Energy Conservation Support / Power Supplies / Sensors Switches Safety Components Relays Control Components Automation Systems Motion / Drives Environment Measure Equipment In Addition Others Common 1 act structure act structure that CSM_MicroSwitch_TG_E_3_2 Contact section Securely opens and closes the electrical circuit. anism andanism with a cont Terminal section Terminal Connects to external cir- Connects to external cuits. a case with an actuator provided on the exterior of the case. the of exterior the on provided actuator an with case a Typical Switch Basic Structural Diagram of very small contactsmall gap very and snap-action mech

Snap-action mechanism Performs a snap action us- Performs ing a superior conductive spring.

Case

Actuator Transfers external move- external Transfers to the in- ment and force ternal mechanism. Protects the internal mechanism with superior electrical insulation and mechanical strength. Technical Explanation for Basic Switches Basic for Explanation Technical What Is a Basic Switch? What Is Switch a is a small switch with A Basic Introduction specifiedaspecified movement andswitches for force enclosed in The followingexample.as is shown Basic Switch structure an comprisedmainlyBasic Switches are five components. of Technical Explanation for Basic Switches Explanation of Terms General Terms Sensors (1) General Terms (3) Terms Related to Durability Basic Switch: A small-size switch with a very small contact gap and Mechanical Durability: The switching durability when a switch is snap-action mechanism and with a contact structure that switches by operated at a specified frequency and specified overtravel (OT) a specified movement and specified force enclosed in a case with an without the contacts energized. actuator provided on the exterior of the case. (Basic switches are Electrical Durability: The switching durability when a switch is often referred to as merely "switches" in this catalog.) operated at a specified frequency and specified overtravel (OT) under wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches Switch with Contacts: A type of switch that achieves the switching the rated load. function through the mechanical switching of contacts. Use as opposed to a semiconductor switch with switch characteristics. (4) Standard Test Conditions Contact Form: The structure of the electrical I/O circuits of contacts Switches are tested under the following conditions. used according to the type of application. (Refer to Contact Form Ambient temperature: 20 ± 2°C table later in this section.) Relative humidity: 65 ± 5%RH Ratings: Value generally used as a reference for ensuring the Atmospheric pressure: 101.3 kPa characteristics and performance of switches, such as the rated current and rated voltage. Ratings are given assuming specific (5) N-level Reference Value conditions (such as the type of load, current, voltage, and frequency). The N-level reference value indicates the failure rate of the switch. Resin Filled (Molded Terminal): A terminal which is filled with resin The following formula indicates that the failure rate is 1/2,000,000 at after being connected to the internal circuit of the switch with a lead to a reliability level of 60% (λ60). eliminate exposed current-carrying metal parts and thereby to λ60 = 0.5 × 10–6/operations enhance the drip-proof properties of the switch. Insulation Resistance: The resistance between discontinuous (6) Contact Shape and Type terminals, between terminals and non-current-carrying metal parts, Main Processing Main Shape Type and between terminals and ground. material method application Dielectric Strength: The threshold value up to which insulation will Crossbar contacts are used for not be destroyed when a high voltage is applied for 1 minute to a ensuring high contact reliability for predetermined measurement location. switching micro loads. Contact Resistance: The electrical resistance of the contact point of Gold The moving contact and fixed contact Crossbar alloy come in contact with each other at a right contacts. Generally, the contact resistance includes the conductive angle. Crossbar contacts are made with contact Silver resistance of the spring or terminal section. materials that environment-resistant, alloy such as gold alloy. Vibration Resistance: In order to ensure excellent contact Malfunction: The range of vibration for which closed contacts will not reliability, bifurcated crossbar contacts may be used. Motion / Drives Automation Systems open for longer than a specific time when vibration is applied to a switch currently in operation. Needle contacts are used for ensuring Shock Resistance: improvement in contact reliability for switching loads, such as relays. Destruction: The range of shock for which the components of the A needle contact is made from a rivet Needle Silver switch will not be damaged and for which operating characteristics Welding contact by reducing the bending radius of the rivet contact to approximately 1 mm are maintained when mechanical shock is applied to a switch during or riveting for the purpose of improving the contact transportation or installation. pressure per unit area.

