is tall end steeph~ geb1ed ¥1th 'Weatherboard claddtno and trussed gabln on a cruciform plan. Pecftments are creeted at 'w1 ndo'w's and doors and a ch1 mnev prOY1ctes the mai n feature of the em elevetion, 91epping up to an Elizabethen corn1ce 'Wi1h a stop-chamfered shaft. The external f1replace is an un~ual feature . The residence ts sfmpty gabled to a common government defign (see BetlelJ school rmdence). The res;dence al!O has 11 distinctiw Elizabethan chimnev. HISTORY The ff rst oovernment schoot 1n the area opened at lnterman tn 1860 and lasted until 1863. Adecline in 90ld et lnkermen eoon after meent that the act.>ol moved to the pr•nt site. The tct.>ol 'Was built to accomodate 140 children. In 1888 the sct.>ol changed 1b name to Golcbborouoh and eurv;ved until 1959. SIGNI FICA.CE The sehool~ ~ locel aehools in form and in materials. It ha s19ntffcance as one Of the handful of buttdfngs surviving from the daip .,.hen Go1d9borough ...ea a flourishi no mining bNn. LOCAL SIGNI FICAfCE C.!Tt:" I !~T ll\lr..~ •. ----~-,,·..~.....__- ~~~--=.....~---~~~~-··-~,-;.::..:~·-~-..,___~...... :...~-=----.;..,---~- 160 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SLAB COTTAGE. GOLDSBOROUGH LOCATION: TOWNSHIP Of GOLDS80ROOOH PARISH Of PAINSWICK W.TMAP: 38.1121 .2 ON THE WESTERN EDGE Of THE ORIGINAL TOWNSHIP SUBDIVISION. FACES THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY MINE ACROSS THE ORIGIML COMME5a:IAL STRtP Of GOlDSBOROOOH. DESCRIPTION A double-fronted prefebr1cated drop-slab cott&;e, hO'W derelict; compn~ of WJ"en panels across the facede, eech e1ter1'13ted pone containtng a vtndov or t door. Wi ..... are double- hung end multi- pened. The door ts four panel with oo top 1t9ht. Verandah posts are fine vtth $tep-chamferlng and slim sectfon:S . The verandah floor aurvt ve1 in derelict tte1e. SIGNIFICAtcf The unU$u&leotJMrootion of thecott* aoo 1ts survtvel es one of th& fw bu11cHnp dating from the mtnino ere in Gohbboro1.19h qive it importance. 43 vell it is loceted in vhat 'Wat once the commercial centre of the Ur.tin. LOCAL SIGNI rtCAtCE 161 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO QUEENS 81 RTHDAY MJ NE LOCAT ION: PARISH Of PAINSWICK 1 l A /13 NATMAP: 38.1/21.2 THE REMAINS Of THE MINE LIE WITHfN THE AREA Of THE GOLDSBOROUGH TOWNSHIP AND ARE REACHED BY FOLLOWl~JG A ROAD SOUTH FROM NEAR THE JUNCTION Of THE ST. ARNAUD RD.-DUNOLLY RD. AND THE DUNOLLY RD. THE MINE DUMP STANDS ON THE SOUTH-WEST CORNER Of THE FIRST INTERSECTION SOUTH OF THE RAILWAY LINE. REMArnS OF WATER RACES ARE LOCATED A FURTHER 60 HETRES·TO THE SOUTH OF THIS INTERSECTION . DESCRIPTION Large mtne dump on '11'hich some vegitatioo has grwn. There are sig"' that some parts of these tarnngs have been rNorked or removed. The remains of other local mines can be seen nearby. These too have been either re-vorked or removed. Dam and sluice gate11 still visible near to the mine dump. Several water runs leading 1nto and out oft~ 3hrice gates.There is httle remeining of mining mechinery or buildings. HISTORY The Queen's Birthday Company worked ground initially leased by the Goldsborough Compeny. The company vas formed 1n 1867 and continued opera1ion into the 1880s. In 1868, the company set up a crushing plant but found that they 'Were er us hi ng very poor stone. from that point the firm began to extend its shaft i n late 1866 and early 1869. Returns ap~red poor for several years until in 1873 an extension to the s-haft reached potentially rich ground. Drives \ SIGNIFICANCE 162 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO The Queen's Bi rthdey \m for e ti me the riche$t m1 no tn the ahi re, It vas centr&J to Ute fortune~ of Dunoll y and e'peciall v to the CMncter and i mportence of Methodism in the to-Yn. While little remei°' of the mi nine) machinery, the mine dump and the nearby wtervork3 indlcate some aspects of mini nq ecl1vity. It also forms a tentral element in 'What remains of the Goldsborouqh twnshi p end is e rtmi nder of Uie tie3 between scmll mining twns and one key mf ne. The dec11 ne of the twn ~n be·seen-as ~ product of tM fiil ure-of the Queen·~ B1rthde1J ~mpany to find new re$0urces tn the late 18805. STATE SIGNlflCANCE Source: Queen's BirthdaJJ Hine papers, State Library of Victoria. ~~. various dates. QuerWrl Y.!!J&tl!,...mi.oiil9.!Ymwr:. fl/JEEN'S BJRT/tM r' NINE SJ Tl r 1- r t 'r~ .. ,. ' " •..