Hidayatul et al., Miss Emily’s Unfulfillment of love in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily 1
MISS EMILY’S UNFULFILLMENT OF LOVE IN WILLIAM FAULKNER’S A ROSE FOR EMILY (Keidakterpenuhan Cinta Miss Emily dalam Cerita Pendek A Rose for Emily Karya William Faulkner)
Hidayatul, Ikwan Setiawan, Meilia Adiana Department, Faculty of Letters, Jember University Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121 e-mail: senandungtimur @gmail.com Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang ketidakterpenuhan cinta yang dialami tokoh utama dalam cerita pendek A Rose for Emily karya William Faulkner. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arti cinta menurut persepsi tokoh utama, efek dari tidak terpenuhinya cinta yg dialami tokoh utama dan hubungan antara kehidupan pengarang sebagai pembuat karya sastra dengan karya sastranya yang berjudul A Rose for Emily. Kajian ini menggunakan teori Abraham H. Maslow tentang motivasi dan kepribadian bahwa seseorang akan terus berusaha dengan berbagai cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan hasaratnya. Didukung dengan teori Sigmund Freud dengan Eros dn Thanatosnya bahwa dalam diri setiap manusia memiliki insting untuk hidup dan insting untuk mati. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukan bahwa karakter Miss Emily menggambarkan seorang wanita yang menjadi stres setelah ayahnya meninggal dan menjadi semakin depresi setelah seorang bernama Baron yang begitu dicintainya ternyata adalah seorang laki-laki yang tidak berkomitmen pada sebuah pernikahan. Miss Emily menjadi berani setelah ayahnya meninggal, menujukkan betapa tangguhnya dia menjadi wanita mandiri hingga memiliki keberanian menjadi seorang pembunuh demi memenuhi keinginanya. Kepribadian mandiri yang kuat yang dimiliki oleh Miss Emily memiliki beberapa kesamaan dengan karakter dari ibu sang pengarang.
Kata kunci: eros, pengarang, motivasi dan kepribadian, tokoh utama, thanatos.
Abstract
This article discusses the unfulfillment of love experienced by the main character in the short story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. The purpose of this study is to know the meaning of love by the main character, the effect of unfulfillment of love that experienced by the main character and the relationship between the author's life as a creator literary works with his work A Rose for Emily. This study uses the theory by Abraham H. Maslow that is Motivation and Personality that someone will keep trying in various ways to fulfill his needs. Supported theory by Sigmund Freud with Eros and Thanatos that every human being has life instinct and death instinct. The results of this study shows that the character of Miss Emily depicts a woman who became stressed after his father died and became increasingly depressed after a man named Baron whom she loves is a man who does not commit on a marriage. The independent of Miss Emily after his father died, shows how woman have a courage to become a murderer in order to fulfill her desire. A strong character owned by Miss Emily has some similarities with the character of the author's mother.
Keywords: eros, the authors, motivation and personality, main character, thanatos.
Introduction characterized by grotesque, or fantastic incidents. The Southern Gothic movement in literature brings the atmosphere and sensibilities of the Gothic, genre originating in late 18th century England, to the American South. William Faulkner’s short story entitled A Rose for Emily Southern Gothic literature is built on the traditions of the is included in the Southern Gothic genre. The Editors of larger Gothic genre, typically including supernatural Encyclopedia Britannica (2014) states that Southern Gothic elements, and mental illness. is a style of writing practiced by many writers of the One of his short stories A Rose for Emily published on American South whose stories set in that region is April 30, 1930 is categorized as Southern Gothic genre. The
Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2016 Hidayatul et al., Miss Emily’s Unfulfillment of love in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily 2 story takes place in Faulkner’s fictional city that is Lafayette Qualitative research is used to explain and explore the County, Jefferson, Mississippi. The short story is a source information and the facts. The required data in this for film and song, including actress Anjelica Huston in the qualitative research are the narrations and statements form. same title A Rose for Emily, first released in October 1983. This research method is used to analyze the process Miss This short story tells about the unfulfillment of love of Emily becomes an abnormal person because of her Miss Emily. This unfulfillment of love makes her doing personality as the impact of her father’s death and Baron abnormal behavior. It happens after her father’s death. Miss rejects on marriage in the short story A Rose for Emily by Emily as a figure of traditional old South