Malfunction: The range of shock for which closed contacts will not Rivet contacts are used in a wide open for longer than a specific time when shock is applied to a switch application range from standard to currently in operation. high-capacity loads. The fixed rivet contact is usually Silver processed so that it has a groove to (2) Terms for Configuration and Structure Silver eliminate compounds that may be Rivet plated generated as a result of switching. Energy Conservation Support / Switch Configuration and Structure Furthermore, to prevent the oxidation or Environment Measure Equipment Silver alloy sulfidization of the silver contacts while Operating Body Gold plated the switch is stored, the contacts may A part of a machine or equipment, such as be gold-plated. a cam or dog, which operates the actuator Contacts made with silver alloy are of the switch. used for switching high current, such as the current supplied to TV sets. Actuator An actuator is a part of the switch and is a gener- (7) Contact Gap ic term that includes The contact gap is either 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.8 mm. The contact gap

pushbuttons and levers. Power Supplies / External force imposed on is a design goal. Check the contact gap of the switch to be used if a In Addition the actuator is relayed to minimum contact gap is required. The standard contact gap is 0.5 the internal spring mecha- nism, thus moving the mm. Even for the same switch configuration, the smaller the contact moving contact to turn the gap of a switch mechanism is, the less the movement differential (MD) switch ON or OFF. is and the more sensitivity and longer durability the switch has. Such a switch cannot ensure, however, excellent switching performance, Contact Gap A distance between the fixed con- vibration resistance, or shock resistance. tact and moving contact when they A switch becomes less sensitive when the movement differential (MD) are separated from each other, Others thus enabling switching operation. increases along with the contact gap due to the wear and tear of the Mounting Hole contacts as a result of current switching operations. If a switch with a

Switch Case Moving Contact Terminals contact gap of 0.25 mm is used for its high sensitivity, it will be necessary Also called the housing. Also called a moving spring. A Section where electrical to minimize the switching current in order to prevent the wear and tear of Protects the switch mech- part of a mechanism for touch- wires are connected for input anism. ing or separating from the fixed and output of the switch. the contacts as a result of current switching operations. contact. A switch with a wide contact gap excels in vibration resistance, shock

resistance, and switching performance. Common

For information on the MD (movement differential), refer to the terms related to operating characteristics (page 4).

2 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

Operating Accuracy Vibration Character Contact DC force and and and shock Feature Sensors NC contacts displayed gap switching movement durability resistance Moving contact 0.25 High precision and H Minimal mm long durability Contact gap 0.50 General-purpose G Short NO contacts mm applications 1.00 Performance level F Medium Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches mm between G and E 1.80 Highly vibration and E Long mm shock resistive

:Excellent :Good :Ordinary :Inferior

(8) Snap-action Mechanism A snap-action mechanism is the mechanism by which the moving As shown in the following figure on the Switch force relationship, contact quickly moves from one fixed contact to another fixed contact compression spring counterforce F1 is at equilibrium because of with minimal relation to the speed at which the switch is operated. If forces F2 and F0 at the free position where no external force is applied the handle of a knife switch, for example, is moved quickly, the action to the actuator. F0 is the force at which moving contact C is pushed to is referred to as quick, but the mechanism by which the speed at the other contact, fixed contact B. which the handle is moved directly correlates to the movement speed Next, force is applied to a part of the pulling spring through the of the contacts is referred to as slow-action movement rather than actuator, the pulling spring is displaced, forces F1 and F2 at point N snap-action movement. The faster the contact switching speed, the progressively increase until the two angles together approach 180°, shorter the connection time for arcing generated between the and eventually equilibrium is reached with only F1 and F2, i.e., F0 = 0. contacts. Between the free point and the point where F0 = 0, a bending action As a result, contact wear and damage are reduced, and stable works to move the contact horizontally, and the compression spring is characteristics can be maintained. At this switching speed, however, even further bent. in addition to mechanical limits, there is a limit to the speed that is From the position where F0 = 0, a minute displacement applied to the effective to reduce arcing (i.e., economical speed). In particular, if the pulling spring because of external force produces a force in the switching speed is too high when the circuit is open, the increased opposite direction, F0, the strong force of the maximally bent collision energy of the moving and fixed contacts will cause bouncing, compression spring sharply pushes moving spring C downward, and and the arcing that is generated will produce marked wear on the moving spring C transfers to the opposing fixed contact A by crossing

contacts and contact welding may render the circuit unable to open. open space. Motion / Drives Automation Systems To perform this quick action, a spring mechanism is used. The spring Basic Switches use these operating principles to perform contact mechanism generally uses a dead point, which is the critical action switching at a switching speed (i.e., opening speed) specific to the point when one condition changes in a springing manner to another switch, regardless of the speed of the force with which the pulling condition. spring is pushed. The position at which F0 = 0 is referred to as the The following figure shows an example of a snap-action mechanism operating position, which nearly corresponds with the position at that combines the pulling spring and the compression spring of a which a part of the pulling spring passes through the dead point. Basic Switch. The same operating principles apply if a releasing operation is The following section provides a description of the operating performed when the external force is removed. The driving force, principles of the snap-action mechanism for double-throw Z-series however, will be the opposing force of the bent spring. Switches

