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INSIDE:• The economic outlook for Ukraine — page 2. • Gore visits Chornobyl — page 4. • An overview of the Virsky tour — page 9.

Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXVI HE KRAINIANNo. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 EEKLY$1.25/$2 in Ukraine GoreT in Kyiv Uto review U.S.-Ukraine strategicW partnership by Roman Woronowycz Kyiv Press Bureau KYIV – United States Vice-President Al Gore spent the first of his two days in Ukraine, July 22, reviewing the strategic partnership that has developed between the two countries. He and Ukraine’s President Leonid Kuchma chaired the second plenary session of the U.S.-Ukraine Binational Commission, better known as the Kuchma- Gore Commission, which is the chief vehicle for the expansion of relations between the two countries. The first plenary session took place in May 1997 in Washington, with both Vice-President Gore and President Kuchma in attendance. The commission was set up in September 1996 to “underscore the substance of [the] strategic partnership,” as explained in a press release from Vice-President Gore’s office. The commission includes four committees – foreign policy, security, trade and investment, and sustainable economic cooperation – that carry on the work of the commission between plenary sessions. Before the plenary session the vice-president met pri- vately for two hours with President Kuchma, discussing myriad issues, from the closing of Chornobyl and nuclear non-proliferation to economic reforms and cooperation in space. There were no criticisms and much verbal back-slap- ping from both sides, as the national leaders sought to play up the positive aspects of the U.S.-Ukraine strate- gic partnership. Efrem Lukatsky (Continued on page 4) U.S. Vice-President Al Gore passes a Ukrainian guard during an arrival ceremony in Kyiv.

Sprinter Pintusevych earns two silvers Mykola Lebed, top-level leader for Ukraine at Goodwill Games of Ukrainian nationalists, dies at 88 PARSIPPANY, N.J. – Amid all the brought together approximately 1,500 by Irene Jarosewich September 1939. hype about U.S. sprinter Marion Jones’ athletes from 66 countries who have After the assassination of Konovalets PARSIPPANY, N.J. — Mykola Lebed, in May 1938, the OUN split in 1940, and dominance of the sport, No. 2 at the been invited to compete in 15 sports. one of only a few remaining top-level fourth Goodwill Games is a Ukrainian: Like the Olympics, the event draws the Mr. Lebed joined the faction headed by leaders of the Organization of Ukrainian Stepan Bandera. After Bandera and sev- Zhanna Pintusevych of Kyiv, the world world’s top athletes; unlike the Nationalists (OUN) of the inter-war and eral of his deputies were arrested by the champion in the 200 meters. Olympics, however, there is prize war period, passed away on July 19, in German Gestapo for establishing a provi- Ms. Pintusevych placed second in money to be earned – $5 million of it. Pittsburgh, Pa., after a prolonged illness. sional government and proclaiming the the 100-meter dash, with a time of In addition to summer sports, the 1998 He was 88. renewal of Ukrainian statehood in Lviv 11.09 seconds, on the opening day of Goodwill Games feature competition Born November 23, 1909, in Strilychi the1998 Goodwill Games, July 19. She in June 1941, Mr. Lebed, as second in figure skating. Novi, Bibrka county in western Ukraine, deputy to Bandera, assumed leadership finished behind Ms. Jones, who won Ukraine’s contingent includes 29 ath- Mr. Lebed organized the youth move- of OUN’s underground struggle against her ninth consecutive 100-meter dash letes, coaches, judges and other sports ment of the OUN during the early 1930s the Nazis under the pseudonym Maksym with a time of 10.90. Inger Miller of the officials. According to a roster issued by and served as a liaison between the OUN Ruban. He played a key role in organiz- U.S. posted a time of 11.21 for third. the National Olympic Committee of leadership, Yevhen Konovalets in ing the Ukrainian Insurgent Army The next day Ms. Jones took anoth- Ukraine, the team includes athletes who Europe, and the organization’s national (UPA), which by 1943 served as the mil- er gold – and Ms. Pintusevych another are to compete in track and field executive in western Ukraine. itary arm of the OUN(B). In 1943 his silver – in the 200 meters. Ms. Jones (sprints, shot put and pole vault), box- The Polish government’s repressive position was assumed by Roman ran 21.80 to Ms. Pintusevych’s 22.46. ing, gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, and often violent actions against Shukhevych (Taras Chuprynka) and Mr. Jamaican Beverly McDonald was third swimming and diving. Ukrainians in western Ukraine during the Lebed became the OUN(B)’s chief of with 22.67. In the women’s shot put event held inter-war period generated great resent- foreign affairs. A third silver for Ukraine came on on July 19, Ukraine’s Valentyna ment and the OUN spearheaded many Towards the end of the second world July 22 courtesy of gymnast Olha Fediushina of Crimea placed third (62 sabotage campaigns against the Polish war, during the spring of 1944, the Teslenko in the beam (with a score of feet, 6 3/4 inches). Athletes from leadership. Mr. Lebed, along with other Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council 9.725). She was beaten for the gold Russia and the U.S., respectively, Irina members of OUN, was convicted in 1934 (UHVR) was being organized and was medal in that event by a mere .05 Korzhanenko and Connie Price-Smith, for plotting the assassination of Poland’s officially established on July 11-15, points by Kristin Maloney of the came in first and second. Gen. Bronislaw Pieracki and sentenced 1944, at a meeting in the Sambir region United States (9.775); in third was Among men, Yurii Bilonoh came in to death. The sentence was later commut- of western Ukraine, uniting members of Corina Ungureanu of Romania (9.700). fourth (66-5 3/4). Ahead of him were ed to life imprisonment, and Mr. Lebed various political parties and liberation The 15-day Goodwill Games, being was jailed in Warsaw. After the German movements from both western and Soviet held this year in New York City, have (Continued on page 12) invasion of Poland, Mr. Lebed emerged from prison and returned to Ukraine in (Continued on page 4) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

