Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe

Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey

Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck

213

Nicole Kelley

Knowledge and Religious Authority in the Pseudo-Clementines

Situating the Recognitions in Fourth Century Syria

Mohr Siebeck NICOLE KELLEY, born 1975; 2003 Ph.D. in The Study of Religion, Harvard University; currently Assistant Professor of Religion at Florida State University.

ISBN 3-16-149036-3 ISBN-13 978-3-16-149036-1 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

© 2006 by Mohr Siebeck, Tiibingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Guide-Druck in Tiibingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Held in Rottenburg/N. Printed in Germany. For Henry

Preface

This book began in 2001 as a dissertation project at Harvard University, under the direction of François Bovon and Karen King. Up to that point I'd been interested primarily in questions of ancient Jewish and Christian identity, and issues revolving around Jewish-Christian relations in the ancient world. I had not worked on much of anything past the third century C.E. when François suggested that I consider Pseudo- as a dissertation topic. In many ways, this made perfect sense. The Pseudo- Clementines are perhaps the most famous example of "Jewish-Christian" texts that survive from antiquity, so what better way to study the construction and maintenance of religious identities than to look at the work of an author who finds himself betwixt and between Judaism and ? These texts also had another very important thing going for them - one thing sought after by every prospective dissertation writer. They're neglected. Hardly anyone talks about the Pseudo-Clementines these days. This sounded like a potential contribution to scholarship. Soon I began to meet people at conferences who, when they found out I'd decided to work on the Pseudo-Clementines, told me the story of someone else who had also written a dissertation on these texts at Harvard, and (as they told the story, anyway) the experience apparently did him in. After he finished the dissertation, he decided that the academic path wasn't for him. One day he loaded up all of his academic books and sold them out of the back of his vehicle, right in the parking lot in front of Andover Hall. The implication seemed to be that I, too, might find myself being driven away from an academic career by a set of late antique documents. I began to understand their concerns for my mental health as I became more familiar with modern scholarship on the Pseudo-Clementines. Much of it is at least one hundred years old, preoccupied with source-critical questions or arcane theological issues that hardly seem useful or even relevant today. The same might be said of the ancient texts themselves, which are long and repetitive and contain material that is not particularly original. Maybe this wasn't such a good dissertation idea after all. As I began to write, however, I quickly realized that the Pseudo- Clementines were fascinating in ways that had not been addressed by VIII Preface modern scholars. For instance, there was plenty of literature on hypothetical first- and second-century sources that were thought to lie behind the texts, but remarkably little investigation of the fourth-century Homilies and Recognitions. Almost no one was looking at what these texts have to say, and how they fit into a broader understanding of early Christian history. Moreover, it seemed that people interested in the Pseudo-Clementines were not particularly curious about the fourth century, and very few people interested in the fourth century were concerned with the Pseudo-Clementines: most investivations of fourth-century Syria discuss the usual suspects such as Ephrem and and mention the Pseudo-Clementines briefly or skip them altogether. I started to wonder what might happen if these texts were brought into conversation with their fourth-century context. What do the Pseudo-Clementines tell us about fourth-century Syria, and how can fourth-century Syria help us to understand the Pseudo-Clementines? These are the initial questions that drove me to write this book. As my research progressed, it became clear that the Pseudo-Clementines are important for understanding the history of how Christians constructed their own identities and orthodoxies and negotiated them in conversation with other groups. The Recognitions is particularly useful, because it gives us a window onto a rather complex religious, social and political situation that involved not only Jews and pagans but also a variety of Christian groups. The multifaceted rivalries reflected and embedded in the text, and the text's interests in authentic tradition and correct belief that lie behind its portrait of Peter, often have not been appreciated. This book seeks to bring some of these issues to light. I am grateful to François Bovon for his gentle guidance and unfailing support, and his unparalleled knowledge of early Christian apocryphal literature, all of which have helped me tremendously. I thank Karen King too, for helping to shape the questions I ask of texts both ancient and modern, for being a great conversation partner, and for inspiring me - you make your students want to be as smart and talented as you are. I am grateful to those who have read the manuscript at various stages of its life and given me helpful feedback and criticism, especially Stanley Jones, Ellen Aitken, AnneMarie Luijendijk, Laura Beth Bugg, and Catherine Playoust. Much of the writing of this book was made possible by a Graduate Society Dissertation Fellowship at Harvard University. The remainder of the project was completed in the company of several wonderfully supportive colleagues and friends in the Department of Religion at Florida State University, whose kind words of encouragement have meant a great deal to me. I am especially indebted to David Levenson, both for his Preface IX friendship and for his generosity as a colleague. Two FSU graduate students also played essential roles in the production of this book. Jeff Petsis graciously helped with correction of my Latin translations, and Jason Staples worked tirelessly as a fact-checker and indexer. I am grateful to Jörg Frey and Henning Ziebritzki for their interest in the manuscript, and to Jana Trispel at Mohr Siebeck for her corrections and helpful suggestions. Finally, I thank Carol Birnbaum and Matt Day, for reasons they know.

Tallahassee, Florida, April 2006 Nicole Kelley

Table of Contents

Preface vil Table of Contents XI

Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines l Introduction 1 Overview of Pseudo-Clementine Literature 7 The Pseudo-Clementine Narrative 8 The Grundschrift 11 The Homilies 13 The Recognitions 15 History of Scholarship 17 The Dispute with Appion and the Philosophical Source 20 's (or Philippus') Book of the Laws of the Countries 22 Argument and Chapter Outline 27 Theoretical Framework 29 Taking a New Look at the Pseudo-Clementines 34

Chapter 2: Philosophers and the Quest for Philosophical Truth 36 Introduction 36 What Does it Mean to be a Philosopher? 42 Philosophical Training: Clement, Niceta, and Aquila 43 Ornate Speech: The Philosophical Opponents 46 Simple and Brief Speech: and Peter 51 The Quest for Philosophical Truth 57 Providence 59 Creation 69 Judgment 77 Conclusion 80

Chapter 3: Astrologers and the Problem with Astral Determinism 82 Introduction 82 Astrological Expertise and Knowledge 87 The Opponent(s) 88 The Protagonists 90 Astrological Knowledge 94 Arguments for and against Astral Determinism 97 Argument One: Prayer, Worship, and Human Virtue 101 Argument Two: The Sun, Moon, and Stars 104 Argument Three: The Demon Connection 109 XII Table of Contents

Argument Four: Laws and Customs 114 Argument Five: Personal Experience 130 Conclusion 133

Chapter 4: The Followers of the True Prophet 135 Introduction 135 The True Prophet is the Only Source of Certain Knowledge 138 Prophetic Knowledge is Unquestionably True 139 The True Prophet's Knowledge is Unique 140 Prophetic Knowledge is Superior to Other Forms of Knowledge 143 Personal Companionship 147 Peter Was the Disciple of the True Prophet 147 Peter Was Sent by the True Prophet 153 Clement Was a Faithful and Constant Disciple of Peter 158 Faithful Memory 160 Clement Has a Good Memory 161 Peter and Clement Recite and Meditate on the True Prophet's Words 162 Peter Preaches What Jesus Taught 166 Everything in its Right Place 169 Divine Knowledge Has a Proper Order 169 Peter and his Followers Teach in Proper Order 170 James as Authenticator of Prophetic Knowledge 174 Conclusion 178

Chapter 5: The Recognitions and its Fourth-Century Syrian Context 179 Introduction 179 Locating the Recognitions 180 Religious Diversity in Fourth-Century Syria 182 Bardesanites 184 Marcionites 187 Manichees 189 "Arians" 192 Philosophers 194 Pagans 196 Jews and "Judaizing Christians" 197 200 The Recognitions in the Light of Fourth-Century Syria: Four Observations 204 Observation One 204 Observation Two 205 Observation Three 206 Observation Four 207 Apostolic Authority and the Rhetoric of Authenticity in Fourth-Century Syria .208 Conclusion 212

Bibliography 213 Index of Ancient Sources 233 Index of Modern Authors 243 Index of Subjects and Key Terms 246 Chapter 1

Studying the Pseudo-Clementines

Introduction

The historian Adolph von Harnack has said that "the Pseudo-Clementines contribute absolutely nothing to our knowledge of the origin of the Catholic Church and doctrine.'" In his History of Dogma, von Harnack insists that the Pseudo-Clementines - a group of ancient Christian writings falsely attributed to Clement of Rome2 which detail his travels with the apostle Peter, their ongoing disputes with , and Clement's eventual reunion with long-lost members of his family - are interesting only insofar as they contain remnants of earlier traditions about church origins. In von Harnack's estimation these texts do not preserve such ancient traditions about catholic Christianity, and as a result they are

1 Adolph von Harnack, History of Dogma, vol. 1, transi, from the 3rd German edition by Neil Buchanan (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1974) 315. This view is affirmed by John Chapman, " and the Date of Pseudo-Clement," Journal of Theological Studies 3 (1902) 441; and Hans Lietzmann, The Beginnings of the Christian Church, transi. Bertram Lee Woolf (rev. ed.; New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949) 188. Cf. George Howard, "The Pseudo-Clementine Writings and Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew," Studies 40 (1994) 622: "It is doubtful that the Pseudo-Clementines contribute nothing to our knowledge of the origin of the Catholic Church. They have certainly influenced the study of early Jewish Christianity, and this can hardly be separated from the study of early Catholic Christianity." Portions of Chapter 1 appeared in an earlier publication: Nicole Kelley, "Problems of Knowledge and Authority in the Pseudo-Clementine Romance of Recognitions," JECS 13.3 (2005) 315-348. 2 For a discussion of the relation between the "Clement" of the Pseudo-Clementines, Clement the bishop of , and Flavius Clemens, see Bernard Pouderon, "Clément de Rome, Flavius Clemens et le Clément Juif," Studi su Clemente Romano: Atti degli Incontri di Roma, 29 marzo e 22 novembre 2001, ed. Philippe Luisier (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 268; Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 2003) 197-218; idem, "Flavius Clemens et le proto-Clément juif du roman pseudo-clémentin," Apocrypha 1 (1996) 63-79, esp. 66; F. Stanley Jones, "Clement of Rome and the Pseudo-Clementines: History and/or Fiction," Studi su Clemente Romano, 139-61; Meinolf Vielberg, Klemens in den pseudoklementinischen Rekognitionen: Studien zur literarischen Form des spätantiken Romans (TU 145; Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2000); and Georges Ory, "Réflexions sur les écrits clémentins: Qui était Clément?" Cahiers du Cercle Ernest- Renan 32 (1984) 33-38. 2 Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines altogether unremarkable.3 Most authors have disagreed with von Harnack's assessment of the historical value of the traditions preserved in these texts, arguing instead that the Pseudo-Clementines do contain traditions that can be traced to the formative period of the church.4 However, by focusing largely on these older traditions that lie behind the Pseudo-Clementines, they have upheld one of von Harnack's theological presuppositions: these texts are valuable if and only if they are repositories of earlier Christian materials.5 Because they are thought to preserve more ancient sources, these texts have been mined by contemporary scholars who hope to shed light on Christian origins.6 As recently as 2003, for example, F. Lapham introduced his treatment of the Pseudo-Clementines by saying that "the value of such purportedly historical works lies...in their ability to throw into relief the traditions that lie behind their sources."7 As a result of this perspective, the Homilies and Recognitions - the two major works of

3 Von Harnack's argument rests on two observations. The first is doctrinal: Jewish Christianity, defined by its nationalistic and legalistic proclivities, had very little influence on the rest of Christianity, which was universalistic in scope (History of Dogma, 1.289-90). The "immediate sources" of the Pseudo-Clementines reveal "a Jewish Christianity strongly influenced by Catholicism and Hellenism" (1.315). Because of his assumption about the mutual incompatibility of Jewish and catholic Christianity, von Harnack doubts that this kind of accommodating Jewish Christianity exists; he suggests that it may be a "Catholic literary product" (1.314-315). The second is chronological: even if the Pseudo-Clementines may be used "to determine the tendencies and inner history of syncretistic Jewish Christianity" - not catholic Christianity - "[i]t cannot be made out with certainty, how far back the first sources of the Pseudo-Clementines date" (1.315). 4 To give but one example, the Pseudo-Clementines have been studied as part of the search for the historical Jesus; see Leslie L. Kline, The Sayings of Jesus in the Pseudo- Clementine Homilies (SBLDS 14; Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1975). 5 This has been noted as well by Annette Yoshiko Reed, '"Jewish Christianity' after the 'Parting of the Ways,'" in The Ways that Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, ed. Adam H. Becker and Annette Yoshiko Reed (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003) 199-201, 218 n. 91. 6 In particular, they have been used by F. C. Baur and the Tiibingen school as evidence of conflict between two competing doctrinal trajectories in earliest Christianity: Petrine "Jewish" Christianity and Pauline Christianity. The classic formulation of this thesis is F. C. Baur, "Die Christuspartei in der korinthischen Gemeinde, der Gegensatz des petrinischen und paulinischen Christenthums in der ältesten Kirche, der Apostel Petrus in Rom," Tübinger Zeitschrift für Theologie 5 (1831) 61-206. In this context one might also mention the elusive search for the Kerygmata Petrou - thought to be an early source with gnosticizing Jewish-Christian tendencies that was used by the author of the Grundschrift - undertaken by Georg Strecker and others. G. Strecker, Das Judenchristentum in den Pseudoklementinen (TU 70; 2nd ed. rev.; Berlin: Akademie- Verlag, 1981) 92-96. 7 F. Lapham, Peter: The Myth, the Man and the Writings. A Study of Early Petrine Text and Tradition (JSNTSS 239; London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003) 83. Introduction 3

Pseudo-Clementine literature - have often been reduced to textual husks to be discarded in the search for historical or dogmatic kernels of earliest Christianity. The narratives of the Pseudo-Clementine writings have been neglected even when the project of Christian origins is not so clearly at stake. This disregard seems to be a product of what might be termed "the lousy book factor." Richard Pervo says of the Recognitions and its treatment of Paul qua Simon Magus, "This is a smear-piece no less dreadful than it is tedious."8 Pervo's wry comment hints at one frequent criticism of the Recognitions: it seems to be poorly edited, a series of juxtaposed and inadequately integrated sources rather than a coherent narrative. M. J. Edwards makes a typical assessment of the author's editorial prowess: "The editor of the Recognitions (one whom it would be equally uncritical and unkind to style the author) convicts himself of incompetence when he recapitulates a series of homilies as though they occurred in the novel, though in fact he has retailed the plan and content of a rather different work (3.85 [sic])."9 To be sure, many ancient novels have been criticized repeatedly, in antiquity and in modern scholarship, for their stylistic and literary faults. For example, Brigitte Egger has noted the frosty reception of the ancient novel in general and Chariton's Callirhoe in particular: "Scholarly opinions of the genre as a whole have tended to be low since nineteenth- century philologists dismissed it as popular and trivial, and Callirhoe was seen as a simple book aimed at 'the poor in spirit'."10 Other works are held in even less esteem. David Konstan notes that Xenophon of Ephesus' Ephesian Tale is "universally regarded as the worst of the lot."11 But the Recognitions arguably stands out even in such illustrious company, because it is long, boring, repetitive, and full of chronological and theological difficulties. To give an example of a chronological

