Organic Waste Treatment in Finland

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Market Research: Organic waste treatment in Finland

Market research report September 2009 © Bionova Ltd Commissioned by Invest in Finland

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Contents

CONTENTS ...... 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4

1 SIZE OF ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT MARKET...... 5

2 ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT UNITS IN FINLAND...... 6

2.1 Biogas plants ...... 6

2.2 Composting plants ...... 9

2.3 Rendering and waste burning plants ...... 10

3 FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT...... 12

3.1 Planned organic waste treatment plants and financial value of investments ...... 12

3.2 Public subsidies offered for organic waste treatment plants...... 13

4 TYPICAL TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ORGANIC WASTE TYPES ...... 16

4.1 Treatment solutions ...... 16

4.2 Costs of treatment...... 17

APPENDIX 2: LIST OF WORKING COMPOSTING PLANTS ...... 20

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF WORKING STACK COMPOSTING PLANTS ...... 22

Executive Summary

Bionova Engineering conducted this study for Invest In Finland during summer 2009. Report provides information about organic waste treatment plants, organic waste treatment market and costs of treatment and including future projections and major drivers behind the new opportunities. Landfill gas production is excluded from the study.

Biogas production has a remarkable business opportunity in Finland. Only less than 1 % of manure is used as a raw material for biogas production and only 35 % of organic wastes and sludge is at the moment used for biogas production. Energy crops are not used for biogas production at all. To reach the targets of the newest governmental climate and energy strategy for the year 2020, biogas production in reactor plants shoud be more than doubled. This would mean investment boost of more than 100 MEUR before year 2020. Finnish organic waste treatment market is now also facing interesting opportunity, because of plans to set up a feed-in tariff for biogas production. Size of feed-in tariff is suggested to be 18

€ centimes/kWhel, but final decision is missing. For the market growth level and conditions of the biogas feed-in tariff is very important. Already now it is possible to get investment subsidies from ministry of agriculture and forestry and ministry of employment and economy.

Separately collected bio-waste from private customers and public sector forms transport and treatment market in Finland equals to 20,9 MEUR / year according to recent study funded by the key players in the Finnish waste branch. In addition there is 2,8 MEUR / year equipment market. Total market value can be estimated to be 30 MEUR / year when also private sector is included. Treatment costs of organic waste differ a lot depending on scale and technology. Usually cost is between 50-100 EUR/ton, some solutions in small scale lead to as high as 100-163 EUR/ton cost.

Total amount of organic waste treatment units in Finland is as of writing 259 when counting biogas, stack composting and (closed) composting plants. In addition there is a few other plants using different technologies such as bioethanol production and chemical treatment. Most of the plants are very small composting plants processing organic waste, usually waste water sludge, from a village or small municipality. When counting only plants having capacity larger than 30 000 t/a, total number of plants is 31. These exist mainly in big cities, some are also centralized treatment plants of certain counties.

There are in total 222 working composting plants in Finland. Other common treatment solutions are biogas plants (35) and rendering plants (2). When comparing only the biggest 31 plants, 16 of these are biogas plants, 13 composting plants and 2 rendering plants. Lists of all biogas, composting and stack composting plants are shown in three appendixes.

1 Size of organic waste treatment market

Waste management is a relatively small but vitally important business fragment in Finland. Ministry of Environment, Finnish Solid Waste Association and the Association of Environmental Enterprises have funded a study where economical significance and costs of Finnish waste management were examined. 1

Report presents the value of business for different waste fractions. According to study separately collected bio-waste from households and public sector (companies excluded) forms totally approximately 23,7 MEUR / year market. Transport and treatment costs are 20,9 MEUR and equipment market is 2,8 MEUR / year. Half of the bio-waste transport and treatment service is offered by private sector companies and half by the municipalities (both about 10,4 MEUR / year).

Market for the industrial bio-waste treatment is not specified in the study. There are several major businesses for which organic waste disposal accounts for significant portion of their costs, however as this disposal business is carried out by very heterogenous actors, it’s total value is difficult to estimate. According to statistics concerning organic waste treatment plants in Finland, it can be estimated that approximately one third of organic waste is treated by the private sector. Total value of the market can then be estimated to be as much as 30 MEUR / year.

1 Report: Jätehuollon taloudellinen merkitys ja kustannukset

2 Organic waste treatment units in Finland

Organic waste and by-products treatment is at the moment operated in 259 units (table 1), when counting composting, biogas and rendering plants. There are also a few plants which will start operating soon and even more plants are planned, waiting for the feed-in tariff for electricity produced from biogas. Most operating plants are based on composting, either stack composting or some type of closed composting, especially in small scale composting is the most popular way to treat different kind of organic waste. In large scale biogas can reach profitability, majority of the biggest organic waste and by-products processing units use biogas technology. There are also some other technologies used, for example bioethanol production and different chemical process, however these technologies are used in less than 10 units in total at the moment.

Table 1: Different technologies used in different scale to treat organic waste Capacity, t/a Biogas Composting Rendering All types <30 000 t/a 16 13 2 31 2000 ...30 000 t/a 16 74 0 90 >2000 t/a 3 135 0 138 Total 35 2222 259

2.1 Biogas plants

In 2007, approximately 138,8 million m3 of biogas was produced in the Finnish landfills and reactor plants. However only approximately 30 million m3 of this amount was produced in reactor plants, which can be considered as organic waste or by-product treatment plants. The plants treat different kinds of organic wastes, sludges and manure. This contains about 200 GWh energy which is used to produce electricity, heat or process energy.

Figure 1. Biogas production for each plant type in 2007. Wwtp refers to wastewater treatment plant

Most of the biogas stems from landfills in Finland, but the lack of nearby energy consumption limits landfill gas utilization. In Finland it is obligatory to collect landfill gas, because of this most of the landfill gas investments for biogas production are made until now. During autumn 2009 Helsinki Metropolitan Council (YTV) is building a huge landfill gas power plant in Ämmässuo landfill. The power plant will have capacity of 40 MW.

Municipal wastewater treatment plants operate rather constantly, so the biogas volumes can only slightly be enhanced through process optimization. Until now municipal waste water treatment plant produce majority of all biogas produced in reactor plants and produced energy is used for running the waste water treatment plant. The largest landfills have already been shut down and the gas production will reduce in years to come. The biggest biogas potential lies therefore in manure and energy crops when thinking about new biogas production in reactors. There is also energy potential left in the treatment of industrial organic waste. Also it can be noticed than in northern Finland waste water sludge is also not yet processed in biogas plants (figure 2).

Figure 2. Working and planned biogas plants in Finland, 2009. Finland’s Environmental Administration, Regional environmental centres and Bionova Engineering.

In the table below biggest biogas producers (feedstock capacity over 30 000 t/a) in Finland are listed. All plants can be found in appendix 1. Most operators are municipal units and connected to waste water treatment. Biovakka Oy’s Vehmaa plant processes pig manure and industrial waste and Lakeuden Etappi’s and Stormossen’s plants process separate collected bio-waste too. Total number of biogas plants with capacity more than 30 000 t/a is 16. When comparing capacity to composting plants, it must be remembered that capacity of biogas plants usually refers to sludge capacity, in which content of total solids is usually between 3-15 %. In composting plants raw material is usually much dryer.

