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Driving Into Prehistory: Our Tour of Amazing Places $3.95 EXCAVATING THE HUNLEY • BATTLEFIELD ARCHAEOLOGY EMERGES american archaeologySUMMER 2001 american archaeologyVol. 5 No. 2 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Driving into Prehistory: Our Tour of Amazing Places $3.95 american archaeology a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 5 No. 2 summer 2001 COVER FEATURE 31 DRIVING INTO PREHISTORY BY TAMAR STIEBER We take you on a tour of unforgettable Southwestern archaeological sites. 12 INSIDE THE H. L. HUNLEY BY ANDREA COOPER The famous Civil War submarine is undergoing a historic excavation. 19 ARCHAEOLOGY GOES TO WAR BY ANITA STRATOS A small group of battlefield archaeologists is investigating some of America’s most important wars. 24 A CITY SEARCHES FOR ITS ROOTS BY MICHAEL BAWAYA An excavation helps Tucson define its past. 38 new acquisition: HOWIRI PUEBLO SAVED 2 Lay of the Land The site links the prehistoric people of Chaco 3 Letters Canyon with modern Tewa-speaking pueblos. 5 Events 40 new acquisition: ARIZONA COMPANY DONATES SITE 7 In the News This prehistoric agricultural complex demonstrates Paleo-Indian Site Found in Virginia • the Hohokam’s ingenuity. Oldest Maya Sweat House Discovered in Belize • 41 new acquisition: Conference Studies CONSERVANCY OBTAINS EASEMENT Mississippian Symbolism PROTECTING PETROGLYPHS The site is famous for its variety of images. 44 Field Notes 46 Expeditions 42 point acquisition: SAVING ALATE MISSISSIPPIAN TOWN 48 Reviews The Parchman Place site may help researchers answer questions about the Mississippians. COVER: Spider Rock at sunset in Canyon de Chelly National Monument. 43 point acquisition: Spider Rock towers 800 feet above the canyon floor. A RARE AGRICULTURAL SITE photograph by William Stone Prehistoric garden beds are saved from destruction. american archaeology 1 Lay of the Land Telling the Whole Story When we consider the looting of ar- portant part of the whole story. When about the importance of these small chaeological sites, we usually think of hobbyists and collectors, or just unin- items that are often moved without grave robbers seeking elaborate burial formed tourists, collect or move these malice. Every artifact has a story to tell. goods such as Mimbres pots or Hope- items, the story is distorted. well effigy pipes—items that bring The same is true of prehistoric thousands of dollars on the black mar- Indian ruins. Small pottery sherds ket. We seldom think of less dramatic often cover the sites, and visitors love artifacts such as Civil War bullets or to collect them (often leaving them metal arrow points from the Indian behind in a neat pile). But even the wars. But as our article “Archaeology plainest sherd contains unique infor- Goes to War” amply illustrates, these mation, and by mapping them in situ items are of immense scientific impor- archaeologists are able to tell the age POORE tance. Archaeologists are now plotting and function of different parts of the the location of every bullet, every ar- site. Moving or collecting the sherds D A R R E N rowhead, every cartridge, in order to skews the sample and contaminates recreate the battle. Even the smallest, the scientists’ research. seemingly insignificant item is an im- We need to educate everybody MARK MICHEL, President origin. ethnic or MORE THAN JUST A TOUR... , nationality THE CROW CANYON EXPERIENCE. , color LET CROW CANYON BE YOUR GUIDE FORA ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION PROGRAMS race, WEEKLY: JUNE THROUGH SEPTEMBER UNIQUE AND INTIMATE ADVENTURE any of THROUGH TIME. ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST: A COURSE FOREDUCATORS JULY 29-AUGUST 4, 2001 applicants EXPERIENCE THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND to CULTURESOF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST MONUMENT VALLEY ON HORSEBACK open OCTOBER 4-9, 2001 are AND THE WORLD WITH RENOWNED AND ENGAGING SCHOLARS IN AWAY THE CASUAL NAVAJO SKIES & STAR CEILINGS: practices ASTRONOMY & COSMOLOGY IN DINÉ CULTURE TOURIST CAN NOT . OCTOBER 13-19, 2001 admission and programs s CCAC’ CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER 23390 ROAD K CORTEZ, COLORADO 81321 (800) 422-8975 WWW.CROWCANYON.ORG 2 summer • 2001 Letters Credit Where Credit Is Due I would like to suggest that, wherever I read with interest John Graves’s possible and appropriate, your articles Editor’s Corner letter in the Spring issue, which mention where site collections are The City of Tucson, Arizona is involved questioned why the Texas Historical curated in order to raise awareness in a very ambitious undertaking. Commission did not credit Glen that archaeology is not just about dig- Our feature “A City Searches For Its Evans for first discovering the Fort St. ging. I would also encourage you to Roots,” tells of Tucson’s Rio Nuevo Louis site in “La Salle, La Belle, and consider including articles on the Project, a downtown redevelopment the Lone Star State” (Fall 2000 issue). curation process and issues. The site of such broad scope that it’s expected In fact, Herbert Bolton is credit- protection process which the to take 10 years and $320 million ed with first locating the site in the Conservancy so successfully accom- to complete. 