- """" 163 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO MARTIN'S EUCALYPTUS PRESS LOCATIOH:PARISH OF PAINSWICK, SECTION 13 NATMAP: 38.5/20.B WITHIN THE TOWNSHIP AREA Of GOLDSBOROUGH AO.JACENT TO THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY MINING SITE. DESCRIPTION The $ite corisim of a lsrQe boiler vWri n en i nm s-hed. ~lor19~de sre concrete vtits embedded in e.artt~r1 s1Jrround&. Ae-0ncrete seal far the vat& tmd a heoo-oper HISTORY The onlv fuoctioni 09 w-orb 'Which survive$ fn:im an important local indU3try. Thi ~ .. :sti1lery 'w'S! oriqi nan v um biJ the Britten f&rrriJ y~r.:t is now operated b~ Pat Martin. The di~U11er y oper8tbd durir19 the 1920$ and 'w'8$ or.e of several operating; n the fort$t3 of the strlre 8t that ume. The pre9...ent boiler replaces an tar11er CornJ$h boiler destroyed in an exp1os1on 1n 1929. The Britten feimily ~re !till involved in the disti11ert,1 during tbe 1950$ . It 1s nw run occasfooolJ lJ by Pat Mtsrt1 n. 6ut 'with portable distHli rig equi pmerrt bei no tflken into the forests on trucks, lw-techoology operations lib that at Goldsborouoh are becomt f'l9 rare. Pat Martin "°""only \t/Orks thi~ distillery on a pert-time basi$. SIGNI flCA~E The 'W'ork1nqs make Y1'i ble the process of 31nffll-:$Cale df3tl111 nq, 3 msi ~tay for men at diffe.rent ti rne3 in the $hi re's hi$lory. The!J t1re a -worki~ example of a significant local indWltriJ &rid an unusual survivor from the pre-'w'ar l}ears \iilhen $lmp1e techoology supported many local operator!I. LOCAL SIGN! FICAM:E Source: Discussiorr.fl 'With Pet Mart1 n. Shire of Bet Bet ~ur1CH minutes. • J 'I SITE LISTINGS 164 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO .. . HARVEST HOME DREDGING l>AH AMD HOU WORKINGS LOCATION: PARISH Of PAINSWICK, 10 t~TMAP: 42.7122.3 ON HARVEST HOME TRACK AT A DISTANCE Of 3 KS. TO THE EAST Of THE JUNCTION Of THE HAR't'EST HOME TRACK WITH THE DUHOLLV-HOLIAGUL RD . DESCRIPllON Dem of 3e¥erel hundred meters cf rcumference formed by en ea rt Mn ernbankrMnt to the "'e3t of or;e to tllo meter$ in tieig ht. To the 'tmt and to the north fJf this dam s rs severa 1tai ii ng he&ps marking tt~ ,;~of quartz loo HISTORY Dredq1~ and srMll-wile compan(j m1n1rig 1a1ent on in thii are3 from the 1870s thrn1J9h to the 18903 thoUQh it never develope-d 1nto one of the major local fields. Several compsnies beqan to take MI ntere.$t in thi$ site 1n 1880. TheSie t ncl uded the Ha~ Home Comf)3nlj, the North Harvest Home C.ompeny and the ~uth HarV!S't Home Compsny. Ho'w'eVer stiareooldtlrs vere also interetied in le~ cl~r to Goldsborough. Strafb 1n the ares reached depths of up to 200 fee1 end in the earl v 1880s these compan1es repot1ed qood prospecis for m1 ni nQ. Early promises eppeered to be short-lived el'ld by the end o1 the~ it seemed as if the3e CtJmpanies had ceased oper&tionti. The ares "165 l~ter 'it'orked for dredq1 ng. SIGHlflCANCE The site is significant bw.lo~ it incl ude3 uveral lttms frorn local mini rrg. Ttie dam end the remains of tile sevtral companJJ mi oes 1n the are together i ndi~te some of th reoqa of ac:tiv1t~ associetei1 vi th mimog in the 1880$1 long efter the initf81 enttu.ts1~sm for com!)i1ny mining in the area had \laned. It 13 ..-orthu of protection ~im of the scenic i ntere~ of 1he dem and surroondi f'l9 form 83 much 8'3 for Mstorie qusliti~. Indeed the dam is used 03 e reuention aroo for 1~1 fammu . Loc:Al SIGNlflCAr«:E SITE LISTINGS 165 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATJON STUDY: VOLUME TWO HARD HILLS t1tME AREA LOCATION: PARISH Of TARNAGULLA C/21 , 96A,RES./t3, A1, 11 4 NATMAP: 52131.5 TO THE WEST OF LLANELLY TOWNSHIP AHO TO THE NORTH Of TARNAGULLA. SOUTH Of RHEOLA-LLANELLV RD AND ON EITHER SIDE OF THE WESTERN END OF HANGMAN'S LANE. DESCRIPTION Ar~ of 3Mll HISTORY In September 1859 , miners rushed the Herd Hills ares. Diooers kept on in the area duri nc;i 1860. Then, numbers fell so that blJ March 1865, only 90 miners sim wr~ on the field. By the end of the ~r ~mother r°'h to Herd Hills brought more t~n three hundred miners onto 1he field. By themiddle of 1866 these numbers fell. Chinese miners then took up several of the claims. Smeller numbers returned durin1n9 the 1880s and then 1n the 1930s unemployed men on su$leoa~ revivtd the field 'with ~me mixed re.sults. The field became kl'IO\Aln 88 'S1JSteneoce Hill' dur1ng the 1930.S Depression and 'Wess favourite camp1 ng spo1 for men drifting ebout looking for ..,...ork or gold. SIGHIFICMCE lrnportsnce lies in the several phases of r81w'Orlcinq-it is an aree has been almost cootinoowly mined,several re!"Mnb of &hsfb remain aoo es such H fa a $ign of the continued role of mini~ 1n 1he 'hire. LOCAL SIGN! f ICAPl:E So1Jrce: QuadtdY~~rt!, mining surve~r. Courie.t. .fafUlll. SITE LISTINGS 166 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO YORKSHIRE t11HE LOCATION: P4RISH Of TARNAGULLA, tf) SECTION NAT~P : 53.6/29.8 TO THE HORTH Of TARNAGULLA TO'WNSHIP DOWN TRACK RUNNI~ WEST / 2.5 KS. NORTH Of TARHAGULl.A TOWNSHIP BOUNDARY. TO THE WEST Of' TH£ TARNMJULLA~ BRIDGEWATER ROAD AND TO THE WEST Of THE TARNAGUllA- BRIDGEWATER RAILWAY LINE OESCRl PTION The remai °'of the York3hi re mine con.,ist of ~tered and re-wrked remnenb of tam 1'19 heaps. Aa 'w'ell the ~iit l ochKles the brick footi oqs of a former boiler. Other parb of the site have scattered concrete remnsrrts of m1mng mech1nery. Several parts of the s1te have been re--wrorlced at verlous stages end the rf shaft h8$ been ctspped. A