Operating Principles of Basic Switches Using Pulling Spring and Compression Spring Energy Conservation Support / Environment Measure Equipment Condition Force relation Double-throw Double-throw Double-break Switch operating condition (Z Switch) Position (Z Switch) (Z Switch) (V Switch) (WL Switch)

Fixed contact B No external force Fixed end N Pulling spring F0 F1 Free F2 position Compression spring N Hook Fixed contact A Power Supplies /

Moving contact C In Addition

External force External External force force External force N F1 Operating F0 = 0 position F2 N Others

External force External External force force Total travel N F1 External force F2 position

N F0 Common

3 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

(9) Contact Resistance vs. Contacting Force

The contact resistance depends on the contacting force. The Sensors following figure shows the relationship. The contacting resistance becomes stable (i.e., smaller) as the contacting strength increases. Conversely, the contacting resistance becomes unstable (i.e., larger) as the contacting strength decreases. Contact Resistance vs. Contacting Force wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches Contact resistance

Contacting force

(10) Terms Related to Operating Characteristics

Definitions of Operating Characteristics Classification Term Abbreviation Unit Dispersion Definition The force applied to the actuator required to Operating OF N Max. operate the switch contacts from the free Force position to the operating position. The value to which the force on the actuator Releasing Force RF N Min. must be reduced to allow the contacts to Force return to the normal position. uoainSsesMotion / Drives Automation Systems The force required for the actuator to reach Total Travel TTF N the total travel position from the free Force position. Releasing position The distance or angle through which the mm or Free position Pretravel PT Max. actuator moves from the free position to the Operating position degrees operating position. RF The distance or angle of the actuator OF mm or RT Overtravel OT Min. movement beyond the operating position to PT degrees TTF MD the total travel position. TT Travel OT The distance or angle of the actuator from Movement mm or MD Max. the operating position to the releasing Differential degrees FP position. RP OP The distance or angle of the actuator TTP mm or Energy Conservation Support / Total Travel TT movement from the free position to the total Environment Measure Equipment Total travel position degrees travel position. Free mm or The initial position of the actuator when no FP Max. Position degrees external force is applied. Z Center of switch mounting hole The position of the actuator at which the Operating mm or contacts snap to the operated contact OP ± Position degrees position when external force is applied from Position the free position. The position of the actuator at which the Power Supplies / Releasing mm or In Addition RP contacts snap from the operated contact Position degrees position to their free position. Total Travel mm or The position of the actuator when it reaches TTP Position degrees the stopper.

Example of Fluctuation: Example: Z-15G-B with Operating Force of 2.45 to 3.43 N The above means that each switch sample operates with a maximum operating force (OF) of 3.43 N when increasing the OF imposed on the actuator from 0. For information of setting the switch stroke, refer to 1. Operating Stroke Setting on page 4 of Safety Precautions for All Basic Switches. Others Common

4 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

(11) Force vs. Stroke vs. Contacting Force time here derives from the contact resistance instability due to

The operating contact wiping and the decrease in contacting force Sensors characteristics of Basic immediately before the contact reversal described above. OF Switches are expressed The reverse time derives from the mechanical reversing of the in terms of force vs. Forward movement snap-action mechanism. Bounce time derives from the stroke. The figure at the bouncing that occurs when the moving contact collides with RF right shows this Force Return movement the fixed contact. During the unstable time and bounce time, relationship. The stroke the contacts become heated, which causes contact Control Components welding Relays Safety Components Switches (i.e., actuator and may result in incorrect operation of the electronic circuit movement) is given on FP RP OP TTP for connections made with the electronic circuit. The Basic the horizontal axis and Stroke the force applied to the Switches are therefore designed to minimize unstable time PT MD OT actuator is given on the and bounce time. vertical axis. The NC 1 mA or 100 mA 1 mA or 100 mA following describes the FP characteristics of Basic Contacting strength NC NO Switches. Reverse Basic Switch 6 to 8 VDC 6 to 8 VDC 1. The operating Reverse Stroke position (OP) and + NO releasing position Resistance Memory scope (RP) of the switch − can be determined because the switch makes a switching sound Operating time as the force Force vs. Stroke vs. Contacting Force Reverse time suddenly Unstable time fluctuates when NC voltage Bounce time the switch operates and resets. (or NO) 2. Movement differential makes Basic Switches suitable as detection switches in equipment because the moving Time