Type of Operating company or Location Capacity treatment organisation (municipality) Contact details 1000 t/a PL 1100, 00099 Helsingin 1 Biogas Helsingin Vesi Helsinki kaupunki, www.helsinki.fi 500 PL 100, 27801 Säkylä, 2 Biogas Apetit Suomi Oy Säkylä www.apetit.fi 460 Hyljeluodontie 5, 02270 3 Biogas Espoon Vesi Espoo Espoo, www.espoo.fi 300 Tampereen Vesi, PL 487, 33101 Tampere, 4 Biogas Viinikanlahti Tampere ww.w.tampere.fi 200 Satamakatu 2 B, 15140 5 Biogas Lahti Aqua Oy, Kariniemi Lahti Lahti, www.lahti.fi 120 Kalannintie 191, 23200 6 Biogas Biovakka Oy, Vehmaa Vehmaa Vehmaa, www.biovakka.fi 120 Stormossvägen 56, 66530 Koivulahti, 7 Biogas Stormossen Oy Mustasaari www.stormossen.fi 85 Lahti Aqua Oy, Ali- Satamakatu 2 B, 15140 8 Biogas Juhakkala Lahti Lahti, www.lahti.fi 80 Paroistentie 7, 13600 Hämeenlinnan seudun Hämeenlinna, 9 Biogas Vesi Oy Hämeenlinna www.hameenlinna.fi 72 Suokatu 42 C, 70110 10 Biogas Kuopion vesi Kuopio Kuopio 70 Kalannintie 191, 23200 11 Biogas Biovakka Oy, Turku Turku Vehmaa, www.biovakka.fi 63 PL 487, 33101 Tampere, 12 Biogas Tampere vesi, Rahola Tampere ww.w.tampere.fi 60 Laskunmäentie 15, 60760 Pojanluoma, 13 Biogas Lakeuden Etappi Oy Ilmajoki www.etappi.com 50 City of Joensuu, waste Torikatu 38 B, 80100 14 Biogas water department Joensuu Joensuu, www.joensuu.fi 46 Raivionsuntti 10, 40520 Jyväskylän Seudun Jyväskylä, www.js- 15 Biogas Puhdistamo Oy Jyväskylä puhdistamo.fi 42 City of Mikkeli, waste PL 278, 50101 Mikkeli, 16 Biogas water plant Mikkeli www.mikkeli.fi 40

It can estimated, that primary energy potential for biogas in Finland is at least 2800 GWh / year. This approximation is divided in manure and organic waste. There is 2300 GWh / year energy potential for manure, of which only less than 1 % is exploited at the moment. Organic wastes and sludge have potential of 500 GWh / year, of which approximately 35 % is exploited. Renewable greens are not used in Finnish biogas plants excluding random tests or scientific research. In the future these are also possible raw materials for biogas plants, however in the Finnish conditions it is not probable that a major share of fields would be used for biogas plants energy crops in the future.

2.2 Composting plants

Centralized composting is widely used to treat separated bio-waste, digested wastewater sludge and fur animal manure in Finland. It’s fairly inexpensive method, but its weaknesses include long treatment time, large need of space, uneven composting result and odour problems. Sludge is often composted in stacks and much of the biowaste is post composted in landfills. The product is mainly used for landscape maintenance and especially as fertilizing earth layer when covering landfills. Most of the landfill covering has already been accomplished, though. This results in the need of new applications for compost products both in landscape maintenance, forestry and agriculture. Most of the composted sludge is stored because of low demand. In practice, the goals of the national waste management plan have not been met.

Composting plants can be divided to two groups, stack composting plants and closed composting plants (referred as composting plants in official use). There are in total more than 200 composting plants, of which more than ¾ are stack composting plants, which is highly common way to treat organic waste in the smallest scale. Typical example is composting of waste water sludge from some village-scale waste water treatment plant or separately collected bio-waste from a small county or municipality. Composting plants are located all over in Finland in about 200 municipalities (out of about 400 in total). In the table 2 the largest stack composting and closed composting (composting) plants are shown. These plants process more than 30 000 t/a organic material. All plants can be found in appendixes 2 and 3.

Table 2: The Largest composting plants in Finland Operating Type of company or Location Capacity treatment organisation (municipality) Contact details 1000 t/a Stack 1 Helsingin Vesi Sipoo Metsäpirtintie 248, Sipoo. htpp://www.helsinki.fi 91 composting Mustankorkea Ronsuntaipaleentie 204, 40500 Jyväskylä 2 Composting Jyväskylä 74 Oy http://www.mustankorkea.fi Pirkanmaan Stack Koukkujärventie 361, 37130 Nokia, 3 Jätehuolto Oy, Nokia 60 composting http://www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Koukkujärvi

Lauttakyläntie 570, 27500 Kauttua, 4 Composting Biolan Oy Eura 55 http://www.biolan.fi Envor Biotech Voimalankatu 56, 30420 Forssa, 5 Composting Forssa 55 Oy http://www.envor.fi Pirkanmaan Stack Tarastenjärventie 66, Tampere, 6 Jätehuolto Oy, Tampere 50 composting http://www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Tarastenjärvi Helsinki 7 Composting metropolitan Espoo Ämmässuontie 8, 02820 Espoo http://www.ytv.fi 49 area council Kujalan Sapelikatu 47, 15150 Lahti, 8 Composting Lahti 45 Komposti Oy http://www.phj.fi/jateasema/kujalankomposti.html Koillis-Savon Stack 9 Ympäristöhuolto Juankoski Juankoskentie 7, 73500 Juankoski 38 composting Oy Stack Humuspehtoori Kantokyläntie 63, 36600 Pälkäne, 10 Pälkäne 37 composting Oy http://www.humuspehtoori.fi Pirkanmaan Naulakatu 2 33100 Tampere, 11 Composting Tampere 35 Jätehuolto Oy http://www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Stack Vapo Oy Hulkonmäentie 130, 54190 Konnunsuo, 12 Joutseno 34 composting Biotech http://www.vapo.fi Stack Stormossenintie 56, 66530 Koivulahti, 13 Stormossen Oy Mustasaari 32 composting http://www.stormossen.fi

2.3 Rendering and waste burning plants

In Finland some types of animal wastes are processed in rendering plants. These are mainly animal wastes, which treatment is regulated so that those must be rendered. For example animals which die in farms in western and southern Finland must be collected and rendered. Also incineration of animal fat can be done as a part of processes in rendering plants. At the moment main part of animal fat produced in rendering plants is used as a raw material for biodiesel production.

In Finland rendering plants are located in Honkajoki and Kaustinen in western Finland, operators are Honkajoki Oy and Findest Protein Oy. Honkajoki is also main shareholder in Findest Protein Oy. Rendering plants in Finland and approximations of their capacity is shown in table 3. Honkajoki Oy has plans to triple its production, based on the fact that nowadays certain waste types are exported to other countries for treatment. On the other hand some waste is also imported to Finland for treatment.

Table 3: Rendering plants in Finland

Type of Operating Location Capacity treatment company (municipality) Contact details 1000 t/a Santastentie 197, 39950 Honkajoki Rendering plant Honkajoki Oy Honkajoki 85 http://www.honkajokioy.fi Tarhatie 25, 69600 Kaustinen Rendering plant Findest Protein Oy Kaustinen 32 http://www.findestprotein.fi/

Waste burning (burning municipal waste without very detailed separation) is a common solution of waste treatment in several European countries. In Finland however there is only one this type of plant in city of Turku. Right now discussions and legal processes are going on to construct several new municipal waste burning plants to reduce amount of waste going to landfills. These processes are going on for example in Helsinki metropolitan area. However it will take years before all processes are over and plants are running.

3 Future projections of organic waste treatment

3.1 Planned organic waste treatment plants and financial value of investments

In Finland there are several on-going biogas plant projects, which should be implemented in few years. However development of investments is connected to decision on the feed-in tariff for biogas, which does’t exist yet. The list of plants in table 4 is based on data collected from Finland’s Environmental Administration, Bionova Engineering, Finnish Biogas Association and few other sources. Only such plans have been listed that already have an investor or environmental permit. The plants under preliminary design have not been taken into account, number of these is remarkable because of plans to set a feed-in tariff. If all the plants will be constructed, the total investment is estimated to be 70 million EUR.