smell dam mer ks the entrance to the site. Hf STORY Orie of the l8$t mejGr shafts duo !n the TarnaouHa a:ree . In September 1880 a shaft on the $ite hed been sunlc to thr~ hundred 1ett. Later, the 3haft 'w'M extended to over 1000 feet. Durt ng 1881, the compeniJ cr!J$hed stone from the 305 foot lewl to the 330 foot level . In M:erch 1082, ttie local mini ng surveyor reported that the lode \t'S!S • seven feet thick shoY'i 1'19 gold freely 1n the stone'. By 1883 the C(lmpeoy hed crushed over two thoU$(1fld tons of steine for a yield of 112 ounces of gold . The ~ mpan 1i1 di~"fflred a fle\r' $hoot of gold in 1884 and made good re1ur0$ dtJrinQ th~ vear. In the later 1880s the profits fell and the mine see~ to heve been let on tri butt at some staqe . It corm nued Of16reti oq l nto the tveo~ieth century 'When beea~ of the depth of the stlaft ft 'w'Ss seen es U1e. most llkel y source ()f t1 revived 90ld 1odlJ$trv in the $Mre. SIGHlftCAHCE ShJnifiC8nc! li~ in this lete attempt to revive mini~ end the ~ntinued attempt to floo pe!Jf:lble ~ld tn the t'w'entieih c:entur9. Remnants of materials end the dam hsve 'umved 1n parts, as have $3me ta'ili/'193 and the dam . T~ are important in thet the1i1 ~n s~ ~me SSP'-Cb o1 local mini n.;i operations and raiu qU63tion:s about the manner in W'hicl\ deep 18$1 miners operoted at the eoo of the n1 neteenth century. LOCAL SIGNIFICMCE ~l~~ w~ i·~~~"!i:.~ ' ' Source: [ ' ~- f:~ ~~- t . ' g~rt~ rl ynoorts ,mi.ni.M.1Yftt1J2r. i(;.:il~~1l'JE~~-li t;.qurier Si TE LI STINGS 167 SH IRE OF BET BET c m~SERV A.TlON STUDY: VOLUME TWO NUGGETTY GULLY LOCATION: PARISH OF TARNAGULLA, NO SECTION NATMAP: 52.8124.3 - 52.8/26- 54125- 54124 LOCATED TO THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE TOWNSHIP Of TARNAGULLA AND TO THE WEST Of THE TARNAGULLA- DUNOlLY ROAD. FROM THE INTERSECTION OF THE TARNAGULLA-LAANECOORIE RD . AND THE TARNAGULLA-DUNOLLV RD . THE AREA LIES TO THE NORTH-WEST OFTHE ROADWAY TO lHE JUt«:TIOH WITH THE TARNAGULLA-EDDI NGTON RD. IT IS BOUNDED ON THE NORTH BY A TRACK RUNNING SOUTH-WEST FROM TARNAGULLA TO THE JUNCTION OF THE EDDINGTON-1.MNECOORIE RD. AND THE TARNAGULLA-LMNECOORI E RD . THE WESTERN BOUNDARY OF THE AREA L1 ES 2 KS. ALONG THJIS ROAD FROM ITS JUNCTION WITH THE TARNAGULLA-DUNOLLY RO . DESCRIPTION An er~ of forest in 'll'lrich there ere CtJuntlm $het"t3( nmtl \:I filled) trenc~ end mullock heapi,mainly from surface 'Workings. The area is forested but \t'ithin the fore$t are remnants of generations of surface mining. W1tht n this area there are also larger heaps left from deep lead mines in the nineteenth century. T~e heeps r~h to ten meter$ in height and ere for the nmt part shrouded by vegitatlon. The area extends acrm reefs which have been ¥orked 'w'1th such deeper shaft!, amongst them, the Wenda M1ne ¥as perhaps most successful . HISTORY The longest lasting 'small man'i field• in the shire end amongst the lcey fields in Victoria for fomcking. Since t 853 'wlhen the first nuggm vere found ther~, the Nugqetty Gully field has been f~mous for the cormant supply oflarge nuggets it hes providtd almost at random to i ndivi.dual miners. It covers Ironb8r~ Gully -which 'w'8S rushed in the 1850s ,later in the nineteenth century and aga1n in the 1930s. B" 1859 the reef3 through Nuggettg Gully supported small oro ups of mine rs, but gredua 11 y these men drifted off to 'w'O r k on one of the deep quarti leads. A new-er find at Nuggetty Point brought many baclc to the field at the end of tt1e year when miners reported yields of more than six ounces to the ton. Mining on the field increased i n 18 65 . Miners w-ere stm 'Working over the field in 1870. From 1870 on"1'ards, small mining compeni~ concentrated on Ironberk Gull vand several shaft mines oot qood returns for most of the ~de . Miners heve constantly returned top the field. In the 19303, men on sustenance schemes re"WOrked the field after several large nuggets \!/ere found. N~y Gully has remained a "Site for f031c~rs right through to the pr~n1 day. The deeper shafts 'w'ere 'w'Orked intermittently end at ti met they returned good profits to invmors. Reef mines in the area "w'On great faith from among local people but QaVe poor returns. The importance of the field lies in its -worth to the smell miner, ~pecielly ta fmickers. SIGNIFICANCE Afield in vhich generatiol'l3 of miners have left their mark. Unlike the Wild Dog di99ings, vhich reflect a short span tn m1ninq history~ th1s area reflects the efforn of mtners in the 1850s and 1860s as \&/ell as in t he 1930s. It is stm a favourite place for fos$1ckers to try their luck. The remains of larger concerns alongside the remnants of small vtorki rigs give the field an added inter~. Nuggetty Gully i~ fi nan y significant in that it i9 part of a tradition of prosrrecti ng w-hich is very much alive in the late t'w'entieth century. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE SI TE LI STINGS 168 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO Source: BlQWLOOi Dh)Q HMUQ.