Dunolly and Inglewood State Forests FS0077 Joanna Lebbink ISSN-1440-2262

January 2007 Dunolly and Inglewood State Forests FS0077 Joanna Lebbink ISSN-1440-2262

Dunolly and Inglewood State Forests History

Take some time to enjoy the beautiful Box-Ironbark INDIGENOUS HISTORY forests near Inglewood and Dunolly. These forests The local Indigenous Jaara Jaara people have contain diverse native plants and animals. occupied the Box-Ironbark forest area for thousands Picturesque Box-Ironbark forest is a great place to of years. They have a special connection with the get away from it all, relax and appreciate natural land, which they respected and cared for. The forest beauty. provided food and shelter critical to their survival.

Forests around Dunolly and Inglewood have a rich The arrival of European settlers led to dramatic cultural history. Evidence of the long-term occupation declines in the population of the Jaara Jaara people of the Jaara Jaara people is still found today. The as they were overcome by introduced diseases. arrival of Europeans and the gold rush changed the Their community and their way of living were region forever. With nearby townships Moliagul and drastically changed forever. Tarnagulla, Dunolly forms the Golden Triangle. This region has produced more gold nuggets than any Today, the Jaara Jaara people continue their special other Australian goldfield. connection with the land and the Box-Ironbark forest. They are strongly involved in forest management and Our Box-Ironbark forests tell a fascinating story continue to strengthen their culture. of change and survival. How you use the forest today will shape our forests of the future. How OUR GOLDEN PAST will you help shape the next chapter? Before the gold rush Grazing opportunities attracted the first European settlers to the areas now known as Dunolly and Inglewood. The Simson brothers were the first pastoralists to arrive in the 1840s.

The discovery of gold Inglewood was established during the gold rush when large amounts of gold were found at Thompsons Gully in 1858. The town’s population reportably reached almost 50,000 in the 1860s, earning it the nickname 'City in the Scrub'.

Gold was found in Dunolly in 1865 and its population is estimated to have once been 35,000 people. Photo: Flame Heath (DEPI/ Lebbink) The gold rush was full of hope and dreams for Getting here miners but the lifestyle was tough. Work was Dunolly is located 190 km north west of Melbourne backbreaking and many miners and their families and 62 km west of Bendigo. From Melbourne, head perished. Against the odds, some miners struck it north west along the Calder Highway. Turn left on to lucky and their stories of success kept the hope alive the Pyrenees Highway, which leads to Maryborough. in struggling miners. From Maryborough, head north along the Bendigo – Maryborough Road and then veer left along the The discovery of the Welcome Stranger is a story of Maryborough Dunolly Road until you reach Dunolly. hope to prospectors even today. The world's largest recorded alluvial gold nugget, it was unearthed at Inglewood is located 185 km north west of Bulldog Gully in February 1869 by miners John Melbourne and 45 km north west of Bendigo. From Deason and Richard Oates. It contained over 70 kg Melbourne, head north west along the Calder of solid gold and changed the lives of its finders, who Highway, passing Bendigo until you reach were barely earning enough to live before the Inglewood. discovery. You can find the Welcome Stranger

Dunolly and Inglewood State Forests FS000077

monument within Moliagul Historic Reserve two The understorey typically has numerous native kilometres south west of Moliagul. grasses, although taller shrubs including Golden Wattle may also be present. Native cherry trees are The discovery of the Hand of Faith is a more recent common in some locations and have edible red fruits success story. Kevin Hillier unearthed this nugget once eaten by Indigenous people. During Spring and containing 27 kg of gold in 1980 behind the Kingower early Summer, wild flowers blanket the forest floor. State School on Ironbark Road just out of the Look carefully and you may find delicate wild flowers township. A small sign marks the location (GPS including Early Nancy, Scented Sundew, Shiny Easting 0746314 Northing 5944644). Everlastings and the eye-catching Flame Heath.

After the gold rush As the gold diggings petered out in the early 1900s, eucalyptus oil production became popular in Inglewood. Eucalyptus oil has been distilled in Victoria’s Box-Ironbark forests since the 1870s and was one of Australia’s first export products to England.

