Table of Contents I. Organisation & Awards For
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Report for the Academic Year 1995
Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994 - 95 PRINCETON NEW JERSEY Institute /or ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1 994 - 95 OLDEN LANE PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY 08540-0631 609-734-8000 609-924-8399 (Fax) Extract from the letter addressed by the Founders to the Institute's Trustees, dated June 6, 1930. Newark, New jersey. It is fundamental in our purpose, and our express desire, that in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the admission of workers and students, no account shall be taken, directly or indirectly, of race, religion, or sex. We feel strongly that the spirit characteristic of America at its noblest, above all the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any conditions as to personnel other than those designed to promote the objects for which this institution is established, and particularly with no regard whatever to accidents of race, creed, or sex. TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5 • FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION 8 • ADMINISTRATION 11 REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN 15 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 27 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 36 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 42 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS AND VISITORS 50 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES MEMBERS, VISITORS AND RESEARCH STAFF 55 • REPORT OF THE INSTITUTE LIBRARIES 57 • RECORD OF INSTITUTE EVENTS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1994-95 85 • INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Institute for Advanced Study is an independent, nonprofit institution devoted to the encouragement of learning and scholarship. -
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci -
Covariant Phase Space for Gravity with Boundaries: Metric Vs Tetrad Formulations
Covariant phase space for gravity with boundaries: metric vs tetrad formulations J. Fernando Barbero G.c,d Juan Margalef-Bentabola,c Valle Varob,c Eduardo J.S. Villaseñorb,c aInstitute for Gravitation and the Cosmos and Physics Department. Penn State University. PA 16802, USA. bDepartamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain. cGrupo de Teorías de Campos y Física Estadística. Instituto Gregorio Millán (UC3M). Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. dInstituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006, Madrid, Spain E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: We use covariant phase space methods to study the metric and tetrad formula- tions of General Relativity in a manifold with boundary and compare the results obtained in both approaches. Proving their equivalence has been a long-lasting problem that we solve here by using the cohomological approach provided by the relative bicomplex framework. This setting provides a clean and ambiguity-free way to describe the solution spaces and associated symplectic structures. We also compute several relevant charges in both schemes and show that they are equivalent, as expected. arXiv:2103.06362v2 [gr-qc] 14 Jun 2021 Contents I Introduction1 II The geometric arena2 II.1 M as a space-time2 II.2 From M-vector fields to F-vector fields3 II.3 CPS-Algorithm4 IIIGeneral Relativity in terms of metrics5 IV General relativity in terms of tetrads8 V Metric vs Tetrad formulation 13 V.1 Space of solutions 13 V.2 Presymplectic structures 14 VI Conclusions 15 A Ancillary material 16 A.1 Mathematical background 16 A.2 Some computations in the metric case 19 A.3 Some tetrad computations 21 Bibliography 22 I Introduction Space-time boundaries play a prominent role in classical and quantum General Relativity (GR). -
Pos(Rio De Janeiro 2012)002 † ∗ [email protected] Speaker
Loop Quantum Gravity and the Very Early Universe PoS(Rio de Janeiro 2012)002 Abhay Ashtekar∗† Institute for Gravitational Physics and Geometry, Physics Department, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] This brief overview is addressed to beginning researchers. It begins with a discussion of the distinguishing features of loop quantum gravity, then illustrates the type of issues that must be faced by any quantum gravity theory, and concludes with a brief summary of the status of these issues in loop quantum gravity. For concreteness the emphasis is on cosmology. Since several introductory as well as detailed reviews of loop quantum gravity are already available in the literature, the focus is on explaining the overall viewpoint and providing a short bibliography to introduce the interested reader to literature. 