Table 4. Planned biogas plants in Finland Location Investor Capacity Feedstock Progress Vampula VamBio Oy 120 000 t/a Industrial sludge, Construction work 04/2010 manure Forssa Envor Biotech Oy 28 000 t/a 2. ja 3. class animal- Construction work 2009 Investment 5,5 M€ based waste, bio- waste Kitee Biokymppi Oy 19 000 t/a Bio-waste, cattle Environmental permit Investment 4,7 M€ manure, municipal 3/2008. Toiminta alkaa sludge, energy crops 7/2009. Nykarleby Jeppo Kraft 90 000 t/a Manure, potato Construction work 2009 Investment 7-8 M€ residues Jämsänkoski Jätehuoltoyhtiö Erkki 120 000 t/a Industrial, agricultural Construction work 2010 Salminen and and municipal organic Biovakka Suomi Oy waste Investment 6-8 M€. Kaustinen Lassila & Tikanoja Oyj 105 000 t/a Bio-waste, agricultural Environmental Impact waste, sludge Evaluation in 2004. Nastola Biovakka Suomi Oy 60 000, Industrial by-products, Environmental Impact Investment 7-8 M€ 120 000 or sludge, biomass Evaluation ready 240 000 t/a Valkeala Kymen Bioenergia Oy 19 000 t/a Municipal sludge, Application for plants, industrial waste environmental permit 02/2007 Maaninka MTT & Savonia AMK Experimental Agricultural sludge na. plant Maalahti Malax-bioenergi Ab 19 500 t/a agricultural and Environmental permit municipal sludge, 5/2007 animal waste Siikajoki Karinnnuotta Oy - Cattle manure Application for environmental permit 2007 Hämeenlinna / Kiertokapula Oy 40 000 t/a Biowaste, municipal Valmistuu noin 2010 Hyvinkää sludge Nurmo / Lapua Heikas Oy 120 000 n/a Industrial and Application for Investment 8 M€. agricultural sludge environmental permit 2008 Virolahti Haminan Energia Oy 17 000 t/a Animal feed, manure, Construction work 2009- bio-waste 2010

Because of feed-in tariff, most investment plans are connected to biogas production. There is a few composting plant plans too, which should start operating soon. Stack composting plants are planned for example by Hämeen Hyötymateriaalit Oy in Hämeenkyrö for the treatment of waste water sludge and Veljekset Luttinen Ay in Tyrnävä for the treatment of potato waste. Closed composting plants are planned by MahtiRahti Ky in Jaala and Biopallo Systems Oy in Iisalmi. Other plans connected to organic waste treatment are mainly connected to bioethanol production by ST1 Biofuels Oy. Also Honkajoki Oy plans to increase capacity of their rendering plant.

New governmental climate and energy strategy for Finland was introduced in November 2008. To reach the targets of the strategy, biogas should be produced 500 GWh / year until 2020 in reactor plants. Since now less than 200 GWh / year is produced, there is a need for significant amount of new plants. Harshly it can estimated, that approximately 30 new plants with the investments of more than 100 MEUR would be needed to fullfill the targets, althought total demands depend on technologies and raw materials used.

At the moment (autumn 2009) a lot of new entrepreneurs are interested in biogas production of agricultural wastes and manure. On the other hand municipal waste management companies are also interested in biogas as an alternative for composting. Final decisions of raw materials, plant sizes and technologies are not yet made because of lack of decision about feed-in tariff. (see more: Chapter 3.2.3)

3.2 Public subsidies offered for organic waste treatment plants

As part of EU’s climate actions, Finnish renewable energy production should have a share of 38 % by 2020. Utilization of organic waste in energy production is favourable to reach this goal. Two ministries (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Employment and Economy) offer grants to accelerate green investments in Finland. Another driver can be feed-in tariff for biogas, a guaranteed price-level in electricity production.

National bio-waste strategy was composed in 2004 to fulfil EU’s landfill directive, which targets to improve bio-waste separation and treatment. It states that 40 % of organic waste in 2009 and 25 % of organic waste in 2016 is allowed to be placed on landfills. Hence there will be more organic waste available for treatment plants and more business possibilities.

3.2.1 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, grant for bioenergy production

In the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry the grant for bioenergy production is a new tool to support decentralized bioenergy production and entrepreneurship in the countryside. The grant targets to utilize more efficiently farm-based feedstock for biogas, bio-waste from food industry and sludge from different sources. First applications were handled in 2008 and the next possibility will be given in 2009 if budget enables funding.

Grants can be offered to companies, municipalities or other communities. The maximum level of funding is 45 % of the total costs. As exception middle-sized enterprises can receive 55 % and small enterprises 65 % of their expenses. Only those projects that would not realize without funding will be accepted. Environmental effects of the investment must be evaluated before application. 2

In 2009 15 biogas plant projects will receive grants, which corresponds to 8 million EUR. All investments have a total value of 22 million EUR and for almost all of them the public funding was 35 %. Preference was set to projects that - Used manure and plant-based biomass as feedstock - Had a large capacity - Were located in the area with several animal farms - Will provide educational information 3

This source of funding is expected to be fully replaced by the feed-in tariff.

3.2.2 Ministry of Employment and Economy, Energy grant

Energy grant is discretionary directed to projects and plant investments that decrease CO2 emissions. It aims at either replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy or saving energy. Biogas plants fall into the first category and have been granted for example in Kitee. Companies, communities and associations can apply for a grant but private persons, residences and farms are excluded. Farms will be subsidised by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

At national level, totally 55 million EUR of grants will be distributed annually and an extra budget of 30 million EUR is approved for 2009. Ministry of Employment and Economy aligns regularly how different forms of energy will be subsidised. In general, municipalities can receive a grant of 40-60 % for energy surveys. In investment projects the grant can cover 15-30 % of the total value. In practise the level of 20- 25 % is reached to be able to start as many projects as possible. Energy grant is meant for investments

2 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 6.7.2009. 3 Vainio-Mattila, B., Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 6.7.2009.

© Bionova Engineering Market research: Organic waste treatment in Finland 14/30 that exceed 8000 EUR. The largest projects (over 3 million EUR) should be forwarded to the Ministry of Employment and Economy but other applications are handled regionally. 4

This source of funding is expected to be fully replaced by the feed-in tariff.

3.2.3 Feed-in Tariff for Electricity Produced by Biogas

Government has set a goal to increase electricity production in the biogas plants by implementing a so- called feed-in tariff. It refers to a guaranteed electricity price-level for energy producers. Legislation should be completed by autumn 2009 and feed-in tariff system would start in 2010. 5

The amount of feed-in tariff and the mechanism of the system is essential in the biogas business. So far only recommendations for feed-in tariff have been summarized in the report of Ministry of Employment and Economy (5.12.2007). 6 The working group proposes the prize-level of 18 c/kWh. They also compare feed-in tariffs in other countries and examine different feed-in tariff systems, effect of plant sizes and types, controlling mechanisms and time span. If tariff would be 18 c/kWh, it is estimated that 0,5-0,6 TWh of electricity is produced by biogas in 2020. In this case, renewable energy would be subsidised by 90-110 million EUR annually.

One of the challenges is to support biogas as vehicle fuel as well. If only electricity production is subsidised, it leaves transport sector in secondary position. To avoid this, there are some plans to cover both electricity and fuel production in the biogas tariff.

4 Ministry of Employment and Economy, 6.7.2009. 5 Vainio-Mattila, B., Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 6.7.2009. 6 http://www.tem.fi/files/18256/Biokaasutariffi_tr_raportti_191207.pdf

4 Typical treatment of certain organic waste types

Current aspects of organic waste treatment methods are shortly discussed in this chapter. Treatment solutions for different organic waste fractions are presented and completed by economical evaluation of treatment costs.