8 Richard I. Pervo, "The Ancient Novel Becomes Christian," in G. Schmeling, ed., The Novel in the Ancient World (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996) 707. 9 M. J. Edwards, "The Clementina". A Christian Response to the Pagan Novel," Classical Quarterly 42 (1992) 461. Edwards, who is not particularly interested in the traditions behind the Recognitions or the text's relationship to the larger Pseudo- Clementine corpus, seems to misunderstand the function of the "table of contents" given in Rec 3.75.1-12. 10 Brigitte Egger, "Looking at Chariton's Callirhoe," in Greek Fiction: The Greek Novel in Context, ed. J. R. Morgan and Richard Stoneman (London and New York: Routledge, 1994) 31, quoting B. E. Perry, The Ancient Romances (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California, 1967) 177. 11 David Konstan, "Xenophon of Ephesus: Eros and narrative in the novel," in Greek Fiction: The Greek Novel in Context, 49. 4 Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines inconsistency, Rec 1.27-71,12 which has been identified as the Anabathmoi Jakobou mentioned by Epiphanius in Haer. 30.16,13 contains a chronology that differs from the rest of the Recognitions. Rec 1.7.3 leads the reader to believe that Jesus is still alive when Clement arrives in Caesarea, but Rec 1.43.3 says that seven years have already passed since Jesus' death.14 This same source also makes it difficult to reconstruct the Recognitions' position on astrological knowledge. Rec 1.32.3 indicates that astrology led Abraham to knowledge of God,15 but Rec 9.17ff (which itself belongs to another source layer) is an extended discourse against the possibility of astrological knowledge. At points like these, the Recognitions' willingness to place different sources side by side,16 with seemingly little concern for the chronological and theological contradictions created in the process, suggests its author's lack of interest in the editorial process. This would seem to confirm Stanley Jones' observation that "R [the author of the Recognitions] is generally viewed as a redactor whose tendency can be broadly determined but whose system of thought does not merit extensive discussion."17 On this reading, the Recognitions is hardly a book at all, but merely a vessel for the sources it contains. Critiques of the Pseudo-Clementines' editorial finesse are also criticisms of their originality. These charges of unoriginality begin not

12 There has been a great deal of debate on the extent of this source and its precise identification, but there exists little doubt that this section of the Recognitions comes from a separate source. On this question see Robert E. van Voorst, The Ascents of James: History and Theology of a Jewish-Christian Community (SBLDS 112; Atlanta: Scholars, 1989) 1-46. 13 The Recognitions uses this source by virtue of its inclusion in the Grundschrift. While van Voorst supports the identification of Rec 1.33-71 with the Anabathmoi Jakobou (van Voorst, Ascents of James, 43-46), Stanley Jones argues against this connection (F. S. Jones, An Ancient Jewish Christian Source on the : Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions ¡.27-71 [Atlanta: Scholars, 1995], 146- 48). 14 F. S. Jones, "The Pseudo-Clementines: A History of Research Part I," The Second Century 2 (1982) 24 n. 177. As Jones notes, this chronological inconsistency was first observed by G. Uhlhorn, Die Homilien und Recognitionen des Clemens Romanus nach ihrem Ursprung und Inhalt dargestellt (Gottingen: Dieterische Buchhandlung, 1854) 314-315. 15 This was a common trope in ancient literature, probably owing to the mention of Abraham's Chaldaean heritage in Genesis 11.27. On this see J. L. Kugel, Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible As It Was at the Start of the Common Era (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998) 249-51. 16 Although in many cases the Grundschrift originally combined the various sources in question, there are also a number of instances (e.g. the two astrology passages just listed) where the Recognitions appears to be responsible for the juxtaposition. 17 F. Stanley Jones, "The Pseudo-Clementines: A History of Research Part II," The Second Century 2 (1982) 77. Introduction 5 with the Recognitions, but with the Grundschrift, the hypothetical common source for the Recognitions and the Homilies.18 Bernhard Rehm, Hans Joachim Schoeps, and Georg Strecker each have argued that the author of the Grundschrift was not really an author, but a compiler who contributed almost nothing original. In Rehm's words, "Die Grundschrift ist nur zum geringsten Teil ein originales Werk.'"9 Rehm goes on to show that virtually all of the Grundschrift's ideas may be traced to other sources. This criticism of the Grundschrift' s originality applies to the Homilies and Recognitions as well, since these extant texts seem to be little more than tendentious copies of their predecessor. Because none of these authors added much that was new, source criticism does not really ignore the narratives by looking behind the texts - after all, the narratives themselves have nothing to offer but a mishmash of sources. In this model, source criticism produces most of (if not all) the information anyone could want to know about the Pseudo-Clementines, and is consequently more worthwhile than other modes of analysis.20 These criticisms might lead one to wonder if the Pseudo-Clementines are worth reading, or if they contribute anything new to our knowledge of the ancient world. To my way of thinking, however, such criticisms of the Pseudo-Clementines' editing and originality have never addressed one of the fundamental questions they raise: Why would anyone go to the trouble of creating a text that included all of these sources in the first place?21 Why

18 The Grundschrift is much like Q in the Two-Source Hypothesis of the New Testament Synoptic Problem. 19 B. Rehm, "Zur Entstehung der pseudoclementinischen Schriften," Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 37 (1938) 157. See also H. J. Schoeps, Theologie und Geschichte des Judenchristentums (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1949) 38- 42; and Strecker, Judenchristentum, 256, 259. 20 A quick read of Stanley Jones' important review of the history of Pseudo- Clementine scholarship suggests that this view has prevailed throughout much of the history of scholarship on the Pseudo-Clementines; virtually all of the discussion centers around source critical issues. 21 As Kate Cooper notes, although "the literary art of the Recognitions is by no means breath-taking," it remains important to understand how the Recognitions uses sources and generic conventions in support of its apologetic agenda. Kate Cooper, "Matthidia's Wish: Division, Reunion, and the Early Christian Family in the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions," in Narrativity in Biblical and Related Texts/La narativité dans la Bible et les texts apparentés, ed. G. J. Brooke and J.-D. Kaestli (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2000) 244-45. Indeed, as is the case with other areas of research, this shift toward redaction-critical and narrative-critical studies of the Pseudo-Clementines is characteristic of more recent scholarship; see e.g. Reed, '"Jewish Christianity,"' 203; Frédéric Amsler, "Les Reconnaissances du Pseudo-Clément comme catéchèse romanesque," in La Bible en récits: l'exégèse biblique à l'heure du lecteur, ed. D. Marguerat (Geneva: Labor et Fides, 2003) 443; Dominique Côté, Le thème de l'opposition entre Pierre et Simon dans les Pseudo-Clémentines (Etudes Augustiniennes, 6 Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines produce and reproduce a text in which practically every idea is derivative, either because it has been adopted from another specific source or because it is a commonplace in ancient thought? More specifically, why would someone be interested in placing a philosophical treatise alongside an astrological one, and why should these two sets of material belong with a story about Jesus and the apostles or a romance of recognitions? Might such juxtapositions reveal something about the Pseudo-Clementines' socio-historical and theological context? This book seeks to answer precisely these kinds of questions. It would be impossible, however, to ask these questions of the entire Pseudo-Clementine corpus in a single study. I have chosen to focus on the Recognitions rather than the Homilies or the Grundschrift for three main reasons.22 First, the Recognitions generally has been given less attention than its sister text, probably because it lacks the very qualities that have made the Homilies interesting (specifically, its preoccupation with Arianism as well as its "Jewish Christian" elements, which define correct religious belief and practice in the language of late antique, possibly rabbinic,23 Judaism). This makes the Recognitions an ideal prospect for a new study. Second, the Recognitions (more so than the Homilies) places special emphasis on the romance of recognitions and the astrological materials, which I regard as intimately connected with its larger epistemological concerns. This emphasis allows me to make a stronger case for the sources' integral connection to the author's main ideas about knowledge. Third, the Recognitions'' interest in establishing and maintaining a particular vision of orthodoxy24 allows me to connect my

Série Antiquités 167; Paris: Institut d'Études Augustiniennes, 2001) 3; idem, "La fonction littéraire de Simon le Magicien dans les Pseudo-Clémentines," Laval théologique et philosophique 57 (2001) 513-23; and William Robins, "Romance and Renunciation at the Turn of the Fifth Century," JECS 8 (2000) 531-57. 22 My treatment of the Homilies is in most cases limited to citations of parallels it shares with the Recognitions. 23 On this see Albert Baumgarten, "Literary Evidence for Jewish Christianity in the Galilee," in The Galilee in Late Antiquity, ed. L. Levine (New York, 1992) 41-47. 24 For example, the Recognitions eliminates many of the Jewish Christian and anti- Pauline elements of the Grundschrift, even though these have been preserved to some degree; it downplays the syzygy principle and the doctrine of false pericopes. See F. J. A. Hort, Notes Introductory to the Study of the Clementine Recognitions: A Course of Lectures (London and New York: Macmillan, 1901) 120; G. Strecker, "The Pseudo- Clementines: Introduction," in , Volume Two: Writings Related to the Apostles; Apocalypses and Related Subjects, rev. ed., ed. E. Hennecke and W. Schneemelcher and trans. R. McL. Wilson (Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1989) 485; and Rehm, "Zur Entstehung," 161-63. I use the term "orthodoxy" advisedly here: my intention is not to suggest that one set of beliefs was universally accepted by fourth- century Christians, but rather to indicate that many Christians of this era - whatever specific set of beliefs they may have held - were interested in the project of constructing Overview of Pseudo-Clementine Literature 7 argument about knowledge to the text's claims about its own authority. By arguing that the author of the Recognitions uses diverse materials in the service of a coherent narrative agenda about knowledge and authority, I hope to use the Recognitions as a case in point to demonstrate why the Pseudo-Clementines should no longer be neglected, but rather should be considered as a valuable resource for the study of ancient Christianity. In order to begin this process of looking at the narrative of the Recognitions in its own right, we must first become more familiar with the entire corpus of Pseudo-Clementine literature.

Overview of Pseudo-Clementine Literature

The Pseudo-Clementines consist primarily of two lengthy works of approximately the same size: the Recognitions, which is divided into ten books, and the Homilies, which consists of twenty "sermons." Both works claim to be written by Clement of Rome, and include first-person accounts of his conversion, his adventures with Peter, and his separation and eventual reunion with long-lost members of his family. The subplot of Clement losing and later finding his family members belongs to a specific genre known as the romance of recognitions, of which the Pseudo- Clementines are the first extant Christian example.25 The title of the Recognitions reflects this generic categorization, while the Homilies are so called because they consist mainly of addresses given by Peter. In addition to the Recognitions and the Homilies, there are two epistles that claim to be written by Peter and Clement, both addressed to James. These are called the Epistula Petri and the Epistula Clementis, respectively. At the end of the Epistula Petri there is a brief appendix,

an orthodoxy. This desire to bring ideas, texts and the like in line with beliefs perceived to be correct is clearly behind the Recognitionist's appropriation and modification of its predecessor the Grundschrift. 25 F. Stanley Jones, "Clementines, Pseudo-," The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992) 1.1061. There has been extensive scholarly discussion of the relationship between the romance of recognitions and the pagan novel. See e.g. Wilhelm Bousset, "Die Wiedererkennungs-Fabel in den pseudoklementinischen Schriften, den Menächmen des Plautus und Shakespeares Komödie der Irrungen," Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 5 (1904) 21; Hans Waitz, Die Pseudoklementinen Homilien und Rekognitionen: Eine Quellenkritische Untersuchung (TU 10.4; Leipzig: J. Hinrichs, 1904) 250-51; Werner Heintze, Der Klemensroman und seine griechischen Quellen (TU 40.2; Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1914) 114-38; cf. Erwin Rohde, Der griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer (5th ed.; Hildesheim and New York: Georg Olms, 1974) 507, and Karl Kerenyi, Die griechisch-orientalische Romanliteratur in religionsgeschichtlicher Beleuchtung: Ein Versuch mit Nachbetrachtungen (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1962) 77. 8 Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines usually called the Contestatio, in which James instructs his hearers about the transmission of the books of Peter's preaching. In the manuscript tradition the letters typically are attached to the beginning of the Homilies. There is also a translator's preface to the Latin edition of the Recognitions that was written by Rufinus of Aquileia.