ANALYSIS NEWSBRIEFSNEWSBRIEFS

Kuchma upbeat on receiving IMF loan bank is slowly lowering the value of the Ukraine: economic outlook hryvnia to stop the drain of its foreign cur- by David R. Marples mid-June it remained at this same level. KYIV – President Leonid Kuchma has rency reserves, Ukrainian News reported on However, the hryvnia is not about to said he is hopeful that an International July 14. The exchange rate slipped from The Ukrainian economy grew by 0.1 be devalued. The chairman of the NBU, Monetary Fund mission expected in 2.06 hrv to 2.11 hrv per U.S. dollar at the percent in January-May of this year, mak- Viktor Yuschenko, has maintained firmly Ukraine on July 23 will recommend the beginning of July when foreign investors ing the first time any growth has been that the currency will remain in a fixed release of a $2.5 billion loan to Kyiv, repatriated some $130 million in govern- recorded since the country gained its exchange band between 1.80 and 2.25 hrv Ukrainian Television reported on July 19. ment bonds. The National Bank reserves independence in 1991. In the first four at least until the end of 1998. Though He said the IMF mission “is coming with have decreased from $2.5 billion to $1.76 months of the year industrial production some impact was seen on the Ukrainian the wish to make a final review of the [loan] billion in the first half of this year. Mr. increased by 0.9 percent over the same currency, it was not the catastrophic slide program and approve it.” Mr. Kuchma period last year. Yuschenko said Ukraine’s financial situa- that some had feared. added that the World Bank, which, like the tion remains under control and that success- Ukraine is currently in the process of IMF, suspended cooperation with Ukraine, Economists have compared today’s ful negotiations with the International convincing the International Monetary has promised him it will release more than economic situation in Ukraine to that in Monetary Fund in Washington last week on Fund (IMF) that it has met the condi- $1 billion in credits following “the very first Hungary four years ago. In the latter a new $2.5 billion loan to Ukraine provide tions required for a much delayed $2.5 telephone call from the IMF.” In related country, like Ukraine, an internal budget hope for a rapid stabilization. (RFE/RL billion Extended Fund Facility loan over news, the president has once again appealed deficit was offset through the issue of Newsline) a period of three years. The IMF turned paper money, but this measure was fol- to the Verkhovna Rada to approve an down a possible loan last year because lowed by an austerity program that wit- amended 1998 budget with a reduced Rada approves procurator general Ukraine did not appear to be making nessed the devaluation of the currency. deficit equal to 2.3 percent of the GDP. KYIV – The Verkhovna Rada on July 16 progress on economic reforms, awarding Mr. Yuschenko insists that this is “The refusal to make a decision on this approved the appointment of Mykhailo instead a one-year standby facility loan unlikely to happen in Ukraine – it is not issue will threaten Ukraine’s national inter- Potrebenko as procurator general by a vote of $542 million. In April 1998 the IMF ruled out entirely – and if it were to ests,” Ukrainian Television quoted the pres- of 266 to 34. Mr. Potrebenko, who has been halted the standby program also because occur, this would certainly not take place ident as saying. (RFE/RL Newsline) Kyiv’s procurator since 1997, argued that of a growing budget deficit of almost 6 before 1999. At the same time Ukraine’s percent in the period January-March Ministers discuss border issues the procurator’s office should be given the financial picture (and the IMF attitude) 1998. The IMF made another visit to power to initiate legislation. He remarked would tend to place the country in a less CHISINAU – Moldovan Foreign Affairs Ukraine in June, which was followed by that, even though the procurator’s staff has Minister Nicolae Tabacaru met with his favorable position than that of Hungary more than doubled in size over the last sev- a personal visit by IMF head Michel Ukrainian counterpart, Borys Tarasyuk, in in 1994. eral years, it has not been carrying out its Camdessus on June 20. Chisinau on July 17 to discuss disputed bor- duties. He also said “it is too early to raise Thus, there has been a concerted effort Impact of parliamentary hiatus der issues, BASA-press reported. Mr. the issue of abolishing the death penalty,” on Ukraine’s part to convince the IMF Tabacaru said the talks were constructive Ukraine’s recent parliamentary elec- adding that, while he respects the opinion of representatives prior to these visits that and that the three separate disputes over tions saw a backlash against even the the international community on this issue, the necessary economic stringencies have their common border would be resolved half-hearted reforms implemented under “we must consider Ukraine’s unique situa- been adopted. The practical results of simultaneously rather than separately. Mr. the government of President Leonid tion.” (Eastern Economist) these visits have yet to be determined. Tabacaru said Ukraine’s proposals are being Ukraine’s case has been made more Kuchma and Prime Minister Valerii Pustovoitenko. The recent miners’ strike studied, but he gave no details about them. Another IL-76 cargo plane crashes acute by two external events and two Mr. Tarasyuk also met with Moldovan internal. The former are as follows: to receive a lengthy backlog of wages is ASMARA, Eritrea – A Ukrainian IL-76 illustrative of the unwillingness of many President Petru Lucinschi, who said • The financial crisis in Russia, where Chisinau will work to “consolidate its tradi- cargo plane flying from Burgas, Bulgaria, interest rates in late May were raised to sectors of the workforce to make sacri- crashed during landing in Asmara, the capi- fices. tional relationships with Ukraine.” 150 percent in order to prevent a collapse (RFE/RL Newsline) tal of Eritrea, on July 17. The Iliushin-76 of the ruble. Recently, a presidential advisor noted was leased by the Ukrainian Aviation • The crisis in the markets of East Asia, that government measures were directed Yeltsin aide comments on summit Company. Its crew included nine service- which coincidentally has raised IMF fears toward revamping budget expenditures men and one civilian who was escorting the WASHINGTON – The press secretary about continuing to prop up economies and bringing down the tax burden in plane’s cargo. The cause of the crash and to Russian President Boris Yeltsin has com- that are no longer viable. order to stimulate production. However, the number of casualties is not yet known. mented on the Ukrainian-Russian summit he noted, little could be done without the This is the second air crash in a week The internal events are: that has been scheduled for September 18- cooperation of the Verkhovna Rada in involving a Ukrainian military cargo plane. • The failure for two months to elect a 19 in Kharkiv. Sergei Yastrzembsky said in putting together a series of measures. The A plane chartered by the Ukrainian ATI Verkhovna Rada which prevented pas- Moscow that the meeting of the two lead- failure for two months to elect a Rada Airline exploded in mid-air and fell into the sage of important measures to carry out a ers “will be interesting,” as the topics to be new structural reform package for the chairman and the election of Oleksander Persian Gulf off the United Arab Emirates Tkachenko, a member of the Peasants’ discussed include a bilateral economic economy. It is generally accepted by the cooperation program. He added that Russia coast on July 13, killing all seven persons country’s experts that monetarist policies Party, does not bode well for an improve- on board. As a result of the two crashes, the ment in Ukraine’s economic picture. is concerned about the drop in its trade alone are insufficient to lift Ukraine out with Ukraine. He said the northeastern Emergencies Ministry said on July 20 that of its present financial quagmire. State borrowing Ukrainian city of Kharkiv was selected to Ukraine has grounded all its IL-76 and IL- • Increasing treasury bill redemptions – host the summit because of its “economic, 78 cargo planes pending investigations of one year T-bills will peak in August, thus The lack of money in the state budget the crashes. On the same day the Bulgarian is a constant dilemma for Ukraine. In spiritual and humanitarian proximity to raising questions about whether the Russian border regions and because these newspaper 24 Hours reported that the January, when the new budget was sanc- National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) has suf- relations determine the rhythm and content Ukrainian aircraft that crashed in Eritrea tioned by the parliament (an achievement ficient reserves to meet such payments. of economic relations between the two may have been carrying weapons. It also in itself given the delay in approval in countries.” (Embassy of Ukraine) said the plane may have been shot down. Impact of Russian and East Asian crises 1997), it specified revenues of 21.1 bil- The Ukrainian government delegation The short-term impact of the Russian lion hrv and expenditures of 24.5 billion National bank devalues hryvnia arriving in Eritrea neither confirmed nor crisis was seen when Ukraine raised its hrv, or a deficit of 3.3 percent of the GDP. denied this report. (Eastern Economist) In late May, the government announced KYIV – National Bank of Ukraine bank rates from 41 to 45 percent in May. Chairman Viktor Yuschenko has said the (Continued on page 12) This was a reversal of the policy of mid- that the rate was being cut further to 2.3 March, when rates for refinancing were percent to meet IMF demands. lowered from 44 to 41 percent, but levels This is highly optimistic, especially have fluctuated widely in response to given that in the first four months of 1998 FOUNDED 1933 international events. On May 28, the rate budget revenues amounted to 4.1 billion HE KRAINIAN EEKLY was further increased to 51 percent. hrv, and debt servicing and repayment T U W costs 4.7 billion hrv. The budget revenues An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., Problems in Russia have also meant a non-profit association, at 2200 Route 10, P.O. Box 280, Parsippany, NJ 07054. that the Ukrainian government bond mar- are now almost exactly equal to the cost Yearly subscription rate: $50; for UNA members — $40. ket alone will be used to service the large of servicing and repaying the state debt. In addition, as a result of widespread Periodicals postage paid at Parsippany, NJ 07054 and additional mailing offices. T-bill debts in August. The Russian and (ISSN — 0273-9348) East Asian situations have restricted fur- tax evasion and delayed privatization, ther borrowing by Ukraine on the interna- over 5 billion hrv in revenues have not Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language weekly newspaper tional bond market. Finally, in response been collected thus far this year. In mid- (annual subscription fee: $50; $40 for UNA members). to the Russian crisis, the hryvnia slipped June, the Ukrainian government reported that the receipts from privatization The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: on the international exchange rate, from Tel: (973) 292-9800; Fax: (973) 644-9510 Tel: (973) 292-9800; Fax: (973) 292-0900 1.89 hrv to the U.S dollar at the begin- between January-May were 214 millon hrv against the annual target of 1.04 bil- ning of 1998 to 2.05 hrv by mid-May. In Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chief: Roma Hadzewycz lion hrv. changes to: Editors: Roman Woronowycz (Kyiv) In August, the one-year domestic treas- The Ukrainian Weekly Andrij Kudla Wynnyckyj (Toronto) David R. Marples is professor of history ury bill redemptions will mature and have at the University of Alberta in Edmonton 2200 Route 10, P.O. Box 280 Irene Jarosewich to be paid for through NBU reserves. Parsippany, NJ 07054 Ika Koznarska Casanova and director of the Stasiuk Program for the Though the bank does have reserves to Study of Contemporary Ukraine at the meet them (the total cost is around $2 bil- Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, The Ukrainian Weekly, July 26, 1998, No. 30, Vol. LXVI Copyright © 1998 The Ukrainian Weekly which is based at that university. (Continued on page 15) No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 3 INTERVIEW: Patriarch Filaret Moody’s reduces ratings for Ukraine, on relations among Churches Kyiv moves to ease investors’ fears Eastern Economist by Roman Woronowycz today or tomorrow. will likely review its action if the Verkhovna Rada confirms President Kyiv Press Bureau This is a point of orientation for the NEW YORK – Moody’s Investors Kuchma’s amendments to the 1998 budg- raion and oblast administrations – that they Service on July 13 announced a deterio- et and the IMF approves the EFF credit. Patriarch Filaret (Denysenko) was should support the Moscow Patriarchate ration from “stable” to “negative” in its appointed the third patriarch of Kyiv and Former Minister of the Economy because it is the future of Ukraine, and that outlook for Ukraine’s B2 foreign curren- all Rus’-Ukraine by the Synod of Bishops Viktor Suslov called the lowered Moody’s the Kyiv Patriarchate is so small that you cy country ceiling for bonds and B3 ceil- of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv rating an alarming sign, arguing that the need not pay attention to it. ing for bank deposits. According to Patriarchate in October 1995 after the sud- current situation demands immediate Moody’s, the gradual depletion of den death of Patriarch Volodymyr Even so, there exists a general belief, a measures to decrease the budget deficit Ukraine’s foreign currency reserves Romaniuk in July. general feeling, that even President and reduce the volume of Ukraine’s for- (nearly $1.75 billion U.S. at the end of In this, the second part of an exclusive Leonid Kuchma, or his administration, eign loans. He added that the govern- June) over the past few months implies interview, Patriarch Filaret discusses rela- expresses more support for the Moscow ment’s economic policy must be re-exam- an increase in the risk of default on its tions with the other Orthodox Churches in Patriarchate. ined and foreign investors granted imme- foreign debt obligations. Ukraine, as well as with the Ukrainian diate tax breaks. Moody’s said that if Ukraine is unable Greek-Catholic Church. You are correct in saying that such sup- Mr. Lytvytskyi announced on July 15 to borrow from financial markets and if port exists. Perhaps not as much from the that President Kuchma will likely issue the International Monetary Fund’s CONCLUSION president as from his administration. There economic decrees that call for the end of are individuals in the presidential adminis- Extended Fund Facility (EFF) program is I also want to ask you about the state VAT privileges, the elimination of anony- tration who are oriented toward the not approved in the coming months, the of relations between the UOC-KP and mous bank accounts and the review of Moscow Patriarchate and they set the tone, country will run out of reserves before the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox expenses associated with debt servicing you could say, for all of Ukraine. the end of the year. Church and Patriarch Dymytrii. prior to the arrival of an IMF mission later If there was, in fact, an evenhanded The agency said that it will closely this month. Patriarch Dymytrii and I signed a mem- approach to the Kyiv Patriarchate – of watch these financial market develop- In order to comply with IMF condi- orandum of intentions to unite into a single which the president, who supports an even- ments and will be assessing the country’s tions for the EFF credit, the Cabinet of Church, but so far the process has not pro- handed approach to all confessions, has ability to make payments on its $450 mil- Ministers will soon approve excise tax ceeded further. These remain intentions. It spoken more than once – then today the lion (U.S.) Euronote maturing in August. increases on alcohol and tobacco prod- was signed at the beginning of this year. Kyiv Patriarchate would have had almost Over the medium term, the rating out- ucts, strengthen control over tax collec- The UAOC has not decided the issue. The as many, if not an equal amount of, parish- look will hinge on the ability of the gov- tions and consider sweeping administra- patriarch has signaled his readiness for uni- es. ernment to push long-delayed structural tive reforms, he added. Mr. Lytvytskyi fication, but the episcopate has not yet dis- This is further supported by sociological reforms through a potentially hostile speculated that if the IMF approves the cussed it, and that it is why it has not taken surveys done before the elections [to the Verkhovna Rada. Moody’s noted that it credit the World Bank might revive its on more momentum. Verkhovna Rada], which show that the is worried also that the presidential elec- dormant loan programs. Kyiv Patriarchate is supported by 23.3 per- tions scheduled for summer 1999 will Moody’s action takes place against the How long does Your Holiness believe cent of the population of Ukraine, while the lead to further political paralysis. backdrop of the rapid devaluation of the that three Orthodox Churches will con- Moscow Patriarchate is supported by mere- Valeriy Lytvytskyi, presidential eco- hryvnia over the last two weeks. tinue to exist in Ukraine? ly 16 percent. You see the difference. If we nomic advisor, moved quickly to ease have 12 million Orthodox faithful, then investors’ fears, claiming that Moody’s (Continued on page 11) We will unite with the UAOC fairly Moscow has 8 million. quickly. Today it has only several hundred The survey showed that 42 percent do parishes, many of which have already gone not belong to any Church; they may be over to the UOC-KP, so union with the believers, but do not express support for a Shelter plan for Chornobyl UAOC is not a major problem. particular Church. This big problem is union with the Based on this, the Kyiv Patriarchate is [Ukrainian Orthodox Church that belongs the largest Church in Ukraine, but official running into financial problems to the] Moscow Patriarchate; there is much documents do not give it its due. pressure from Moscow not to allow for a Eastern Economist announced the kick-off on July 8 of a three-year program targeting child vic- such a union. Now, I’d like to cover briefly your KYIV – The Shelter Implementation It threatens the episcopate, the priest- relations with the Ukrainian Greek- Plan for turning the ukryttia, the cover- tims of the 1986 Chornobyl catastro- hood, the monks with excommunication, Catholic Church. Bishop Lubomyr ing over the damaged reactor at phe. The $4 million project, called the with removal from churches – all so that Husar, in an interview I did with him Chornobyl Atomic Energy Station, into Chornobyl Childhood Illness Program the episcopate does not agree to union with more than a year ago, said that wide- an ecologically safe system is running (CCIP), is funded by the U.S. Agency the Kyiv Patriarchate. ranging and intensive dialogue is needed into problems. Ukraine will not be able for International Development. It aims Regardless of the pressure brought to with the Orthodox Churches of Ukraine to meet its financial obligations under to assist the Ukrainian government in bear by the hierarchy, the process of union with regard to cooperation and even uni- the plan, Yevhen Belousov deputy its efforts to detect and treat thyroid is proceeding, but it is moving from the fication. Has such a dialogue begun and, director of the ukryttia project, warned cancer and the psychological problems ground level. Increasingly, the faithful in if not, what is blocking such a dialogue? on July 8. that young victims suffer as a result of Ukraine are showing a desire for a single We have good relations with the Greek- Noting that Ukraine should con- the disaster. Orthodox Church. They do not want resist- tribute $7 million (U.S.) in 1988 to the Volodymyr Potikha of the ance and hostilities. Catholic Church and its hierarchy. We have common viewpoints on the nature of the international project run by the Emergencies Ministry noted that more Even the president has more than once European Bank for Reconstruction than 1 million children were affected stated that Ukraine needs a single Orthodox Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches with regard and Development (EBRD), he said by Chornobyl and that 500,000 chil- Church. This movement from the ground to [Ukrainian] statehood. This unites us. that there were not yet any documents dren now live on 50,000 square kilo- level, whether it is nurtured or not, could However, one must not forget that the confirming Ukraine’s financial contri- meters of contaminated land in lead to union by a part of the clergy and Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church is a butions. According to its agreement Ukraine. Ukraine spends $75 million episcopate, even against the will and Catholic Church. It is subordinated to the with the EBRD, Ukraine has to carry (U.S.) a year for treating children who regardless of the pressure of Moscow. pope of Rome. The Kyiv Patriarchate is an out work connected to the plan. So suffered from Chornobyl, according to What is needed also is assistance from Orthodox Church. For union to take place far, work worth about 3 million hrv the Emergencies Ministry. the government, especially at the local between the Orthodox Church and the has been completed since it began ear- According to CCIP Director and level, because I heard while visiting the Catholic Church, decisions must be made lier this year, but it has not yet been Medical Service International oblasts that certain communities that want by the Roman Catholic Church from one paid for. President Dr. George Cortis, the first to register themselves as part of the Kyiv side and the Orthodox Churches from the According to EBRD procedures, Patriarchate are not being allowed to do so. part of the program will support train- other. Ukraine’s contribution will begin only For example, I just recently returned ing for Ukrainian physicians in the lat- For Orthodox Ukrainians to unite with when the work is paid for. The work from Dnipropetrovsk. There we have 65 est methods for detecting and treating Greek-Catholic Ukrainians, either the should be financed from the state Orthodox communities of the Kyiv thyroid cancer in children. Orthodox would need to join with the Chornobyl Fund, and its subcontractor Patriarchate, more than 50 priests. But of The second part of the project will Greek-Catholics in what would be a new is the Emergencies Ministry. the 65, only 20 are registered and 45 are According to Mr. Belousov, the prob- deal with “serious psychological after- Uniate Church, which would not be accept- effects” in children as a result of not. This means that registration of parishes ed by Ukrainians here, or Greek-Catholics lem of Ukraine’s contribution will be of the Kyiv Patriarchate is being impeded. considered at a meeting of EBRD Chornobyl. The program will operate would need to unite with the Orthodox for three years in the Volyn, The Moscow Patriarchate is being sup- Church. This would be a separation of donors in September. ported artificially with inaccurate statistics Ukraine has pledged to contribute Zhytomyr, Rivne and Chernihiv Greek-Catholics from Rome. oblasts, as well as in Kyiv and Kyiv by which it can claim that it has some Based on this we could form a united $6 million (U.S.) to the project in Oblast. Remote villages will be 6,000 parishes, while demeaning the Kyiv Ukrainian Patriarchate. But this is such a 1999. The Western contribution for reached with two mobile diagnostic Patriarchate as having only 1,300 parishes. complex problem. The desire to create a 1998 was about $140 million (U.S.). This is being done to say: Everybody, joint Ukrainian Patriarchate exists among The total cost of the project is estimat- laboratories. look at how powerful the Moscow the Orthodox and the Greek-Catholics, but ed at over $750 million, of which The CCIP is supported by a consor- Patriarchate is in Ukraine and how weak the path to a single Patriarchate is fairly Ukraine should contribute $50 million. tium of U.S. organizations and a num- the Kyiv Patriarchate is. So orient your- complex. However, simply such an idea, Meanwhile, the U.S. ambassador’s ber of Ukrainian ministries and scien- selves to the Moscow Patriarchate and keep wife, Dr. Marilyn Pifer, officially tific institutes. in mind that the Kyiv Patriarchate will die (Continued on page 11) 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

