NAMDA CENSUS OF INDIA 1981
SERIES 18 RA.JASTHAN
PART X D
·HANDICRAFT SURVEY REPORT
( A CRAFT STUDY ON FELT INDUSTRY)
Drafted by SHAMSHER SINGH EX-Deputy Dlrector
Finalised by H.S. MEENA Deputy Director
Edited by
S.C. SAXENA joint Director CENSUS OPERA TIONS, RAJAS THAN
(i) FOREWORD
The Indlan handlcrafts are known the world over for thelr rich variety, grace, elegance and skilled craftsmanship. Nevertheless, a number of handlcrafts because of thelr stiff competition with factory-made products, non-availability of raw materials, exhorbltant
increase in the manufacturing cost, lack of proper marketi.ng faclliti es for fini shed products or due to a vari ety of orher reasons have either become exti nct or have reached the moribund stage. After independence, however, a number of schemes were introduced by different government agencies for thelr growth and devel~pment but still this sudden lmpetus have helped only a few crafts to flourish and thereby become spinners of forelgn exchange for the country.
Despite the un~Tque V.::ition belng enjoyed by the handicrafts especial:iy in !lie j<'illm of natlonal economy, the general awareness among the people i.n the country about our crafts and craftsman' had been deplorably poor.
Nothing was practically known about the commodi.ties produced, technlques employed for the manufacture of different objects, raw materials used, thelr availability l methods adopted for the sale of ffni shed products etc.
An attempt was therefore, made in connecti.on with the
1961 Census to study about 150 crafts from diff!;!rent parts of the country with a view to provide basic informatlon on those crafts which were selected for the study. At Ihe 1971 CcnRuH, th£'. Bluely on hnnd1crnftH wnR not taken up but thi s was again revived in connectlon wlth the 1981 Census. There has been, how~ver, some difference between the studies taken up in connection with the Censuses of 1961 and 1981. While the 1961 studi es have covered both rural and urban crafts, the
1981 studies have focussed r:lJcir attention only on traditional rural-based crafts. That apart, the 1981
'stud1es besides touching upon those aspects which were covered under .the 1961 ser:f.es, have laid emphasi s on mat ters that are vi tal for the revi.va1 of rural crafts and thereby for the rejuvenatlon of the economy of the region, particularly the villages. This is in consonance with the policy of the government to give due importance to the rural sector with focus on employment intensive strategy of development in which next to agriculture, the small scale industries and handicrafts playa significant role.
The formats requlred for undertaking the study were formulated by Late Dr. K.P. Ittaman and hls
Colleagues in Social Studles Divislon. This report was examined by Dr. M.K. Jain, Deputy Registrar General, S.S.
Di.vtsi on wi th the help of Smt. Suman Prashar J Deputy
Director of Census Operations. I am grateful to all of them for organising this study.
(iii) The present report is the outcome of a study
undertaken on Felt Industry by the Directorate of Census
Operations, Rajasthan. I have 1.mmense pleasure 1.n acknowledg1.ng the services rendered by Shr1. S.C. Saxena,
Jo1.nt D1.rector and his colleagues in the Census
Directorate for bringing out this publication.
V.S. VERMA NEW DELHI Registrar General,India
(iv) PREFACE
Fi bres obtai ned from vegetable and animal kingdoms are since ancient times being used for various purposes, e.g. for making cloth, coverings strings, ropes yarn, puddings etc.
Wool IH one of t.he 1lI0ul: impor,·ul1'· fibre obl·afueu from I:hc animal kingdom and H-s being very soft_ and fluffy and being capable of holdi ng its other fi bres together when pressed :Is also used for felting besides being used to make yarn since ancient times. The felt sheets are used for various purposes.
Although felt is being manufactured in Rajasthan at many other centres like Jaipur and Jodhpur, the felt prepared at
Tonk is very famous for the artistic work done on mattress and other articles prepared from felt. The artistic work includes embroidery, block printing and applique work etc., usi.ng floral and geometric desi gns and human and ani mal fi gures.
The craft of felt making is mainly practised by Pinjara and
Khatik communities. This study was taken up as an intercensal study for the 1981 Census. However, the report is updated and finalised now.
1 extend my gratitude to Sh.V.S.Vellma,Ex-Registrar
General,lndia and Dr. M.K. Jain, Deputy Registrar
General,lndja for their unfailing help, guidance and encouragement in bringing out this study in its present form.
The present study was ably conducted by Shri. Gladstone
Fernandes, Investi gator assi sted by Sarva Shri Murari Lal
Gupta, Statistical Assistant and Kanhaiya Lal, Proof Reader
(v) under the able supervision and guidance of Shri Shamsher
Si ngh, Ex-Deputy Dj rector who also drafted the report. The report was given it:;;. final touches by Shri. H.S. Meena, Deputy
Director in the lj ght of suggestj ons received from Social
St.udy Division, New Delhi. llcs1des, my appreciations are also due to other members of the staff assod ated wi th tM s Study listed overleaf.
JAIPUR s.c. SAXENA Dated Joint Director Census Operations, Rajasthan
(vi) OTHER Mmmr~S OF THE STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH ~IIS STUDY
WllIA1:I.ON
Shri R.A. Agarwal Investigator
'Shri 1(. C. Gupta Statistical Assistant
Shr1 O.P. Sharma Comput.or
Shrf Arun Kumar Juln Comput~r
Slid V.K. Gupta COlllputor
Shri B.P. Sharma Computor
Shd R.C. Ha"1 rwn Computor
PHOTOGRAPHY
Shr1 R.K. Singh Statistical Assistant
MAPS
Shri IL P. Hi ::-;hra Research Oin cer(Nap)
Shri Pankaj Kumar Geographer
Shrj Nand Lal Draughtsman
TYPING
Shrl Varughese Hathew Senior Stenographer
Shrj Djlip Dadetja Junior Stenographer
lV ii) CONTENTS
f'(ltE\4G.D • I • • , • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • II - TV
"PREJi'ACf~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• V - VI
PART- I REPORT
CH]\P'T'F:R - r History of Oriqin •••••••••••• 1 - 11 and Development
CHAPTER- II Craftmen in their •••••••••• I/, - 44 Rural Settinq CHAPTER - III Process of learning ...... 45 - 57
CHAPTER - IV ,1anufactur.inq process •.••• 58 - 70
CHAPTER - V Mar'keting ...... 71 - 78 CHAPTER - VI Craft and Employment ...... 79 -106 CHAPTER - VII Conclusion •••••••••••••••• 107 -Ill
PART - II APPENDICES
Table 1 to 40 (Based on Households ••••• 112 -:>12 practising the craft) - . -- Table 41 to 63 (Based on Households ...... 213 -281 who left practisinq the craft)
PART -ITI PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOT (viii ) PART -I: REPORT CHAPTER - ~ History of Origin and Development of the Craft Introduction Various type of fibres are used for making cloth and other articles and generally they are first spun followed by weaving or twisting the yarn or thread. The manufacturing of felt differs entirely as it is manufactured ~y pressing or felting, and, not by spinning and weaving the raw material. The raw material used in the manufacturing of felt is mostly lamb-wool. 1.2 Various legends are prevalent amongst the craftsmen about the history of the craft. Accor ding to one version the craft came to India from Naddaf, a place near Tibet. A caravan once started from Naddaf and its members settled at various places including Jaipur, Kota, Sundi and Tonk and spread this craft in these places. Initially they used to make saddles for horses, sheaths for swords, tents and ghu9gies.( A proto-type of rain coat ). During the British regime in India, the craftsmen started making felt sheets of half inch thickness for being used as filtering material and to be used in the manufacturing of ammunition like cartridges etc. ::- 2 -:: 1.3 According to another version, some 16,000 Syrian soldiers came with Mohammad-bin-Qa'sira, the first Muslim invador of India, about one thousand years ago and some of them remained behind in the Indus Velley. Some of these were knowing many crafts including manufacturing of felt. In due course the descendents of these craftsmen migrated to various places like Kashmir, Ladakh, Gujarat and Rajasthan-. 1.4 The craft of felt manufacturing at Tonk and its adjoining areas developed Since the erstwhile Tonk State came into existence in 1806 A.D. Besides Tonk, felt is manufactured at Jaipur and Jodhpur also in Rajasthan State but the artistiC • work on felt is done at Tonk only. Industrial felt is manufactured at all the three centre., l.~ The Caste/Tribe/Community engaged in the manufacturing of felt at Tonk and its adjoining areas are mainly Pinjaras and Khatik. The former are Muslims and the later are Hindus. Among the pinjaras and Khatik community, some of the house holds adopted this craft since 3 - 4 generations ago according to the respondents' version during •• _ 3 _ •• •• •• the survey period. In the course of discussion in the field, respondents had told us that the tradi tional occupation of Pinjaras was ginning and that of Khatiks waS slaughtering. 1.6 The craft Is practised at fifteen centres in Tonk district and at one centre in Ajmer district of which six are urban centres and the remaining ten are rural centres. The urban centres are Malpura, Niwa i, Tonk, Deoli and Uniara of Tonk district and Kekri of Ajmer district. The rural centres are Bagri, Peeploo, Khuradi, Sonwa, Dodwari and Khajooriya villages of Tonk Tehsil, Rajmahal and Dooni villages of Deoli tehsil and Kakod and Aligarh villages of Uniara tehsil of Tonk district. AS per the listing of households engaged In this craft during the presen~ survey during 1~86, 233 households residing in the above mentioned sixteen centres were found practising this craft, as is evident from the following table :- Table- I.! Sex-wise distribution of members of households practiSing the craft at various centres at district level Name of Number of Number of Population of the house- district centres households holds practiSing the craft where craft practiSing is practi- the craft Persons Males Females Sed .... 1. 2 .. 3. 4. 5. b! Tonk 15 230 1,693 872 821 ::- 4 -:: .--~------~lL. ______2~1 __~ ______~3A' _____~___ 5. __§.a..t __ Ajmer 1 3 21 12 9 TOTAL 16 233 1,714 884 830 ------ 1.7 Of the 1,714 persons, constituting the tot.l population Qf households engaged in this cr.ft,41.07 per cent are workers. The participation of minor workers aged 14 years and below is very low in this craft and they constitute only 1.99 per cent of the total workers. The sex-wise distribution of major and minor workers at the district level has been presen ted in the following table : Table- 1.2 Sex-wise distribution of total/major/ minor workers engaged in the craft at district level Name of Number of workers .n9~ged in the craft district Total workers Major workers Minor workers labove 14 (14 years and earsJ belowJ Per- Males Fe- Per- Males Fem- Per- Males F.m- sons ma- sons al- sons ales Its es I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Tonk 690 447 243 676 444 232 14 3 11 Ajmer 14 8 6 14 8 6 - TOTAL 704 455 249 690 452 238 14 3 11 -: 5 :- 13 ~rp. such whpTP only Muslims rr"'H':t.i ~",d t.hf\ r.r~ft ;"Inrl rnmaininq 3 c~ntrps ~rn nna~n~d it. in Hindus in Cut of J-n nrlus .::l nd thn rnc;t 71."4 rnr cnnt ;'} r(l 1Ju<; 1 ims. /\1] t hp p,-,rsons profns sinq Hindu r('ll iqlan n rp Kh." t i ks ~nd c~:'lona thosp profr->ssinn Muslims rnliqion, Q?'.87 pnr cf'nt orlC' Pinjaras, 3.36 pnr c~nt rathan, ?6? p"r c~nt Sh~ikh, and 1.15 per cnnt S~iypd as is p.vid~nt from thp. followino t~blp : TRhln-1 ,3 Snx-~l~n distribution of mnmbf'rs of hous0holds practi~inq thp cr"ft i'v Rnliqlorl, C;:,st"/Trth('/ Communi ty of th,? h n o1d of thp. housp.hold H~ liolon5/ Caste/Tribp/ r·Jo.of No.of Popula.tion of th0 houspholds C;omrnunlty cnntrps housp- PJ':)ct"iC:1111} t.hn ('r~ft i·!hr.~'1 pr~1(~t:i- of tll" hn;~d of hou:';r-,1101tl r.r"lft is :>inn Fr··1'S:)(}S 1.1,:11('$ F..,rr;~lns prflr.tis.-,d th,." cr,) ft ----.-.------.. ------.--~ .... -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 ---_._- I. Hindu 3 77 493 256 ?37 1 • Kll!} tik 3 77 493 256 ?37 II. ~.luslim 13 156 1,"'>?1 6?8 593 1 • P;lthan 1 8 41 21 20 r' ". .. - ? Pin;"rrl 10 1t11 1 , '1.14 ,)1.1"-1 550 "') .. ' . :~'1 i ynd 2 14 tl 6 .:1 • .shr.~ikh 1 J 3/ 15 17 ... - --- -"-_._.-'--'_ --. __ . __ .. _._------... --_. _.... _.- .. ---- ... ~-- .... -- 1\1l r. 1. Q The highest number of bolh male and female workers belong to Pinjara community followed by Khatik community. The highest number of minor workers belong to Plnjaras followed by Sheikh as 1s evident from the following table : Table- 1.4 Sex-wise distribution of total/major/ minor workers engaged in the craft by Religion, Caste/Tribe/Community of the head of the household Religion,Caste/ Number of workers engaged in the craft Tribe/Collununi t y of the head of lR1il wgrkers MilQr wQrkers Minor w.Qrkers the household Per- /v,a les Fern- Per- Mal ... Fe- Per- Mi- Fern-: 50- al- so- es ma- so- les ales l nS es ns les ns - 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8. 9. 10, I, Hindu 172 135 37 172 135 37 - - - 1- Khatik 172 135 37 172 135 37 - - II. Muslim 532 320 212 518 317 201 14 3 11 1- PaUlan 11 8 3 11 8 3 - 2~ Plnjara 498 300 198 487 297 190 11 3 8 3- Saiyad 6 5 1 6 5 1 - - - 4- Sheikh 17 7 10 14 7 7 3 - 3 All communities 704 455 249 690 452 238 14 3 11 --- -: 7 :- 1.10 According to th~ survpy conducted by Industrips !)opnrtm0nt flF th~ R~j,,~thi1n !;t."to (loV(:>rnmnnt durinq 1986, 24 households were eng~qed in m,lnufacture of fel t at Tonk besidps Khadiqramodyog Sansthan and 16 exp~rienced hOU5~ho Ids warn. onq~n('d in ornhl'oldnry work, ono housnhold In block prlntin9, eiqht hou~pholds in dyninq .,nd plewm housflholds 1n rnakinq artls t Ic felts. Bt?s idps these 15 households wer~ nnn(lqod 1n 9hu99i making In other centres. 1.11 The major 1tems produc('d (lre exqui5itoly ('mbroldered or patch work adornF?d or printed carpets, mats used for various purposes, wall hangings, Jackets and ghuqgies. According to survey conducted by Industries Department of thp. Rajasthan Government 1n 1986, artistic qoods worth about six l~kh rupees are produced n.nnually of which goods worth two to two and a hal f lakh rupees are marketed through 111l.JSICO (HRj(lsthan.SmalJ. Industries Corporation ltd.). 1.1? There w~re fifty eight establi5hm~nts dealing with artistic felts 1n thp year 1979-80 in Tonk district, which employed 510 workers of which 465 were skilled And the remaining 105 were unskilled; their total investment was rupees 1,33,000.00 and they produced ::-8-:: 8,060 kg. felt during 1979-80. The highest investment waS rupees 3,500.00, the lowest waS rupees 1,500.00 and the average investment comes to rupees 2.338.98 per establishment. The average output per annum per est ablishment comes to ';!"l2.76 kg. and the highest output comes to 2~ kg. while the lowest comes to 100 kg. during 1919-80. 1.13 In all, there were 36 firms registered with the Commercial Tax Authorities during 1986-87 at Tonk. The remaining firms dld not flle returns. On the basls of the sales tax paid by various establishments the turnover comes to about sixteen lakh rupees during 1985-86 and about eight and a half lath during 1986-B7 as is evident from the following table : Table- 1.5 Turnover and sales tax paid during 1985-87 Year No. of establish- Turnover Sales tax ments who paid (in RS.) paid (in Rs.) sales tax 1. 2. 3. 4. - 1985-86 15 16,09,781.05 32,035.24 1986-87 20 8,70.932.31 29.892.50 (Source : COlJIDercial Tax Department, ·lonk.) • 1. 14 During the year 1986, a total loan of rupees 9,03,300.00 was sanctioned to twelve establishments • •0- 9 _ •o. • by Rajasthan Financial Corporation. The average loan thuS comes to rupees 75,275.00 per establishment while the maximum amount of loan comes to rupees 3,52.000.00 and minimum to rupees 8,000.00. 1.'15 According to the sUIVey conducted by Industries Department, it is estimated that about one metric tonne of plain sheets of felt and about two metric tonnes of mixed (Cotton and Wool) felt are produced per day and about one metric tonne ghuggies are produced in one year in Tonk district. Artistic felt of about rupees six lakh is produced annually of which about two and half lakh worth of artistic felt is produced by RAJSICO ( Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd.). It provides work to about two thousand persons and there is capability of engaging about the same number of persons in it. There were 66 registered units engaged in producing felt in Tonk district during 1986. 1.16 Tonk district has been classified under 'e' category i.e. industrially backward district by the Rajasthan State Government. The Central Government grants a subSidy of 15 per cent in industrially back ward districts to the new entrepreneurs. At the Same time. Rajasthan state Government has declared a relief of 15 per cent in non-backward districts also by way •• _ 10 _".•• of 5 per cent interest free loan (IFL) and 5 per cent subsidy and the remaining 5 per cent was not paid in the past two and a half years which resulted in major disadvantage for total industrl~l development. 1.11 The octroi levied is also very high which results in the increase of prices of both raw material as well as finished goods. Institutions connected with the Craft .. 1. l~ Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd. (RAJ~lCO) was establiShed by the State Government with its headquarters in Jaipur and with a view to provide marketing facilities to the worker for their finished products but instead of providing marketing facilities it has started its own production. RAJSlCO got prepared and supplied felt worth about two lakh rupees to various emporia with the result that the marketing tie up which was to be given to the workers was lost. Formal tr~ining facilities are not available to the learners as well as workers. The only facility provided under the SCYTE programme in urban area" is embroidery (Kashidakari) work for women. In all, training of embroidery was imparted to fifteen women through Bal Evam Mahila Viklang Sewa Samiti under the SCYTE (Scheduled Caste Youth Training and Employment Programme) programme w.e.f. _.. : : - l.l • • 19th Hovember. 1986 to 10th February, 19870 The H:~ j(lsth~lrl Sm.1l]. Industries Corporation Ltd( nAJ~ICO) waS born in 1961 as a R~ jasthc:m Govermaent Undertaking and in 1975 it was accorded the status of a Public Limited Corpl)r~tl.nn. It plays:) m;tjnr r010. l.n thp. promotion of handicraft!:; in the state. The cOI1>oration assists tl'e craftsm Jnd faciU.ties for m<1rketin9 of the prncucts. It ooens design rp.search centres a nd provides trJining facilities to the cl"C1ftsman to keep pace with the latest trends in the face of constant competition 'Ra jasth<:l Ii' - is a showroom which is an exclusive S.J les outlet for the finished products of the craftsmen and it has its branches throught the country. 1.19 There is no Co-operative Society or tra inin'J Centre for workers or hOlls('ilolds cn<}lgcd in felt industry. Therp. ClrQ no tr Employment) programme in rural areas. CHAPTER- II Cr,ftsmen in their Rural Settinq The present study was conducted at six centres viz: Tonk, Aligarh, Peeploo, Raj NQhal. Bagri and Malpura. Of these ronk and Malpura are located in Urban areas and the remaining four are in rural areas. Although the present study 1s that of a traditional rural based craft the urban centres of Tonk and Malpura have been seletted as they play an important role in the study of this craft. Because of the patronage of the erstwhile rulers of Tonk the master craftsman slowly and gradually settled mostly at Tonk. 2.2 Tonk is the district as well as Tehsil Head quarter. The motor road, police station, marketing centre, primary, middle and secondary schools, junior college/higher secondary school, degree college, post office, telephone, telegraph and banking facilities are all located at Tonk. The railway station is, however, located at Niwai (29 km). The area of the town is 14.53 sq km. with 77,653 population as per 1981 Census. The density of population comes to 5,344 persons per sq km. : :-13 -:: 2.3 foligarh is the headquarter of Uniara tahsil of distrlct Tonk (42 km). The nearest railway station is Sur.li. The motor road, police station, ~rketin9 centr~. primary, middle and secondary/higher secondary schools, post office, telephone, telegraph and banking facilities are all located in the village. The area of the village is 2.86 sq km with a population of 4,609 persons as per 1981 CensuS and the density of population comes to 1612 .. persons per sq km., The junior college is situated at Tonk and the degree college at Sawai Madhopur (37 km). 2.4 Peeploo is located in tahsil Tonk of district Tonk (24 km). The junior college, degree college, tele graph and telephone facilities are also located at Tonk. The nearest railway station is Diggi (51 km). The police station, motor road, marketing centre, primary, middle and secondary schools, post office and banks having credit facilities are located in the village. The area of the Village 1s 26.36 sq km with a population of 4,393 persons as per 1981 Census and the density of population comes to 167 persons pe£ sq km. 2.5 Raj Mahal is located in tehsil Oeo11 (15 km) of district Tonk (51 km). The primary, middle and secondary : : - J~'1. -:: schools, post office, telephone facility and bank having/credit facilities are loacted in the village. The nearest railway station is Toda Raisingh (16, km) and the motor road is at Santheli. The police sta tion is at Dun! (14 km) and the market centre,junior college and degree college and telegraph office are located at Deo11. The area of the village is 38.20 sq k~ with a population of 4,588 persons as per 1901 Census and the density of population comes to 120 persons per sq km. 2.6 Malpura is the headquarter of the tehsil of the Same name in district Tonk (71 km). The railway station, motor road, police station, market centre, primary, middle and secondary school, post office, telephone facility, telegraph office and bank having credit facilities are all situated at Malpura. The junior college and degree college are situated at Tonk. The population of Malpura is 17,994 as per 1~8l Census and its area comes to 45.35 sq km and the density of population comes to 397 persons per sq tm. 2.7 Bagri is located in tehsil and district Tonk ( 25 k m) • The junior and degree college and telegraph ::-15-:: office are also located at Tonk. The nearest railway station 1s at Niwai (9 km} and motor road at Carda l5 km) and the police station is at Baroni (11 km). The marketing centre, telephone facility and bank having credit facility are situated at Peeploo. The primary, middle and secondary school and post office are located in the village. The population of 8agri comes to 2,500 as p(·r 1901 Census and the It'ea of the village is 19.21 sq km. The density of population thus comes to 130 persons per sq km. 2.8 The general living conditions of the craftsmen engaged in felt industry are generally the same as of other members of their community not practising the craft and co-villagers. There is no social dis ability attached to the craftsmen engaged in felt industry and they are treated at par with other members of their community. 2.9 The bulk of population in the selected six centres profess Hinduism followed by Muslims and Jains. The followers of Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and other religions form only a small proportion of the population at these centres. All these centres are multi-community villages and about twenty seven communities reside in each of the four centres ::-16-:: viz; Aligarh, Bagrl, Peeploo and Raj Mahal while / about thirtyslx communities reside at Malpura and the number of various communities residing at Tonk is apparently higher but could not be fully aSse ssed as it is a large towno Among Hindus, the various castes are Ahir, Bania, Bairagl (Babaji), Bhat, Srahman, Chhipa. Dakot,Darzi, Daroga,Dhakar, Gujar, Jat, Jogi, Kachhi, Kahar or Keer, Kalal, . Kumhar, Lohar, Lodha, Mali, Nai, Rajput, Sindhi, Sunar, Teli, Thakur etc. from the general caste, sagriS, Bairwas, Balai, Bhangi, Chamar, Dholi, Dhobi.Kanjar. Khatik, Koli, Nayak, Raigar, Sansi etc. From the Scheduled Castes; and, Mina among the Scheduled Tribes. Among the Muslims, the various communities are Chhipa, Faquir, Lohar, Neelgar, Pathan, Plnjara, Salyad, Sheikh etc. Among the Jains, the various communities are, Oswalt Porwal, etc. which inhabit these centres. The Buddhists, Sikhs and Christians are in" very small number~:. During the course of the survey it waS found that the communities that came under Scheduled Caste are engaged in their traditional occupation, but some of the household members shifted their occupation to non-traditional occupation say engaged J ::-1:,--:: in government service, business, construction work etc. The centre wise demographic particulars of the ./ selected centres, information on population of each caste in the referrent villages, sex wise is given in the annexure - 2.10 The mother-tongue of the bulk of population of this arei is Hindi and its various local dialects like Nagarchil, Kathodl and Dhundhari, are sopken by the people. Some of the Hindus speak Sindhi also. The Muslims speak Urdu besides the local Hindi di alects. The general economic condition of the wor kers was found not upto the mark in comparision to the other generil communities o The workers told us during the survey that pursueing this craft waS no more lucr.ative even then they still carryon with the cr~ft. AS in the lean period of Agriculture they want to engage themselves in some work. Socia Demographic Profilp.~! Craftsmp.n 2.11 To have an insight into the socio-economic conditions of the craftsmen engaged in the manuf acturing of felt 77 households engaged in the craft were surveyed at six centres enumerated above. The total population covered comes to 451. The sampled ..•• -IS - ..• • households form 31.38 per cent of the total number of households practising the craft in the selected centres and the percentage of the sampled popula tion to total population comes to 29.13. The per centage of workers in total population comes to 40.81 while in the sampled population it comes to 44.51. The workers 1n the sampled households form 32.42 pur cont of lh.. tol:.! wOL'knr5 in thfJ~. cenlro!). It may be observed that in the sampled households, there was a total of 216 workers of which males accounted for122 workers whereas females were 94 only. The bulk of the workers of the sampled household were found in the centres at Tonk. CD 10 o -4 ('I) 10 o -4 10 en I{') C'II V .... -4 III) SCIJ CD ..... I.1.cu ..... -4 -g len k£ "0 ...." Qeen +' "o +' Cf.4 -4 -4 o V 0\ c o or411) +I I I I I M VI{')", :w:: z 0 I- \Il W .. o~ a:: III I- Z w U C) 2 Z ...III a:: III :::> 1IJ 0 I- ~- U :zIII 0111... ~ iii: :::> 0 p \.) R , 2 ~ 0 f>: III < Q <>. ~ ~ 't- .._...... ~ l.• ) l- DISTRICT SAW A I C' \-. .., ,_ LL ' a::< J'., "'",., u J ,',,» If ~r · " ~'... ,..j'-,' ...... Q: ( ..5" ...... _. ""'7- ).~ ,:, \ i \ o i '1 ,.._.J ~. Q. ",,\: I ( '> ? I.. ..,r"t) ....; '" ".,., ._\.,! c( I' J-- \...... / ')0."--< ..., .... . \ ...... (J • ~ '\ f"' C', ,.. • i....J~. .~ ,!! ..."') ~. '" .) '0 ij.. '~"l , ...... i ~ ~ u~ II I: II ~ ".g .... ~. ... .i \. ".. o I- ) " ,..... v) ,., ,.. ~ II l, l." ,_,• '''Ii. :\0'\ ..> u ~ :t - f·-. ..i VI I~. ! _ _ ". II (."~'\ 1'. • .... ,-_. \ ~ (" .t:. • ,.- \ • 0 0 .. ~. . Ie ~ ..o I: \ I, . . 0' " o I . .,. _... ~ .,( "iii.. E I- .. II ( • 2 \".C "." I) ;q"it a. II • -[ " • f....." :: !'. ,', ,. .J:. "r .};.....0, ~'J.. Q.,~~ " \ ~' j ~ -'~• ,'" J' ~~ a. r • · r o ) •.J ...... _. e - , )" 0 o :0 " .\ ' .... _.i s \ ..E , ~J • ,..o .!I",',,. ~ II , 'wo'"\'_""""" >.. ::J III .1. 'J C o a. :J "D ______m ~~~~~~3~~r~V~~~~~ o= -- ..• . -"1~ ..·· .. • 2.12 Of the sampled households, 25 profess Hindu religion and belong to Khatik Caste and 52 households are Muslim and belong to Pathan (2 households), Pinjara (49 households} and Sheikh (1 household) communities, The mother-tongue of the Khatiks is various dialects of Hindi viz; Dhundhari {17 house holds}, Kathodi (4 households), NBrwari (2 households) and Nagarchal (2 households) while the mother-tongue of the rest three communities has been enumerated as Urdu but all of them in fact use the local languages in their daily life. 2.13 The highest population has been noted in the age- group 5-9 and the population shows an erratic trend with the increase in age-group although minimum population of both. males as well as females is in the age-group 70 and above. There is no case of divorce or separation in the sampled population. The highest· percentage (100,00 per cent) of currently married persons, males and females is seen in the age-group 45-54 and that of widowed in the age-group 70 and above. There have been noted instances of child marriages even 1n the age-group 0-4 (2 0 86 per cent) and 5-9 (~,09 per centl among females only and 1n the age-group 10-14 among males as well as females, The percentage of currently marr ied females is higher as compared to currently married males in all the age-groups except in the age-group 70 and above In which there 1s no female, as is eVident from the following table • til "0 ., "M 0 .