The Pseudo-Clementine Narrative Before we examine the Pseudo-Clementine texts' individual tendencies and characteristics, we need to take a closer look at the narrative outline they all share.26 The Recognitions, which presents itself as an autobiographical account written by Clement and addressed to James, begins with Clement's recollection of his concerns about philosophical and religious problems during his boyhood in Rome.27 He continues to be vexed because philosophical reasoning provides no definitive answers to his questions, until one day he hears rumors that a Judean is preaching the kingdom of the invisible God and promising eternal life to his disciples. This rumor is confirmed when Barnabas preaches in Rome, where he is inhospitably received by the populace and finds refuge with Clement. Barnabas returns to for a feast; Clement is detained momentarily but soon follows Barnabas and is introduced to Peter. Peter teaches Clement about the True Prophet, who will bring an end to all the uncertainty troubling Clement. The narrative then says that Clement wrote down Peter's teaching and sent the book to James. Peter and Simon, a magician from Samaria, are scheduled to dispute with one another soon after Clement arrives in Judea, but Simon postpones the debate. This allows Peter an opportunity to tell Clement about God's actions from the beginning of the world until the present day. Peter's account includes a story about a disputation on the temple steps between the apostles and members of various Jewish groups (priests, Sadducees, , scribes and Pharisees, and disciples of ). The apostles are just about to prevail when the disputation is interrupted by a ruckus - the instigator is unnamed but obviously Saul/Paul - during which James is thrown down the temple steps and the crowd is dispersed. The disciples flee to Jericho, and the nameless enemy goes to Damascus in pursuit of

26 In choosing which materials to include here, I consulted the summaries of C. Bigg, "The Clementine Homilies," in Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastical Essays Chiefly in Biblical and Patristic Criticism (Oxford: Clarendon, 1890) 2.158-60; G. Salmon, "Clementine Literature," in A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, and Doctrines (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1877) 568-70; and J. A. Fitzmyer, "The Qumran Scrolls, the and their Literature," Theological Studies 16 (1955) 346. 27 Clement's search for knowledge is, of course, one example of a common literary trope. See e.g. , dial. 1-8; Plutarch, Moralia 410a-b, 421a-b; Josephus, BJ 2.8.14; AJ 13.5.9; 18.1.3; Lucian, Pise. 11-12; Philostratus, VA 1.7; 6.11. Overview of Pseudo-Clementine Literature 9

Peter and intent on causing havoc. In Jericho, James is informed by that Simon is causing trouble at Caesarea. James then sends Peter to Caesarea to refute Simon, and Peter is instructed by James to report his activities every year. The Recognitions then introduces two disciples of Peter, Niceta and Aquila, who are former associates of Simon. They tell Peter about Simon's activities and magical powers, noting that Simon believed his powers to have come from the soul of a murdered boy whose image was preserved in Simon's bedroom.28 Peter then begins a three-day-long dispute with Simon that centers around problems of theodicy - namely, does the presence of evil in the world necessitate belief in a God different than the Creator? - and the question of the soul's immortality. Peter, knowing the skeletons in Simon's closet, offers to settle the debate by interrogating the soul of the murdered boy. Simon realizes his secret is out and humbles himself, but recants when he learns that Peter came by this knowledge through his associates rather than through prophetic ability. By this time the audience is indignant and Simon is driven away; Simon explains to his followers that he must leave because divine honors await him in Rome. Peter decides to follow Simon among the gentiles in order to expose his corruption. He sets out for Tripolis (the center of Simon's activity) after remaining in Caesarea for three months, having worked to further establish the church and having ordained Zacchaeus as its bishop. At this point the narrative says that Clement sent to James an account of Peter's discourses in ten books, giving a brief summary of each of these books. When Peter arrives in Tripolis, he learns that Simon has again evaded him by fleeing to Syria. Peter then takes the opportunity to instruct the folks in Tripolis. These discourses, which contain a lengthy polemic against , continue over the course of the next three books of the Recognitions. Book six ends with the baptism of Clement and the ordination of a bishop at Tripolis. Peter leaves for after these events, having spent three months in Tripolis. Book seven begins the story of Clement's "recognition" of his family. Through a series of miraculous incidents, Clement is reunited with his mother and brothers. In books eight and nine Peter, Clement, Niceta and Aquila (the latter two turn out to be Clement's long-lost brothers) are involved in a disputation against one Faustinianus, who says that prayer is useless, that God and providence do not exist, and that everything is governed by astrological fate. Together with his brothers, Clement argues on behalf of providence and discusses the evidence for astrology. As a rejoinder, the man tells the story of his astrologically-determined and

28 This may be compared to Lycomedes' portrait of John in A. Jo. 26. I am grateful to François Bovon for bringing this to my attention. 10 Chapter 1: Studying the Pseudo-Clementines tragic separation from his entire family. Peter then recognizes this story as the same sad tale mentioned by Clement's family, and is able to simultaneously reunite Clement's father with his family and win the dispute by showing the complete falsification of Faustinianus' astrological prediction. Book ten contains discourses that are designed to bring about Faustinianus' conversion to Christianity. At this point in the story, Simon comes back into the picture. While in Antioch, he succeeds in performing wondrous deeds and stirring up the people's hatred of Peter. One of Peter's friends, however, has devised a plan to get rid of Simon. This friend tells to say that Cornelius had been sent by the emperor to destroy Simon and other sorcerers in the area. A Christian spy, pretending to be Simon's friend, informs Simon of this development. Simon retreats to Laodicea, where he meets Faustinianus, who had come to visit their mutual friends Appion and Anubion. The devious Simon then uses his magical powers to make Faustinianus look just like him, so that the sorcerer-hunter might arrest Faustinianus instead of Simon himself. Peter uses this device to his advantage, however, by sending Faustinianus qua Simon to Antioch, where he pretends to be Simon and makes a public confession of both his own imposture and the divine inspiration of Peter's mission. When the real Simon arrives back in Antioch and desires an audience, he's driven away in disgrace. The Recognitions ends with Peter being received honorably in Antioch and baptizing Faustinianus. The Homilies tells largely the same story, with a few major differences. Here Clement meets Barnabas in instead of Rome.29 Peter's initial instructions to Clement are different, as is Peter's disputation with Simon at Caesarea, because both include an almost Marcionite outlook on the corruption of scripture. Peter, anticipating the scriptural problems Simon is likely to address in the debate, teaches to Clement a secret doctrine that should not be discussed in public. Peter tells Clement that Simon will probably bring forward texts that seem to speak of many gods, or indicate that God is imperfect and mutable, or accuse the patriarchs of sinning. While it would be unwise to publicly question the authority of these passages, Peter tells Clement the secret truth: these scriptures have been corrupted. Every text that speaks against God or questions the righteousness of the patriarchs is to be rejected as a spurious addition. Though this doctrine is initially presented as esoteric, Peter goes on to repeat it in the public disputation with Simon that follows his instructions to Clement.

29 For a discussion of this geographical discrepancy see Jones, "Clement of Rome and the Pseudo-Clementines," 146-47 n. 16, 148. Index of Ancient Sources

1. Old Testament

Genesis Deuteronomy I.lff 70 13.1 138 II.27 4 13.1-3 112

2. New Testament

Matthew 2 Acts 6.5-6 79 1.21-22 149 4.10 157 4.13 51 16.17-19 181 11.19 181 28.19-20 154 14.14 149 14.4 149 Luke 157 Galatians John 1.11-12 149 7.15 51 2 181 2.11 181

3. Jewish Pseudepigrapha, , Josephus, and Rabbinical Writings

Jubilees BJ 12.17-18 95 2.8.14

Josephus Genesis Rabba AJ 39.1 1.154-57 95 13.5.9 8,58 Philo 18.1.3 8, 58 de Abr. 69-71 234 Bibliography de Dec. Sibylline Oracles 74 157 3.218-28 95

4. Pseudo-Clementines

Pseudo-Clementines Recognitions 1 98 1.36.1-1.39.3 207 1.1.4-5 69 1.36-39 203 1.2.3 58 1.38.3 61 1.3.1 43,58 1.41.1 61 1.3.1,3 46 1.43.3 4, 175 1.3.1-5 145 1.44.1 175 1.7.14 53, 54 1.44.5 141 1.7.3 4, 158 1.60.5 156 1.9.7 47 1.62.2-7 52 1.12.6-7 158 1.63.1 52 1.14.5 56 1.64.1-2 207 1.16.1-2 140 1.66.1 175 1.16.2 160 1.66.5 175 1.16.2-4 145 1.68.2 175 1.17.2 160 1.72.5-6, 7 176 1.17.2-3 176 2.1.6 162 1.17.6 159 2.2.5 159 1.17.7 47, 54, 55 2.5.4 39 1.18.2 159 2.6.8 61 1.18.5 145 2.7.1 39 1.21.4 61 2.7.1-2 145 1.22.4 163 2.8.3 145 1.22.6 162 2.28.1 167 1.23.2 163 2.33.3-5 154, 162, 1.23.3 162 2.33.6-8 155 1.23.5-6 172 2.34.6 166 1.25.10 162 2.36.4-5 56 1.25.2 51, 173 2.45.7 138 1.25.4-5 56 2.45.7-8 112 1.26.1-2 161 2.51.5 140 1.26.3 70 2.55.1 150 1.26.3,5 163 2.67.2 55 1.27-71 4,21,70, 96, 3.2-11 17, 205 175, 177, 180, 203 3.16.7 172 1.28.1-2 95 3.18.2 172 1.29.4 60 3.18.3 151 1.32.3 4, 60, 95, 105 3.31.1 159 1.33-71 151 3.32.2 159 1.34.4 138 3.32.4 171 4. Pseudo-Clementines 235

3.34.1 171 8.1.4 88 3.34.2-3 169 8.2.2 88, 118, 130 3.34.4 170, 172 8.2.2-3 98 3.36.1 170 8.2.5 130 3.36.4 170 8.4.6 99 3.39.3 172 8.5.4 45, 52 3.41.4 153 8.6.6-7 71 3.41.6 167 8.7.5 71 3.51.5 170 8.7.5-6 44 3.68.1 156 8.7.6 43 3.68.5 159 8.8.1 90 3.68.6 156 8.9.1 72 3.74.4 164, 177 8.9.1-8.34.8 20 3.75.11 177 8.9.3 72 3.75.1-12 177 8.9-35 22 4 98 8.10.1-2 72 4.4.4 173 8.10.3 72 4.8.1 66 8.10-20 20 4.10.1 60 8.11.1 73 4.10.3 60 8.11.4 73 4.11.2 60 8.11-12, 20-33 21 4.11.5 60 8.12.1 73 4.21.4-5 112 8.12.2-3 101 4.21.5 146 8.13.1 74 4.27.2-4 109 8.14.1-2 74 4.29.3 110 8.15.1-4 74 4.35.1-2 175 8.15.1-5 74 4.35.2-3 156 8.15.5 75 4.35.5 157 8.16.5 75 4.36.1 157 8.17.1 75 5 98 8.19.6 75 5.4.4 142, 144 8.20.1 76 5.4.4-5.5.3 141 8.20.1-2 76 5.5.3 142, 145 8.20.2 48, 189 5.9.3^1 152 8.20.8 105 5.10.1-2 152 8.22.1^1 76 5.10.3 139 8.22.2,4 106 5.12.1 61 8.22.4 90 5.16.4-5 104 8.23.1-7 76 5.20.2 110 8.24.1-4 76 5.29.2 105 8.25.1-6 76 5.36.1 150 8.26.1-7 76 6.7.6 105 8.27.1 67 7.3.1 62 8.27.1-5 76 7.7.6 62 8.28.1-8.32.4 76 132.2-4 44 8.34.5 76 7.38.4-5, 7 132 8.34.5-6 67 8 48,60,71 8.37.3 167 236 Index of Ancient Sources

8.40.6-8 99 9.20.3 121 8.45.1-2,4 108 9.20.4 122 8.46.2 108 9.21.1 121 8.47.1 92 9.21.2 122 8.47.1-3 78 9.22.1-3 122 8.47.2 92 9.22.2 122 8.52.2 108 9.22.3 123 8.53.1,3 68 9.23.1-5 123 8.57.1 92 9.24.1-5 123 8.57.1-2 99 9.24.2-3 123 8.57.2 131 9.24.3 123 8.57.4 92 9.24.5 123, 124 8.57.5 91 9.25.6-8 124 8.58.1 90 9.25.8 23, 84, 124 8.60.1^4,6 139 9.26.1 93 8.61.1 54 9.26.1-2 125 8.61.1,4-6 47 9.26.3^1 126 8.61.2 54, 56 9.27.1-7 127 8.61.3 140 9.27.4-7 127 9 94, 98, 206 9.27.7 128 9.1.4-5 142 9.28.1-9.29.2 127 9.1.6 143 9.29.2 127, 128 9.2.1 89 9.30.1 128 9.7.1-6 83, 84, 192 9.30.2, 5 128 9.7.2 65 9.31.1 129 9.7.4 132 9.31.4 129 9.8.1 93 9.32 131 9.8.5 111 9.32.3 131 9.12.1 113 9.32.5 83, 131 9.12.1-2 111, 112, 146 9.32.6 131 9.12.3 113 9.33.3 103 9.15.6-7 107 9.34.3 131 9.16.4—5 89 9.34.4 131 9:17ff 4 9.34.6 132 9.17.1 120 9.34-37 132 9.17.1—4 89, 120 9.35.1-9.36.9 132 9.17.2 120 9.37.1-4 132 9.17.4 122 10 21,22,48, 98, 9.18.2 90,91 10.6.4 44 9.18.2-3 117 10.7 91 9.19.1 119 10.9 91 9.19.1-5 120 10.9.1 91,94 9.19.4 119 10.9.4 92 9.19.5 119 10.9.6 92 9.19-28 20 10.14.4 167 9.19-29 114, 116, 118, 10.17.1-10.51.6 20 125 10.17ff 22 9.16.4-9.18 89 10.30.1-2 43 4. Pseudo-Clementines 237

10.35.2 66 10.48.1^1 78 10.39.1-2 66 10.50.1 79 10.39.5 67 10.50.2-3 79, 144 10.47.4-5 78 10.52.4 62

Homilies 1.1.1-1.4.7 43 4.12.3^1 103 1.1.2-1.4.7 58 4.13.1-2 103 1.1.4-5 69 4.7.1-6.25.2 20 1.10.1-2 53 4-6 48 1.10.5-6 167 5 79 1.11.3-7 47 5.10.3 46 1.11.4 54 8.9.1 66 1.17.1-4 58 9.4.1-9.5.2 110 1.19.1-4 141 10 14 1.19.2^1 54 10.1-26 14 1.20.2-7 177 10.9.5 106 1.20.7 54 10.16.1-2 111 1.21.1-2 162 11 14 1.21.5-6 146 11.1-36 14 1.26.3 70 11.6.3 111 1.27.1-1.28.4 70 11.10.2-3 105 1.3.1 —4 46 11.19.2 144 1.7.2 158 11.23.2 105 1.9.2 53 11.35.4 175 2.10.1-3 145 12 14 2.12.1-2 141 12.1-24 14 2.36.1-2 61 12.3.1 62 2.4.3 141 12.4.1 159 2.5.2-3 141 12.7.1 151 2.6.1—4 145 12.7.6 62 2.6.4 145 13 14 2.6.8 61 13.1-21 14 2.7.1^1 144 13.7.4 44 2.8.2 141 13.13.2-13.14.3 132 2.41.4 171 14.1-12 14 3.11.1 141 14.2.3 88 3.11.1-3 140 14.3.2 88 3.13.1 140 14.3.3 98 3.14.1-2 140 14.3.3^1 100 3.14.2 170 14.3-7, 11 114, 121 3.15.1 140 14.4.4-5 101 3.29.5 151 14.5.2-3 91,94 3.33.2 106 14.5.6 101 3.35.1-2 106 14.6.1-14.7.7 100 3.41.2 172 14.11.2 90 3.54.1 141 14.11.4 112 4.12.1-4 111 15.4.1-6 132 238 Index of Ancient Sources

