15270 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CONGRESSMAN TONY P. HALL Tax Act of 1978. In its proposed regu­ mercially available to take advantage INTRODUCES BILL TO CLARIFY lations, the IRS decided to set an arbi­ of geothermal sources with a tempera­ GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TAX trary temperature requirement for eli­ ture below that set by the IRS. We are CREDITS gibility for the geothermal tax credits. not talking about some untested I was among those who testified energy source that will take years to HON. TONY P. HALL against this temperature requirement develop and then put on the market. at an IRS public hearing in Washing­ The equipment is there right now-we OF OHIO ton on September 12, 1979. only need to make it attractive and ec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Unfortunately, the IRS did not onomical to use. Thursday, July 9, 1981 follow the recommendations that were Energy from groundwater can be ex­ e Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, made in opposition to a temperature tracted through the use of currently today I am introducing a bill to clarify requirement. In August 1980, the IRS marketed heat pumps, which operate the definition of geothermal energy issued final regulations concerning according to the same basic principles for tax credit purposes. I am pleased geothermal residential energy tax at work in a refrigerator. The pump that my colleague, Congressman DoN credits, and in January 1981, issued systems permit the temperature of the H. CLAUSEN, of California, is joining final regulations concerning geother­ shallow geothermal water to be either with me as the other original sponsor mal commercial facility tax credits. raised or lowered for heating or cool­ of this legislation. For both sets of credits, the IRS re­ ing purposes. Our bill basically contains three quired the geothermal source to have Using groundwater, a heat pump parts. The first would amend the defi­ a temperature of more than 50° C. system heats three to five times as ef­ nition of geothermal in the Energy This means that citizens who installed ficiently as a fossil-fuel system, in Tax Act of 1978 to make it explicit geothermal systems that tap sources terms of heat output per unit of that there is no temperature require­ with a temperature below 50° C, would energy put in. Although the heat ment for the geothermal tax credit for not qualify for the tax credits. pump is operated by electricity, the residences and commercial facilities. The Department of Energy and de­ actual heating or cooling energy in a The second part would specify how velopers and users of geothermal geothermal system is free and virtual­ energy have been opposed to the tem­ ly unlimited. the credit is to be determined when a perature limitation since the IRS reg­ residence or business has a system According to the National Water ulations were proposed over 2 years Well Association, a groundwater heat which uses both geothermal energy ago. Most of the potential geothermal and another source not eligible for the pump system can pay for itself in 2 to energy use in the eastern half of the 4 years, if a well is already in place. credit. The final part of the bill makes United States would involve resources it clear that the definition adjust­ Even if a well must be drilled, the with a temperature of less than 50° C. system will pay for itself in 4 to 8 ments run with the life of the energy The IRS limitation has the effect of tax credits themselves, meaning that eliminating a significant portion of the years. The National Water Well Asso­ the changes would have a retroactive geothermal resources of the country. ciation further states that it is not effect and would expire when the The Miami Valley of Ohio is incred­ aware of any groundwater heat pump credits themselves expire. ibly rich with underground rivers that system that has ever stopped run­ The Energy Tax Act of 1978 provid­ make it an ideal place to utilize geo­ ning-even after more than 25 years of ed for a tax credit of $2,200 of the first thermal energy. These streams, which service. $10,000 spent for the installation of run below the Great Miami, the Still­ Those of us who have been interest­ residential solar, wind, and geothermal water, and the Mad Rivers, all con­ ed in promoting the more widespread energy equipment. A provision of the verge on the center of Dayton, provid­ application of geothermal energy had Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act ing a nearly unlimited energy source hoped that the IRS might be persuad­ raised the maximum credit to $4,000 for downtown buildings. Unlike the ed to change its position on the tem­ or 40 percent of the first $10,000 of eli­ aquifers in some areas, Dayton's un­ perature requirement for the geother­ gible energy equipment. The Energy derground rivers are easy to tap be­ mal tax credits. The IRS has contin­ Tax Act also provided for a 10-percent cause they are not blocked by bedrock. ued to hold the view that a minimum tax credit for investment in solar, In addition, they are located at rela­ temperature rule is necessary in order wind, and geothermal energy equip­ tively shallow depths of 50 to 100 feet. to assure that energy from a geother­ ment used by businesses. The 50° C. temperature requirement mal source means energy derived from For tax purposes, the Energy Tax does not reflect congressional intent underground sources and not just heat Act of 1978 defined geothermal energy or scientific fact. Geothermal energy associated with atmospheric tempera­ in the following way: is the natural heat of the Earth. The ture. In the opinion of the IRS, heat The term "geothermal deposit" means a heat in water, soil, or rock close to the from low-temperature groundwater is geothermal reservoir consisting of natural surface of the Earth is derived from solar heat, and not eligible for the geo­ heat which is stored in rocks or in an aque­ both solar and geothermal energy. thermal tax credit. Since it is now un­ ous liquid or vapor