-4 .." OO .. oO 10M .. . CD~" r- -~ • 0 C') 0 • ....• 10• M ... M u..I P'I - - - - - II .., CIt "r- "0 opt ., .." r- " .-M" M,() .-0 r-C'l" f.t ..t oO .-~ 0 • • CD ., • • • oO • I " oO 10 M ... ~ N 5 :J y "0 "0 c: opt - - - - - CIt II l!: r- c ".... " 10M )( 0 ~~" ~ ".. ... "N CDN ~() ., CIt .... CD • • .-M- ·111 lot • • • .... () • ., 10 10 ... ~ I() M .,.. g. - 01 --- - - II ~ III ..... "0 ..... "0 "0 II ..... 10 "~ 0 "...... 0 0 "r- "Oo ~ ... OO M~ .... 0 ()I~ .... 0C'l CDI"- 0.0 0..0 e " . C'l • CD • 0 CD 0 • • .. 0 ~ . .. . NO 0 ... . o • opt • • ~ 0 10 .... 0 0 oO .-~ .., I N ~ ... ~ .. ()I ()I ...... '() .. LLo . ~ - - :J ------C...... "0 ..... 0 "0 .- .... 0 "M ".... 0 M 0 .... c. ., II M".. MO ~O .... M r- .... .-()1• ()I • IllM ... -0 10M- opt P'I oO • ... .- 0 ... . • o • ...... M • .. C'l f.I • M M .... M 0 M II f.I :! CD ....., .....,~ .....,()I .....,()I .....,()I .....,...... ,CD .....,~ .....,.... .-4" .. - ::& •• 0- - •• .. III "0 I III c: r- "M r- oO 0 oO M 10 (\j oOl() - 0 ... r- MO" r-O- ~ .... - - Ill~-- MM r- • .or-- .-M ...... - Ceo4 WI -.... ~ • ... ~ ~~ ..0 ~ . • . . . '(). M • 10 '()• ('\It-- ~ 0 f.t • • C'l ~ ...... 0 .n M II ... M ... M .....,CD ()I () ()I ... r- .....,M ...... •• e g...... , ....., ....., ....., ....., 0 ..,opt - - - - - :J .0.... f.t .., In ..... III ...... 10 ... t-- .... ~ - 001 r-OI .or-- 10M- M • - CD • "0 " .... ~~ .. . • r- 0 0 I() N .., "0 01 ()I CD .....,M .... c: 41 u..I II opt u lot - -,... - - lot f.t 0 0 ,... II 4ft -0 0 ()I '() 0 c...... -CD o ()I ... 0 ... M oo~- a M • . - ..t o IX) .~ 0 w" ~ 0 <{ N o 'If o· III 0 l( I() ~ ::Ii 0 Cl ILl Z W 0: l( ~ 0 III 0 k· i= > a: 0 0 o· :J (/) III « IX) :§ IX) :::l Z ~ 3': ,:! l( .... a .... ct (/) .... 0. (/) I:) 513 0 ::t ~ «...I I Q c III I- u 0:: W 'tl 0:: ...I III III 2.14 Information regarding distribution of population classified by age, sex and marital status has been pres ented 1n table 1. 2015 The literacy rate among the surveyed population comes to 42.79 per cent. The highest literacy rate for all persons, males and females has been at Aligarh, Malpura and Raj N~hal respectively and the literacy rate among females is lower as compared to males in all the selected centres and there is no literate female at Raj Mahal as may be seen from the following table. Table 11.3 Sex-wise literacy rates at the selected centres Name of the centre Literacy rates Persons Males Females 1. 2. 3. 4. Aligarh 57.69 73.33 36 0 36 Bagri 31.71 48.00 6.25 Malpura 57.14 81.25 25.00 Peeploo 32.73 56.67 4.00 Raj Mahal 47.62 76.92 Tonk 43.27 59.06 25.19 All centres 42.79 60.89 20.69 ::"~5 -:: 2.16 The highest literacy rate among total population and females is in the age-group 10-14 and among males in the age-group 15-19. The literacy rate is higher among males as compared to females in all the age-group in the sampled population, as is evident from the following table : UJ C u II) UJ I, (1, Ul Ul r-- .... n r:J .11 ."1 I" ..- 'O- n ,~ r~ "I lL "J '" • • • • • • • f. 1.1 • ell IJJ Ul C"- U (lJ (II N N ... ·u l&.. '" '".Q 0 " .... W III U .U IU .... .,. IJ ~.j :1 r·t tJ ... QI en \Q .... 10 III [;) \d U lJ III'" UJ c:) \IS ~ l"- t- 0 C C .-j U) • • • • • • • • 10' '0 LJ .u t'J "r-, UJ m aJ "' E IQ IU .:u '"(D IU IlJ l/) U _,_,III 1;1 .p III 10 .... U N ... :J .p U 'd Q) ..J .~ In III .. , III n IJ\ ..... U Wl f-o '"U\ N U U) LJ U\ () .- • • ,..,• • • • • • .0 Ul N N .- ~ U \Jl ..... I ' OJ eJl q: ...;t H H U :J .... en --r U\ ...,. ..., ...." U II" ..... e- N n .a .., 01 «I 01 aI I I I t- • + GJ• .... a III a III Cl U'l U'1 01 rl ...... N N 1') or:( ~ ::- 27 -:: 2.11 There is only one person having the educational level of graduate and above in the age-group 25-34. The highest educational level attained by a female is matric ulation or secondary. The highest percentage of literates and educated persons js in the level of literate (without educational level) followed by primary, middle, matricu lation/secondary levels. The highest percentage of males wi th educational level of primary and middle is in the age-group 10-14 and 15-19 respectively, as is evident from the following table: II "" > til 0- I 0 P- ~l u." " ,...... 'n If' .: '" ~'()" ~ r, til ...." .... 0 "<¥ ..... +'" 'J III ...... >" :::s c ('~ (.) II '0 0 _If) -I'- .... til 0/) I, () ''1 ...... l'" ...4' C .....0 +' III III I, .. U ...... :::s +' .. .() "0 ...... fl II ;>'1-4 .. Ii...... II.. III>.. ,... ,...... ~ .... II) (). D If) "Cor< .. I')(). ... 0 NIf) ill Oil) .... c (II-< ....., If) If) 0 ~ "' -· · · In 0. :' VI 0 .. Ii Il' (Jl II ..,. 0. ..,. v I I (". M II .... ., 0- .. I I I + n, .... I I 0 I() () Ii) Ii) "( .( 0 I() ( J r, ,., .• ..- 29 _ .••. Information regarding distribution of population classified by age, Sex and educational level has been pre sented in table 2. Amongs t the sampled households, heads of twenty- five households profess Hinduism and the rest fifty-two households are Muslims. The head of only one Pinjara household waS female. The heads of 44.16 per cent house holds are illiterate, of 35.06 per cent literate (without educational level), of 10.39 per cent primary, and 2.60 per cent each middle and higher secondary or pre-univer sity and 5.J.3 per cent matriculation or secondary. The traditional occupation of Pinjara households is ginning/ carding of fibrous materials like cotton, wool etc., at Khatik households is butchering and the Pathan and Sheikhs are traditionally soldiers. 2.20 The average number of persons per household among the sampled households comes to 5.b6. the highest number of households (35.06 per cent) have 6-7 members and there is no single-member household. Information regarding distribution of households classified by age and Sex of heads of households and the number of members in the household has been presented in table 3. 2.21 The largest number of households (39) is of thosE' con5isting of seJf, spouse, unnurrjed sons .lnd _ ::- 30 ..• • daughters followed by households (14) consisting of self, spouse, married son and son's wife with or without un married sons and daughters. Information regarding dis tribution of households classified by nature of relation of members to the head of the household and nu~er of members has been prf:!sented in table 4. 2.22 The heads of all the sampled households except two were born in the referrent villageo The heads of two households were born, one each in the rural and urban areas of the same district outside the referrent village. Of the two migrant households one migrated to the present residence in search of livelihood and the other because of education of its members. Occupational Diversity and Subsidiary Occupation 2.23 Occupational diversity is noted in case of 68.83 per cent sampled households. Occupational diversity of two occupations are followed in case of 42 households, three occupations are followed in case of nine households and four occupations are followed in case of two households. The highest number of households (16) are such in which felt-rna king is practis ed by some member{s) while others are engaged in biri-making. The : : - 31 .. ;: information regarding distribution of households classi fied by number of workers and by main occupational div ersity (i.e. different members having different occup- al.i()1l5) has lw()n prp.s~rrt()d in ti'lb)" 5. 2.24 Amon~ the 77 sampled households, 51.95 per cent do not practise any subsidiary occupation and 31.66 per cent follow felt-making as subsidiary occupation while 6.49 per c~nt households are engaged in biri-making, 2.60 per cent in ginning (carding) and 1.30 per cent in block printing. The lone household headed by a female is engaged in the subsidiary occupation of biri making. The heads of households which follow felt-making as subsidiary craft follow bUSiness like Dhholak making, vendor, cul tivation, cycle repairing serVice, cotton ginning, casual labour and carpet-making as their main occupation. Of the two migrant households, one 1s living at present address for the last 11-20 years and the other for 20 years or more. l~formation regarding households classified by sex, broad age-group and subsidiary occupation in relation to head of household has been presented in table 6. 2.25 The maximum number of workers is in the age- group 15-34 followed by the age-group 35-59. While the maximum number of non-workers is in the age-group 0-14~ the minimum is in the age-group 60+, as is evident from the following table • :: .. 3'- -:: Tab Ie I1:.6 Distribution of total population, workArs and non-workers by Sex and broad age-groups Age-group To:t:al ~o12ulat12n vVorkers Non- w2rkers Per- Mal- fem- Per- Ma- Fem Per Ma- Fem- sons ,es ales s2n!. les iles sgns les ales 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. All ages 451 248 203 216 122 94 235 126 109 0-14 195 106 89 7 2 5 188 104 84 15-34 .140 72 68 117 61 56 23 11 12 35-59 92 57 35 75 48 27 17 9 8 60+ 24 13 11 17 11 6 7 2 5 2.26 The highest number of workers in the sampled households belongs to Pinjara community followed by Khatiks and the minlmun is from Sheikh community. There is no female worker among Sheikhs. Information regarding dis tribution of workers and non-workers classified by sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and broad-age-groups has been presented in table 7. 2.27 The literacy rate 1s higher among the non-workers (45.53 per cent) as compared to workers (39.81 per cent). The literacy rate among the males is higher as compared to females among workers a,twell as non-workers. None of the females has attained the educational level beyond _.. ::- 33 • • matriculation/secondary. Information regarding distribution of workers and non-workers classified by sex and educational level has been presented in table 8. lbe traditional occMPations of the sampled Do~ulation 2.28 The traditional occupations of the sampled population are trading (8 workers), butchering (of 66 workers) and ginning (carding) (142 workers). None of the worker in the age-groups 0-14 and 60 and over is following the traditional occupation, only two workers In the age-group 15-34 and 35-59 respectively are continuing their traditional occu pation of ginning. The occupations other than the tradi tional occupation followed by workers in the age-group 0-14 are quilt making, carpet making and biri-making by workers J in the age-group 15-34 are making of quilt. and mattresses, vegetable selling, casual labour, tailoring, biri-making, carpet-making, cycle-repair, felt-making, cultivation, agricultural labour, service and rearing of cattle; by workers in the age-group 35-59 are bUSiness, casual labour, dholak (drum) making, agricultural labour, sheep and wool bUSiness, felt making, flour mill, service, making quilts and mattresses, rearing of cattle, cultivation, cycle-repair, carpet-making and biri-making; and by workers in the age-groups 60 and above, bUSiness, cultivation, felt-making, quilt and mattress making, biri-making and ::- 31! ... : service. Information regarding distribution of workers classified by traditional and present occupation, sex and broad age-group has been presented in table- 9. 2.29 Of the 216 workers, only 14 have reported their occupations as seasonal and the rest have reported them as perennial. Of the 14 workers engaged in seasonal occ upations, only four are pursuing other occupations {biri making-3: ghuggi making- I}. The information regarding distribution of workers by present occupation, type of occupation a nd other occupation followed in case the present occupation is seasonal has been presented in table- 10. Table 11.7 Number of workers by present occupation and subsidiary occupations Present Occupation Number of Number of members repor workers ted occupation as seas onal and following other occupations Biri making Ghuggi making 1 2 3 4 1- Business 17 2- Casual labour 17 1 3- Dholak making 1 4- Vegetable vendor 1 5- Tailoring 1 6- Carpet weaving 10 7- Cultivation 11 _.. ::- ~5 • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 8- Siri making 41 - 9- Agric ult ura 1 3 labour 10- Rearing of c.ttles 6 11- Cycle repairing 2 - 12- Felt Industry 94 3 13- Making quilt 8. 4 matress 14- Flour Mill 1 - 15- Service 1 - - 16- Ginning 4 - 17- Siri shop 1 - 18- Peon 1 - Total 216 3 1 2.30 Of the 216 workers, 18.06 per cent follow subsidiary occupations. Among the male workers 28.6~ per cent and among the female workers 4.26 per cent augment their income through subsidiary occupations. The workers mainly engaged in felt industry as main occupation follow four types of subsidiary occupations viz; cotton-ginning, stitching of quilts, filling the quilts and blri-making. Those engaged in business, dholak-making, vendor, cultivation, cycle-repair, rearing of cattle, ginning of cotton, casual labour and carpet-weaving follow ghuggi-making (from felt) .s their subsidiary ::- 36 - ..• • occupation. One worker engaged in service practices making artistic ramada (felt) and a lone worker engaged in a flour mill is engaged in ginning of cotton. Thus all the workers engaged in subsidiary occupations except one are engaged with f elt-irxlustry in one w~y or the other. lnf orilla tion regal'ding distribution of workers classified by sex, broad age-group, main activity and subsidiary occupation has been presented 2.~1 Of the total non-workers 83.40 per cent are in the age-group 0-14. There is no male non-worker in the age-group 25-59. The highest number of non-workers are dependents (44.68 per cent)followed by full-time students (39.51 per cent). All the non-workers engaged 1n household duties are females. Information regarding distribution of non-workers by sex, age and type of activity has been presented in table 12. Households not practislllq the craft 2.32 To get an overall view of the socio-economic condi- tions of the people engaged in felt industry, data was also collected for 27 households from Six centres who were Some times ago engaged in this craft but have left practising Since then. The maximum number of such households has been sampled from najmahal and milDimum from Aligarh and Bagri, as is evident from the following table: :: - 37 ~.. :: Table 11.8 Sex-wise distribution of population among sampled households not practising the craft at selected centres Name of Centre Total No. of Total population sampled house- Persons Males Females holds not practising the craft I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1- Aligarh 3 11 7 4 2- Bagri 3 16 8 8 3- Malpura 5 28 19 '9 4- Peeploo 5 44 24 20 5- Raj ivlahal 6 28 15 13 6- Tonk 5 28 11 11 Total 27 155 84 71 2,33 The maximum number of persons males and females is in the age-group 0-4 and the minimum is in the age-group 55-69. There are 47.89 per cent currently married females as compared to 42.85 per cent currently married males and the percentage of widowed males comes to 2.38 and that of widowed females 4.23, There is no divorced or separated person nor there is any person with unspecified marital status in the age-group 0-4 while there is only one currently married female in the age-group 5-9' inthe sampled population. Information rcganling distribution of population classif ied by age, sex and marital status has been presented in table 41. .; ~ ...... ~~ ...... en z ~ o l- :c I I ~ 0;;:III >- I W 0- i i .~ 0 a:U .J U I o Q, ? o!! "II .5 ..o u ~.. ..c ".. I- ..~ ~ ;J u CII.. :S ..o c a: o iii.. ~ "0- .s:" ~ .r:. °i~ a. c "E 0 °iii :;;" 0> ..5 i5 ii D- > o ~ ~" ;J C CII c o "C l:i 3 V'lrv 0- QI.. :I 0 "II D- III LoI!:..... , ". - '"" It ...... : 3ti "_ •• . . o_ .,. -..", .. The literacy rate COID@S to 30.71 pHI' cent among. total population, 57.14 per cent among males and 16.90 per cent among females. Among the literate and educated females, all except one are literate 'without educational level) arid lone female has studied upto primary level. Among the literates and educated males, 60.42 per cent are literate 'without educational level), 22.92 per cent Primary, 6.25 per cent each middle and higher secondary/ P.U.C./lrite~mediate and 4.16 per cent matriculation or secondary. There is no person educated above the level of higher secondary. Of th·.:: 27 sample households not pra ctis Ing the craft, 15 are Hinduc and belong to Khatik Caste while the remaining 12 are N.~~llm and belong to Pinjara comm unity. The heads of 33.33 per cent each are illiterate and literate (without educational level), 14082 per cent primary, 7.41 per cent each middle and secondary/matric and 3.70 per cent higher secondary/Pre-university/ Intermediate. 2.36 The average number of members per sampled house- hold comes to 5.74. There is no single member household. The maximum number of households is of those having 6-7 ::- 40 -!: members followed by those having 4-5 members. There is only one household having 13 and above members.Information regarding distribution of households classified by age and Sex of the head of the household and number of members has been presented 1n table 43. The largest number of sampled households consists of self, spouse and unmarried sons and daughters. The majority of the sampled households consiSt of nuclear families. Information regarding distribution of house holds classified by nature of relation of members to head of the households and number of members has been presented 1n table 44. 2.38 Of the sampled households, only one is migrant with respect to place of birth of the head of the household who was born In the rural areas of district Sawai Madhopur and migratp.d to the present residence beca~se of marriage 11-20 years ago. There are 44.05 per cent workers among males and 38.03 per cent workers among females. The working force constitutes 89.06 per cent of the total workers and 9.38 per cent workers are in the age-group 0-14 and only 1.56 per cent are in the age-group 60+, as is evident from the following tableo N N n III ~ UJ III .:l III '-4 ,.-4 m r~ N U '0 ·r ..,. :.J t: I l. " III c: tI III U) ... .. r •.. )( a_.' f! U\ 1- .- 0) (0 QI 11)11 .1. U :;.... .!Jill.c. ••• IOH J I 01 []I .:.: c: 10 1-,"1 (I U ,~ .:l·,t 10 E ~t ID U 'U t. I, IL "'" U t: ~l IIIU gr II) c.; ~I II) 10 111 ,.-.f 10 ~ ;.ij .- ~ ,_. £ '" W D .. .~ ~I •• .. 1I -~ I ~.~ -t .. U1 II "do t: ::I C o 0 o I -r! .c 14 III ... •• .f-) ~ n Uj+> IU .... U) a.. :J r.JI ll_C 0 0 LL E .. III .~ III .p Ll. III U :l (lj .p (j --I 14 <0 . U1 n .__ UI I! c- til ...'" 0 1 III II C "' COl o U ru ·,·t .. i ." .p '0 .11 ;J 10 ,.j 10 ::J III ~e 0...... q N t"1 ~.c a III m N I-) a. II: UJ fJ -r! C r-I OIU Q) ~ o II t-- C o U1 a U1 H IIJ N 111 m .... ~ .... III II U. ,-I Jl (0 t- (\ + ;.J III -q oqo III CJ r J m .... f'1 Ul \LI ~I 01 01, ... III • IIJ ri 0 111 111 01 ri .... 1'1 cc. q ::- 42 ~; : 2,40 Of the total workers 59.38 per cent belong to Khatik and the rest 40,62 per cent to Pinjara community. The percentage of workers among Khatiks comes to 47.5 a nd among Pinjara 34.67 as is evident from the following table: Table II. 10 Distribution of total populatio~. workers and non-workers by sex and Caste/Tribe Community amongst households not practising the craft Name of Caste/. Total population All ages Tribe/Communi- per- Mal- Fema- Workers Non-workers tv, sons es las Per- Mal- Fe- Per- Ma- Fe- sons es mal sons les mal I~ es 1. 2. 3, 4. 5, 6. 1. S, 9. 10. Khatik 80 45 35 38 21 17 42 24 18 Plnjara 75 39 36 26 16 10 49 23 26 Total 155 84 71 64 31 27 21 41 44 2.41 The literacy rate among the male workers comes to 70.27 per cent while among the female workers it is only 14.81 par cent. All tho female workers are literate (without educational level). The largest number of both workers and non-workers are literate (without educational level) followed by primary. The highest educational level achieved among females is primary and among males higher secondary/Pre university/Intermediate. Information regarding distribution of workers and non-workers by sex and educational level has been presented in table 46 0 ::- 43 -:: 2.42 In all, six workers are practising their traditional occupations of butcherlng (5 persons) and ginning (l person). The workers in the age-'group 0-14 are engaged in three occupations viz; cultivation, rearing of cattle and biri making. The workers in the age-group 15-34 are engaged in eleven occupations viz; bus-conductor, cultivation, casual labour, flour-mill, trading in animals, carpet-making, tailoring, rearing of cattle, service, biri-making and as loader besides the traditional occupation. The workers in the age-group 35-59 are engaged in ten occupations viz; casual labour.biri-making, tailoring, cultivation, battery repairing, filling of quilts, selling cloth, bus-driver and rikshaw-puller besides the traditional occupation. The lone worker in the age.group 60 and above is engaged in flour-mill. Information regarding distribution of workers classified by traditional and present occupations, sex and broad age-grQups has been presented in table 47. 2.43 Various reasons have been given for leaving the traditional occupation and shifting to the other occupations viZi lack of demand. profit being less, lack of work, good profit in new occupation, poverty, purchasing agricultural land, hard work involved in the traditional occupation, interested in serVice, low wages in traditional occupation and costly raw material. Information regarding distribution of workers classified by traditional and present occupation and broad age-groups and the reasons of leaving the traditional occupation has been presented in Table 48. : :-44 ..... :: 2.44 The largest number of non-workers is dependent followed by full-time students. All the female non workers in the age-group 25-29, 30-39 and 50-59 are engaged in household duties. Only two non-workers, both males, are seeking employment. Information regarding distribution of non-workers by sex, age and type of act ivi ty has been presented in t~hJ.e 49. 2.45 There is no special service available to craftsmen enga ged in f el t ind ustry in any of the selected c entreso CHAPTER-Ill Proc~ss of Learning The knowledge of the craft is to be passed on to the younger generations for keeping the craft alive. Since there is no institutional agency for imparting training the techniques are passed to the disciples by proficient craftsmen who are generally related to the learners. The person imparting training is also responsible for the efficiency and behaviour of' th~ disciple. The craftsmen pass on their knowledge to the younger generation gen~rally at a young age. The knowledge of the craft is passed on to near relatives and sometimes to castemen and friends. Of late, training has been imparted under rfiY5EM (Ttaining of Youth for Self Employment) programme also. 3.2 Of the 127 workers engaged in the craft, 6.30 per cent are enga!ed in it for less than 5 years, 11.81 per cent for 5-9 years, 35.43 per cent for 10-19 years and 46.46 per cent for 20 and more years. The bulk (77.17 per cent) head of households received training from father and 4.72 per cent from caste fellows and one each from mother, grand-father, wife's father, mother's brother and Ustad (Teacher, trainer). rh~ highest number of wives of the heads received training from their husbands, followed by their mother and father. The persons related to the h~ads of house- -46 - holds as sons received training frc~ their fathers. The persons related to heads _of households as brothers received training from father and wl(es fathpr. those related as son's wife from her mother, those related as father from his father and those related as mother from their father, h.Mlah husband.and ..~ ~, mother. Thus, we see that the training is generally imparted by parents, husband, father-in-law, grand father and mother's brothf'r and occasionally by caste f811oV'ls or Ustad (teacher trainer). Inform__ tion regarding distribution of persons classified by relationship with the head, the pe'rsons imparted training and the period engaged in the craft has been presented in table 18 of the appendix. Table Ilt-1 Distribution of persons engaged 1n the craft classified by relationship with the head and persons imparting training Relationship ro- Number of persons engaged in the wi th the tal craft who received training from Head of the household Fat- Mot- Mot- Hus- Ca- Gr- Wi- Us- her her hen band s te and fe's tad bro- fe- fa- fa- ther 11- th- th- ow er er 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Self 77 66 2 1 5 1 1 1 Wife 21 7 5 9 Son 16 16 - Son's wife 1 1 Broth!'r 4. 3 1 Mother 3 1 1 1 Fathfu 5 5 127 98 9 1 10 5 1 2 1 - 47- 3.3 It 1s observed from the table 3.1 that the persons engaged in the craft had required training to practise the craft, which they received from relatives:'.. caste fello\O:fs, and the ustad, I who were masters in the craft. It was seen that 77 persons took training from their father, mother, mother's brother, caste fellows, grandfather, wife's father and ustad. There were 21 persons wh~ were wives and who took training from th~ir father, mother and husbands, whereas th~ son's took training only from their father. One son's wife had taken training from the mother, and four persons who belonged to the status of a brother took training from their father and wif.s brother. The mothors who were practicing the craft I had taken training from thoir iii father moth&r and husband, whereas some fathers hfld perfected themselves, only with th., help of their father. 3~'4 . During the period of investigation it was found that some persons received training from Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd; and Sal AVam Mahila Viklang Sewa Samitl,Tonk for training, in making of Namda and for embroidery work and patch work on Namda to improve their production and quality of the product. -48- Tablit Assessment of training received by the persons as related to tho period engaged in the craft availability of better trai ning facilities and intentions to receive better training Persons No. of Number who No. reporting Number 1n favour of engaged pers cons ider availability Rece- Not receIving in the ons the train of better craft ing rece training ivi- better training since ived as fac iliUes ng No Fully Ad- Inad SenE need tra ined eq- equate Programme ua- ate 1, 3. 4. . 5, 6, 7. 8 • Less 8 8 B than 5 years 5-9 years 15 15 1 9 6 10-19 45 45 3 26 19 years 20 + 3 44 15 years 127 127 7 87 40 3':'5 It was seen that of the 127 persons eng.ged in the craft all of them felt that the training received was adequateo The making of felt itself does not require much training. Mere observation of the workers engaged In the craft was sufficient to get hold of the techniquo, subsequent practise in the making of felt would make the work.er perfect in the er.ft. However, 7 persons had rec eived better training under the SCYIE Programme where Scheduled Caste Youth were trained to perfect themselves in tho m.lnufacture of felt. In this, mostly woman had received training to do Kashidakari (~mbroidery) w~rk. (artistic work) on Nanga. As such nOIH~ of the persons rCjlIortcd til(! need for r~ce1ving better training the reasons given was that there waS 'no need' and that they ... 49- . 3.6 The period taken to learn the craft is less than on& y~ar for .11 th~ persons engaged 1n th~ craft. Of ived training for 6 months to 1 year while the rest received training for less than six months. Only one person who received training from Ustad had to pay remun~ratlon which was in fact borne by the government and 1n other cases it was obligatory on the part of the train~r to train the disciples. No terms or condi tions w~re attached to the training in any case. Information regarding distribution of persons engaged in the craft classified by relationship with the head, the persons imparted training, period of training and remuneration and terms and conditions of the training has been presented in tables 20 and 21 of the appenda. 