Term All about Spain's geography Living thingsProject 1 Water resources 1 Listen and read. Why don’t we buy Laura has one and an inflatable pool? she loves it! She doesn’t need to go to I don’t think it’s the local swimming pool. good for the environment! You need litres of water to fill a pool. I don’t think we should all have one. We need water for other important things in the world! Big Question WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WATER ON OUR PLANET? 6 6 Action Explore around you Think about the importance of water in your daily life and what you use it for. Bring examples to class, and find newspaper cuttings about places where the lack of water is causing problems. What can we do to help? You can make a documentary to tell people about the problems related to water resources in your Autonomous Community. How are you going to do it? Work in groups on the following tasks: MAKE A CHANGE 1 MAKE A CHANGE 2 MAKE A CHANGE 3 MAKING THE CHANGE 7 My learning adventure trailer (video) 1 The relief of Spain What do you know about ...? Plan your film. 5 Population 6 Population changes in Spain 8 Term 1 All about Spain’s geography Coastal relief 2 Look for information. Cantabrian Sea F R A NCE ANDORRA L A G U T R a e O S n P a e n a r r t e ATLANTIC i e d M Climates OCEAN Oceanic Mountain Inland Mediterranean Coastal Mediterranean Dry Mediterranean Subtropical 4 Climate and landscapes of Spain 3 The rivers of Spain A CHAN KE GE A 3 M Film your Migratory movements Population density 7 8 documentary. What do you need to know? 9 1 The relief of Spain Let’s get started You see a poster in a travel agent’s window, in London. It says: Sensational summer holidays in Spain! The land of spectacular beaches and magnificent historical monuments. Located on the Iberian Peninsula, Spain has a warm climate and low rainfall all year. It’s no surprise that Spain is the second most visited country in the world! Find the mistakes in the text above and answer the questions below. 1. Is all of Spain’s territory on the Iberian Peninsula? Look at the Atlantic Ocean satellite image on the right and name the territories that are not. 2. The poster mentions ‘spectacular beaches’. But is Spain also a mountainous country? Can you name any mountain ranges? 3. What about the information on Spain’s climate? Is this completely true? Why, or why not? The Canary Islands are in the Atlantic Ocean, close Watch the video to find out more about the relief of Spain. to the west coast of Africa. They are of volcanic origin. Let’s understand The relief of Spain Spain’s position on the European continent determines its relief. The main characteristics of the land relief in Spain are: High average altitude. Spain is Varied coast. Spain has nearly five thousand kilometres of coastline one of the most mountainous and this is very varied. Some areas have sandy beaches and other areas countries in Europe. have rocky cliffs. Pause Explain the concept of ‘compared to sea level’ to the classmate next to you. 10 Term 1 All about Spain’s geography The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded on three sides by water: the Cantabrian and Mediterranean Seas and the Atlantic Ocean. Cantabrian Sea The Balearic Islands are in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Sea There are also 2 Spanish cities in the north of Africa: Ceuta and Melilla. Wall effect. The mountain ranges around the Slope of the Meseta. The Meseta slopes down in Meseta act as a wall. This means that humid air the direction of the Atlantic Ocean. That is why from the sea can’t reach the interior. many Spanish rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean. Glossary slope: inclination. travel agent’s: a service that organises and sells holidays. 