Finding Aid for the Carol Ruth Silver Collection (Coll. 38) NEJL.038

Produced using Archivists' Toolkit

National Equal Justice Library Georgetown University Law Library 111 G. Street NW Washington, D.C., 20001 202-662-4043 [email protected] Finding Aid for the Carol Ruth Silver Collection (Coll. 38) NEJL.0

Table of Contents

Summary Information ...... 3 Biographical/Historical note...... 4 Scope and Contents note...... 4 Administrative Information ...... 5 Controlled Access Headings...... 5

- Page 2 - Finding Aid for the Carol Ruth Silver Collection (Coll. 38) NEJL.0

Summary Information

Repository National Equal Justice Library Creator Silver, Carol Ruth Title Carol Ruth Silver Collection Date 1967-1972 Extent 5.2 linear feet Language English

- Page 3 - Finding Aid for the Carol Ruth Silver Collection (Coll. 38) NEJL.0

Biographical/Historical note

Carol Ruth Silver attended the University of Chicago, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in 1960 and her JD in 1964. She was one of only five women in her law school class. In 1961, she joined the Freedom Riders, and rode a bus bound for Jackson, Mississippi. She recalled in 2011: "On June 2, 1961, I got on a bus in New York bound for Jackson. The bus went to Nashville, where we wrote our wills. When we arrived in Jackson, on June 7, I went into the bus station waiting room marked 'Colored.' I took three steps and was arrested and transported to the city jail." (Sam Whiting, Catching Up with Carol Ruth Silver, S.F. Chronicle, April 14, 2011.) After spending 40 days in jail, the group was released on bail. The charges were dismissed only after a successful appeal to the US Supreme Court. In 2014, she published a book about her experiences: Freedom Rider Diary: Smuggled Notes from Parchman Prison. University Press of Mississippi, 2014. After law school, Silver returned to the South to intern with civil rights lawyer Floyd B. McKissick. From there she went to California and worked as a legal services lawyer with Berkeley Neighborhood Legal Services, California Rural Legal Services Delano Office, and Alamada County Legal Aid Society Fruitvale Office. She also consulted for the NLADA in Alaska. She introduced the use of paralegals, and improved the office management by introducing forms for the most common problems of her indigent clients. In 1977, Silver was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, where she worked closely with the mayor George Moscone and fellow supervisor Harvey Milk, both of whom were shot to death in City Hall in 1978. During her three terms, she spearheaded progressive legislation, such as rent control, limits on condominium conversions, and – with Harvey Milk -- co-sponsored an anti-discrimination ordinance prohibiting anti-gay discrimination in housing and employment. In 2007, Silver became the directing attorney for the San Francisco Sheriff’s Department Prisoner Legal Services program, but resigned from that position in 2009 protesting a system that supported the War on Drugs. She has founded and been active with a number of organizations, including the Chinese American International School, and the Afghan Friends Network, which supports schooling for Afghan girls and women, and Master Teachers by Satellite for Afghanistan.

Scope and Contents note

The records include materials from Carol Ruth Silver's services as a legal services attorney in the 1960s, the early days of the legal services program. They include files from Berkeley Neighborhood Legal Services, California Rural Regal Services Delano Office, Alamada County Legal Aid Society Fruitvale Office, and material from Silver's consulting work for the NLADA in Alaska. They cover the period from 1967-1971.

- Page 4 - Finding Aid for the Carol Ruth Silver Collection (Coll. 38) NEJL.0

Administrative Information

Publication Information National Equal Justice Library

Rights All rights reserved by Georgetown University Law Library unless otherwise noted.

Immediate Source of Acquisition note Donated by CRS to the NEJL on January 13, 2003.

Processing Information note Some folders in the collection (box 1) had significant mold damage, which must have predated the donation. BMSCAT digitized these affected files, and subsequently destroyed the originals. The digital surrogates are availble stored: Z:\holding\documents\nejl038_carol_ruth_silver Donation letter exists, but could not find donation form.

Controlled Access Headings

Corporate Name(s) • California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation. • Office of Economic Opportunity. Legal Services Program.

Subject(s) • Legal assistance to the poor--Alaska • Legal assistance to the poor--California

- Page 5 -