3.7 All the 127 persons engaged in the craft except one received skill 1n a traditional manner from p~rents or near relatives. Only o~e person received the skill from Ustad (teacher trainer). Information regarding distribution of persons engaged in the craft classified by relationship with the head and source of acquirement . of skill has been presented in table ?2. -50- ~1 ographic .. ! sketches of th~ craftsmen J. e SOIlU) bri"r biographIcal 9kf!tches h,ave bf!fm provided in the following paragraphs to get further insight into the learning process and prevailing conditions and thinking and opinions of the craftsmen of various age groups, belonging to various Religions/Castes/Communities in differ~nt areas. 3.9 Shri KaDlruddin son of Shri Shamsuddin, Multani, Pinjara from Tonk is aged 53 years and resides at Tonk. He start~d the craft when he was about 18 years old. He learnt this art from his father and has also taught it to his children. He generally does the chhantai of felt and supervises the work of ghutai (milling). He is running a small factory where his son is also engaged in chhantai work and the daughter does the milling when labourers for this job are not available. He is not educated and has also not sent his children to school because of the belief that education spoils cl1ildren and they leave caring for their parents. He mak~s felt for cycle seats and also prepar~s felt sheets used for doing artistic work. The summer is generally dull season for work and there is practically no work during the rains. He exports his product to Bombay and Delhi. His problems relate to procuring raw material and manufacturing of felt and finds no problem in tho disposal of the fina finished product. -51- 3.10 Shrl Falyaz a Pathan aged 30 years resides at Tonk. He learnt the craft from his friend Mohammed Hussain in about two month's time. There is no restriction of community etc. in learning the craft. H~ does the jharai work on piece basis and gets ~.3.00 per piece and earns about ~.45.00 a day during the peak seaSOn. It is not his traditional work and his father is a Maulvi. He is ~arried and has a son. His parents also reside with him. His son is studying. He has also studie~ upto class VII. He is a labour 1ea~er and works for protecting the rights of the labourers and had been successful in getting higher labour rates for the work done by the craftsmen engaged in felt industry. 3.11 Shri Shafi Mohannad son of Shri Ibrahim, aged 70 years, is a Multani Pinjara and resides at Malpura. He is a widower and has to support a family of seven members. Two of his sons are engaged in cycle repairing and flour-mill. He learnt this craft from his father 1n about two month's time at the age of about 14 years. Although his sons also are trained in the craft they are engaged in other occupations as they do not get proper wages compared to the labour involved in the craft. According to him, the craft was· more lucrative in th~ past as the raw mat~rlal was ch~ap~r and trained workers were limited. Soaring prices of raw material - 52 - and he-avy taxes have adversely affected the craft. Since he h~s become old he doe~ the work of chhantai only. 3.12- Ghri Saleem son of Shri Naz_ar Mohanunad, 25 years, is a Multani Pinjara of" Malpura. He has studied upto pl1mary l~vel. He has a family of six members of which two males and onp. female are engaged in the K~ craft. He learnt th~ carding .R~. and milling work from h1s father at the age of 18 years 1n about three months U.Jn~. l!'~ c::tn p:repare 1 ~~ sh:?c: ts oi 1.25 hJ por day if the woxk is ilV"lllable regularly. H~ engaged himself in tills cr~ft as it is difficult to get employm~nt thcs~ d~ys and does not desire his children to persue thIs cr~tft~ He gets Rs.3.00 per piece of felt)welghlng about 1.25 ~ and earns about 8,000.00 a year. In his op inion iit 1 though the 1.nCI'p..a5e in prices of raw rna terlal hJ!!3 b;~t:'n ~ d(lmpening f~cto.:r now-a-days ~s compared to a decade ago, the increase in th~ uses of felt has quite bal~nced th,_:, situation i'nd not much adverse effect is to be nolic~d in the productlon of th~ finlshed products. 3.1~1 SIll'1 Kalyan Mal son of 511r1 M~nyl Lal Kh.ltlk, aged 35 years 15 a resident of Allgarh. He is illlt"l'ate. Of his lhref!' sons and one daughter he sencl.§ only on'! 5 On to school as h~ Is UJl.it ble to bt'!~r the ~xpen5C1s. He ll"!arllt tltl'! Olrt of qhuqqJ. making frolll 111.5 f"th~r when -53 - he was 18 years old. By now he has initiat~d about t~n persons in this craft. He is a master craftsman and can prepare two ghu~}gies in a day. The craft of ghuggi making is fastly approaching moribund stage as the raW material 15 becoming dearer day-by-day and the cost 15 becoming deterrent factor for the consumer. According to him, the craft can b~ r~juvenated if the government provl~es raw material at a subsidised rate and milY arranq~ for tht'!' d Lspo!;a 1 of lh~ ii". lis f inl shed p roduc ts. According to him OllP. can learn tht't craf t of ghuqql lII;tkiny in about ?-3 lIlonths' hut can llIoilsl .. r it in' about on year or so. lie 1s plannln';l to l .. av~ this craft and switch over to chakllla (shet'!'t) Ill.akin':] and seLtle a t Tonk. 3.14 Shri Mo ti Lal, son of Shri Onkar La 1 Kha tik, is about 45 years old and resides at Aligarh. His main occupation is trading in sheep and goat,and wool. The craft of ghuggi making is practised in his family for the last 7-8 g~nerations. Although he is not satisfied with this craft, he follows it only to augument his income. 3.15 H~ learnt this craft from his father at the Cige of 14 years and took about three years to ffi:aster it. He can prepare three ghuggies in a day if he gets Lh~ wOl·k r~yularly. II" char9~s ns.l~.OO p~r qhuqqi. According to him, th~re 1s no scope for ch",klll;;t (shep-ts) at Aligarh or area around it although he also knows this job as wf!11. Th~ business of felt, acconfing to him, i'; t. o l .. lly tn til ... t. .. nd'l of PlnJiill""'; alii I J)I·"I"·H)fl~~ from other communities are limited to ghuggi making only. 3.16 Shri Onkar son of Shri Bagirath Khatik, ~ged 40 years, is lit~rate without educational level and resides at Pe~ploo. He has two sons and onn dauqhter. His main Occupa lion 1s trad1119 in sh~ep and qoa t and he pl'epares ghuqqies during the rainy season. He learnt it from hi!:". f;tth"r in two months a t th~ ~q~ of 1!") y~ar!;. II" can J)l"ep'_le thre~ qhUl:mi~s in a day. 'fh~ dem.:Hld of qhutlqies is during the rainy season only. He also prepares saddles of felt besides ghugqies. He prepared 250 ghuggies during th~ last rainy season. According to him, the demand for ghuggies 15 decreasing day by day and the rates of the wool which is the main raw materl~l are rock eli ng sky-high and cheap~r subs ti tu t.., for ghugqies like urnbrr>]" las and lUI plastic rain-coats and sheets are l>~collllnq aval1ahl~ alld fIlOH'tOV"l" lh~ qhuqqlf'!';1 .u., q01n9 out of fashlon. 3.17 Shri B~bu Khan son of S~rl Yasln Khan Pinjara, aged 40 years, is residing at Peeploo and has SiB studied upto Primary level. He learnt this craft from his mother's brother t. in two months at the age of 15 years. lIi6' wife also helps him. He can mi\k~ two ghuggles in a day - 55 - and charges ~.15.00 per ghuggi but the wastage in x~ts his case Is far less. According to him, government should help the craftsmen by providing loans at lower interest rates and raw material at subsidised rates. The demand for ghuggies is decreasing day by day while for chak~s it 15 tRt.X •• increasing. RAJSICO 15 trying to popularise this craft to some extent. 3.1B Shri Ram Sahai son of Shri Godhu Khatik, aged 27 years, is residing at Bagri. He has studied upto RY middle. He learnt the craft from his father at the age of 15 yrs nnd in . two months. He can prepare two ghuggles in a day iHld had p.I't!par~d 100 ghuqqles durlnq the last rainy season. He works as c~sual and agricultural labour and augments his income by preparing ghuggles during the rainy season. According to him, the demand for ghugg1es 1s reducing day by day for the last ten years and the raw material is also becoming dearer. 3.19 Shrl narn Jiwan son of Shri Sukha Khatlk, aged 56 years, is residing at Uayri. One of his brothers is post master in the village post office. He learnt the craft from his father's broth~r as his fath~r expired when he was only 8 years old. He learnt the craft in Onf! month at the age of 13 years. tie used to prepare three ghugqies a day but nOVi-a-days prep~res only one ghuggi a day as he has become old. According to him, the craft used to be very lucrative but it 1s not so now-a-days and th" dem~nd for ghuggies 1s on the - 56 .. decrease as also the raw material is becoming dearer d~y-hy-day. Thn work of ctl'_klJl~ (~hf't .. t!.) l~. how .. v .. r. pJ'oYl.t"!'lsluq (july In lil" lll-h .... c~IILn'!5 of l"ollk ~lId Aliyarh. 3'120 Shri Harchand son of Shri Fatta nam Khatik, aged 49 years, is supposed to be the best crafts~CU1 at Raj Mahal. He Is literate without educational level • •Je learnt'the craft from his father in about three months and mastered it through continued practice. During 1983-84, he imparted training to eleven trainees f or six months through District Rural Development Agency (OflOA) • He can prepare three superior quality ghuggies ina day. He is owning about four acres of lind and about 15 sheep. According to him, the demand for ghuggies has decreased because of the introduction of cheaper substitutes like umbrellas and plastic ghuggies and the unprecedented hike in the prices of wool which is the only raw m~terial. He used to prepare ghuggies on labour charges but has since left the practice and now he prepares his own ghuggies and sells them to get a higher profit. Outside demand for ghuggies'is nil and now-a-days he Is thinking to switch over to prepare chakm:a (shoets) on commercial basis. 3.21 Shri Raj Kumar son of Shri Sunder Lal Khatik ,,0 d 71 y .. ar~, 15 ~ re51d~lIt of HaJ ivi .. hal. II .. has - 57- 5 tudi~d upto m.'i tric level and has purchasttd 30 she~p from the loan advanced by Arava!i Anchlik Gramin Bank Ra j Mahal. He received u-a1ning of fel t-making 1n 1983-84 for six months under the "rraining of youths for Self Employm~nt (TRYSEM) progranune under the auspicies of the Panchayat Samiti,Deull. He was trained by Shri Harchand Khatlk. He has also applied for a loan of Rs.10,OOO.OO from DRDA Tonk to flourish this trade. ~ lie intends to produce fel t sheets as ghu~mles are going out of fashion. CHAPTEH - IV M.1nufar. turlnQ Pro(',.,.4Il Th" l~rqf'T ttl" rlfltrn::mrt, t.h..- hro.df'r 1 «; thf' h~c;" of th~ craft. rh" d~mand also qov ... rns the numb~r of c~ntres and workers. The innovations, efficiency and creativity etc. ~re ~ll Import~nt factors In continuation and cr,.al1on of d"mand hoth local and outsld,. and thu'\ the prOC8~S of m~nufacturflt plays an important rollt 1n meeting out the existing demands and creating new demands. 4.2 Amongst the sampled households practising the craft, heads of 58.44 per cent households work at their residence, of 5.20 per cent households at workshop owned by the ref~rrent households and of 36.36 p~r cent house holds at workshop owned by oth~rs. Of the total workers engaged in the craft, 60.63 per cent work at their own residence; 6.30 per cent at workshop owned by the referrent households and 33.01 per cent at workshop owned by others. There is only one household where a worker is working at a place different than the place of work of the head of the referrent household. None of the workers is working at the tralnlng-cum-production centre. - ~;')-. Table IV.1 Households and persons engaged 1n the craft as related to place of work =:======Place of work of Number of Place of work of persons Head of Hou~ehold Households other than head of the where household place of Same as that Other than work of of the head head of tht'J head of HH (as noted of household household ::::::::r::::::::;;:=;=~:~:~::::;;:::~:::::::;::~;;;::; 1. Part of the 45 32 dwelling house - 2. Workshop (1) Owned by 4 4 the house hold (11)Oll'med by 28 13 1 others -----~------~------Tota.l 77 49 1 ====== Amongst the workers engaged 1n the craft, 34.64 per cent are 1n the age group 15-34; 49.61 per cent 1n the age-group 35-59 and 15y 75 per cent in the age-group 60 & above. Of these workers, 3.94 per cent a.re engaged in this craft for less than 5 years; 13.38 per cent for 5-9 years, 36.22 per cent for 10-19 years, and 46.46 per cent for 20 years and more. Of the workers working in their dw~111ng hous~s, 46.75 p~r c~nt ar~ ~nqaged in the craft for more than 20 years and 44.16 per cent for 10-19 years. - 60- Information regarding households classified by broad age-groups, place of work and duration of work in the handicraft in relation to head of household and other members has been presented in table 13 of the appendix. Distance and Area of place of work 4.3 In case of 8 persons working in the workshop owned by the household, all are to travel less than , 1 km to reach the place of work and cover the distance on foot. In case of persons working in the workshop of others place of work 1s located at less than 1 km 1n case of 36 p~rsons and all of them cover this distance on foot while the place of work is located at 1-2 km in case of six workers of which 4 reach it on foot and one each on bicycle and moped respectively. 4.4 In all, 44.88 per cent workers engaged in the craft have 25 and above sq.m. occupied area of place of work and only two workers have 3-5 sq.m. occupied area of plate of work. The highest number of workers work at place of work where 2 to 5 persons work followed by those where 6-10 and, 11 and above persons work. Information regarding place of work of persons engaged in the craft classified by area occupied and number of persons working there on has been presented in table 14. - 61- Table IV.2 Plac~ of work of p~rsons ~ngag~d in the craft classified by area occupied P I ace of work Nwnber of ______2££~e!!!L~!~!_~!_!~~_e!~£!_~L ~~!~ ___ _ persons Less 3-5 6-10 11-16 17-24 25 + engaged than sq. sq. sq. S4. sq. ~~a:~e 3 sq. m. m. m. m. m. m. ------~------~----~-----~-----~------~~--~--~----~------~ 1 • Part of the 77 25 15 14 23 dwelling houses 2. Workshop 50 ? 1 ·9 4 34 (a) Owned by the B 1 2 5 household (b) Owned by 42 2 7 4 29 others -~------~-----~------~---.------~----~------~---~-~~~~-~~ .. ---.--~-~~- Total 127 2 26 24 18 57 ======~====== 4.5 Only 8 workers (2 having working area 11-16 sq.m. and 5 having working area 25 + sq.m.) working in the dwelling owned by the household were of the view that place of work 15 inadequate as large sized felt sheets cannot be prepared there and only two workers working in the workshop owned by the household were of the view that they require separate place for chhantai (sampling of wool). Information regarding place of work of persons engaged 1n the craft, classifi@d by area occupied and problems relating to the plice of work has been presented 1n hble 15. -62·· Table IV 3 Plac~ of work of p~rsons ~ngaged 1n the craft and probt~m5 r~latlnq to plac~ of work P lace of work Number of Problems relating to place of persons work engaged ------~--- in the Adequate Inadequate craft Big Oth~r prob size lems relating Namda to place of can work. Require not seperate be place for pre chhat::ai pared 1 • Part of th~ 75 72 J dwelling houses 2. Workshop 52 50 2 J. Training cum productIon centre ------~------~------Total 127 122 3 2 4.6 In all, 63.64 per cent sampl ed households own the place of their working of which four are working 1n their workshops ilnd th~ rest 1n their dwelling places. The hlqhest number of these households h~ve working area 6-10 sq.m. followed by those having working area 11-16 sq.m. and there 1s only one household having working area 3-5 sq.m. There are only two households which have eleven or more persons working together. Information regarding households owning place of work classified by area occupied and number of persons working therein has been presented in table 16. • 0' 'It C'II III 01 I H r-- \0 .~ I'- cr 01 CO -i 0 U') -t (J.I C H 10 ()\ ()\ '0 °rot • of-) -i -i Q) :>- 0'01 OM ", \() U1 S go ..c:: 0 III 0 '0 U') 0 r-1 III OJ 0 H -t CO .c I .+J V Q) Q) O'Q) "'" H III (") (I) E I CO :s I :> 0 (IJ H >- ..c:: I/) \() I .Q Q) I QI 'H CH r-1 "0 0 CO~ .Q CU ..cCI) CO ''; H tlE M ~ 'H QI • OM ClIO' CII ~ CII §oci~l Position of Work~rs 4.7 There is no stigma attached to the workers engaged 1n f el t making ner any type of segregation of poll ution 15 practised or attached to them or the craft, nor the workers engaged in the craft are considered socially degraded 1n any way. Articles manufactured 4.8 The craft of felt making can be roughly divided into two stages. viZ; making of ghugqi and chakma (felt sheets) and various items like saddles, sheaths-- for swords, tea- cosy etc. from the felt sheets. The other works lnvolve supervisory work, marketing of the finished product and embroidery, painting and applique work on felt sheets or article prepared from these sheets. The heads of the sampled households s were involved in all these activities, those related to head of household as wife, in ghuggi/sheet making and embroidery work, • those related as son, in ghuggi/sheet making and supervisory work and those related as brother, son's ,.. wife, father and mother 1n making of felt sheets. The highest number of workers are engaged in making of felt sheets followed by making of ghuggies and only two are eng~ged in supervisory work and one each in artistic work, applique work and embroidery work. Information regarding distribution of persons classified by relationship with the head, period engaged 1n the craft and nature of work performed has been presented in table 17. - 65 .. Tabl, I"~f> Distribution of persons classified by relationship with thp. head and period engaged in the craft Period of No. of No.of persons engaged ~I'\ the craft who engaged persons are related to Head ofL~ousehold as in the engaged craft in the ------~~----~---~~-~~---~-~------Self Wife Son Brother Sons Fat- Mot- craft wife her her Less than 8 2 1 4 1 5 years 5-9 15 9 2 3 1 10-19 45 26 8 7 2 1 1 20+ 59 40 10 2 - - 4 3 ----~----~----~~-----~--~------~--~ Total 127 77 21 16 4 1 5 3 4.9 IXXI From the inset table it was seen that 77 persons were engaged who were head of the households and 21 persons were wifes of the head, who practised th~ craft. There were 16 persons who were the sons of the head of the household, 4 persons were brothers, one person was sons wife, 5 p~rsons were fa ttu~r and 3 persons were mother, a 11 these were engaged in the making of Namda products. 4.10 The ghuggi 1s used E for protecting oneself from riins • and sheets are used for making various items including mattresses, doorings decorative work, padding, packaging and covering materiil. Artistic work on the felt sheets is done by only two persons; one is literate without educational level and another 1s a matriculate. Information regarding distribution of householdS manufacturing handicraft items - (,(j_. for purpos~ =-" relat"d to ~ducat1onal level of the head of household has been presented 1n table 23. lable IV.. 6 Distribution of HOllsehold manufacturing handicraft items for purpose as related to educational level of tha he-ad of the household Educational Name of handicraft Number of households level of items manufactured manufacturing handicraft Head of the items Household Artistic------~------Ghuggi Namda Ghuggi Namda Artistic work work Illi terate 14 20 14 20 Li terate 1 5 21 5 21 1 (wi thout educational level) Primary 5 3 5 3 Middle 1 1 1 1 Matriculation/ 1 2 2 1 1 Secondary Hr.Secondary / 2 2 Intermediate Total 2 27 48 27 48 2 4011 It is seen from the inset toJble th.:;t the pernons \,lho 't:ere illiterate pructisea th£~ cruft of Narnc'io Ioore than tho~>e who \-.. ere more caucdteU. There ,..;ere 34 households \'1110 were illiter~te ~Uld \'~10 muCle llc::tllO'-l items like Ghugghi and NamoCJ. 27 householtts were literate "dthout educatIonal level, 8 househol6s were pr:tmary, 2 were micelle, 4 households were matriculate/secondary and only 2 households were Higher Secondary and above. 4.12 Of the households engaged in ghuggi, making the largest number is using less than 10 kg of wool per month followed by those using 10-25 kg of wool and there is only one house hold using 26-50 kg of wool per month. Of those households which are engaged in making felt sheets the highest number is of those using 201 to 500 kg of wool per month followed by those using 101 to 200 kg of wool per month. There are four households using 1001-1500 kg wool per month and there are two households using less than 10 kg of wool per month. Of those households engaged in dOing artistic work on felt sheets one uses 10-25 kg and another 26-50 kg wool per month. Among the sampled households 18.18 per cent work during the rainy season only, 51.94 per cent reported thztxthl~. no seasonal variation, 28.57 per cent reported that there is more work during the winters and lesser during the summ~rs and only one household reported that there Is more work during the rainy season. Information. regarding distribution of households manufacturing handicraft objects by number of items manufactured In a month and seasonal variation in the production of items as related to educational level of the head of the hou51hold has been presented in table 24. - 68 .. 4.13 In all, items wi weighing 18,277.00 kg are molnufacturf!d hy th8 sampled households. The aV8raqe weight of different m.t .. r1als u'\8d on monthly av"raqe corn"c.i to 11,663.70 kq wool, 7438.00 kg cotton, 3,020.00 kg carpet waste and 48.30 kg C olourl'"d shl'ltpts. Only fi ¥tit households reported lha t produc tion takes place during the rainy season and others did not report any variation. Information regarding monthly consumption of raw materials by seasonal variations for manufacturing different items of handicraft classified by educational level of the household has been presented in table 25. 4.14 In all 76 households use wool, 30 household use cotton, 7 households use carpet *aste and two households use coloured felt sheets as raW material. The raw material procured from the referrent village/town or rural areas of the same district 1s fatched generally on foot and sometimes by bicycle and in all other cases by truck or bus. The raw material is procured from Uniara, Newal, Kek~i, Jaipur, Beawar, Bhllwara, Ganga nagar, Sund1 and Jodhpur. Only 12 households reported about the problems faced because of the rising prices of the raw materials. Information regarding raw materials used for the manufacture of different items of the craft classified by area, from where procured by mode of transport and problems faced has been presented in table 26. Technique of manufacture 4.15 The raw material used in the manufacture of ghuggl is .. 69 .. wool, while in the munufi.icture of felt sheets soml2times cotton l<1aste obt ainea from carpet im.lustry is also used. 'l'he ret' moterial. is. firstly corOed or ginned to remove oust etc. dno 1l1i:JJ.~c it fluffy so that it way be edsily spread into layers evenly. The process consists of evenly 1 ay1ng the 1 ayers of the raw material over a cloth ana then sprinlJ.ing sOc'!P-"ldter on it m(J agairi 1 aying an even 1 dyer of the raw mat~ria.l. over it anu again the ::;oCllJ-l'later is prin}~ed. Then the material 1s pressed hard, by rollIng the cloth so that the raw material may get felted. While rolling the material is pressed h~rd with hands. The prOcess of laying the layers of the finely ginned/carded material and sprinkling it with soap solution is called .chhantal and that of rolling and pressing 1s called ghuta1 (milling). For milling both th~ hands are placed on the roll 1n pronate position and pressed hard against it, w then the hands are moved forward upto the elbow continuously pressing the roll and the same process is repeated a number of times. Two persons do the milling work at a time. The roll 1s then opened and ~xamlned thoroughly and wherever the thickness 1s less some wool 1s placed and soap solution is sprinkled over it and again milling is done. The milling process for a 6"x4" sheet of felt having one kg of wool fibre takes about half an hour. Large number of persons are required for milling larger felt sheet. After milling, the felt -: 70 ._ shp0.ts are wtlshp.d and dried and if colour~d shp.ets arp requirnd those sheets ar~ dyed with apr;ropripte colour a ftp.r wa shillq. TheH~ arA no imp lempnts or -~ools uspd in th(> manufacture of felt. It is only thno r~w mat(>rial of soap solution and shredf:·d wool that is uS(ld, it is the h~nds from th(> palms to tha plhows that ar0 mAnipultltnd to Cl'n;ltp thr> 1l,1rnd" ShN't.S. Tbor;p who do til" srl1'lnl:lill" Ilr wool (chdntai) also do th~ millinq (Gbut~i). Tn rAcent Years "1 twas sepn in Tonk that nr:?w tAchnoloqy has a 1 so come UP in this 'fiAld and many timps fother than whatik and J'linjaras) afp. us1nq this n(lw tpchno logy for tha purpose of larqe prot.lu~tion. It was <1150 5(>('>n thnt thA quality of Nnmda Wi1S f1nh11ncr>d 115 comparnd to thr? hond ~(ldp. f·hmda. Th~ d~siqns uspd on the nameli) shppts wp!"p no morA thp traditiDnal dpsiqns but are desiqnpc] l!'oIith flolrfPTS INIVPS anirnflls, birds, and intricntf'> p"tt"rnc; rnadp of colouTPd namda, whi.ch is s(>pn on thA namda Sht!?0tS. Now-a-days the millinn is donn by machinAs also. Thp. rolls arp prnsspd Ivtrd by thno mFlchinns. Tht!> S~V('l5 thll"l "'lid h-1rdnor !lrl"'ss.--: 4.1() 'y'i)IjC:IU~j .uLic:1,...s r)rr OToducnd \"'ith ti", lH'lp of tl]r> ,,,11' r,:I",...tc-: ".n. m.,t.tr0s:,ns, t0r1-r.O:;Y nte. <1nrl thn fIof;}l nnd q~omptricRl d~sions arp uS0d whl1p ~mhroidprinq, p~inting or doinn appllqup. work on fplt articlps. No myths or Ipqends arp attached wi til any of the proc~~ssps involved in fAIt m:::lkino. CHAPTER - V HARKWrJNG The market base is a basic necessity which mayor may not involve intermediaries. Although the margin of prof1 t of the craftsmen :f s hi ghly :J nfluenced by the presence of intermediaries but at the same time it provi.des a wider market base, fac:flitates the availability of working capi tal and raw materials as also saves the craftsman from volatile market situations and fluctuatlons in the demand, and saves time which is of utmost importance to the craftsman. 5.2 Only two art! fee ts are ma:f nly produced by the craftsmen engaged in felt m~king viz. ghuggies (an elongated hood which covers the back also) used as cover to protect oneself from rain and chakma (felt sheets) of varying thickness. The ghuggies are mainly produced in rural areas but of late it has gone out of fash:fon. Furthermore the soaring prices of wool as well as availabiU.ty of cheaper subsU.tutes like umbrellas and plastic ra:fn coats and covers has also played a detrimental role to the production of ghuggies. A craftsman can produce two to three ghuggi es a day and get ~.15.00 for making one ghuggi. The material is supplied by the consumer and if the craftsman brings his own raw material he may earn few rupees more in a day. The work is available only during the rainly season and .- '/1. - about 150-250 ghugg1cs are prepared by a craftsman during the course of one year. All the goods are sold di rec tly to the consumer. In case of felt sheets the work is located mostly at Tonk and Malpura and is done on piece or dll i ly wages. The wages vary between R,. 0.50 to 5.00 per kg of raw mated aI, whi ch is mainly wool, depending upon the job done. The goods are sold locally as well as to outside buyers but generally not directly to the consumer. 5.3 The art1~tjc work done over the felt sheets includes printing or embroidering of floral or geometric designs and sometimes various types of figures and applique work. The finished products are mattresses, sheaths, door-mats, tea-cosy, saddles, wall-hangings, asanas (sheats), etc. This type of work is done only by a f.ew households and someti_mes the artifects are sold directly to consumers but generally to show-rooms etc. at Delhi and other places. 5.4 Rajasthan Small Indust ri es Corporation Ltd. (RAJSICO) was intended to provide market1ng facllities on a sound footing to the craftsmen engaged in various crafts but 1t started its own production and it supplied over two lakh rupees worth felt to various emporia duri.ng 1986-87. 