[ SITE LISTINGS 169 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO MORTON HOMESTEAD LOCATION: PARISH Of TARNAGULLA 27/F NATMAP: 59/35.5 AT INTERS£CTION OF NEWBRIDGE-BRIOGEWATER RD . ANO GRAHAM'S LANE; AT THE SOUTH-WEST CORNER SET ON A SLOPING SITE 0.2 KS TO THE WEST Of THE NEWBRIDGE-BRIDGEWATER RD. DESCRIPTION Ade3erted farm dwelling, orchtird end sheds. The ho'"e is a si nglefronted cottage \rlith verandah. It has -weatherboard ctaddi ng in the front ~ection and is ctJnstructed of brick f n the central section. At the rear the con$truction is of horizi ntall y-placed logs. Severel ori9i net outbuildi nqs of slab &nd board are on the site. A "'811 and orchard complete the complex. HISTORY Chari"' Morton \i&$ the original 'elector of this block. He \t'Orked 8$ a treveller for the nearby bre'w'ery and after a dispute \\11th the neighbouring squatter, cattl, he abandoned Ms selection and moved to Melbourne. Nearby farmer3 at~mpted to conv1 nee Lands De~rtment officials thtt he had forfeited the block. Morton returned w his land and built up the present complex to s.atisfy improvemnt demands of the Laoos Department. SIGNIFICANCE The cottage is important beas~e of the s~uence of styles in building. These demonstrate the means by which land selectors sought to satisfy the Lands Depertment and the increasing comfort of farm d'w'elli ngs over the years. The outbuildings and wells ere t mportsnt because they show the arranqement of a homestead in the nineteenth century. The complex, unlike many in the am re has had no recent additions. The site reflects another aspect of local life in that Morton was engaged in a Jong battle 'With neigh bo uri ng squatter Cato, demonstrating a proces' common to the agricultural histor1:1 of the state and one of the fw battles in this area for 'w'hich detailed documentation has been discovered. The site mustrate3 social, polltical and economic aspects of land selection. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Select1on 111es and Lan~ Dept Correspondence, Select1on 541, clause t 9.20. SITE LISTINGS 170 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO •·. SITE LISTINGS 171 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO CORFD-6ROWLERS REEF "1·1111t AREA LOCATION: PARISH Of' TARNAGULLA, Ill SECTION NAT MAP: 53/28--55.9128--52.8/26 .8-55. 9/26.5 FROM TARMGULLA·BRIDGEWATER RD. APPROXIMATELY 2 KS. f«IRTH OF THE TOWN RUNNltt; £AST TO THE TOWN BOUNDARV AND THEN TO THE TARMGULLA-POSEIDON RD. i\ND THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE TARMGUllA URBAN AREA. DESCRIPTION Remnents of wrtoua ateoea of mf ntng ere acettered et venoue pot ntt throuoh th1s eree. In the mrth of the site ere the iron end concrete remnants of the state batterg site. To the Wit ere smeller mf ne workings eoo the Grwlera reef open cut. In the aouth·'4l'e8t are remnetna of t~ and delmt'Orka eaaocteted vtth mf nt ng on the Corlu end Gert beldt Reeft. W1ttrt n the ttte ere attered remnentt of verto• phelee of rntntrw;i, 1ncludfng beeps from deep leeda aaociated Ylth aeverel of the tev mf nes 1n the Ter1'1119ul11 m1ntno dtetrtct end evidence of surfece mtmng. Much of the area ha been re'tfOrked. HISTORY Thete tte1dt 11e to the eat of the Tarneouna toYnsMp end wre opened up blJ m1nart •rctnng for rw leedl nnr to the Sendu Creek fl nd f n the 18508. SIJ the end of the 18508 tmrel rich leeds tied been dlSCOYered on the Corfu reef, suppoledJy named fore pertlJ of Greet seflort who dlacowred r1ch nuooets there. In September 1859, the lint rt m, the Durham, Montebello end the Helt ea mines an obtafned OOod ·returna from the reef. The nemes of the mines suovest the ethnic dtwrtity of the diggers on the reef. sv 1861 , the Corfu Reef Compenu wrked a lease W'tth en eYer• vte1d of more then one ounce to the ton . Six "91rs leter, Frezer end Wtntams wre wrt1no a m1ne on Grwlers Reef from 'w'hich they heel extracted a totel Vfeld of 12 ounces of ootd. The Geri beldi Compenu commenced ¥Ork on the Corfu Reef et the same t1 me. Theu wre follO'w'ed 1n t 868 bu the Lat Chance Compenv. In the fol Iwt na veer, aewral of these mt nes wre flood&d and the companies ceeaed wrk.Bu 1872, the Corfu Compenv heel pumped out the mine 100 bid nine men at wrlc repef r1 no the shift. Bv June of the fo11W1 no veer, the m1 ne .,,. once aorl n abermned. The reef ws tickled bu severel later parties and attracted miners in the twntieth centuru. But returns r.w not matched time of the 1850s end 1860a. SIGNI flCAM:E The rema1 ns of '8\leral phases of mining are scattered through this site. The state crU$htf'IO battery, the open cut et Grwlen Rtef end the remanb of several mines on the Corfu (end 113 extension the Geribeldt Reef) as wll as thefts and dumps from other minea mete this area en tmportant site for the mirrinQ bisforlJ of the shire. The Corfu Reef tn particular attrected