4.1 Treatment solutions

4.1.1 Municipal sludge

Municipal sludge is typically processed in the wastewater treatment plants. The largest treatment plants are biogas reactors and have been operating since several decades e.g. in Helsinki and Tampere. In the smaller towns digestion hasn’t been seen as economical solution yet. In the future treatment plants are to be renovated or re-built, which brings biogas production into consideration again. The rise of energy costs puts pressure to use more and more anaerobic digestion, because it enables the heat and electricity production for the wastewater treatment. Also possible feed-in tariff may increase amount of biogas reactors in small waste water treatment plants.

4.1.2 Treatment of industrial sludge

Industrial sludge is commonly treated in the municipal wastewater treatment plant or regional composting plant, if the capacity is sufficient. So far, this kind of outsourcing has been the most efficient way, since industrial players can concentrate on their core competences. If regional waste treatment supply doesn’t meet the industrial demand, other solutions must be found.

Some of the sludge can be reused, which turns waste into product like animal feed or process feedstock. If demand of such by-product would decrease, it must be treated as waste. Then the most probable options are transporting the waste to a further treatment (composting) or constructing an own plant next to . In the second case, chemical-biological wastewater treatment plant, biogas digestion unit, composting or a combination of these are to be considered.

4.1.3 Bio-waste treatment

The most common way to treat bio-waste is to compost it, but biogas plants are being planned, too. In the composting plants some problems may arise from increasing storage volumes and actual use for compost. Centralized digestion and post-composting plants, where compost is for instance refined into

© Bionova Engineering Market research: Organic waste treatment in Finland 16/30 pellets, could offer an interesting opportunity in the future. Dry fermentation of municipal bio-waste has become common especially in Germany.

4.1.4 Treatment of agricultural waste

Agricultural sludge refers mainly to cattle and pig manure, which is applied to fields as fertilizer. However, raw manure causes odour problems for the villages and nutrient leakage into water systems. Digestion treatment helps to neutralize odours and reduces insoluble nitrogen compounds. That is, less nutrients drift into lakes and rivers. In addition, biogas plants improve energy independence in the countryside. Feed-in tariff can also increase profitability of agricultural biogas plants. Biogas plants can be constructed either farm-based or several farms can form a centralized unit. Until today there is only a few biogas plants build based on agricultural waste, main reason is lack of economical profitability.

4.2 Costs of treatment

Pöyry Environment Oy has researched cost efficiency of different sludge treatment methods in Finland. The results are summarized by Bionova Engineering in Table 5 . 7

Table 5: Sludge treatment – methods and costs. 8 Treatment cost Treatment method (post treatment) EUR/t Additional notes Composting 71-80 The common way of treatment Biogas reactor and post composting 44-94 More economical in large plants Biogas reactor and thermal drying 63-163 More expensive compared to post-composting Biogas process for manure 31-79 Fertilizer for fields cheapest option, if possible Thermal drying 44-95 Requires cheap energy for steam production Incineration 70-123 Incineration plants still under planning Kemicond 39-66 Not many experiences yet Lime stabilisation 30-40 Suitable for small-scale process Large variation, 1. Biogas process cost efficient in large scale Summary economy of scale 2. Feed-in tariff can be crucial benefit for small- important scale biogas plants

Refering to Table 5 and appendixes, biogas process is more cost efficient compared to composting in large scale. Post-treatment of digested material includes application on fields (animal manure) or post- composting. On the other hand small-scale biogas production hasn’t yet gained competitiveness compared to other technologies. The possible feed-in tariff can affect positively both the profitability of large biogas plants and the competitiveness of small-scale biogas plants in the future.

7 Lietteenkäsittelyn nykytila Suomessa ja käsittelymenetelmien kilpailukyky –report, http://www.sitra.fi/NR/rdonlyres/BFCEC181-4AD7-4B1A-B7B6-27045F8280FC/0/Lietteenk%C3%A4sittely.pdf 8 Pöyry Environment Oy (2007): Lietteenkäsittelyn nykytila Suomessa ja käsittelymenetelmien kilpailukyky -selvitys

Appendix 1: List of working biogas plants in Finland

Operating Type of Location Capacity company or Contact details treatment (municipality) 1000 t/a organisation PL 1100, 00099 Helsingin 1 Biogas Helsingin Vesi Helsinki 500 kaupunki, www.helsinki.fi

PL 100, 27801 Säkylä, 2 Biogas Apetit Suomi Oy Säkylä 460 www.apetit.fi

Hyljeluodontie 5, 02270 Espoo, 3 Biogas Espoon Vesi Espoo 300 www.espoo.fi

Tampereen Vesi, PL 487, 33101 Tampere, 4 Biogas Tampere 200 Viinikanlahti ww.w.tampere.fi

Lahti Aqua Oy, Satamakatu 2 B, 15140 Lahti, 5 Biogas Lahti 120 Kariniemi www.lahti.fi

Biovakka Oy, Kalannintie 191, 23200 Vehmaa, 6 Biogas Vehmaa 120 Vehmaa www.biovakka.fi

Stormossvägen 56, 66530 7 Biogas Stormossen Oy Mustasaari 85 Koivulahti, www.stormossen.fi

Lahti Aqua Oy, Satamakatu 2 B, 15140 Lahti, 8 Biogas Lahti 80 Ali-Juhakkala www.lahti.fi Paroistentie 7, 13600 Hämeenlinnan 9 Biogas Hämeenlinna Hämeenlinna, 72 seudun Vesi Oy www.hameenlinna.fi

10 Biogas Kuopion vesi Kuopio Suokatu 42 C, 70110 Kuopio 70

Biovakka Oy, Kalannintie 191, 23200 Vehmaa, 11 Biogas Turku 63 Turku www.biovakka.fi

Tampere vesi, PL 487, 33101 Tampere, 12 Biogas Tampere 60 Rahola ww.w.tampere.fi

Lakeuden Etappi Laskunmäentie 15, 60760 13 Biogas Ilmajoki 50 Oy Pojanluoma, www.etappi.com City of Joensuu, Torikatu 38 B, 80100 Joensuu, 14 Biogas waste water Joensuu 46 www.joensuu.fi department Jyväskylän Raivionsuntti 10, 40520 15 Biogas Seudun Jyväskylä 42 Jyväskylä, www.js-puhdistamo.fi Puhdistamo Oy City of Mikkeli, PL 278, 50101 Mikkeli, 16 Biogas Mikkeli 40 waste water plant www.mikkeli.fi

Operating Type of Location Capacity company or Contact details treatment (municipality) 1000 t/a organisation

17 Biogas Chips Oy Ab Finström Haraldsby 22410 Godby, Finland <30

City of Riihimäki, Eteläinen Asemakatu 2, 11130 18 Biogas Riihimäki <30 waste water plant RIIHIMÄKI City of Elverksgatan 1, 22100 19 Biogas Maarianhamina, Maarianhamina <20 MARIEHAMN waste water plant

20 Biogas Satakierto Oy Köyliö Luvalahdentie 323, 27710 Köyliö <20

City of Forssa, 21 Biogas Forssa Talsoilankatu 18, 30420 FORSSA <15 waste water plant Municipality of 22 Biogas Nurmijärvi, waste Nurmijärvi PL 37, 01901 NURMIJÄRVI <10 waterplant

23 Biogas Laihia municipality Laihia Isokyläntie, Laihia <5

24 Biogas City of Salo Salo Satamakatu, 24100 SALO <5

Vaajakoskentie 104, 41310 25 Biogas Kalmari Erkki Laukaa <5 Leppävesi

Junttila Helge, 26 Biogas Nivala Junttilantie 37, 85500 NIVALA <5 Heikki ja Pirkko