The majority of eucalyptus oil production in Victoria comes from blue and green mallee (E. polybractea and E. viridis) stands adjoining Box-Ironbark forest. The oil is good quality with high cineole content and keenly sought for medicinal as well as industrial applications. Eucalyptus oil is still produced in this Photo: Spreading Wattle (DEPI/ Lebbink) area today. As you pass Kingower State Forest, keep your eyes open for areas of small mallee Animals eucalypts harvested for eucalyptus oil. While exploring the Box-Ironbark forest surrounding Today, Dunolly and Inglewood are beautiful little Dunolly and Inglewood you may encounter local historic towns. Spectacular Box-Ironbark forest inhabitants such as the Black Wallaby, Short-beaked surrounding them contain relics of the gold mining Echidna, Sulfur Crested Cockatoo or a soaring era. If you are seeking to escape from the cities you Wedge Tailed Eagle. At night, you may see and hear can enjoy the scenic landscape and the wide-open nocturnal animals in the tree canopy, including the spaces. If you are feeling lucky, the area is also still Common Ringtail Possum and Sugar Gliders. popular for gold prospecting. White Winged Choughs are birds with interesting Plants social lives commonly found in the Box-Ironbark forest. They hang out in social flocks consisting of The State forests surrounding Dunolly and Inglewood the are part of the Box-Ironbark forest region. The Box- parents and offspring from previous years. The Ironbark ecosystem is a precious and unique young birds take four years to reach breeding environment that provides habitat to numerous native maturity and during this time they stay with their plants and animals, many of them rare or threatened. parents and help with household chores, including Predominant overstorey species include Grey Box babysitting, feeding younger birds and nest building. (Eucalyptus microcarpa), Red Box (E. Chough families have a better chance of survival polyanthemos), Yellow Gum (E. leucoxylon) and Red with more individuals in the group. Families are even Ironbark (E. tricarpa). known to kidnap young birds from neighbouring

groups to help with their chores.

Photo: Native cherry tree (Parks Victoria)

Photo: White Winged Choughs (Parks Victoria)

Bush walking Bush walking is one of the best ways to explore and experience the Box-Ironbark forest. Wild flowers blanket the forest floor in Spring and Summer. If you are lucky and observant you may stumble across hidden relics of the gold mining era. This forest is a great place to walk your dog. Just ensure your dog is under control and does not disturb wildlife or other visitors.

Camping

Camping is permitted within State forests and a great

way to relax and enjoy the Box-Ironbark

surroundings. Most camping spots are informal bush

camps suitable for the self-sufficient camper who Photo: Feathertail Glider (DEPI/McCann) enjoys ‘roughing it’. Be sure to leave your bush camp The Box-Ironbark forest is particularly important the way you find it. because it provides habitat for numerous threatened  Camp in designated areas. species,. including the Brush-tailed Phascogale,  Don’t disturb wildlife or vegetation. Swift Parrot and Bush Stone-curlew.  Take your rubbish home with you.  When no toilet facilities are provided, bury your Geology and geomorphology toilet waste 15 cm deep and at least 100 m from The Box-Ironbark landscape is relatively flat, with any watercourse. sedimentary mudstone, slates and sandstone.  Take care with fire. Observe all fire regulations Harder metamorphic rocks and sandstones often and Total Fire Ban days. protrude as clusters of rocky hills that contrast with  Use existing fireplaces or dig 30 cm deep the relatively flat surrounding landscape. Granite trenches. intrusions also occur and often appear as  Collect only dead wood from the ground. distinguished clusters of huge boulders which are  Fires should be less than one metre square and interesting to explore and climb. Gold-bearing quartz at least three meters clear of flammable material. reefs lie within these ancient sediments and provided  Never leave fires unattended and ensure they much of the gold found in this region. are completely extinguished before you leave.