ing, at which time final negotiations on Gore visits Chornobyl Gore in Kyiv... the EFF were to take place. (Continued from page 1) Vice-President Gore also expressed by Roman Woronowycz The vice-president saw the entombed Mr. Gore accented the strength of the strong support for a Ukraine-sponsored Kyiv Press Bureau fourth reactor site from an observation relations between the two countries and energy pipeline that would carry oil from post and walked through an abandoned the accomplishments of the Kuchma- the Caspian Sea region to Western KYIV – United States Vice-President amusement park in Prypiat, where rust- Gore Commission. Europe via a still-to-be-completed oil Al Gore became the highest ranking ing electric go-carts and a ferris wheel “The commission plays a central role terminal at the Black Sea port city of United States official to tour the still stand. in building and strengthening the strate- Odesa. Chornobyl nuclear complex, the site of After the tour, the vice-president gic partnership between the U.S. and “We have long supported multiple the world’s largest nuclear accident, returned to Kyiv, where he presented Ukraine,” said the vice-president at a pipelines for the Caspian Sea, and we when he traveled there on July 23. what his aides called a major foreign pol- press conference at the Mariinsky Palace welcome this proposal and encourage the The U.S. vice-president, along with icy speech at the Chornobyl Museum in after the conclusion of the Kuchma-Gore Ukrainian effort,” said Mr. Gore. Ukraine’s Prime Minister Valerii the Podil district of Kyiv. Commission meeting. “Together we are The oil pipeline project has come Pustovoitenko and National Security and “Today, for the first time, I saw under criticism from some experts as Chornobyl. It looms as a menacing monu- making real progress in encouraging the Defense Council Secretary Volodymyr growth of freedom and democracy, and poorly conceived and financed. The U.S. Horbulin, made the 90-kilometer trip by ment to the mistakes of the century now vice-president called on Ukraine to work slipping away from us, a hulking symbol extending the bonds of friendship and helicopter from Kyiv for a two-hour tour cooperation between our two nations with the region’s banks and financiers to of the grounds of the nuclear facility and of human decisions unworthy of our chil- achieve sufficient bankrolling for the dren,” said Mr. Gore during his 35-minute and between our two peoples,” he the now-abandoned city of Prypiat, added. project. which housed a community of some presentation. President Kuchma called the plenary Chornobyl’s shutdown discussed 130,000 workers and their families prior The U.S. vice-president called on the Russian Duma to pass START II, after session “successful” and said the work of to the April 26, 1986, explosion. Mr. Gore, who flew by helicopter to which the U.S. is ready to begin negotia- the commission “confirms the high Today Prypiat is slowly decaying and the Chornobyl site on July 23, also tions on further reductions in nuclear degree of openness and confidence in will continue to do so for the next 30,000 expressed his firm belief that Ukraine missile stockpiles. Ukraine-U.S. relations.” years – the number of years predicted for The Ukrainian president said the would abide by its commitment to close the radiation contained there to dissipate. (Continued on page 12) meeting focused on urgent political, mili- the Chornobyl nuclear facility by the year tary and economic issues, on nuclear 2000, which he said President Kuchma non-proliferation and on expanding eco- had reaffirmed during their talks. nomic cooperation, especially in the The vice-president said he under- Mykola Lebed... energy and agricultural sectors. stands the necessity to find alternate (Continued from page 1) Vice-President Gore, as do most U.S. energy sources for the electricity that Ukraine under an umbrella liberation political leaders who travel here, stressed will be lost with the shutdown of the movement with the purpose of combing the need for Ukraine to move forward to last functioning Chornobyl reactor and forces to fight both Nazi and Soviet complete economic reforms, which he noted that the U.S. is in the lead in occupation. Mr. Lebed served as the said Ukraine must do to avoid the finan- assistance for that effort, but he did not external liaison officer and director of cial catastrophes that have hit many specifically express support for the the information bureau of the UHVR. countries in Asia. completion of construction of the Rivne In January 1944, Mr. Lebed’s wife, The vice-president also expressed sup- and Khmelnytsky nuclear facilities, Daria (Hnatkiwsky), also an OUN port for the series of economic decrees which have been bogged down over the activist, was arrested by the Germans that President Kuchma issued in June lack of international financing that and sent to the Ravensbrük concentration during the Parliament’s leadership crisis. Ukraine is demanding. camp with their 2-year-old daughter, “It will take bold courage to adopt the There would be no money from the where the mother and child were impris- reforms that these times call for. That is U.S. for the closing of Chornobyl on this oned until the end of the war. the courage that I have seen in the decrees trip, as Mr. Gore explained in response to Mr. Lebed left Ukraine in July 1944, issued by President Kuchma in the last a question from a reporter with the White under orders from the UHVR to gain Allied month,” said Vice-President Gore. He House press corps. support for Ukraine’s struggle for inde- called on newly elected Verkhovna Rada Mr. Gore said the world community pendence against German and Soviet domi- Chairman Oleksander Tkachenko to sup- has already committed $1.55 billion for nation. The External Representation of the port the president’s initiatives. the reconstruction of the deteriorating UHVR was established and Mr. Lebed Although President Kuchma said the protective shell that covers the fourth appointed its general secretary. At war’s U.S. backs the extension of an nuclear reactor stricken in 1986, as well end in 1945 he was in Rome, and in 1949, Mykola Lebed International Monetary Fund Extended as for securing Ukraine’s energy grid and he settled with his family in the United Fund Facility (EFF) for Ukraine, Mr. replacement sources of technology. States, where he later headed the Prolog extended family in the U.S. and Ukraine. Gore did not explicitly call on the IMF to The two sides also discussed spurring Research Corporation (1952-1973), found- Panakhyda services were scheduled extend such a loan, which would give American foreign investment and joint ed in New York by members of the for Friday evening, July 24, at 7:30 p.m. Ukraine a line of credit that could exceed technology projects for the Kharkiv External Representation of the UHVR to at Jarema Funeral Home, 129 E. Seventh $2 billion, as well as ensure an additional region, which lost some $25 million after gather and publicize information from with- St., New York. The funeral liturgy was to $1 billion from the World Bank. The the Ukrainian government canceled the in Soviet Ukraine, in particular, news about be held at St. George Ukrainian Catholic vice-president said President Kuchma’s sale of a turbine to Russia that was to be anti-Soviet and anti-Communist activity. Church, E. Seventh St., New York, at 9 new economic program, if implemented, used in the construction of a nuclear Mr. Lebed is survived by his daughter a.m. on July 25, followed by burial serv- would meet IMF requirements. reactor in Iran. Zoriana, sister Olya, several grandchil- ices at St. Andrew’s Ukrainian Orthodox An IMF mission was expected to Both Mr. Gore and Mr. Kuchma dren and great grandchildren, as well as Cemetery in South Bound Brook, NJ. arrive in Kyiv as Mr. Gore was depart- expressed their satisfaction also with Ukraine’s moves in the area of nuclear non-proliferation. Ukraine was recently granted membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime, which will OBITUARY: Dr. Bohdan Struminski, linguist and translator, 68 give it advantages in the development of by Andrij Kudla Wynnyckyj a research associate of Harvard’s Dr. Struminski wrote over 100 articles its aerospace industry. Ukrainian Research Institute. He taught at in his specialty, which appeared in peri- Four agreements signed TORONTO – Dr. Bohdan Struminski, the university’s extension and summer odicals such as Slavia Orientalis, the a Harvard-based scholar and translator, schools as well as at Yale University, and Slavic Review, Harvard Ukrainian The two men signed agreements on died at his home in Arlington, Mass., on was a visiting examiner at the University Studies and the Journal of Ukrainian textile and apparel trade, on a radio ecol- June 23 after a long struggle against can- of Connecticut, Storrs, and the University Studies. ogy laboratory for Chornobyl and on cer. He was 68. of Ottawa. In 1993, Warsaw University As a translator, his magnum opus was bilateral nuclear safety assistance, as Born on March 7, 1930, in Bialystok, awarded the Polish expatriate a habilita- the rendering into English for the well as a mutual legal assistance treaty. Poland, Dr. Struminski studied Ukrainian tion Ph.D. for his outstanding contribu- Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian The latter is an agreement on the and Polish philology at the University of tions to the field of Ukrainian philology. Literature, the longest work of Ukrainian exchange of information between law Warsaw. He was arrested in 1963 for dis- Dr. Struminski was a specialist in polemical literature, Zakharii enforcement agencies. Mr. Gore called it seminating protests against Soviet Ukrainian, Polish and Old Slavic histori- Kopystensky’s “Palinodia,” as well as the a “very serious agreement.” Russification policies in Ukraine and cal linguistics, authoring two books, Polish-language work of his antagonist, During Vice-President Gore’s brief trip incarcerated in Polish prisons for almost “Linguistic Interrelations in Early Rus’ ” Lev Krevza. These appeared together in to Ukraine, the first day was dedicated to three years. (1996), and “Pseudo Melesko: A 1995 as a 1,165-page edition with a fore- the Kuchma-Gore Commission plenary Upon his release, he resumed his Ukrainian Apocryphal Parliamentary word, comprehensive source list and session, the second day to Chornobyl, scholarly career, defending a doctoral Speech of 1615-1618” (1984). He also annotations prepared by Dr. Struminski. which was marked by a trip to the disas- dissertation in historical philology in served as editor-in-chief of a two-volume He also translated “The Captive Mind,” ter site via helicopter and a quick tour of 1974. The following year, Dr. Struminski encyclopedic work on the Lemko region, the seminal work of Polish Nobel the plant grounds and the abandoned city emigrated to the U.S., and accepted the “Lemkivschyna: Zemlia, Liudy, Istoria, Laureate Czeslaw Milosz, into Ukrainian. of Prypiat, followed by a visit to the post of visiting lecturer in Ukrainian Kultura” (The Lemko Region: The Land, In 1993, Dr. Struminski joined the Chornobyl Museum located in Kyiv’s philology at Harvard University’s Slavic People, History and Culture, 1988), and Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies historic Podil district. department, at which he served until worked as a special consultant to the five- Hrushevsky Translation Project, prepar- Afterwards Mr. Gore flew to Moscow 1979. volume Encyclopedia of Ukraine, con- for talks with Russian President Boris From 1979 to 1993, Dr. Struminski was tributing numerous entries on linguistics. (Continued on page 13) Yeltsin. No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 5

SOYUZIVKA BECKONS TO TENNIS PLAYERS OF ALL AGES 37 youths complete 30th Tennis Camp at UNA resort KERHONKSON, N.Y. – Soyuzivka’s 30th Tennis Camp concluded here at the Ukrainian National Association’s resort just prior to the Independence Day week- end with a special awards banquet during which the best campers and winners of the camp tournament were recognized. Thirty-seven youths between the ages of 11 and 17 – among them four children of the “fourth wave” of new immigrants from Ukraine, three children of staffers of the Embassy of Ukraine and one youth from Ukraine – participated in the annual camp’s sports and recreational activities from June 21 through July 2 at Soyuzivka. The camp was conducted by its long- time directors, Zenon Snylyk and George Sawchak. The duo was assisted by: Christine Orlyn, Asya Fedun, Tricia Annunziata, Ivan Rudavsky, Denys Kolb (of Ukraine) and Steve Kolodiy. In addition to tennis lessons that emphasized all tennis strokes, plus instruction on tactics and strategy of the The participants and staff of the 1998 Tennis Camp held at Soyuzivka. game, the camp program included calis- thenics and physical training. held in five groups: two boys’, two girls’ Pearson and Christine Telyan; girls’ Milan and Yuriy Yurlov. In their leisure time, campers utilized and one mixed. The winners were: boys’ group 2 – Anna Voytsehovsky, Lesya The tournament winners and best the resort’s facilities, enjoying its pool group 1 – Damian Zayac and Victor Telyan and Siania Huk; mixed group – campers received Soyuzivka awards, and volleyball court, and held several Sulzynsky; boys’ group 2 – Valeriy Alex Tkacz and Andrew Chernyk. which were presented at the concluding dances. Yachno, Roman Roik and Alex Flis (the The camp staff selected the following banquet. All campers received certifi- During the final days of the camp, par- latter two shared second place); girls’ as the best campers: Roxanne cates of participation in the 1998 Tennis ticipants competed in a tennis tournament group 1 – Laryssa Szczupak, Natalie Kovalyshyn, Anna Voytsehovsky, Nick Camp.

The camp staff (from left): Asya Fedun, Ivan Rudavsky, Denys Kolb, George Finalists of the five groups competing in the camp tennis tourney with camp Sawchak, Steve Kolodiy, Tricia Annunziata, Zenon Snylyk and Christine Orlyn. directors Zenon Snylyk (left) and George Sawchak (right). Charchalis and Bohachevsky win Eastern tennis championship KERHONKSON, N.Y. – Andrew In the semis Mr. Bohachevsky had eliminat- Charchalis and Oleh Bohachevsky were ed George Walchuk, 2-6, 6-0, 1-0 (when Mr. the winners, respectively, in the men’s Walchuk suffered a contusion). Mr. and senior men’s division of the first ten- Petrykewych was victorious over Alex nis tournament of the summer season at Olynec, 6-2, 6-3. Soyuzivka – the Eastern Championships In the consolation round (comprising of the Ukrainian Sports Association of players with one loss), Oleh Zaputowych the U.S.A. and Canada (USCAK) held and George Melnyk emerged as the win- during the Independence Day weekend, ners, respectively, in the men’s and sen- July 4-5. iors’ divisions. In the men’s final, Mr. Charchalis Among women, who played outside defeated the Carpathian Ski Club (KLK) of the tournament competition, Laryssa champion, Steve Sosiak, by a score of 6- Hrabec defeated Nicole Mychajluk by a 2, 6-4. In the semifinals, Mr. Sosiak had score of 7-5, 6-2. eliminated Kornylo Czorny, 6-1, 6-2, The USCAK-East tournament was while Mr. Charchalis defeated George conducted by Mr. Sawchak and KLK Sawchak, 7-5. 6-2. president George Popel. Together with Denys Czorny, the 1997 champion Roman Rakoczy Sr., they distributed who also held the men’s title for several Soyuzivka trophies to the finalists. years prior to that, was unable to com- The next tennis tournament that will pete in this year’s tournament. take place at the upstate New York resort of The best campers (from left beginning with second left), Roxanne Kovalyshyn, Anna In the seniors’ division, Mr. Bohachevsky the Ukrainian National Association is the Voytsehovsky, Yuriy Yurlov and Nick Milan, are flanked by Zenon Snylyk (left) and defeated George Petrykewych, 6-7, 6-4, 6-1. doubles event scheduled for August 1-2. George Sawchak. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

DISCUSSION PAPER THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY The Great Famine of 1932-1933 The Ukrainian Canadian community