5.5 The entire produce is made for selling, and is sold for cash by all the craftsmen and other producers. - 73 - 'fIle 1II11Jorl.y of KhntlkfJ urc Involved III ghuggJ making and of Pinjara, Sheikh and Parthans in making felt sheets, and only two P1njara houscholds arc involvcd 1n doing artistic work on felt sheets or making fancy items of f·elt. Information regarding number of households manufacturing hand:l.craft i.tems classiii.ed by quantity produccd, purpol1c for wldeh produccd llnd by Rcllg1 on, Caste/Tribe/Community of the head of the household has been presented in the following table. Table V__ l Number of h9useholds manufacturing handicraft items classified by Religion/Caste/Tribe Rellglon Name of Number of Case/Tribel Hand1craft Households Communtty items manufactured manufacturtng the items Muslims Pinjara 1. Namda 44 2 • Ghuggi 6 3. Artisti.c work 2 Sheikh 1. Namda 1 2. Ghuggi 3. Artistic work Pathan 1. Namda 2 2. Ghuggi 3. Artistic work Hindu Khatik 1. Namda 1 2. Ghuggi 21 3. Artistic work TOTAL 77 -74 - 5.6 Thp larqpst numbnr of hous~holds dispose of thRir artifpcts dir~ctly to consum"r followpd by those dtsposinq it to middlAffiPn ~nd thn minimum through the KhFldi dOFlrd. Tllosp dispostn<;r thnir produce to Kh"'ldl lit·-tuO f'nr cnnl production di.rfloctly to consuml1r in all produc lion cJ i.rr>ct 1y to consumer, through Khadl l30nrd a.l so. I nforma t i on rea;:) rd i riC) hOU50h0.1d 5 C 1a S 5 i fiAd by quailitity of fin15h~d products sold and channnis throuqh wh i c II 1. tIs eli ~,;po5""'d of by proport t on hn 5 berm prpson tr.:-d in thp followinq table : Table v..-2 Households class:lfied by quallt:lty of f:lnished products sold and thannels through which it i& disposed Number of House Percentage Name of finished holds disposing d:f.str:i but! on products produced off finished Ghuggi Artistic Namda products through Namda I.DIrectly to Upto 20 6 GOllfllllll('f I.J - " I) 1 1 41 60 1 1 61 80 1 81 100 26 3 - 75 - 2. Middlemen upto 20 2 21 - 40 1 41 - 60 61 - AO I, 81 - 100 9 3. Khadi Board Upto 20 21 - 40 1 1 2 41 - 6·0 61 - 80 B1 - 100 4. Others tJpto 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100 30 5.7 The margi n of profi t Generally ranges between 15.0 to 20.0 per cent. In case of craftsmen selling the goods directly to ·consumers.profit may rise upto 25.00 per cent. The profit is lower if some advance payment is received otherwise the profit ranges between 15.0 - 17.5 per cent ~s showinq 1n thp follo- wing table: Table V_3 Terms and Conditions and margin of profit as related to sale of finished products through different channels Households Margin of Profit selling theJ.r 25%+ items through 0-14%" 15-17.5% 17.5-20% 20-22.5%22.5 - 25% 1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 (1) Directly t.o· 4 2 33 2 2 the consumer (2) Middleman 3 2 2 2 3 3 - 76 - 2 3 I, 5 (, 7 (3) Others (f nd . Kland i JJ 1 Board) TOTAl. 8 5 Cia 2 6 5.8 The craft.smen of Tonk and Peeploo only reported to have sold t4eir goods outside the referrent centres llnd t.hose . of Al:Igarh, Bagr1, Malpura and Raj Mahal sold thei r £:1 nj shed products at the referrent centre. The craftsmen of Peeploo sold their finished product.s tn the rural areas around Peeploo only, while the era f tsmen of Tonk S old their finished goods at Jodhpur, J a i pur, Delld, Bombay, Poona, lIyderabad, Ahmedabad and Madras. 5.9 No corr() 1<.1 t i on ha 5 been ObS0rV0.d bptwpen the qootls sold locally or (~xportpd and thp. educational 1 nvr-d. of tit" hrad 0 f thn hOU5(.:1ho Jd. Nonn. 0 f th~ snrnp Ip.d houst:'holds produc .... d 1l10r0 than 100 qunitals and 100 pr):;.' cl?nt production 'fit'lS tlxportnd by only thrpp. housn.holds to D.... lhi only. Thn. hp.ads of b/o hOU5P.holds in this case were lit()r~te without pduc~tional Ipv~l and ~"~ of one housnhold had studir:>d upto higher sp.conci.1ry !PVp.l. - 77 Table V. 4 Particulars of finished prodticts sold locallyl exported classified by Educational Level of the IJead of houshold Educntfonal Level Number of Number of households reported of I It,. "(,{HI n f houachoJ.dA .~I~Y. ..!.!lfL,!!.!?!:!L!1Ili ahed .products 111111111 1'11(' IIII' 'lip, J.1I1~tlll Y Sill II l~xI'OI'I.·d 1111" II It II II I II Ihl' ,I(,IIIH wlthlu Olll.tJ)UC Ihe "he Stute State 10 1 • 11lft.earate 34 34 12 2. Literate wit-hout 27 27 2 educa t j. onal 'level 3. Primary 8 8 2 4. ~ti ddle 2 5. Hat.riculation/ Secondary 4 4 2 6. HIgher 1 Secondary/Inter/ 2 1 Pre-Unjversity 5.10 The problems faced by the households engaged in the craft of felt making were hIgh price, change in consumer preference, availability of cheaper subsU tues, less~ profit, costly raw materlal, high taxes, no wide demand and lack of open market for disposal of finished product.s. The hi ghest number -78- of the households i.e. 27.03 per cent of the households reported that costly raw material has been different to the industry followed by 18.92 per cent of the households mentioned problems as change in consumer preference. 16.22 per cent of the households have reported problem as high price of finished product, 13.51 per cent of households each ment ioned as availability of cheaper substitute and no wide demand of finished I" ,,,111"1. 'I'll'" 1''''llInllllllq Hl.1I1 I":W ,·"",1 flf I II"" 111,,,",,,,110'1,11'1 IliwP n'potl'p,l problem as high tax, less profit and lack of open market for disposal of finished product. Table V-5 Details of H.H. reported having faced problems to dispose of finished procucts. NtUl1e 0 r pI: olJ 1~lIIn No.of Nnll~ of lIandicarftEl 11.11. {;;huggi Artistic Nalllua work 1. 2. ' 3. 4. 5. ( 1) High Price of 6 5 1 finished product. (2) Change in consumer 7 7 preference. (3) Availability of 5 5 cheaper substitute. (4) Less profit I 1 (5) Costly Raw 10 1 1 8 material (6) High Tax 2 1 1 ( 7) No wide demand 5 4 1 ( 8) Lack of open 1 1 market for disposal of finished product. TOTAL 37 24 2 11 I C~PTcR- VI Craft and Employment The craft of making felt is practised in all the selected centres from one to two centuries. It waS started earliest at Tonk about two centuries ago. All ~he sampled households are traditionally engaged in this craft. Most of the sampled households were of the view that the number of households engaged in the craft were 10 and more in all the centres, Since the period before 1940. The . number of households engaged in the craft has increased during this period but strangely enough the sampled house holds were of the view that the number of craftsmen engaged in this craft has gradually decreased during this period. From the inset table VI.1 it is revealed that a-t present in this craft less persons in the range of 20+ are engaged as compared to 1940. In anothpr Side the table shows that at present more households come in the range of lOt as compared to 1940. This shows that in the present scp.n~rio the persons are shifting from their traditional occupation to non-traditional occupation. 6 . r It) ~ CD l"- N f'41 M \() +»C :J ..... -t-) 0 C .a+» CV -i ('t)\() CO~ en '"I I -I 0 CO CV 0 -I "0 J.I"g J.I -I «D"O «DO ' .. -.,-~.-.-- .ceo 1:: CDJ.4'M +'CV en c.c 8.;1 01 en .... CD c» I CD J.lCQ) ~ 'OJ:! ...... c Q1+' en -t-) -- .. --. 0\ , "0"0 nJ~ ~c» 0'0 o O'C c .c IG'M 6 \() I() CD CD 0. CD Ol J.4 N I N ('t) $ :J II)C:J (1)0 :JQI"O CJ.l 0 00l .cenQ) ()\ II) I C -i S-tc» ~ 0 co 01 I I C".I I() -I CDOl Oll)~ J.I 0 tl.nJ H-I 0 -i J.I CD'M If.t 6.2 Among the sampled households practi~ing the craft, 79.22 per cent gave fifteen reaSons for the increase 1n the number of households and persons en~layed in 'Lhu craft dU~'lll~ Lho JoJ!l L COUl' ucc.ades, while 20.78 per cent of the sampled households gave eleven reaSons for there being no substantial in crease In the number of households and persons engaged in the craft during the last four decades. In general, the reasons advanced for increase in the number of households and persons engaged in the craft during the last four decades point towards biological increase in the population, spliting of the joint families, expansion of work, absence of alternative employment, easy learning of the techniques of the craft, variety of items produced and variety of uses of the finished product, induction of persons engaged in other occup ations, better earnings, easy availability of raw material, no difficulty 1n the disposal of the finished goods, no need of machines, and no fixed hours of work. And in general the reasons advanced for no substantial increase in the number of households and persons engaged in the craft during the last four decades point towards low wages, lack of demand, availability of cheaper substitutes, being out of fashion, soaring prices of the : : 82 · ~ raw material, lesser profit, lack of scope for the expansion of the work, high taxes, no proper supply of raw material and lack of demand from the govern- mente Table- VI-2 Reasons reported by households for variation in the number of persons engaged in the craft during the last four decades,classified by broad age-group of the head of the household . Broad age- Number Number of households reeorted reasons for group of of Increase in the No substantial in- the head ,house- crease in the of the holds number of house- holds and persons number of household~ household engaged in the and persons engaged craft during in the craft during --last four decades the last four decade 0-14 15-34 28 23 5 35-59 40 31 9 60 + 9 7 2 Total 77 61 16 The detailed information regarding reasons reported by households for variation in number of householdS and persons engaged in the craft during last four decades classified by broad age-groups of the head of the house holds has been presented in table 33. 6.3 Amongst the 77 sampled householdS practising the .••. 83·. •.. craft, 64 described it as a good source of livelihood in the past and the remaining 13 households described it as a non-lucrative job in the past. Of these, 10 households described it as a non-lucrative job beca use of limited demand and market. The other reasons included problem of raw material, limited items and limited uses of the finished product. 6,4 Among the 77 households practising the craft, 45(58.44 per cent} described it as not being a source of gainful employment while the remaining 41.56 per cent described it as a source of gainful employment and advanced fourteen reasons in their support. The reasonS offered for its being gainful employment are good scope for expansion, wide demand especially for fancy items, wageS offered are good as compared to other occupations, no problem of raw material, work is available to all, good margin of profit, no diff iculty in disposing of the finished goods, government is taking interest and good means of transport for movement of raw material and finished product. •··04 • ••. • Table-VI-3 Households reported about the craft as a source for gainful employment classified by Religion/Caste/Tribe/ Community Religion/caste NtDDber ,Number of households considering Tribe/Community of the craft now as house- holds Not a source Source of engaged of gainful gainful in the employment Employment craft Hindu ( 1) Khatlk 25 24 1 Muslim ( 1) Pathan 2 1 1 l2) Plnjara 49 20 29 {3} Sheikh 1 - 77 45 31 The detailed information regarding distribution of households reported about the craft as a source for gainful employment classified by religion,Caste Tribe/Community of the head of the household and reasons reported for considering the craft as a profitable occupation has been presented in table 34. 6.5 Only five persons were reported unemployed amongst the sampled households at the time of survey. All these were males in the age-group 15-34 and were ..• • 01"'\.._, ...... related to the head of the households as sons.· Of these only two had no experience/training while three were having experience/training of felt making and three were unemployed for 1-2 years and one each for 3-5 years and 6 and more years respectively. Of these, one was literate without educational level, 2 each were middle and matriculate respectively. The persons , unemployed for 3-5 years and 6 and more years were middle. Cnly one of these is registered with the Employment Exchange. Of these three were in search of good jobs, one was interested in government job only and one waS mentally unfit. The mentally unfit fellow had studied upto middle. Only one persons who had studied upto middle had some previous work experience and left it because of lack of work. 6.6 Of the sampled households practising the craft, 46 households {59.74%)reported that their economic position has improved and the rest 31 households (40.26 per cent) reported that their economic position did not improve by practising the craft. Among the illiterate heads of households 47.06 per cent and among the literate and educated heads of households 69.77 per cent reported that their economic position has improved. Thus the households with literate and educated heads were ••• . 86 •• more satisfied with practising of the craft as compared to those with illiterate heads of households. Infact, the households with illiterate heads are engaged in larger number in 9hu99i making which is no longer in demand because of tho availability of cheaper substitutes and its being households whose heads reported improved economic position advanced 17 reasons while those who reported their econqmic condition not improved advanced 15 reasons in their support. The reasons for improved economic con ditions relate to good-earnings, no problem of raw material, work or wages or disposal of finished products, wide demand, no need of much finance, no binding of worl(ing hours and employment is available to all family member~ desirous of work at door-step and it being a monopoly work provides good subsidiary source of income. The reaSons for the economic condition not improved relate· to costly raw material, work is not available throughout the year, low wages, lack of capital, not good margin of profit, difficulty in disposal of goods, more wastage, high price item, availability of cheaper substitutes, no wide demand and being out of fashion as is given in table below : • • 87 •1 • Table- VI-4 Households reported having improved/not improved their economic status classified by educational level of the heae of household Educational Number Number of households reported about level of of house- lPeir ec~no~ic Eos!tions the head of household ~~~~~ed Imp;pved Not improved in the craft 1- Illiterate 34 16 18 2- Literate 27 22 5 (without ed ucational level) 3- Primary 8 3 5 .. Middle 2 1 1 5- Matriculation/ 4 3 1 Secondary 6- Higher Secondary/ 2 1 1 Intermediate/ Pre University Total 77 46 31 Detailed information regarding households reported having improved/not improved their economic status with ~easons thereof classified by educational level of the head of the household has been presented in table 35, ; : 88 ::: 6.7 Among the sampled households practising the craft 27{35.06 per cent) wanted their sons/daughters to be engaged in the craft and the rest 50 (64.94 per cent) did not want their sons/daughters to be engaged in the craft. Again illiterate heads of the households do not want their sons/da ughters to be engaged in the cra ft in higher percentage as compared to the literate heads of the households. In all twelve reasons have been advanced for wa nting to engage their sons and daughters in t he craft and relate to easy availability of work, being good as subsidiary occupation, no alternative work is available, being uneducated cannot find other jobs, good wages, employment is available at the door step, no problem of training or finance or raw material, good margin of profit, and being traditional work others should not be allowed to enter in it. AND AJnTUDJ:OF NON-PRACTISING CMFTSMEN opa:l~tq~ZL4i 4 qz • - ...... - ... --~...,.....a .,...... ____ ...... _...... _ TOt"IARDS TI-IE CRAFTS 6.8 The reasons- for not wanting to engage their sons and daughters in the craft of felt making number 15 and relate to job not being lucrative, children want to shift to other work, children are educated and hence be allowed to exercise their option, interested in gover nment service, lack of demand, low wages, want to :: 89 :: provide better education to children and having no children. There were 25 households who wanted to have their sons/daughters engaged in the craft whereas there were 52 households who were not wanting to havp. their children continue in the craft. Table- VI-5 Households wanting/not wanting to have their sons/daughters dnga9 ed in the craft with reason th~reof classified by e~ucational level of the head of the households Educational Number of households wanting/not level of the wanting to have their sons/daughters head of house- ~gaged in the same craft hold' Wanting Not..J!anting 1- IlliteL'ate 8 26 2- Litera te( wi tho ut 13 14 educational level) 3- Primary 8 4- ivliddle 1 1 5- Secondary 8. 2 2 Matriculation 6- Higher Secondary 1 1 Total 25 52 :: 90 ~: 6.9 Of the sampled households engaged in the craft 21 households (27.27 per cent) reported about the younger generation taking interest in the craft and the remaining 56 households (72.73 per cent) reported about the younger generation not taking interest in the craft. The house holds reporting about the younger generation not taking interest in the craft advanced thirteen reasons relating to the choice of the children, being interested in service, lack of avatlability of work, not a lucrative job, has to do hard work, lack of demand, being interested in other trades, costly products, a~ailability of cheaper substi tutes, costly raw material and marketing problems. Iable-VI-6 Households reported about younger generation of their conununity taking/not taking interested in the craft with reasons thereof classified by Religion, Caste, Tribe/ Community of the head of household Religion/Caste/ Total No. Taking Not taking Tribe of house interest interest hold Hindu Khatik 25 4 21 Muslim Pinjara 49 16 33 Shaikh 1 1 Pathan 2 2 Total 77 21 56 --,-- :: 91 :: The detailed information regarding distribution of households reported about younger generation of their community tdklng/not taking interest in the craft with reasons thereof classified by religion, Caste/Tribe/ Community of the head of the household has been presented in table 37. 6.10 Most of the sampled households engaged in the craft are following it traditionally, hence there are no circumstances compelling/motivating them to take up the craft of felt making. Their forefathers adopted the craft as it was .akin to their traditional occup ation and same is the reason for those who adopted it comparatively recently but no sampled households adopted the craft for less than two generations i.e. they adopted it last . fifty years ago. Information regarding households reported having associated traditionally with the craft with period of association classified by religion, Caste/Tribe/Community of the head of the \ household has been given in table 38 and brief inset table is given below! Table-VI-7 Households reported having associated traditionary with the craft with period of association classified by Reli9ion, Ca ste/Tribe/Community of head of the household Having associated with the craft No of household traditionally since 1- One Generation 2- Two Generation 3 3- Three Generation 15 :: 92 :: 4- Four Generation 3 5- Five Generation 15 6- Six Generation 28 7- Seven Generation 5 8- Eight Generation 8 Total 77 6.11 Amongst the 77 sampled households practising the craft 43 ho~seholds (55.84 per cent) reported having satisf action with their occupation a nd advanced 19 reaSons thereof while the remaining 34 households (44.16 per cent) reported having dissatisfaction wi"th their occ upation and advanced 10 reasonS for it•. The reaSons advanced for their being satisfied with the craft relate to the craft being lucrative, no problem of raw material, wide demand for finished product, its being a respectable job, no problem of work and wages, absence of alternative employment, no problem in disposing of finished product, no need of much finance, no binding for hours of work and place of work, employment is available to all family members and helps in creating stronger family ties. The reasons for dissatisfaction relate to no wide demand, costly raw material, low wages, non-availability of work throughout the year and no good profit. Information regarding households having satisfaction/dissatisfaction :: 93:: with the occupation (craft) with reasons thereof classified by educational level of the head of the household has been provided in table 39. 6.12 Of the 34 households which are dissatisfied with the craft 21 households (61.76 per cent) are intending to leave it. Among those households who intend to leave the craft, heads of 57.14 per cent are illiterate, of 19.05 per cent literate with out ~ educational level, of 14.29 per cent primary and of one each secondary and higher secondary respect ively. The households intending to leave the craft intend to enter into other occupations like cycle repairing, trading in sheep and wool, cultivation, carpet-making, tailoring, flour-mill, trading of cattle, general merchandise shop, transport,casual labour, vending (of general mechandise).pakery shop and eating-house within about six months. Information regarding households reported having expressed dissatisfaction with their occupation lcraft),future plan and period of implementation classified by educational level of the head of the household has been presented In table 40. None of the households amongst the 77 sampled households practising craft reported any type of dis integration of the craft for last five years from the :: 94 :: date of survey_ Attitude and opinion of non-practising craftsmen towards the craft. 6.14 Among the 27 sampled households which left practising the craft, 31.04 per cent gave it up for less than five years, 40.14 per cent for 5-9 years and 14.81 per cent for 10-19 years and 7.41 per cent for 20+ years. 6.15 Of the 27 sampled households not practising the craft all the heads of households are males except one who i5 a female. Of these, 55.56 per cent are Hindus and belong to Khatik caste and the remaining 44.44 per cent are Musli~s belonging to Pinjara community. The female head of household belongs to Khatik caste. Heads of 33.33 per cent households including the female head of household are illiterate, 31.04 per cent households literate (without educational level), of 14.81 per cent prl~ry and. of two households each middle and matriculate, The insp.t tables is giv()n h~low : Table-VI-8 Households reported reasons for giving up the craft classi fied by educational level of the head of household Educational Number Number of households given up the level of the of' craft since head of the house- Less than 5-9 years 10-19 20+ household holds 5 years years y_ears liitera La 9 4 1 3 1 :: 95 :: 2- Literate 10 3 6 1 (without educational level) 3- Primary 4 2 2 4- Middle 2 1 1 1 5- Matriculationj 2 1 Secondary - 6- Higher Secondary Total 27 10 10 5 2 6.J.6 The highest number of heads of households which gave up the craft are presently engaged in trading of goats followed by casual labour, flour-mill and tailo ring. The head of one household each is presently engaged in biri-making, government service (as lower division clerk), carpet making, rikshaw-pulling, agricul- tural labourer, bus-conductor, cultivation, salesmen, cotton ginning and bus driver and heads of two households are non-workers, the following table explains the position. Table-VI-9 Households reported reasons for giving up the craft claSsified by occupation of the head of the household Occupation Number Number of households having given up of the head of the craft since of the house- household holds Less than 5 -.9 10-19 20 + 5 years years ~ears ~ears Biri l'I~aking 1 1 ::96 :: 2- Casual labour 4 3 1 3- Sale and 6 5 1 purchase of Goat - 4- Government 1 1 service- L.D.C. 5- Carpet making 1 1 6- Rikshaw 1 1 pulling - - 7- Agricultural 1 1 labour 8- Bus Conductor 1 1 9- Cultivation 1 - 1 - 10- Salesman(cloth) 1 1 - 11- Floor tl'dll 3 2 1 12- Cotton ginning 1 1 13- Ta iloring. 2 1 1 14- Bus Driver 1 - 1 15- Non-worker 2 1 1 Total 27 10 11 4 2 6.17 The heads of 48,15 per cent households are in the age-group 15-34, of 44.44 per cent households in the age group 35-59 and of 7.41 per cent households in the age group 60 and above. 6.18 The households who left the craft less than five years ago did so because of various reasons which relate :: 97 :: to low wages offered, non-availability of regular work, lack of demand for finished products, costly raw material, craft becoming non-lucrative and because of old age. The reasons for leaving the craft in case of households who left it 5-9 years ago relate to lack of finance, craft becoming non-lucrative, low wages, costly raw material, lack of demand, lack of availability of work, higher margin of profit in other craft and there being no helping hand in the family. The reasons in case of households who left , the craft 10-19 years ago relate to lack of demand, shifting to other occupation as margin of profit in the craft is less, craft becoming non-lucrative and being interested in service. The reasons in case of households who left the craft 20 years or more ago relate to lower margin of profit and service of husband, as is seen from the tablo, ' No.48. 6.1 Information regarding households reported reasons for giving up the craft classified by duration of giving up the craft and by sex, religion and caste/tribe/community of the head of the household, by educational level of the head of the household, by occupation of the head of house hold, and by broad age-group of the head of the household has been presented in tables 50-53.~~d inspt tnbl~-Vl-10 giwm bp.low: ;: 98 :: Table- VI-10 Households l"{'por'ted reasons for giving up tho craft classified by Broad age-group of tho head of the househoJd Broad age- Number Number of households having given up grou of of the craft since the head house- 10-19 of house- holds Less than 5-9 20 + years hold 5 years years years 1, 2, 3. 4. 5, 6, 0-14 - 15-34 13 5 7 1 - 35-59 12 4 4 3 1 60 + 2 1 1 Total: 27 10 11 4 2 :: 99 :: 6 •. 20 Amongst the 27 sampled non-practising house- holds only three are such as have no member possessing necessary skill to practice the craft and all belonged to Khatik caste and one of them is a female. The head of the remaining 24 households having members with necessary skill to practise the craft but not practising the Same advanced reasons which relate to lack of demand, lower wages, costly raw material, sufficient work not bei~ available. craft becoming non-lucrative. being interested in service and old age. Information regarding distribution of households having members with necessary skill to practise the craft and reported reasons for not practising the craft classified by , religion, caste/tribe/community of the head of the household. by educational level of the head of the household. and by occupation of the head of the house hold has been presented in the following tables for details refer to Table No. 54,56 of annexure. Table- VI-'i1 Distrubution of households having members with necessary skill to practise the craft and reported reasons for not hractising the craft classified by educational level of lad of the household Ed ucational Number Number of Number of level ·of the of households households head of the house- having no having members household hold members with with necessary necessary skill skill to to practise the practise the craft craft 1, 2, 8, 4, 1- Illiterate 9 2 7 2- Literate(with- 10 10 out ad IJca tiona 1 - level} 3- Primary 4 - 4 4- Middle 2 2 5- Matriculation/ 2 1 1 Secoooary 6- Higher Secondary/ Intermediate/Pre- University Total • 27 3 24 ·::101 :: -Table-VI- 12 Distribution of households having members with necessary sk1ll to practise the craft classified by Religion Castel Tribe/Community of the head of the household Religion/Caste Number of Number of Number of Tr1be/CoDlDunity household households households of the head of having no having household members with members with necessary skill necessary to practise skill to the craft practise the craft 1 2 3 4 Muslim 1- Pinjara 11 11 2- Pathan 1 1 Hindu 1- Khatik 15 3 12 Total: 27 3 24 :: 102 n~ Table-VI-.13 Distribution of households having members with necessary skill to practise the craft and reported reaSons for not practising the craft classified by occupation of the head of the household -,------occupation of Number of Number of Number of house the head of the house- households holds having the household, holds having no members with member necessary skill with to practise the necessary craft but not skill to practising the practise same the craft 1 2 3 4 1- Siri Making 1 1 2- Casual Labour 4 4 3- Sale and purchase 6 6 of goat 4- Government 1 1 Service 5- Carpet N'aking 1 1 6- Rickshaw pulling 1 1 7- .Agric ult ura 1 1 1 labour 8- Bus~onductor 1 1 9- Sa 1 esmen( cloth) 1 1 10- Cultivation 1 1 11- Flour Mill 3 3 12- Cotton Ginning 1 1 13- Ta iloring 2 2 :: 103 :: 14- Bu!) Driver 1 - 1 Non Work er. 2 2 Total: 27 3 24 ------,------(,.21 Amongst thp non-practi5 inq houGrho1ns, .,11 w('re of the view that their sons/daughters should not stick to the traditional occupation but should follow the occupation of their liking as children should be free to exercise their choice, they should enter into occu pation which provides regular work, their occupation should be more respectable, they should try to join more lucrative professions, Information regarding number of households disinterested in having their sonS/daughters sticking to their traditional occup,1tions but like to have them engaged in occupation of their liking claSsified by present occupation of the head of the h0useh~d, by educational level of the head of the househOld, has been presented in table given below. Table 57-59 of annexure gives a deta il ed account. Tabl e-VI; 4 Number of households disinterested in having their sons/ daughters sticking to their traditional occupation but like to have them engaged in occupation of their liking classified by pr(.)s(mt occupation of the head of household Occupation of Number Number of households the head of of reported that their sons/ household house- daughters should not stick holds to the traditional occupation but should follow the occupation of their lik1ng 1. 