has to maintain William Faulkner. the tradition. But on the other side she is just a woman who Every research always has a way to collect the data that is needs love and beloved. Therefore, she does the abnormal used in the process of analyzing. Blaxter, et al, (2006: 154) behavior by killing Baron and keeping his corpse in her stated that documentary method is a method in collecting room. She sleeps with the corpse until she died. In her life, data by using written materials as a basis for the research. It Miss Emily does not feel a sense of belonging and owned can be very useful techniques for collecting data in which by his father. She was isolated from the community by her father. This happens because her father is a former of the records of the previous research and the material are fighters. Therefore his father made an order that Miss considered as the source of particular topic. Emily was not allowed to interact with people. There are two data that are used in this research. The first The Theory of Personality and Motivation by Abraham is primary data about Miss Emily’s abnormal behavior taken Harold Maslow is needed for the analysis. Then this in the narration and statement from short story A Rose for analysis is also supported by the theory of Eros and Emily by William Faulkner. And the secondary data are all Thanatos by Sigmund Freud. According to Maslow (1970), information about theory of motivation and personality by there are five stages in Hierarchy Theory of Needs. The Abraham H. Maslow, and the theory Eros and Thanatos by first is Physiological Needs. In the second phase, called the Sigmund Freud, the biography of William Faulkner, and the Safety Needs. The next stage is Belongingness and Love previous researches that are taken from thesis, books, Needs. The fourth stage is Esteem Needs, and the last stage journals, and websites. The data from A Rose for Emily will is Self-actualization Needs. be sorted by close reading and taking some notes for This discussion is interesting because the short story important information and something related to the topic. describes the unfulfillment of love of Miss Emily as the The data of A Rose for Emily will be connected with the main character. Since her love is not fulfilled, Miss Emily theory of personality and motivation by Abraham H. Maslow does the abnormal behavior. There are three factors the and Eros and Thanatos by Sigmund Freud. Then the data love of Miss Emily is not fulfilled and make her do the from A Rose for Emily will be classified by choosing the abnormal behavior. They are family condition, Miss statements and dialogue related to the unfulfillment of love Emily’s personality, and the social condition. The of Miss Emily. The data are also taken from books, websites, unfulfillment of love of Miss Emily is interesting because journal, thesis as the source of the material that related to the the main character in the short story is a woman who is topic. commonly considered weak. In opposite, Miss Emily is brave to do uncommon action; she kills a person named Shaw (1972: 107) inductive method a process of general Baron. Miss Emily kills Baron because he is a man that thinking that sets out from particular data to general related does not want to commit marriage. This situation portrays to the story. In this thesis, the research begins with the the woman who has the courage to break the rules of analysis of A Rose for Emily’s short story. Firstly, the woman that is weak, tender, and full of love. Besides, the analysis particularly starts from analyzing love experienced topic the unfulfillment of love is also interesting because by Miss Emily as the main character through personal when the love of human is not fulfilled they will do description, and dialogue. The second is to analyze the anything to fill it although the last way is by killing her or effect of the unfulfilled of love in Miss Emily’s life because his lover. of the personality of Miss Emily, family’s condition or This research has three problem, they are love for Emily, childhood, and social factors that is the town’s people and the effect of unfulfillment of love, and the relation between Homer Barron. The third step in analyzing goes to the the authors and his work. The purposes of this research are particular problems of William Faulkner as the author to find the meaning of love by the main character, the effect related to the problem of the main character in the short of unfulfillment of love, and the relation between the life of story. Once again, the primary data will be analyzed by the authors as the creator of literary work and his work. using the theory of Personality and Motivation by Abraham H. Maslow and Eros and Thanatos by Sigmund Freud. Then the conclusion is drawn as the general reasoning of this thesis. Methodology
Result The type of research is qualitative research. Descombe (2007: 248) states that qualitative research tends to be associated with words or images as the unit of analysis.
Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2016 Hidayatul et al., Miss Emily’s Unfulfillment of love in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily 3
The discussion resulted several information which prove When we next saw Miss Emily, she had psychology of literature is the study of the literary works grown fat and her hair was turning gray. related to the author. As the evidence, A Rose for Emily by During the next few years it grew grayer and William Faulkner has similarity with the part of Faulkner’s grayer until it attained an even pepper-and- life. The short story tells about Miss Emily as the main salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to character who kills a person whom she loves as the solution the day of her death at seventy-four it was to her problem. She kills Baron and keeps the corpse with still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of her until she was 70 years old. Miss Emily does this because an active man (Faulkner, 1930: 4) she wants Baron becomes hers even though Baron does not love her. These statements above as the proof that Miss Emily used her arsenic to kill Homer Baron and she keeps his corpse with her about 30 years. Freud said this condition in Disccussion human being is Thanatos instinct. According Freud, Thanatos instinct is the death instinct. This instinct tends to destruct her or others and make the condition better than before for the actor of thanatos instinct itself (1990). In her life Miss Emily has a fairly wealth and be treated According to Freud Thanatos instinct is preferred when like a goddess. But love is her life is never fulfilled from his people has big problem in their life. People tend to solve father and also from the person she loves. Although his their problem by killing their enemy or kill themselves by father loves her very much, Miss Emily feels that her father suicide. People who are frustrated and depressed always does not love her and it hurts her. The behavior of his father, think that death is the good way to solve the problem. who forbids her to socialize with any person, Miss Emily Faulkner and his father never had a very good considers this is not as a form of love of a father, but the relationship. He and his mother, though, were very close. form of restraint. Maud as a painters and photographers gave him his love of Actually, Miss Emily's father forbids her to socialize just art and literature. She influenced Faulkner more than because she is a woman who is in the middle social status. anyone else with her strong independence (Zane : 3-4) Miss Emily's father, the former of the post-world war II Other characters are the same as those in Faulkner's life fighter has particularly social status above the common was his grandfather William Clark Falkner, also known as society. So for him, not all men can interact with his the Old Colonel who was the inspiration for the character daughter. This is done by her father because he wants to of Colonel Sartoris who have great influence in the short keep her out of bad things that will hurt her. Indeed, Miss story A Rose for Emily. Faulkner also added that some Emily just feels that his decision makes her uncomfortable character named Emily as his cousin Mary Louise Nelson, and she thinks his father does not love her. In the beginning who had married a Yankee street paver named Jack Barron (Gale,1997). (Blythe : 193) believes that Emily is it is known that Miss Emily has obsessed with the friendly humiliated when she discovers that Baron has simply used attitude of Baron. It is known when the people comment that her to keep the community from discovering his true Miss Emily will marry him and she will persuade him. The homosexual nature. He also stated that once again Faulkner people do not say that Baron will marry her, but she will has used sexual deviation to indicate the decay of old South marry him. Besides, people believe Baron has the feeling Tradition. (Fatterley : 195) state that within her patriarchal with man. This fact breaks Miss Emily’s hope. She has society, Emily suffers the most injury from being forced prepared everything for marriage but then she cannot fulfill into the position of “lady”. Emily, however, uses this her needs of love and the marriage is failed. stereotype to gain power over those who place her in this role. It is believes that Faulkner used his mother’s strong Then we noticed that in the second pillow and independent attitude as the basis for Emily Grierson. was the indentation of a head. One of us Aside from the reasons Faulkner write the story A Rose lifted something from it, and leaning for Emily with various characters inspired by the people forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and around him, he also experienced this level of the pyramid acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of needs as experienced a fictional character Miss Emily. iron gray hair (Faulkner, 1930: 5) Maslow (1970) stated that physiological needs is the basic needs exist in human being. Such us food, drink, love. After It can be guessed that the person who slept beside him is the basic Needs is fulfilled the next needs are Safety Needs, Miss Emily. The fact is that there is iron gray hair in the bed. Belongingness and Love Needs, Self-Esteem Needs, and This iron gray hair is the hair of Miss Emily when she the last Self-Actualization Needs (Maslow, 1970 : 37). At became old. Finally, all secrets in Miss Emily’s house are physiological needs, Faulkner entire basic needs are opened. The fact is that about 30 years Miss Emily slept fulfilled by his mother who loved him very much. So the with Baron’s corpse. Another is Miss Emily bought the second level of the pyramid of hierarchy of need by arsenic not to kill her after her love is rejected by Baron, but Abraham Harold Maslow is a safety need that is fulfilled by to kill Baron. his mother and his friends in the school. Faulkner is a smart child so he has many friends. But because he already likes the world of poetry and literature, he began to forget the
Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2016 Hidayatul et al., Miss Emily’s Unfulfillment of love in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily 4 lessons and just focus on making a poem, so that its value who always supports and gives me some advice during my fell and did not graduate high school. study. All the lecturers Faculty of Letters, Jember University After finally released a few years later he decided to who have delivered their knowledge during my study in this work in a wood shop belonging to his grandfather as a faculty. The staff of Central Library and the Library of clerk. There he falls in love with a woman who also worked Faculty of Letters , Jember University who have given me there named Estelle Oldham and finally they decided to their service and opportunity to me to borrow some start dating. In the third phase, Belongingness and Love references of this thesis. May Allah SWT reward them for Needs, Faulkner tried to propose Estelle Oldham as his their kindness and sincerity with the proper ones. I wish wife, but in fact Estelle Oldham betrays him. Estelle dates them all the best. other men named Franklin while he and Faulkner were dating. And it turns out Estelle has been proposed by Franklin who is the son of a friend of his parents. His Bibliography parents more blessed Estelle with Franklin because he graduates and his family status is same. At this stage Faulkner failed to fulfill his needs, so the Self-Esteem and Self-Actualization Needs are not fulfilled as same as Miss [1] Allport, Gordon. W. 1937. Personality: A psychological Emily. interpretation. New York: Holt. But unlike Miss Emily who fulfill her desire by killing a loved one to save his corpse, Faulkner wreak his [2] Atkinson, Rita L, et al., 1996. Pengantar Psikologi I, unfulfillment of love by stop working and start to continue Jakarta: Edisi Kedelapan, Erlangga. make literary works. He has good skills in writing because since childhood he has been introduced in the literature by [3] Blaxter, Loraine., Hughes, Christina., and Tight, his mother, and heard stories about war and politics from Malcom. 2006. How To Research. Third Edition.New his grandfather. The short story A Rose for Emily is York: Open University Press. included as one picture of himself and a few people around, [4] Clark, David Stafford. 1997. What Freud Really Said, as well as criticism the old south tradition at that time An Introduction to His Life and Thought. New York: (http://www.biography.com/people/william-faulkner- Shocken Book. 9292252). [5] Descombe, Martin. 2007. The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects. Poland: Open University Press. Conclusion [6] Eagleton, Terry. 2008. Literary Theory An Introduction, United States: Anniversary Edition, The University of Minnesota Press. The analysis of the unfulfillment from the main character’s [7] Freud, Sigmund. 1961. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. love has shown the relation between William Faulkner’s Canada: Penguin Books Canada. Ltd. life and his work. Unfulfillment of love in this short story is shown by Miss Emily, the main character, who always gets [8] Guerin, Wilfred L., et al., 1979. A Handbook of Critical what she needs as a human being by her father. But the bad Approaches To Literature, New York: Harper & Row situation is that she does not get love from her father by the Pubhliser. meaning of love according her. Her father shows his love [9] Hilgard, Ernest R., et al., 1975. Introduction to by protecting her. But the fact Miss Emily feels this is not Psychological, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. love as what she wants. The fact is that all people need love and to be loved by [10]Hornby, A.S. 1995. Oxford Advance Learner’s another people. When they cannot get what they want, all Dictionary. Fifth Edition. Oxford University Press. the way to get this are accepted. Even they must kill a [11]Maslow, Abraham. 1970. Motivation and Personality. person. Nowadays kills person is very common to do New York: Harper & Row. whether a man or woman. Sometimes love is just a way to kill someone to fulfill his obsession. Miss Emily gets her [12]Minderop, Albertine. 2010. Psikologi Sastra: Karya love in unusual way but she thinks that it is the only love Sastra, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus. Jakarta: she can give to others. Yayasan Pusat Obor Indonesia. [13] Scott, Wilbur. 1962. Five Approaches of Literary Criticism. London: Collier Macmillan, Ltd. Acknowledgment [14]Shaw, Harry. 1972. Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company. [15]Wellek, Rene and Austin Waren. 1956. Theory of I would like to send my gratitude to the following people Literature. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc who have given their supports and help in writing of the thesis. Dra. Meilia Adiana, M.Pd as my academic supervisor
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[16] Young, P. V. 1982. Scientific Social Surveys and Research. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
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