16.1.3 172 19.23.5 23, 83, 84, 16.3.2 172 19.24.1-2 28 16.13.2-4 138 19.7.1 140 17 135, 150 20.1.1 159 17.13.1 135 20.4.2-3 79 17.19.4 151 20.11.3 90 17.19.4 157 20.11.4 62 18.19.1 79 20.12.1 159 19.23.1-5 66 20.21.1 90

5. Other Early Christian Writings

Aberkios Augustine Vita 187 Confessiones 4.3.4 101 Acts of John 4.3.5 86 26 7.6.8 86

Adamantius De Diversis Quaestionibus De Recta Fide in Deum 187 83, Qu. 45.2 92

Ambrosiaster De Civitate Dei in ep. ad Tim. ii. 5.1 101,102 3.6-7.2 190 De Genesi ad Litteram Ambrosiaster 2.17 102 Qu 115.41 102 Qu 115.59 101 Enarratio in Ps.40.6 453.24-27 103 Aphrahat On Fasting Enarratio in Ps. 61.23 9 204 792.6-13 103

Apostolic Constitutions Enarratio in Ps. 140.9 7.46 210 2032.1-2,6-9, 15-19 103

Arnobius of Sicca Epist. Adv. nationes 116.16.1 157 2.10 46 Basil the Great Athenagoras Homiliae in Hexaemeron leg. 1.2 74 7 144 6.5 91 11 53 6.5 106

Book of Elchasai 191 5. Other Early Christian Writings 239

Book of the Laws of the Countries Panarion 11, 13, 19, 22, 23,24, 25, 82, 84,91, 19.3.6 157,207 94, 107, 114, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 30.16.5 157, 207 125, 127, 128, 131, 184, 187, 192, 207 30.16.7 157 570 192 56 187 559.11-563.1 115 66.42.2 190 583.5-611.8 115 66.42.2 190 595.7ff. 123 69 190 598 84 598.9ff 124 Ephrem 600.5ff 125 Second Discourse to Hypatius 600.1 Off 127 192 603 128 Third Discourse to Hypatius Clement of Alexandria 188 exc. Thdot. 74 132 Hymns contra Haereses 78.1 83 48 188 5.14, 19 196 Codex Theodosianus 8 196 9.16.4 86 9.8 196 9.16.6 86 9.16.12 86 Hymns against Julian 16.8.1 198 4.8 203 16.8.5 198 16.8.6 198 Hymns on Faith 193, 195 16.9.2 198 16.9.1 198 Hymns on Unleavened Bread 199 Cyril of Jerusalem catech. Prose Refutations 4.18 101 32-40 185

Diodorus of Tarsus On Fate Hist. Eccl. 51 115 3.36.2,22 181 3.38.5 20 Doctrina Addai 181,186,190, 4.30 23,83,187 191, 196, 197, 205,206,210 Praep. Evang. Epiphanius 6.9-10 23 Haer. 6.9.32 83 30.16 4 6.9.32-6.10.48 114

Kephalaia 48 192 Poemata Arcana 69 192 5.45^6 92 240 Index of Ancient Sources

Gregory the Great Sermo 10 106 Book of Mysteries 191

Hieronymus Martyrdom of Barsamya Adv. Jov. 210,211 2.14 187 Methodius Olympius symp. De Viris illustribus 13-16 84 33 115 Minucius Felix Hippolytus Octavius haer. 16 53 4.1-12 84 4.3.5^.5.3 106 Odes of Solomon 190 5.15.6 126 3.6 187

Philosophoumena Origen 6.35 187 Contra Celsum 1.9 42 Ref. 1.10 45 7.31.1 187 1.19 76 1.48 141 1.62 52 Epist. 3.38 66 112.13 157 4.49ff. 71 4.99 72, 79 in Hier. 8.62 157 3, 14-16 157 Homily on Luke 181 John Chrysostom 195, 197, 199, 200, 206 Philocalia Adversus Judaeos 198 23.1 101 1.1 199 23.2 102 23.17-18 92 Horn, in Mt 192 Rufinus Horn, in 1 Tim Expos. Symb. 1.4 102 37 157

Justin Seven Books against the Heathen dial. 7.10 84 1-8 2 58 42 Hist. eccl. 3.16 187 2 apol. 5-6 42 Tatian 109 6. Classical and Other Ancient Writings orat. of Cyrrhus 8-11 84, 109 Haeretic. Fab. Comp. 8.1 132 1.22 115, 187

Tertullian Historia Ecclesia Apology 5.31 188 1.11 103 Theodosius I De Idololatria Cunctos Populos 193 9 84 Theophilus of Antioch De Praescrip. Haer. Autol. 32 210 1.6106 I.8151 II.35 53

6. Classical and Other Ancient Writings

Aelius Theon Prog. Diogenes Laertius 12 64 Lives of the Philosophers 4.18 77 Apuleius Metamorphoses Dissoi Logoi 11.15 64 8.1 57 8.13 57 Chariton Firmicus Maternus Callirhoe 3 Mathesis 1.2.5 103 Cicero 1.3.4 117 De natura deorum 1.3.8 117 2.17, 19 21 1.6.1-2 104 75-150 21 1.8.2-3 124 Div. 2.11.3-9 126 2.44 106 2.13.6 119 2.30.1 86 Claudius Ptolemaeus 2.30.2 86 Tetrabiblos 2.30.4 98 1.5 119 3.6.21-22 120 2.1 89 6.24.2 119 3 97 Hermogenes Damaskios Prog. Isid. 11 64 17 78 242 Index of Ancient Sources

Hipparchus Phaedo Commentary on Aratus 89dl-90c7 49 126 Phaedrus Homer 267a6-b9 49 Odyssey 8.266-366 120 Protagoras. 310b 159 Julian 329b1-5 57 CGa 334e4-335a3 57 49a-66a 202 89a 202 Sph. 94a 202 253e 74 96ce 202 116a 202 Timaeus 131b 202 31b 188 138b 202 143b 202 Pliny the Elder HN Lucian 2.68.173 122 Pise. 6.33 126 11-12 , 58 Plutarch Manilius Moralia Astronomica 410a-b 8, 58 1,40ff 86 421a-b 8, 58

Philostratus VA Abst. 1.7 , 58 2.42 157 3.34 70 6.11 , 58 Quintilian 6.22 70 Inst. 3.5.6 64 5.7.35 64 Euthydemus 7.2.2 64 272a7-bl 49 Strabo Gorgias 2.23 122 449bl0-c3 57 2.5.34 126 449dl-4 57 449c4-6 57 Tacitus 461d6-462a2 57 Ann. 2.32 98 12.52 98 Index of Modem Authors

Adamik, T. 37 Brown, S.K. 8, 174 Adler, W. 19, 25 Calvet-Sébasti, M. 103 Aland, B. 191 Cambe, M. 13 Aletti, J. 149 Carroll, K.L. 174 Alexander, L. 38, 49, 138, 172, 184, 190, Cerfaux, L. 12, 138 193 Chadwick, H. 42, 45, 157, 195, 209 Amand, D. 59, 101, 109, 116 Chapman, J. 1, 15, 18 Amsler, F. 5, 151, 152 Chilton, B. 149, 154 Attridge, H.W. 59, 181,201 Choi, M. 110 Bammel, E. 17 Cirillo, L. 22, 36, 37, 98, 143, 147 Bardy, G. 38 Clarke, G.W. 64 Barrett, C.K. 149 Clavier, H. 175 Barsoum, I.A. 211 Conzelmann, H. 26 Barton, S. 180 Cooper, K. 5, 103 Bauer, W. 12, 182, 188,209 Coté, D. 5, 25, 27, 36, 38, 39, 136, 179, Baur, F.C. 2, 14,36, 135, 148, 150 204 Beck, E. 182, 183, 193 Courcelle, P. 38 Berner, U. 70 Cramer, F.H. 86, 98 Bett, R. 49 Crouzel, H. 141 Beyschlag, K. 37 Culianu, I.P. 119 Bezold, C. 86 Cullmann, O. 11, 15, 17,21,25, 153, 174, Bigg, C. 8, 14, 15 181 Birdsall, J.N. 15 Cumont, F. 85, 86, 87, 106 Bohman, J. 30 Cureton, W. 181, 187, 196,210,211 Boll, F. 24, 86, 101, 116, 126 Daniélou, J. 175,208 Borakamm, G. 26, Denzey, N. 64, 84, 118, 126, 132, 184, Bouché-Leclercq, A. 86, 98, 106, 107, 185, 186 119, 120, 127 Dibelius, M, 26 Bourdieu, P. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, Diels, H. 57 45, 68, 77, 85, 88, 96, 136, 137, 142, Dihle, A. 111 143, 168, 184 Dodds, E.R. 57 Bousset, W. 7, 63 Downey, G. 181,205,209 Boyarin, D. 194 Drijvers, H.J.W, 12, 13, 22, 23,40, 82, Bram, J.R. 91, 98, 119, 120, 122, 124, 83, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 126, 127 128, 138, 167, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, Bremmer, J.N. 20, 37, 90, 180, 181 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 196, 197, Brock, S. 181, 185,205,206 200, 201, 203, 205, 206, 207,210, 211 Brooks, E.C. 17 Drijvers, J.W. 201,202, 203 Brooten, B.J. 197 Dunn, J.D.G. 15 244 Index of Modern Authors

Edwards, M.J. 3, 37, 62, 63, 64 Kranz, W. 57 Egger, B. 3 Kugel, J.L.4, 61,95 Festugière, A.J. 89, 195 Langen, J. 24, 181 Feyerabend, P. 32 Lapham, F. 2, 208, 209 Fitzmyer, J.A. 8 Leclercq, J. 40, 106 Foucault, M. 19,38, 164 Legasse, S. 36 Fowden, G. 78 Levenson, D.B. VIII, 180, 201, 211 Frankenberg, W. 13, 15, 16 Lienhard, J.T. 183 Geertz, C. 30, 34 Lieu, S.N.C. 184, 189, 190, 191, 192 Geoltrain, P. 17 Linder, A. 198 Gieschen, C.A. 12,28, 138 Lüdemann, G. 37 Goldhill, S. 172 Lyman, R. 183 Grégoire, H. 187 MacMullen, R. 87, 88, 96, 97, 98 Griffith, S.H. 182, 183, 193, 194, 195, Magnin, J.M. 148 203 Malingrey, A.M. 42 Gundel, W. 86 Marrou, H.I. 44 Hadot, P. 38,40, 59, 77, 79, 147, 163, Martin, L.H. 85 164, 165, 171 Martyn, J.L. 151 Hägg, T. 63 Marxsen, W. 26 Hammond, C.P. 15 McVey, K.E. 203 Hanson, R.P.C. 183 Meeks, W.A. 151, 183, 199 Harris, R. 13,22, 24 Merx, A. 24 Harvey, S.A. 211 Mimouni, S.C. 17, 199 Hauck, R.J. 150 Moyer, I. 58 Headlam, A.C. 18 Murray, J.S. 24, 50, 57, 72 Hegedus, T. 84, 85, 86, 89, 91, 97, 100, Nehamas, A. 49, 50 101, 102, 106, 109, 119, 120, 127, 186 Neusner, J. 149, 154 Heintze, W. 7, 20, 21, 22, 24, 63 Niewöhner, F. 75 Hilgenfeld, A. 18,20, 24, 151 Nock, A.D. 38, 86 Hodges, H. J. 83 Ory, G. 1 Hort, F.J.A. 6, 14, 24 Paschke, F. 13 Janowitz, N. 157, 208 Perkins, J. 172 Jastrow, M. 87 Perkins, P. 189, 190, 208, 209, 210 Jefford, C.N. 199 Perry, B.E. 3, 63 Jones, F.S. VIII, 1,4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, Pervo, R. 3 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,21,22,23,25,50, Pognon, H. 197 52, 60, 63, 64, 70, 83, 84, 96, 103, 119, Pouderon, B. 1,43,63, 103 120, 132, 135, 149, 158, 174, 175, 177, Pratscher, W. 174 191,209 Price, S. 64 Keck, L. 148 Rahner, K. 141 Kelley, N. IX, 1, 179, 205 Reed, A.Y. 2, 5, 183, 199, 200, 203, Kerényi, K. 7, 63 Rehm, B. 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 25, Kerferd, G.B. 48, 49, 50, 57, 74 43,44,46, 60, 75, 89, 175 Klijn, A.F.J. 152, 199 Reinink, G.J. 152 Kline, L.L. 2, 151 Robins, W. 6 Koester, H. 181, 182,207 Rohde, E. 7, 63 Kolenkow, A.B. 27 Ross, S.K. 83, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, Konstan, D. 3 193,206 Index of Modern Authors 245

Salles, A. 36, 153, 189 Thompson, J.B. 30, 32 Salmon, G. 8 Townsend, J.T. 43 Schaeder, H.H. 186 Trenkner, S. 63 Schatzki, T.R. 30 Tuzlak, A. 37 Schliemann, A. 16, 17, 18, 24 Uhlhorn, G. 4, 18, 24, 26, 180, 181 Schmidt, C. 11, 15,21,25, 174 van Amersfoort, J. 43 Schneider, A. 37, 98, 143, 147 van den Hoeck, A. 163, 164, 165 Schoeps, HJ. 5,21,25, 119, 148, 175 vanNes, H.M. 151 Schwartz, E. 18,22,48 van Voorst, R.E. 4, 18, 96, 175, 180 Scott, J.M. 70, 96, 149 Vielberg, M. 1,27, 179 Segal, A.F. 64 von Campenhausen, H. 148, 165 Sellew, P. 180 vonHarnack, A. 1,2,35, 188 Shepardson, C.C. 182, 183, 194, 198, 199, Wacquant, L. 30, 38 201,207 Wagner, M.M. 17 Smith, J.Z. 207 Wagner, W.H. 70 Smith, R. 200, 201, 202 Waitz, H. 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 20,21,25,63, Smith, T.V. 208, 209 151, 181,209 Spoerl, K.M. 205 Weber, M. 31,39,40, 77 Strecker, G. 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 25, Wehnert, J. 36, 179 36, 43, 60, 135, 136, 138, 151, 153, Wendland, P. 24 175, 181, 182, 209 Wilken, R.L. 38, 183, 193, 194, 195, 196, Talbert, C.H. 148 197, 198, 199 Taylor, J.E. 199 Williams, R. 181, 183, 192, 193,205 Taylor, M. 198 Wilson, R.McL. 6, 37 Index of Subjects and Key Terms