Soils of the Box-Ironbark region are generally  Drive only on vehicle tracks (no off-road driving). shallow and date back to the Ordovician era (430-  Shooting without a licence is not permitted. 500 million years ago) when this area was covered Bird watching by ocean. These old shallow soils have lost their Bring your binoculars because the Box-Ironbark nutrients through weathering processes. In many forest is home to numerous birds and ideal for bird places, especially rocky-outcrops, the base rock lies enthusiasts. This area provides habitat for close to the ground surface and the roots of hardy endangered bird species including the Swift Parrot plants grow directly into the disintegrating rock. and the Bush Stone-curlew.

Activities to enjoy in the State forest Box-Ironbark forest is great for a lazy picnic and stroll through historical sites. There are numerous opportunities for enjoyment. Help keep our Box- Ironbark beautiful by reducing your impacts and taking your rubbish home. Please respect all native plants, animals, historic sites and geographical features.

Prospecting Prospecting can be exciting and sometimes rewarding. Many of the world’s largest nuggets were Photo: Zebra Finch (DEPI/McCann) found in areas not far from Inglewood and Dunolly. All prospectors require a Miner’s Right. You can Bike riding purchase a Miner’s Right online from the Department Grab a bike map, gear up and explore this amazing of Primary Industries website at www.depi.vic.gov.au Box-Ironbark forest on bike. It has a maze of Prospecting is permitted in most State forests and interesting tracks suitable for all levels of experience. many reserves. Please remember to re-fill any holes The Dunolly Cycle Tracks brochure produced by the you dig and leave the area the way you find it. Dunolly Community Action Group provides more information.

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SCENT ROAD Loddon Inkerman TARNAGULLA

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To Wedderburn TTo Wedderburn edderburn Dunolly & Inglewood Mt Korong Nature WEDDERBURN State ForestsWychitella Conservation ROAD Reserve Nature Wychitella Conservation Nature Highway Reserve A79 Conservation SERPENTINE Reserve CALDER Major sealed road ROAD WEDDERBURN ROAD WEDDERBURN Minor sealed road C273 Ryan BERRIMAL ROAD WEDDERBURNMajor unsealed road ROADMinor unsealed road AUD BOORT LOGAN a ARNAUD TARNT Inglewood Vehicle track (4WD) Flora Brenanah Reserve SUNDAY MORNING HILLS Glenalbyn Creek alking track Kurraca Creek STATE FOREST Creek West OLD Railway Buggins Flat Salisbury West tate Forest KOOYOORA HIGHWAY POWLETT STATE PARK Creek GLENALBYN Creek DUNOLLY National Park WEDDERBURN STATE INGLEWOOD FOREST STATE KURTING WEDDERBURN Hope FOREST Flora Reserve Forbes INGLEWOOD Creek ROAD Nature Conservation Valley Kurting Kurraca FentonsReserve ROAD Gropers

WEHLA Creek KURTING Community Use Area Creek Gully BRENANAH ROAD

Wehla ROAD Natural Features Forbes KOOYOORA SERPENTINE Reserve Creek STATE PARK C274 Kingower Earth Resources Services & Utilities Inglewood

Historic Reserve ROAD Hope Creek Valley KURTING CALDER

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Recreational ROAD ROAD Kingower Facilities WEHLA Logan ROAD KINGOWER Butchers KINGOWER Bullabul l

Camping EHLA Camp Site I R ROAD O N DAM BARK River Fireplace l RD FLAT

Ironbark Dam INGLEWOOD Historic site Picnic Area KINGOWER BURKES ROAD Bald Hill STATE Information FOREST Simpsons ROAD ARNOLD

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Ck RD Archdale ROAD Waanyarra Creek FARM BEALIBA Goldsborough Recreation WAANYARRA / MALDON DUNOLLY CAINS +

EDDINGTON ARCHDALE Area DUNOLLY Wo STATE Laanecoorie ROAD Mount C274 FOREST Bealiba RANGE Creek RD Bradford