Eräjärventie 1037 27 Biogas Risto Lemmetty Orivesi <5 35220 ERÄJÄRVI

Sulkavantie 57, 34930 28 Biogas Hannu Koivunen Virrat <5 Liedenpohja

Haapajärven 29 Biogas Haapajärvi Erkkiläntie 1, 85800 Haapajärvi <5 ammattiopisto

Vuorenmaa Janne, Virtalantie 47 30 Biogas Haapavesi <5 Ville ja Tuula 86650 KYTÖKYLÄ

Venetjärventie 65, 69510 31 Biogas Harri Riihimäki Halsua <5 HALSUA

Hannula Anne ja 32 Biogas Kalajoki Simintie 112, 85140 TYNKÄ <5 Pekka;

MTT research 33 Biogas Sotkamo Kipinäntie 16, 88600 Sotkamo <2 institute

Kurenvaarantie 49, 80400 34 Biogas Simosbiogas Oy Liperi <2 Ylämylly

Kantoniemi Riitta Asmuntijoentie 39 35 Biogas Pudasjärvi <2 ja Alpo 93195 Kokkokylä

Appendix 2: List of working composting plants

Type of Operating company Location Capacity treatment or organisation (municipality) Contact details 1000 t/a Ronsuntaipaleentie 204, 40500 1 Composting Mustankorkea Oy Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Website: 74 http://www.mustankorkea.fi Lauttakyläntie 570, 27500 Kauttua, 2 Composting Biolan Oy Eura 55 www.biolan.fi Voimalankatu 56, 30420 Forssa, 3 Composting Envor Biotech Oy Forssa 55 www.envor.fi Helsinki metropolitan Ämmässuontie 8, 02820 Espoo 4 Composting Espoo 49 area council Website: www.ytv.fi Sapelikatu 47, 15150 Lahti, 5 Composting Kujalan Komposti Oy Lahti http://www.phj.fi/jateasema/kujalanko 45 mposti.html Pirkanmaan Jätehuolto Naulakatu 2 33100 Tampere, 6 Composting Tampere 35 Oy http://www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Type of Operating company Location Capacity Contact details treatment or organisation (municipality) 1000 t/a 7 Composting Salvor Oy Turku Hopeatie 2, 00440 Helsinki <30 8 Composting JM-Ekoturve Oy Anjalankoski Maurinkuja 10, 46800 Anjalankoski <30 9 Composting Oulun Jätehuolto Oy Oulu Ruskoniityntie 10, 90630 Oulu <30 10 Composting Kuljetus Sinkkonen Oy Anjalankoski Metsäkulmantie 246, 45610 Koria <30 11 Composting Rosk'n Roll Oy Ab Hanko Munkkaanmäki 51, 08500 Lohja <30 12 Composting Rinnekoti-Säätiö Espoo Rinnekodintie 10, 02980 Espoo <30 13 Composting Kiertokapula Oy Hyvinkää Kapulasillantie 2, 05880 Hyvinkää <30 14 Composting Vapo Oy Nurmijärvi Iivarin metsätie, 01900 Nurmijärvi <30 15 Composting Lakeuden Etappi Oy Nurmo Laulateentie 90, 60460 Isokoski <30 Maa- ja 16 Composting pihatyöurakointi L. Pietarsaari Kulneffinkatu 16,68600 Pietarsaari <15 Adler Keski-Pohjanmaan 17 Composting Himanka Raumankarintie 2, 68100 Himanka <15 Komposti Oy 18 Composting Vapo Oy Biotech Anjalankoski Ekokaari 50, 46860 Keltakangas <10 19 Composting Biotek Group Oy Kyyjärvi Jyväskyläntie 31a, 43100 Saarijärvi <10 20 Composting Jouko Markkula Loimaa Joenperäntie 94, 32200 Loimaa <10 21 Composting Metsäsairila Oy Mikkeli Metsä-sairilantie 18, 53350 Norola <10 22 Composting Mäntsälä municipality Mäntsälä Heikinkuja 4, 04600 Mäntsälä <10 23 Composting Napapiirin Vesi Oy Rovaniemi Koskikatu 27 B 301, 96100 Rovaniemi <10 City of Savonlinna, 24 Composting waste water Savonlinna Olavinkatu 27, 57130 Savonlinna <10 department City of Varkaus, 25 Composting Akonniemi waste water Varkaus PL 208, 78201 Varkaus <10 plant 26 Composting Natural Compost Oy Veteli PL 3, 69601 Kaustinen <10 Pohjois-Satakunnan 27 Composting Kankaanpää Ruusilantie, 38700 Kankaanpää <5 Jätteidenkäsittely Oy City of Helsinki, 28 Composting Helsinki Mustikkamaanpolku 12, Helsinki <5 Korkeasaari Zoo 29 Composting City of Loimaa, water Loimaa Myllykyläntie, 32200 Loimaa <5

department 30 Composting Raahen Vesi Oy Raahe Ruskatie 1, 92140 Pattijoki <5 Konepalvelu 31 Composting Savonlinna Koulutie 55 B 11, 57710 Savonlinna <5 Suomalainen Oy, 32 Composting Siilinjärvi municipality Siilinjärvi Kasurilantie 1, 71800 Siilinjärvi <5 33 Composting City of Suonenjoki Suonenjoki Herralantie 6, 77600 Suonenjoki <5 34 Composting Ilomantsi municipality Ilomantsi Soihtulantie 7, 82900 Ilomantsi <2 35 Composting Erkki Salminen Oy Jämsänkoski Myllyharjuntie 8, 42300 Jämsänkoski <2 36 Composting City of Kitee Kitee Kiteentie 25, 82500 Kitee <2 37 Composting Mykora Oy Kiukainen Kirkkokallio 20, 38950 Honkajoki <2 Kuhmoinen 38 Composting Kuhmoinen Toritie 34a, 17800 Kuhmoinen <2 municipality 39 Composting Varkaus municipality Leppävirta PL 208, 78201 Varkaus <2 City of Orivesi, waste 40 Composting Orivesi Keskustie 23, 35300 Orivesi <2 water plant 41 Composting Lihavara Oy Oulu Krouvintie 6, 90400 Oulu <2 42 Composting Bovallius palvelut Oy Pieksämäki Hallipussi 1, 76100 Pieksämäki <2 43 Composting Tikalan Oy Saarijärvi Jyväskyläntie 31a, 43100 Saarijärvi <2 Savonlinnan Seudun 44 Composting Savonlinna Olavinkatu 27, 57130 Savonlinna <2 Jätehuolto Oy Utsjoki municipality, 45 Composting Karigasniemi water Utsjoki PL 41, 99980 Utsjoki <2 plant 46 Composting Poni-Haka Oy Vantaa Ratsumestarintie 6, 01200 Vantaa <2

Appendix 3: List of working stack composting plants

Type of Operating company Location Capacity Contact details treatment or organisation (municipality) 1000 t/a

Stack Metsäpirtintie 248, Sipoo. 1 Helsingin Vesi Sipoo 91 composting www.helsinki.fi Pirkanmaan Stack Koukkujärventie 361, 37130 Nokia, 2 Jätehuolto Oy, Nokia 60 composting www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Koukkujärvi Pirkanmaan Stack Tarastenjärventie 66, Tampere, 3 Jätehuolto Oy, Tampere 50 composting www.pirkanmaan-jatehuolto.fi Tarastenjärvi Stack Hulkonmäentie 130, 54190 4 Vapo Oy Biotech Joutseno 34 composting Konnunsuo, www.vapo.fi Stack Koillis-Savon 5 Juankoski Juankoskentie 7, 73500 Juankoski 38 composting Ympäristöhuolto Oy

Stack Kantokyläntie 63, 36600 Pälkäne, 6 Humuspehtoori Oy Pälkäne 37 composting www.humuspehtoori.fi

Stack Stormossenintie 56, 66530 Koivulahti, 7 Stormossen Oy Mustasaari 32 composting www.stormossen.fi