11 1 The relief of Spain Main landforms Punta da Estaca de Bares Cabo de Peñas Cantabrian Sea Cabo de Ajo co ai á b r i c a Cabo de Fisterra al r a C a n t 8 P o G d i l l e tes Vasc y r N ciz C o r on os e n Ma n M e e s eó 4 o S l L ñ 3 i e D Aneto Cabo de Creus A i d s PÁRAMO 7 e M e p t LEONÉS E r (3,404 m) n b e o S r s a E o n 3 M i i ó a eseta nor s n al ubm te at S t d 9 C C e e ra Due m l te ro os a E a C b er O r ill l I o rd Delta del Llobregat a b Co tr S é LA BERZOSA 2 n e r rr i e a C n c a í o Delta del Ebro a ds em Sierra de LA ALCARRIA d C t n is e a Menorca S Guadarrama C 5 l u Is I s Sierra de Gredo e n ic 1 c r Ta a T jo a le Montes d Golfo de Valencia a Mallorca N e Tole LA MANCHA B do Júcar 11 r A iana Guad su Ibiza eta L s TIERRA DE bme Cabo de BARROS Su gu la Nao Formentera T Se ra 6 orena A ra M ivir tica ier alqu bbé S d Su 10 Gua a a l G er Cabo de Palos de en ll ica e n il i bét ió ir d ni s v r e S e i o P pr qu C ra e al lle Golfo de D ad rdi Mulhacén n Cádiz Gu Co a (3,479 m) e Canary Islands Cabo de Gata n Cabo a La Palma Lanzarote Sacratif r 12 r Tenerife altar e Gibr t Fuerteventura t of trai i La Gomera Teide S e d (3,715 m) M El Hierro Gran Canaria the Meseta Central and its mountains Mountains around the Meseta Central 1. The Meseta Central. It has an average 3. The Montes de León and the Macizo altitude of 650 metres. It occupies the Galaico to the northwest. The Teleno is the centre of the Peninsula. highest elevation at 2,188 metres. 2. The Sistema Central. The highest peak here 4. The Cordillera Cantábrica to the north. is the Pico Almanzor, at 2, 591 metres. It The Torre Cerredo is the highest peak, at divides the Meseta in two halves: 2, 648 metres. • The Submeseta Norte. The river Duero 5. The Sistema Ibérico to the northeast. The flows across the Submeseta Norte. Moncayo is the highest peak, at 2, 313 • The Submeseta metres. Sur. The Montes 6. Sierra Morena de Toledo cross to the south. It the Submeseta separates the Sur. They separate Meseta from the the river valleys of Guadalquivir the Tajo and the river valley. Guadiana. 12 Term 1 All about Spain’s geography Mountains outside the Meseta Central 11. The Balearic Islands to the 7. The Montes Vascos to the north. east, in the 8. The Pyrenees to the north of the Ebro Mediterranean valley. They form a natural border Sea. The main between Spain and France. The highest landform here peak is the Aneto, at 3, 404 metres. is the Sierra de 9. The Cordillera Costera Catalana to the Tramontana on northeast. the island of Mallorca. 10. The Sistemas Béticos. They are formed by the Cordillera Subbética and the Cordillera Penibética, where we find 12. The Canary the Mulhacén, the highest peak on the Islands opposite Peninsula, at 3, 481 metres. the northwest coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. These islands have a volcanic origin. The Teide, a volcano on the island of Tenerife, is the highest peak in Spain, at 3, 718 metres. Let’s practise 2 1 Listen to the conversation. The girl makes three factual mistakes. Correct them in your notebook. 2 In pairs, describe a mountain or island in Spain that you have visited or that you would like to visit. 3 3 Listen and then list Spain’s peaks from the lowest to the highest, in your notebook. 4 In pairs, answer the following questions. a. Which seas and oceans surround the Iberian Peninsula? The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded by the ... Glossary b. Which mountain range forms a natural border between Spain border: the frontier separating and France? two countries. The ... form a natural border ... peak: the pointed top of a mountain. 5 Do the challenge. 13 2 Coastal relief Let’s get started Look at the pictures of two areas of coastline in Spain. What are the main differences? In both landscapes, the forces of waves and tides were important factors in their formation. Why are they so different, then? Make a list of possible theories and discuss them as a class. Watch the video to explore the contrasts of the Spanish coastline. Let’s understand Coastal regions The coast is what we call the area of land next to the sea. Spain’s coasts are divided into three areas: Cantabrian, Atlantic and Mediterranean. The type of coastal relief we find in a particular area is the result of many factors. These include erosion by waves, wind and rain and also any sediments rivers deposit as they flow to the river mouth.