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15271 Geothermal energy systems often in­ to a hydrothermal source of any tem­ percent supplied by geothermal energy <5> of system designed to be 100 percent geo­ gy. We should make it attractive for such Code is amended by striking out thermal on the few coldest days of the more homes and businesses to take ad­ "energy derived from the geothermal depos­ year would add too much to system vantage of the geothermal resources its" and inserting in lieu thereof "geother­ cost to be attractive. of this Nation. Truly, the ground on mal energy". Geothermal resources in many in­ which we stand holds part of the solu­ (3) Clause of section 48(1)(3)(A) of stances may not be hot enough to tion to our energy problems. such Code is amended by striking out "energy derived from a geothermal deposit" fully satisfy a particular industrial The gentleman from California and and inserting in lieu thereof "geothermal process requirement, but by adding a I urge our colleagues to cosponsor this energy". few degrees to the heat from geother­ bipartisan bill and to join with us in <4> Clause (ii) of section 57(a)(ll)(D) of mal energy, it will often be possible to encouraging the House Ways and such Code is amended to read as follows: replace a large fraction of the oil or Means Committee to act favorably on "(ii) all geothermal properties." gas use in a plant or other facility. it. (5) Subsection of section 263 of such Further, many industrial processes in­ For the benefit of our colleagues, Code is amended by striking out "any geo­ volve several steps at different tem­ the full text of the bill follows: thermal deposit" and inserting in lieu there­ peratures. Some of these steps can use H.R.- of "geothermal energy". (6) Subparagraph of section 465(c)(l) geothermal heat, but others might re­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of of such Code is amended by striking out quire superheating. Under the IRS Representatives of the United States of "geothermal deposits" and inserting in lieu limitation, if such a system involved America in Congress assembled, thereof "geothermal energy". even a minimum addition of nongeo­ SECTION 1. CLARIFICATION OF DEFINITION OF <7> Paragraph (1) of section 613 of such thermal heat, the entire system would GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. Code is amended by striking out "geother­ become ineligible for the tax credit. In GENERAL RuLE.-Paragraph (3) of sec­ mal deposit" and inserting in lieu thereof effect, the IRS limitation encourages tion 613 of the Internal Revenue Code of "geothermal well". less efficient designs to take advantage 1954 is (8) Subsection of section 613 of such of the tax credit. Certainly, this result amended to read as follows: Code is amended- "(3) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEFINED.-For by striking out "deposits" each place it is contrary to the intent of Congress purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'geo­ appears in paragraph (1 > and inserting in in the Energy Tax Act of 1978. thermal energy' means the natural heat of lieu thereof "properties", and In order to help rectify this problem, the earth which is (B) by striking out "DEPOSITS" in the sub­ our bill specifies how the credit is to stored in rocks, an aqueous liquid or vapor section heading and inserting in lieu thereof be determined when a residence or of section 614 of such geothermal energy and another source no case be treated as a gas well for purposes Code is amended- not eligible for credit. Under the bill, of this section or section 613A, and this sec­ by striking out "geothermal deposits" all of the equipment comprising the tion shall not apply to any geothermal prop­ in the text and inserting in lieu thereof erty which is located outside the United "geothermal wells'', and · system shall be eligible for the credit States or its possessions." (B) by striking out "GEOTHERMAL DEPOSITS" if, on a Btu basis, geothermal energy (b) CLARIFICATION OF APPLICATION OF BUSI­ in the subsection heading and inserting in provides more than 80 percent of the NESS CREDIT AND RESIDENTIAL CREDIT TO lieu thereof "GEOTHERMAL WELLS". ' energy in a typical year for which the GEOTHERMAL PROPERTY.- (10) Paragraph (1) of section 614(c) of system is designed. If less than 80 per­ (1) Subparagraph of section 44C<7> such Code is amended by striking out "oil cent of the energy is supplied by geo­ of such Code is amended by adding at the and gas wells and geothermal deposits" each end thereof the following: "In the case of a place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof thermal energy, the credit shall apply system which uses both geothermal energy to those portions of the system which "oil, gas, and geothermal wells". and an energy source not eligible for the (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.