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Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Euryomma Stein (Diptera: Calyptratae: Fanniidae)

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Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Euryomma Stein (Diptera: Calyptratae: Fanniidae) 75 (2): 303 – 326 8.9.2017 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2017. Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the genus Euryomma Stein (Diptera: Calyptratae: Fanniidae) M. Cecilia Domínguez * & Sergio A. Roig-Juñent Laboratorio de Entomología (IADIZA - CCT CONICET Mendoza), CC: 507, CP: 5500, Mendoza, Argentina; M. Cecilia Domínguez * [mcdomin@ mendoza-conicet.gov.ar]; Sergio A. Roig-Juñent [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 24.iv.2017. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 30.viii.2017. Editors in charge: Bradley Sinclair & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract The species of genus Euryomma is revised, and 16 valid species are recognized. Redescriptions for all species are provided, except for six species recently described from Colombia and Costa Rica for which only differential diagnoses are provided. Illustrations of the male genitalia have been added to Stein’s descriptions of E. rufifrons, E. longicorne and E. nigrifemur. The following synonyms are proposed: Euryomma erythrogaster Séguy = E. longicorne Stein; Euryomma tahami Grisales, Wolff & Carvalho = E. carioca Albuquerque; Eu- ryomma cornuatum Grisales, Wolff & Carvalho = E. nigrifemur Stein; Euryomma steini Grisales & Carvalho = E. palpingens Wendt. New distribution records are added and maps showing the known distribution of each species are provided, except for the cosmopolitan E. peregrinum. An identification key to the species of Euryomma is also provided. We propose the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Euryomma based on a cladistic analysis using characters from male adult external morphology and male and female terminalia. A cladistic analysis performed using implied weighting shows the genus as a monophyletic group, but relationships among species show little support. Key words Euryomma, taxonomic revision, distribution, maps, cladistic analysis. 1. Introduction Euryomma Stein is a small genus of the family Fanniidae Euryomma rettenmeyeri Chillcott and Euryomma pana- that contains a total of 20 mostly Neotropical species, mensis Chillcott were collected in association with colo- with the exception of one Nearctic species and the cos- nies of the ant Eciton burchelli (Westwood), flying above mopolitan Euryomma peregrinum Meigen (CHILLCOTT refuse heaps and both the adults and the larvae were de- 1961; CARVALHO et al. 2003; GRISALES et al. 2012a; GRIS- scribed by CHILLCOTT (1958). GRISALES et al. (2012a,b) ALES et al. 2012b). described several new species from Colombia and Costa Little is known about the biology of Euryomma. The Rica, that were collected on decomposing organic matter, larvae of the cosmopolitan E. peregrinum have been re- mostly dung and fish traps. corded in rotting plant material, leaf litter or compost, also in living plants already attacked by other inverte- Taxonomy. STEIN (1899) erected the genus Euryomma for brates (Rozkošný et al. 1997). They have been also re- a single nominal species: Euryomma hispaniense Stein. corded in vertebrate carrion and the adults of this species STEIN (1907) subsequently synonymised Euryomma his- have been found on pig carrion (ABALLAY et al. 2012). paniense Stein with Anthomyia peregrina Meigen, 1826. ISSN 1863-7221 (print) | eISSN 1864-8312 (online) 303 Domínguez & Roig-Juñent: Phylogeny and revision of Euryomma (Fanniidae) Consequently, the type species of the genus Euryomma is 2. Methods Anthomyia peregrina Meigen, by monotypy. Among the earliest contributions to the taxonomy of Euryomma were the original descriptions of four Chilean and Peruvian species by STEIN (1911) and SÉGUY (1941). 2.1. Taxonomic work ALBUQUERQUE (1956) described a species from Bra- zil, and a single North American and two species from Panama were later described by CHILLCOTT (1958, 1961). All known synonyms are provided for each species, as CARVALHO & PAMPLONA (1979) published the first key to well as a list of generic combinations for the currently the species of Euryomma and described a species from valid names. Brazil. WENDT & CARVALHO (2007) also presented the de- Species distributions are based on examined material scription of a new species along with a key for the spe- and reliable published records. Countries and localities cies occurring in Southern Brazil. The most recent con- are given in full for examined specimens. tributions are those of GRISALES et al. (2012a,b) in which Measurements are expressed as follows: body length: nine new species from Colombia and Central America anterior margin of head (frons), excluding antennae, to were described. apex of abdomen. For genitalic examination, we followed O’HARA Phylogeny. There