Abraham 4, 60, 61, 62, 95, 96, 105, 111, authority 7, 10, 29, 33, 34, 36, 40,41, 45, 133 48,49, 70, 74, 76, 91, 97, 135, 136, Acts, the book of 37, 51,52, 63, 138, 149, 137, 138, 144, 148, 149, 156, 172, 174, 172, 180, 181,208 175, 176, 177, 200, 206, 208, 209, 212 adultery 103, 119, 131 - authoritative interpreter 61, 66 Alexandria 10, 83, 116, 126, 193, 209 Bardaisan 11,13, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 82, Anabathmoi Jakobou 4, 96 83, 84, 114, 115, 116, 118, 121, 123, Antioch 9, 10, 29, 53, 90, 106, 144, 151, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 182, 183, 184, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 191, 192, 193, 185, 186, 187, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208 205,209,210,212 Barnabas 8, 10, 39, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, apostle 1,47, 53, 57, 135, 149, 150, 154, 156, 158, 167 155, 156, 157, 164, 165, 166, 168, 181, Book of the Laws of the Countries 11, 13, 208,210 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 82, 84, 91, 94, 107, - importance of number twelve 149- 114, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 158 128, 131, 184, 187, 192, 207 Appion 10, 11, 19,20,21,22,43,46,62, capital 30, 31, 33, 34, 38, 40,41, 42, 45, 79, 103 52, 55, 57, 81, 85, 87, 90, 92, 94, 97, Aquila 9, 11,20,27,39,41,42,43,44, 114, 134, 137, 143, 146, 147 45, 52, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 88, 90, Celsus 70, 72, 79 92, 99, 108, 109, 132, 156, 167 chastity 83, 103, 132 Arianism 6, 14, 15, 16, 29, 32, 183, 191, Clement 1,4, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 23, 28, 192, 193, 194, 195,205,206 29, 39, 41,42, 51, 53, 54, 56, 61, 62, astrology 4, 9, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 64, 65, 69, 70, 73, 79, 83, 88, 98, 100, 25, 27,28, 33, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 101, 103, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 98, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 130, 131, 132, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 156, 167, 171, 172, 178,207,210 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 130, 131, 132, - astrological expertise of 90-94, 116- 133, 143, 144, 146, 184, 186, 187, 191, 118 192, 196, 204 - authority of 33, 209, 210 - astrologers 27, 28, 33, 37, 81, 82, 83, - companion of Peter 158-160 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, - good memory of 28, 161-165 104, 106, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, - philosophical training of 27, 43-46 121, 124, 126, 129, 132, 133, 135, - quest for truth 8, 46, 47, 57-58 136, 138, 146, 168, 169, 174, 178, - writes exact record of Peter's 192,203 teaching (for James) 8, 9, 29, 164, - Chaldaeans 115, 123, 125, 187 173, 174, 175. 177 -climata 76, 93, 122, 125, 126, 127 Clement of Alexandria 13,42, 83, 132, - planets 97, 103, 106, 119, 120, 126, 164,165 185, 186, 187, 191, 196 Clement of Rome 1, 7, 10, 11, 14, 19, - zones of heaven 121 158, 174 Index of Subjects and Key Terms 247 creation 4, 14, 40,41, 46, 56, 58, 64, 68, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199,200,202, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 82, 207,210,212 90, 95,96, 99, 104, 105,106, 111, 117, Ephrem 82, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 128, 142, 151, 164, 202, 205, 207, 209 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, creator 14, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 78, 85, 95, 197, 199, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207 105, 157, 187, 188, 196, 202 Epicureanism 44, 70, 74, 75, 76 delegation 33, 136, 154 expertise 19, 27, 28, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, -delegates 33,136,137, 154, 167 43,44, 45,46, 51, 52, 55, 74, 75, 76, - religious specialists 33, 39,40, 77, 77, 78, 80, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 88, 142, 168 94, 96, 100, 115, 117, 133, 135, 138, demons, activity and influence of 20, 28, 143, 145, 146 87,91, 100, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, false pericopes, doctrine of 6, 12, 14, 16 125, 129, 133, 135, 138, 146, 152, 157, Faustinianus 9, 10, 11, 27, 33, 37, 39,40, 161, 186, 207 41, 43,44, 46, 62, 65, 71, 72, 73, 75, determinism 63, 64, 187 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, - astral 28, 60, 68, 83, 84, 89, 90, 93, 101, 103, 104, 107, 109, 117, 119, 120, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 121, 122, 125, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 114, 117, 142, 206, 207 118, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 128, field 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39,40, 42, 129, 130, 131, 133, 146 45, 52, 55, 57, 68, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, - chance 60, 65, 75, 79, 88, 92, 93, 99, 90, 92, 93, 96, 104, 134, 143, 184, 207 104, 130, 159 - conservation strategies 31, 40, 90 - fate 9, 20, 23, 34, 59, 64, 69, 73, 79, - subversion strategies 31,33,40, 90, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 96, 99, 100, 101, 97, 133 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 111, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 123, 124, see also game 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, foreknowledge 85, 112, 140, 144, 145, 133, 184, 185, 186, 187, 196, 203, 146 204, 205 forgetfulness 62, 161, 165 -genesis 23, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, free will 11, 20, 59, 83, 84, 87, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 111, 114, 101, 111, 112, 113, 116, 119, 124, 125, 119, 124, 125, 127, 129, 131, 132, 128, 184, 185, 186 133 game 31, 32, 55, 169 dialogue 20, 24, 25, 57, 70, 73, 74, 93, - players 31, 32, 33, 39, 40, 45, 90, 92, 115, 118, 125, 129, 147, 150, 171, 187, 93, 134 207 see also field - antilogie 50 Grundschrift 2, 4,5,6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, -brevity 41, 51, 52, 56, 57 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 37, 48, - dialectic 39, 49, 50, 71, 73, 74, 165 52, 60, 63, 64, 82, 83, 84, 93, 96, 103, -eristic41, 48, 50, 73 114, 116, 132, 175, 181, 185, 187, 196, -logic 21, 31, 41, 77, 195 205, 208 - simplicity 41, 51, 53, 55 habitus 30, 31,99 see also philosophy horoscope 83, 89, 98, 99, 102, 106, 119, discipleship 147, 149, 150, 156 121, 123, 126, 131, 132, 185, 192,204 Doctrina Addai 181, 186, 190, 191, 196, idolatry 19, 111, 196 197, 205,206,210 Isis 64 Ebionites 8, 12, 148, 207 Israel 36,61,62 13, 22, 23, 24, 29,40, 82, 179, James 180, 182, 183, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, - authority of 138, 174-178 248 Index of Subjects and Key Terms

- recipient of Pseudo-Clementines 8, 9, - true and certain 27, 28, 29, 34, 41, 160 42, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 65, 70, 76, Jerusalem 34, 101, 174, 175, 176, 201, 77, 78,81,82, 85,87,94, 130, 131, 202, 203 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, Jesus 2,4, 6, 12, 14, 28, 29, 33, 35, 39, 145, 168, 169, 170, 174, 178 40, 41, 42, 51, 53, 61, 64, 70, 79, 132, law 12, 55, 78, 86, 98, 110, 125, 128, 139, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 147, 142, 151, 188, 198,202 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, magic 19, 20, 39, 110, 111, 187, 204 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, -magicians 8, 36, 39, 109, 153, 176 166, 167, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177, 167, 185, 189, 190, 191, 178, 179, 185, 190, 206,210 192 Jewish Christian 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 16, Marcion 10, 14, 29, 36, 37, 70, 151, 153, 21, 32, 34, 52, 64, 70, 78, 96, 135, 148, 182, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189, 192, 193, 149, 150, 151, 152, 157, 174, 175, 177, 195, 202, 204, 205,206, 207, 208 182, 183, 199, 200, 201, 203, 207, 209, Mars 83, 106, 119, 122, 123, 132 212 Mattidia 83, 132 Jubilees, Book of 70, 95, 96 memory 29, 30, 70,78, 117, 137, 155, Judaizing Christians 197, 199 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 171, 173, judgment, final 12, 41, 58, 65, 71, 73, 79, 177 80, 82, 101, 107, 129, 157 Mercury 106, 119, 120, 123 -fear of 130 Mithras 64, 201 Julian 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205 Moses 12, 14,35, 70, 138, 148 Jupiter 106, 119 Niceta 9, 11, 20, 27, 39,41, 42, 43,44, Kerygma Petrou 2, 12, 18, 36, 181, 208 45, 52, 60, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, knowledge 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 19, 27, 28, 74, 75, 76, 88, 90, 99, 100, 101, 102, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40,42, 104, 105, 106, 107, 132, 156, 167 43,45, 46,48, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, no&mima barbarika& 100, 116, 126 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 76, 77, 78, 80, pagan gods 10, 38, 64, 73, 79, 86, 102, 81, 82, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 97, 104, 195, 196 98, 99, 103, 108, 112, 113, 115, 117, paganism 7, 9, 11, 21, 22, 40, 63, 66, 102, 118, 120, 129, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 150, 179, 186, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 201,203,206,210,212 150, 151, 153, 157, 160, 167, 168, 169, Paul 2, 3, 8, 12, 29, 36, 135, 147, 148, 170, 172, 173, 174, 178, 179, 180, 187, 149, 150, 153, 181, 188,206 194, 195,207 - anti-Paulinism 2, 6, 12, 16, 36, 135, - astrological 4, 82, 90, 92, 94, 100, 136, 148, 149, 150, 153 106, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 133, personal acquaintance with Jesus 29, 135, 138 136, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, 156, - epistemic authority 40,41, 90, 97, 158, 160 124, 130, 145, 150, 174 Peter 1,2, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 14, 27,28,29, - false, based on conjecture 8, 18, 23, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 40,42, 45, 47, 48, 27, 28,42, 46,48, 53, 71,81, 82, 87, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 110, 135, 138, 142, 144, 145, 175 64, 65, 66, 67, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, - prophetic 28, 29, 32, 39,41, 80, 87, 84, 88, 89, 90, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 113, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 110, 112, 130, 131, 133, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 156, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 154, 157, 160, 161, 162, 168, 172, 174, 156, 157, 158, 159, 167, 168, 189, 194, 178, 208 204, 206, 207 - creation narrative of 69-75 Index of Subjects and Key Terms 249

- delegate for Jesus 135, 136, 162 147, 148, 149 - disputes with Appion 20, 21, 22 - revelatory experience 135 - good memory of 28, 160-166 rhetoric 17, 25, 27, 28, 52, 53, 64,67, 68, - opposition to Paul 35, 181 69, 74, 92, 94, 96, 110, 135, 153, 154, - orderly 169-174 155, 166, 172, 174, 177, 178, 192, 194, - personal companion of Jesus 28, 135, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 206, 212 136, 147-153 righteousness 10, 12, 16, 56, 60, 61, 71, - Petrine authority 65, 134, 152-155, 100, 109, 111, 112, 128, 142, 148, 151, 179, 181,208,209,210-212 153, 175 - reports to James 9, 174—178 -of God 61 - uneducated 27, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 romance of recognitions 6, 7, 11, 60, 63, philosophers 27, 28, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 64, 65 40,41, 42, 43, 44,45, 46, 47, 48,49, Rome 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 36, 58, 97, 98, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 126, 158, 172, 181, 182,200, 203,210 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 129, Rufinus 8, 15, 16, 17,27, 157 135, 136, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, sacrifice 102, 157, 201, 202, 203,204, 153, 168, 169, 174, 178, 182, 184 207 philosophy 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42,43, 44, 45, 46,47, 48, 49, salvation 31, 33, 34, 39, 54, 55, 57, 68, 85, 129, 140, 141, 142, 161, 169, 170, 52, 55, 58, 70, 74, 76, 77, 80, 87, 94, 176, 207 103, 134, 143, 144, 147, 163, 185, 194, Saturn 83, 106, 119, 123, 132 195, 196, 200, 201,204 Simon Magus, 1,5,8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, - debates over 39, 40, 41, 61, 69, 70, 20, 25, 28, 37, 38, 39, 41,44, 47, 55, 88 56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 134, 140, -Greek 44, 184, 194, 195 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 166, 168, - ignorant or unskilled 48, 53, 54, 108, 171, 172, 175, 176, 181, 189, 194, 204 111, 113, 130, 146, 188 -disorderly 171 - philosophical schools 34, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 53,58, 69, 101, 145, 147 - relationship to Paul 3, 12, 36, 134, - Platonic 57, 73, 74, 188, 194, 195, 153 200, 201 - representing Marcionite views 189, - sophistry 27, 46, 47, 48,49, 50, 53, 207 57, 59, 69, 80, 87 - representing multiple adversaries - syllogisms 39, 46, 47, 78, 146 151,206 - training 40, 42, 44, 52, 90 source criticism 5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, - true 74 32, 63, 96 see also dialogue Stoicism 22,45, 55, 59, 70, 184, 194, 195 Plato 41, 45, 46,48, 49, 50, 56, 57, 71, Syria 9, 11, 14, 16, 29, 34, 35,40, 115, 72, 73, 74, 76, 159, 184, 188, 202 116, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, prophecy 14, 146, 147, 170 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, -prophets 12, 28, 42, 53, 59, 69, 71, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 203, 204, 205, 111, 112, 138, 140, 143, 144, 146, 206,207, 208,209,210,212 188 syzygies 6, 12, 14, 16, 34, 68, 109 providence 9, 20, 21, 22, 41,46, 58, 59, True Prophet 8, 12, 14, 28, 29, 42, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 56, 67, 70, 127, 129, 135, 138, 139, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 82, 84, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 87, 89, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 132, 133, 186, 166, 167, 176, 177, 178, 189, 207 188,205,208 Pythagoras 74 250 Index of Subjects and Key Terms

- sole source of certain knowledge 81, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 160, 161, 82, 136, 137, 138-146, 170, 173- 162, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 174, 176, 195, 201, 205, 206, 208, 209, truth 10, 12, 27, 29, 34, 36, 37, 38,41, 46, 210 47,48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 64, UTTO(jvfinaTa 163, 164, 165 65, 66, 69, 71, 76, 80, 82, 87, 96, 112, Venus 83, 103, 106, 119, 122, 123, 132 113, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Alphabetical Index of the First and Second Series