2. 3 1- Biri MakIng 1 1 2- Casual Labour 4 4 3- Sale and purchase 6 6 of goats 4- Government Service 1 1 5- Carpet making 1 1 6- Rickshaw pulling 1 1 7- Agricultural labour 1 1 8- Bus conductor 1 1 9- Cultivation 1 1 10- Salesmen(cloth) 1 1 11- Foour Mill 3 3 12- Cotton Ginning 1 1 13- Tailoring 2 2 14- Bus Driver 1 1 10- Non-Worker 2 2 Total : 27 27 ••• • 10' 5 ••• • Table-VI-15ta. Number of households disinterested in having their sons daughters sticking to their traditional occupation but Llike to have them engaged in occupation of their liking classified by educational level of the head of household Ed ucational Number of Number of households reported level of households that their sons/da ughte.t"s shoulc the head of not stick to the traditional household occupation but should follow the occupation of their liking 1 2 3 1- Illiterate 9 9 2- Literate{ with- 10 10 out educational level) 3- Primary 4 4 4- Middle 2 2 5- Matrlculationl 2 2 Secondary 6- Higher Secondary Intermedia te,' - - Pre-University Total: 27 27 Table-VI-16 Number of households disinterested in having their 50ns/daughter~ sticking to their traditional occupation but like to have them engaged in occupation of their liking Reasons for being disinterested Number of households.. in having their sons/daughters whose heads are sticking to traditional occupation Mile Female and should change due to 1- Children are free to choose 9 1 profession of their own liking : : 106 .: 2- They should engag~ themselves 3 in occupations which provide - regular work ~- They should engage themselves 3 in some more respectable job 4- They should rather join 2 Government Service after - being educated 5- Since this craft has no 9 more remained lucrative - they should engage them- selves in some .ore - lucrative occupation. Total : 26 1 6.22 From among the non-practising sampled households, I none gave any reaSon for the present day prosperity of the craft and all of them gave various reasons for pre vailing adversity regarding the craft and all of them except two households which gave no specific comment, gave various suggestions for the upllftment of the craft. 6.23 The measures suggested to develop the craft relate to creation of demand, regular supply of raw-material at a cheaper/subsidised rate, higher wages and better marketing conditions. Information regarding households reported reasons for prosperity/adversity of the craft in recent past and suggestions given to develop the craft classified by religion, caste/tribe/community of the head of the house hold by present occupation of the head of the household a nd by educational level and broad age-group of the head of the household has been presented in table 60-63. CHAPTER-VII CONCLUSION Namda or wollen drup.nct B of Tonk wcrc ori Hi nolly white in colour. Today, the t. rad f t i onal des:l gns and colours have undergone remarkable changes and namdas are ava:llable in a range of colours from bright blue and red to deep rust brown. In Tonk, applique or patch work and embroidery is often done to enhance 1ts appearance and make it attractive to t;he customer. However, the felt making has not xemained that lucrative as it used to be in the past, the ma_fn reason befng the constantly rising prices of -the raw material. In order to reduce the cost of the finished products the craftsmen have also started mixing cotton and waste from the carpet industry with wool which used to be the sole raw material in the past. Only two items of felt are prepared viz., ~huggi and chakma. The former :I s used to protec t oneself from ra:l ns. With the elTer riSing prices of wool and continuously escalating dearness, it is becoming day-by-day difficult for the consumer to afford it. Availability of the cheaper su bs t i tu tes like umbrellas, raincoats, plastic raincoats and plastic sheets from which a workable Zhuggi is prepared, have also added to the plight of the craftsman. Fashi on has also played :I ts role and ~~ are be:l ng ousted on this count also. In fact, craftsmen were engaged in ghuggi making mostly_ in rural areas during the rai.ny season and were following it as thei r subsidiary occupation) and round the year they were engaged in other persuits like labour, cultivation, trading of animals and •..Jo.:l - 108 - wool et.c. The most hllrdh1 t arc t.he craft.smen from t.he rural areas. 7.2 At Tonk and Malpura, only chakmas (sheets of felt) are prepared. The felt sheets are used for various purposes like being used as mattresses, wall hangings, saddles, door-mattresses, sheets etc. Of late, some fancy items like tea-cosy and table runners etc. are also being prepared from the felt sheets. Now-a-days coloured felt sheets are also being prepared. The felt sheet and fancy items are also prin~ed with the help of .ooden blocks like caU ce printi ng and embroi dered too. Of late appl:f_que work has also found its way for beautification and change of taste in the felt articles. 7.3 The use of felt machine has not adversely affected the craftsmen much. Although it presses the felt very hard and good stuff is prepared but its softness is also gone which hinders artistic working on felt sheets and therefore machi.ne pressed felts are generally used only industrially. 7.4 The soaring prices of raw material, decreasing prof:!. t s , t oughe r compet:l t 1 on, Ie s se r real wage s as compared to past, hi gh prj ces of the f:l n:l shed product affecting the demand and the rising prices in general have all played a detrimental role in this craft. 7.5 On the other hand, some craftsmen were of the view that although the above-mentioned factors do exi st and have played a negative side new uses like preparation of fancy items and new markets outside Rajasthan State e.g. - 109 - Delhi, nomlHlY et (~. hnve plnyed 11 poH'II' I vc role i Jl U l' 11 f I 1I1(~ II I 0 I: I II I' {~ r II [ lUll d n J' I I II I lew II 1'It () 11 I II(! items has also given new direction to the craftsmen. 7.6 Almost all the craftsmen and even those who have left the craft, were of the view that government should interfere and provide them the raw material at subsidised rates and should also help them in marketing their flnished products. Although Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd. entered this field but rather than IlCCOlllfllg 1I IwLpful frlellt.l lu Ilw CTIICIIIIIWII, 111 tl Wily became their competitor by getting its own goods prepared and selling these to show-rooms at Delhi etc. 7.7 The Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation RAJSICO Ltd. has been playing a major role in the production and marketing of Namda products in Tonk. They produce mostly artistic Namda. In the year 1992-93, the Rajasthan Small Industrles Corporatlon had purchased namda from lts centre at Tonk to the tune of &.85,756.00. The production was further enhanced in 1993-94 and the centre at Jaipur purchased namda worth &. 2,39,713.00. However, in 1994-95 the centre produced namda worth only &.92,564.00 and suppli,ed to lts off:lce in Jaipur. This namda was suppH ed to the vari ous empor:f,a wi th:f n the State and outs:lde the state. In the year 1995-96, there was no production at the Tonk Centre and hence there was no supply or sale. 78 Another important suggestion was to reduce various taxes levied on the raw material and finished products by - 110 - various agencies, and treat this craft at par with other similar crafts. The statues of marble etc. are exempted from commerci al tax sbut felt is not. Wooden work in district Chittaur, leather embroidery at Bhinmal (district Jalor), lacquor work at Udaipur, brass work at Jaipur, enamal work at Nathdwara and Namadas (felt) have been identified for intensive development by the Development Commissioner Handicrafts. If fuller development is intended exemptlon from commerci al tax, octroi etc. has to be given to. the felt craft. Incentives should also be gi.ven. to persons engaged in thi s craft and faci 1i ty of loans to the craftsmen on lower interest rates should also be provided. Better traf nf ng faci Ii ty should also be provi ded to the new entrants and trai.ning should also be given to women for doing embroidery, applique work etc. under "Training of Scheduled Caste Youth, training and Employment programme or SCYTE" programme etc. 7.9 Advertising and exhibitions should be organised to highlight the use of objects made of Namda in different places of Rajasthan, so that the consumer market may be enhanced. 7.10 Grant and loans must be provided to those fami1les engaged in this tradit.iona1 craft for purchasing. of raw mlll('rllllH nllel t rnllFlportnlloll of flnIHht'c] producl fJ I () 1.ll(l dIfferent marketing centres and exhf hf ti ons by the Government of Rajasthan. - III - 7. II Dud ng t.he recent. fi.eld vi s1 t. 1 n 1995, it was fOlilld 111f1l 1 rllllllnp, file' 1.11 "eu i.1 rc be' Ill'. PJ'OY' ded 1 U (JUIIIC PCTHOIUI for clllbroi dcry and Pll,t C h work on Nnmd n • Thc tra1ner J s gIven an amount of &.1500/- per month the I)(~rnnll who nnfllnlll hllll III I'" leI Ih.I()(JO/-" lIlunlli lind Ihe trainees are gjven a stipend of &.250/- per month. In the current year 1995-96, training programmes have been organised for the promotion of the cr~ft. Some incentive schemes should also be jntroduced so as to make this craft export-oriented. PAAT -II: APPENDICES .n .- ..,. ..,. .- 0- ('\I (I) .n .- C ('II .- .- ('\I .- ('\I .- 0 0 '" '"('\I ...., II.e '" '" IG .-t ~ M ~ M I() ICl CD M 0- CD N CD a. ~ ('II .- .- .- .- "It 0 :I N Do '" '" '" .-t IG 1- - ., CD ~ (I) l"- 0 00 I"- rn 1"-. M .- 0 I() ~ .n M ..., rn .- .n .... g. '" '" '" ..,. "" 0"f.t ".,• 12 •u ...• I _. A" >.~ ~ I "...., ...... a-.1 ~. .. .- .- rn .- CD lIS .-t U I""I III C::J 0., " .- ... .- .- I"- "'IG.,., I :r '" c..) .-t" .. ..." ~.-t ~ ~ 8'3 ('II ('\I .- m ('\I .n a. ... .- f.t IP. ~I c'O oc .- ..,. 0- a. ..,. 0- ..,. 0- ..,. 0- .-t ..,. .- .- N ~ &5 0- I I I "t '"I 1 I '? + .3 0If.t I I 0 ICl 0 ICl 0 .n ICl..,. 10 0 0 lc(tJI 0 10 ..- ... ('\I ('\I '" '" ICl I"- .... LI. +'>••.,0 ,,'":J.Q ~..,'" ::I - .. - , eli .-4 u+''''>,-Sol" - • co.+' LI. >• lI)~''''' ...... III ~• ... r;+' ... • II" .-4 CO) I N II I.r::"'0'1"0 ...."0.... > :::r c - 0 .... ::Ii. O.... ~ .. +'., ""1"1 U :J ~ t; ca. - - :J II U "0 i ...... c "0 ... co 00 ('II .- C., +'ou :r +'lI) M 0-4 i ...... •...... III• >• ... • 0-4• 0-4• •01 0-4 "0 .. III "0 ~ .... 0- C") 00 C") It) N 0 ::I :::r ~ .... +' - "0 II .. .. u ....• ::J C") I I ('II I fH "0 LI. or4 UJ - III t; III lIS a ...... 0 0 It) ('II 0- C") ..,.. .- f'() U ... ::r c: 0. ,\ 0 .. ~ or4 +' CD C") CO) lIS r- -j- ca. M ..- ....- .- .- .... .+' 0 ::J +'::J .... 0. IISO+,- 0 ... .r:: ftI 0-4 0. .+' u. ('II CD CD 00 00 CO) 0- ....+' ....J". ::J> :r ~ N ..- ..- ..- ~ ....1- ...... C -. -- 0 CD ..- It) 0 It) 0 CO) 00 ('II .... +' 00 M ('II CO) .- .., ftI "" B ... - -- .... I~ ...... I"- I() I() CO) It) 0 00 +' :::r 0- M N ....fit I::: -- - c •• L~ ...... c 0 CO) It) CO) 0 00 N .... U. 0 CO) CO) N .- .- +' N - ...... - .- CP lIS .... 0-4 .0 ::J Cl. CD M M I() CO) ('4 ,!! 0 ::& M ~ M N M 00 Cl. ('II.. "'" - "'"'II +' CD I"- CD I"- 0 M CD 0 0. II) 00 l"- II) M M ,.. 0 f-4 ...... -.. ... ,0. III::J 0- .- QlO fit ...... ('II ~ ce ...... QI 0- I I I I + 01 .... 01 1 I 0 It) 0 10 III N , , , N I I I -I I I NI .nl -...0 ("). I , 0- I • I I NI -, 00' ., eoI J.f ! )( ~ , I (") 0 NI -I ~ GJ I I - I N ., til 00 C - - "C .... C..,., >.., J.f .c ., 10 , I M I "lit' - I NI -I .... '0 ~iCII o-t - 0 ~a.... .c "CO •., GJ =' "lit , . N I ..... 0 .... J.f 0 10' -, -, .c .... it t "r" - ..,C " .... J.f '" u"C (") , , 101 I , , I 0 .,..,C "lit' - .... "C o-t"C i oo-t Z .:t .co 11).• .c , , , , .... I =,., N -, - I "IIt- o=, -- .co .c 'Sell .c o-t• c~ "lit , , , , I , I , , , , , , , ...... 0 ....8' +'0 U).. .0'0=' -. - ...... , 'H • fi. >- ox +I.e .0., • • M , I .... Ol- eo 0-' .o- Il) .&: ox N .... .0' ~ ...... III'" Z 00 '0 - o-t'+4"C .co 0~1 M QI'O.c0 QI III..,GI .... a! GI CD CD CII a! CII .0 ::J CII III' o-t o-t o-t .... o-t .... o-t .., ~.O~ 0~I .... ~~.c ~I ~a ~I ~I ~I .!:lJ .!:i il&. :i:! ::II&. il&. :I: :I:: il&. e)( )( o. z." I~ - . - ~ -- "C ..,. •> GlCII 0 0 .c." N ,Q :'"0 .., 'S0~ .... 0- 0- 0- C> .... .co ~ M to DiJ .., .c o-t ~ , 1 . , +' .'+4 CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 DlO al N M "lit If) 00 c( .... t I !_) Table 4 Distribution of households classified by nature of relation of members to head of the household and number of members Nature of relation of members to head of the household Number Number of of house members holds 1. 2. 3. 1 Self 2 Self, spouse 3 6 3 Self,spouse, unmarried sons and daughters 39 202 4 Self,spouse, married son and son's wife with or 14 117 without unmarried sons and daughters 5 Self, spouse, married brother and brother's wife with or without unmarried sons and daughters 6 Self, spouse, married brother, brother's wife married son, son's wife, with or without unmarried son and daughters 7 Self (Male) unmarried son/daughter 8 Self (Female) unmarried son/daughter 9 Self, spouse with or without unmarried son/daughter and widowed father 10 Self, spouse with or without unmarried son/daughter 3 12 and widowed mother 11 Self(Male) unmarried brother/sister 12 Others (i) Self(Male) married sons, son's wifes, son's 1 9 unmarried son and son's unmarried daughters (ii ) Self, spouse, widowed son, married son, son's 1 10 wife, son's unmarried daughters (iii) Self, spouse, unmarried son, married brother, 1 6 unmarried brother with widowed mother (iv) Self (Female), widowed mother 1 2 (v) Self, spouse, married son, married daughter, 3 22 unmarried son and unmarried daughter (vi) Self (Unmarried), father, mother, married 1 ·6 sister, unmarried brothers (vii) Self, spouse, father, mother, ummarried son, .. 2 12 unmarried daughter (viii) Self (Male) widow, widowed father and widow 2 10 sister, unmarried son and daughter's unmarried son Contd •• II (: Contd.Table 4 l. 2. 3. (ix) Self, spouse, married daughter, ummarried 1 6 son and unmarried daughter (x) Self, spouse, widowed son, daughter's 1 5 unmarried daughter (xi) Self (Male) widowed mother, ummarried brother 1 3 (xii) Self, spouse, brother, brother's wife, 1 10 unmarried daughter, father (xiii) Self (Male) father, mother 1 3 (xiv) Self, spouse, married brother, brother's wife, 1 10 father, mother, unmarried son and unmarried daughter Total 77 451 • II" { • Table!l Distribution of householc1s clRssHieri hy numher of workers and by mafn occupatfonal dlverRfty (I,e. rlffferent memhers havlnll dffforont ('1r.r.upat1onsl Description of occupational diversity Num ber of Num her of hommhnl d workarEl ? No occupational diversity 42 Occupational di versi ty Business (Head) - Casual labour (Wife) 6 12 Business (Head) - Agricultural labour (Wife) 1 2 Culti vation (Head. Wife. Son. Son I s wife) - RearinR of catUp-s( Son) 1 7 Business Woad) - Cultivation (Wife) 1 2 Service (Head) - Namda making (Wife) 1 2 Business (Head) - RearinR of cattle (Wife) 1 2 Cycle repairinR (Head) - Glnninll work (Wife) 1 2 Business (Head) - Carpet makinR (Wife) 1 3 Rearing of cettle (Head. Son) - Carpet Weaving (Son) 1 4 Carpet making (Self) - Casual labour (Wife) 1 2 Namada makins (Self) - Riri making (Wife) 1.6 41 Namada making (Self) - Biri making (DauRhter) 5 23 Namada making (Self) - Ginnin!! ( Wife) 1 4 Namada making (Self) - Riri making (Mother) 1 2 Service (Self) - Riri making (Mother) 2 9 Namada making (Self) - Biri making (Son I s wife) 2 14 Rusiness (Self) - Casual labour (Wife) - Carpet weaving (Son) 1 3 Business (Head, Son) - Carpet making (Son's Wife) 1 5 Cultivation (Son) Business (Head) - Agricultural labour (Wife) - Carpet weavinR (Son) 1 3 Business (Head) - Rearing of cattle (Son) - 1 3 Agricultural Ie bour (Son I s wife) Namada makinR (Head, Wife) - Fillin!! of Quilts F80ri) ,-',: 1 4 Stitching Quilts (Daughter) Namada makinlZ (Head) - FillinlZ of quilts (Wife, Son's Wife) 1 4 Flour mill (Son) GhUlZhi (Self, Wife) - Casual labour (Brother) - Biri making (Brother) 1 5 Namade (Self) - Service (Father) - Riri making (Sister) 1 4 Namada making (Self) - Riri makinp (Wife) - Carpet weavinR(Son) 1 :.:I Dholak making (Head) - Casual labour (Wife) - Vegetable sel1iOJ~ 1 4 (Son) - Tailoring (Son) GhuRgi making (Self) - Rusiness (Son) - Casual labour (Son's wJfe)- 5 Carpet weaving (Son) Total 77 216 c ....0 ....B' +' oW+' IV ue:: ::I0. I P"i0 ....54 I I u en 0. - - g ~ - •• 31'0 .... tJI III e:: .a ...... ::I 11 oW I .., I III ;. - .., - t ~ . -. ....IV .... '0 > .... .eIV III 8' .a III .... ::I '0 C til .-4 C 0 I I ('I I '0 .. c -.c CJ - - 111'0 III P"i •::I 0.0 o.:I.e .c0 54111 CI::I t IIItJ1 • .c0 'OC k ()I I I() .., I ()I i. .::: ('II '05 ~I - III °t I. . -. . -. ~ en '0 .... -00 r;c0 .aU .. ::IO..,::IU - C Z.e.eeno - '00 ...t+lIII'" • • • • • .... 111 ...tP"i en. ~~ enk 0 P"iC k.c u...t" I I r- 0 C> I I() .8: ('II - .. r- - IIIC '00 Z.eBs P"i...t 0+1 .ell! - . . . . .0. 11)::1 ::IU OU :CO II) II) III en en Cb CD M II) P"i• III P"i• III P"i• II) .-4 .-4 II I() U) II Cb '" • P"i I .-4 I P"i I ...• I ~ I CD P"i i IA4• ilA4 -! IA4• i IA4• ! II. .a• ~ . . . . . 'It - i o.. o - I() 11'1 Tnhlr 7 Dlrstributlon o( wor.krr.fI rJn Name of the Total ~o~ulation Number of,workers an~~non-workere by age caste/tribe/ Persons M F ~roul2 cannunity_ All ages Workers Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F 1- 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Hindus Khatik 131 75 56 66 44 22 65 31 34 Muslime Pinjara 296 159 137 141 72 69 155 87 68 Sheikh 8 'I 4 1 0 7 ] Pathan 16 10 6 8 5 3 8 5 " 3 '1'01'/11 tlr; I 7.118 /loa ]I(j I;);) gtl Z3S 1i'1, 10'1 _.. .. __ . ._" ... 'v ___ ..... -~ ..... -.-.- ....•. --- .. -.... ~ .. . - -_ _- ...... --_.- -__ _- ... Contd. 'l'able 7 Number of workers and non-workers by age groups o - 14 years 15 - 34 years Workers Non-workers Workers Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 2 2 0 48 29 19 41 24 17 10 2 8 5 a 5 137 76 61 71 34 37 12 9 3 a 0 0 5 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 a a 0 6 4 2 5 3 2 0 0 0 7 2 5 196 112 84 117 61 56 23 11 ~1_2 Contd. .. ,~o ' Contd. Table 7 Number of workers and non-workers by age group 35 - 59 years 60 + years . -_ ~." Workers Non-workers Workers ._ Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F 23. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 10 13 5 5 o 5 5 5 o 2 o 2 54 32 22 3 1 2 11 6 5 3 1 2 1 1 0 1 o 1 o o o 0 o o 2 200 o o 1 o 1 2 1 1 75 48 27 9 1 8 17 11 6 7 2 5 (:: 0 N 0- .... M 0.- ...... wIGI .- .- N 01 M 0() III .- ILl III .-N z0 CD .. ~ C) M III C1e N CD .- M .. ('14 M t CD ut ... . ~ t co .- .. .. i z 114 ~ 0- ....IP4 IP4 It It ." ... as GI o-t .w 0() ... CD 0 M M .- N u ,.. 2 ~ .- .- N 0 ... .- ."... J: CD oM ~ 0 0- 0- 0 M .- 0() p" M .- .- ... .- ... N I0 ... C ...I .. -a c ~ III .. .- CD M ... M «II 0() M 0 k C .- N CDo-t 0 .w. IP4 104> +J o. as ~o-t 004 l~ 0.=' l"- N 0 0- 0() M .- CD to;: 0 M 01 0- M .- ~ C 0. 12 N CO 01P4 004 I 1P4+J , r . fI" ='0 0 .Q=' .... Ip" CO .0 M 0- r-- M .- '"i .n M M 10 !J N .- «11'0 - .. '"C I ellS -...... o-t :! +J• CO 0 .:J IP4 '0 CII +J o-t III .a u ti B lIS 004 =' IV GI .... -a +J •> i C C 0 H o-t• +J ...... •> :J ¥ 0 o-t 0 t .a lIS .c .!!! IV>- lIS c +J C 'O+J 0 IP4 0 C," -a J: IP4 Out C +J GI +J III '"III +J III 0'"GlGI U IV -GI o-t 1Il> GI ... :2 ... +J +J III GI 111- t U=' ... C III +J ~ +J "'0-4 004• IP4 GI:J'" :J 0 GlGI I '0 ... .cl '0 .... 0-4 +J> IP4 -a +J 0IG1 IV '"o-t 1P4G1 p"... IP4 lIS 1P4 ... ,.. H ...10-4 ::e 2 :CD. e" Table 9 Distribution of workers classified by traditional and present occupa tion, sex and broad age-group Traditional Sex Total 0-14 years where present occupation is occupation numb- er of Same as If different. workers in col. 1 (name of the occupation) Making Carpet. Bi.ci_ of weak'ing maKing quilts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Militlllry Males 5 service Females 3 Butchering Males 44 2 Females 22 Ginning Males 73 Females 69 1 4 Total Males 122 2 Females 94 1 4 Contd. · '13 ' Contd. Table 9 Number of workers by age-group Same 15-34 years where present occupation is as in If different (name of occupation) col. 1 Mak- Veg- Cas- Tai- Biri Car- Bus- Cyc- Nam- Cul- Agr- P~~n Rea- ing eta- ual lor- mak- pet ine- Ie da -: ti- --=ta:r- in...:r--- ring qui- ble lab- ing ing wea- ss rep- mak- va- Itu- RAJ of Its self- our- ring air- ing ti- ral SICO catt- and er er ing on lab- lea mnt- olJr- tre1".Q er B 9 ]0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 " 1 2 1 6 6 1 3 4 9 5 2 1 1 2 30 1 2 28 7 1 4 1 7 6 1 32 3 1 4 2 9 30 7 5 2 1 Contd. Contd.Tab1e 9 Number of workers by age-group 35 - 59 years where present occupation is Same If different (name of occupation) in col Bus- Cas- Dho- Agr- Sheep Namda F1o-= Ser- Mak- Rea- Cul- Cy- Car- Biri 1 in- ual 1ak icu- and mak- ur vi- ing ring ti- cle pet making ('1'11'1 .1 nh- lTlr"1k- 1tu- we 11 inq mill ce qui.- cat- va- rep- wa- our Ing ral bU8- ltH tlcH tl- air- rk lab- iness and on ing our- mat- er tre- ss 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 2 7 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 28 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 6 ------~~~----"-l 1 7 1 1 2 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 14 1 1 6 Contd. I'q." · IL5 . Cont. Table 9 Number of workers by age-group 60 + years where present occupation is Same If different (name of occupation) ., .., II11Htd IIl!HH eul L I Vn- Nnll •. ltt Mttk 1111] II" I IIlrIk III~J :;t!I.V h·u 111 tion making quills col. and 1 mattress 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 1 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 ------";;::::_._ 2 2 6 1 1 1 4 · I~(- . Table 10 Distribution of workers by present occupation type of occupation and other occupation followed 1n case the present occupation is seasonal Present occupation ,Number of , Number of members , Number of ~mbers , workers ,reported occupation, reported occupation ,noted is col.1 as , noted in col.1 as , , seasonal & followed , :------T------i-g~b!£-25£¥e!!!g~---- , , Seasonal,Perennial, Bid- , Ghuggi , , 'making making 1 ~ ~ 4 !5 ~ Business 17 17 - Casual labour 17 2 15 1 Dholak making 1 1 Vendor(.elling vegetabl.) 1 1 -- Tailoring 1 1 Carpet weaving 10 2 8 CuI tlvation 11 11 Birl-maUng 45 45 Agricul turd labourer 3 1 2 Rearing of cattles 6 6 Cycle repairing 2 2 -- Felt Industry 90 5 85 3 Making Quilts & Mltress 4 4 F lour-mill s 1 - 1 Service 1 1 Ginnlng 4 4 Service (Biri shop) 1 1 Peon in RAJ SICO 1 1 Total 216 14 202 3 1 ~ 12.,'1 J Table 11 Distribution of workers classified by sex, broad age-group main ± activity and subeidisary occupation . ~- Age-group Sex Total Number Number whose main occupation-- is number of of workers Business Dhokak Vendor making Cu~ti-va Ion ~c1eIring re- workers having subsid- and aleo having subsidiary occupation iary occupa- Ghuggi Ghuggi Ghuggi . Ghuggi Ghu99i tion making making making making making 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. o - 14 Males 2 Females 5 15 - 34 Males 61 13 6 1 2 1 Females 56 2 35 - 59 Males 48 18 8 1 1 Females 27 2 60 + Males 11 4 2 1 1 Females 6 Total Males 122 35 16 2 1 2 Females 94 4 Contd. IL~ ; Contd. Table 11 Number whose main occupation is Rearing Flour Fel t Industry Ser- Ginn- Casual Carpet of mills vice ir.l9'.. labour making cattle of cott- on and also having subsidiary occupation Ghuggi Cotton Cotton Stich- Fill- Biri Art- Ghu- Ghuggi Ghuggi making ginning ginning ing of ing rnak- ist- ggi making making quilts of ing ic mak- quil- nanrla ing ts 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 m II") N >< CD III ... N 'C .-t C acfii nI .~ ~ ~cCD_ CDc. Ul e (I) ...... >. o :l o 'C .-t II") C'") N N N CD N c. 'C e- '0 'Cc i3 a: III CD IX. ~ nI c:o C'") .-t .., N N >. .c ....o III r.. Ii; (I) ... .D ~ e 6 :l it 7. 1 6 .., ·1 " . c ....o c ....o :g co co ...... ~ .....III ~ N N ....o III r.. ~ CD CD .D~ e ~ :l ~ N co C ,.. N .-t 3~o E-o It) ("I) N c. 6 + ~ o nI oc .-t co -....o 1 (I) E-o «1:10 , 30 ' Table 1.3 Households classified by broad age-~roup, place of work and duration of work in the handicraft in relation to head of the households and other members Age-Rroups Duration of work Number of households Nu mher of persons in the handi- enRaged in the craft other than _ttte head craft (in years) where head is a of the households e~ed '~"lt" -the handicraft ------Male Female Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 (1-14 1,"'111 Ihllll !i 5-9 10-19 20+ 15-14 Less than fi 1 1 fi-9 10 1 2 10-19 15 1 5 2 20+ 4 1 :7. 35-59 Less than 5 1 1 5-9 2 1 10-19 1.0 5 5 20+ 27 3 7 60+ Less than 5 1 5-9 1 10-19 3 1 20+ 9 2 3 Total Less than 5 1 3 1 5-9 10 4 3 10-19 25 1 13 8 20+ 40 6 12 All durations 76 1 26 24 • 131 Tabie .3 Place of' work Part of the dwellin~ house Workshop Number of head Number 0 f Owned by the household of the house persons other hold enRaRed than head of Number 0 f head Number 0 f household of households persons other en~8~ed en~aRed than head of the household enR8Red Males Female Males Female Males Female Males Female 7 11 9 10 11 12 13 II 1.4 " 1 1 5 -+ 1 1 6 1 3 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 3 2 14 1 !i :1 1 1. 3 1 9 ') 3 1 3 1 5 2 2 1 14 1 9 4 24 3 9 3 2 44 1 17 15 3 1 3 CP', .j). .. Tnhln D Place of work Owned by others Karamtalla's workshop Kamruddin's workshop Number of head No.of persons Number of head No.of persons of the house other than head of the house other than head holds en~aged of the households holds enRaRed of the household engaged enRa~ed MaleA Female Males Female Males Female MAles Female ----1-fi------l-S------1-7------1-a----·----19----·----?,~~~---~~1-.------22-- " 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 ((~l' • 13"3 Table 13 PlacE'! of work Workshop Owned by others ------~------Kudaratullah IS workshop Nizamuddin I S workshop A R A M F M F M F F 23 24 25 26 27 2A 29 30 --- ..:;----" 1. 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 13/-i- Table 1.3 Place of work Workshop Owned by others Mohd. Umar Kifayatullah' s workshop Modern Namada Factory A B A R M F M F M F M F 31 32 33 34 3h ~6 . 37 3 1 1 1 2 -_ 4 1 ~ 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 3 4 2 (;£.vJA ~ . '35 Table 13 Place of work ------WnrkRhnp ------UwnnrJ hy nther's ------Islam's workshop Barkat Sandhu's workshop ------A R A R ------M F M F F M F 40 41 42 43 44 4fi 46 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c.,.'v~L:( . . f 36 . .' Tahle 1~ Place of work Workshop Owned hy others RamJan Khan's workshop Jumma's workshop A R A R M F M F M F M F 47 48 49 50 !it !i2 !i3 !i4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 13 Place of work ------.------Workshop ______R~R ______~ __ ~~_- ______------~- ______ Owned by others Mohd.Nazeer's workshop ____ M ______Alladin IS workshop ~ __ ~_ ------.---.------~------~----- A R A ---.~-.------M F M F M F M F fi5 fi8 R9 60 61 62 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 [1 .' Table 13 Place of work Workshop ------Owned by others ------Islamuddln's workshop Raf SICa ------~------A B A B -~---~------M F M F M F M F 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 1 1 1 .. 1 2 1 Table 13 Place of work ------Workshop ------~------Owned by others ------_.-_._------_ .._------~--~~------Abdul Nazeer I s workshop --.------~~------~------A R M F M F 71 72 73 74 ... 1 1 1 1 1 1 , ILjO : Table 14 Place of work of persons engaged in the craft classified by area occup ied and number of persons working thereon Place of work Num- Occupied area of the place of work ber Less than 3 ~ metres 3-5 sq metres aM number of of and .. number 0 ... persons ~rsons ~n9 ~the placE per- working at the place of of WOrk noted In col. 1 sons work noted in col. 1 enga- .Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11+ ged in the craft 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B. 9. 10. 1 Part 77 of dwell- ing house (a) Owned by house- hold 2 Work-shop 50 2 (a) Owned 8 by house- hold (b) Owned 42 2 by others Total 127 2 contd. I I ~ I : Contd. Table 14 Occupied area of the place of work 6-10 sq metres and number of persons 11-16 sq metres and number of persons working at the place of work noted working at the place of work no)ted in col. 1 --in colr 1 Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 12 13 6 9 12 13 6 9 1 7 2 1 5 2 5 2 12 15 6 16 2 Contd. Table 14 Occupied area of the place of work 17-24 sq metres and number of 25+ SQ metres and number of persons persons working at the place of .~W9t:~.~.~e.place of work.notE!d in work noted in col.l ~1. 1.;' ...... Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11+ 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 3 7 4 8 10 5 3 7 4 8 10 5 3 1 22 12 4 1 3 1 18 11 3 7 7 1 8 32 17 .: 1'-1 3 : Table 15 Place of work of persons engaged in the craft classified by area occupied and problems relating to the place of work Place of work Number Occ:;:upied ·area of the place of work personsof ______. Less than 3 sq metres _ engaged Adequate Inadequate in the craft l. 2. 3. 4. 1. Part of dwelling house 77 2 Workshop, 50 ( i) owned by the household 8 ( i i) OWned by others 42 1 Kamruddin's workshop 5 2 Karamtulla's workshop 4 3 Kudratulla Rehmattu1la's 3 workshop 4 Nizemuddin's workshop 1 5 Mohd.Umar Kifayatulla's 7 workshop 6 Modern Nanda 6 7 Ramjan Khan's workshop 1 8 Islam's workshop 2 9 8arket Sandhu'S workshop 1 10 Jumma Chakkiwala's workshop 2 11 Mohd.Nazir's workshop 2 12 Alladin's workshop 2 13 Islamuddin's workshop 3 14 Abdul Nazir's workshop 2 15 RAJ SICO 1 3 Train ing-cum-product ion centre ( i) owned by the household ( ii) Owned by others Total 127 Contd. " J //---14 I' Contd. Table 15 Occupied area of the place of work 3-5 sq metres 6-10 sq metres 11-16 sq metres 17-24 25+ sq Number of metres fti~tres ~~~&1 having Adeq- In Adeq- In- Adeq- Inad- Ad- In- Ad- Inad- other uate ad- uate ad- sate equ- eq- ad- eq- equa- problem eq- eq- ate ua- eq- ua- te relating uate uate te ua- te to the te place of work We require separate place for chhantai 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 25 13 2 11 3 23 2 1 9 4 34 2 1 2 5 2 2 7 4 - 29 1 - 4 4 1 1 - 1 ,I 1 - 6 6 1 1 - 1 1 '- - :r- 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 26 22 2 15 3 57 2 Table 16 Household owning place of work classified by area occupied and number of persons working therein Place of work owned Num Number of households having occupied area ber of Less than 3 sq metres 3-5 sq metres and house and number of persons number of persons holds engaged in the craft engaged in the craft owning Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11+ place of work noted in Col.l 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 Part of 45 dwelling house 'li) OWHEJ) by IlolJo;.Ufot.j).'15 2 Work-shop 4 1 ( i ) OWned by 4 1 household Total 49 1 Contd.Table 16 Number of households having occupied area 6-10 sq metres and number of persona 11-16 sq metres and number of persona engaged in the craft engaged in the craft Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11+ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 12 7 6 7 11. 7 (; 12 7 6 8 Contd. Cont. Table 16 Number of households having occupied area 17-24 sq metres and number of persons 25+ sq metres and number of persons engaged in the craft engaged in the craft Single 2-5 6-10 11+ Single 2-5 6-10 11+ 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 3 2 1 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 4 ]... 2 2 3 2 1 1 6 2 .61, DO oc.!=i .-i ..--I ..--I ='~ ...-4 ,c:a! i t.!l6 S 0 't:'"' ~ Q) I '-- Co .~ 0 0 ..--I iii: 0 0 .c ..--I en ,c: '"' a! S ~ !I: trla! '0 '0 a! .! Q) ..-4 .d :;: . a! 0 en '0 '0 ...... --I ..--I CX) 0) 0) a! ..... CO Q) 0). ..--I Q) S Q) .c '0 co,c: CD Zen Q) ...... c a! +> '0 .... CD e .c S .... J.o CD a! en ~ J.o 'C en !I: rE a! a! CD ...-4 ..--I J.o s.s CX) c. CD 0 CO II) ..... Co .c: I !II z_s 13 ~ C J.o 0 0 ~ ..... a! +> iii: 'C CO '-- Q) ...... U I »~ 0 S ~ J.o J.o .-i e J.o I:"- Q) o.~o ~ =,.~ i!I= » J.o +> rE .0 U» .z C CD a! .~ '"'0. '0 C CD '0 0 i::! 'C CD .c Q) ..... C DO CO a! !I: g.~ .. CO ..--I ...-4 . CO DO .~ J.o CO .... -0 (,0 l' '0 .... liS '0 0.3: f en 0 I 0. CO U .c < -:r C -Q) C 0 0 en en .c:CD en .~ . .... CD 5 Q) '"'0. .c: u 0.'"' ::::~ ..--I ..--I .~ .... Q) II) J.o .... 0 .c ..... 0 10 0 '0 .... 3: Q) t c DO '--CD .... < 0 CO .0 0 -p tID r:: 8 '0 =' CIJ .0 Z=' CO CIJ co CO :c '0 ..... ·c..... 'C ..--I U') r-- N 10 II) 0 to m ' II) oS t:: .... C '0 a! CX) 0 U') U') 0) I:"- . o CD 13 ..--I ' IU) .S .t:: .... C'C CO eX) 1.0 U') C) [' 0 ,.-4 It) N °CDtJ "'=" ,.-4 0 ~IXI z CD CO CD 0. Iii-1XI.c: c ...... - (IJ "0 ..... J.. IU) It) O'l O'l + ..... 0-0 CO CO III I ,.-4 Cl CO U') I N GlOCD ri CD C ...0 t:CD IXI » ..Jco 0 .c: ...-I E-- o..m,CD C C o:S ...... CD - , ..... I, ~J..... 1 , I I I I "0 I I t:: , I co .-I' en l .c ..... 1 .-I CO I III , I '0 :E , CO ,I OJ , .c: I 0' ..... 1 .s I I '0 I Q) I .... I CO I ,I f l m I CIl I L. E CO o o I .c .t:: , I if: 1:10 I ccl oS I ....e:: ·1 CO I I .f:l I I "0 , II) I ....> ~I, Q) I "0 I Q) f DC as o :I .c: I i it ccl I I I til -'C I '0 •,I !I L.~ .c I I II) OJ I Po til , I r It) I .... I ..... 6 I .c I I 0 I L...... II) o I .0 ,I Ei 'C , -_ 8l ~, .. I ~ .c I I -..... I II) I CI'J L. I II) I I .c.... II"':)' co ltI I:t. CD ..... It::,c'rn~ II) 1° .... .D I~.E .... -ell ,Ill .... I Po'C en Eo< e II) 1 .... lI)y ogf 01Xl ~fi3 .-II en en + .... I I .-I o «II II) , N .. I, o o , .-I £-0 , ,I L. Ol ..c o ...o N ~ III (II 'C en ca ~ ..cOl .s 'C m L. L. ... Ol Ol ca ..c ..c...... o ca ~ f ~ m L.ca o L. ..c Ol 3: ..c ...ca ~ .!S 'C m caClO 'C ~ Ol III .poI> OlS N S Uo III L. ~.t: Ol 0. ..cc::000 .. , ....o ~ L. ~:~ Ol OlL. ~o .c ..c'"... Illca ...... e o U~ L. £ III L. m .c:: cc ...ca ~ ~ en to en en + .... I ~ o ca to I N ... o o rl !-< 0) lit ~ 0 1Il...-4 qt .-4 CO...-4 .-4 "'" ...... U~ 0 -?j tJ .... CO -III '"'0) ('t) .-1 .-1 .-4 ~ '0 ~£ 0) ..... CO ~ 3: .... . 0 '0 r:: m r:: .r:: 0 '0 ..... co N '0 ~ 8 .... .-1 0) 0) co 0 0 .-4 .r::.... 8 'f.£:: 0 .r:: .s'"' O)CIQ ~ ..... 0) ,c.E '0"" lit 0."" ~r::..... C 0) co.r:: .-1 .-4 .-4 0. ~ e ~ ..... O)~ l!lc12""~ ~cc. ""0 .r::'O r:: r:: lit lit 0) 0 ..... _r:: .... > '0 ~ ..... 0 ...... r:: co co CIOO) co ..... "" 0) .5 g .c 0 r-- ..-I CIO e .... 0 .-4 '0 "" ~""CO >'0) .a 8 £ .ct ~ 0 '010 >. ~ .0 0) O)~ ~ .r::"" C) N lI) .-4 .-1 Cd ...... r:: ...... 0 0 0 r:: CO :;: III 0 CO .....CO 0 tJ '0 tJ "" CO 0) 0) ""0. ,c S 0) ~ CO "" ~ ,c .... Z CIO lI) r-- .-4 f\? ..-I lI) N CO 0) .... (I') CO .-4 CO "".r::tJ .... .5 tz.. 0)'0 '0 .r::r:: 0) .... co DC CO .... 0) lit ac CO ~o .Si r:: 1Il...-4 r-- .-4 .-4 0) '0 co...-4 1...0 'Os 0) u~ 0)'"' 0 ~ ac O r:: 0 CO .... r:: • <. 0 8 tIC"" 0 '0 r:: 0) r:: 0 r:: 0)0. ""0) oS.£:: CO 0. ~ .c CO .-4 1Il~ COCIO 0 ...... C :J or:: ""0 0 :r: ~ li: E·e..... 0) .... 0) 0) CO 0.0 .c"" ,c"" JfJ"" ...... ""O).r:: m .... 0) 8 .-4 :J 0)'0 ,c .... tr.: o "" z .... 0 "" 0) r::.a Q) > :;:.co "" .....o aJc .c ..... ~ li: 8 :J .c . e 0) CIO "" -...."" .5 .-: .r::.... qt --I III ~ ..... 0 ..... CO 0 :E 0 8 tJ ..... C) DC .-1 CIO 0) ,c"" ::l C't) r-- qt .-4 0) .... N C't) ...... r:: CO .c l!l tz.. aJ ~ III '0 r:: 0) 0) .... o DC.r:: .... 0 0aJ ...... r-- .-4 CO .-t qt ('t) lI) r-- . N N N 0 "" CIO CO r-- rl 0) C r:: "" rl Z o.m ..... tJ .....m 10...... :p·.... ,cm'O sr: aJ ,c ~,c CO m ..... Ill·.... m .-t III ,c"" ""m ""m ..... mr::sr: .... ,c .... - .... .r:: ,c CO Ct: 0 .... ~ r:: r:: 0 ~ ...... m ..... 0 0 0 CO 0 en 3:: en C/) m"" ::>:. tr.. I- III I lIlas .... 'OS jgQlasg!O 1n':"'O'&3.f:: ::J(J)(J)U .:..(J) .c.coE oc .c en ...-I ...... -I .... c C as '0as (J) c...-l ....-c (l.. '0 as.:.. ·as (J) S (J) ....o '0 .:.. S as.c .... u .... . H Z iii: '0 as oS (J) H(J) .c I c. ~asH_as(J)O .... 'Oe (J) o (J) > .c ~H ;: H '0 'S .f:: .... 0 (J)H .c ~ ...-I .c ...... -I ...... == ~S ~ f.S as -is 0 ;!:l(J)c...-l·S (l.. (J) C. H ~~~~b .c E -III 00 CO == C C C ....0· c...... >. .... (J)m,o as as .c o.c (J)S -H .... '0>0 E- .... '0 .... 6E~·S.£:: H >.(J) f! .... 0 u (J) U UI~r::f!O(l .t:: t~ r1 r1 N .ct .... C .... r1 (J) == c .... as '0 as i:: 0...-1 C (l.. (J)c. .c .... S .... 8..~:C,....;'S ...... ~HasO':"O-U .... III C .~ III 0 == ~ CO III '0 u .:.. (J) (J) DO -0. CO C or, ...... 1:10 f! (J) ~ .~..... S uP c '0 III .!!J 'S c (J) H as (C ~ (J)'O c ...-I 0 H .... .c ...-I II) .cc III III .... as H (J)'O (J) .c(J) £ ... _ '~i c. .... > '0 8 .... E 'S (J) .:.. 0 (J) u S DOcS .:.. .cEo DO(J)CO .:.. (J) .c == ...-I .£:: ~c. ~. e H- 1Il~ ::J o 0 C H Z 00 == U (J) ...... -I u as .c'"' It) E == ...... -I (J) .... as 0.0 -....ti'O (J) (l...... (J) 0.:.. ttl < c cE oas :cC ::J .....0 III (J) .....:.. c.c0 .... III .... (J)~ ....C c::: 0 r-- ...-I (C ...-I ~ It) r-- c. '0 f! N r-- N ...-I "'" N .... (J) U ...-I en 0 DO ...-I as 0 DO (J) Z C(J) .c -as E-- '0 ....0. (J)as ii.c c (J) 0.c :c .... c2! as .... -.c H (J) .... == (J) (J)H .:.. IX:- III .c (J) ...... c .c as == .! c -c 0 ...... -.... (J) .... 0 0 .:.. 0 as 0 -en s:: en en IX! :E (l.. E-- II) ... - Ol "'.t: Ol ... 0 .-t .c:o ~ ....0.0 '" ~ ....0 Ol tJ '0'" '" Ol 6(I) r:: ~ co.c: Cl ",'" 'C C,!),f!! r:: co -» 'Cf""'4 co- iii: Ol co 0 .c:§ f""'4 ..-4 .c Q)'" oc oS .c: ..... - 11") ...-4 co .... -g 6 Ol ... .c ...(I) .c ... +-''" +-' co .... r:: u SI: (I)0 .... -~ Q) (I) .c:'" .s-c,c ...... 'C (I) ... Ol of! r:: Ol r-- ~ ~.t: ..... (I) ...... '"'::I co co 0' Ol .... tJ ...... -~ e co 3: »0 DO .oJ:: .S > co 'C -g§ .c: co ~ ..-4 ....(I) co .... '0 '0 ..-4Ol(I) (I) Ol ::::J (I) (I) ...... ~co 0 tJc, 0. Ol +-'(1) ... N) 'ai ..... 'C "'f""'4 r:: In tJ_ co C) ..-i 0 Ol II") ...... 0'" .0(I) ~ - .c:(I)Ol~ e ... ::I :f . " Ol :z; ...... r::.c: 'OOl Ol (I) DeCO co tJ Ol DC .c'"' N II") ~ rf r:: r:: .... ~ Ol .... 0 :;: (1)- r:: 0_ ...... (1)- Ol~ 0.(1) ...... Ol co co C") II") ~ C) o 0 .t: to) r-- .... co ~ C) r:: ..... co o Iii tz.. :Oe ::I Ol .0 ... ·c ·s ...... 0' 0 (I) .S c::: ~co r:: 't:I co Cl ... °Olo r-- ~ co ~ rf II") C") r-- Ol N r-- N ..-i N .0 ~DO ~ OlCOa> N e 0. DO.t: N :z;::I 53 ...... Ol .0 co (- .....0. .c Q) (I) Ol ...... r::.t: ~ ... SI: 0_ Ol ... ..-4 .t: (I) Q) Q) ..... _~.t:'O ..... co .... .t: .t:'" co ...... oS r:: 0 -r:: ...... a> .... Q) Q) .... 0 ... 0 co 0 0 o::sr:.c rJ) 3: rJ) III rJ) tz.. ~ (- ...... c: oc .EC) co .c: c:: u 'E! ...... CD .c: > iir:'O o CD U s.. en .E ::l .!t, en CD·..... nlco en ~c:: nI en u·... o S III 0. CD 0.. enCD s...... o ::l .... C. 0. s.. nI ~ COlli -c N M ,co c:: .... nI o .... ::l e ii .... U nI .... s..oM Z .s;g~ ot: o C.nI en.c: fc. e CD .... In N .... en CD en ...... N ::::8 .c~ .... .c: e .... CD £ co E.c: c:: ....u .... 'E! o co 'gcg o III .c:~ -tz.. ac CD c::,c U 'P~ 'E! en s.. E~ .... 0 u ..... 1:: ar: ..... lII .... « ....g 0 nI- III a ~ '0 nI o .... en$ e N N '0 nI o nI z .c:c:: -CD 0 en ...... 6 m .c: .c:g oc ...::I'.... II) .... '0 .E o CD C) c:: 0 0 .... «I 'P-C Ul '0 ::l CD e III o .... co .0 ..... CD e N N ...::I' .... nI ...... III !::'ii3 z ....Ul s.. Cl CD .0 .-. -nI .... CD E-o > ...... CD ...... c:: o ...... » nI s.. -nI ...... G'O c:: ~ 0 .... u III CD :::Ecn 8 ,c N .... Icc N C c:~ ..-f 0 ..-f Ei nI 0 0 .S ..-foo ..-f CQ .-c C ~~ "C I.t:: Ol 1 t:: ...... ~ 00 .E!Ol c u > .E '1"'4 nI 0) U ~ ...... nI 0 .-c .s I.t:: 0 a ..... s I oc. .-c ea ea (C~ a 01"'4 N e § ea 00 e 00 rn '1"'4.... ::l e nI rn .c: Ol U e (!) .... ::l I.t:: Ol N . In ' DO e .... I In ·C °91-c • :;:1-0 £ :z:.c::.c::00 .s o o S"C • In o o III .... 0 .... t') ~ s_g -81 N to co 0.c N N .., .Egr.. cu U III .... Q) e.c Q) .... o o o Q.III o .-t N .-t N o :c~ r.. III (W) III .... t: .... ~:;: ~ 0 N 0 0 8 ~ to ~ a;a1 ... II) N c :> ...o om .....cu U al_ o g 8 o m!!! N II) r:-. o co . . . »~ -o o II) to ...... 0 (W) .e1O .-t .., .... co to 10 to == t') N .., ~ N CD m IJ .., .., N .-t -al"C:;:I .-t .[! cu -:G.eCU» s"C :;: CU ;;:: al al .... "C P:::III 8 .... 111 o .-t co al N N .., 0,.!!J Z U C Oct:: t2al Cor.. II) 10 .... N E U 01:0 c r::: u.co al II) o 10 » .... t') ..... 0 .-t .., .c:: m 1:eo m al s;::: "C r:-. 10 o 000 N m .... E .., N II) .-t 10 0 co ace al to 0 to ...., N .... Cl III cu Z to co N r:-. r.. r.. .-t ~~ oc(:::: .....ac "C 01) 10 N o o r:-. 10 10 .E .-t N N ~ cu .... .e 0"C -al E-o _0- ~-a -6cum c;;.c:: c_ ~o.... al"C U III :;:I CD ~.c:: I 158 · Table 26- Raw Materials used for the manufacture of different Items of craft classified by area from where procured by mode of transport and problem faced .., Name of raw Number Number of households which haVe procured 8; material of material from used for house- making the holds Referrent Area of the same district handicraft using Vil.laJelItw1 items the Rural Urban raw 01 !3Y On By By I,By UniaraJ Newal materials fed: Bus foot Bus Cyc-Tr- Ie uck Bus Truck Bus 1 2. 3._ 4 5 6 7 IR 9 10 11 Wool 76 16 12 1 141 5 4 Cotton 30 2 2 Carpet Waste 7 7 Coloured 2 1 Namada Total 115 17 7 12 1 1 6 1 7 4 Coritd. Contd.Table 26 Number of households which have procured raw material from Area of the same State Number of households Kekri Jaipur Beawar Bhi1wara Ganga Bundi Jodhp- reported nagar ur havin9 faced Bus Truck Truck Tr- Bus Tru- Bus Truck Bus Truck problem uck ck for, procu- r1ng raw material Costly raw material 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 26 13 1 312 1 1 11 1 5 5 545 4 1 27 18 6 857 4 1 1 1 12 : I bO : Table - 27 Number of households manufacturing handicraft items classified by quantity produced purpose for which produced and by religion, caste/tribe/community of the head of the household Religion,Caste/Community/ Name of the handicraft Number of the households Tribe of the head of items manufactured manufacturinq the items the household Religion Caste/Tribe/ Community 1. 2. 3. 4. ~indu Khfltik Namada 1 Ghugqi 21 Artistic worl( Muslim Pin;ara Namada(sheet) 44 Ghugqi 6 Artistic worl( 2 Sheikh Namada 1 Ghuqgi Artistic work Pathan Namada 2 Ghuqqi Artistic work Total 77 Contd •• Contd.Table No.27 Number of households reoorted haviang produced ( in quintals) Less than 1 Entiraly for the use ~~~!~~!l_!~~_~~~_~~~_~!~~~~~_~~~~~!~!~~~nd_~~!~_~9~in~~ of craftsmen community ------Cash Kind Cash & kind Domestic Ceremonial purpose purpose 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 12 1 3 ,- 17 contd. t , ('l ' Contd.Table No. 27 Number of households reoorted having produced (in quintals) 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-25 26-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 200+ Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 9 5 1 12 15 7 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 19 1 1 13 16 7 1 2 : Ib.'~ ~ Table - 28 Households classified by quntity of finished products sold and channels through which it is dispos~toff by proportion Name of finished Number of Q~~~i~~_~~!~_~_~~~~~~~!~~_in_~E_~~_~~9~ ____ products produced households manufactu- Broad range Number of households ring the items l. 2. 3. 4. Ghuqgi 27 Less than 1 13 1-5 14 6-10 11-15 16-25 26-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201+ Artistic work 2 Less than 1 1-5 2 6-10 11-15 16-25 26-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201+ Nam_"'da 48 tess than 1 2 1-5 5 6-10 1 11-15 1 16-25 13 26-50 16 51-l00 7 101-150 1 151-200 201+ 2 Total 77 77 ------.~.~----.•:y Contd. : I bH ' Contd.Table No. 28 Number of households disposed off finished products through ------~------Birectly to the consumer in proportion ~.:~!~~!~~~_iA_E!:~Eti~!1~______------Upto 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Upto 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% 20% 20% 5. 6. 7. A. 9. 10. 11. l~. 11. 14. II t I 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 11 1 I 6 4 2 1 29 2 1 4 9 contd. contd.Table No. 28 Number of households disposed off finished products throuqh ------Co ____ ~~~~!_~~~~_e~~~rt!~~ ______oper up- 21- 41- 61-89% 81-100% rtive to 40% 60% soci 20% ety in prop ortion 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 1 1 1 3 1 1 10 11 3 30 4 Tahle 29 Terms and conditions and mar~fn of profit related to sale of finished products through different channels classified by educational level of the Head of the household Education- Name of No.of No.of households sale the items throullh al level handicraft house------of the Hems holds nirectly to the consumer at the mar~in head of manuf- of profit the house- actur------hold inR 0-14 1"- 17."- 20- 22.5- 2!i+'I< handi- iii 17. "iii 2011i 22.51\ 2511i craft items 1 2 3 A -5 6 7 ::::-- R ~- 9 IJlftornln Literate Ghu~hl !i 6 ( without Artistic work ] 1 F.du .lovell Nnmndn :'.1 2 2 1 1 Primary GhURhi fl fl Artistic work Namada ~ 1 Middle GhURhl 1 1 Artistic work Namada 1 Mar'rf-._. r.hllRhf 2 2 culatton/ Artistic work 1 1 Secondary Namada 1 HIRher lihuRhl Secondary/ Artistic work Inter- Namada 2 mediate/ Pre-uni ver- sity Total 77 4 2 36 2 2 Tahle 29 Number of households sale the items throuRh Middlemen on terms and conditions ------On Advance payment Comm- Rate Adva- cont- Ission contract nce raet basis order hasis ------0-14 15- 17.5- 20- 22.5- 25+% 25+% 0-14 22.5 17.5 !t; 17.11\t; 20!h 22. fi~ "11% -?fiq; -20,* 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.6 17 18" 19 20 1 1 .._-- 1 r-- 1. --- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~t., Tnhlo ?9 Number of households sale the items throuRh ------Middlemen on terms and conditions Payment after full supply Payment within three months Payment 12% Int- hefore erest next after 3 order months ------20-22.fi% 22.5-25% 25+% 0-1.4% 1.fi-17.~% 20-22.5% 0-14% 15-17.5' 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1. 1. 1. 2 1. 1 1 1 Table 29 Number of households sale the items throuRh other channels Khadi Board on Rate contract Manufacturer on Rate contract basis profit hasis profit 0-14 15- 17,5- 20- 22.5- 0-14 ,15- 17.5- 20- % 17.5% 20\ 22.5% 25% % 17.5% 20\ 22.5% 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 1 11 1 1 15 2 1 1 1 30 170 ' Table - 30 Particulars of finished products sold locally/exported classified by educational level of the head of the household ,", Educational level - Name ,of No.of- Quanti~y ~9ld tn-broaaJrangea of the head of the handicraft house- (in qUUltais.' ) household items holds ------manuf- Less 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-25 actur- thim inq 1 the items 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B. Illiterate Namada 20 2 3 1 5 Ghuggi 14 11 3 Artistic work Literate without Namada 21 1 1 1 7 educational level Ghuggi 5 1 4 Artistic work primary Namada 3 1 1 1 Ghuggi 5 2 3 Artistic work Middle Namada 1 1 Ghugqi 1 1 Artistic work Mat '"'.ncu 1 atlon . / Namada 1 1 Secondary Ghuqqi 2 2 Artistic work 1 1 Higher Secondary/ Namada 2 1 Inter/Pre- Ghuqgi University Artistic work Total 77 19 18 1 2 16 Contd. · 1~7 I Contd.Tab1e No. 30 Quantity sold in broad ranges Number of households reported havinq i!~_g~~~~~_l ______------sold finished products Locall .. --._ 26-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201+ ------y------Upto 11 to- 21 ~ 26 ~ 51 to 10% 20% -_ 25% 50% 100% 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 7 1 1 1 2 1 14 16 7 4 2 1 2 16 5 1 3 5 1 1. 1 2 1 1 14 5 2 3 3 2 3 64 Contd. i '71 I Contd.Table No. 30 ______~'!'Ibe.!.2..f__h_~'!.f!.~l!?_l:..q_s _ _r_e.P..O!_t_e_d __ h_~'?_i:..f!.q__s_~l_~_f_i:..1l.ish_e_d_'p'!'~_'!.<:'t:.s ______------~!~~~~------~- Sold within the State ExpJrted out side the State ------~------_____ ~~~e~E ______~~!E~E ___ _ ------Delhi 22% BO% 100% 22%, 80%- 25% 40j 75%. _ ~"riOO% 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 Contd. : I 7.3 ' Contd.Tabie No. 30 Number of households reported having sold finished products Exported ------. Exported outside the State ------~------. ~~!~~~!~~______~y~!~!~~~~ ~2~!~~L__ . ~Q!!!~ "'"122!!~!_ 20% 40% 60% 75% 25% 40% 25% 45% 22% 22% 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 2 2 . 1 1 1 2 I I I I I I I 3 3 " 17 it ~ Table 31 - Details of households reported having faced problem to dispose off finished products classified by educational level of the head of the household Educational Name of Number Number of households reported having faced level of handicratt of house-problems to dispose off finished products the head of items holds due to the household manu- factu- High Change in Availibility price consumer ring preference of cheaper the subsitutes items 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Illiterate Ghuggi 14 3 3 3 Artistic work - Namda 20 2. Literate Ghuggi 5 2 (without Artistic work 1 educational Namda 21 level) 3. Primary Ghuggi 5 1 2 I Artistic work - Namda 3 4. Middle Ghuggi I 1 Artistic work - Namda 1 5. Matricub "Ghuggi 2 1 at ion/ Artistic work I Secondary Namda I 6. Higher Ghuggi Secondary/ Inter:mediate/ Artistic work - Pre-University Namda 2 1 Total Ghuggi 27 5 7 5 Artistic work 2 Namda 48 1 S Contd. ~" ICTAl 117 ~ '7 J'1S ~. Contd. Table 31 Number of households reported having faced problems to dispose off finished products due to Less Costly High No £ck 'of open market- for disposal profit raw taxes \lTide of finished product material ---demand- 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 10 2 5 1 ,..' 17 (, ; T:thle n Number of households reportinR about the number of households and persons ellRaRed in craft in the villa~e durin~ different period classjfted by broad a~e-Rroup of the head of the household Broad Number of Number of households reported ahout the mlmber -_(If aBe-Rroups household hOl~seholds en8a~ed in the craft In the villaRs enRaged in -- durtnR- the period.: - the craft Before 1940 1940-1950 19fil-1960 Less fi-9 10.. Less fi-9 10+ Less fi-9 10+ than th~n than fi 11 fi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 R 9 10 11 0-14 15-34 28 7 21 4 24 3 25 35-59 40 3 7 30 1 7 32 5 3!i 60+ 9 4 5 4 !i 1 8 Total 77 3 18 56 1 15 61 9 68 Table 32 Number of households reported about the number of Nu ~n ber of hwse households engaRed in the craft in the villa~e holds reported durinR the period a hout the persons enlla~ed in the craft in the vnla~e durinR the period ______M ______1961-1970 1971-1980 At present, Refore 1.940 ------L9SS 5-9 10+ Less 5-9 10+ Less fi-9 10+ Less 10-19,. 7.0+ than than tharr- .. tlt8f\- V'_ fi 5 5 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 3 25 2 2ij 2 2 26 36 2 38 3 37 35 1 8 9 9 1 8 8 69 4 73 72 8 69 I 1'75 Table ~2 Number of households reported abollt the persons enpoRed in the r.roft In the villaRB durinR the period 1940-1950 1951-1.960 1961.-1970 1971-191\0 At present Less 10- 20+ l.ess 10- 20+ Less 10- 20+ l.ess 10- 20+ Less- ···1 0- ?O+ than 19 than 19 than 19 than 19 thaI), 19 10 10 10· - 10 :::::-- 10 ~- 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ~? 3~ 34 35 36 37 3A 2 26 3 25 3 25 3 2~ 3 25 3 37 1 39 3 n 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 8 71 " 72 7 70 7 70 10 67 I Tabla 33 Reasons reported by households for variation in the number of households and persons enga8ed In the Craft durlnR lsst four decades classified by broad age-group of the head of the household Broad age-group Num ber of house ______Num ber of house hoi ds ~ ______reported M ____ reasons ~.~ __~ __ for • __ • ___ of the head of holds engaRed the household in the craft Increase in the number of households and persons enRaRed in the craft durinR last four decades --~--~------~.------~------~------~-~~- There had been There had been There had been division of the division of joint division of joint joint families families 8 beinR fa milies 8S well hec8uRB of fnr:r- unflCillr:Atoci roAn AR thorn fR onse tn populo- not takoup othor wIdo domand tlon occupation because of varied tll*lR of tho finished products 1 2 3 4 5 0-14 15-34 28 5 3 1 35-59 40 5 10 3 60+ 9 1 4 1 Total 77 11 17 5 Table 33 NUlllhor of houRnhnlrlR Mpnrlnrl rnnRClnR Il1r ----_ ... _------_.------~.----- Increase In the number of households and persons enR8Red in the craft durinR Jast four clor.ncloR .------~-~------There had been There had been There had been There had been There is wide division of joint division of the division of jOint division of joint market for families coupled joint fa miUes families beinR families because finished product with wide demand because of In- uneducated can of increase in coupled with for the product crease in popul- not takeup other population and easy obtained 8 further more Uon coupled occupation 6 there is wide ability of raw there is no with much expa- besides there is market for the material because need of any nsion of work no problem in finished product of Quick more machine in the obtaining raw of transportation craft hence les- material and Rood wages ser finance is offered to the required crafts-men 6 7 B 9 10 3 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 3 2 5 ~ I bI Table 33 Number of households reported reasons for ------~------.------.------.------.-.----~ Increase in the number of households Bnd persons enRBAed In the craft durinR last _~ ______M ____ • ___ MR. ____ --______four ~ __ • decades______~ ______~ ____ W ___ N __ _ There had been There Is ready There had been There had been There had been division of joint market for division of joint increase in pop- division of joint families 6 wide finished product famutes 6 besi- ulation and them families and varfeties of das thoro fs 0 fs n renely mor- hosfdos thoro fs items is ready market ket a8 well for wide market for produced for finished the finished finished product products coupled products besides with better there heinR no wages 8 there problem in is no binding of acquiring raw workinR hours material as well 11 12 13 14 15 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 c~·l·' ; 18L :' Table 33 Number of households reported reasons for ------~------.. -~------~------~------Increase in the number of house No substantial increase in the holds and persons engaged in the number of households and persons craft during last four decades engaged in the craft during last . four decades There had been There had been There is no The cr:~ of raw increase in popu increase in pop expension of lIlataria't has inc'" lation as well as ula tion and the work 6 the reased as also there is a wide trade has no number of younR the demand has market for fini 10nRer remain entrants is highly decreased because shed products 6 monopoly of few flufffcient to of availability of besides this traders 6 further replace the ol'd of cheaper trade has no more a wide craftsmen substitutes longer remain variety of items monopoly of few is produced 16 17 in 19 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 Table 33 Number of households reported reasons for ------~------~------No substantial increase in the number of households and persons en~a~ed in the craft durin~ last four decades -----.------~------.------.~-- The cost of ra w The cost of raw The cost of ra w Wa~es offered are material has material has material' has low coupled with increased coupled increased and the increased and lack of market with decreased in demand ha~ ~lso .. the demand h_as .-d.eman:tr-as well demand 6 high decreased as also decreased- as as availability of taxes have also same of the fini same of the fini- cheaper substi- been imposed shed products shed products tutes has become out has become rut of fashton of fashton as well as Govt. supply has also not increased 20 21 28 23 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 Table 33 Number of households reported reasons for ------~-- No substantial increase in the number of households and persons eng8sed in the craft durin~ last four decades ------There is lack The margin of There is lack There is lack There is lack of market profit has of demand of demand of demand for demand coupled decreased coupled with coupled with finished pro- with products easy availa b- irrfRulQr ducts coupled becomins out ility of rexin supply of raw with lower of fashion substitutes as material p~..Ijlfit 6 raw and wases .also the ··pro- '\.imaterial offered are ducts has gore becoming low out of fashion costlier 8 ra w material is ~ett1nR costlier day by day 24 25 26 27 28 1. 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 / lab · Table No. 34 Households reported about the craft as source for gainful employ ment classified by Reliqion/Caste/Tribe/Community of the Head of the household and reason reported for considering the Craft as a profitable occupation Religion,Caste/Tribe/ Number of household engaged Community of the in the craft head of household Religion Cas~Tribe/Comm~ unity 1. 