7th Conference Mathematical Methods in Physics - Londrina 2012, 16 to 20 April 2012 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ∗Speaker. †A footnote may follow. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ Loop Quantum Gravity Abhay Ashtekar Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a non-perturbative approach aimed at unifying general rela- tivity and quantum physics. Its distinguishing features are: i) Background independence, and, ii) Underlying unity of the mathematical framework used to describe gravity and the other three basic forces of nature. It is background independent in the sense that there are no background fields, not even a space-time metric. All fields —whether they represent matter constituents, or gauge fields that mediate fundamental forces between them, or space- time geometry itself— are treated on the same footing. -
BEYOND SPACE and TIME the Secret Network of the Universe: How Quantum Geometry Might Complete Einstein’S Dream
BEYOND SPACE AND TIME The secret network of the universe: How quantum geometry might complete Einstein’s dream By Rüdiger Vaas With the help of a few innocuous - albeit subtle and potent - equations, Abhay Ashtekar can escape the realm of ordinary space and time. The mathematics developed specifically for this purpose makes it possible to look behind the scenes of the apparent stage of all events - or better yet: to shed light on the very foundation of reality. What sounds like black magic, is actually incredibly hard physics. Were Albert Einstein alive today, it would have given him great pleasure. For the goal is to fulfil the big dream of a unified theory of gravity and the quantum world. With the new branch of science of quantum geometry, also called loop quantum gravity, Ashtekar has come close to fulfilling this dream - and tries thereby, in addition, to answer the ultimate questions of physics: the mysteries of the big bang and black holes. "On the Planck scale there is a precise, rich, and discrete structure,” says Ashtekar, professor of physics and Director of the Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry at Pennsylvania State University. The Planck scale is the smallest possible length scale with units of the order of 10-33 centimeters. That is 20 orders of magnitude smaller than what the world’s best particle accelerators can detect. At this scale, Einstein’s theory of general relativity fails. Its subject is the connection between space, time, matter and energy. But on the Planck scale it gives unreasonable values - absurd infinities and singularities. -
Einstein's Wrong
Einstein’s wrong way: from STR to GTR Adrian Ferent I discovered a new Gravitation theory which breaks the wall of Planck scale! Abstract My Nobel Prize - Discoveries “Starting from STR, it is not possible to find a Quantum Gravity theory” Adrian Ferent “Einstein was on the wrong way: from STR to GTR” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation, he calculated Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong because the gravitational force experienced locally is caused by a negative energy, gravitons energy and the force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference is caused by a positive energy.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong, Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong, LQG, String theory… are wrong theories” Adrian Ferent “Einstein bent the space, Ferent unbent the space” Adrian Ferent 1 “Einstein bent the time, Ferent unbent the time” Adrian Ferent “I am the first who Quantized the Gravitational Field!” Adrian Ferent “I quantized the gravitational field with gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational field is a discrete function” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational waves are carried by gravitons” Adrian Ferent In STR and GTR there are continuous functions. This is another proof that LIGO is a fraud. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded for a project, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) not for a scientific discovery; they did not detect anything because Einstein’s gravitational waves do not exist. -
Recycling' a Star (W/Animations) 21 May 2009
