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Planungsräume Nikolai Soyka PLANUNGSRÄUME Theoretische Reflexionen zur Raum- und Planungstheorie mit exemplarischen Untersuchungen: Park Fiction, A380 Zwei Themen, die meist in unterschiedlichen Kreisen diskutiert werden, waren Anlass für die Arbeit: zum einen der Bedeutungsgewinn eines veränderten Verständnisses von Raum, Raum wird dabei verstanden als gesellschaftlich konditioniertes Gebilde gegenüber einem Verständnis von Raum als dreidi- mensionale Box. Zum anderen gab die „Stagnation der Diskussionen“ im Feld der Planungstheorie im Bereich der Stadtplanung Anlass. Beide Diskussionen Planungsräume wurden zusammengenbracht, um neue Wege für die Bildung von (Stadt) Planungstheorie auszuloten. Neben theoretischen Reflexionen wurden dabei zwei Planungen exemplarisch analysiert: Zum einen die Betriebsflächener- weiterung von Airbus in Hamburg und die damit verbundene Teilzuschüt- tung des „Mühlenberger Lochs“, einer Bucht der Elbe, und zum anderen Park Fiction , ein von Bewohnern und Künstlern initiierter Planungsprozess für einen Park im Hamburger Stadtteil St. Pauli; beides Beispiele, die mit größten Nikolai Soyka Auseinandersetzungen und höchst unterschiedlichen Planungsstrategien verbunden waren. Ergebnis der Arbeit ist eine Vorstellung darüber wie Räume Planungen her- vorbringen: PLANUNGSRÄUME. Dieser Zugang ermöglicht es Optionen und Begrenzungen in Planungsprozessen zu erfassen. Zentral dabei sind die generierten Planungsräumlichen Wirkungskräfte: TRADITIONEN, KONNEXE, INITIALE. ISBN 978-3-86219-846-7 9 783862 198467 Nikolai Soyka PLANUNGSRÄUME Theoretische Reflexionen zur Raum- und Planungstheorie mit exemplarischen Untersuchungen: Park Fiction, A380 kassel university press Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde vom Fachbereich Architektur, Stadtplanung und Landschaftsplanung der Universität Kassel als Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) angenommen. Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Uwe Altrock Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ulla Terlinden Tag der mündlichen Prüfung 21. März 2013 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss. 2013 ISBN 978-3-86219-846-7 (print) ISBN 978-3-86219-847-4 (e-book) URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0002-38470 © 2014, kassel university press GmbH, Kassel www.upress.uni-kassel.de/ Printed in Germany Andrea Andreas Inhalt 1 Einführung ........................................................................................ 9 1.1 Raumdiskurs und (Stadt)Planungstheorie ......................................10 Raum en vogue............................................................................. 10 Planungstheorie „tritt auf der Stelle“.............................................. 12 1.2 Workflow.............................................................................................15 Erkenntnisinteresse und Fragestellung......................................... 16 Untersuchungsdesign ................................................................... 19 Empirische Arbeitsweise............................................................... 24 Aufbau der Arbeit .......................................................................... 28 2 Planungstheorie: Wege aus einer stagnierenden Diskussion.... 30 Ausgangspunkt: das Planungsmodell der „Rationalen Planung“ .. 31 Problem: die Kluft zwischen Theorie und Praxis ........................... 37 Problem: die Trennung in prozedural und substanziell ................. 38 Der Schlüssel: der Kontext............................................................ 39 Aktueller Trend: Kommunikative / kooperative Planung................ 43 Exkurs: Bauliches und Gesellschaftliches..................................... 47 3 Raumdiskurse: Transformationen – Konzeptionen..................... 52 „Die Krise der Stadt“ ..................................................................... 53 3.1 Konzeptionelle Wende.......................................................................55 Von der Raumblindheit zur Raumoffenheit ................................... 55 Von einer absoluten zu einer relationalen Sicht............................ 59 Auf dem Weg zu einer raumkonstitutiven Herangehensweise...... 61 3.2 Urbane Wende....................................................................................63 „Das Zeitalter der Städte“.............................................................. 65 Stadtentwicklungstendenzen in Deutschland................................ 66 4 Zwischenbilanz: Alle Probleme sind räumlich............................. 72 5 Zugang zum PLANUNGSRAUM..................................................... 75 5.1 Denkmuster ........................................................................................77 Dualität von Struktur und Handeln ................................................ 77 Prozesse: Richtungen und Veränderungen ...................................80 Positionen ......................................................................................82 Raum und Ort ................................................................................84 5.2 Planungsräumliche Wirkungskräfte ................................................ 87 TRADITIONEN ..............................................................................88 KONNEXE .....................................................................................90 INITIALE ........................................................................................92 6 Exemplarische Analysen: Park Fiction / A380 ..............................95 INITIALE für die Formierung / Durchsetzung / Gestaltung / Umsetzung.....................................................................................96 TRADITIONEN der Zielfindung / des Planens ...............................98 KONNEXE Zusammenschlüsse, übergeordnete Anschlüsse / Wissenskonstellationen .................................................................99 6.1 PLANUNGSRAUM Park Fiction ...................................................... 100 6.1.1 Park Fiction INITIALE ..............................................................................101 Formierung 1980er bis 1994........................................................101 Durchsetzung 1995 bis 1997 .......................................................103 Gestaltung 1997 bis 2001 ............................................................106 Umsetzung 2002 bis 2005 ...........................................................108 6.1.2 Park Fiction TRADITIONEN.....................................................................110 Benachteiligung und Ausgrenzung ..............................................110 Widerstand und eigener Weg ......................................................118 6.1.3 Park Fiction KONNEXE ...........................................................................124 Netzwerk Park Fiction..................................................................124 „Sich gegenseitig schlauer machen“............................................134 6.2 PLANUNGSRAUM A380 .................................................................. 137 6.2.1 A380 INITIALE ..........................................................................................138 A380 Formierung: 1997/1998 ......................................................138 A380 Durchsetzung / Gestaltung / Umsetzung (1998 - 2007)......139 6.2.2 A380 TRADITIONEN.................................................................................147 Profilierung als Standort für zivilen Flugzeugbau.........................147 Verquickung von Industrie und Politik..........................................152 6.2.3 A380 KONNEXE....................................................................................... 159 Stetige Festigung von Beziehungen durch zunehmende Konzentration von Unternehmensaktivitäten................................159 „Man kennt sich“ ..........................................................................170 6.3 Quintessenz Park Fiction / A380.....................................................172 6.4 Quellen..............................................................................................174 Park Fiction..................................................................................174 A380 ............................................................................................176 7 Ausblicke – mögliche Reichweite der Forschung ......................179 Phasen, Schichten, Schulen oder RÄUME ..................................179 PLANUNGSRÄUME wirken nach ................................................182 Mit dem RAUM planen.................................................................183 8 Abbildungsverzeichnis .................................................................186 9 Literatur / Quellen..........................................................................187 Einführung 9 PLANUNGSRÄUME Wenn die Gesellschaft ihren Raum produziert – der Raum ein gesellschaftliches Produkt ist (Lefebvre, Henri: La production de l´espace1974) und andersherum auch der Raum gesellschaftliche Prozesse prägt (Martina Löw: Raumsoziologie 2001), konstituiert Planung und deren Anwendung den Raum genauso wie an- dersherum der Raum auch Planung und deren Anwendung konstituiert. Dieser Gedanke ist das Fundament der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die Frage, die sich
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