Ädna, Jostein: Jesu Stellung zum Tempel. Bauernfeind, Otto: Kommentar und Studien 2000. Volume 11/119. zur Apostelgeschichte. 1980. Volume 22. Ädna, Jostein (Ed.): The Formation of the Baum, Armin Daniel: Pseudepigraphie und Early Church. 2005. Volume 183. literarische Fälschung im frühen Christen- - and Kvalbein, Hans (Ed.): The Mission of tum. 2001. Volume U/138. the Early Church to Jews and Gentiles. Bayer, Hans Friedrich: Jesus' Predictions of 2000. Volume 127. Vindication and Resurrection. 1986. Alkier, Stefan: Wunder und Wirklichkeit in Volume 11/20. den Briefen des Apostels Paulus. 2001. Becker, Eve-Marie: Das Markus-Evangelium Volume 134. im Rahmen antiker Historiographie. Anderson, Paul N.: The of the 2006. Volume 194. Fourth Gospel. 1996. Volume 11/78. Becker, Eve-Marie and Peter Pilhofer (Ed.): Appold, Mark L.: The Oneness Motif in the Biographie und Persönlichkeit des Paulus. Fourth Gospel. 1976. Volume IUI. 2005. Volume 187. Arnold, Clinton E.: The Colossian Becker, Michael: Wunder und Wundertäter Syncretism. 1995. Volume 11/77. im früh-rabbinischen Judentum. 2002. Ascough, RichardS.. Paul's Macedonian Volume 11/144. Associations. 2003. Volume 11/161. Becker, Michael and Markus Ohler (Ed.): Asiedu-Peprah, Martin: Johannine Sabbath Apokalyptik als Herausforderung neutesta- Conflicts As Juridical Controversy. 2001. mentlicher Theologie. 2006. Volume 194. Volume 11/132. Bell, Richard H. : The Irrevocable Call of God. Avemarie, Friedrich: Die Tauferzählungen der 2005. Volume 184. Apostelgeschichte. 2002. Volume 139. - No One Seeks for God. 1998. Volume 106. Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann - Provoked to Jealousy. 1994. Volume 11/63. Lichtenberger (Ed.): Auferstehung - Bennema, Cornells: The Power of Saving Ressurection. 2001. Volume 135. Wisdom. 2002. Volume 11/148. - Bund und Tora. 1996. Volume 92. Bergman, Jan: see Kieffer, René Baarlink, Heinrich: Verkündigtes Heil. 2004. Bergmeier, Roland: Das Gesetz im Römerbrief Volume 168. und andere Studien zum Neuen Testament. Bachmann, Michael: Sünder oder Übertreter. 2000. Volume 121. 1992. Volume 59. Betz, Otto: Jesus, der Messias Israels. 1987. Bachmann, Michael (Ed.): Lutherische Volume 42. und Neue Paulusperspektive. 2005. - Jesus, der Herr der Kirche. 1990. Volume 52. Volume 182. Beyschlag, Karlmann: Simon Magus und die Back, Frances: Verwandlung durch Offenba- christliche . 1974. Volume 16. rung bei Paulus. 2002. Volume 11/153. Bittner, Wolfgang J. : Jesu Zeichen im Johan- Baker, William R.: Personal Speech-Ethics in nesevangelium. 1987. Volume 11/26. the . 1995. Volume 11/68. Bjerkelund, CarlJ.: Tauta Egeneto. 1987. Bakke, OddMagne: 'Concord and Peace'. Volume 40. 2001. Volume II/143. Blackburn, Barry Lee: Theios Ane r and the Baldwin, Matthew C.: Whose ? Markan Traditions. 1991. 2005. Volume 11/196. Volume 11/40. Balla, Peter: Challenges to New Testament Bock, DarrellL.: Blasphemy and Exaltation in Theology. 1997. Volume 11/95. Judaism and the Final Examination of Je- - The Child-Parent Relationship in the New sus. 1998. Volume 11/106. Testament and its Environment. 2003. Bockmuehl, Markus N.A.: Revelation and Volume 155. Mystery in Ancient Judaism and Pauline Bammel, Ernst: Judaica. Volume I 1986. Christianity. 1990. Volume 11/36. Volume 37. Bee, Sverre: Gog and Magog. 2001. - Volume II 1997. Volume 91. Volume 11/135. Bash, Anthony: Ambassadors for Christ. 1997. Volume 11/92. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Böhlig, Alexander: Gnosis und Synkretismus. Dahl, Nils Alstrup: Studies in Ephesians. 2000. Volume 1 1989. Volume 4 7 - Volume 2 Volume 131. 1989. Volume 48. Deines, Roland: Die Gerechtigkeit der Tora Böhm, Martina: Samarien und die Samaritai im Reich des Messias. 2004. Volume 177. bei Lukas. 1999. Volume II/lll. - Jüdische Steingefaße und pharisäische Böttrich, Christfried: Weltweisheit - Mensch- Frömmigkeit. 1993. Volume 11/52. heitsethik - Urkult. 1992. Volume 11/50. - Die Pharisäer. 1997. Volume 101. Bolyki, Jänos: Jesu Tischgemeinschaften. Deines, Roland and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr 1997. Volume 11/96. (Ed.): Philo und das Neue Testament. Bosman, Philip: Conscience in Philo and 2004. Volume 172. Paul. 2003. Volumell/166. Dettwiler, Andreas and Jean Zumstein (Ed.): Bovon, François: Studies in Early Christiani- Kreuzestheologie im Neuen Testament. ty. 2003. Volume 161. 2002. Volume 151. Brocke, Christoph vom: Thessaloniki - Stadt Dickson, John P.: Mission-Commitment in des Kassander und Gemeinde des Paulus. Ancient Judaism and in the Pauline 2001. Volume 11/125. Communities. 2003. Volume II/l59. Brunson, Andrew: Psalm 118 in the Gospel of Dietzfelbinger, Christian: Der Abschied des John. 2003. Volume 11/158. Kommenden. 1997. Volume 95. Büchli, Jörg: Der Poimandres - ein pagani- Dimitrov, Ivan Z., James D G. Dunn, Ulrich siertes Evangelium. 1987. Volume H/27. Luz and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Das Biihner, Jan A.: Der Gesandte und sein Weg im Alte Testament als christliche Bibel in or- 4. Evangelium. 1977. Volume U/2. thodoxer und westlicher Sicht. 2004. Burchard, Christoph: Untersuchungen zu Jo- Volume 174. seph und Aseneth. 1965. Volume 8. Dobbeler, Axel von: Glaube als Teilhabe. 1987. - Studien zur Theologie, Sprache und Um- Volume H/22. welt des Neuen Testaments. Ed. by D. Sän- Dryden, J. de Waal: Theology and Ethics in 1 ger. 1998. Volume 107. Peter. 2006. Volume H/209. Burnett, Richard: Karl Barth's Theological Du Toit, DavidS.: Theios Anthropos. 1997. Exegesis. 2001. Volume H/145. Volume 11/91. Byron, John: Slavery Metaphors in Early Dübbers, Michael: Christologie und Existenz Judaism and Pauline Christianity. 2003. im Kolosserbrief. 2005. Volume H/191. Volume 11/162. Dunn, James D. G. : The New Perspective on Byrskog, Samuel: Story as History - History Paul. 2005. Volume 185. as Story. 2000. Volume 123. Dunn, James D. G. (Ed.): Jews and Christians. Cancik, Hubert (Ed.): Markus-Philologie. 1992. Volume 66. 1984. Volume 33. - Paul and the Mosaic Law. 1996. Volume 89. Capes, David B.: Old Testament Yaweh Texts - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. in Paul's Christology. 1992. Volume H/47. -, Hans Klein, Ulrich Luz and Vasile Mihoc Caragounis, Chrys C.: The Development of (Ed.): Auslegung der Bibel in orthodoxer und Greek and the New Testament. 2004. westlicher Perspektive. 2000. Volume 130. Volume 167. Ebel, Eva: Die Attraktivität früher christli- - The Son of Man. 1986. Volume 38. cher Gemeinden. 2004. Volume II/l 78. - see Fridrichsen, Anton. Ebertz, Michael N. : Das Charisma des Gekreu- Carleton Paget, James: The Epistle of zigten. 1987. Volume 45. Barnabas. 1994. Volume H/64. Eckstein, Hans-Joachim: Der Begriff Carson, D.A., O 'Brien, Peter T. and Mark Syneidesis bei Paulus. 1983. Volume 11/10. Seifrid (Ed.): Justification and Variegated - Verheißung und Gesetz. 1996. Volume 86. Nomism. Ego, Beate: Im Himmel wie auf Erden. 1989. Volume 1 : The Complexities of Second Volume II/34. Temple Judaism. 2001. Volume 11/140. Ego, Beate, Armin Lange and Peter Pilhofer Volume 2: The Paradoxes of Paul. 2004. (Ed.): Gemeinde ohne Tempel - Commu- Volume 11/181. nity without Temple. 1999. Volume 118. Ciampa, Roy E. : The Presence and Function - and Helmut Merkel (Ed.): Religiöses Ler- of Scripture in Galatians 1 and 2. 1998. nen in der biblischen, frühjüdischen und Volume 11/102. früh-christlichen Überlieferung. 2005. Classen, Carl Joachim: Rhetorical Criticsm of Volume 180. the New Testament. 2000. Volume 128. Eisen, Ute E.: set Paulsen, Henning. Colpe, Carsten: Iranier - Aramäer - Hebräer - Elledge, C.D.: Life after Death in Early Hellenen. 2003. Volume 154. Judaism. 2006. Volume 11/208. Crump, David: Jesus the Intercessor. 1992. Ellis, E. Earle: Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Volume H/49. Early Christianity. 1978. Volume 18. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- The Old Testament in Early Christianity. Gemünden, Petra von (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, 1991. Volume 54. Annette. Endo, Masanobu: Creation and Christology. Gese, Michael: Das Vermächtnis des Apostels. 2002. Volume 149. 1997. Volume 11/99. Ennulat, Andreas: Die 'Minor Agreements'. Gheorghita, Radu: The Role of the Septua- 1994. Volume 11/62. gint in Hebrews. 2003. Volume H/160. Ensor, Peter W.: Jesus and His 'Works'. 1996. Grübe, Petrus J. : The Power of God in Paul 's Volume 11/85. Letters. 2000. Volume H/123. Eskola, Timo: and the Throne. 2001. Gräßer, Erich: Der Alte Bund im Neuen. 1985. Volume 11/142. Volume 35. - Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline - Forschungen zur Apostelgeschichte. 2001. Soteriology. 1998. Volume Ii/100. Volume 137. Fatehi, Mehrdad: The Spirit's Relation to the Green, JoelB.: The Death of Jesus. 1988. Risen Lord in Paul. 2000. Volume 11/128. Volume 11/33. Feldmeier, Reinhard: Die Krisis des Gottes- Gregg, Brian Han: The Historical Jesus and sohnes. 1987. Volume H/21. the Final Judgment Sayings in Q. 2005. - Die Christen als Fremde. 1992. Volume 64. Volume H/207. Feldmeier, Reinhard and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Gregory, Andrew: The Reception of Luke and Die Heiden. 1994. Volume 70. Acts in the Period before Irenaeus. 2003. Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H.T.: Luke-Acts: An- Volume 11/169. gels, Christology and Soteriology. 1997. Grindheim, Sigurd: The Crux of Election. Volume 11/94. 2005. Volume 11/202. Förster, Niclas: Magus. 1999. Gundry, Robert H.: The Old is Better. 2005. Volume 114. Volume 178. Forbes, Christopher Brian: Prophecy and Gundry Volf, Judith M. : Paul and Persever- Inspired Speech in Early Christianity and ance. 1990. Volume 11/37. its Hellenistic Environment. 1995. Häußer, Detlef: Christusbekenntnis und Jesus- Volume 11/75. überlieferung bei Paulus. 2006. Volume 210. Fornberg, Tord: see Fridrichsen, Anton. Hafemann, Scott J. : Suffering and the Spirit. Fossum, Jarl E. : The Name of God and the 1986. Volume II/19. Angel of the Lord. 1985. Volume 36. - Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel. Foster, Paul: Community, Law and Mission in 1995. Volume 81. Matthew's Gospel. Volume 11/177. Hahn, Ferdinand: Studien zum Neuen Testa- Fotopoulos, John: Food Offered to Idols in ment. Volume I: Grundsatzfragen, Jesus- Roman Corinth. 2003. Volume 11/151. forschung, Evangelien. 2006. Volume 191. Frenschkowski, Marco: Offenbarung und - Volume II: Bekenntnisbildung und Theolo- Epiphanie. Volume 1 1995. Volume 11/79- gie in urchristlicher Zeit. 2006. Volume 192. Volume 2 1997. Volume 11/80. Hahn, Johannes (Ed.): Zerstörungen des Jeru- Frey, Jörg: Eugen Drewermann und die bibli- salemer Tempels. 2002. Volume 147. sche Exegese. 1995. Volume II/71. Hamid-Khani, Saeed: Relevation and Con- - Diejohanneische Eschatologie. Volume I. cealment of Christ. 2000. Volume H/120. 1997. Volume 96. - Volume II. 1998. Hannah, Darrel D. : Michael and Christ. 1999. Volume HO. - Volume III. 2000. Volume 117. Volume 11/109. Frey, Jörg and Udo Schnelle (Ed.): Kontexte Harrison: James R. : Paul 's Language of Grace des Johannesevangeliums. 2004. Volume 175. in Its Graeco-Roman Context. 2003. - and Jens Schröter (Ed.): Deutungendes Volume 11/172. Todes Jesu im Neuen Testament. 2005. Hartman, Lars: Text-Centered New Testa- Volume 181. ment Studies. Ed. von D. Hellholm. 1997. Freyne, Sean: Galilee and Gospel. 2000. Volume 102. Volume 125. Hartog, Paul: Polycarp and the New Testa- Fridrichsen, Anton: Exegetical Writings. ment. 2001. Volume 11/134. Edited by C.C. Caragounis and T. Fornberg. Heckel, Theo K.: Der Innere Mensch. 1993. 1994. Volume 76. Volume 11/53. Gackle, Volker: Die Starken und die Schwachen - Vom Evangelium des Markus zum vierge- in Korinth und in Rom. 2005. Volume 200. staltigen Evangelium. 1999. Volume 120. Garlington, Don B.: 'The Obedience of Heckel, Ulrich: Kraft in Schwachheit. 