The cosmos is green: Researchers catch nature in the act of 'recycling' a star (w/Animations) 21 May 2009 survey has found many new pulsars, but this one is truly special -- it is a very freshly 'recycled' pulsar that is emerging straight from the recycling plant." said Archibald. The McGill researchers worked with Asst. Prof. Ingrid Stairs of UBC and Scott Ransom of NRAO as well as others from the collaboration to carry out more observations of this unusual pulsar. Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars, the remnants left after massive stars have exploded as supernovae. Pulsars emit lighthouse-like beams of radio waves that sweep around as the star rotates. Most rotate relatively Neutron star with accretion disk (left) drawing material slowly, ten times a second or less, and their from companion star (right). CREDIT: Bill Saxton, magnetic fields ordinarily slow them down even NRAO/AUI/NSF further over the course of millennia. Millisecond pulsars, however, rotate hundreds of times a second. (PhysOrg.com) -- For the first time, researchers "We know normal pulsars typically pulsate in the have observed a singular cosmic act of rebirth: the radio spectrum for one million to ten million years, transformation of an ordinary, slow-rotating pulsar but eventually they slow down enough to die out," into a superfast millisecond pulsar with an almost explained Kaspi. "But a few of these old pulsars get infinitely extended lifespan. 'recycled' into millisecond pulsars. They end up spinning extremely fast, and then they can pulsate The discovery was made during a large radio sky forever. -
Laudatio for Professor Abhay Ashtekar
Laudatio for Professor Abhay Ashtekar Professor Ashtekar is a remarkable ¯gure in the ¯eld of Ein- stein's gravity. This being the Einstein Year and, moreover, the World Year of Physics, one can hardly think of anyone more ¯tting to be honoured for his research and his achievements { achievements that have influenced the most varied aspects of gravitational theory in a profound way. Prof. Ashtekar is the Eberly Professor of Physics and the Di- rector of the Institute for Gravitational Physics and Geometry at Penn State University in the United States. His research in gravitational theory is notable for its breadth, covering quantum gravity and generalizations of quantum mechanics, but also clas- sical general relativity, the mathematical theory of black holes and gravitational waves. Our view of the world has undergone many revisions in the past, two of which, arguably the most revolutionary, were ini- tiated by Einstein in his annus mirabilis, 1905. For one thing, the theory of special relativity turned our notion of space and time on its ear for speeds approaching that of light. At the same time, Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric e®ect heralded the coming of quantum theory. Many of the best minds in theo- retical physics, including Einstein himself, have been trying for years to ¯nd a uni¯ed theory of relativity and quantum theory. Such a theory, often called quantum gravity, could, for example, provide an explanation for the initial moments of our universe just after the big bang. Especially noteworthy is Prof. Ashtekar's work on the canon- ical quantization of gravitation, which is based upon a reformu- lation of Einstein's ¯eld equations that Ashtekar presented 1986. -
MATTERS of GRAVITY, a Newsletter for the Gravity Community, Number 3
MATTERS OF GRAVITY Number 3 Spring 1994 Table of Contents Editorial ................................................... ................... 2 Correspondents ................................................... ............ 2 Gravity news: Open Letter to gravitational physicists, Beverly Berger ........................ 3 A Missouri relativist in King Gustav’s Court, Clifford Will .................... 6 Gary Horowitz wins the Xanthopoulos award, Abhay Ashtekar ................ 9 Research briefs: Gamma-ray bursts and their possible cosmological implications, Peter Meszaros 12 Current activity and results in laboratory gravity, Riley Newman ............. 15 Update on representations of quantum gravity, Donald Marolf ................ 19 Ligo project report: December 1993, Rochus E. Vogt ......................... 23 Dark matter or new gravity?, Richard Hammond ............................. 25 Conference Reports: Gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, Curt Cutler ........... 28 Mach’s principle: from Newton’s bucket to quantum gravity, Dieter Brill ..... 31 Cornelius Lanczos international centenary conference, David Brown .......... 33 Third Midwest relativity conference, David Garfinkle ......................... 36 arXiv:gr-qc/9402002v1 1 Feb 1994 Editor: Jorge Pullin Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6300 Fax: (814)863-9608 Phone (814)863-9597 Internet: [email protected] 1 Editorial Well, this newsletter is growing into its third year and third number with a lot of strength. In fact, maybe too much strength. Twelve articles and 37 (!) pages. In this number, apart from the ”traditional” research briefs and conference reports we also bring some news for the community, therefore starting to fulfill the original promise of bringing the gravity/relativity community closer together. As usual I am open to suggestions, criticisms and proposals for articles for the next issue, due September 1st. Many thanks to the authors and the correspondents who made this issue possible. -
Daya at Antineutrinos Reactor Eebr1 2006 1, December Proposal Aabay Daya Θ 13 Using Daya Bay Collaboration