This year marks the 65th anniversary of one of the world’s worst genocides: on the eve of the new millennium the Great Famine of 1932-1933 that ravaged Soviet-occupied Ukraine. The famine was not a natural disaster, but a man-made atrocity that killed 7 million by John Boyd farmers and professionals on the home front bonded them more closely with all men, women and children. It was a heinous use of food as a weapon – in this PART II case used by Stalin and his henchmen to destroy a nation. The regime ordered other Canadians. But this also meant that the expropriation of foodstuffs in the possession of the rural population to Meeting the new generation’s needs the process of assimilation took another destroy the nationally conscious segments of Ukrainian society, secure collec- big leap forward. This, in turn, had its By the mid-1930s, another factor came tivization and support industrialization. It was, as the dissident samvydav of the effects on the organizations. into the life of all the Ukrainian organiza- 1970s put it, “a political famine,” “planned at the top by the Kremlin.” The first generation of Canadian-born tions. The first generation of Canadian- Sixty-five years after the Great Famine, there are many who do not know were now fully grown adults, many of born, who in earlier years had attended about this tragic episode, which is analogous in Ukrainian history to the them parents with children of their own Ukrainian children’s schools and accom- Holocaust in Jewish history and was, in fact, a precursor to other modern-day — the second generation. Many of them panied their parents to various activities genocides. continued to belong to the churches and at local Ukrainian community centers Our communities around the globe solemnly marked the 50th anniversary of organizations to which they and their par- and parish halls, were now in their teens this national tragedy in 1983 with diverse events and publications. All were ents had always belonged. Indeed, many and early 20s. To keep them as members, attempts not only to remember, but to tell others about this unimaginable horror of them were now ready to play leading the organizations established youth clubs wrought by Stalin and, indeed, the Soviet system. This year, some of our com- roles in these organization. But the lan- and youth sections, youth choirs and munities are taking advantage of another anniversary to increase public aware- guage they used among themselves was orchestras, folk dancing classes, gymnas- ness about the famine and its ramifications. English. The organizations and churches tics clubs and other sports activities. Montreal led the way with a series of commemorative events in the spring: a were compeled to accept this as a fact of They also published magazines and other memorial march, an exhibit of photographs and books about the famine, a series of life and adapt. As a result, most of the printed material for the young people in organizations formed special English- lectures and segments about the famine broadcast on the local Ukrainian radio pro- Ukrainian, since most of the young peo- gram. In the Canadian capital the Ukrainian community held a memorial manifesta- speaking branches and clubs; they began ple then spoke Ukrainian and many could publishing English sections in their tion, plus a memorial service. The Ottawa community also took a pragmatic read and write in Ukrainian. This was yet approach to the solemnities. A scholarship fund was launched to support research newspapers and even special English another way of resisting assimilation. journals. Their activity groups – choirs, into the politics of famine and a “soup kitchen” fund was established to feed the It should be noted, however, that not hungry in Ukraine today. As well, community members are pushing for a section on orchestras, folk dance groups, etc. con- all Ukrainian Canadians belonged to ducted their business in English. the Great Famine in Ukraine to be included in the federal government’s plans for a these various organizations, right or left. The process of assimilation, however, Holocaust or genocide museum in the National Capital Region. Even at the height of their activity and continued and had its effects. For exam- Their efforts are commendable and should be emulated by others during this achievement, when their memberships ple, many of the young parents, especial- 65th anniversary year of the Great Famine. This is yet another opportunity to were at their peak, all the organizations ly where both were Ukrainian, tried to ensure that this genocide is not forgotten and that its lessons are understood by combined had only a minority of the teach their children Ukrainian (some on new generations with the hope that they will never allow such history to be Ukrainian Canadian population in their their own, some by sending them to spe- repeated. ranks. Each of them had many support- cial classes) but in most cases they did (P.S.: For our part, as a public service on the occasion of the anniversary, we at The ers, and their newspapers also reached a not have much success, and if they did, it Weekly are currently working to update our archives site on the Internet to include larger segment of the community, but all was not for very long. special sections on the famine that were published throughout the 50th anniversary of these combined still did not comprise Assimilation has also been greatly year on the pages of this newspaper. These sections are being posted in addition to the the majority. accelerated by intermarriage. Since we special issue published on March 20, 1983, that already is available on the archives The organizations existed only where still live in a male-dominated society, this site located at http://www.panix.com/~polishuk/TheWeekly/home.shtml). there were enclaves of Ukrainians in the assimilation is even more rapid when a larger cities and towns and in certain young woman of Ukrainian origin mar- rural areas of the three prairie provinces, ries a young man from another ethnic chiefly those where Ukrainian home- group. It may be somewhat less if the July steaders originally settled at the turn of husband is of Slavic descent (Russian, the century. But there were thousands of Polish, Czech, Serb or Macedonian) but TurningTurning the pagespages back... back... Ukrainian men and women who lived not much less. In very few cases, if both outside these enclaves, in cities, towns, parents are progressive, they may decide 29 villages and isolated regions where there to take advantage of this circumstance would be only one or two persons of and acquaint their offspring with the lan- 1993 Five years ago on July 29 the Supreme Court of Israel unan- Ukrainian origin, or only one or two guage, culture and heritage of both their imously acquitted John Demjanjuk of all war crimes charges Ukrainian families. Many of them kept in peoples, as well as English. (And child- and ordered the 73-year-old former Clevelander set free. The touch with what was happening in the hood is the best time for teaching lan- guages.) Most mixed marriage couples, five-judge panel said Mr. Demjanjuk was not “Ivan the Terrible,” thus supporting his Ukrainian Canadian community and in however, simply opt to forget about their steadfast claim that he was a victim of mistaken identity, and overturned his 1988 Ukraine solely by subscribing to a language of origin. Since they speak to death sentence. Ukrainian newspaper, but there were each other and to their children in The court said there was “reasonable doubt” that Mr. Demjanjuk was “Ivan” due to some who did not even do that. new evidence that implicated another man, Ivan Marchenko, as the brutal watchman. Mr. These Ukrainian immigrants and their English most of the time anyway, this is Demjanjuk also was acquitted of all other charges, including allegations that he was a families were assimilated into the general the easier road to take. guard at other Nazi camps. The court ruled that these were not the main charges and that community much more rapidly. They The arrival of yet another wave of new Mr. Demjanjuk had not had a chance to defend himself against those accusations. were also those most prone to change Ukrainian immigrants after the war, this However, the court did find the controversial Trawniki ID card to be authentic and deter- their names or be less forthcoming about time the displaced persons, again had a mined that Mr. Demjanjuk belonged to a Nazi guard unit “whose purpose was murder.” their ethnic background. decisive effect on the community. Nonetheless, the court rejected the option of ordering a new trial, since that would mean World War II brought many changes to Because most of these immigrants were “an additional extension of the hearings beyond an acceptable limit.” the Ukrainian Canadian community. The fiercely anti-Soviet (some were victims Reacting to the decision, John Demjanjuk Jr. said he was “glad to see that they [the contribution to the war effort made by of Stalin’s terrorism), most of them judges] actually had the courage to stop the injustice.” He commented angrily, however, thousands of its young men and women joined the right-wing organizations and on the court’s determination that his father had been a Nazi camp guard: “This nonsense in the armed services and by its workers, gave these organizations “new blood” should stop right now. Our family has been through hell ... It would be unthinkable to say and a period of revitalization: new teach- that now, after 16 years of proving his innocence, he should be left with a label that has ers for their language schools, leaders for John Boyd, formerly Boychuk, is a resi- their cultural activities, writers for their never been tried in a court of law.” dent of Toronto. In his earlier years, he was Having been stripped of his U.S. citizenship in 1981, Mr. Demjanjuk was a state- press. But this had only a peripheral a Communist and an active member in effect on the Canadian-born, especially less person, thus, it was unclear where would go. His family insisted he would come Ukrainian pro-Communist organizations – home to Seven Hills, Ohio. “The U.S. has a moral obligation to restore his citizenship the more recent generations. The assimi- most of those years as an editor. lation among them continued unabated. and to allow him to return,” said his son. He left the Communist Party in 1968, On August 3, five days after the acquittal in Israel, the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals How profoundly assimilation has immediately after the Soviet armed forces affected the Ukrainian Canadian commu- in Cincinnati held a hearing on whether Mr. Demjanjuk should be allowed to re-enter invaded Czecho-Slovakia, where he lived the U.S. Ten minutes after it heard arguments, the court ruled that Mr. Demjanjuk nity is vividly revealed in the most recent briefly at the time as a correspondent. A figures released by Census Canada. They must be allowed to return. But there were several challenges to the ruling. few years later, in the early 1970s, he Finally on September 1, the Justice Department announced it was dropping its fight show that in the mid-term 1996 census, became persona non grata with the leaders 174,830 Canadians claimed Ukrainian as to keep John Demjanjuk out of the U.S. Mr. Demjanjuk returned to the United States of left-wing Ukrainian organizations for on September 22 amid extremely tight security. His return to the U.S. followed the their mother tongue. The majority (76.5 critical remarks he made about them. percent) of these, however, indicated that Israeli Supreme Court’s ruling on September 19 rejecting all appeals for a new trial Now, at age 85, he is very concerned against the man once thought to be “Ivan the Terrible” of Treblinka. at home they speak one of Canada’s two that young people of Ukrainian origin are official languages. Thus only 41,085 use Sources: “Demjanjuk acquitted; Israeli Supreme Court decision is unanimous,” The losing touch with their cultural heritage. Ukrainian as their home language. Ukrainian Weekly, August 1, 1993, Vol. LXI, No. 31; “A year of victories for John Demjanjuk,” That prompted him to produce this paper, in 1993: The Year in Review, The Ukrainian Weekly, December 26, 1993, Vol. LXI, No. 52. the hope that it will stimulate discussion. (Continued on page 14) No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 7 NEWS AND VIEWS Faces and Places HURI’s reaction to Kuropas by Myron B. Kuropas by Prof. Roman Szporluk ludicrous. Dr. Kuropas can look at any of and James Ivan Clem the previous issues, however we suggest that he start with Volume XVIII, No. 1/2, Dr. Myron Kuropas has every right to a special issue titled “Ukrainian express his opinions on the state of the Diaspora: disconsolate desperation? Philology and Linguistics.” As its editor, During my 40 years of involvement with an attorney; and Daria Diakowsky, an edu- Ukrainian American community (“The Prof. Flier not only assembled an out- Grunts Carry Us,” July 12), but by so Ukrainians in North America, I have always cator, who serves as cultural/educational standing international team of scholars, been impressed with Ukrainian Canadians. vice-president. John Pidkovich, a manage- seriously misrepresenting the work of the but also contributed an article titled Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, he I’ve described my feelings in numerous ment consultant, is secretary, and Michael “Segmentation, Rank and Natural Class articles on these pages, referring to Canada Kalimin, an accountant, is treasurer. has done a tremendous disservice to its in Ukrainian Dialectology.” Scholars in associated faculty, staff and many gener- as “a Ukrainian oasis,” “an inspiration” and The UNF owns buildings across Canada, the field have called this collection the “refreshing tonic.” and it is my understanding that the leader- ous benefactors. We would like to take most important work in Ukrainian lin- this opportunity to set the record straight, I became somewhat disconsolate regard- ship changes were made when it was guistics in 30 years. ing Canada after hearing a presentation by learned that Mykola Plawiuk and Pavlo and to offer some more general com- Future volumes of the journal will be ments on matters which concern the Dr. Jaroslav Rozumnyj of the University of Dorozynsky, two former UNF leaders now thematic issues focusing on Ukrainian Manitoba at the 17th Annual Conference on living in Ukraine, were pushing to generate readers of The Ukrainian Weekly. foreign policy, Ukrainian Church history, To begin, Dr. Kuropas’ characteriza- Ukrainian Subjects. Held at the University monies for activities of the Organization of the city of Lviv and Ukrainian nation- of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on June Ukrainian Nationalists (Melnyk faction) in tion of the institute’s publication pro- building. Enough said. gram is surprisingly anti-intellectual in 24-27, the theme of this year’s conference Ukraine by selling UNF property. In what Turning to the single volume of HUS can only be described as a victory for the tone. He writes that “almost all of what was “Ukrainian Western Diaspora: that Dr. Kuropas chose for his comments, diaspora, the new UNF leadership is [we] publish is for the benefit of a hand- Achievements and Problems.” perhaps we should begin by describing opposed to the sale. ful of other academics who can compre- Dr. Rozumnyj was speaking about the person whom that volume honors. As A fascinating panel at Urbana/ hend esoteric language known to but a Ukrainians in Winnipeg, a town that once stated in the preface to the volume: Champaign, titled “Ukrainian Diaspora as select few.” Even the most casual glance boasted a Ukrainian mayor (Stephen Juba), “This volume of Harvard Ukrainian Seen by Visiting Scholars from Ukraine” at a list of our recent publications shows and still has a cultural center and some 18 Studies constitutes a festschrift in honor was presented by Ukrainians studying in how wrong he is. In the past two years functioning Catholic, Orthodox and Baptist of the 60th birthday of Edward L. the United States on various grants. alone – one of the most productive pub- churches. Winnipeg is the home to both a Keenan, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Serhiy Bilokin, visiting scholar at the lishing periods in recent memory – the Catholic and Orthodox metropolitan, as History at Harvard University. Prof. Woodrow Wilson Center, argued that the institute has published works that cover well as the Ukrainian Canadian Congress. It Keenan was present at the founding of various OUN factions failed in North the full spectrum of Ukrainian studies. has several museums, book stores, and the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, America and have now brought their prob- Such innovative studies include numerous building halls which are owned and has been since then a member of the lems to Ukraine. If the antics of Messrs. “Ukrainian Futurism 1914-1930,” by and managed by the Ukrainian National Standing Committee on Ukrainian Plawiuk and Dorozynsky are any indica- Oleh Ilnytzkyj of the University of Federation, Plast, SUM and other organiza- Studies, a member of the Executive tion, I would have to agree, at least in terms Alberta, “A Lexical Atlas of the Hutsul tions. The oldest Ukrainian hall dates back Committee of HURI from its inception, of OUN (M) activities. Dialects of the Ukrainian Language” by to 1912. and one of HURI’s most consistent sup- Mr. Bilokin also believes that neither our Janusz Rieger of Warsaw University, and Winnipeg also has a Labor Temple, still porters both within and outside of the Churches nor our political organizations “The Origins of the Old Rus’ Weights owned by the Communists, who, it is inter- university. The articles in his festschrift have much to offer. The diaspora, he stated, and Monetary Systems” by Omeljan esting to note, plan to host a delegation of reflect Prof. Keenan’s wide range of is in trouble because it doesn’t study itself Pritsak of Harvard University. Books by Communists and fellow travelers from interests, demonstrate the importance of enough. The suggestion that the diaspora Ukrainian statesmen, past and present, Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada in the fall to dis- his scholarship for the study of Ukrainian should ignore Ukraine and concentrate sole- are represented by “Carpatho-Ukraine in cuss Ukraine and the diaspora. history, and thus inspire our common ly on its own problems is not the answer the Twentieth Century: A Political and Despite past achievements, Winnipeg’s efforts in Ukrainian studies.” either, he believes. Such an approach will Legal History” by Vincent Shandor and Ukrainian community is declining, accord- As a practicing scholar, Dr. Kuropas only lead to further assimilation. “The Strategic Role of Ukraine: ing to Dr. Rozumnyj, while other ethnic should know that a festschrift represents Volodymyr Chumachenko, a visiting Diplomatic Addresses and Lectures, communities are thriving. There are some a tribute by colleagues to the life’s work 16,000 Jews in Manitoba and they were scholar at the University of Iowa, was 1994-1997” by Ambassador Yuri of the honorand. Every scholar writing able to raise matching funds for a $26 mil- astounded when he first visited the Shcherbak. Two other influential titles in for that festschrift respects Ukrainian lion cultural center, some of which was sup- Ukrainian Village in Chicago. The diaspora modern Ukrainian and East European has done much in America about which history as a vibrant and legitimate field. ported by federal and provincial funds. history are “Nationalism, Marxism and people in Ukraine know little, he argued. Prof. Keenan has made a long and distin- Using the motto “A Center for Our Modern Central Europe” by Timothy There are some 150 books on Ukraine pub- guished career of studying Ukrainian- Future, Celebrating Our Past,” Winnipeg’s Snyder of Harvard University and “The lished in the West – books with which histo- Russian relations and exposing those Italians, who number some 17,000 have Great Peasant War: Bolsheviks and rians in Ukraine are unfamiliar. People in recently completed a $4 million center. The Peasants, 1917-1933” by the well-known Russian myths that claim medieval Ukraine have a negative image of the 77,000 Manitobans who are Poles also have Italian scholar Andrea Graziosi. Ukrainian history as Russia’s own. He Ukrainian diaspora because of all the scur- a new center, as do the Mennonites, who Most of these books are accessible to has taught a generation of scholars – who rilous literature that the Soviets published are building a university. a general audience, and all of them rep- in turn teach others – to understand and about “bourgeois nationalists.” It will take The Ukrainian community numbers resent cutting-edge research on impor- respect the history of Ukraine. time to change this perception. Time is also almost 160,000 in Manitoba, making it the tant Ukraine-related topics. Moreover, Finally, we need to address Dr. required to reform the humanities curricu- fourth largest ethnic group after the English, those titles that are designed for more Kuropas’ claim that “Harvard academics lum, which is currently in a shambles. the Germans and the Scots. Even so, specialized audiences should be valued live in their own little world, blissfully Taras Hryshchenko, a Fulbright scholar Ukrainians were unable to emulate the just as highly as the rest. We know from oblivious to the rest of us.” We at the at the University of Illinois, Urbana- example set by others. the history of scholarship that some of institute do not take our endowment for Champaign, agreed with Dr. Chumachenko. The situation in Winnipeg is desperate, those “esoteric” books that were appreci- granted – we have successfully sought More books were published on Ukraine in according to Dr. Rozumnyj, who argued ated by only a few at the time of their outside grants, and work continuously to the West than in the former USSR; these that our emphasis in the past has been on publication were groundbreaking contri- expand our programs. We have attracted books forced the Soviets to publish what lit- independently funded scholars from freedom for Ukraine. We have neglected tle they did publish about Ukraine. Once the butions. our diaspora, and we are paying the price. Prof. Pritsak’s book on weights and Ukraine, the United States and Europe; diaspora released the first Ukrainian ency- next year we will have visiting scholars Dr. Rozumnyj also stated that: 1) the age clopedia, for example, the Soviets were monetary systems, for example, is aimed group between 30 and 40 is “lost”; 2) while at specialists – but it is the definitive from Sweden and Spain. compelled to follow suit. He believes that Our faculty and associates teach old forms of Ukrainian cultural life are Ukraine owes a great debt to the diaspora. study on that subject, and will be refer- dying, new forms are not being created to enced by a variety of scholars for many courses, organize conferences on both Dr. Hryshchenko addressed other prob- historical and contemporary topics (such take their place; 3) the Churches remain a lems as well. Today, he declared, Ukraine years to come. Would Dr. Kuropas tell battleground with priests from Ukraine cre- the readers of The Ukrainian Weekly that as the conference “Ukraine and the has an image problem and few leaders World” held in Washington in December ating ferment; 4) Ukrainian academic know how to deal with it. The diaspora has this “esoteric” book should not have organizations such as the Ukrainian been published? 1996 and an upcoming conference on played a role in protecting the good name of Ukrainian American writers), publish Academy of Arts and Sciences (UVAN) are Ukraine and needs to continue to do so. More serious is Dr. Kuropas’ lam- ready to disband; 5) the fourth wave of pooning of our journal, Harvard research, and help the careers of other Ukraine’s leaders, however, are slow to scholars by writing recommendations immigration is not yet integrated into the catch on to the importance of developing a Ukrainian Studies (HUS) and his attack community. on the reputation of the holder of and reviewing manuscripts for publish- positive image in the United States. ing houses and journals. Readers of The Despite Dr. Rozumnyj’s somewhat Personally, I believe that with few excep- Harvard’s Potebnja Chair of Ukrainian gloomy assessment, there is hope. The lead- Philology, Prof. Michael Flier. Ukrainian Weekly also undoubtedly tions, Ukraine’s leaders aren’t particularly know from the Previews of Events calen- ership of the Ukrainian National Federation, concerned about their image in the West. Dr. Kuropas’ charge that HUS has one of Canada’s oldest organizations, has become a forum for Russian studies is dar about our long-running Seminar in There was much fascinating discussion Ukrainian Studies. been taken over by a group of younger pro- at the Urbana conference regarding the One of the most important programs fessionals. The new president is Maria Fourth Wave. More about that in future Prof. Roman Szporluk is director and we have is the Harvard Ukrainian Pidkovich, an educator, of Toronto. She will columns. James Ivan Clem is executive director of Summer Institute. For the past 27 years be assisted by three vice-presidents, the Ukrainian Research Institute at Michael Romach, a chemist, Walter Myron Kuropas’ e-mail address is: Harvard University. (Continued on page 10) Klymkiw, an educator, and Roman Kostuk, [email protected] 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