1993. Faith'. 1991. Volume 11/38. Volume 11/56. - Faith, Obedience, and Perseverance. 1994. - Der Segen im Neuen Testament. 2002. Volume 79. Volume 150. Garnet, Paul: Salvation and Atonement in the - see Feldmeier, Reinhard. Qumran Scrolls. 1977. Volume 11/3. - see Hengel, Martin. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Heiligenthal, Roman: Werke als Zeichen. Horbury, William: Herodian Judaism and New 1983. Volume Ii/9. Testament Study. 2006. Volume 193. Hellholm, D.: see Hartman, Lars. Horst, Pieter W. van der: Jews and Christians in Hemer, Colin J. : The Book of Acts in the Their Graeco-Roman Context. 2006. Setting of Hellenistic History. 1989. Volume 196. Volume 49. Hvalvik, Reidar: The Struggle for Scripture Hengel, Martin: Judentum und Hellenismus. and Covenant. 1996. Volume 11/82. 1969,31988. Volume 10. Jauhiainen, Marko: The Use of Zechariah in - Die johanneische Frage. 1993. Volume 67. Revelation. 2005. Volume 11/199. - Judaica et Hellenistica. Johns, Loren L. : The Lamb Christology of the Kleine Schriften I. 1996. Volume 90. Apocalypse of John. 2003. Volume 11/167. - Judaica, Hellenistica et Christiana. Joubert, Stephan: Paul as Benefactor. 2000. Kleine Schriften II. 1999. Volume 109. Volume 11/124. - Paulus und Jakobus. Jungbauer, Harry: „Ehre Vater und Mutter". Kleine Schriften III. 2002. Volume 141. 2002. Volume 11/146. - and Anna Maria Schwemer: Paulus zwi- Kahler, Christoph: Jesu Gleichnisse als Poesie schen Damaskus und Antiochien. 1998. und Therapie. 1995. Volume 78. Volume 108. Kamiah, Ehrhard: Die Form der - Der messianische Anspruch Jesu und katalogischen Paränese im Neuen Testa- die Anfänge der Christologie. 2001. ment. 1964. Volume 7. Volume 138. Kammler, Hans-Christian: Christologie und Hengel, Martin and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Eschatologie. 2000. Volume 126. Paulus und das antike Judentum. 1991. - Kreuz und Weisheit. 2003. Volume 159. Volume 58. - see Hofius, Otfried. - and Hermut Lohr (Ed.): Schriftauslegung Kelhoffer, James A.: The Diet of John the im antiken Judentum und im Urchristen- Baptist. 2005. Volume 176. tum. 1994. Volume 73. - Miracle and Mission. 1999. Volume 11/112. - and Anna Maria Schwemer (Ed.): Königs- Kelley, Nicole: Knowledge and Religious herrschaft Gottes und himm-lischer Kult. Authority in the Pseudo-Clementines. 1991. Volume 55. 2006. Volume 11/213. - Die Septuaginta. 1994. Volume 72. Kieffer, René and Jan Bergman (Ed.): La Main -, Siegfried Mittmann and Anna Maria de Dieu/Die Hand Gottes. 1997. Volume 94. Schwemer (Ed.): La Cité de Dieu / Die Stadt Kim, Seyoon: The Origin of Paul's Gospel. Gottes. 2000. Volume 129. 1981,21984. Volume II/4. Herrenbrück, Fritz: Jesus und die Zöllner. - Paul and the New Perspective. 2002. 1990. Volume 11/41. Volume 140. Herzer, Jens: Paulus oder Petrus? 1998. - "The ' Son of Man "' as the Son of God. Volume 103. 1983. Volume 30. Hill, Charles E. : From the Lost Teaching of Klauck, Hans-Josef: Religion und Gesellschaft Polycarp. 2005. Volume 186. im frühen Christentum. 2003. Volume 152. Hoegen-Rohls, Christina: Der nachösterliche Klein, Hans: see Dunn, James D. G. Johannes. 1996. Volume H/84. Kleinknecht, Karl Th. : Der leidende Gerecht- Hoffmann, Matthias Reinhard: The Destro- fertigte. 1984,21988. Volume II/13. yer and the Lamb. 2005. Volume 11/203. Klinghardt, Matthias: Gesetz und Volk Gottes. Hofius, Otfried: Katapausis. 1970. Volume 11. 1988. Volume 11/32. - Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. 1972. Kloppenborg, John S.: The Tenants in the Volume 14. Vineyard. 2006. Volume 195. - Der Christushymnus Philipper 2,6-11. Koch, Michael: Drachenkampf und Sonnen- 1976,21991. Volume 17. frau. 2004. Volume 11/184. - Paulusstudien. 1989,21994. Volume 51. Koch, Stefan: Rechtliche Regelung von Kon- - Neutestamentliche Studien. 2000. flikten im frühen Christentum. 2004. Volume 132. Volume U/174. - Paulusstudien II. 2002. Volume 143. Köhler, Wolf-Dietrich: Rezeption des - and Hans-Christian Kammler: Matthäusevangeliums in der Zeit vor Johannesstudien. 1996. Volume 88. Irenäus. 1987. Volume 11/24. Holtz, Traugott: Geschichte und Theologie des Köhn, Andreas: Der Neutestamentier Ernst Urchristentums. 1991. Volume 57. Lohmeyer. 2004. Volume U/180. Hommel, Hildebrecht: Sebasmata. Volume 1 Kooten, George H. van: Cosmic Christology 1983. Volume 31 - Volume 2 1984. in Paul and the Pauline School. 2003. Volume 32. Volume II/171. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Korn, Manfred: Die Geschichte Jesu in verän- Lohr, Hermut: Studien zum frühchristlichen derter Zeit. 1993. Volume 11/51. und frühjüdischen Gebet. 2003. Volume 160. Koskenniemi, Erkki: Apollonios von Tyana in - see Hengel, Martin. der neutestamentlichen Exegese. 1994. Lohr, Winrich Alfried: und seine Schu- Volume 11/61. le. 1995. Volume 83. - The Old Testament Miracle-Workers in Luomanen, Petri: Entering the Kingdom of Early Judaism. 2005. Volume II/206. Heaven. 1998. Volume 11/101. Kraus, Thomas J.: Sprache, Stil und histori- Luz, Ulrich: see Dunn, James D. G. scher Ort des zweiten Petrusbriefes. 2001. Mackay, lan D.: John's Raltionship with Volume 11/136. Mark. 2004. Volume H/182. Kraus, Wolfgang: Das Volk Gottes. 1996. Maier, Gerhard: Mensch und freier Wille. Volume 85. 1971. Volume 12. Kraus, Wolfgang and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr - Die Johannesoffenbarung und die Kirche. (Ed.): Frühjudentum und Neues Testament 1981. Volume 25. im Horizont Biblischer Theologie. 2003. Markschies, Christoph: Gnosticus? Volume 162. 1992. Volume 65. - see Walter, Nikolaus. Marshall, Peter: Enmity in Corinth: Social Kreplin, Matthias: Das Selbstverständnis Jesu. Conventions in Paul s Relations with the 2001. Volume 11/141. Corinthians. 1987. Volume 11/23. Kuhn, Karl G.: Achtzehngebet und Vaterunser Mayer, Annemarie: Sprache der Einheit im und der Reim. 1950. Volume 1. Epheserbrief und in der Ökumene. 2002. Kvalbein, Hans: see Ädna, Jostein. Volume U/150. Kwon, Yon-Gyong: Eschatology in Galatians. Mayordomo, Moisés: Argumentiert Paulus 2004. Volume 11/183. logisch? 2005. Volume 188. Laansma, Jon: I Will Give You Rest. 1997. McDonough, Sean M.: YHWH at Patmos: Volume 11/98. Rev. 1:4 in its Hellenistic and Early Jewish Labahn, Michael: Offenbarung in Zeichen und Setting. 1999. Volume 11/107. Wort. 2000. Volume 11/117. McDowell, Markus: Prayers of Jewish Lambers-Petry, Doris: see Tomson, Peter J. Women. 2006. Volume 11/211. Lange, Armin: see Ego, Beate. McGlynn, Moyna: Divine Judgement and Lampe, Peter: Die stadtrömischen Christen in Divine Benevolence in the Book of den ersten beiden Jahrhunderten. 1987, Wisdom. 2001. Volume 11/139. 21989. Volume H/18. Meade, David G.: Pseudonymity and Canon. Landmesser, Christof: Wahrheit als Grundbe- 1986. Volume 39. griff neutestamentlicher Wissenschaft. Meadors, Edward P.: Jesus the Messianic 1999. Volume 113. Herald of Salvation. 1995. Volume 11/72. - Jüngerberufung und Zuwendung zu Gott. Meißner, Stefan: Die Heimholung des Ketzers. 2000. Volume 133. 1996. Volume II/87. Lau, Andrew: Manifest in Flesh. 1996. Melt, Ulrich: Die „anderen" Winzer. 1994. Volume II/86. Volume 77. Lawrence, Louise: An Ethnography of the Mengel, Berthold: Studien zum Philipperbrief. Gospel of Matthew. 2003. Volume 11/165. 1982. Volume 11/8. Lee, Aquila H.I.: From Messiah to Preexistent Merkel, Helmut: Die Widersprüche zwischen Son. 2005. Volume 11/192. den Evangelien. 1971. Volume 13. Lee, Pilchan: The New Jerusalem in the Book - see Ego, Beate. of Relevation. 2000. Volume 11/129. Merklein, Helmut: Studien zu Jesus und Paulus. Lichtenberger, Hermann: Das Ich Adams und Volume 1 1987. Volume 43. -Volume 2 das Ich der Menschheit. 2004. Volume 164. 1998. Volume 105. - see Avemarie, Friedrich. Metzdorf, Christina: Die Tempelaktion Jesu. Lierman, John: The New Testament Moses. 2003. Volume 11/168. 2004. Volume 11/173. Metzler, Karin: Der griechische Begriff des Ver- Lieu, Samuel N.C. : Manichaeism in the Later zeihens. 1991. Volume H/44. and Medieval China. Metzner, Rainer: Die Rezeption des Matthäus- 21992. Volume 63. evangeliums im 1. Petrusbrief. 1995. Lindgdrd, Fredrik: Paul's Line of Thought in Volume 11/74. 2 Corinthians 4:16-5:10. 2004. - Das Verständnis der Sünde im Johannes- Volume 11/189. evangelium. 2000. Volume 122. Loader, William R. G.: Jesus' Attitude Towards Mihoc, Vasile: see Dunn, James D. G.. the Law. 1997. Volume 11/97. Mineshige, Kiyoshi: Besitzverzicht und Almo- Lohr, Gebhard: Verherrlichung Gottes durch sen bei Lukas. 2003. Volume 11/163. Philosophie. 1997. Volume 97. Mittmann, Siegfried: see Hengel, Martin. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Mittmann-Richert, Ulrike: Magnifikat und - Philippi. Volume 1 1995. Volume 87. - Benediktus. 1996. Volume H/90. Volume 2 2000. Volume 119. Mournet, Terence C. : Oral Tradition and - Die frühen Christen und ihre Welt. 2002. Literary Dependency. 2005. Volume H/195. Volume 145. Mußner, Franz: Jesus von Nazareth im Umfeld - see Becker, Eve-Marie. Israels und der Urkirche. Ed. von M. Theo- - see Ego, Beate. bald. 1998. Volume 111. Pitre, Brant: Jesus, the Tribulation, and the Mutschier, Bernhard: Das Corpus Johanneum End of the Exile. 2005. Volume II/204. bei Irenäus von Lyon. 2005. Volume 189. Plümacher, Eckhard: Geschichte und Ge- Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm: Gesetz und Paränese. schichten. 2004. Volume 170. 1987. Volume 11/28. Pöhlmann, Wolfgang: Der Verlorene Sohn - Heidenapostel aus Israel. 1992. Volume 62. und das Haus. 1993. Volume 68. - see Deines, Roland Pokorny, Petr and Josef B. Soueek: Bibelausle- - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. gung als Theologie. 1997. Volume 100. - see Kraus, Wolfgang Pokorny, Petr and Jan Roskovec (Ed.): Nielsen, Anders E. : "Until it is Fullfilled". Philosophical Hermeneutics and Biblical 2000. Volume II/126. Exegesis. 2002. Volume 153. Nissen, Andreas: Gott und der Nächste im an- Popkes, Enno Edzard: Die Theologie der Lie- tiken Judentum. 1974. Volume 15. be Gottes in den johanneischen Schriften. Noack, Christian: Gottesbewußtsein. 2000. 2005. Volume II/197. Volume 11/116. Porter, Stanley E.: The Paul of Acts. 1999. Noormann, Rolf: Irenäus als Paulusinterpret. Volume 115. 1994. Volume 11/66. Prieur, Alexander: Die Verkündigung der Novakovic, Lidija: Messiah, the Healer of the Gottesherrschaft. 1996. Volume II/89. Sick. 2003. Volume 11/170. Probst, Hermann: Paulus und der Brief. 1991. Obermann, Andreas: Die christologische Er- Volume II/45. füllung der Schrift im Johannesevangelium. Räisänen, Heikki: Paul and the Law. 1983, 1996. Volume 11/83. 21987. Volume 29. Ohler, Markus: Barnabas. 2003. Volume 156. Rehkopf, Friedrich: Die lukanische - see Becker, Michael Sonderquelle. 1959. Volume 5. Okure, Teresa: The Johannine Approach to Rein, Matthias: Die Heilung des Blindgebore- Mission. 1988. Volume II/31. nen (Joh 9). 1995. Volume II/73. Onuki, Takashi: Heil und Erlösung. 2004. Reinmuth, Eckart: Pseudo-Philo und Lukas. Volume 165. 1994. Volume 74. Oropeza, B. J. : Paul and Apostasy. 2000. Reiser, Marius: Syntax und Stil des Markus- Volume 11/115. evangeliums. 1984. Volume 11/11. Ostmeyer, Karl-Heinrich: Kommunikation Rhodes, James N.: The Epistle of Barnabas mit Gott und Christus. 2006. Volume 197. and the Deuteronomic Tradition. 2004. - Taufe und Typos. 2000. Volume U/118. Volume 11/188. Paulsen, Henning: Studien zur Literatur und Richards, E. Randolph: The Secretary in the Geschichte des frühen Christentums. Ed. Letters of Paul. 1991. Volume U/42. von Ute E. Eisen. 1997. Volume 99. Riesner, Rainer: Jesus als Lehrer. 1981, '1988. Pao, David W.: Acts and the Isaianic New Exo- Volume U/7. dus. 2000. Volume II/l 30. - Die Frühzeit des Apostels Paulus. 1994. Park, Eung Chun: The Mission Discourse in Volume 71. Matthew's Interpretation. 1995. Rissi, Mathias: Die Theologie des Hebräer- Volume 11/81. briefs. 