contact is stable at either fixed contact even if the operating Motion / Drives Automation Systems body that operates the actuator wobbles or moves up and

down to some degree. NO voltage 3. Quickly performing contact switching reduces arc (or NC) connection time during current switching, which enables Contact switching time switching of large loads for a small switch. The relation between the stroke and the operating force is shown (13) Contact Wiping in the figure above. The contacting force at the free position Wiping may occur on the contacts or barely occur at all depending on decreases as the actuator is pressed in, and reaches zero when the type of snap-action mechanism. Wiping is the action of the it is pressed to the OP. The moving contact inverts from the moving contact wiping the surface of the fixed contact based on the normally closed (NC) side to the normally open (NO) side, and a contacting force. The following figure illustrates wiping during contacting force is immediately produced. The NO-side operation and reset of the moving contact. Energy Conservation Support / contacting force increases when the actuator is further pressed Environment Measure Equipment Wiping has the effect of removing contact welding caused by in. When the actuator returns, a contacting force is produced on inrush current and cleaning the contact surfaces. the NC side after the NO side becomes zero. Operation Reset (12) Contact Switching Time NC-side The figure at the right fixed contact shows the relation Moving contact Moving contact between operating FP TTP Power Supplies /

NO-side In Addition speed and contact fixed contact switching time. Contact switching time increases as the actuator operating speed Contact switching Immediately Immediately speed decreases. before OP before RP Operating speed The contact switching Others Contact Switching Time and Operating Speed Amount of swiping Amount of swiping time is therefore during operation during operation reset measured at the minimum operating speed. For the measurement circuit in the (14) Terminal Symbol and Contact Form figure at the right, the applied current is 1 mA for microload Symbol Terminal symbol Basic Switches and 100 mA for standard Basic Switches. As COM Common terminal Common shown in the figure at the right, the contact switching time is NC Normally closed terminal the sum of the unstable time, reverse time, and bounce time, which is 5 to 15 ms for general Basic Switches. The unstable NO Normally open terminal

5 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

(15) Terminal Types (16) Contact Form

Type Shape Symbol Name Sensors

Solder terminal COM NC SPDT NO

SPST-NC Quick-connect terminal COM NC (#110, #187, and #250)

SPST-NO Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches COM NO Screw terminal NC COM NO Split contacts Z-10FY-B PCB terminal NC NO

Angle terminal COM NC Maintained contacts Z- NO 15ER Note: In addition to the above, molded terminals with lead wires and snap-on mounting connectors are available.

COM NC COM NC DPDT DZ NO NO Terms Related to EN61058-1 Standards • Electric Shock Protective Class: Indicates the electric shock • Ambient Operating Temperature: Indicates the operating preventive level. The following classes are provided. temperature range of the switch. Refer to the following table for Class 0: Electric shocks are prevented by basic insulation only. the meanings of the notation. Class I: Electric shocks are prevented by basic insulation and Symbol T85 25T85 grounding. Temperature range 0°C to 85°C–25°C to 85°C Class II: Electric shocks are prevented by double insulation or enforced insulation with no grounding required. • Solder Terminal Type 1: A type of solder terminal classified Class III: No countermeasures against electric shocks are