the Diaspora Church exulted in that it under the archpastoral omophor of the could rejoice in God with her bothers and patriarch of Your beloved city of Kyiv and A prayer for unity sisters in Ukraine. But still it breathed all Ukraine, which would truly fulfill Your Patriarch Mstyslav’s with only one lung, under continuing holy desire that there be “one shepherd in Orthodox Church and one flock.” Place into those whom legacy is forgotten Dear Editor: denial of eucharistic communion with the Dear Editor: “official and canonical” Orthodox patriar- You have called to sacred ministry the Allow me first to thank the editors of chates of the world. desire to be examples of faith and holi- As I read The Weekly’s “Turning the The Ukrainian Weekly for permitting the Now, years later, while the Ukrainian ness to the faithful, strengthened by the pages back...” article in the June 21 issue discussions regarding the recent events in Orthodox Church of the Diaspora has been prayers of Your holy saints. Mindful of that commemorated the death and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to appear accepted by Ecumenical Orthodoxy, it still your command “to come follow Me,” we achievements of His Holiness Mstyslav in their newspaper. This is the only forum breathes with only one lung in that it is still ask that you choose from among the men I, I felt bile rise in my throat from the where civil (for the most part) debate has denied eucharistic communion with its and women of our holy Church those who irony of the letter by Orysia Kulchytsky appeared and interested parties have been brothers and sisters in Ukraine by the “offi- might be the future leaders of Your printed on the facing page of The able to engage one another. cial and canonical” Orthodox patriarchates. Church capable of guiding her faithful. Weekly. To think that only five short Many who are aware of my previous We traded one lung for another. It still Protect us all, O Lord, who serve you years have elaped since the death of our vocal views on various issues in the is no easier to breathe. with conviction of faith, keeping us from patriarch and already his disciples are Ukrainian community in general and the Thus, in all of this, there is only one all evil, and allowing Your true spirit of turning their backs on the legacy of their traditional Ukrainian churches in particu- thing of which I am sure: our great need love, forgiveness and compassion to be our mentor. lar have been surprised by my silence to for prayer. For decades the Ukrainian guide in all things. Save, O Lord, especial- Yes, like Ms. Kulchytsky, I also read, date. My reason is simple: I believe that Orthodox faithful prayed for the freedom ly your servants who guide and shepherd I examined, I agonized over the pro- there are strong arguments on both sides. and independence of Ukraine and the res- the Church in Ukraine, and open their posed revisions to the governing docu- Thus, I fully support the decision of the urrection of the Ukrainian Autocephalous hearts to that which is holy and true, keep- ment of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Council of Bishops to place the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Our prayers were heard ing them from all evil. Allow them the and, as is Ms. Kulchytsky, I am dis- Orthodox Church in the Diaspora under and God liberated Ukraine and called the strength to work toward that glorious day traught over the blatant eradication of the omophor (jurisdiction) of the Church to life. Now that the prayers and when all of our brothers and sisters in any reference to our autocephalous Ecumenical Patriarchate. I cannot help but hymns used in our churches to pray for Ukraine and her children throughout the (independent) heritage. also feel that we have not cultivated an the independence of Ukraine are no world will gather together as one, as faith- The right of independence in all mat- honest and sincere dialogue or exchange longer accurate, we need to construct new ful members of the Ukrainian Orthodox ters of its life and government, and with the various jurisdictions of the prayers and to continue to entreat God, Church, united around their chief shepherd, equal rights with those of the other Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. beginning on our knees, not only for the patriarch of Kyiv and all Ukraine, who Autocephalous Orthodox Churches (as Aside from the continuous support and peace and unity in the Ukrainian will take his rightful place among the patri- is stated in the previous Constitution) dialogue with Ukraine, the Consistory of Orthodox Church, but peace, unity and archs of Your holy Church. Amen. was won with the blood of Metropolitan Vasyl Lypkivsky, with the blood of over the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the prosperity for our brothers and sisters in Archimandrite Andriy (Partykevich) 300 bishops and hundreds of thousands U.S.A. could coordinate some of the fol- the Ukrainian nation and state. Boston lowing: the visitation of church choirs Recently the following prayer was con- of clergy and faithful – with the blood from Ukraine to tour our parishes, an structed in Ukrainian by Father Frank of both my grandfathers, who perished exchange of museum exhibitions, sponsor- Estocin (edited and translated by this in Siberian death camps. ship of professors from Ukraine to lecture writer.) At the upcoming Sobor of the The real issue is Seventy-five years ago, the founder of at our seminary, monastics from Ukraine Ukrainian Orthodox Church, I will formal- the UOC of U.S.A., Metropolitan Ioan to address clergy retreats and give spiritual ly ask the Council of Bishops to bless the control of Church Theodorovich brought the Kyivan mes- lectures to the faithful and a conference use of this prayer or another prayer, and to Dear Editor: sage to these shores with the specific honoring St. Petro Mohyla featuring direct its reading in all of our churches. I purpose of disseminating the spirit of the scholars from both Ukraine and the dias- would also suggest that the practice in I have been following your excellent autocephalous creed for the generations pora. All of the above, as well as other Ukraine of chanting a second kondak to the and even-handed coverage of discussion of Ukrainian Orthodox faithful in the activities, would strengthen our spiritual Mother of God during the divine liturgy be about the Ukrainian Orthodox Church diaspora. Following the brutal extermi- contacts with Orthodoxy in Ukraine and adopted for use in our churches. The kon- (UOC) in U.S. for many months now. nation of autocephaly in the 1930s in not infringe upon the current ban against dak to the Mother of God of Pochayiv (in The issues raised on editorial pages of Ukraine, a revival, nonetheless, occurred episcopal Eucharistic concelebration. the popular and familiar tone one) could be your newspaper have not only far-reach- under unforgiving German oppression in Conversely, while I support the Kyiv sung (with one suggested word change) in ing impact on the future direction of 1942. This time the revival was with the Patriarchate and indeed have served the our churches, asking that the Mother of Ukrainian church life in the diaspora, but blessing of the patriarch of Poland, in the divine liturgy with Patriarch Filaret, as God protect and help the Church of Christ may also impact the nature and the char- canonical (a term much misapplied in the well as with clergy under the jurisdiction in Ukraine. The prayer, along with the acter of the Church in Ukraine. last few years) hands of the Bishop of of Patriarch Dymytrii, I think that to place singing of the kondak, would constitute our On the surface, the dispute appears to Lutsk, Polikarp. all of our hope in one man is a mistake. sincere prayer and entreaty for the be about the canonical status of the Mstyslav Skrypnyk was one of the Nonetheless, this seems to be precisely Ukrainian Orthodox Church and would Church, and subordination of the status first to heed the call and eventually the myopic view taken by certain priests certainly place our struggle for the Church to the supervision of the patriarch of a joined forces with Metropolitan Ioan in and parishes of the UOC in the U.S.A. on a higher moral ground. non-existing city. This superficial part of the United States. My father also was and Diaspora. The ultimate result is a nar- the dispute has the surreal quality of the ordained during that precarious period by Prayer for unity medieval scholastic dispute about the another of Metropolitan Polikarp’s disci- row, short-term historical and, indeed, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church future view of the Ukrainian Orthodox number of angels on the head of a pin. ples, Bishop Ghennady. All that history, Patriarchate. We must remember, howev- Heavenly Father, through holy baptism The real issue appears just below the all that legacy is now being discarded by er, that all bishops will eventually be and the seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit, surface of the argument. This issue the revisionists. called to their eternal reward; the Church, You have united our ancestors in recog- repeats itself like the leitmotif of a As I thought further, I recalled the out- on the other hand, will live forever. This nizing You alone as true God, and Jesus, Wagnerian opera in almost every letter to rage that I felt on behalf of my Greek- sad state of affairs in the Ukrainian the Christ, as Your only begotten Son. the editor. And like the main theme of Catholic brothers when their married Orthodox Church in Ukraine and in the We entreat You to unite all those who “Der Ring,” it is not about spirituality, but priests were ordered out of territorial Diaspora reminds me of a verse from recognize You as true God, and especial- about power and money – or more exactly Poland. This was an attack on our tradi- about control, and the ultimate use of sacred Scripture from the Book of Judges: ly to look upon and unite the faithful in tions. This was an attack on our heritage. money generated by the sweat and toil of “In those days there was no king in Israel, your holy Church in our native and This was an attack on our Ukrainians. many generations of Church members. every man did that which was right in his divinely blessed independent Ukraine. This was an attack on me. The real issue of the dispute, so clear- own eyes” (Judges 21:25). Remembering, O Lord, the sacred com- Similarly, I cannot help but feel that ly illustrated in a recent letter by Anna It is as if the Ukrainian Orthodox mandment “that all may be one” that had this callous disregard of our Ukrainian Wojtiuk, is who is going to inherit and Church outside of Ukraine continues to once been kept by Your holy Church, autocephalous heritage is not merely control fiscal resources of the Church, breath with only one lung. While Ukraine blessed and strengthened by St. Olha and affecting the Orthodox faithful. It is an now under the new management. was under Soviet rule and the Ukrainian St. Volodymyr of Kyiv, we ask You, the affront to all Ukrainians, regardless of The tragedy of all of this is that the Orthodox Church forbidden (I do not use Source of all wisdom and unity, to place creed. We simply dare not let it hap- trust between laity and hierarchy of the the word destroyed, for it is now evident into the hearts and souls of your ser- pen. Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America, that within the hearts of the nation the vants, the archpastors who guide and so long taken for granted under the stew- Wolodymyr Mohuchy Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox shepherd the Ukrainian Orthodox faith- ardship of Patriarch Mstyslav, no longer Nutley, N.J., Church was never destroyed), the Church ful, the love, humility and strength nec- exists. And one cannot but realize that outside of Ukraine continues to breathe essary to discern Your true will. We ask without such trust the future of the with only one lung in that it was denied for your blessings upon the bishops, The Ukrainian Weekly wel- Church is doomed. eucharistic communion by and with the priests, deacons and monastics of the The fundamental question of missing comes letters to the editor. Letters Church who must guide your people to a “official” or “canonical” Orthodox patriar- trust between the laity and hierarchy, as should be typed (double-spaced) greater love and understanding of You, chates and autocephalous Churches well as of control of fiscal resources, and signed; they must be originals, because of their sins committed in desiring the Creator and Father of us all. deserves serious and honest considera- not photocopies. political peace with the “Soviet Church.” Grant to all your people in Ukraine, tions by all the delegates to the Church’s The daytime phone number and When the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and to her children scattered throughout forthcoming Synod. in Ukraine was resurrected and the world, a true and sincere desire to address of the letter-writer must Metropolitan Mstyslav was called to be work for sacred unity within one holy Ihor Lysyj be given for verification purposes. the first patriarch of Kyiv and all Ukraine, Ukrainian Orthodox Church; one Church, Austin, Texas No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 9