2. 3. Hindu Khatik 25 Muslim Pathan 2 Piniara 49 Sheikh I Total 77 Contd. Table No. 34 Number of households considering the craft now as Not a Source for gainful employment and factors responsible to sour make the craft profitable ce of gainful There is There is wide Govt.has There is good .employ wide demand for started expansion of ment demand the finished taking work as well for products & interest as market. the no machine in the finis is required craft hed in the manu and produ facturing there is cts process and wide which can there is demand he dis ~ood margin for the posed of of profit. finished easily be products cause of quick means of transpor tation 4. 5. 6. 8. 24 1 1 20 2 3 1 Contd.Table No.34 Number of households considering the craft now as Source for gainful employment and factors responsible to make the craft profitable There is There is The finished The demand There is wide wide wide products are for market demand demand comperatively finished and Govt. for for cheaper as products has also finished finished compared to has increa- shown products products such articles sed & there in~~~8t and good compera . prepared from is no.: -in t:he wages are tively other raw problem in craft offered good material and procuring coupled wages are the demand raw with easy offered for artistic material availability and there work has of raw is no also material. problem increased in and besides procuring Government raw demand for material finished products is· also good. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1 7 2 3 I I I 7 2 3 2 2 Contd ••• I Itl '! Contd.Table No. 34 Number of households considering the craft now as Source for gainful employment and factors responsible to make the craft profitable It provides There is There is There is There is wide work for wide good wide demand for all the demand Govt. demand finished members of for the demand for products the house- finished and the finis- hold and products product- hed there is which io·n· of - products wide can be fancy even demand for dis- items outside the posed of has the finished easily also State products because incre- of because of ased Raj- of it quick asthan varied means because uses of of its trans- varied portation use & the raw material can be procured easily 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 Table No. 35 Households reported having improved/not improved-th.eir~'leconomic status with reasons there of classified by educational level of the head of the household Educational Number Number of households reported about their level of the of economic position head of the house household holds Imoroved due to engaged in the Work The The The Work craft is craft work waqes is avail is is offered easily able lucr easy are available at the ati\le & qood and there door margin and is no step of work alternative profit is ;ob also it is easily good avail able 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Illi terate 34 1 7 1 1 Literate n 2 8 (without educational level Primary 8 1 Middle 2 1 Matriculat ion, 4 2 Secondary Higher 2 1 Secondary I ntermed iate, Pre-Uni \lers ity Total 77 4 18 1 1 1 contd ••• " I Stl r Contd.Table No.35 Number of households reoorted about their economic oosition Impro·.fed due to 'l'he The Not The The The craft: era ft. much .. era H. c::ra ft. ~r:&ft ~r1{ is is is finance is i.s i.s available lucrative 1. ucrat i. 'Je is lucrat luc::ra lucr- for all & & needed ive t:i ve a_lve... the their more in & & & members of is wide lucrative prac there there there the house demand ;oh is tising is no i.s no i.s no holds of not the problem bindi need and there fini~hen ilvail r.rfl ft in pror. ng of i.s no prO(ll1rl· .'1 "b11"' Ilring nf np('("' n(\(\o ()f the wor.king i i) 1- milch raw hours ised finance mater or any trai.n ial type of inq subor. dinati.on 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 .1 Contd •• Iqo: Contd.Table No. 35 Number of households reoorted about their economi.c oosition Improved due to Work is The Work Work is It is a good available craft is available subsidiary for l) 1 1 is allililnhle for both work the 1 ur.r.at i 11e for the sexes members & both of the th",r.e the house- is no sexes hold need and and of earninq there much are Is no finance qood bindinq of wor.kinq hourn or any type of subor.di- nate 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 Cont:d •• Contd.Table No. 3~ Number of households reoorted about their ec_onomiLPos ~0n Not improved due to The The There Raw There is The raw finished is no materia 1. no wide craft is mater products wide is demand not ial are demand costly for the lucrative is costly & & ther~ finished becom & the is no products ing there raw wide & the day is no material demand margin by day wide is of of costlier demand costly finished ~rofit: & the & the Drodur.t9 i9 low demand margin & the as for of margin compared finished profit of to hard products is also profit labour is low is low involved dimini as shing compared as it is to hard becoming labour out of involved bouge 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 I 1 3 1 1 2 6 2 Contd. Contd.Table No. 35 Number of households reported about their economic position Not improved due to The The The Hard work There is wages wages margin is lack of offered offered of involved demand for are are profit & the finished low & low is not cost of products raw as good material . & hard material compared as is also labour is is to the compared high involved costly hard to the the and labour hard demand wastage involved labour for the is & i~~61ved--finished higher there products than is is envisaged lack also not of good ava ilabil i ty & work of work ls also not available through ')ut the year 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 2 3 I 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 Contd. contd.Table No. 35 Number of households reported about their economic position Not improved due to The Hard The wages The wages offered cost of labour offered are are low and work is raw is low hard not available material involved labour is through out is margin involved the year, high of and there hard labour & hard profit is no is involved labour is wide and there is is low demand for no much demand involved & the the for the work finished products finished is not J?rod~ available through out the year 31. 32. 33. 34. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 2 2 • Iq'-l ' Table No. 36 .·Households wanting/not want ing to have their sons/daughters engaged in the craft with reasons thereof classified by educa ional level of the head of the household Educational level of the Number of households engaged in head of the household the craft 1. 2. I lli terate 34 Literate(without educational 27 level) Primary or Junior basic 8 Middle 2 Matriculation/Secondary 4 Higher Secondary/ 2 Intermediate/Pre-University Total 77 Contd ••• Contd. Table No. 36 Number of households wanting to have their sons/daughters engaged in the same craft due to It is a It is The No There is Various type tradi a craft much no orob of items tional tradi- can finance lem in can be occupa tional be is procuring prepared tions occupa- easily requi raw tion learnt red material and even to and fancy even by start item illiter- illiter- the prepared ate ate work are person person easily can do sold learn it easily 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B. 2 1 1 2 I 5 1 1 1 B 1 1 1 2 2 Contd ••• , I : I q" Contd.Table No. 36 Number of households wanting to have their sons/daughters engaged in the same craft due to It is a The Work No It is a It is a tra- traditi- craft is specific well ditional onal is avail- training establi- occupational occupa- luc- able is shed occupation and tion rative at required tradi- work is and door and tional available at craft is step work is occupa- the door step luc- avail- tion rative able at door step 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 Contd •• Contd. Table No.36 Number of households wanting to have their sons/daughters engaged in the same craft due to The Inter- The Work Wages Being Children house- ested craft is not offered educated should be hold to is no avail- are children allowed has engage more able very are to no the lucr- throught low interes- opt child- child- ative the ted the iob ren ren in because year in of their service of lack and it service own of is not choice demand a good for source finished of product like- lihood 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. -- -2t. ..v- 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 4 3 5 6 7 Contd ••• Contd.Table No. 36 Number of households not wanting to have their sons/daughters engaged in the craft due to Work There Want Want Requ- There Craft Children is not should to to ired is is are not avail be no prolTide pro- work no not interested able comp the vide i.s wide luer in this throu lsion child good not dem ative craft ght on ren educ- ava- and hence the child better at ion il- for inter year ren educa to able the ested hence in tion child- fin- in desire opt and ren ished ser to ing engaged pro vice engaged their them duct the occup in and child ation Govt. the ~en them service craft in selves is service but not how a ever good are sour want ce to of provide live t.hem lihood good hence educa inter tion ested and in engaged service them in service 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 3 ____ _ ~- , Iq q Table No. 37 Households reported about younger generation of their community taking not taking interest in the craft with reasons there of classified by Religion, Caste/Tribe/Community of the Head of the household Religion,Caste/Tribe Number Number of households reported Community of the of about the younger genera~ion head of the household house holds Taking interest Not taking Religion Caste/Tribe engaged in the craft. interest in Community in the the craft craft 1. ? • .3. 4. 5. Hindu Khatik 25 4 21 Muslim Pin;ara 49 16 3.3 Shaikh I I Patha.n 2 ? Total 77 21 56 Contd.Table No. 37 Number of households reported about the younger generation taking interest in the craft due to They They Due to Prosoe No Lack By prepa::rtng can don't fami ly r""ous interest of fancy item earn haiTe job j(;bl in other can create a well any they profit study good big market other feel able un job outside the a It: er some jobl educated State native moral get attar.h work ment easi ly 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 3 4 2 4 5 3 1 I 1 3 5 3 4 5 3 Contd. " 20c ., Contd.Table No. 37 Number of household reported about the younger generation taking interest in the craft due to No They They Not Inter- Hard Lack of other don't want a ested work w()rk work get to do profi t- in for higher work able service un- ednca- of job educated tion to t.heir get own Govt. choice 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1 C) 7 :1 2 3 6 19 6 2 1 1 2 1 4 16 27 9 3 Contd.Table No.37 Number of household reported about the younger generation taking interest in the craft due to They Lack Engaged Costly Chea- Market- Costly They don't of other items pp.r ing raw want want demand trade subst- problem mater- other to itute ial good stiek ;ob with this low paid business 20. 21. :72 • -23 ; 'N-~ ~5. ,,&;-- i:r.-. . 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 3 1 1 1 1 3 ..;'I" ex....\U~ I '•. Table 38 - Households reported having associated traditionaly with the craft with period of association classified by Religion, Caste/Tribe/Community of head- .()f ,th~"household Religion, caste, Number of Number of households reported their tribe/community of households association with craft the head of the engaged in household the craft Traditionaly Not Traditionaly Religion Cast/ Tribe/ Community 1. 20 3. 4. 50 Hindu Khatik 25 25 Muslim Pinjara 49 49 Sheikh 1 1 Pathan 2 2 Total 77 77 Contdo Table 38 Number of households reported their association with the craft traditionaly since One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine gen gen gen gen gen gen gen gen gen era er8- era era era era era era era tion tion tion tion tion tion tion tion tion 60 B 9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 2 13 2 2 10 1 1 1 1 13 16 4 8 1 1 1 3 15 3 15 28 5 8 ·Table No. 39 Number of households report.ed having satisfact.i.on/dissatisfaction wi.th the occupation(Craft) with reasons there of classified by educational level of the head of the household Educational level Number Number of households reported their satisfar.ti- of the head of of on with the or.cupation due to household house- hold We It It can There is engag- follow provides does wide demand ed it: emoloy- not of finished ment require in even etlen products the as a during any and the craft subs i- the edut::a- craft is diary rainy tional quite occupa- season back lucrative tion ground or much finanr.:e 1. 2. 3. 4. ~. 6:J- Illiterate 34 1 2 1 1 Literate(without n 1 2 1 educational lelTel Primary 8 2 1 Middle 2 Mat :ticulation/ 4 2 Secondary Higher Secondary/ 2 tntermediate! Pre-UnilTersity Total 77 3 5 3 3 Contd. Contd.Table No. 39 Number of households reported their satisfaction with the occupation due to One The It The The There There is can craft does craft craft is good demand el1n1 f~ not: fl'! fA nn for his 1ucrat i1le require lucrative lucrative fixed finished living much and and hours orodur:ts hone- finance the ther.e of and stly and work is no work we do not t.he is to.raining posers the profits avail- for knowledge are able other of any good at the work other work door as and the step also craft i.s and it does lucrative there not is no require problem much of raw finance material 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 7 3 2 1 2 1 Contd~ · lOi-! ~ Contd.Table No. 39 Number of households reported their satisfaction with the occupation due to Not Earning Working There Craft.· No There It much are together are is ·"know- is no orovides finance well helpS no lucra- ledge prob- work to is and in fixed the of lem both required it is maint- hours and other in husband and a aining of females craft/ obta- and wife there respec- ioint work also work ini.ng is no table family and i.t get and raw problem Job and is work the mate;.. for the avai.1- craft rial dis- craft able is or posal provides at lucr- dis- of honest door ative pasal finished earning step of products the and fin i- wages shed are products good and the good wages are offered A 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contd. Contd. Table No. 39 Number of households reported their dissatisfaction with the occupation due to There There is There is The margin There is lack of demand is no wide lack of of profit for finished 'pr~cts lack use of deli1and is lOQ and and -inargmof p1?lSfit is of finished for there is low coup led wi t.h demand products finished lack of high cost of raw material for and raw products demand finished material full for products is time finished and costly work products margin more is not of over available profit hard and is low labour margin as is of compared required profit to is low hard labour required 22. 23. 24. 2.5. 26. 3 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 1 1 I 1 1 4 2 3 8 5 Contd. Contd. Table No. 39 Number of households reported their dissatisfa~tion with the occupation due tc The The There is There The wages offered wages wages lack of is are low and hard offered offered demand t_'O labour is required are are low for whole and full work is low coupled finished time not available coupled with products work and throughout with high uses of the year hard cost of finished work and raw products are costly material limited and raw and wages material heavy offered taxes are low 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 I 2 1 3 1 5 c· ~o7: Table No.40 Households reported having expressed dissatiSU\ction wi.th t.hei.r occuoation(~raft) future plan and period of implementation classified by educational level of !:he head of the househoTa Edur:!ational level No.of Number of households of the head of the house- household holds Intending to Not intending to engag- leave the leaiTe the ed in occupation o('!cllpatjon the craft 1. 2. 3. 4. 111 i. terate 34 12 22 Literate without 27 4 23 educational level Primary 8 3 5 Middle 2 2 Secondary/ 4 1 3 Matriculation Higher Secondary/ 1 1 Intermediate/ Pre-Uni:.rersity Total 77 21 56 Contd •• ~08 ! Con~d.Table No. 40 Number of households intending to leave the occupation an~ their future plan Divert into cycle Dillert into Divert into Cultivation repa i. r. i ng tradi.ng in sheep & weel Al.re- 1-2 3-4 Alre- 1-2 3-4 Already 1-2 3-4 ady mon- months ady mon- mon- doing months months doing the doing ths the 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1.3. 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 Contd ••• Contd.Table No. 40 Number of households intending t 0 leave the occupation and their future plc Dil7ert into carpet Divert into tailoring Divert into flour making shop mill Already 1-2 3-4 Already 1-2 3-4 Alre- 1-2 3-4 doing months mon- doing months mon- ady mon- months the the doi.ng ths 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 2 1 1 t 2 1 1 1 ~ntd •• I r ~'l t (> , Contd.Table No. 40 Number of households intending to leave the occupation and their future plan Divert into trading Divert into general Divert into transport of cattle merchandise shop service( Pvt. ) Alre- 1-2 3-4 A1re- 1-2 3-4 Alre- 1-2 5-6 ady months months ady months months ady months months doing doing doing 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contd. Contd.Table No.40 Number of households intending to leave the occupation and their future clan Divert into casual Divert into vender labour (General merchandise) Already 1-2 3-4 Already doing 1-2 months 3-4 months doing months months 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 1 1 1 1 Contd. contd.Table No. 40 Number of households intending to leave the occupation and their future plan Divert into Bakery shop Divert into eating house Already 1-2 3-4 Already 1-2. 3-4 5-6 doing months months doing months months months 38. 39. 40. 41. 4.1.. 43. 44. I 1 1 1 I ~/3 ; Table 41 - Distribution of population classified by Age, Sex and marital status Age-groups Never married Married Widowed Persons Males Females Persons Male Females Persons Males Fema ~ 1. 2 3 4 5 6 1 a 9 10 0-4 32 19 13 5 - 9 24 15 9 1 1 10 - 14 18 9 9 5 2 3 15 - 19 5 2 3 4 2 ,2 20 - 24 1 1 7 5 2 25 - 29 14 4 10 30 - 34 9 7 2 1 1 35 - 39 12 3 9 1 1 40 - 44 9 8 1 45 - 54 6 3 3 1 1 55 - 69 1 1 1 1 70 + 2 1 1 1 1 Total 80 46 34 70 36 34 5 2 3 Contd ••. :...... I. , contd. Table 41 ~. Divorced or seI#ated Unspecified Total population Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 32 19 13 25 15 10 23 11 12 9 4 5 8 6 2 14 4 10 10 8 2 13 3 10 9 8 1 7 3 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 155 84 71 J.I5 I Table 42 - Distribution of population classified by Age, ~nd lducational level Age-group Total Educational level population Illiterate Literate without Persons Male Females educational level Males Females Males Females 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. All ages 155 84 71 36 59 29 11 0-4 32 19 13 17 13 I 5 - 9 25 15 10 3 7 12 3 10 - 14 23 11 12 4 9 4 2 15 - 19 9 4 5 2 3 2 20 - 24 8 6 2 1 2 1 25 - 34 24 12 11. 1. 9 3 3 35 + 34 17 17 8 16 8 1 Contd. ; (_:~., b Contd. Table 42 Educational level Primary Middle Matriculation Higher Secondary/PUC/ ------or Secondary Inter Males Females Males Females 1)1ales Females Males Females 10. H. 12. B. 14. 15. 16. 11 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 Table 43 - Distribution of households classified by Age and Sex of head of the household and number of members Age-groups Number Number of households having members of house- Single 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13 and , . hold by above sex of head of the house- hold Sex Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. Below 20 M F 20 - 29 M 5 1 3 1 F 30 - 39 M 9 2 3 2 2 F 1 1 40 - 49 M 8 1 6 1 F 50 - 59 M 2 1. 1 F 60 + M 2 1 1 F Total M 26 3 6 3 11 1 1 1 F 1 1 .: ~/8;' Table 44 Distribution of households classified by nature of relation of members to head of the household and number of members Nature of relation of members to head of the household NumBer Number of of house inembers holds 1. 2. 3. 1. self 2. Self,spouse 2 4 3. Self, spouse, unmarried sons and daughters 11 55 4. Self, spouse, married son and son's wife with or 3 24 without unmarried sons and daughters 5. Self, spouse, married son and son's wife with or 1 15 without unmarried sons and daughters and son's unmarried son/ son's daughter 6. Self(Female), married sons and unmarried 1 5 sons/daughters 7. Self(Male) unmarried sons/daughters 1 2 8. Self(Male), Mother, Father and unmarried 1 4 sister/brother 9. Self, spouse, married son and unmarried son/daughter 3 20 10. Self, spouse with or without unmarried son/daughter 2 12 and widowed mother 11. Self(Male) married son and_son's wif~ with or 1_ -7 without unmarried son/daughter 12. Self, spouse, married daughter and unmarried 1 7 son/daughter Total 27 155 -- Table 45 - Distribution of workers and non-workers classified by sex, castel tribelcommunity and broad age-group Name of the Total population Number of workers and non-workers by age-group Caste/Tribel Corrmunity Persons M F All ages Workers Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ~. 8. 9. 10. Khatik 80 45 35 38 21 17 42 24 18 Pinjara 75 39 36 26 16 10 23 ;£ Total 155 84 71 64 37 27 91 47 44 Contd. Table 45 Number of workers and non-workers by agegroup o - 14 years 15 - 34 years Workers Non-workers Workers Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F 11. 12 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 5 3 2 37 22 15 16 10 6 5 2 3 1 1 37 20 17 14 9 5 6 1 5 .- -- ~- 6 3 3 74 42 32 30 19 11 11 3 8 Contd. Contd. Table 45 Number of workers and non-workers by age-group 35 - 59 years 60 + years Workers Non-workers Workers Non-workers Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 17 8 9 10 . 6 4 2 2 1 1 - 4 2 2 27 14 13 2 2 1 1 - 4 2 2 Table 46... Distribution of workers and non-workers classified by sex and educ ational level Educational level Total population Number of workers Number of ncn-wotkerl Persons M F Persons M F Persons M F 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Illiterate 95 36 59 34 11 23 61 25 36 Literate (without 40 29 11 16 12 4 24 17 7 educational level Primary 12 11 1 7 7 ... 5 4 1 Middle 3 3 ... 3 3 ... Secondary/ 2 2 ... 2 2 ... Matriculation Higher Secondary/ 3 3 ... 2 2 ... 1 I Intermediate/ Pre-University Total 155 84 71 64 37 27 91 47 44 Table - 47 Distrubution of workers classified by traoitional occuoation and present occup ation, sex and broad age-group (Not practing) Traditional Sex Total. Numbers of workers by age-group OCCU0c1t ion of number of the the of _Q:!~_Y~~E~~~~E~_eE~~~~~_~~~~~i~_is ______head head of the workers Same household of !~_~!~~!!!~~_~~~_~!_~££~~ti~~ ______house- as Cultivation Reari.ng Biri making hold in of coLI cattles 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G. 7. Butchering M 21 1 2 F 17 Ginning M 16 F 10 1 Contd.Table No.47 Number of workers by age-group ------!~:~~-y~~~~-~~!~-~!~~~~-~£~~~~!~~-!~------Same If different name of occupation as ------Bus Culti- Cas- F1o- Sale Mak- Tail- Rea- Ser- Biri Loader in cond- vation ual. ur pur- ing oring ring vice making col. uctor lab- mUls chase of of 1 our of car- cattle the oet. goat 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 I 1. 3 3 1 5 contd.Table No. 47 Number of workers by age-qroup ______~~:~~_l!~~~_~!~!_E~!~!~~_~~~~~~!~~_!~ ______ Same ______~!_~i!!~!~~_~~~!_~!_~££~~~!~~______60+years where as Cas- Biri Tai- Agr- Cul- Bat- Fi11.- Clo- Bus Rikshaw present occupa in ual mak- lor- icu- tiv- tery ing th dri- puller tion is col. lab- ing ing ltu- ati- rep- of sell- ver· S;;;-Ifdiffe~;nt lour ral on air qui.- ing as name of occ- lab- Its in ~!:.!~!L __ oor 1 ~o. Flour Mills 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2B. 29. 30. 31. 32. 4 I 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 I I ------~------Table- 48 Distribution of workers classified by traditional and present occupation and broad age group and the reasons For leaving traditional occupation Traditional Sex Total Number of workers by age-qroup occupation of num- of the the ber _____ Q:!~_~~~~~_~e~~_E~es~~~_~~~~~~i2~_is ______head of the head of Same If different the reason for leaving the tradit- household of wot:'- as i~~~!_~~~~~~i~~ ______the kers in Col. Lack No Lack Good POlTerty Purch- Hard house- of of pro- work hold 1 good ased dem- pro- work fit agri.- and fit in cul- car- tural pet land work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Butchering M 21 1 1 1 1 F 17 1 1 1 Ginning M 16 F 10 1 Total 64 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Contd •• I c1~5: Contd.Table No. 4B Number of workers by age-qroup 15-34 years where ~resent or.cupation is ------~------Same !!_~!!!~~~~~_~~~_E~~~~~_!~~_!~~Y!~9_~~~_~~~~!~!~~~!_~~~~~~!~~ ____ _ M In C-r 1 tack Good No!: Good Net L;ICk of o • of job good profit good work demand of for in profi~ servir.e 1iveli- carpet hood work I? • 13. 14. l'i. 16. 1.7.1 lB. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 ? 5 1 4 1 2 3 Contd. Contd. Table No. 48 Number of workers by 8ge=group ______~~:?_~JL~~~_~~~_~p!_~~~n~_2_q:~~!~i~~_~s ______ _____ !~_~!~~~~~nt_~h!_~!~~~_~2~_!!~y!~g_~h~_~E~2!~!2~~!_2~~~~~2~ ____ _ Good Poverty Hard work Interested Lew Costly raw profit in wages material in service agriculture 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 . 3 2 5 2 1 2 4 1 8 4 Contd. Contd.Table No. 48 No of workers by age=group ______}~~~J_y_~~~s_~h_~t~J>~_~~~~t_2~~~!~~_n_j~______ Same ~f_~~~~!~!~~_~~!_~~~~~_f~~_l~~~!~2_~~~_t~~~!~!2~~!_~££~e~~!~~ ______as in Hard Good Lack No good Poverty Lew wages Col. worl( iob of profit 1 of demand service 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 4 2 l' 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 4 10 3 2 2 Contd.Table No. 48 No of workers by aqe-grouo 60 years where present ______~~~~~~!2!!_!~ ______~2:~~_Y~i!!~~_~~~~~_E~~~~!!!:_~~~~~~!!?~_!~ Same It different the reason for if different the reason for leaving as l~~~!!!9_~~~_~E~~!~!2!!~!_2££u~ti~ ~~!_~~i!!~!~!~!!i!!!_~~~~ei!!~!~!! ______-- col.. I No good profit Purchased Good Lack of work agricu- profit Itural in land aqri.cu- lture 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 1 1 1 =' 2 1 Table 49 - Distribution of non-workers by sex, age and type of activity Age-group Number of Number of non-workers by type of activity and sex non-workers Persons M F Infant Full time Household Seeking Dependent student duties employment M F M F M F M F M F 1. 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 o - 14 74 42 32 5 2 18 6 1 19 23 15 - 19 2 11- 1 1 20 - 24 2 2 2 25 - 29 6 6 - 6 30 - 39 2 2 - 2 40 - 49 50 - 59 1 1 - 1 60 + 4 22- 2 2 A __ Total 91 47 44 5 2 19 6 10 2 21 26 Tahle 50 HO\lseholds reported reasons for RivinR up the craft classified by sex, reliRion and caste/tribe/community of the Head of the Household Religion Caste/Tribe/ Sex of Number of Number of households CommunHy of the head head of household havinR Riven up the of the household household craft since ------Religion Caste/Tri- Less than 5 years due be/Commu- to nity ------The work The work is not av- i.s not av- ailable ailable regularly reRularly and the waRes off- ered are low 1 2 3 4 ~ 6 Hindu Khatik Male 14 Female 1 Muslim 1 Pin.1ara Male 11 1 1 Female 2 Pathan Male 1 Female Total Male 26 1 1 Female 1 Tahle !iO Number of householdR hAvfnR RfvAn tip the craft sfncfl Less than !i years due to Work Is There is The mar~ Left the The craft There is not avail lack of in of pro craft is not lack of able regu demand fit has hecause lucrative demand larly and for fttJ;h reduced of old a~e for the the dema ed produ and there finished nd of finish- cts and is no Wide products ed produ the raw demand cts is low material for the and the hecame finished wages off costly products ered are also low 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1· 1 1 2 1 1 1 I /~3 J ! Table I'D Number of households having Riven up the craft since 5-9 years due to There is The wages There is Lack of Shifted to There is lack of offered lack of availability trading as lack of finance 6 are low 6 demann of work the dema demand the craft the raw for the nd for fi- for the has he~- material finished nished finished ··m~ not is very products has reduced products lucrative costly 13 14 in 16 17 18 ... 