-Any amendment produce, distribute or use energy credit under this section, all of the equip­ made by this section shall take effect as if it which is more than 50 percent sup­ ment comprising the system shall be eligible had been included in the provisions of the plied by geothermal energy on an for the credit if, on a BTU basis, geothermal Energy Tax Act of 1978 to which such annual Btu basis. energy provides more than 80 percent of the amendment relates.e It is important to emphasize that energy in a typical year for which the our bill does not create any new tax system is designed. If less than 80 percent of credits. It does not increase any the energy is supplied by geothermal COMMEMORATION OF SAINT energy, the credit shall apply to those por­ SAVA DAY present tax credits. What it does, in­ tions of the system which produce, distrib­ stead, is make clear what the current ute, or use energy which is more than 50 law 1is and overturn the arbitrary re­ percent supplied by geothermal energy (on HON. JAMES L. NELLIGAN strictions imposed by the IRS. The ob­ an annual BTU basis)." OF PENNSYLVANIA (2) Paragraph (3) of section 48(1) of such jective of the technical corrections IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made by this bill is to make the Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph: Thursday, July 9, 1981 present credits effective. "(D) APPLICATION OF CREDIT TO EQUIPMENT This legislation was drafted with the WHICH USES BOTH GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AND e Mr. NELLIGAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise technical cooperation and assistance ANOTHER ENERGY SOURCE.-In the case of a to commemorate Saint Sava Day, June of the Department of Energy, which system which uses both geothermal energy 28, which honors the founder of the has publicly expressed its opposition and an energy source not eligible for the Serbian Orthodox Church. Originally to the IRS geothermal tax credit regu­ credit under this section, all of the equip­ of noble ancestry, Sava migrated to lations. The Ohio Department of ment comprising the system shall be eligible Greece where he became a monk in Energy also has taken the position for the credit if, on a BTU basis, geothermal the Eastern Orthodox Church. He that any Federal energy tax credits of energy provides more than 80 percent of the later returned to Serbia to become the energy in a typical year for which the this type should be applicable to all system is designed. If less than 80 percent of superior of the monastery of Studen­ geothermal or hydrothermal sources the energy is supplied by geothermal itsa, which was the center of the regardless of their temperatures. The energy, the credit shall apply to those por­ emerging Serbian Orthodox Church. State of Ohio already has on the tions of the system which produce, distrib­ Saint Sava countered Serbian King books a tax credit which is applicable ute, or use energy which is more than 50 Stephen Il's support of Roman Ca- 15272 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 tholicism and eventually, in 1219, suc­ Time was running out. The phone rang. It Their volume of production would impress ceeded in establishing the independent was Bill Pitts from the office of House GOP any factory supervisor. CBO estimates it leader Robert H. Michel MEMORIAL TO GENERAL could see there were tears in his eyes, and it travel costs from an Atlanta base is MIHAILOVICH wasn't until many years later has vehicle for the exchange of students, profes­ are estimated to total some $2 billion annu­ trained over 2,500 Latin American and Car­ sors and researchers between the United ally-at least four times U.S. investments in ibbean professors in U.S. graduate programs States and the rest of the world, has, since this area overall. Cuban teachers and advi­ since 1966. Roughly half the cost of these 1946, sent 45,000 Americans to foreign coun­ sors continue to inundate selected Third exchanges has been covered from non-U.S. tries and brought 85,000 foreign students, World nations, yet in 1977 one-third fewer government sources. teachers and scholars to the United States. opportunities were granted to young Afri­ The exchange activities of the Experi­ A recent international crisis offers an ex­ cans to pursue their studies in the United ment in International Living, which include ample of the utility of federal support for States than were available to them in 1968. international language and technical studies exchanges. When the Soviet Union invaded We sent only seven doctoral candidates to in addition to well known homestay pro­ Afghanistan, Washington sought the guid­ Africa last year, three to Nigeria. In that grams, touched the lives of nearly a million ance of those with first-hand knowledge of year, only 1,800 Africans studied in the people in 40 nations in 1980. It was able the area. Almost without exception the United States under U.S. sponsorship. The through modest ICA support to launch sig­ Americans with any direct experience in Soviet figure was 24,000. In Latin America, nificant new cooperative ventures with the South Middle Asia were alumni of federally the U.S.S.R. offered 4,650 study and train­ General Federation of Women's Clubs, funded exchange programs. Yet the num­ ing exchanges in 1978 while the United United Nations Association, Girl Scouts, bers of exchanges which build such exper­ States Government offered far fewer than Camp Fire, and Boy Scouts of America in­ tise have been in decline for more than a one-tenth that number in a hemisphere so volving hundreds of thousands of dollars of decade so that, in real terms, the U.S. ex­ close, so troubled, and so important to our contributed voluntary time and resources. change program today is operating at only socio-economic goals and strategic thinking. More than three decades ago, in the ab­ 60 percent of the 1965 level. Other federal