mtners ewer several years. There ere tufficient remnents from eech of thele eteoes of min1no to illustrate much of the historv of mf n1no 1n the Terneouna area. Principal elements vihin the site are 1. Corfu Reef wrki np end dam site z.State betterv reme1ns 3. GrO'w'lers reef open cut. SITE LI STI NGS 172 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO lOCAl SIGNIFICANCE Sourct: gY1d_erl Y~, miti.1.!l9iurveyo..r. f/l.RFtf/1/N£ ft.REP# SITE LISTINGS 173 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO ROTHWELL LOCATION: PARISH Of TARNAGUUA 718 NATMAP: 58.8/27. TO THE EAST Of LMNECOORlE-HEWBRIOGE RD . IHA BEND Of THE LODDON RIVER. THE SITE IS 2.5 KS. SOUTH Of HEWBRIOOE. DESCRIPTION lerqe fflrmhouse set in Qerden l'Je3r bank-s of the Loddon River. Face- red brick, lar~ orncte GotMc rev1vsl holJSe 'with dbtinctive scalloped barge boards, multf-9&bled e1eva1ion and return bull- ~d v~rand8h. Remnen~ of picket ftnce end old plants in the osrden. wan is built in Flemish bond and some remnants of ~ !poutl ~· P1srrti ~ nearby l ncl ude$ frutt tr~, L11ec, ~nth!J$ plant and f&ti ne. Ttie oo: · i& approached by a drive'ft'ey lined 'w'ith peppercorns and is situated one pk: •) resque bend of the river. HISTORY The hoU3e has been 8S$0C1ated 'w'lth some of the key figures 1n locsl orcherdi ng and 1' generally in an oriqinel ~ndition. The principel Mme U$0Cieted 'with the holl$e is Mr. E. K.emers, 'w'OO took a 1e8d 1n local &;ir1cuHura1 societies. SIGNI FICAHCE Thb buildi fi9 is i mpcrtent b.ec13ose of ih acale and elaoor81e decoration. It is also $fgnificar1t llS a survivor of the once fuoous orchard properties 1r1Mch tined the banks of the loddon River.The Ne'w'bridqe erea \\183 once reno'Wned for orch3rds end Uri~ building "'~ ~ ~ the centre of e locel orcherd. l.t . ~ a product of an i oriovetive and 1~rati-..e era in local fr:irmi ng and as such provides a contrast 'With most other farmhol.J$8$ 1n the shire, products of the land selection period. Its qeneral stvle &od the decoration di&ti nguish it from more simple farmhou$es in the r~t of the shire. LOCAL SIGNlflCA~f ktJTt(JfELL SITE UST lNGS 174 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSEP.VATI ON STUDY: VOLUME TWO BENYON f ARHHOUSE LOCATION: PARISH OF TARNAGULLA 9/A NATHAP: 58.6/28 ON THE BAN)(S OF THE LODDON RIVER,SOUTH Of THE TOWN Of NEWBRIDGE . REACHED BY A LANEWAV LEAD ING Off THE LAANECOORIE-NEWBRIDGE RD. MAJOR OWNER: BENYON,J DESCRIPTION Large brick farmhouse on the trenks of the Loddon River. Extens1ve tripped roof, the ho~e ;, built in Flemish bond of cJinktr bricks. It has an encircling timber verandah and unusual timber valances and brackets. Another distinctive element of the outside elevat1on 1s the segment-arched cemented architraves \tlith their vernriculated k.eystol'le8 5et above and shal101i11 brackets belw the sills. The main entry is fully arched eoo segmented architraves are used on the M sides of the bu'ilt.ti ng the other openi 119' are plain 'w'ith arch- Llar ~. HISTORY The building wras the original home of John Benyon. It 'w'8S originally named cardigan Ville and probably bUi1t 1n 1870. Benyon ves a miner born in Cardigan Wales in 1832. He erived in Victoria in 1853 and struck gold at Ternsgulla (he 'w'8S one of the four Welshmen vho h8d a share in the Poverty reef:- he Welshmen's Claim) . Benyon made £40 000 from t he claim sM butlt this house. He vent on to play e role in public afeirs, importing Welsh ponies encl establfalring Welsh and Ar)'.J11cen churctm 8't Newbridge. His fortunes tumbled 18ter in the century wrhen he held a li ce03e in Mel bo ur ne (the Reil we y C1 ub Hotel in Spencer Street) . Benyon \t'ent bankrupt enrl retired to Bendigo vhere he vtas given a grace and favour position 'w'ith the rallways. SIGNIFICANCE Important because of the scale and quality of design. It ~nt ra$ts \r'ith the many smaller and s1mp le 'w'ooden built.ti nqs on farms ..,.it hi n the shire. The bt11 1d1ng tens something of the st>n,1 of the miners -who came to Tarnagulla from Wales. Ben yon is an important character becaU8e of his ties 'with the Poverty Reef, hi3 role in local church~ building and his long-standing Welsh connections. Hb house fa a rare reminder of the many Welsh miner& "w'ho left their mark on the shire. Like Benyon,somemade fortunes large enough to leave their mark on the countryside. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: Information from present ow-ners end descendants of the Ben yon family. SITE LI STINGS 175 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SITE LISTINGS 176 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSER VATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BREWERY SITE LOCATION: PARISH Of TF.RNAGULLA 16 Arts/ f NATMAP: 59.5/34 OCCUPIES A HIGH BANK AND PART Of A FLOODPLAIN OH A BEND Of THE LODOON; TO THE EAST Of THE BRIDGEWATER-NEWBRIDGE RD., 4KS. NJRTH Of NEWBRIDGE. DESCRIPTION Open land on bend of Loddon River. The on11J remai ni nq ev1Mi¥".re of the brwery b the $tone end brick footi ~ vhlch $land rome 100 metres from the entrance to the site. Afe\41 exotic pl6nti nQ$ ore vfai ble on the banks of the river. HISTORY Brewing be~me en important industry afong the Loddon RiV1!:r at several point3. By the 1860t et leaat t'w'o bre'w'eries opersted at Ne'w'brid9t eod sent their producb to various paru of Yfctorie. The 'ite of th13, Day's Brwery, 'w'8$ apparerrl1 y flooded et one staQt and thi' mey nave cootri buted to the demise of local bre'vling. D~y ttit brwery WDer had several other f nterest.s in the tO'w'n of Hevbridge t1nd the bre-wery "as ~ staple of local employment as ven as ccrntri buti 09 3ubstantiall y to the vider reputetion of Newbridge. SIGNIFICANCE Important &S s reminder of the extent of i ridustr1at activity in small tovns like Ne'w'bridqe. M 'w'el1 the ~ite ~ beC(lme a popular recrestlooal spot for for looe1 people and~ has a place in the social life of the area. LOCAL SJGtil f !CANCE .PREWER't' Stlf SITE LISTINGS 177 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO IRISHTOWI BRIDGE WATER HCE LOCATION:TARNAGULLA 98A,988/C NATMAP: 5 t .8131 .3 ON THE SOUTH SIDE Of IRISKTOWN BRIDGE OVER . BULLABUL CK. ON RHEOLA- LLA HELL Y RD, ON LLANELL Y SI DE OF BRI OGE. DESCRIPTION For epproxfmatelu 200 metero th1a timber-lined veter course runs parallel to the r~v before Jo1ntno Bullebul Creek et tr1strtovn Br1d9e. Ma1ntvformed of rouoh t1mber, in parts the 11ntng of the rece is in drmed timber. As vell, in perts a It.one catJSe'w'ti.t eppeara to have been ltid. Some veqitatlon has 9rovn through the race et certain points. HISTORY Thouoht to be moc1ated Yith the Cembrlan Mine wrk1ngt tn llenellv. SIGNI f ICAP«:E This 1a en unusual remnant from the period 1n 'w'htch Llanenv ...as e major oold mi n1 ng centre. The rece probebl vnn from the mt net on the 'Weal ride of Llenell u. Weter f n ahafts end then leek of veter for \lahing alluviel dirt ¥ere conatant problems for locel miners and during the nineteenth centuru they cormructed several of theae veter races 'w'1th1n the shire. Tins 1s one of the more substent1e1 remnants of ..-e1er wrkl in the rmmng era and ia an interesting example of the subs1d1erv vorb on vh1ch m11'11 no depended. LOCAL SIGNI flCAN:E lfi/SllTIJWN WTERW! SITE LISTINGS 178 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO SANDSTONE MINE LOCATION: PARISH OF TARNAGULLA -/G NATMAP : 55.6/31.6 TO THE NORTH OF LLANELL V ( 0.6 KS NORTH) ON THE EAST SI DE OF BRIDGEWATER-DUNOLLY RD . SITUATED ALONGSIDE RAILWAY LINE AND REACHED BV BULLDOG LANE. DESCRIPTION An extensive and lar9ely re\tlorked mininQ fleld. The site includes a dam and tam ng he!lfl' scettered over the site. Some remMnts of mine structur~., altho1J9h these are in e degraded state. Some of the tailings have been re1.Vork.ed and ot appears that others h8ve been removed from the site. HISTORY During 1864, John DaYie! crushed ore obtained from the Sandstone Reef. He cont1 nued 'with thb vork until 1866 \a'hen Bousf1e1d's Company began cr~hi ng. Hawever they obtat ned a yield of less than half Ul3t obtained by Devie$ i o 1864. In 186 7, the Siiuth Sandstone Company Md sunk a shaft to a depth of 120 feet. By the end of 186 7, the South Sand3tone Company and the Victoria Company shared the reef. The Victoria D>mpeny seemed to hs'¥e secured the richest lease end after crushing 200 loads of ore they had obtsined an ounce of gold from esch crushing. In the folloving year, the South Sandstone ComP3nY had also hit upon a rich vein and in June crushed quartz 'w'trich yielded 1 112 ounces per ton. By 1869 the SoUth 5ancbtone Company had ten men w-orldng on their mine and had sunk the SMft to 170 feet. A third company, the Pri~ Royal had also begun operations on the field. By 1871, the rich returns of the South Sandstone Company had dtc11ned end the mine was let on tr;bute. Other companies on the reef had suspended 'Work until 'w'ater could be cleared from $hafts. Duri r19 the l 870s several of the rompenies on tMs reef amalgamated their .claims and sank shafts to 500 feet Lee~ cherl(Jed Mn SIGN! FICANCE The Sandstone Reef 'w'es one of the reefa in which local!~ a rev1val of mining in the earl v 1870s. While the dam fa the principal remnant of this mining activity, there are suffic;errt elements 1ef1 from the 1870s to s~ something of the importa~ of the site. While much of the area has been dt9radetl by recent act1v1ty, it is st111 \torthy of protection because of these links 1t11th the r1chness of mining in the district in the 18703. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Source: guarterly.ll,P.Orts, mining survey2,L SITE LISTINGS 179 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO - : - ~ ~ ~:-1o> 'l°-=-.. .:>. • . SITE LISTINGS 181 SH IRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLU1"1E T"wO JANEYALE- LAANECOORI E BRIDGE LOCATION: PARISH OF WAANVARRA NATMAP: 58.4120.4 CROSSES THE LODDON RIVER JOINING BET BET AND MARONG ON THE TARNAGULLA -MARONG ROAD DATE : 1909-1911 ARCHITECT: MONASH, SIR JOHN OWNER; VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DESCRIPTION Acancrete and steel girder bridge about 13.7 metr~ high. Ten spans each of 12.8 metres 'w'ith 3pans 8 and 9 of one cantinuous caMtruction. Ro&d'w'8y of 5.1 metres. Tf'le road\y1ey is supported by aincrete piers of unusual design. HISTORY The connection between Tarnagulla and Laanec.oorie 'w'8S al\t'ays important to the shi re. For a t1 me the northeern 1ink through Newb r1 dge drw most traffic, but the exte"'ion offarmir19 ecrcm th! old common lamb and the incr~ in population in the south of.the shire around the Burnt Creek field made the laaneccorie a major 11 nk 'with Bendf go 1n the first instance and ttl!n Melbourne. This br1dqe 'w'SS erected to replace an earlier structure s'w'ept e-way f n disastrous floods in 1909. It 'w'ts designed by Sir John Monash to e novel pattern. Monssh mede i nnnovattve use af new materials. The only real alteretion in the desi9n has been in the replacement of 'w'ooden h3ndrails by metal guard$. In 1939 additional stirrups 'w'ere added. SIGNI f ICANCE The earliest example of a reinforced concrete beam and slab bridge co08truc1ion in Victoria. Importent on a stete wide basi' for 1131 nnovetion in design. As 'vlell it is important loctll y b~use it reflects an important co-operative effort by the shires of Bet Bet and Harong. The t'w'o councils got together almost immediately after the flOOds and pushed hard for completion of this new structure. STATE SIGNIFICANCE Source: Ministry of Planning end Environment file. SITE LI ST ING S 182 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO JlmiUEBl?lq;{ llI ! ' SITE LISTINGS 183 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVAT ION STUDY: VOLUME TWO lMl£COORI E DAM LOCATION: PARISH Of WMNYARRA-EDDlflrrON. MM WALL ON LODOON RIVER BETWEEN THE SHI RES OF BET BET ANO MAROM;. NATMAP: 59.9/19.5 ACCESS VI A ROAD Off THE EDDI PmON- LMNECOORI E RD. , 0 .5 KS. SOUTH Of THE INTERSECTION WITH TARNAGULLA-LMNECOJRIE RD. THE RESERVOIR ITSELF EXTENDS SOUTH ALOt«; THE COURSE Of THE RIVER TO THE EDDll'l;TON BRIDGE MIJJR OWNER: VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT DATE: 1891 DESCRIPTION The Laenecoone dam "'811 tnd reaervotr are situated on the Loddon Rtver north of the twn of Eddington and near to Laenecoone twnshtp. The bents of the reservoir include a camptno around and a nature reserve (Brwnb111 Reaerve) . Neer 1he Eddington Bridge stored wter hes ereeted beck'w'lters Yhtch run u•r the EcUt ngton- Laanecoorie Roed. The dem wl1 constata of a main embankment of earth and a concrete sptllwv 'w1th 2411oodgetes. Near to the sptlhnu is a amen cat rn of rock commemorating the efforts of the wrkmen Yho laboured on the site. HISTORY T'he Laenecoorfe We1 r we completed t n 1891 11 a cost of more then £ 132000 . It creeted • lake more then flve miles long. A per1iamentarv tnqutrv investipted aome of the land tre~one tasOCtated Yith the butldtng of the dam and several EddtnQton residents wre accueed of collusion '!itth Lancb Department offlctals in 1nflet1 no lend val uni n areas to b8 flooded b\I the dam. In 1909 e huge flood filled the dem end burst the retaining wn. Water from the dim wept wev the taenecoorie br1ci)8 and demal)ed br10;Jes further north. The dim wll wa rebuilt end then tn 1948 the floodgetet wre al• recona1ructed. Theee addttiona wre completed in 1957~ SIGNI f ICANCE The Leenecoorie dim 'WIS constructed a a retailrinQ dim to r111ulete river 11w in the fl rat tnstance. lrr1Qttlon 'WIS I MCOndarv aim. Nevertheless it wa constructed at e tt me vhen t rr1911ion and the U* of t nl end 'w'lter wre ettract1 no a ,,oct deal of ettentton in Victor1e. The Lannecoorie project ¥19 pert of thie broeder movement. Indeed it ¥19 one of the ear1ieb venturer of thta aort. lta a191riflcance Ha tn ita earl\! date of construction, ib impact in creetinQ a nw mtcro-env1 ronment in the sh1 re and its uniqueness as the ont vlarge wrk of 1hts tgpe 'With1 n the shi re. LOCAL SIGNI FICA.CE Source: Jt Cerlesa, Edd1 noton Reflect19Q1. Reoort of tf!R Select Comittee on the puree of lend for i rdaetton ouroom IS l.MD!C90de Weir. V1ctodtn Parlftmeotaru Paoen .189 t ,vol . J• SITE LI STINGS 184 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO i SITE LISTINGS 1 85 SHlRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO WET GULLY TRACK - ALAMEDA TRACK Mt NIN& AREA LOCATION: PARISH or WMNYARAA AttD PARISH OF DUMOLL v NATMAP:48/19-49/19-4918-48/18 AT JUNCTION Of WET GULL V TRACK AND ALAMEDA TRACK EAST Of MODEL FARM RD. DESCRIPTION ExteMive area o1 remMnb of alluvial minfng \\lfthin for~t Puddling 'w'heel 'w'Hhin the eree M well a~ some ta111riJJ8 and filled $hefts. HISTORY r · Little CM naman'$ aM ~veral later rush brought dil}Qer3 into th18 district. Th': area ltt1' between the rus~ at Wild Doq &OO Burnt Cr~k and ttme at Sand!J Creek and W&an1J3rra. The ~rby 'Shoots' are3 el so attracted miners. As a result the ground in 1hh aree -Ya! tr1ed $8Wral ti mes b!J m1 oers from both tht.se nt1ghbour1 rig &r~ 'w'ith occmonal rich finds. 