by heat resistance under the following test conditions. Motion / Drives Automation Systems required because the electric circuits in use operate Dip soldering bath applied: in a low-enough voltage range (50 VAC max. or The terminal must not wobble or make any change in 70 VDC max.) insulation distance after the terminal is dipped for a • Proof Tracking Index (PTI): Indicates the index of tracking specified depth and period into a dip soldering bath at a resistance, that is, the maximum dielectric strength with no temperature of 235°C at specified speed. short-circuiting between two electrodes attached to the switch Soldering iron applied: sample while 50 drops of 0.1% ammonium chloride solution are The terminal must not wobble or make any change in dropped between the electrodes drop by drop. Five levels are insulation distance after the terminal is soldered by provided. The following table indicates the relationship applying wire solder that is 0.8 mm in diameter for two to between these PTI levels and CTI values according to the UL three seconds by using a soldering iron, the tip Plastics Recognized Directory. temperature of which is 350°C. PTI CTI Classified by UL Yellow Book • Solder Terminal Type 2: A type of solder terminal classified Energy Conservation Support / Environment Measure Equipment PLC level 1: 400 ≤ CTI < 600 by heat resistance under the following test conditions. 500 (Check with material manufacturer to see if the material meets CTI 500) Dip soldering bath applied: PLC level 2: 250 ≤ CTI < 400 375 The terminal must not wobble or make any change in (Check with material manufacturer to see if the material meets CTI 375) insulation distance after the terminal is dipped for a PLC level 2: 250 ≤ CTI < 400 300 specified depth and period into a dip soldering bath at a (Check with material manufacturer to see if the material meets CTI 300) temperature of 260°C at specified speed. ≤ 250 PLC level 2: 250 CTI < 400 Soldering iron applied:

175 PLC level 3: 175 ≤ CTI < 250 Power Supplies /

The terminal must not wobble or make any change in In Addition • Number of Operations: Indicates the operation number of insulation distance after the terminal is soldered by durability test provided by the standard. They are classified into applying wire solder that is 0.8 mm in diameter for 5 the following levels and the switch must bear the corresponding seconds by using a soldering iron, the tip temperature of ° symbol. A switch with high switching frequency must withstand which is 350 C. 50,000 switching operations and that with low switching • Clearance distance: The minimum space distance between frequency must withstand 10,000 operations to satisfy IEC two charged parts or between a charged part and a metal

standards. foil stuck to the non-metal switch housing. Others Number of operations Symbol • Creepage distance: The minimum distance on the surface of 100,000 1E5 the insulator between two charged parts or between a charged 50,000 5E4 part and a metal foil stuck to the non-metal switch housing. 25,000 25E3 • Distance through insulation: The minimum direct distance 10,000 No symbol required between the charged part and a metal foil stuck to the Common 6,000 6E3 isolative switch housing through air plus any other insulator 3,000 3E3 thickness including the housing itself. The distance through 1,000 1E3 insulation will be the insulator thickness when there is no 300 3E2 distance through air.

6 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches Further Information Basic Switch Actuator Type and Selection Methods Sensors

Shock and Pretravel Overtravel Operating Repeat Appearance Type vibration Description force (OF) accuracy (PT) (OT) resistance

★★ Suitable for short direct strokes, switch characteristics are ★★ ★★ used directly, and high-precision position detection is Pin plunger Small Small Large ／ ★★ possible. The overtravel, however, is the shortest of any ★★★

actuator, requiring a reliable stopper. Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches

Overtravel is longer than for a pin plunger, but the same Slim spring application methods are possible. The plunger diameter is Small Medium Large ★★ ★★★ plunger slightly larger, but off-center loads must be avoided, i.e., the load must be on the center of the plunger.

Overtravel is large, just as for a slim spring plunger. The Short spring Small Medium Large ★★ ★★ plunger is short and has a larger diameter to make plunger alignment easier.

The overtravel is the largest of all plunger types. The switch is mounted to a panel using a hexagonal nut and Panel mount lock nut (mounting position can be adjusted by adjusting Small Large Large ★★ ★★ plunger the nuts). The plunger can be operated either manually or mechanically, and usage in combination with a low-speed cam is also possible. A roller is attached to a panel mount plunger switch and is Panel operated with a cam or dog. The mounting position can be mounted Small Large Large ★★ ★ adjusted the same as a panel mount plunger switch, but (cross) roller the overtravel is slightly smaller. Cross rollers are also plunger available that run parallel to the switch. The stroke is larger because of a strong leaf spring, making this actuator suitable for low-speed cams or cylinder drives. Leaf spring Medium Medium Medium ★ ★★ The bearing point is fixed, so the overtravel must be maintained within specifications in the application to prevent damage.

Roller leaf A leaf spring actuator with a roller attached. Suitable for Motion / Drives Automation Systems Medium Medium Medium ★ ★★ spring cam or dog operation.

Used with a low-speed, low-torque cam. The shape of the Hinge lever Large Medium Small ★★lever can be changed to match the operating body. Steel is mainly used as the material for the lever.

Simulated A hinge lever with the end bent into a curve to enable Large Medium Small ★★ roller lever application as a simple roller.