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 Table 50 Number of households havinR Riven up the craft since 5-9 years due to 10-19 years due to There is lack of The craft is nnt Com pratt vely There is lack of demand for the lucrati ve there is more demand for the finished product mar~in on profit fin:l shed product 1} ra w material in carpat weav became costly inR as compared to this craft 6 hence shifted to carpiJ weavinR 19 20 21 22 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tahle 50 Number of households havinF! piven UP the craft since 1.0-19 years due to 20+ years due to Shifted to The craft is Interested in Margin of The husband a gri cuI tu re not lucrati ve service profit :Is low has .joined as the marg service and in of profit there by the in th:ls craft income has is not good increased there is no use iii . conti _nui~.this . craft 23 24 25 26 ').7 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1. 1 1 · ,~34 ' Tahle lil Households reported reasons for ~ivinR up the craft classified hy sex and educational level of the Head of U1e household Educational level Sex 0 f No.of Number of of the Head of the head house Households p1ven the household of the holds up the craft since house hold Less than fi years due to The work The work :f s not is not n vn t 1- n vn t 1- Able re able re ~ularly ~ularly and the waRes offered are low 1 2 4 I 11 it e ra t e Male A 1 Female 1 Literate (without Male 10 1 Fducational level) Female Primary Male 4 Female Middle Male 2 Female Ma tJ1 cu la t ion Male 2 Secondary Female HiRher Secondary Male _- Female Total Male 26 1 1 Ferna 1 e 1 · .~35 : Tahle 51 Number of Householrls Riven up the craft since Less than 5 years due to Work is There is The mar Left the The cra- There is not ava lack of flin of c ra f t f tis 1 ack 0 f ilable demand profit hecause no t I uc- demand regular for fin has red of old rative for the ly and ished uced and aRe finished the dem products there is products anri of fi the no wide finished raw rna t demand products eria I for the is low became finished and the cos t ly products wages offered a re a I so low 6 7 8 10 11 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Table 51 Number of Households ~iven up the craft since 5-9 years due to There is The There is Lack of Shifted There is 1 a ck 0 f wages I a ck 0 f a va f 1 a to trad 1 ack 0 f finance offered demand bilf.ty in~ as demand and the are Iowa for the of work the dem- for the craft has the raw finished and for finished became material products finished products 6 non lucra is very has redu- the raw tive costly ced material became costly 12 13 14 1fi 16 17 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 Cl)rJA .. · ~37: Table 51 Number of Households RIven up the craft since 5-9 years due to 10-19 years due to The craft There is lack of Comprati vely There is Shifted to is not demand for fini- there is more lack of agriculture lucrative shed products 6 margin of demand as the there are no prof! t in carpet for the maq~in of helpinR hands weavinR as com- finished profit in pared to this products this craft craft 6 hence is not Rood shifted to carpet weavinR 18 19 20 21. 22 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. , .: .. Tahle fi1 Num her of Households Riven lip the craft since ------10~19 years due to 20+ years due to - ,------The crnft is Interested in MarRin of The hushnnrt has 10inect not lucrati ve service profit 1s low service and there by thA income has incre a serl therefore there Is no use in continui nR this craft 23 24 25 26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. Tahle S2 Households reported reasom; for RlvlnR up the craft classlfiert hy sex and occupation of the Head of the Households occupation of the Sex of No.of No.of Households Head of Household the Head house havJn~ ~lven up of the hold the craft since household Less than ~ years due to The work The work is not is not Ava i 1- ava 11- able re able re Rularly ularly and the waRes offered are low 1 2 3 4 !i Biri makin~ M F 1 Casual Labour M 4 1 F Sa Ie Ii Purchase of M 6 Roats F Govt .Service r Lne) M 1 F Carpet making M 1 F Riksha Pu 11 ing M 1 1 F A~r:lcul tural labour M 1 ,.' Bus Conductor M 1 F Cultivation M 1 F Salesman (Cloth) M 1 F .'" (~I; c : Table 52 1 2 3 4 - .5 FloOr Mill M 3 F Cotton ~innlng M 1 F TailorinR M 2 F Rus Driver M 1 F Non-worker M 2 F Total M 26 1 1 F 1 I' ?1. '-1 I ' Table fl2 Number of Households havin~ ~iven up the craft since Less than 5 years due to Work is There is The mar Le f t the The cra There is not ava lack of Rin of cra ft ft is l,J!ck 0 f ilable demand profit b-ecause no:t l~ ~-and regularly for fin has red of old rative for the and the ished uced and aRB finished demand products there is products of fini and the no wide shed pr- raw mAt demand oducts erial for the 1 slow 8 hecame finished the waRes cost ly products offered are also low 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 Tahle n2 6 7 .. ~ 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1. .. 1 1 ..2 1 1 1 2 Table fl? Number of Households havinR Riven up the craft since ------5-9 years due to There is The waSeB There is Lack of Shi f ted There is lack of offered lack of availa to Trad- 1 ack of finance a re low demand bility i nR as demand 6 the and the for the of work the dem for the craft has raw rna t finished and for finished became erial is products finished products non very has &---t-here lucratiw costly reduced fil!:__e no tNlpfnR hands 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 1 1. 1 Table 52 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 Table !l2 Number of Households having Riven up the craft since 5-9 years due to 10-19 years due to ------There is The craft Compara There is Shi fted to lack of is not tively lack 0 f ARricul demand for lucrative there is demand for ture as the the finis more marsin the finished mar~in of hed products of profit in products profit in 6 the raw carpet weav this craft is material in~ as comp not Rood become ared to this costly craft fi hence shifted to carpet weavin~ 18 19 -20 21 22 .. '- 1. 1 1 1 TnhJo fi2 18 19 20 21 22 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table 52 Number of Households having given up the craft since 10-19 years due to 20+ years due to The craft is Interested in MarRin of profit The husband has not lucrati ve service is low Joined service and thereby the income has inc reased therefore is no use of conUnuinR this craft 23 24 25 26 1 1 1 Table 52 23 24 25 26 1 1 1 1 1 Tahle 03 Households reported reasons for Ri vin~ up the craft classified by hroan a~e-lZroup of the Head of the Househol d Broad AlZe-Rroup of Sex of the No.of the Number of householns the hean of the head of household havinR Riven up the hrusehold the craft since househoJ r1 ------Less than fi years due to ------The work The work is not is not avana- availa- hIe rORu- hIe reRu- larly 6 lsrly the waRes offereci are low 1 ? ~ 4 n 0-14 Male Female 15-34 Male 1~ 1 Female ::to-59 Male 11 1. Female 1. ... 60+ Male 2. Female Total Male 26 1 1 Female 1 ; ..~50 ' Table 53 Number of households having Riven up the craft since ------Less than 5 years due to ------The work There is The marR Left the The craft There is is not lack of in of craft is not lack of available demand profit has because lucrative demand regularly for finis reduced 6 of old aRe for the 6 the de hed prod there is finished mand of ucts 6 the no wide products finished raw mate demand products ,r1s} beco- for the is low me costly finished and the products wages offered are low 6, . , ' ..... 7 ... ' , ... ·8· - .. g, , 10 11 1 1 2 1 2 1. 1 2 1 1. 1 2 c..oYii.d. · . ; L!R5 I ' Table 5:i Number of households havinR Riven up the craft since 5-9 years due to ------There is The waRes There is Lack of Shifted to There Is lack of offered lack of availabi trsciinR as lack of finance 6 are low 6 demand lity of the dem demand the craft the raw for the work and for for the has beco- material finished finished finished me non is very products Go('~has products 6 lucrative costly reduced there are no helping hands 12 13 14 1!l 16 17 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1_ ~-1 Table !l3 Number of households havinR Riven up the craft since 5-9 years due to 10-19 years due to There is The craft is Comparati veJy There is Shifted to lack of not lucrsti ve there is lack of dem a Rri cultu re demand for more marRin and for the as the marRin the finfshed of profit fn ffnf.shed of profH tn products a carpet weav products this craft i.s the raw tnR nR comp not Rood mntorlnJ ho nrer! tn thlR corne costly craft n hen- ce shifted to carpet weavinR 18 19 20 21 22 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1. Table 53 Number of households havinR Riven up the craft since 10-19 years due to 20+ years due to The craft is Interested in Margin of The husband has not lucrative service profit is low Joined service 6 there by the , income has inc reased therefore thore is no use in continuinR this craft ------.'2 j -·------i4 ----·--·--·-----2 f,·------·------if;- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table M nistri button (If Households havJnR members with necessary skill to practice the craft anrt reported reasons for not practisin$! the craft classified by Educational Level of the Head of the Household Educational level of the Sex of the Number of Number of Head of the household head of households households the hav1nR no housflhold member/s with nece- ssary ~kill In pr Ice the craft 1 2 ~ 4 Illiterate Mala R 1 Female 1 1 Literate (without educational Male 10 level) Female Primary or Junior Basic Male 4 Female Middle Male 2 Female Ma(...... riculation/Secondary Male 2 1 Female Hi8her Secondary/Intermediate/ Male P re-uni vers! ty Female Total Male 26 __2 Female 1 1 r- ~c.! ;. , , ...... ' Table fi4 Number of households havin~ members with necessary skill to practics the craft but not practicinR the SBme due to Lack of demand Left practicinA WaAes offered The raw material for finished the craft beca- are very low has become products use of old a~e costly and demand for fini shed products has diminished 5 6 7 8 3 1 1 1 7 3 1 1 1 14 1 2 2 ~l., Table !i4 Number of households havinR members with necessary skill to practice. the craft but not practicJnR the Bame due to ------Sufficient work The waRes The craft has The craft has fA not nVAflAblfl offerflcf are low hecome non- become non- and work Is not lucrative lucrati ve and available interested in reRularly service 9 10 11 1.2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 Table - '55 Distrubution of households ha7inq members with necess~ry skill to pract i.ce the ct"-3ft a.nd t'epo(ted r~asons for .nQt__p_r:at::t~·inq the craft classified by reli.gion, caste/tribe/c6mmu~ity of the head of the household Reliqion,Caste/Tribe/Commu~iy Sex of Number Number of house- of the head of household the of J'!Q,~d h~vinq no ht'!lln of hou~e- m~ihp~/~ with Reliqion Cas te/'!' r. ihe/ Community the holo necessary house still to practice hold the craft 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. Khatik 14 2 F 1 1 MURlim 1. Pin ;ara M 11 F 2. Pathan M 1 F Total M 26 2 F 1 I Contd. Contd.Table No. 55 NUfT1~,)j:Io'- of. households halTinq members with necessary ski 11 to pracLic~ the craft but not practicing the same due to Lack of Left Wages The raw Suff- The The The d~rnand pract- offered material icient wages craft craft for icing are has work offe- has has fin is- the very became is rcd bec- .. --become hed craft low costly not are ome non- products becauge and- - avai 1- l.ow =non- ~ucra- of demand ablp and 1uc- tive o lrir1'1e for. work rativp. And fl.n ished is Inter- products not ested h",d CllTail- in riimin- able service ished requ- 1" r1 y 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 8 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Table- 56 Dj.stribution of households ha·.dng members with ner.essary skill to practict the craft and reoorted reasons for not practicing the craft classi. fled ~ occupation of the head of the household Occupation of the Sex of Number of Number of household having head of the household the the no members with necessary head of household sklll to practice the craft the house- hold 1. 2. 3. 4. Bir.i. maki.ng M F 1 1 Casual labour M 4 F Sale & purr.hase M 6 of goat F' Government servi.ce M 1 1 p Carpet: making M 1 F Ri kAh,1w rull i nq M ,.' Agricultural labour M 1 1. F' Bus conductor M 1 F' Cultiilat:inn M 1 F' Sa1.eAmnn(r.loth) M 1 It' Flour Mill M 3 F' Cotton gi.nning M 1 ~ Tai loring M 2 F Bus driver M 1 F' Non-worker M 2 p Tnti'll M ::>6 ? P 1 1 contd. I Cont.d.Table No.56 Number of households hal/l.ng memher/s with necessary skill to practice thE ~!~f~_~~~_~e~_e!~~t!£!~9_~~~_~~~~_~~~_~£ ______ Lar.~ of demand teft oracticing the Wages offereo The raw material has for finished craft be~ause of are very low become costly and dem- produr.ts old age and for finished products has ~iminishE 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 1 1 1 -= 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 2 Contd.Table No.56 Number of households having member/s with necessary skill to practice the ~raf~_~ut_~2~_EE~~~i£i~g_~~!_~~~_~~~_~2 ______Sufficient work The wages offered The craft has The craft has ber.ome is not available are low and work become non-lucr- non-lucrative and is not available ative interested in service regular1.y 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 1 1 1 1 · ~6' q c- ,t C( (.,.."X. o Table - '57 Number of households disinterested in having their sons/daughters sticking to their traditional occu~tion but like to ;have them engaged in occupation of their liking classified by sex and present occupation of the head of the household. ' Occupation of Sex Number Number of households reported that their the head of of of sons/daughters should not stick to the the household ' the house tradit.ional occupatin but should follow the head hold ~~cuE~~i~~_~!_~~ei!_liki~9_du~_to ______of Childrens are free They should engage the to choose orofession themselves in occupa house of their own choice t ion which provide hold regular work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Biri making M F 1 1 Casual Labour M 4 1 F Sale and purchase M 6 2 of goat F Government M 1 1 service(L.D.C.) F Carpet making M 1 1 F Rikshaw oulling M 1 F Agricultural M 1 1 labour F Bus conductor M 1 1 F Cultivation M 1 1 F Salesman(cloth) M 1 F Flour Mill M 3 1 F Cotton ginning M 1 1 F Tailoring M 2 1 F Bus Driver M 1 F' Non-worker M 2 1 F Total M 26 9 3 F I , " ~6 3 :. Contd.Table No. 57 Number of households reported that their sons/daughters should not stick to the traditional occupation but should follow the occupation of their liking ~ue_~~______They should engage They should rather ;oin Since this craft has no themselves in some ~~vernment service after more remained lucrative more respectable ;ob getting themselves they should engage themee educated l'Tes in some more--lucrative occupation 6. 7. 8. 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 Table - 58 Number of households disinterested in having their sons/daughters sticking to their traditional occupation but like to have them engaged in occupation of their liking classified by sex and educational level of the head of the household EducaUonal level Sex Total Number of households reported that of the head of of number their sons/daughters should not stick the household the of to the traditional occuoation but should head of house- follow the occupation of their liking the hold due to house------hold Children are They should engage free to choose themselves in profession of occupation which their own t>rovide regular liking work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Illiterate M 8 1 2 F 1 1 Literate(without M 10 5 educational level) F Primary M 4 1 1 F Middle M 2 1 F - Matriculation/ M 2 1 Secondary F Higher Secondaryl M Intermediate/ F Pre-University Total M 26 9 3 F 1 1 Contd. Contd.Table No. 58 Number of households reoorted that their sons/daughters should not stick to the traditional oc~upation but should follow the occupation of their liking due to They should engage They should rather ioin Sin~e this craft has no themse 1ves in some . Government service after more remained lucrative more respectable iob gett.ing themselves they should engage educated themselves in some more lucrative occupation 6. 7. Q. 1 4 1 4_ -- 1 1 1 1 3 2 9 Table - 59 Number of households disinterest.ed in having their sons/da\l9hters sti.~king to their traditional occupation but like to have them engage in occupation of their liking classified by sex and broad age-qroup of the head of household Broad age-qroup Sex Number HUmber of households reported that their of the head of of of sons/daughters should not stick to the household the house traditional occupation but should follow head hold ~~~_~~~EP~!i~!'_~~_J:.!t~_i.L.Li_~_!1.9.._d_l!!._t:.~ __ _ of house Children are free They should engage hold to choose orofession themselves in of their own liking occupation - whi.ch provide - regular work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0-14 M 15-34 M 13 5 2 35-59 M 11 3 1 F 1 1 60t M 2 1 Total M 26 9 3 F 1 1 __ Contd. Contd.Table No. 59 Number of households reported that their sons/daughters should not stick to the traditional occupation but should follow the occupation of their liking ------due to They should engage They should rather ioin Since this r.raft has no themselves in some Government service after more remained lucrative more respectable ;ob getting themselves they should engage them educated se I ves in some more lucraative occupation 6. 7. 8. 2 1 3 1 I 5 I ' 3 2 9 Table - 60 Household reported reasons for prosperity/adversity of the craft in recent past and given suqgestions to develop the craft classified by religion/castel tribe/commumity of head of the household Religion, Caste/Tribe/ Sex Number Number reporting reasons for prosperity/ Community of the head of of 2~~~E~!~Y_~~_~~~_SE~~~ ______of the household the house Reasons ------head hold Reasons for adversity Religion Caste/Tribe/ of for Community the pros There is There is lack of house perity lack of demand for the hold demand finished products for the and raw material finished is costly products 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Hindu Khatik M 14 10 2 F 1 1 Muslim Pathan M 1 1 F Pin;nrn M 11 r; F Sheikh M F Total M 26 11 8 F I 1 Contd. Contd.Table No. 60 Number reportinq reasons for prospedty /adversi.t.y of the craft ------Reasons for adversity ------There is lack The There is There is The raw Work is Raw material of demand waqes lack of lack of material not is getting for the offe- demand demand is day avai lable costly finished red for the for by day reqularly day by day products are finished finished becoming and and the low products products costlier wages raw material and and the coupled coupled offered is costly raw raw with with are low coupled with mater- material easy tough and the availahi- ial is avail- compet- raw lity is costly ability ation material of cheaper very coupled of is also substitutes costly with cheaper gettinq and high taxes avail- substit- costly on the ability utes day by finished of and day products cheaper touqh sUbstit- compet- utes. at ion 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contd. Contd.Tnhlc No.flO Number of households suggested measures to develop the craft ------Wide demand Wide Wide The Raw Govt.should No specific should be demand demand fini- material provide loan corrments created and should should h d should fClci 1i ty to regular be be s e be crafts men supply of created created & prod ~ supplied and should uc t s cheaper raw at a also '1 may raw 1rk1 t ena. be suhsiseil supely rAW material should be Id rate by material 'ed so should supp l 1 th the Govt. at a be at ra- or subsidised arranqed uqh through rate subsidi. Govt. and rate by fair throuqh higher the govt. agen price fair cies wa~s or shop and price shops shc{ld be through the created fair finished price products shop should also be sold throuqh Govt. agencies 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 1 4 7 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 ] 4 10 5 3 1 2 1 .' ~ 1 I : Tab-le - &1 Households reported reasons for prosperity/adversity of the craft in recent past and given suggestions to deiTelop the craft classified by present occupation of the head of the household Or'C"IIf'1i' t i on n r H 1(1 f,(,x n r l~h(' h('lld of NlJl1ll~r or tho hOIJf'(lhold.!1 hend of the hour-\p.hold the household 1. 2. 3. Bid making M F 1 Casual labour M 4 F Sale and purchase of goats M 6 F Government Service M 1 F Carpet making M 1 F Rikshaw pull ing M 1 F Agricultural labour M 1 F Bus conductor M 1 F Cultivation M 1 F Salesman(Cloth) M 1 F Flour Mill M 3 F Cotton Ginning M 1 F Tailoring M 2 F Bus Driver M 1 F Non-worker M 2 F Total M 26 F 1 Contd. Contd.Table No. 61 Number re~rting reason for prosperity/adversity of the craft Reasons There is There is There is lack of demand The waqes offered for lack of lack of for the finished products are low and raw prosp dcmnnd demand and the raw mrlteri(l1. is material is very erity for the for the costly coupled with costly finished finished availabi l.ity of cheaper products products substitutes and high taxes and raw on the finished products material is costly 4. 5. 6. 7. B. 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 B 1 1 1 , ~'73; Contd.Table No. 61 Number reporting reason for prosperity/adversity of the craft There is lack There is lack The raw Work is not available Raw material of demand for of demand for material regularly and wages is getting the fi.nished the finished is day offered are low and costly day by products I'1nd products hy dllY thE!' rllW mnteriRl is dl1V the raw coupled wi.th becoming abso getting costly material is easy avai1ab- costlier day by day costly coupled i1ity of coupled with availab ~heaper subst-with ility of itutes and tough cheaper tough comp- comp substitutes etition etion 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .: r~ 711 ~ Contd.Table No. 61 Number of households suqqested measures to develop the craft- ;~~~-~~~~~------;~~~--;~~~-~~~~~-~~~~---~~~-~~~-ma~~~i~~-~;~~---~~---- should be de- should be fin- should be supp- should specific created and mand created and ished lied at a subs- provide conments regular supply sho- raw material prod- dised rate by loan of cheaper raw uld should be ucts the Govt •.or faci- mntor."lnl nhol11(1 h,., f111rPl iN1 nt mny throl1qh rnir 1 ity be arranged cre- a sub..CJidised be price shops and to and higher wages ated rate by the sold the finished crafts should be created Government thr- products should men ~nd or throuqh ough also be sold should fair price Govt. through govt. also shop agen- agencies supply des ra',", material at a subsidised rate through fair price shops 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Contd. Contd.Table No. 61 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1 ------1 1 1 1 1 4 10 5 3 1 2 1 , ~7{., ~. Table - 62 Households reported reasons for orosperity/adversity of the craft in recent oast and given suggestions to develop the craft, classifiea by educational level of the head of the household __ ~_ Educational level Sex Num- Reasons Number reoorting reasons for of t:he head of of. ber of E~~~E!~!tyL~~y!~~!ty_~!_t~!_£~~!~ the of pros- t.he household There '['here fR Ther I.s 1ack head house- peritv is lat:'k of of demand of holds t.he la~k demand for. the of for t:he finished house- demand fi.nished product:s and hold for the pr0ducts the raw finished and raw materi.al is products material very costly is very couple wi.t:h costly aifai.lability of r.heaper substi.tutes and ht.qh taxes on the fini.shed products l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Illiterate M 9 3 3 1 F 1 1 Lit:erate(without M 10 6 3 educational level F Primary M 3 2 F Middle M 2 1 F Matriculnl" jon/ M ~ Secondary F Higher Secondary/ M Intermediate/ F Pre-Universi.ty Total M 26 11 8 1 F 1 1 contd. Contd.Taable No. 62 for prosperity/adversity of the ~raft ------Number reporting reasons Thp. Thpr.p. Thera tA The rnw Work tA not. Rnw IMter.illll wages is lack of material available is getting offered lack demand is day regularly and costly day are low of for the by day wages offered by day and raw finis- finished becoming are low and material hed products costlier the raw is very produ- and coupled mat.erial is costly cta coupled with a 1so gett i.nq and with easy tough costly day the all'aila- comoet- by day raw bUityof ation material cheaper is substit- cost:ly utes and coupled tough with competition availa- bility of cheaoer substi- tutu 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 contd. :. Cont.Table No.62 Wir'le Wide Wine The Raw Govt. No demand de:n rlemanrl fini mo'lteria1 ~hould speci should ann should shed should provide fic bl? crea ~hould be pron he lo"~n cI,mm ted ann be created ucts supolie:3 facility ents regular createt:l. and raw may a~ '" sub to supply of. material be s'rtisec1 crafts cheaper should sold rate and man raw material hp. thr hy the and should be supolied ough Govt.or should arranged at a, Govt. t;hrouqh also and higher sub(dised agen fair supply waq~s shG.uld rate by Ctp.s price r;:!w be created the GOiTt. shop an~ matet:' or the lal through fini.shed at a fai r product.s subs price should dised ~hop also be rate sold throtlr:th through fair Govt. price r.HH~ncie5 shop 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1 5 2 1. -1 3 1 1. 1 1 1 1 3 10 3 1 2 1 • Table- 63 Households reported reasons for orosperity/adversity of the craft in recent past and given suggestions to develop the craft in recent past and given stiqqestions to develop the ~raft, classified by broad age-group of head of the household Broad age Sex Number Number reporting reasons for prosperity/adversity group of of of of the craft the head head house------~-~------Reason ______~~~~~_!~E_~~Y~E~!~Y ______of the of hold for household the 'T'here is There is There is lack of house .... r;>fos- lack lack of r;>erity demand for the hold of demand finished products demand for the and the raw material for the finished is costly coupled finished products with availability products and raw of cheaper substi- material tutes and high taxes is costly l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 0-14 M F 15-34 M 13 6 3 F 35-59 M 11 4 4 1 F 1 1 60~ M /. 1 1 p Total M ],6 11 B 1 F 1 1 Contd. .' (.~ SO ,! Contd.Table No. 63 Number reporting reasons for prosperity/adversity of the craft ------______~~~~2~_~2~_~~Y~~~!~y______The There is There is The Work is Raw material wages lack of lack of raw not is getting offered demand demand material available costly day are low for the for the is dny regularly by day and raw finished finished by day and wages matedal produf'!ts products becoming offered is very and the r.oupled costlier are low costly raw with coupled and the material easy with raw is costly avail- tough material coupled abil ity compet- is also with of ation getting availab- r.:heaoer ,,=ostly ility substi- day by of tutes and day cheaper tough substi- compet- tutes ition 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contd. Contd.Table No. 63 Number of households suggested measures to develoD the craft ------______~~99~~~~~_~~~~~E~~ ______---______Wide demand Wide Wide The Raw Govt.. No no should demand demand fin- material should specif- be should should ished should orovide iC.'toRm- creat@13 be be produ~ts be supp- lnan ents and ct"'eated r.reated may be lied at faciJ ity reqular and raw sold a subsi- to crafts supply of material through dised men and cheaper should Govt. rate by should raw be agenc:i.es the also material supplied GOllt.or supply should be at: through raw material arranged subsidised fair at a and higher rates bv price subsidised wages the Govt. shop and rate should be or. through finished through created fair products fair orir.e should pd ce shops shops also be sold through GaiTt: • agencies 14. 11). 16. 17. 18. 19. ~O. - --- 1 1 4 3 1. 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 10 3 1 2 1 PAAT -III: PHOTOGRAPHS . . . . ~ ..'; ~ . '. "'", ...... :. . . . o " 0 o 00 . 0:"': . -. .. :V- 0 0 '_'_ -.: ._ :" . . :o o ~- o O-.e 0- o $- 0 _: 00. -: ... . ~ " .- o 0 0 .00... . 0- .0 . •. :. . : ..~ : " . . : "' .. .o. .; 0 ...... -_ ~ PALANG POSH - ARTISTIC NAMDA - THE TASSELS HAVE BEEN MADE WITHOUT THE STICKING PROCESS WALL HANGING ON DISPLAY GINNING IN PRCX:;RESS . FELTING OF NAMDA PATCHING WORK IN PROGRESS