Creek ROAD TRACK To Bendigo

Junction DUNOLLY C276 EDDINGTONROAD MARYBOROUGHEddington C282

ROAD ROAD AVOCA EDDINGTON BETLEY C277 Loddon ROAD MARYBOROUGH Creek ROAD MOUNT EDDINGTON To Avoca Mount HOOGHLY ROAD FORBES STATE Hooghly ROAD SOUTH ROAD Dunluce FOREST ROAD Bells Swamp C278 EDDINGTON Nature Betley Creek Conservation BEALIBA DUNOLLY Bet Bet Reserve ToTo Maldon Maldon Creek DUNOLLY RD BARINGHUP

BENDIGO River CALDER BET BET CREEK OLD Bet Bet + l To Avoca ROAD C288 Tullaroop St.Arnaud Inglewood l HWY AVOCA WIMMERA Havelock TIMOR SUNRAYSIA Bendigo Nature l HWY To Maryborough Conservation ROAD Reserve Dunolly l HWY This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its officers do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is Maldon Maryborough l wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you Castlemaine l l relying on any information in this publication. Avocal HWY PYRENEES DUNOLLY & INGLEWOOD STATE FORESTS © State of Victoria, Department of Environment and Primary Industries Page 5 l MIDLAND Dunolly and Inglewood State Forests FS0077

FOR YOUR OWN SAFETY! More information Look out for old mine shafts when walking through the The Department of Environment and Primary Industries forest. (DEPI) is responsible for managing Victoria's State forest. Attractions Visit the DEPI website at www.depi.vic.gov.au Bealiba Reservoir Bealiba Reservoir near Bealiba is a great for a lazy picnic. For more information contact: (GPS 0729499 5923642)  DEPI Inglewood office  5438 3066  DEPI Customer Service Centre  136 186. Mt Bealiba Mt Bealiba is well worth a visit, with spectacular views of the surrounding forest and farmland. If you have a 4WD Acknowledgments you can take the steep track to the top. Otherwise, leave Attwood, B. (1999) My Country: a history of Djadja Wurrung 1837- your car at the bottom and enjoy the walk to the top. 1864. Monash Publications in History. Victoria (GPS 0731539 5923085) Calder, M. and Calder, J. (2002) Victoria’s Box-Ironbark Country; A Bealiba Ironbarks field guide. Victorian National Parks Association. Victoria As you drive through Bealiba/Barp Forest, keep you eyes Clark, I. D. and Cahir, D. A. (2004) Tanderrum ‘Freedom of the bush’. open for the Bealiba Green Blue Ironbarks. There are two Friends of Mount Alexander Diggings. Victoria distinctive types of Ironbark in this area. One has bluish Deason, D. (2005) Welcome, Stranger: the amazing true story of one leaves and the other greenish leaves. The most popular man's legendary search for gold, at all costs. Viking. place to see this is shown on the map. Camberwell, Victoria. (GPS 0731775 5924502) Flett, J. (1980) Dunolly : Story of an Old Gold-Diggings. Poppet Head Eucalypt distillery Press. Melbourne. Kingower State Forest is scattered with areas of Blue and Green mallee popular for eucalyptus oil production. Keep your eyes open for areas of small mallee eucalypts harvested for this purpose. This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its officers do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw Ironbark Dam of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other Ironbark Dam is great for a picnic. It has a basic wood consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in BBQ and picnic tables and is surrounded by beautiful old this publication. Ironbark trees. The dam is located on the corner of Ironbark Dam Road and Ironbark Ext. (GPS 0748037 5942502)

Orchid Dam Orchid Dam is another beautiful spot for a lazy picnic. There are picnic tables and a wood BBQ. Explore the surrounding forest and see if you can find a scar tree. Orchid Dam is located off Orchid Dam Road. (GPS 0746916 5940273).

Bald Hill A drive along Kingower Range (along Bald Hills Road) up to Bald Hill offers amazing panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. You can see Mt Kooyoora and Mt Karong to the north. Mt Bealiba, Mt Alexander and Mt Moliagul are to the south. You might even spot a wedge tailed eagle nest towering in a tree. (GPS 0743952 5941171)