Hinge roller A hinge lever with a roller attached. Suitable for high- Energy Conservation Support / Large Medium Small ★★ Environment Measure Equipment lever speed cam operation.

The actuator can be operated with the operating body One-way moving in one direction. If the operating body comes from action hinge Medium Medium Medium ★★the other direction, the roller will bend and operation will roller lever fail. It can be use to prevent operation in the wrong direction.

Used with a low-speed, low-torque Power Supplies /

Reverse cam, the shape of the lever can be Reverse operation is In Addition operation Large Small Medium ★ ★★★ changed to match the operating achieved with a coil hinge lever body. Steel is mainly used as the spring that material for the lever. continuously presses a pushbutton. The Reverse A reverse operation hinge lever pushbutton is operation Medium Medium Medium ★ ★★★ with a roller attached. Suitable for pressed in the free hinge roller cam operation. state, so high lever resistance is Others A hinge roller lever that is shorter provided to vibration Reverse for reverse operation. The and shock. (The operation Small Medium Large ★ ★★★ operating force is larger, but it is operating force is short hinge suitable for cam operation with a larger.) roller lever short stroke. Can be operated in any of 360° except in the direction running along the center of the rod. The operating force is Flexible rod Large Large Small ★★small. Effective for detecting when the direction or shape Common is not consistent. The overtravel is absorbed by the actuator, providing a large leeway in operating object play. Note: Indications for repeat accuracy and shock and vibration resistance are as follows: ★: OK, ★★: Good, ★★★: Excellent, ★★★★: Superior

7 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

Selecting PCB Basic Switches

Selecting PCB Basic Switches According to Environmental Conditions Sensors Use the Basic Switch with the sealing and grade that are suitable to the dirt, gas, dust, and water droplets conditions. Basic Switches

Dirt Water Degree of and Gas Models Environmental resistance Sealing droplets protection dust wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches D2A D3DC D3C Δ ×× IP00 Dirt and dust hardly enter the D2X Switch. No protection is D3D provided against gas, water, VSS-P oil, or other liquids. D3V-01D2S If there is a possibility that the VXD2F Switch will be subject to D2MVJ water or other liquid, use a Δ ×× IP40 D2RVD2MQ Basic Switch with IP67 Dirt and dust hardly enter the Basic Switches by reducing D2MCD2D protection or use a Limit the gaps at the actuator section (the pushbutton and case), D3MD2T Switch. between the case and cover, and at terminal section by SS means of giving mating sections interlocking shapes. These Switches provide superior dust resistance and water resistance because they D2VW models with terminals have no gaps inside the Actuator section sealing O IP67 D2SW models with terminals Switches, for example, at the (except (except D2SW-P models with terminals actuator section or between O Δ terminal terminal D2HW models with terminals the case and cover. The sections) sections) D2JW models with terminals terminal sections are exposed, D2QW models with terminals so if there is a possibility that the Switch will be subject to water or other liquid, use a model with lead wires. D2VW models with lead wires The actuator, between the Actuator section sealing D2SW models with lead wires case and cover, and the Lead wires D2SW-P models with lead wires O Δ OIP67 terminal section are all D2HW models with lead wires sealed to keep out dirt, dust, D2JW models with lead wires gas, and water. D2FW-G models Motion / Drives Automation Systems

Note: 1. O: Can be used, Δ: Some models can be used (check which models.), ×: Cannot be used. 2. Also refer to Safety Precautions for All Basic Switches.

Temperature and Humidity Shock and vibration resistance • Check the ambient operating temperature range for each • In the characteristics specifications, malfunction due to model. (with no icing or condensation) vibration or shock means that the contacts open for longer than 1 ms. • Select Switches that have wide contact gaps and lightweight operating sections. Selecting Microload Models If you are switching a microload, we recommend Basic Switches that have contact specifications suited to the application zone in the Energy Conservation Support / microload range, as shown in the following figure. Environment Measure Equipment

5mW 0.8W 3W

D2MQ models with silver plating

D2MQ models with gold plating Power Supplies / In Addition

D2MC-01

D3V-01, VX-01, D2MV-01, D3M, SS-01, SS-01P, D2S-01, D2F-01, D2VW-01, D2SW-01, D2SW-P01, D2JW, D2QW, D2A, D3C, and D2X D2HW Others

30 3W DC 10 voltage (V) 5

5mW 0.8W Common

0.1 0.16 1 5 10 20 26.6 50 100 160 500 Current (mA)

8 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

PCB Basic Switch Actuator Types and Selection Methods Sensors

Shock and Pretravel Overtravel Operating Repeat Appearance Type vibration Description (PT) (OT) force (OF) accuracy resistance Suitable for short direct strokes, switch characteristics are used ★★ ★★ directly, and high-precision position detection is possible.The Pin plunger Small Small Large ★ ★★ overtravel, however, is the shortest of any actuator, requiring a

reliable stopper. Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches

Use the deflection of the lever to achieve a large stroke. They are Leaf lever Large Large Medium ★★suitable for detecting various operating bodies, such as cams and dogs.