'I ' i! S!GNfflCA~E Si9nif1cant 8$ a remneot of one o1 the ali uv181 fields 'w'ork:e.d over on several J occasions durinQ the nirieteerrth-century. The remoonts of puddlin9 wheels and other signs of m1ninq 1echniq~ give the area en &dde-0 Interest. LOCAL SIGNlflCAHCE S-Ource: 1 fleH, Duf'IQ]ly .. Q~rterlv.n,~,..mi.at.n9~ 1 WET GUU. r T&Ki.' SITE LISTINGS 1 86 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO POSEIDOI HllE LOCATION: PARISH Of WMNYARRA. NATHAP: 58.5125.S TARNAGULl.A-POSEIOOH RD. ANO EDDllllTON-NEWBRIDGE RD. INTERSECTION. ON SOUTH-WEST CORNER OF INTERSECTION. DESCRIPTION A sma11 dump of soil end ~red bricks ere the onl11 remnants of this mtne. TheM stand bU the roecb1de end ere v1stbte from the rood, howver much of the 9011 ,_ been remowd through vtnd and human ectfon. The mine ts marked b1.I e stonpost et the roadside. HISTORY The Poseidon rtl!h occurred in 1906·through thia er-et vtth cHQOinos runni"9 from near the l.oddon Rtver alono the TernaQu11a- Poseidon Rold. The rush ¥ee sperbd off bu a ftoo made 1n a shaft bu J Porter on Melbourne Cup Dau, 6 November 1906 (hence the nemo 'Poseidon' - the Me1 bourne Cup vine r of tlm · vear). The flnt di~rlJ ...,.. made on CrO'w'n lend near allotment 14 A, tn Tar1'189ulla perish. The largest nUOQet founct ·\leS the Posetdon nUIJQet, vef9hfno 953 ouias eend diacovered on 12 Damber 1906. The rUth created en 1nstent twn f n the area and a number of amall ahaft m1 ne:a operated for some uears after the rush feded. Other shafta deted from a rush tn 1903 ofter the d1scoveru of the 'Nick O' Time' nugoet. Amof19 the mines in the area ..-ere the Nevbrldge United, the star of Leddon and the Home\lard Bound, ell located on the Nick'O Ttme 1ead. The Posetdon "ttea one of the principal mines in thia siptem. SIGNI FICAM:E There f$ little left of this mfne to compare vlth the remnants of U.oae in other perts of the ahire . It does not rmke a dom1 nant lendform feature tn the manner of the Burnt Creek No. 1 mfne for example. Nevertheless thfs it en importent relic f n that it reQfster' the last of the major rushes throuoh the ah1re. It ts a remnant of a gold rush more than ftfl~ veers after the flnt rustle$ to Bet Bet till so reminds us of the long association ._.hich this area has had '-1th small-SC31e m1n1nQ. It ts also one of the roott vts1b1e remnanb of m1n1ng in this part of the ahi re alll so reflects the broed i mpect of mi n1 llQ right through Bet Bet LOCAL SIGHIFICAM:E Source: Htmri.:81 notes, Ternegulle Gold Museum. SITE LISTINGS 187 SHIRE OF BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO BRI OGE WMllYARRA LOCATION: PARISH OF WMNVARRA NATNAP: 54119.5 ON TARNAGULLA-EDDINGTON RD AT WMNYARRA CREEK DESCRIPTION &mlt masonry bridge abuttments 00\I servtno to support o steel framed concrete deck brldQe from c 1950. The abuttment "Walls are tvp1caly flared jn plan and uper stone mmnr" querry-fece with e strtno mould 'w'ith drafted marQt na ~xiendf no et deck level. Typical a1'19le-cut t1 mber ran and pos1 betustredino bused betvun abuttmenb. SIGNIFICANCE While the briliQe itself ha$ been altered, the ba!alt w-ork ts unique in the shire. The are an 1ntermil'l9 and unusual element f n the local environment. LOCAL SIGN! FICAtcE m¥1~ 6RlbGE r 1 TC""' I 1rTl\l,..I""" 1 88 BE 7 BE: U)~·~SER V A TiO~~ STUC1'1 VOLUf-lE TWO THE NEW PEPPERS LOCATION: PARISH Of WAR£EK 8Al2 NATMAP: 40/4.2 APPROX. O.SKS. NORTH Of THE BET BET CREEK) 0.75 KS. TO THE SOUTH OF TIMOR-DUNLUCE RD DOWN TRACK 0.75 KS. TO THE EAST OF THE JUNCTION WITH THE BET BET -Tl MOR WEST RD. DESCRIPTION Double fronted Edwardian farmh:o~e . With half-timberered facade . Verandst1 and verandah po.sis in ori9inal condition, two chimneys. Materials w-ell-maintained. Little evidence of alteration or addit1ons after the date of bull ding. HISTORY This house 'w'as buuilt in t 916 by Martin Hickey, one of the oriqi nal selector$ 1n the Ti mor srea and a patron of the local Catholic church and a promoter of the West Ti mor 'chool. The house ~s a second stege farmhouse into 'Which the Hickey family moved after living in a smaller and more simple d1,v1elling on their original selection. By the ti me thl.s buildi nq was completed the family trad expanded their holdings and become one of the more succesful farming groups in this part of the shire. SIGNIFICANCE . The ho°'e represents the ri~ing fortunes of farmer' 'Who survived the early da~ of selection. ft is as ·well a 'Well-maintained example of a c.omfTU)n building style from the early twentieth century. LOCAL SIGN! Fl CANCE Source: Hickey famny Hfatory 189 BET BET CONSERVATION STUDY: VOLUME TWO THlNltt'PlPPl~ 1 I ! SITF LI STINGS