Type of Operating company Location Capacity Contact details treatment or organisation (municipality) 1000 t/a Stack Atriantie 1 Nurmo, PL 900 60060 8 Atria Oy Nurmo <30 composting ATRIA Stack Kasarmintie 29, PL 35 90015 OULUN 9 Oulun Vesi Oulu <30 composting KAUPUNKI Stack Outokummun kaupunki, PL 47 83501 10 City of Outokumpu Outokumpu <30 composting Outokumpu Stack 11 Vapo Oy Biotech Teuva Heinätie 55, 64701 TEUVA <30 composting Stack 12 Stora Enso Oyj Hamina PL 62-63, 48101 Kotka <30 composting Kainuu waste Stack 13 management, Eko- Kajaani Viestitie 2, 87700 Kajaani <30 composting Kymppi Stack 14 Kotkan Vesi Oy Kotka Kotkantie 6, 48200 Hovinsaari, Kotka <30 composting

Evijärven Stack 15 kompostilantalinkki Evijärvi Nauriskalliontie 120, 62500 EVIJÄRVI <15 composting osuuskunta

Stack Vehkosuon Komposti 16 Kangasala Keljontie 305 36420 SAHALAHTI <15 composting Oy

Stack Kokkolan kaupunki, PL 43, 67101 17 City of Kokkola Kokkola <15 composting Kokkola Stack 18 Jätekukko Oy Kuopio PL 2500, 70101 Kuopio <15 composting

Stack Lammin 19 Lempäälä Puutarhatie 7, 37500 Lempäälä <15 composting Puutarhamulta Stack Turun Seudun 20 Raisio Isosuontie 5, Raisio <15 composting Jätehuolto Oy

Stack Riihimäen kaupunki, Kalevankatu 1, 21 City of Riihimäki Riihimäki <15 composting 11100 Riihimäki

Stack 22 Evijärven Peruna Oy Evijärvi Anttikoskentie 201, 62500 Evijärvi <10 composting Stack Hämeenlinnan Paroistentie 7, 13600 Paroinen, 23 Hämeenlinna <10 composting seudun Vesi Oy Hämeenlinna Joensuun Seudun Stack Jätehuolto Oy, Joensuun Seudun Jätehuolto, 24 Joensuu <10 composting Kontiosuon Torikatu 38, 80100 Joensuu jäteasema Stack Kajaanin kaupunki, Pohjolankatu 13, 25 City of Kajaani Kajaani <10 composting 87100 Kajaani

Stack Kajaanin kaupunki, Pohjolankatu 13, 26 City of Kajaani Kajaani <10 composting 87100 Kajaani Jokelan Stack Pauli Tilvis Kalajoentie 5, 85100 27 Luomukomposti Kalajoki <10 composting KALAJOKI Osuuskunta Stack Kalajoen Komposti 28 Kalajoki Holmantie 96, 85100 KALAJOKI <10 composting Osuuskunta Stack Kuusamon Energia- 29 Kuusamo Erauspojantie 3, 93600 Kuusamo <10 composting ja vesiosuuskunta

Stack Lapinlahti Lapinjärven kunta, Lapinjärventie 20 30 Lapinlahti <10 composting municipality A, 07800 LAPINJÄRVI

Stack Nilsiän kaupunki, PL 32, 73301 31 City of Nilsiä Nilsiä <10 composting NILSIÄ Stack Andelslaget Oravais 32 Oravainen Komossantie 266 66820 KOMOSSA <10 composting Kompost Stack 33 Oulun Jätehuolto Oy Oulu Ruskonniityntie 10, 90630 Oulu <10 composting Stack Turun seudun 34 Parainen Ajurinkatu 2, 20100 Turku <10 composting jätehuolto Oy Stack Itä-Uudenmaan 35 Porvoo Ritamäentie 20, 06200 PORVOO <10 composting Jätehuolto Oy Stack Jokilaakson komposti Jokilaakson Ympäristö Oy, Antinkatu 36 Ulvila <10 composting Oy 2, 28100 PORI

Stack Uudenkaupungin kaupunki, 37 City of Uusikaupunki Uusikaupunki <10 composting Välskärintie 2 C, 23500 Uusikaupunki

Lietevarasto & Stack Harri Tapanainen, Valkkistentie 314, 38 Komposti Harri Vesilahti <10 composting 37420 Valkkinen Tapanainen Stack Meotek, Takamaantie 527 39 Meotek Oy Elimäki <5 composting 45610 KORIA Stack Jätehuolto Kropsu Laitakarintie 22, 90850 40 Haukipudas <5 composting Oy MARTINNIEMI

Stack Hirvensalmen Vesi Hirvensalmen kunta, Keskustie 2, 41 Hirvensalmi <5 composting Oy 52550 HIRVENSALMI

Stack Huittisten kaupunki, Risto Rytin katu 42 City of Huittinen Huittinen <5 composting 36, 32700 HUITTINEN

Stack Janakkala Janakkalan Vesi, Juttilantie 1, 14200 43 Janakkala <5 composting municipality TURENKI Stack Jämsänseudun 44 Jämsä Esankatu 6, 42100 JÄMSÄ <5 composting Jätehuolto Oy Stack Ylöjärven kaupunki, PL 22, 33471 45 Kuru municipality Kuru <5 composting Ylöjärvi Stack Lieksan kaupunki, Rantalantie 6 46 City of Lieksa Lieksa <5 composting 81720 LIEKSA

Stack 47 Metsäsairila Oy Mikkeli Porrassalmenkatu 1 A, 50100 Mikkeli <5 composting

Stack Nurmijärvi Nurmijärven kunta, Keskustie 2b, 48 Nurmijärvi <5 composting municipality 01900 Nurmijärvi

Stack Pihtipudas Pihtiputaan kunta, Keskustie 9, 44800 49 Pihtipudas <5 composting municipality Pihtipudas

Stack Raahen kaupunki, PL 62, 92101 50 City of Raahe Raahe <5 composting Raahe

Stack Rovaniemen kaupunki, Hallituskatu 7 51 City of Rovaniemi Rovaniemi <5 composting PL 8216 96101 Rovaniemi

Stack Sammakkokangas 52 Saarijärvi Sivulantie 11, 43100 Saarijärvi <5 composting Oy Stack Perämeren 53 Tornio Kalkkimaantie 614, 95460 Tornio <5 composting Jätehuolto Oy

Stack Nurmeksen kaupunki, Karjalankatu 1, 54 City of Nurmes Nurmes <5 composting 75500 NURMES

Type of Operating company Location Capacity Contact details treatment or organisation (municipality) 1000 t/a Alajärven kaupunki, Tekninen Stack 55 City of Alajärvi Alajärvi toimisto, Alvar Aallontie, 262900 <2 composting Alajärvi Stack 56 Aura municipality Aura Auran kunta, PL 24 21381 AURA <2 composting Enontekiö Stack Enontekiön kunta, Ounastie 165, 57 municipality, Enontekiö <2 composting 99400 ENONTEKIÖ Karesuvanto Enontekiö Stack Enontekiön kunta, Ounastie 165, 58 municipality, Enontekiö <2 composting 99400 ENONTEKIÖ Kilpisjärvi Stack Enontekiö Enontekiön kunta, Ounastie 165, 59 Enontekiö <2 composting municipality, Hetta 99400 ENONTEKIÖ

Stack Haapajärven kaupunki, Kirkkokatu 2, 60 City of Haapajärvi Haapajärvi <2 composting PL 4, 85801 Haapajärvi

Stack Jokilaaksojen Jäte 61 Haapavesi Vestianväylä 80, 84100 Ylivieska <2 composting Oy, Haapavesi

Stack Hankasalmen Hankasalmen kunta, Keskustie 41, 62 Hankasalmi <2 composting Kiinteistöpalvelu 41520 Hankasalmi