Simulated A switch with a leaf lever that is rounded on the end and can be roller leaf Large Large Medium ★★ used as a simple roller lever switch. lever

Used with a low-speed, low-torque cam, the shape of the lever can Hinge lever Large Medium Small ★★be changed to match the operating body.Steel is mainly used as the material for the lever.

Simulated A hinge lever with the end bent into a curve to enable application as Large Medium Small ★★ roller lever a simple roller.

Hinge roller A hinge lever with a roller attached. Suitable for high-speed cam Large Medium Small ★★ lever operation.

These are low-torque rotational movement actuators. Rotary Large Large Small ★★These actuators are suitable for detecting coins, paper, and other action light objects.

Note: Indications for repeat accuracy and shock and vibration resistance are as follows: ntlpxSymbol★: OK, ★★: Good, ★★★: Excellent, ★★★★: Superior Actuators related only to the Z Switches are not covered here. Motion / Drives Automation Systems Energy Conservation Support / Environment Measure Equipment Power Supplies / In Addition Others Common

9 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

FAQs Sensors

The load does not turn ON when the switch is What causes contact failure and what can be done pressed. What is causing this? about it? wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches The following causes are probable. The following causes are possible.

Causes 1. Contact faults Cause 1 Dirt or dust adhesion. • The actuator was not pressed sufficiently. • A standard switch (i.e., a switch with silver Countermeasure 1 Remove the cause, insert the switch into box, or contacts) is being used for a microload use a sealed switch. (electronic circuit). 2.Fused contacts Cause 2 The effects of harmful ambient gases or 3.Broken internal spring switching in a low-load range is causing an 4.Incorrect operating speed insulating film to be generated on the contact 5.Incorrect operating frequency surface. 6.Dirt or dust adhesion

Countermeasure 2 Replace the switch with a switch that uses a contact material with excellent environmental resistance (e.g., gold or alloy). What causes degraded insulation and what can be done about it? Cause 3 Solder flux entered the switch.

Countermeasure 3 Review the soldering method and use a switch that flux does not enter.

The following causes are probable. Motion / Drives Automation Systems

Cause 1 A large load capacity is causing arcing and the The input of the programmable controller does contacts are scattered about. not turn ON when the Basic Switch is pressed. What causes this and what can be done about it? Countermeasure 1 Do not use a switch to switch a direct load. Use a relay or contactor to switch the load. DC inputs of programmable controllers are generally Cause 2 High humidity is high and extreme changes in 12 to 24 VDC and several milliamperes. The rated ambient temperature have caused a lot amount current for standard Basic Switches is 5 to 10 A. Silver of water droplets to enter the switch. Liquid contacts are used. Sulfide gas and oxidizing gas in Energy Conservation Support / Environment Measure Equipment entering the switch is carbonized by arc heat. the atmosphere produce an insulating film on the surface of silver contacts, which results in contact Countermeasure 2 Remove the cause, insert the switch into a box, failure. Use microload Basic Switches that use gold or use a sealed switch. alloy contacts. Example: Z Switch

Standard Switch: Z-15GW22-B Power Supplies / ↓ In Addition Microload Switch: Z-01HW22-B Others Common

10 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches

What Basic Switches are suitable as door Note: 1. Do not use the switch with the actuator continuously switches? pressed in. Doing so may accelerate degradation and Sensors change the characteristics. 2. Waterproof Z-D55 Switch The rubber boot (i.e., rubber cap) hardens as the ambient Hinge roller lever switches are suitable. temperature decreases. Therefore, resetting will be Example: Z-GW22 delayed and may fail if the switch is used with the actuator pressed in for a long time in a low-temperature Sliding Door 1 environment. If the switch is to be used for this type of wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches Turns ON (or OFF) when door closes. environment or application, contact your OMRON representative for special switches that use silicon rubber for the rubber boot (rubber cap) for superior resistance Dog against cold. The contacts are occasionally open when they should be touching. What causes this and what Turns OFF (or ON) when door opens. can be done about it?