DATELINE NEW YORK: Virsky dancers dazzle audiences by Helen Smindak

They came, they danced, they conquered – dazzling thousands upon thousands of viewers in 38 North American cities with their exuberant artistry, glorious costumes and breathtaking choreography. From the kickoff performance of the Virsky Ukrainian National Dance Company’s 1998 tour in Providence, R.I., the superlatives kept surging in to New York from cities along the group’s route – Ottawa, Hamilton, Toronto, Chicago, Cleveland and Schenectady, N.Y., as well as other stops on the itinerary. The reviews were rhapsodic, praising the gravity-defying leaps and spins performed by the men, the delicate and graceful movements of the women, the visual splendor of elaborately embroidered and beribboned costumes from many regions of Ukraine. There was more than one suggestion that the Virsky company, as folk dance-cum-spectacle, could be com- pared to such mega-dance shows as “Riverdance,” “Tango Argentino” and “Tap Dogs.” By the time the troupe arrived in New York toward the end of its tour, New Yorkers’ appetites had been sharpened by advance stories in the local press and the dancers’ appearances on national TV programs. Terry Tucco of The New York Times pointed out that “this time all the dances are Ukrainian,” now that the company has gained its artistic independence from Russia. On his NBC show in May, Conan O’Brien welcomed the company and attempted some Hopak steps under the guidance of dancer Olena Rybalko. The stars of ABC’s Virsky dancers perform a segment from the dance “The Carpathians.” nationally-syndicated morning show “Live with Regis and Kathie Lee” hosted a performance by several Virsky dancers, with Regis Philbin in an embroidered shirt and “sharavary” trying out some “prysidky.” In mid-June the Classic Arts Show carried by the New York’s The critics comment Channel 25 included the Virsky work “Ukrainian The Virsky Ukrainian National Dance Company has mosaic of changing patterns.” – Anna Kisselgoff, Springtime,” highlighting courtship and such folk tradi- always enthralled critics, and this time around was no The New York Times. exception. Below are excerpts from some of the reviews. tions as fortune-telling with wreaths. • “The sheer physical beauty and technical bril- liance of these balletically trained folk dance per- Finally, Virsky arrived in New York with 70 dancers • “For all the lovingly crafted folk costumes and formers is astonishing. On top of this, they infuse the and 16 musicians, and the City Center in midtown deftly deployed props, it’s still the dancing that stage with a genuine sense of joyfulness and mis- Manhattan was engulfed on three nights by Ukrainians astounds. It alternates between formal, geometric chief.” – Hedy Weiss, Chicago Sun-Times. and folk-dance enthusiasts of all ages. Expectations ran line or circle dances, performed with a combination • “Breathtaking technical acuity and remarkably high, but not one went away disappointed. of practiced charm and military precision – this is the tight corps work, particularly for a troupe of its size. From the welcoming dance “Ukraine, My Ukraine,” women’s specialty – and bouyant, energetic free-for- A unique blend of classical and Ukrainian folk tech- featuring myriad regional costumes and the traditional alls in which the men try to outdo one another in nique and a lucid, lyrical style that are incompara- presentation of bread and salt, to the exhilarating “Hopak” mind-boggling processions of bent-kneed athleti- ble.” – Laurel Greszler, Cleveland Plain Dealer. finale, the program was sheer delight and spine-tingling cism.” – Sylviane Gold, Long Island Newsday. • “Call it the Ukrainian ‘Riverdance.’ Especially excitement. Cheering audiences expressed appreciation • “The (Virsky) company founded in Kiev [sic] in liked the Toulouse Lautrec portion, where the men with bravos, applause, whistling and standing ovations. 1937 is made up of professional dancers with ballet did the impossible, dancing on their butts with thighs Most spectacular and brilliant, for most viewers, were training; hence the larger-than-life plasticity of the extended.” – Rita Zekas, The Toronto Star. two Virsky signature pieces – “Zaporozhtsi,” a precision men, whose deep pliés, flips and spins in the air and • “One would be hard-pressed to find a flaw in drill performed to martial drum beats by Kozaks clad in red loose-hipped kicks are executed with a lightness that Virsky’s show, one performance after another true makes their bravura all the more astonishing. Effort perfection in Ukrainian dance, placement and move- and gold and brandishing long spears, and “Embroiderers,” is concealed; power is redefined ... The women’s ment of the dancers, solid harmony, never an unsmil- an awesome work executed by a stage-full of women weav- lyricisms does not preclude speed and precision ing face in dance that cheers.” – Susan Hickman, The ing multi-colored ropes in tricky patterns that evolved mag- while moving with swivel-smooth grace into a Ottawa Citizen. ically into an actual piece of traditional needlework. “Povzunets” displayed the Kozak joy of life and love of freedom as 10 men of the company showed off their artistic agility and technical prowess, performing the entire work in a squatting position. “The Lads from Kyiv,” pitting one short and one tall group of men against each other, brought out camaraderie and the Ukrainian affinity for humor and fun. The lithe, graceful movements of the female dancers were highlighted in the ethereal dance “Verbychenka.” Dressed in white and pale green costumes and carrying willow branches – symbols of peace and harmony – 20 women swayed lyrically to gentle music. “The Carpathians,” a work that opened with three trembita players on a mist-covered stage, starred dozens of colorfully costumed dancers recreating the lively folk-dance steps and mannerisms of the Carpathian Mountain people who inhabit the Hutsulschyna, Bukovyna and Zakarpattia regions. Like the welcoming number at the show’s opening, “The Carpathians” was choreographed by company director Myroslav Vantukh. Wistful tales of love and courtship, interspersed between the group numbers, were sketched by some of the troupe’s soloists in “Podolianochka” and “Under the Cherry Tree.” The second dance, featuring three puppet-like figures, was an original Virsky piece with a highly humorous twist. Throughout the show, the creative use of props and light- ing heightened the impact of the dancing and the music of the company’s orchestra, conducted by Vitaliy Redko. So entrancing was the Virsky performance that some (Continued on page ) Men of the Virsky ensemble in one of the numbers showcasing their athleticism and grace. 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

guidance of dancer Olena Rybalko. The THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY stars of ABC’s nationally-syndicated Virsky(Continued dancers... from page ) morning show “Live with Regis and They came, they danced, they con- Kathie Lee” hosted a performance by quered – dazzling thousands upon thou- several Virsky dancers, with Regis sands of viewers in 38 North American Philbin in an embroidered shirt and cities with their exuberant artistry, glori- “sharavary” trying out some “prysidky.” ous costumes and breathtaking choreog- In mid-June the Classic Arts Show car- raphy. ried by the New York’s Channel 25 ( ) From the kickoff performance of the included the Vrisky work “Ukrainian CALL 973 292- Virsky Ukrainian National Dance Springtime,” highlighting courtship and Company’s 1998 tour in Providence, R.I., such folk traditions as fortune-telling the superlatives kept surging in to New with wreaths. York from cities along the group’s route Finally, Virsky arrived in New York Planning a trip to – Ottawa, Hamilton, Toronto, Chicago, with 70 dancers and 16 musicians, and Cleveland and Schenectady, N.Y., as well the City Center in midtown Manhattan as other stops on the itinerary. The was engulfed on three nights by UKRAINE? reviews were rhapsodic, praising the Ukrainians and folk-dance enthusiasts of gravity-defying leaps and spins per- all ages. Expectations ran high, but not Personalized formed by the men, the delicate and one went away disappointed. graceful movements of the women, the From the welcoming dance “Ukraine, Travel Service at visual splendor of elaborately embroi- My Ukraine,” featuring myriad regional Reasonable Rates dered and beribboned costumes from costumes and the traditional presentation many regions of Ukraine. of bread and salt, to the exhilarating “Hopak” finale, the program was sheer •VISAS•HOTELS•MEALS• There was more than one suggestion that the Virsky company, as folk dance- delight and spine-tingling excitement. •TRANSFERS•GUIDES• cum-spectacle, could be compared to Cheering audiences expressed apprecia- such mega-dance shows as “Riverdance,” tion with bravos, applause, whistling and St. Vladimir Institute •AIR TICKETS• •CARS WITH DRIVERS• “Tango Argentino” and “Tap Dogs.” standing ovations. RECTOR By the time the troupe arrived in New Most spectacular and brilliant, for St. Vladimir Institute •INTERPRETERS• most viewers, were two Virsky signature is a non-profit organization with a York toward the end of its tour, New multi-purpose resource facility providing residence for •SIGHTSEEING• Yorkers’ appetites had been sharpened by pieces – “Zaporozhtsi,” a precision drill post-secondary students andSeeks a venue for Ukrainian cultur- advance stories in the local press and the performed to martial drum beats by al/educational programs.RECTOR a live-in English and Ukrainian speaking (individual or couple), dancers’ appearances on national TV pro- Kozaks clad in red and gold and bran- responsible for resident recruitment supervision, commu- dishing long spears, and “Embroiderers,” nity liaison and building maintenance. Knowledge of the LANDMARK, LTD grams. dynamics within the Ukrainian community an asset. Legal Terry Tucco of The New York Times an awesome work executed by a stagefull residence to Canada a must. Please forward your resume toll free (800) 832-1789 in strictest confidence to: pointed out that “this time all the dances of women weaving multi-colored ropes St. Vladimir Institute DC/MD/VA (703) 941-6180 in tricky patterns that evolved magically 620 Spadina Ave. are Ukrainian,” now that the company Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2H4 fax (703) 941-7587 has gained its artistic independence from into an actual piece of traditional needle- Fax: 416-923-8266 Russia. work. On his NBC show in May, Conan “Povzunets” displayed the Kozak joy O’Brien welcomed the company and of life and love of freedom as 10 men of attempted some Hopak steps under the the company showed off their artistic Free Cash Grants! FLOWERS College. Scholarships. Business. how to make varenyky and borsch! Medical Bills. Never Repay. Harvard Institute’s... It saddens us that someone so influen- (Continued from page 7) tial in the Ukrainian American communi- Toll Free 1-800-218-9000 these “blissfully oblivious” Harvard aca- ty appears to be so ill-informed. We felt Ext. G-6945 Delivered in Ukraine demics have donated valuable summer that we were doing enough to publicize 1-800-832-1789 research time to teach the children of the our activities – and here The Ukrainian Ukrainian American and Canadian com- Weekly has been most helpful – but Dr. Landmark, Ltd. munities. We thought that Dr. Kuropas Kuropas’ column shows us that we need WEST2282 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ARKA Ont., Canada M6S 1N9 appreciated this when he lectured at to do more. Harvard last summer. Harvard professors We would like to use this opportunity Gifts teach those courses, which are so vital to to express our profound thanks to all Ukrainian Handicrafts the cultural heritage of the young genera- members of the Ukrainian community Art, Ceramics, Jewellery A. CHORNY tion, and, for the past few years, Dr. who have contributed to and continue to Books, Newspapers Kuropas will be relieved to know (con- support Ukrainian studies at Harvard. We Cassettes, CDs, Videos sidering his priorities), that we at assure them that their contributions have Embroidery Supplies Harvard have also been teaching them been put to good use. Packages and Services to Ukraine

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PACKAGES TO UKRAINE Attention, Students! Throughout the year Ukrainian student clubs plan and hold activities. as low as $ .65 per Lb The Ukrainian Weekly urges students to let us and the Ukrainian com- DNIPRO CO munity know about upcoming events. NEWARK, NJ PHILADELPHIA CLIFTON, NJ The Weekly will be happy to help you publicize them. We will also be glad to print timely news stories about events that have already taken 698 Sanford Ave 1801 Cottman Ave 565 Clifton Ave place. Photos also will be accepted. Tel. 973-373-8783 Tel. 215-728-6040 Tel. 973-916-1543 *Pick up service available MAKE YOURSELF HEARD. No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 11

NOTESNOTES ONON PEOPLEPEOPLE Tatarenko assumes council seat in Clifton Receives McMaster University’s highest honor by Tom Hawrylko Mr. Tatarenko has served in many WINDSOR, Ontario – “The appointed and elected positions. For six president of McMaster University,” CLIFTON, N.J. – Ukrainians throughout years he held the elected positions of com- the attractively framed certificate Passaic County applauded the inauguration missioner and vice-president of the Board reads, “on behalf of the McMaster of Stefan Tatarenko to the Clifton City of Education. He has also been a member Students’ Union, hereby awards to Council on July 1. A longtime member of of the Clifton Clean Communities Anna Marzotto the Honor M and the Ukrainian National Association Branch Committee and the Clifton Traffic Council. grants membership in the 25, Mr. Tatarenko became Clifton’s first McMaster Honor Society. The Ukrainian councilperson since Stanley He served on the Clifton 80th Anniversary Committee in 1997. award, the highest honor bestowed Zwier was selected mayor in 1958. by the McMaster Students’ Union, The new councilperson, his wife, Anna, “I consider public service to be a great is conferred in recognition of out- and their two sons, Peter and Andrew, have honor and one that offers much fulfillment standing and valuable service to the to those willing to contribute time and ener- made Clifton their home for over 20 years. McMaster community.” gy,” said Mr. Tatarenko, a choir member of Mr. Tatarenko said he is proud of the fact This award is presented annu- the Holy Ascension Ukrainian Orthodox that both his boys have been educated in the ally, since 1932, to McMaster stu- Church on Broad Street in Clifton, where city’s public schools. dents (maximum three awards he has been a member of the parish’s board As his four-year term begins, Mr. presented per year) for leadership of directors for many years. Tatarenko said he plans to expand housing in non-athletic extra-curricular “I feel qualified to meet the challenges opportunities for senior citizens and recre- volunteer activities. Ms. Marzotto our city faces today,” he added. ational programs for youth. was the sole recipient this year of the prestigious Honor M award. Throughout her four years at McMaster, Ms. Marzotto was Anna Marzotto receives award from McMaster involved in various aspects of University President Peter George. student government, such as the University Senate committee, student dent in his presentation speech, “is a bet- clubs, residences and theater. ter place because of her involvement and Her most rewarding achievement, how- contributions.” The biggest recipient of ever, was the rejuvenation of the McMaster Ms. Marzotto’s intellectual legacy, how- Ukrainian Students’ Association, of which ever, has to be the McMaster Ukrainian she became president. This club hosted the Students’ Association, which during her Ukrainian Canadian Students’ Union presidency, not only grew in membership Eastern Conference, attended by members and number of activities, but got of six university Ukrainian Student Clubs involved nationally, and was left with a from across Eastern Ontario. good prospect for future development. At this year’s national congress of the Ms. Marzotto, an honors graduate in Ukrainian Canadian Students’ Union, art history and drama is the daughter of which was held at McMaster, Ms. Marzotto Tito and Svitlana Marzotto. They are was elected to the national executive as members of UNA Branch 341 in Stefan Tatarenko (second from right) with his wife, Anna, and sons, Peter (left) and vice-president for the Great Lakes Region. Windsor, of which Svitlana Halich- Andrew. “The university,” remarked the presi- Marzotto is president.