are no previous hypotheses for the re- (2002). The abdomen was removed from a dry specimen lationships among the species of Euryomma. However, and heated in 10% KOH for 10 – 15 minutes. The abdo- the position of this genus within Fanniidae was discussed men was then transferred to acetic acid, and then to glyc- by CHILLCOTT (1961), who suggested a sister group rela- erine. The postabdominal structures were separated from tionship with the Fannia canicularis species group. HEN- the rest of the abdomen. Examination and illustration of NIG (1965) presented a list of apomorphies of the family genitalic structures were done using a compound micro- Fanniidae (treated at that time as Fanniinae, a subfam- scope equipped with a drawing tube. After examination, ily of Muscidae), and described and discussed many of the genitalia and the rest of the abdomen were placed in these characters and their states for the known genera of glycerine in a plastic microvial and pinned directly under Fanniidae. HENNIG (1965) considered Euryomma a primi- the specimen. tive representative of the family more closely related to Other illustrations were done using a stereomicro- the F. canicularis species-group which he considered a scope. The scale is indicated in each drawing. monophyletic group. Similarly, CHILLCOTT (1961), who presented a dendrogram (obtained by cluster analysis) that classified the Fanniidae of the Holarctic region into five genera (Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, Euryomma, 2.2. Phylogenetic work Piezura Rondani, Platycoenosia Strobl and Coelomyia Haliday) and also showed Euryomma at a basal position (Platycoenosia was subsequently considered to be a syn- 2.2.1. Taxon sampling onym of Piezura, and Coelomyia a synonym of Fannia [PONT 1965; HUCKETT & VOCKEROTH 1987; Rozkošný et The terminal taxa included 15 valid Euryomma species al. 1997; MOORES & SAVAGE 2005]). In a phylogenetic (see results of the revision); E. campineira was exclud- analysis of the family, DOMÍNGUEZ & ROIG-JUÑENT (2008), ed from the data set since it is only known from the fe- in which only E. peregrinum was included as representa- male holotype. The outgroup comprised five species of tive of the genus Euryomma, recovered the latter as the the genus Fannia: Fannia scalaris (Fabricius), F. can- sister group of Fannia; both of these genera being apical icularis (Linnaeus), F. pusio (Wiedemann), F. femoralis to all the other genera of the family and this result also (Stein), F. trimaculata (Stein); one species each from the agrees with HENNIG’s (1965) and CHILLCOTT’s (1961) hy- other genera of the family: Zealandofannia mystacina potheses. Domínguez & Pont, Australofannia spiniclunis Pont and Piezura graminicola Zetterstedt; and Calliphora vicina Aims. The main aims of this study were: 1) to review Robineau-Desvoidy (Calliphoridae). These outgroup taxa the species of the genus Euryomma. We were especially were chosen because we wanted to test the monophyly interested in the earlier species described by STEIN (1911) of the genus Euryomma, we were especially interested and SÉGUY (1941) for which only the original descrip- in CHILLCOTT’s (1961) hypothesis that grouped the genus tions (without male terminalia illustrations) are available; Euryomma with species-groups of the genus Fannia such 2) to develop a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships as the canicularis species-group; C. vicina was chosen among the species of Euryomma by means of a cladistic because it is more distant from the members of the family analysis, using male adult external morphological char- Fanniidae than they are from each other, although it was acters and female and male terminalia. not our aim to test the monophyly of the family. 304 ARTHROPOD SYSTEMATICS & PHYLOGENY — 75 (2) 2017 2.2.2. Characters and character states 23. Shape of subcostal vein: bent = [0]; straight = [1]. 24. Anal veins (Fig. 1C): Imaginary extension of anal We coded 75 characters from the male and female adult veins meeting near wing margin = [1]; first anal vein stage. These were discrete characters, and included: from reduced and second bow-shaped, their imaginary male head and its appendages (12), male thorax (11), male extensions meeting well before wing margins = [2]. wings and halteres (3), male legs (22), male abdominal 25. Wing pattern: translucent = [0]; light brown tinted, sclerites (4), male terminalia (21), and from the female with apical third, between C vein and apical half of adult we included characters of the ovipositor (2). Mor- vein R2+3, faintly darkened (Fig. 1C) = [1]; smoky phological terminology for the cladistics analysis as well brown = [2]. as for the taxonomic revision follows MCALPINE (1981), 26. Shape of lower calypter: rectangular = [0]; rounded with the exception of ‘pregonite’ (paramere according to = [1]. MCALPINE 1981) and ‘postgonite’ (gonopod according to 27. Posteroventral surface of fore femur:
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