30° max. The following reasons are possible.

Note: 1. The amount the actuator is pressed is roughly Causes Vibration or shock imposed on the switch is 70% to 100% of the OT rated value. causing the contacts to open. 2. When the door is opened, the first position that the actuator comes into contact with is the slope of the dog. Countermeasure Replace the switch with one that has a greater contacting force Sliding Door 2 (generally, a switch with high OF). Actuators in D, Q, and S Pushbutton Switches can also be used. Turns ON (or OFF) when door closes. Are there high-humidity models of Basic Switches available? uoainSsesMotion / Drives Automation Systems

There is no definition of high-humidity models for Basic Switches, and so they are not made by Turns OFF (or ON) when door opens. OMRON. Use a standard model.

Note: The amount the actuator is pressed is roughly 70% to 100% of the OT rated value.

Double Doors Energy Conservation Support / Environment Measure Equipment Actuators in D, Q, and S Pushbutton Switches can also be used.

Note: The amount the actuator is pressed is roughly 70% Power Supplies / to 100% of the OT rated value. In Addition

Closet Others

Note: The dog is basically the same as with Sliding Door 1. Common

11 Technical Explanation for Basic Switches Troubleshooting

Location of Failure Possible cause Corrective action failure Sensors • Dust and dirt on the contacts. • Remove the cause of the problem, place the • Water or other liquid has penetrated into a switch in a box, or use a sealed switch. switch. • Chemical substances have been generated on the contact surface due to the wthsSft opnnsRly Control Components Relays Safety Components Switches atmosphere containing chemical corrosive • Use a switch having contacts with high gas. environmental resistivity (such as gold or Contact failure • Chemical substances have been generated alloy contacts). on the contact surface when the switch switches a very low load. • Solder flux has penetrated into the switch. • Review the soldering method. Failures • Remove the material generating gas, or related to • Silicon gas exists near the switch. adjust contact capacity to prevent formation Contact electrical of silicon compounds on the contacts. characteristics • The contacts are separated from each other • Use a switch having a high contact force Malfunction by vibration or shock. (generally a high OF). • Switch the load with a high-capacity relay or Contact • The load connected to the switch is too high. magnetic relay or insert a contact protection welding circuit. • Contacts have been melted and scattered • Switch the load with a high-capacity relay or by arc. magnetic relay. Insulation • Water has penetrated into the switch because degradation the switch has been used in an extremely hot (burning) environment. • Remove the cause of the problem, place the switch in a box, or use a sealed switch. • Liquid has penetrated into the switch and been carbonized by arc heat. • The sliding part of the actuator has been • Make sure that no excessive force is applied damaged because an excessive force was to the actuator, or use an auxiliary actuator applied on the actuator. mechanically strong. Motion / Drives Automation Systems • Foreign material like dust, dirt and oil has • Remove the cause of the problem or place Operating penetrated into the switch. the switch in a box. failure • The actuator does not release because the • Use a switch having a higher OF. operating body is too heavy. • The switch is loosely installed and thus does not operate even when the actuator is at the • Secure the switch. rated OP. Actuator • The shape of the dog or cam is improper. • Change the design of the dog or cam. Low durability • The operating method is improper. • Review the operating stroke and operating • The operating speed is too high. speed. Energy Conservation Support / • Striking or other excessive shock has been • Remove the cause of problem or use a Environment Measure Equipment Failures applied to the actuator. switch mechanically strong. related to • The caulked part is not good enough or the mechanical • Replace the switch with a new one. assembled condition is poor. characteristics Damage • Deformation or drop-out • Actuator was subjected to an excessive • Review the handling and operating method. force and force from an inappropriate

direction. Power Supplies /

• Screws have not been inserted straight. • Check and correct screw insertion method. In Addition • The mounting screws were tightened with • Tighten the screws with an appropriate Mounting Damage too much torque. torque. section • The mounting pitch is wrong. • Correct the pitch. • The switch is not installed on a flat surface. • Install the switch on a flat surface. • An excessive force was applied to the • Do not apply an excessive force. Others terminal while being wired. Terminal Damage • Reduce the soldering time or soldering • The plastic part has been deformed by temperature. (Refer to the information given soldering heat. under Safety Precautions for that model.) Common

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