Stack Hankasalmi Hankasalmen kunta, Keskustie 41, 63 Hankasalmi <2 composting municipality 41520 Hankasalmi

Hartolan kunnan Stack Hartolan kunta, Kuninkaantie 16, 64 viemärilaitos, Hartola <2 composting 19600 Hartola kirkonkylä Kiinteistö- ja Stack Konepalvelu Hiltunen Huuhinsalontie 19, 79810 65 Heinävesi <2 composting Ky, KARVIONKANAVA kompostointilaitos Stack Isosaaren 66 Helsinki Santahamina, Helsinki <2 composting jätevedenpuhdistamo Stack Honkajoen 67 Honkajoki Porhontie 5, 38950 HONKAJOKI <2 composting vesihuoltolaitos Stack Laskutie 1/Hyrynsalmen Kunta, 68 Vesi-Mega Oy Hyrynsalmi <2 composting 89400 HYRYNSALMI Stack Ylä-Savon Jätehuolto Kankaankatu 1. PL 15 74101 69 Iisalmi <2 composting Oy IISALMI. Stack 70 Timo Niemelä Ilmajoki 60720 TUOMIKYLÄ <2 composting Stack 71 Inarin Lapin Vesi Oy Inari Sairaalantie 3, 99800 IVALO <2 composting Stack Isojoen kunta, Teollisuustie 1 A, 72 Isojoki municipality Isojoki <2 composting 64900 Isojoki Stack Joensuun vesi, Torikatu 38, 80100 73 Joensuun vesi Joensuu <2 composting Joensuu Stack Joutsan kunta, Länsitie 7, PL 20, 74 Joutsa municipality Joutsa <2 composting 19650 JOUTSA Stack Jurvan kunta, Koulutie 8, PL 5, 66301 75 Jurva municipality Jurva <2 composting Jurva Stack Juuan kunta, Poikolantie 1, 83900 76 Juuka municipality Juuka <2 composting Juuka Juvan kunta, Juvantie 13 Stack 77 Juva municipality Juva PL 28 <2 composting 51901 JUVA Stack Viisalanmäentie 408 51890 78 T & T Lintutalo Ay Juva <2 composting RISULAHTI Stack 79 Jämsä municipality Jämsä Seppolantie 10, 42100 Jämsä <2 composting Stack Kärkisen Komposti 80 Kalajoki Kärkisjoentie 15 85150 TYPPÖ <2 composting Osuuskunta Stack Typön 81 Kalajoki Iso-ojantie 269, 85150 TYPPÖ <2 composting Kompostiosuuskunta Stack Kangasniemi Otto Mannisen tie 2, 51200 82 Kangasniemi <2 composting municipality Kangasniemi Stack Kannuksen 83 Kannus Valtakatu 19 A 3, 69100 KANNUS <2 composting Hyötykomposti Oy Stack Karstulan kunta, Virastotie 4, 43500 84 Karstula municipality Karstula <2 composting Karstula

Stack Karttulan kunta, Kissakuusentie 6, 85 Karttula municipality Karttula <2 composting 72100 Karttula

Stack Karvian kunta, Kylä-Karvian tie 17, 86 Karvia municipality Karvia <2 composting 39930 Karvia Stack Kauhavan kunta, Kirkkotie 10, 62200 87 City of Kauhava Kauhava <2 composting KAUHAVA Stack Kaustinen Kappelintie 13, PL 10, 69601 88 Kaustinen <2 composting municipality Kaustinen Stack Keiteleen kunta, PL 14, 72601 89 Keitele municipality Keitele <2 composting KEITELE Stack Kemin kunta, Valtakatu 26, 94100 90 City of Kemi Kemi <2 composting Kemi Stack Kemiön kunta, Malmvägen 2, 25900 91 Kemiö municipality Kemiö <2 composting Dalsbruk Lakeuden Stack 92 Keskuspuhdistamo Kempele Kurikkatie 14, 90440 KEMPELE <2 composting Oy Stack 93 city of Keuruu Keuruu KANTOLANTIE 6, 42700 KEURUU <2 composting Stack Kihniön kunta, Kihniöntie 46, 39820 94 Kihniö municipality Kihniö <2 composting Kihniö Stack Kinnulan kunta, Keskustie 45, 43900 95 Kinnula municipality Kinnula <2 composting KINNULA Stack Kirkkonummen kunta, PL 20, 02401 96 Aktiivikeskus Kirkkonummi <2 composting Kirkkonummi Stack 97 Kyrön Vesihuolto Oy Kittilä Lahenrannantie 7 99300 MUONIO <2 composting Stack 98 Levin Vesihuolto Oy Kittilä Isotaalontie 401, 99130 SIRKKA <2 composting Stack Kivijärven kunta, Virastotie 5, 43800 99 Perkaus landfill Kivijärvi <2 composting KIVIJÄRVI

Stack Kokemäen kaupunki, Tulkkilantie 2, 100 city of Kokemäki Kokemäki <2 composting 32800 Kokemäki

Stack Korppoon kunta, Virastotalo 21710 101 Korppoo municipality Korppoo <2 composting KORPPOO

Stack Korsnäs municipality, Korsnäsin kunta, Strandvägen 4323, 102 Korsnäs <2 composting Kyrkby 66200 KORSNÄS

Stack Korsnäs municipality, Korsnäsin kunta, Strandvägen 4323, 103 Korsnäs <2 composting fur manure treatment 66200 KORSNÄS

Stack Kauhavan kunta, Kirkkotie 10, 62200 104 Kauhava municipality Kauhava <2 composting KAUHAVA Stack Kosken TL kunta, Härkätie 5, 31500 105 Koski municipality Koski <2 composting Koski Tl Stack Kuhmon kaupunki, PL 15, 88901 106 City of Kuhmo Kuhmo <2 composting Kuhmo Stack Kuopion Vesi, 107 Kuopio PL 1097, 70111 KUOPIO <2 composting Melalahti Stack Kuopion Vesi, 108 Kuopio PL 1097, 70111 KUOPIO <2 composting Vehmersalmi

Stack Kyyjärven kunta, Honkalehdontie 8, 109 Kyyjärven landfill Kyyjärvi <2 composting 43700 Kyyjärvi

Stack Kärsämäen 110 Kärsämäki Haapajärventie 1, 86710 Kärsämäki <2 composting Vesihuolto Oy

Stack Näkäräisentaatankuja 1 23800 111 Maahinen Oy Laitila <2 composting LAITILA

Stack Lappajärvi Lappajärven kunta, Maneesintie 5, 112 Lappajärvi <2 composting municipality 62600 Lappajärvi

Stack Leppävirta Leppävirran kunta, Savonkatu 39, 113 Leppävirta <2 composting municipality 79100 Leppävirta

Stack Lestijärven kunta, Lestintie 39 69440 114 Lestijärvi municipality Lestijärvi <2 composting Lestijärvi Stack Lieksan kaupunki, Rantalantie 6 115 City of Lieksa Lieksa <2 composting 81720 LIEKSA

Stack Liljendalin kunta, Bäckasinkuja 1A 116 Liljendal municipality Liljendal <2 composting 07880 Liljendal

Loviisan kaupunki, Mannerheiminkatu Stack 117 City of Loviisa Loviisa 4, <2 composting 07900 LOVIISA Stack Luumäen kunta, Linnalantie 33, PL 118 Luumäki municipality Luumäki <2 composting 13, 54501 TAAVETTI Stack Merijärven kunta, Kunnantie 1 86220 119 Merijärvi municipality Merijärvi <2 composting Merijärvi

Stack Merikarvia Merikarvian kunta, Kauppatie 40, 120 Merikarvia <2 composting municipality 29900 Merikarvia