1920s; however, he had no solid plishes in effect provides in situ cura- One of the most striking aspects archaeological proof. Evans under- tion of unexcavated material for the of the Rio Nuevo Project is its inten- took excavations at the site in 1950 benefit of future generations, and I tion to connect the city’s future to its and Kathleen Gilmore worked there wholeheartedly support that work! past. Archaeology is an important tool in the early 1970s, but the quantity James Royle, Jr. in establishing this connection. The of French artifacts recovered from the San Diego, California Rio Nuevo Archaeological Project is site was insufficient to prove its iden- revealing the city’s rich historic and tity. The materials could have been Deciphering Maya Hieroglyphs prehistoric past, which stretches obtained through trade between the I was deeply intrigued by the Can- back several thousand years. It’s esti- Spanish and the French. The Texas cuen article in your Winter 2000- mated that approximately $2 million of the project’s budget will be spent Historical Commission’s 1996 recov- 2001 issue. It is amazing how many on archaeology. ery of the eight iron cannons, which new sites are being found in Central It’s encouraging to see how suc- were buried by the Spanish when America. It was remarkable how cessful the city has been in engaging they found the French fort in 1689, Arthur Demarest was prompted to the public in this archaeological conclusively proved the site to be Fort explore the site due to the translation project. Several thousand people St. Louis, corroborating what Bolton, of hieroglyphs at the Dos Pelas site. have visited site and expressed Evans, and Gilmore had long argued. I believe that deciphering more their approval of the work. James Bruseth, Director, and more of the Maya hieroglyphs The residents of Tucson are Archaeology Division, will reveal more secrets about the learning about their predecessors— Texas Historical Commission, Maya’s disappearance. Have any of the Early Agricultural people, the Austin, Texas the archaeologists developed any the- Hohokam, the Pima, the Spanish— ories on whether Cancuen was pri- and in the process they’re learning The Importance of Curation marily a trade center or did it have about themselves. I am a longtime supporter of The strong ties with any other dynasties? Archaeological Conservancy and a Craig Southern regular reader of American Arch- Fayetteville, Arkansas Michael Bawaya, Editor aeology, and I want to thank you for the fine magazine. As immediate past-president Sending Letters to American Archaeology of the San Diego Archaeological American Archaeology welcomes your letters. Write to us at 5301 Central Avenue NE, Center, I am keenly aware of the need Suite 402, Albuquerque, NM 87108-1517, or send us e-mail at [email protected]. to educate the general public and We reserve the right to edit and publish letters in the magazine’s Letters department as space permits. Please include your name, address, and telephone number with all agencies about the need to properly correspondence, including e-mail messages. curate archaeological collections. american archaeology 3 WELCOME TO ® THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL 5301 Central Avenue NE, Suite 402 CONSERVANCY! Albuquerque, NM 87108-1517 • (505) 266-1540 www.americanarchaeology.org he Archaeological Conservancy is the only national non-profit organization that identifies, Board of Directors acquires, and preserves the most Earl Gadbery, Pennsylvania, CHAIRMAN significant archaeological sites in the Olds Anderson, Michigan • Cecil F. Antone, Arizona • Janet Creighton, Washington t Christopher B. Donnan, California • Janet EtsHokin, Illinois • Jerry EtsHokin, Illinois United States. Since its beginning in W. James Judge, Colorado • Jay T. Last, California 1980, the Conservancy has preserved James B. Richardson, Pennsylvania • Peter O. A. Solbert, New York more than 210 sites across the nation, Rosamond Stanton, New Mexico • Vincas Steponaitis, North Carolina ranging in age from the earliest habita- Dee Ann Story, Texas • Stewart L. Udall, New Mexico tion sites in North America to a 19th- Conservancy Staff century frontier army post. We are build- Mark Michel, President • Tione Joseph, Office Manager ing a national system of archaeological Erika Olsson, Membership Director • Shelley Smith, Membership Assistant preserves to ensure the survival of our Martha Mulvany, Special Projects Director • Yvonne Woolfolk, Administrative Assistant irreplaceable cultural heritage. Heather Wooddell, Administrative Assistant Why Save Archaeological Sites? The Regional Offices and Directors ancient people of North America left Jim Walker, Southwest Region (505) 266-1540 virtually no written records of their 5301 Central Avenue NE, Suite 402 • Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108-1517 cultures. Clues that might someday Paul Gardner, Midwest Region (614) 267-1100 solve the mysteries of prehistoric 295 Acton Road • Columbus, Ohio 43214-3305 America are still missing, and when a ruin is destroyed by looters, or Alan Gruber, Southeast Region (770) 975-4344 leveled for a shopping center, 5997 Cedar Crest Road • Acworth, Georgia 30101 precious information is lost.
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