1987. Volume 41. Park, Joseph S.: Conceptions of Afterlife in Roskovec, Jan: see Pokorny, Petr. Jewish Insriptions. 2000. Volume U/121. Röhser, Günter: Metaphorik und Personifika- Pate, C. Marvin: The Reverse of the Curse. tion der Sünde. 1987. Volume 11/25. 2000. Volume U/114. Rose, Christian: Die Wolke der Zeugen. 1994. Peres, Imre: Griechische Grabinschriften und Volume II/60. neutestamentliche Eschatologie. 2003. Rothschild, Cläre K.: Baptist Traditions and Volume 157. Q. 2005. Volume 190. Philip, Finny: The Origins of Pauline - Luke Acts and the Rhetoric of History. Pneumatology. 2005. Volume II/194. 2004. Volume II/l 75. Philonenko, Marc (Ed.): Le Trône de Dieu. Rüegger, Hans-Ulrich: Verstehen, was Markus 1993. Volume 69. erzählt. 2002. Volume H/155. Pilhofer, Peter: Presbyteron Kreitton. 1990. Rüger, Hans Peter: Die Weisheitsschrift aus Volume II/39. der Kairoer Geniza. 1991. Volume 53. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Sänger, Dieter: Antikes Judentum und die My- Spanje, T.E. van: Inconsistency in Paul? sterien. 1980. Volume 11/5. 1999. Volume II/HO. - Die Verkündigung des Gekreuzigten und Speyer, Wolfgang: Frühes Christentum im an- Israel. 1994. Volume 75. tiken Strahlungsfeld. Volume I: 1989. - see Burchard, Christoph Volume 50. Salier, Willis Hedley: The Rhetorical Impact of - Volume II: 1999. Volume 116. the Se-meia in the Gospel of John. 2004. Stadelmann, Helge: Ben Sira als Schriftge- Volume 11/186. lehrter. 1980. Volume II/6. Salzmann, Jorg Christian: Lehren und Er- Stenschke, Christoph W.: Luke's Portrait of mahnen. 1994. Volume 11/59. Gentiles Prior to Their Coming to Faith. Sandnes, Karl Olav: Paul - One of the Volume 11/108. Prophets? 1991. Volume H/43. Sterck-Degueldre, Jean-Pierre: Eine Frau na- Sato, Migaku: Q und Prophetie. 1988. mens Lydia. 2004. Volume H/176. Volume 11/29. Stettier, Christian: Der Kolosserhymnus. Schäfer, Ruth: Paulus bis zum Apostelkonzil. 2000. Volume II/!31. 2004. Volume 11/179. Stettier, Hanna: Die Christologie der Pastoral- Schapen Joachim: Eschatology in the Greek briefe. 1998. Volume 11/105. Psalter. 1995. Volume 11/76. Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel: The Impact of Yom Schimanowski, Gottfried: Die himmlische Li- Kippur on Early Christianity. 2003. turgie in der Apokalypse des Johannes. Volume 163. 2002. Volume 11/154. Strobel, August: Die Stunde der Wahrheit. - Weisheit und Messias. 1985. Volume 11/17. 1980. Volume 21. Schlichting, Günter: Ein jüdisches Leben Jesu. Stroumsa, Guy G.: Barbarian Philosophy. 1982. Volume 24. 1999. Volume 112. Schnabel, Eckhard J.: Law and Wisdom from Stuckenbruck, Loren T.: Angel Veneration and Ben Sira to Paul. 1985. Volume 11/16. Christology. 1995. Volume 11/70. Schnelle, Udo: see Frey, Jörg. Stuhlmacher, Peter (Ed.): Das Evangelium und Schröter, Jens: see Frey, Jörg. die Evangelien. 1983. Volume 28. Schutter, William L.: Hermeneutic and Com- - Biblische Theologie und Evangelium. position in I Peter. 1989. Volume 11/30. 2002. Volume 146. Schwartz, Daniel R. : Studies in the Jewish Sung, Chong-Hyon: Vergebung der Sünden. Background of Christianity. 1992. 1993. Volume 11/57. Volume 60. Tajra, Harry W.: The Trial of St. Paul. 1989. Schwemer, Anna Maria: see Hengel, Martin Volume 11/35. Scott, Ian W.: Implicit Epistemology in the - The Martyrdom of St.Paul. 1994. Letters of Paul. 2005. Volume ///205. Volume 11/67. Scott, James M. : Adoption as . Theißen, Gerd: Studien zur Soziologie des Ur- 1992. Volume 11/48. christentums. 1979,31989. Volume 19. - Paul and the Nations. 1995. Volume 84. Theobald, Michael: Studien zum Römerbrief. Shum, Shiu-Lun: Paul's Use of Isaiah in Ro- 2001. Volume 136. mans. 2002. Volume 11/156. Theobald, Michael: see Mußner, Franz. Siegert, Folker: Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Thornton, Claus-Jürgen: Der Zeuge des Zeu- Predigten. Teil I 1980. Volume 20- Teil II gen. 1991. Volume 56. 1992. Volume 61. Thüsing, Wilhelm: Studien zur neutestamentli- - Nag-Hammadi-Register. 1982. Volume 26. chen Theologie. Ed. von Thomas Söding. - Argumentation bei Paulus. 1985. Volume 34. 1995. Volume 82. - Philon von Alexandrien. 1988. Volume 46. Thurén, Lauri: Derhethorizing Paul. 2000. Simon, Marcel: Le christianisme antique Volume 124. et son contexte religieux I/II. 1981. Tolmie, D. Francois: Persuading the Galatians. Volume 23. 2005. Volume 11/190. Snodgrass, Klyne: The Parable of the Wicked Tomson, Peter J. and Doris Lambers-Petry Tenants. 1983. Volume 27. (Ed.): The Image of the Judaeo-Christians Söding, Thomas: Das Wort vom Kreuz. 1997. in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Volume 93. 2003. Volume 158. - see Thüsing, Wilhelm. Trebilco, Paul: The Early Christians in Ephesus Sommer, Urs: Die Passionsgeschichte des from Paul to Ignatius. 2004. Volume 166. Markusevangeliums. 1993. Volume 11/58. Treloar, Geoffrey R.: Lightfootthe Historian. Souèek, Josef B. : see Pokorny, Petr. 1998. Volume 11/103. Spangenberg, Volker: Herrlichkeit des Neuen Tsuji, Manabu: Glaube zwischen Vollkommen- Bundes. 1993. Volume II/55. heit und Verweltlichung. 1997. Volume 11/93. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Sänger, Dieter: Antikes Judentum und die My- Spanje, T.E. van: Inconsistency in Paul? sterien. 1980. Volume 11/5. 1999. Volume 11/110. - Die Verkündigung des Gekreuzigten und Speyer, Wolfgang: Frühes Christentum im an- Israel. 1994. Volume 75. tiken Strahlungsfeld. Volume I: 1989. - see Burchard, Christoph Volume 50. Salier, Willis Hedley: The Rhetorical Impact of - Volume II: 1999. Volume 116. the Se-meia in the Gospel of John. 2004. Stadelmann, Helge: Ben Sira als Schriftge- Volume 11/186. lehrter. 1980. Volume II/6. Salzmann, Jorg Christian: Lehren und Er- Stenschke, Christoph W.: Luke's Portrait of mahnen. 1994. Volume II/59. Gentiles Prior to Their Coming to Faith. Sandnes, Karl Olav: Paul - One of the Volume 11/108. Prophets? 1991. Volume 11/43. Sterck-Degueldre, Jean-Pierre: Eine Frau na- Sato, Migaku: Q und Prophetie. 1988. mens Lydia. 2004. Volume II/l 76. Volume 11/29. Stettier, Christian: Der Kolosserhymnus. Schäfer, Ruth: Paulus bis zum Apostelkonzil. 2000. Volume 11/131. 2004. Volume 11/179. Stettier, Hanna: Die Christologie der Pastoral- Schaper, Joachim: Eschatology in the Greek briefe. 1998. Volume 11/105. Psalter. 1995. Volume 11/76. Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel: The Impact of Yom Schimanowski, Gottfried: Die himmlische Li- Kippur on Early Christianity. 2003. turgie in der Apokalypse des Johannes. Volume 163. 2002. Volume 11/154. Strobel, August: Die Stunde der Wahrheit. - Weisheit und Messias. 1985. Volume H/17. 1980. Volume 21. Schlichting, Günter: Ein jüdisches Leben Jesu. Stroumsa, Guy G.: Barbarian Philosophy. 1982. Volume 24. 1999. Volume 112. Schnabel, Eckhard J. : Law and Wisdom from Stuckenbruck, Loren T.: Angel Veneration and Ben Sira to Paul. 1985. Volume 11/16. Christology. 1995. Volume II/70. Schnelle, Udo: see Frey, Jörg. Stuhlmacher, Peter (Ed.): Das Evangelium und Schröter, Jens: see Frey, Jörg. die Evangelien. 1983. Volume 28. Schutter, William L. : Hermeneutic and Com- - Biblische Theologie und Evangelium. position in I Peter. 1989. Volume 11/30. 2002. Volume ¡46. Schwartz, Daniel R.: Studies in the Jewish Sung, Chong-Hyon: Vergebung der Sünden. Background of Christianity. 1992. 1993. Volume II/57. Volume 60. Tajra, Harry W.: The Trial of St. Paul. 1989. Schwemer, Anna Maria: see Hengel, Martin Volume 11/35. Scott, Ian W.: Implicit Epistemology in the - The Martyrdom of St.Paul. 1994. Letters of Paul. 2005. Volume 11/205. Volume 11/67. Scott, James M. : Adoption as Sons of God. Theißen, Gerd: Studien zur Soziologie des Ur- 1992. Volume 11/48. christentums. 1979,31989. Volume 19. - Paul and the Nations. 1995. Volume 84. Theobald, Michael: Studien zum Römerbrief. Shum, Shiu-Lun: Paul's Use of Isaiah in Ro- 2001. Volume 136. mans. 2002. Volume 11/156. Theobald, Michael: see Mußner, Franz. Siegert, Folker: Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Thornton, Claus-Jürgen: Der Zeuge des Zeu- Predigten. Teil I 1980. Volume 20-Teil II gen. 1991. Volume 56. 1992. Volume 61. Thüsing, Wilhelm: Studien zur neutestamentli- - Nag-Hammadi-Register. 1982. Volume 26. chen Theologie. Ed. von Thomas Söding. - Argumentation bei Paulus. 1985. Volume 34. 1995. Volume 82. - Philon von Alexandrien. 1988. Volume 46. Thurén, Lauri: Derhethorizing Paul. 2000. Simon, Marcel: Le christianisme antique Volume 124. et son contexte religieux I/II. 1981. Tolmie, D. Francois: Persuading the Galatians. Volume 23. 2005. Volume 11/190. Snodgrass, Klyne: The Parable of the Wicked Tomson, Peter J. and Doris Lambers-Petry Tenants. 1983. Volume 27. (Ed.): The Image of the Judaeo-Christians Söding, Thomas: Das Wort vom Kreuz. 1997. in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Volume 93. 2003. Volume 158. - see Thüsing, Wilhelm. Trebilco, Paul: The Early Christians in Ephesus Sommer, Urs: Die Passionsgeschichte des from Paul to Ignatius. 2004. Volume 166. Markusevangeliums. 1993. Volume 11/58. Treloar, Geoffrey R.: Lightfoot the Historian. Souèek, Josef B. : see Pokorny, Petr. 1998. Volume 11/103. Spangenberg, Volker: Herrlichkeit des Neuen Tsuji, Manabu: Glaube zwischen Vollkommen- Bundes. 1993. Volume 11/55. heit und Verweltlichung. 1997. Volume 11/93. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Twelftree, Graham H.: Jesus the Exorcist. Wendt, Friederike (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, 1993. Volume 11/54. Annette. Urban, Christina: Das Menschenbild nach dem Wiarda, Timothy: Peter in the Gospels. 2000. Johannesevangelium. 2001. Volume 11/137. Volume 11/127. Visotzky, Burton L.: Fathers of the World. Wifstrand, Albert: Epochs and Styles. 2005. 1995. Volume 80. Volume 179. Vollenweider, Samuel: Horizonte neutesta- Wilk, Florian: see Walter, Nikolaus. mentlicher Christologie. 2002. Volume 144. Williams, Catrin H.: I am He. 2000. Vos, Johan S.: Die Kunst der Argumentation Volume 11/113. bei Paulus. 2002. Volume 149. Wilson, Walter T.: Love without Pretense. Wagener, Ulrike: Die Ordnung des „Hauses 1991. Volume H/46. Gottes". 1994. Volume 11/65. Wischmeyer, Oda: Von Ben Sira zu Paulus. Wahlen, Clinton: Jesus and the Impurity of 2004. Volume 173. Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels. 2004. Wisdom, Jeffrey: Blessing for the Nations and Volume 11/185. the Curse of the Law. 2001. Volume 11/133. Walker, Donald D.: Paul's Offer of Leniency Wold, Benjamin G.: Women, Men, and Angels. (2 Cor 10:1). 2002. Volume II/l52. 2005. Volume 11/2001. Walter, Nikolaus: Praeparatio Evangélica. Ed. Wright, Archie T.: The Origin of Evil Spirits. von Wolfgang Kraus und Florian Wilk. 2005. Volume 11/198. 1997. Volume 98. Wucherpfennig, Ansgar: Wander, Bernd: Gottesfurchtige und Sympa- Philologus. 2002. Volume 142. thisanten. 1998. Volume 104. Yeung, Maureen: Faith in Jesus and Paul. Watts, Rikki: Isaiah's New Exodus and Mark. 2002. Volume 11/147. 1997. Volume 11/88. Zimmermann, AlfredE.: Die urchristlichen Wedderburn, A.J.M.: Baptism and Lehrer. 1984,21988. Volume 11/12. Resurrection. 1987. Volume 44. Zimmermann, Johannes: Messianische Texte Wegner, Uwe: Der Hauptmann von ausQumran. 1998. Volume 11/104. Kafarnaum. 1985. Volume 11/14. Zimmermann, Ruben: Christologie der Bilder Weissenrieder, Annette: Images of Illness in the im Johannesevangelium. 2004. Volume 171. Gospel of Luke. 2003. Volume 11/164. - Geschlechtermetaphorik und Gottesver- —, Friederike Wendt and Petra von Gemünden hältnis. 2001. Volume 11/122. (Ed.): Picturing the New Testament. 2005. Zumstein, Jean: see Dettwiler, Andreas Volume 11/193. Zwiep, Arie W.: Judas and the Choice of Welck, Christian: Erzählte ,Zeichen'. 1994. Matthias. 2004. Volume U/187. Volume 11/69.

For a complete catalogue please write to the publisher Mohr Siebeck • P.O. Box 2030 • D-72010 Tubingen/Germany Up-to-date information on the internet at www.mohr.de