èêÖáàÑßü ëÖêÖÑéÇàôÄ ìäêÄ∫çëúäé∫ ÉéãéÇçé∫ ÇàáÇéãúçé∫ êÄÑà Nevertheless, the secondary T-bill Moody’s reduces... market remains stable, he said, demon- ‰¥ÎËÚ¸Òfl ·Óβ˜Ó-ÒÛÏÌÓ˛ ‚¥ÒÚÍÓ˛ Á ˜ÎÂ̇ÏË È ÛÍð‡ªÌÒ¸ÍËÏ „ðÓχ‰flÌÒÚ‚ÓÏ, (Continued from page 3) strating that non-residents are still not ˘Ó Û Ì‰¥Î˛, 19-„Ó ÎËÔÌfl 1998 ð. Û è¥ÚÚÒ·Ûð£Û, è‡. National Bank of Ukraine Chairman ready to substantially reduce their stake Ô¥ÒÎfl ‰Ó‚„Óª ̉ۄË, ̇ 88-ÏÛ ðÓˆ¥ ·‡„‡ÚÓÚðÛ‰Ë‚Ó„Ó ÊËÚÚfl ÔÓÏÂð Viktor Yuschenko said on July 14 that the in the market. devaluation is the result of non-residents Mr. Yuschenko also blamed the hryv- leaving the domestic T-bill market. In the nia’s devaluation on the deepening crisis first nine days of July, the chairman noted, in the international markets, including non-residents took about $130 million Russia, where the rates on state treasury (U.S.) out of the Ukrainian market; this bills were raised from 80 percent to 120 figure is roughly double the amount taken percent. These problems have spurred the out by foreigners during the same period NBU to spend $150 million (U.S.) during in 1997. Non-residents currently hold 28 percent of the total volume of T-bills, a 22 the period of July 1-13 in support of the ·Î. Ô. percent decrease from January. However, national currency. Mr. Yuschenko said Mr. Yuschenko reported, the volume of the total volume of operations at the cur- funds taken out of Ukraine by non-resi- rency market has not changed, indicating åàäéãÄ ãÖÅÖÑú dents was 15 million to 20 million hrv continued stability in the domestic cur- lower than the NBU had predicted. rency market. ‰¥˛˜ËÈ ÔðÓ‚¥‰ÌËÍ éìç ‚ ìÍð‡ªÌ¥ Û ðÓ͇ı 1941-43, Óð„‡Ì¥Á‡ÚÓð Ô¥‰Ô¥Î¸ÌÓª ÔðÓÚË̥ψ¸ÍÓª ·ÓðÓÚ¸·Ë, ÉÂÌÂð‡Î¸ÌËÈ ëÂÍðÂÚ‡ð ÁÓ‚Ì¥¯Ì¥ı ÒÔð‡‚ ìÉÇê, tions that have been created by the presi- Ó‰ËÌ Á ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÍ¥‚ Ú‡ ‰Ó‚„ÓÎ¥ÚÌ¥È „ÓÎÓ‚‡ ÑÓÒÎ¥‰ÌÓ-‚ˉ‡‚ÌË˜Ó„Ó Patriarch Filaret... dent, we will celebrate in conjunction with é·’π‰-̇ÌÌfl ◊èðÓÎÓ„“, Ó‰ËÌ Á ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÍ¥‚ ìÍð‡ªÌÒ¸ÍÓª èÓ‚Òڇ̘Ӫ ÄðÏ¥ª (Continued from page 3) all the Churches of Ukraine. Ú‡ ‡‚ÚÓð ÔÂð¯Ó„Ó Ì‡ðËÒÛ ÍÌËÊÍË ìèÄ. such a desire could lead to union. Now, to conclude, I would like to èÓÍ¥ÈÌËÈ Á‡Î˯˂ Û ÒÏÛÚÍÛ return to the issues that we discussed What is the prognosis for joint cele- ‰Ó˜ÍÛ — áéêüçì earlier regarding relations between the brations scheduled by the Ukrainian ÒÂÒÚðÛ — éãû UOC-KP and the UOC-U.S.A. after the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches ·ÎËÊ˜Û ¥ ‰‡Î¸¯Û ðÓ‰ËÌÛ Û ‰¥flÒÔÓð¥ È ‚ ìÍð‡ªÌ¥. latter’s union with Constantinople. on the celebration of the second millen- Rumors abound that you will not give nium of the birth of Jesus Christ in the your priests permission to concelebrate èéïéêéççß éÅêüÑà: Û Ô’flÚÌˈ˛, 24-„Ó ÎËÔÌfl 1998 ð. Ó „Ó‰. 7:30 ‚˜. year 2000? the divine liturgy with priests of the èÄçÄïàÑÄ Û ÔÓıÓðÓÌÌÓÏÛ Á‡‚‰ÂÌÌ¥ è. üðÂÏË, ÔðË 129 East 7 St., New York. There will be joint celebrations because UOC-U.S.A. Is this true? a joint organizing committee has already Ç ÒÛ·ÓÚÛ, 25-„Ó ÎËÔÌfl 1998 ð. Á‡ÛÔÓÍ¥È̇ ëãìÜÅÄ ÅéÜÄ Ó „Ó‰. 9:30 ð‡ÌÍÛ There will be no such order from our Û ˆÂðÍ‚¥ Ò‚. ûð‡ ÔðË 7-¥È ‚ÛÎ., ‡ ÓÔ¥ÒÎfl ÚÎ¥ÌÌ¥ ÓÒÚ‡ÌÍË ÔÓÍ¥ÈÌÓ„Ó been established by the president to which side because such concelebration between representatives of all the confessions, ·Û‰ÛÚ¸ ÔÂð‚ÂÁÂÌ¥ ̇ ÛÍð‡ªÌÒ¸ÍËÈ Ôð‡‚ÓÒ·‚ÌËÈ ˆ‚ËÌÚ‡ð the priesthood of the UOC-KP and the Ò‚. Ä̉ð¥fl èÂð‚ÓÁ‚‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Û ë. Ň‚̉ ÅðÛÍÛ, ç. ÑÊ. including Greek-Catholics, belong. UOC-U.S.A. has existed. When they visit There is a general program of state cele- Ukraine they celebrate [divine liturgy] in ÑÓ˜ˆ¥ áÓðflÌ¥ ¥ ðÓ‰ËÌ¥ ÒÍ·‰‡πÏÓ „ÎË·ÓÍ ÒÔ¥‚˜ÛÚÚfl. brations of this jubilee. Within this frame- our churches together with us. work, in May we held an All-Ukrainian There will be no obstacles laid down Ç¥˜Ì‡ ԇϒflÚ¸ ÔÓÍ¥ÈÌÓÏÛ! Christian Forum on the occasion of the from our side. We will do just the opposite 2,000th anniversary of the birth of Christ. and continue to support common prayer I believe that, given the amenable condi- among Orthodox Ukrainians. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

Belarus emerged as the champion, with Sprinter Pintusevych... Aleksei Bondarenko of Russia and Blaine (Continued from page 1) Wilson of the U.S. in second and third. John Godina, C.J. Hunter and Adam The next day Mr. Zozulia was seventh Nelson, who came in one-two-three for in the individual floor exercise. The top the U.S. three were Aleksei Nemov of Russia, Jay Ms. Teslenko managed a sixth-place Thornton of the U.S. and Mr. Bondarenko finish on July 19 in the women’s individ- of Russia. ual all-round gymnastics competition, The Ukrainian gymnast was seventh whose winner was Dominique Moceanu of again on July 22 in the rings competition the U.S. A duo of gymnasts from Romania, won by Chris Lamorte of the U.S; SUMMER PROGRAMS 1998 Maria Olaru and Simona Amanar, came in Messrs. Ivankov and Bondarenko tied for Saturday, August 1 second and third; while fourth and fifth second place. ~8:30 p.m. CONCERT – UKRAINIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC were taken by Fei Meng of China and Founded in 1986 by media mogul Ted Baritone YAROSALAV HNATIUK, Pianist SVITLANA HNATIUK Turner in the wake of Cold War boycotts 10:00 p.m. DANCE – music provided by FATA MORGANA Sierra Sapunar of the U.S. Ms. Teslenko came in sixth also in the of several consecutive Olympic Games Saturday, August 8 uneven bars competition, held on July (1976, 1980 and 1984), the first Goodwill ~8:30 p.m. CONCERT – Ensemble KAZKA 21, behind Svetlana Khorkina of Russia, Games took place in Moscow in 1986. 10:00 p.m. DANCE – music provided by LUNA Elise Ray of the U.S., Ms. Amanar and Subsequent competitions were held in Seattle in 1990 and St. Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, August 15 Ms. Ungureanu of Romania, and ~8:30 p.m. CONCERT – Soprano LUBA SCHYBCHYK Dominique Dawes of the U.S. in 1994. The next games are scheduled for 10:00 p.m. DANCE – music provided by ZOLOTA BULAVA She also had a third sixth-place finish 2001 in Brisbane, Australia. 11:45 p.m. Crowning of “MISS SOYUZIVKA 1999” on July 22 in the floor exercise, in which In New York the venues for various the medalists were Vanessa Alter of the sports competitions include Central Park, Sunday, August 16 U.S., gold; Ms. Amanar, silver; and Ms. Battery Park and Madison Square Garden UNWLA DAY Ungureanu, bronze. in Manhattan, Nassau Veterans Memorial Saturday, August 22 UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATIONS On July 20, Roman Zozulia finished Coliseum, Eisenhower Park and the ~8:30 p.m. CONCERT – SOYUZIVKA DANCE WORKSHOP RECITAL fourth in the individual men’s gymnastics Mitchel Athletic Complex on Long Island, Director: ROMA PRYMA BOHACHEVSKY all-around competition. Ivan Ivankov of and Wagner College on Staten Island. 10:00 p.m. DANCE – music provided by BURYA

Saturday, August 29 entered in the tournament. (Eastern ~8:30 p.m. CONCERT – Violist HALYNA KOLESSA; Pianist OKSANA RAWLIUK PROTENIC Newsbriefs Economist) 10:00 p.m. DANCE – music provided by VIDLUNNIA (Continued from page 2) Japanese agency lowers Ukraine’s rating Kharkiv under-11 team excels in U.S. LABOR DAY WEEKEND CELEBRATIONS KYIV – The Japanese rating agency R&I CONCERTS, DANCES, EXHIBITS, TENNIS TOURNAMENT, SWIMMING COMPETITION BLAINE, Minn. – Druzhba ‘78, an has lowered Ukraine’s credit rating from (Details TBA) under-11 soccer team from Kharkiv that is BB+ to BB-, Ukrainian News reported on touring the United States, participated in the July 20. The agency said the change is due July 12-17 U.S.A. Cup international soccer to the prolonged suspension of International tournament in suburban Minneapolis. The Monetary Fund loans to Ukraine and Ukrainian team reached the quarterfinals increased political risk within the country before losing to a team from Tulsa, Okla. following the election of a leftist Verkhovna HE KRAINIAN EEKLY Before this loss, the squad had won five Rada. Ukraine’s Finance Minister Ihor T U W straight matches without giving up a goal. Mitiukov commented that the Japanese Visit our archive on the Internet at: The tournament included over 800 teams agency will raise Ukraine’s rating once the from around the world. The Kharkiv team country receives another loan from the IMF. http://www.panix.com/~polishuk/TheWeekly/h was the only Eastern European team (RFE/RL Newsline) ome.shtml died and the more than 800,000 clean-up Gore visits... workers who were on the front lines in (Continued from page 4) the aftermath of the nuclear explosion. He also called on Pakistan and India, He said the Chornobyl disaster is not countries that in May tested nuclear “primarily about the cruelty of commu- weapons in underground blasts, to sit nism.” Mr. Gore reserved that description down at the bargaining table and sign the for Stalin’s forced famine of 1933, which Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. killed 7 million people in Ukraine. “He “Pakistani and Indian children are called it collectivization, but it was mur- playing, eating and laughing in those two der,” said the vice-president. Mr. Gore countries, while the adults threaten one added that besides the Famine Memorial, another with the possibility of nuclear located a few blocks from the Chornobyl war. Shall we betray those children, or Museum where he spoke, another monu- choose instead to safeguard their future?” ment to evil is found in Kyiv at Babyn asked Vice-President Gore. Yar, site of Nazi executions of the resi- The speech was in fact a series of dents of Kyiv, primarily Jews. brushstrokes painting a picture on which Mr. Gore both paraphrased and direct- Mr. Gore has expounded before: the need ly quoted biblical passages in presenting for the world to realize that it is intercon- his message of a single world destiny. nected physically and economically in “The truth, as we have been taught, will today’s high-tech age and that the chil- set us free,” said Mr. Gore. “The truth dren are its future. taught by Chornobyl is that we are all At one point he wondered whether the connected – forever,” he added. Soviet Union and the Kyiv party bosses At another moment, alluding to the could have hidden the Chornobyl catas- concept of peacemakers found in the trophe from the world for five days if Bible, he said “Join the peacemakers,” there had been widespread Internet noting, “Their ranks are growing every- usage in 1986. day.” He lauded Liubov Kovalevska, a He named Ukraine as one of the newspaper journalist who in 1986 wrote peacemaker countries and, again quoting a stinging critique of the safety at the the Bible, said, “‘And they shall beat Chornobyl facility a month before the their swords into plowshares, and their catastrophe. The vice-president suggested spears into pruning hooks.” He added that in an environment of open debate that, “by shipping nuclear warheads to and free speech such an article might the Russian Federation and receiving have been more effective. reactor fuel back in exchange, Ukraine He also honored the firefighters who has shown us all how.”

Need a back issue? If you’d like to obtain a back issue of The Ukrainian Weekly, send $2 per copy (first-class postage included) to: Administration, The Ukrainian Weekly, 2200 Route 10, P.O. Box 280, Parsippany, NJ 07054. No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 13 SUM resort in Ellenville sponsors 39th annual “Zlet” for youth ELLENVILLE, N.Y. – The Ukrainian American Youth Association (SUM) sponsored its 39th consecutive annual spring festival, “Zlet,” on May 23-24 here at the SUM resort. Zlet presents an opportunity for youth groups to exhibit projects, to engage in competitions testing their knowledge about various aspects of Ukrainian histo- ry and cultural traditions, and to perform with their dance, bandura and drama ensembles within a talent-contest-type forum. There were also individual and team sports competitions, including sprint, distance and relay races, broad jump, shot put, and obstacle course races, as well as tournaments in volleyball and soccer. Youths also had an opportunity to socialize at a barbecue and a zabava before spending the night in the new bar- racks and adjacent tents. Although the Zlet held at the Ellenville resort involved only the 11 SUM branches along the Eastern Seaboard, there were 473 participants ranging from age 4 through 17. This year they were joined by a contingent of 21 participants from Montreal, who per- formed admirably in their first Zlet Runners prepare for race during SUM’s annual “Zlet” in Ellenville, N.Y. appearance. The continued growth of SUM is reflected in the participation of from Philadelphia, led by Ivan Yaworsky. For the third consecutive year Adriana Yonkers A; and third place, New York A. an ever-growing number of children-ages The Yonkers branch took first place in Rudyk of Yonkers won the individual tro- Soccer, 6-9 age group – first place, 3-5. overall scoring for the seventh consecu- phy for most points in the 13-17 age Yonkers A; second place, Philadelphia; This year the responsibility for coordi- tive year, while the Passaic branch was group; the individual trophy for the 6-12 third place, Whippany. Soccer, 10-12 age nating and conducting Zlet was under- close behind in second place. The age group went to Andrea Kolinsky of group – first place, Passaic; second place, taken by members of the SUM branch Philadelphia branch earned third place. Hartford. Yonkers B; and third place, Hartford. Trophies were awarded to winners of SUM President Yurij Nakonechny the volleyball and soccer tournaments as closed the awards ceremonies by follows: mixed volleyball – first place; expressing his gratitude to Mr. Yaworsky Hartford; second place, Boston; and third and his Philadelphia contingent, as well place, Yonkers B. girls’ volleyball – first as to all of the SUM members for their place, Philadelphia; second place, participation in another successful Zlet. Air Ukraine Ä‚¥aΥ̥fl ìÍð‡ªÌË

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TUESDAY, FRIDAY AND SUNDAY FLIGHTS TO New York – Kyiv New York – Lviv – Kyiv SUM President Yurij Nakonechny (center) is flanked by Danylo Puszka (left), counselor from Yonkers, N.Y., and Orest Kozicky, head of the Yonkers SUM • Flying time is 4 hours faster than any other airline branch, which emerged as the champion of the 1998 “Zlet.” • Highly qualified pilots • Excellent service with traditional Ukrainian hospitality tion 2B; and produced the underground and great meals on board Dr. Bohdan Struminski... humor review Alzo. • Day-time and evening flights from JFK-New York (Continued from page 4) Dr. Struminski was a member of the Boston Support Group for Solidarity dur- ing English versions of Volumes 3 and 7 - -UKRAINE ( ) and translating Old Church Slavonic, Latin, ing the period of martial law in Poland. He 1 800 1-800-857-2463 was a vociferous critic of the Soviet inva- Middle Ukrainian and Polish texts for sion and occupation of Afghanistan and or contact your travel agent. many of the other volumes in progress, lent his polemical efforts to the Chechen making significant contributions to the fin- cause following Russia’s armed interven- For arrival and departure information ished version of Volume 1, which appeared tion in the area in the 1990s. Dr. Struminski in print in 1997. He also served as the pro- had just completed a monograph on the call (718) 656-9896, (718) 632-6909 ject’s consultant on various philological Chechen issue prior to his death. questions, and was working on Volume 9, Dr. Struminski is survived by his wife, Part 1, when he died. Kathleen M. Lestition, of Arlington, Mass., Ever the scholar engagé, Dr. Struminski and son, Igor Struminski, of Warsaw. A Air Ukraine channeled his abiding interest in contempo- memorial service was conducted on June 551 Fifth Ave., Suite 1002, 1005 rary political issues into contributions to the 27 at the Our Lady of Czechostowa Church New York, NY 10176 Ukrainian journal Suchasnist (to which he in Dorchester, Mass., and his remains were submitted political and satirical essays sent to Warsaw for interment. under the pseudonym D. Baiursky) and the Memorial contributions may be made to Cargo Shipping: Paris-based Polish journal Kultura (under the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy, the pseudonym A. Skiwski). He also edited 241 Neponset St., Dorchester, MA 02122, Zycie Polonii, an organ of the Eastern or to the Jacyk Center for Historical Air Ukraine - Cargo Massachussetts wing of the Polish Research, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian 2307 Coney Island Ave. (Ave. T), Brooklyn, NY 11223 American Congress; served as the manag- Studies, 352 Athabasca Hall, University of tel.: 718-376-1023, fax: 718-376-1073 ing editor of the Polish bilingual publica- Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E8. 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