Stack Muonion kunta, Puthaanrannantie 15, 121 Muonio municipality Muonio <2 composting 99300 Muonio

Stack Mäntyharju Mäntyharjun kunta, Asematie3, 52700 122 Mäntyharju <2 composting municipality Mäntyharju

Stack 123 Nauvo municipality Nauvo Nauvon kunta, PL 13, 21661 Nauvo <2 composting Stack Oulaisten kaupunki, PL 22, 86301 124 City of Oulainen Oulainen <2 composting Oulainen

Stack Paltamon kunta, Vaarankyläntie 7, 125 Paltamo municipality Paltamo <2 composting 88300 PALTAMO Parikkala Stack Parikkalan kunta, Harjukuja 6, 59100 126 municipality, Parikkala <2 composting Parikkala Niukkala Parikkala Stack Parikkalan kunta, Harjukuja 6, 59100 127 municipality, Parikkala <2 composting Parikkala Särkisalmi Stack Pyhä-Luoston Vesi Sodankyläntie 1, 98500 128 Pelkosenniemi <2 composting Oy PELKOSENNIEMI Stack Pellon vesihuolto- VÄYLÄNVARRENTIE 9B, 95700 129 Pello <2 composting osuuskunta PELLO

Stack 130 Perho municipality Perho Perhon kunta, PL 20, 69951 PERHO <2 composting

Stack 131 Perniö municipality Perniö Lupajantie 1, 25500 PERNIÖ <2 composting

Stack Pieksämäen kaupunki, Pertinkuja 1 132 City of Pieksämäki Pieksämäki <2 composting PL 125, 76101 Pieksämäki

Stack Posion Aholan 133 Posio Kirkkotie 1 97900 POSIO <2 composting vesiosakeyhtiö Stack Pudasjärvi Pudasjärven kaupunki, Varsitie 7, 134 Pudasjärvi <2 composting municipality 93100 Pudasjärvi Stack Pudasjärven 135 Pudasjärvi Puistotie 2 93101 Pudasjärvi <2 composting vesiosuuskunta Stack Punkaharju Punkaharjun kunta, PL 18, 58500 136 Punkaharju <2 composting municipality PUNKAHARJU

Stack Punkalaidun Punkalaitumen kunta, Vesilahdentie 137 Punkalaidun <2 composting municipality 5, 31900 PUNKALAIDUN

Stack Puolanka Puolangan kunta, PL 42, 89201 138 Puolanka <2 composting municipality Puolanka Petäjämaan Stack Pyhäjoen kunta, Kuntatie 1 86100 139 komposti Pyhäjoki <2 composting Pyhäjoki osuuskunta Stack Pyhäjokisuun Vesi 140 Pyhäjoki Vanhatie 46-48 L 11, 86101 Pyhäjoki <2 composting Oy Stack Pyhäjärven kaupunki, Ollintie 26, 141 City of Pyhäjärvi Pyhäjärvi <2 composting 86800 Pyhäjärvi

Stack Pyhäranta Pyhärannan kunta, Pajamäentie 4 142 Pyhäranta <2 composting municipality 23950 Pyhäranta

Joensuun kaupunki, Stack 143 City of Joensuu Pyhäselkä Hammaslahdentie 2, 82200 <2 composting HAMMASLAHTI Stack Pöytyän kunta, PL 14 144 Pöytyä municipality Pöytyä <2 composting 21871 Riihikoski

Stack Rantasalmi Rantasalmen kunta, Poikkitie 2, 145 Rantasalmi <2 composting municipality 58900 Rantasalmi

Stack Siikalatva 146 Siikalatva Sandelsintie 12, 92500 Rantsila <2 composting municipality

Stack Rautalampi Rautalammin kunta, Kuopiontie 11 147 Rautalampi <2 composting municipality 77700 Rautalampi

Stack Rautavaara Rautavaaran kunta, PL 24, 73901 148 Rautavaara <2 composting municipality Rautavaara

Stack Rautjärven kunta, Simpeleentie 12, 149 Rautjärvi municipality Rautjärvi <2 composting 56800 SIMPELE

Stack Reisjärven kunta, Reisjärventie 8, 150 Reisjärvi municipality Reisjärvi <2 composting 85900 Reisjärvi

Stack Syväojantie 7 151 Ruovesi municipality Ruovesi <2 composting 34600 RUOVESI

Stack Rääkkylä Rääkkylän kunta, Kinnulantie 1, 152 Rääkkylä <2 composting municipality 82300 RÄÄKKYLÄ

Stack Sallan kunta, Postipolku 3, 98900 153 Salla municipality Salla <2 composting Salla Stack Sievin kunta, Haikolantie 16, 85410 154 Sievi municipality Sievi <2 composting Sievi Stack 155 Sodankylän Vesi Oy Sodankylä Kasarmintie 10, 99600 SODANKYLÄ <2 composting

Stack Someron kaupunki, Joensuuntie 20, 156 Somero municipality Somero <2 composting 31400 SOMERO

Stack Sulkavan kunta, Kauppatie 1, 157 Sulkava municipality Sulkava <2 composting 58700 Sulkava Suomussalmen kunta, Kauppakatu Stack Suomussalmi 158 Suomussalmi 20 <2 composting municipality 89600 SUOMUSSALMI

Taivalkosken kunta, Stack Taivalkoski 159 Taivalkoski PL 25 <2 composting municipality 93401 TAIVALKOSKI

Stack Tohmajärvi Tohmajärven kunta, Järnefeltintie 1 160 Tohmajärvi <2 composting municipality 82600 TOHMAJÄRVI

Toholammin kunta, Lampintie 5 Stack Toholampi 161 Toholampi 69300 TOHOLAMPI <2 composting municipality

Stack Tuusniemi Tuusniemen kunta, Keskitie 22, 162 Tuusniemi <2 composting municipality 71200 Tuusniemi Stack Urjalan kunta, PL 33 163 Urjala municipality Urjala <2 composting 31761 URJALA Stack Utsjoen kunta, PL 41, 99981 164 Utsjoki municipality Utsjoki <2 composting UTSJOKI Stack Uuraisten kunta, PL 20, 41231 165 Hiirola landfill Uurainen <2 composting Uurainen

Stack Vaalan kunta, Vaalantie 14 166 Vaala municipality Vaala <2 composting 91700 VAALA

Stack Huittisten kaupunki, Risto Rytin katu 167 Huittinen municipality Huittinen <2 composting 36, 32700 HUITTINEN

Stack Varpaisjärvi Varpaisjärven kunta, Kauppatie 20, 168 Varpaisjärvi <2 composting municipality 73200 VARPAISJÄRVI

Stack Vesannon kunta, Sonkarintie 2, 169 Vesanto municipality Vesanto <2 composting 72300 VESANTO

Stack 170 Vihannin Vesi Oy Vihanti Asematie 2 (PL 13), 86401 VIHANTI <2 composting

Stack Viitasaari Viitasaaren kaupunki, Keskitie 10, 171 Viitasaari <2 composting municipality 44500 VIITASAARI

Mänttä-Vilppulan kaupunki, Seppälän Stack 172 Vilppula municipality Vilppula puistotie 15 <2 composting 35800 MÄNTTÄ Stack Virtain kaupunki, Virtaintie 26, 34800 173 Sarvineva Virrat <2 composting Virrat

Stack Äetsä municipality, Sastamalan kaupunki, Aarnontie 2 A, 174 Äetsä <2 composting Keikyä 38200 SASTAMALA

Äänekoski Stack Äänekosken kaupunki, Hallintokatu 4, 175 municipality, Äänekoski <2 composting 44100 Äänekoski Sumiainen Äänekoski Stack Äänekosken kaupunki, Hallintokatu 4, 176 municipality, Ääneskoski <2 composting 44100 Äänekoski Sumiainen