Daya Bay Proposal December 1, 2006 A Precision Measurement of the Neutrino Mixing Angle θ13 Using Reactor Antineutrinos At Daya Bay arXiv:hep-ex/0701029v1 15 Jan 2007 Daya Bay Collaboration Beijing Normal University Xinheng Guo, Naiyan Wang, Rong Wang Brookhaven National Laboratory Mary Bishai, Milind Diwan, Jim Frank, Richard L. Hahn, Kelvin Li, Laurence Littenberg, David Jaffe, Steve Kettell, Nathaniel Tagg, Brett Viren, Yuping Williamson, Minfang Yeh California Institute of Technology Christopher Jillings, Jianglai Liu, Christopher Mauger, Robert McKeown Charles Unviersity Zdenek Dolezal, Rupert Leitner, Viktor Pec, Vit Vorobel Chengdu University of Technology Liangquan Ge, Haijing Jiang, Wanchang Lai, Yanchang Lin China Institute of Atomic Energy Long Hou, Xichao Ruan, Zhaohui Wang, Biao Xin, Zuying Zhou Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ming-Chung Chu, Joseph Hor, Kin Keung Kwan, Antony Luk Illinois Institute of Technology Christopher White Institute of High Energy Physics Jun Cao, Hesheng Chen, Mingjun Chen, Jinyu Fu, Mengyun Guan, Jin Li, Xiaonan Li, Jinchang Liu, Haoqi Lu, Yusheng Lu, Xinhua Ma, Yuqian Ma, Xiangchen Meng, Huayi Sheng, Yaxuan Sun, Ruiguang Wang, Yifang Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Liangjian Wen, Zhizhong Xing, Changgen Yang, Zhiguo Yao, Liang Zhan, Jiawen Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, Yubing Zhao, Weili Zhong, Kejun Zhu, Honglin Zhuang Iowa State University Kerry Whisnant, Bing-Lin Young Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Yuri A. Gornushkin, Dmitri Naumov, Igor Nemchenok, Alexander Olshevski Kurchatov Institute Vladimir N. Vyrodov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California at Berkeley Bill Edwards, Kelly Jordan, Dawei Liu, Kam-Biu Luk, Craig Tull Nanjing University Shenjian Chen, Tingyang Chen, Guobin Gong, Ming Qi Nankai University Shengpeng Jiang, Xuqian Li, Ye Xu National Chiao-Tung University Feng-Shiuh Lee, Guey-Lin Lin, Yung-Shun Yeh National Taiwan University Yee B. -
Full TIPP 2011 Program Book
Second International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics June 9-14, 2011 Program & Abstracts Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago IL ii TIPP 2011 — June 9-14, 2011 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... v Session Conveners ...................................................................................................................................vii Session Chairs .......................................................................................................................................... ix Agenda ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstracts .................................................................................................................................................. 35 Poster Abstracts ..................................................................................................................................... 197 Abstract Index ........................................................................................................................................ 231 Poster Index ........................................................................................................................................... 247 Author List ............................................................................................................................................. -
Neutrino Cosmology and Large Scale Structure
Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 The topic of this thesis is neutrino cosmology and large scale structure. First, we introduce the concepts needed for the presentation in the following chapters. We describe the role that neutrinos play in particle physics and cosmology, and the current status of the field. We also explain the cosmological observations that are commonly used to measure properties of neutrino particles. Next, we present studies of the model-dependence of cosmological neutrino mass constraints. In particular, we focus on two phenomenological parameterisations of time-varying dark energy (early dark energy and barotropic dark energy) that can exhibit degeneracies with the cosmic neutrino background over extended periods of cosmic time. We show how the combination of multiple probes across cosmic time can help to distinguish between the two components. Moreover, we discuss how neutrino mass constraints can change when neutrino masses are generated late in the Universe, and how current tensions between low- and high-redshift cosmological data might be affected from this. Then we discuss whether lensing magnification and other relativistic effects that affect the galaxy distribution contain additional information about dark energy and neutrino parameters, and how much parameter constraints can be biased when these effects are neglected.