decades, it is becoming more and more their offspring. With the relentless all the young people of Ukrainian origin The Ukrainian Canadian... evident that the young people today are advance of assimilation, they have had and that would have only one purpose: to (Continued from page 6) less inclined to actively retain their only limited success. keep alive the cultural heritage of the Here is how these figures compare Ukrainian heritage. Most of them, of Few young people today know or Ukrainian people. with the census data of previous years. course, are proud of their Ukrainian back- understand the Ukrainian language, fewer This does not mean that the members of (The second column lists the number of ground (fewer perhaps among those who speak it, and fewer still can read or write such an organization will not differ in Canadians who gave Ukrainian as their come from mixed marriages). They would Ukrainian. What reason, then, do they views and attitudes on political, economic, mother tongue, the third the number who not think of hiding or being uncomfortable have to join a Ukrainian organization? social and religious issues. However, this indicated that the language they used in with their origin or changing their names As mentioned earlier, their immigrant should not prevent them from working the home was Ukrainian): as some in previous generations did. grandparents formed organizations chiefly together toward that one primary objective They like to hear Ukrainian music and because they wanted to be together with – just as people with differing political and songs (even if they don’t understand the their own people, people who spoke the religious views work together in trade Use of Ukrainian language in Canada words), they like all the Ukrainian foods, same language. These organizations unions, service clubs, volunteer groups, which they remember from their child- served a variety of their needs: religious, sports clubs, senior citizens groups and Year Mother Language Tongue of the Home hood (even if, like all other Canadians, cultural, social, economic and political. various other community organizations. they call them “perogies” instead of Their grandchildren, however, do not need Do Canadians of Scottish descent sepa- 1971 309,890 132,535 pyrohy or varenyky and say “holobchee” to belong to a Ukrainian organization to rate according to their politics or religion 1981 265,025 88,500 instead of holubtsi). Some of them, most- discuss political, economic or social to commemorate and honor their national 1991 201,320 49,995 ly from the religious families, especially issues. They can, and do, belong to (and poet, Robert Burns? Do those of German 1996 174,830 41,085 in localities where large numbers of indeed are active in) any number of organ- descent separate according to their politics Ukrainian families reside, observe izations, left, right and in-between, that to study the works of Goethe in the origi- The 1996 census also revealed that 47 Ukrainian Christmas, Easter and other discuss and take up these issues. nal language? Why, then, shouldn’t young percent of the Canadians who reported holidays, as well as Ukrainian christen- The only reason they have to get Ukrainian Canadians be able to get togeth- Ukrainian as their mother tongue were ings. Many still choose to have Ukrainian together as young people of Ukrainian er, regardless of their political opinions age 65 or older, which would suggest that weddings, albeit increasingly mixed with descent would be to get to know their and religious beliefs, to learn about and the downward trend is likely to continue general “Canadian-style” ceremonies. roots, their Ukrainian heritage, the histo- honor Taras Shevchenko? even more sharply in the next decade. Whereas first and second generations ry and traditions of their parents and What form such an organization would of the Canadian-born still get together grandparents. For the reasons already Attracting younger generations take is not easy to foresee, and it would socially “because we’re Ukrainian,” cited, very few of them have been inter- be wrong to try to blueprint it in advance. One of the problems the leaders of all those of the third and fourth generation ested in doing so. Very likely it would evolve much as the the Ukrainian organizations have had to are less inclined to do so. This varies in Interestingly, in recent years some various organizations of the Ukrainian face is how to serve the needs and inter- different areas, such as urban and rural, among the very young members of the immigrants evolved in the early decades ests of the rapidly shrinking older immi- but more and more, those of the younger community have shown a keen interest in of the century. One hopes, however, that grant generation and at the same time generations tend to socialize with young their ethnic identity, a desire to rediscov- it would be with much less trauma and find ways of attracting the younger gen- people who have similar interests or er their roots. While this is not a mass fewer heartaches. erations to an organization that was inclinations, regardless of their ethnic phenomenon, it is something to build on. In the beginning, perhaps, all the established by the former, but is not very background. This may not be quite so How will those few who are truly young people of Ukrainian origin in a alluring to the latter. among the offspring of the more recent interested in learning about and preserv- locality or a neighborhood could form a Over the past four decades or more, all immigrants but it is with the grandchil- ing their cultural heritage and traditions group with a name like Ukrainian Ukrainian organizations, both left and dren of the older immigrants. be served? And who will provide that Heritage Society, or a Ukrainian Roots right, have experienced a marked decline Young people of Ukrainian origin today service? It cannot be the existing organi- Club, or some other original and novel in the number of young people in their consider themselves to be Canadians like zations, since they, clearly, have been name the young people are so adept at ranks. They are in the choirs, orchestras everyone else and see no need to empha- unable to attract the young. creating. Such a club or society could be and folk dance groups, but few of them size or refer to their ethnic origin. For Which prompts the question: Why in addition to or include the Ukrainian want to join and become active in the most young people in Canada today, should the young people of Ukrainian choir, folk dance group or other young organizations as such. While the Ukrainian except perhaps for those who belong to origin in Canada be scattered (in small people’s activity group already existing churches can claim they still have some the visible minorities, ethnic origin plays numbers) among all the many organiza- in that locality. Eventually, perhaps, an young people in their congregations, they less and less a part in their daily lives. tions that now exist in the Ukrainian umbrella group or a federation might be Canadian community? organized on a provincial or national are witnessing the same dwindling atten- Nuturing our traditions dance that has afflicted most churches Needed: one organization for youth basis to coordinate and assist these clubs everywhere. There is also an ever widen- Through most of this century, leaders and groups in their activities. ing gap between the interests of the immi- of the Ukrainian Canadian community Today, on the eve of the new millenni- In any case, one common organization grant members and the most recent gener- (both left and right), have given much um, with the Cold War ended and the is the only way that some unity, cohesion ations of the Canadian-born. thought and attention to the problem of existence of an independent, sovereign and direction can be given to the process With the greater inroads assimilation how to preserve and nurture Ukrainian Ukraine, what is really needed is one of passing on the heritage of the Ukrainian has made, especially in the recent culture and traditions in Canada among united organization that would embrace people to the coming generations.

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Ukrainian National Association Inc. 2200 Route 10 P.O. Box 280 Parsippany, NJ 07054 phone: (973) 292-9800 fax: (973) 292-0900

Ukrainian National Association Inc. 1 Eva Road, Suite 402 Etobicoke, Ontario Canada M9C 4Z5 phone: (416) 626-1999 fax: (416) 626-3841

Ukrainian National Association Inc. Benson Manor 101 Washington Lane, Suite 126A Jenkintown, PA 19046-4232 phone: (215) 887-8823 fax: (215) 887-8825

Ukrainian National Association Inc. 5691 State Road Parma, OH 44134 phone: (216) 888-4919 fax: (216) 888-3450 No. 30 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 15

Ukraine: economic... How to reach (Continued from page 2) The art exhibition and sale of the works lion U.S.), the difference between of the outstanding Ukrainian artists HE KRAINIAN EEKLY reserves and necessary payments is only Edward, Yurij, Jarema Kozak and T U W about $200 million U.S., and thus the sit- MAIN OFFICE uation is unstable. Any drop in exports Yaroslaw Wyznyckyj (editorial, subscriptions would see a fall in the amount of foreign and advertising departments): currency in the country. is now open in Hunter, N.Y. in the banquet hall of The Ukrainian Weekly, 2200 Route 10, This summer has already seen a reduc- P.O. Box 280, Parsippany, NJ 07054 tion of steel exports from Ukraine, partly phone: (973) 292-9800; fax: (973) 644-9510 as a result of production problems and partly because of a fall in the world price of steel. It is vital that Ukraine receive The Xenia Motel KYIV PRESS BUREAU: more direct foreign investment. Here, for Attention all art lovers! Hurry up! The Ukrainian Weekly, 11 Horodetsky Street the moment, the outlook seems brighter. — Apt. 33, Kyiv, Ukraine 252001, In the first quarter of 1998, direct invest- Only a few of Eko’s masterpieces are left. phone/fax: (44) 229-1906 ments rose by 15 percent compared to the same period in 1997, principally in mon- TORONTO PRESS BUREAU: etary form and property. The main invest- ments came from non-residents from (in (518) 263-4391 Ukrainian National Association, The Ukrainian Those who wish to spend their weekend or descending order), the United States, Weekly Press Bureau, 1 Eva Road — Suite 402, Holland, Germany, Cyprus, Russia and vacations in the Hunter area, please call us in advance. Etobicoke, Ontario M9C 4Z5, Canada the United Kingdom. phone: (416) 626-1999; fax: (416) 626-3841 However, long-term confidence in the recovery of the Ukrainian economy may not be sustained without government action to improve the business climate. Perspectives In fact, Ukraine’s position is quite pre- carious for several reasons: • Though the economic situation has stabilized somewhat thus far in 1998 (inflation is likely to be 5-6 percent), and this process may continue for the remain- der of the year, there is an acute shortage of credit resources and privatized firms that can show a high profitability. • About half of Ukraine’s existing fac- tories are running at a loss, according to official figures. • Privatization itself has fallen well behind schedule. • Currently over 40 percent of all transactions in the economic field are made by barter. The country needs to convert many of these to a monetary basis. • The key problem remains the gov- ernment debt, exacerbated by huge annu- al budget deficits. It has been estimated that Ukraine will borrow about $2.5 bil- lion U.S. on international capital markets in 1998 just to cover the domestic debt. Unless urgent measures are taken – particularly changes in financial policy – the recovery in growth will be very short term. There are prognostications in Kyiv that even if a growth rate in GDP of 0.5 percent is maintained for the remainder of 1998, a further decline of around 3 percent is expected in 1999. However, the government cannot act without the support and approval of the Verkhovna Rada. Thus the position of chairman has become politically almost as important as that of the president itself. Four more years of virtual stagna- tion and an impasse between the govern- ment and a leftist-led Parliament can imperil the very foundations of the Ukrainian economy. The economic situation is similar to that of Southeast Asia, except that to date Ukraine has not managed to attract the confidence of either international financial institutions or individual investors to the same degree. As a transi- tion economy, Ukraine has succeeded in reducing inflation, but has not managed to secure a stable currency or an econo- my based mainly on monetary exchanges – in itself this could raise the inflation rate, but this is a separate prob- lem. Finally, Ukraine must improve its collection of taxes. The country will need to convince the IMF not only that it is fully aware of these problems, but that it is prepared to take measures to deal with them in a decisive and comprehensive fashion. The slight growth in the GDP may brighten an otherwise rather gloomy picture. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1998 No. 30

PREVIEW OF EVENTS

Saturday, August 1 Folk Festival will take place at the Ukrainian Homestead of the Organization HUNTER, N.Y.: The Music and Art for the Rebirth of Ukraine. On Saturday, Center of Greene County, as part of the the following artists will perform: SUM summer concert series, is featuring Natalia Chajka dance ensemble, of Yonkers, N.Y., Khoma, cello, and Volodymyr Vynnytsky, the Byzantine Male Choir of Northeastern piano, in a program of works by Bach, Pa., the Stashchyshyn Bandura Duo, Baley, Schubert and Rachmaninoff. The Yaroslav Hnatiuk and the Kazka ensemble. concert will be held at 8 p.m. at the On Sunday, the following artists will be Grazhda, located on Route 23A, adjacent to featured: the Voloshky dance ensemble of St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Philadelphia, the Millennium Choir of Church. For more information, please call Lehigh Valley, Pa., the Stashchyshyn (518) 989-6479. Bandura Duo, Yaroslav Hnatiuk and others. August Ukrainian food, crafts and merchandise will be available. A festival “zabava” fea- TORONTO: The St. Vladimir Institute turing the Luna Orchestra will be held on Library is sponsoring an exhibit, titled Saturday beginning at 9 p.m. For further “Cossacks.” Learn about these legendary information, please call Orest Hanas, (516) warriors of Ukraine. For further informa- 761-5585. tion, please call the institute, (416) 923- 3318. Thursday, August 27 through Monday, September 7 Monday, August 10 through Friday, August 21 VICTORIA, British Columbia: TheaterClub/Kiev in collaboration with the TORONTO: The St. Vladimir Institute is Les Kurbas Center for Theater Research sponsoring Spadina Summer Camp — (Ukraine) presents “The Old Woman” “Around the World in Ten Days.” Travel based on the short novels by Nikolai Gogol the world and discover different cultures. and Daniil Kharms, premiering as part of This program includes trips, stories and arts the ‘98 Toronto Fringe Festival to be held and crafts. Create fantastic masks, perform at The Herald Street Center for the Arts at the Chinese dragon dance, attend the 520 Herald St. For various show times and emperor’s toga party, and take part in many further information, please contact The other events. The fee is $200 for two Herald Street Center for the Arts. weeks, $100 for one week. Extended care and bus service will be available for an CANCELLATION extra fee. For further information, or to reg- HUNTER, N.Y.: The concert feaaturing ister, please call the institute, (416) 923- Oleh Krysa, violin, and Tatiana Tchekina, 3318. piano, to be presented on Saturday, Saturday-Sunday, August 15-16 August 8, by the Music and Art Center of Greene County at the Grazhda, has been LEHIGHTON, Pa.: The Sixth Annual canceled.

PLEASE NOTE PREVIEW REQUIREMENTS: • Preview of Events is a listing of Ukrainian community events open to the public. It is a service provided free of charge by The Ukrainian Weekly to the Ukrainian community. • To have an event listed in Preview of Events please send information written in Preview format (date, place, type of event, admission, sponsor, etc., in the English language, providing full names of persons and/or organiza- tions mentioned, and listing a contact person for additional information). Items not written in Preview format or submitted without all required infor- mation will not be published. Please include the phone number of a person who may be contacted by The Weekly during daytime hours. • Text should be double-spaced. • Preview items must be received one week before desired date of publica- tion. No information will be taken over the phone. Listings are published only once (please indicate desired date of publication) and appear at the dis- cretion of the editorial staff and in accordance with available space. Information should be sent to: Preview of Events, The Ukrainian Weekly, 2200 Route 10, P.O. Box 280, Parsippany, NJ 07054.

At Soyuzivka: August 1-2

KERHONKSON, N.Y. — During the weekend of August 1-2 the baritone of Yaroslav Hnatiuk will be heard at the Ukrainian Classical Music Concert to be held at Soyuzivka, the Ukrainian National Association resort, at 8:30 p.m., Saturday evening. And, later that evening, beginning at about 10 p.m., guests can dance into the night to the sounds of the ever-popular Fata Morgana. Mr. Hnatiuk has performed in almost 20 countries and has more than 250 vocal recordings and four film soundtracks to his credit. Though he performs his clas- sical repertoire superbly, he is also known for the warmth which he brings to Ukrainian vocal selections. Please call Soyuzivka at (914) 626-5641 for further information about accommoda- tions, the entertainment program, art exhibits and other special Soyuzivka fea- tures and events. Yaroslav Hnatiuk