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Overcoming Isolation As a Woman in the Male-Dominated Superintendency

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Overcoming Isolation As a Woman in the Male-Dominated Superintendency Rowan University Rowan Digital Works Theses and Dissertations 3-9-2017 Overcoming isolation as a woman in the male-dominated superintendency Melissa Ann McCooley Rowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons Recommended Citation McCooley, Melissa Ann, "Overcoming isolation as a woman in the male-dominated superintendency" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2368. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/2368 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Rowan Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Rowan Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OVERCOMING ISOLATION AS A WOMAN IN THE MALE-DOMINATED SUPERINTENDENCY by Melissa Ann McCooley A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Educational Services and Leadership College of Education In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Doctor of Education at Rowan University February 15, 2017 Dissertation Chair: Ane Turner Johnson, Ph. D Dedications This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, the strongest woman I have ever met. It is because of your love, your faith in me, and your ongoing support, that I am the woman I am today. Thank you for modeling for me the manner in which a woman should always hold her head high and never take no for an answer. I love you. This dissertation is dedicated to my family. To my three boys who sacrificed many hours with their mom allowing me time to accomplish this endeavor. To my husband Luke for always loving and having confidence in me. You truly make me believe that I am capable of doing anything in life. To my stepfather Andy, a phenomenal educator and wonderful man. Thank you for always being there for me. I love you all. Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to my dissertation chair and teacher, Dr. Ane Johnson, for her faith in me; especially at times when I didn’t have it in myself. Her high expectations allowed me to excel, persevere, and complete this challenging task with confidence. Dr. Johnson inspired me to have a voice as a woman in leadership. I cannot thank her enough for the time and patience she has allotted for me. Special thanks to: Elliott Karetny, my friend, colleague, and my unconditional support system throughout my time at Rowan University. I can’t thank you enough for always being there and never letting me quit. Dr. JoAnn Manning for serving as my teacher, and later as an active member of the dissertation committee. Her expertise as a woman in educational leadership was extremely valuable and beneficial. Dr. Anna Sun for, also, serving as an active member of the dissertation committee and contributing to the value of this document through her quality feedback. iv Abstract Melissa A. McCooley OVERCOMING ISOLATION AS A WOMAN IN THE MALE-DOMINATED SUPERINTENDENCY 2016-2017 Ane Turner Johnson Ph.D. Doctor of Education The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study was to explore the attributes associated with the leadership of women superintendents and how they overcome isolation in a predominantly male-dominated field. Through a feminist lens, I explored the manner in which women serve as superintendents, particularly, the manner in which they overcome isolation in a male-dominated field. Eleven women, including myself as the researcher, currently serving as superintendents in New Jersey participated in this study. Through the use of graphic elicitation and interviews the participants revealed an array of instances that enhance the feeling of isolation as a woman in the male-dominated superintendency. Findings reveal that women in this field need to make a concerted effort to form deeper relationships with other women serving in this role. Social media and online forums can serve as a convenient platform for women in the superintendency to interact, share ideas, and vent when necessary. v Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….v List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….xii List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………..xiii Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………….1 Female Leaders in Education……………………………………………………………2 The Superintendency…………………………………………………………………….3 The Contemporary Superintendent.…………………………………………………5 Women in the Superintendency…………………………………………………………6 Lonely at the Top…………………………………………………………………...9 Women Superintendents in New Jersey…………………………………………………9 Problem Statement……………………………………………………………………...11 Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………………………12 Research Questions……………….………………………………………………..13 Definition of Terms.………..….……………………………………………….......13 Leadership… ………………….………………………………………………13 Isolation..……………………….………………………………………………13 Feminist Inquiry..……………….……………………………………………...14 Superintendent..………………….…………………………………………….14 Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………...14 Marxist Feminism…………………….……………………………………………15 Social Isolation……………………….…………………………………………….15 vi Table of Contents (Continued) Delimitations…………………………………………………………………………...16 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………17 Policy……………………………………………………………………………...17 Practice……………………………………………………………………………18 Research…………………………………………………………………………...18 Organization of the Dissertation……………………………………………………….19 Chapter 2: Literature Review…………………………………………………………..20 Gender, The Workplace, and Education……………………………………………….20 Gender and Education……………………………………………………………..21 The Superintendency…………………………………………………………………...21 Challenges…………………………………………………………………………22 Turnover…………………………………………………………………………...24 Leadership and the Superintendency……………………………………………...25 Women and the Superintendency………………………………………………………25 Challenges to Women’s Practice………………………………………………….26 Coping in the Superintendency……………………………………………………29 Leadership and Isolation……………………………………………………………….31 Isolation……………………………………………………………………………31 The Isolated Superintendent……………………………………………………….31 Isolated Female Superintendents…………………………………………………..32 Marxist Feminist Framework…………………………………………………………..33 vi Table of Contents (Continued) Feminism………………………………………………………………………….33 Marxist Framework……………………………………………………………….35 Social Isolation Framework……………………………………………………………37 Marxist Feminist Framework and the Social Isolation Framework……………………38 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...39 Chapter 3: Methodology……………………………………………………………….40 Rationale for and Assumptions of a Qualitative Methodology…………………...41 Strategy of Inquiry………………………………………………………………...42 Hermeneutical Phenomenology………………………………………………..43 Participants………………………………………………………………………….….44 Setting………………………………………………………………………….….45 Data Collection…………………………………………………………………………45 Phenomenological Interviewing…………………………………………………..46 Close Observation…………………………………………………………………47 Researcher Journal………………………………………………………………...48 Graphic Elicitation………………………………………………………………...48 Instruments……………………………………………………………………………..48 Graphic Elicitation………………………………………………………………..48 Interviews…………………………………………………………………………49 Observations……………………………………………………………………………52 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………………..53 viii Table of Contents (Continued) Hermeneutic Reductions ............................................................................................. 53 Naturalistic Generalizations ........................................................................................ 54 Trustworthiness ................................................................................................................. 55 Role of the Researcher… .................................................................................................. 57 Ethical Considerations ...................................................................................................... 58 Conclusion… .................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 4: Findings ........................................................................................................... 60 Description of the Participants .......................................................................................... 60 Christine ...................................................................................................................... 60 Patty… ........................................................................................................................ 61 Anna ............................................................................................................................ 61 Jackie…………………………………………………………………………………61 Erin…………………………………………………………………………………...62 Madge………………………………,,,,……………………………………………..62 Laura…………………………………………………………………………………62 Cindy… ....................................................................................................................... 63 Sandy…………………………………………………………………………………63 Mary… ........................................................................................................................ 63 Findings ............................................................................................................................. 64 Minimized, Marginalized, Monopolized… ............................................................... 65 The Boys Club… .................................................................................................. 67 ix Table of Content (Continued) Superficiality…………………………………………………………………….68 Leading as a Woman……………………………….……………………………….69 Venting…………………………………………………………………………..69
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