Clearly, we are not offering scholarships sence of any national procedure for admit­ programs containing substantial educational to poor and middle class students on a scale ting, advising and assisting foreign students exchange components, have also declined in even marginally comparable to that of the coming to the United States, university fac­ recent years in relation to growing needs. Soviet Bloc. As a 1977 report of the House ulty and administrators began to band to­ Among these are the international educa­ Committee on International Relations con­ gether voluntarily to develop professional tion research and exchanges activities of cluded: "Significantly, in Soviet-Third know-how in this new field. Today 4,000 aca­ the Department of Education, the Peace World cultural relations the Soviet leader­ demic institutional and individual profes­ Corps, the Agency for International Devel­ ship appears to have placed its greatest sionals serving foreign students are mem­ opment, the National Science Foundation hopes for ultimate success in the academic bers of the National Association For For­ and the National Endowments. exchange programs." eign Student Affairs. Cultural and informational programs of American ambassadors continue to oppose The Prime Minister of Japan announced USICA total less than 0.05 percent of the the nearly 50 percent decline over the past in May of 1981 a commitment to Youth For U.S. federal budget. Should we really be sur- decade in invitations to emerging world Understanding for $250,000 per year in 15278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 scholarships for 100 U.S. high school stu­ by others as to our purposes and improve secure more of them, than it would be in dents selected annually under the sponsor­ the accuracy of U.S. perceptions of reality nursing hostile bitterness about its deficien­ ship of U.S. Senators for summer homestays abroad. cies and faults. in Japan. The Japanese government contri­ By increasing its modest investment in bution to Youth For Understanding is about ence abroad and extend American compe­ The meaning of America is not to be twice as large as the U.S. government con­ tence in world affairs. We must invest our found in a life without toil. Freedom is not tribution through USICA. energies, talents and resources to assure a only bought with a great price; it is main­ The Council on International Educational level of influence and measure of respect tained by unremitting effort. Exchange and its member universi­ commensurate with our actual power. This ties and organizations send more than 5,000 is the path of responsibility as well as pru­ students to study abroad each year, with dence. Americans have always met such • • more than 90 percent of the funding from challenges.• The world has had enough of the curse of other than federal sources. Minimal federal hatred and selfishness, of destruction and assistance would enable the U.S. to increase war. It has had enough of the wrong use of these basic programs tenfold. COOLIDGE QUOTES material power. For the healing of the na­ Despite this heavy private sector and for­ tions there must be good will and charity, eign support (approaching $100 million), HON. JAMES M. COLLINS confidence and peace. The time has come more generous government funding is essen­ OF TEXAS for a more practical use of moral power, and tial to assure: more reliance on the principle that right That the most essential strategic and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES makes its own might. scholarly exchanges are supported; Thursday, July 9, 1981 That a national standard for the conduct of exchanges is set; e Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speak­ • • • That national coordination and leadership er, President Ronald Reagan has Industry, thrift, and self-control are not is provided for program planning and devel­ brought Calvin Coolidge back to the sought because they create wealth, but be­ opment; and forefront. As we celebrated the Fourth cause they create character. That the level of exchanges increases in of July, we were also celebrating the line with the national interest. anniversary of Calvin Coolidge's birth­ • • • CONCLUSION: EXPORTING AMERICAN IDEAS day. The erosion of government support for ex­ Marvin Stone dedicated the editor's Prosperity is only an instrument to be change opportunities and our inability to page of the U.S. News & World Report used, not a deity to be worshiped. build upon earlier long-standing and effec­ to reviewing famous quotations from tive investments in exchanges is decidedly not in the national interest of the United President Calvin Coolidge. • • • • States. The neglect of exchanges reinforces He did not mention the one which People criticize me for harping on the ob­ the view abroad that America wants to always appealed to me the most. It vious. Perhaps someday I'll write an article obtain the natural resources of others and seems that at a big dinner party a on The Importance of the Obvious. If all consume them with abandon, without shar­ bubbly matron approached Calvin the folks in the United States would do the ing one of its own natural resources-its Coolidge and said, "I bet someone that few simple things they know they ought to educational system- with other peoples I could get you to say three words." To do, most of our big problems would take eager to learn and to improve the lot of which he replied, "You lose." care of themselves.• their often beleaguered countries. Let us quote some of the famous In an age of complex global negotiations, instant communication and nuclear confron­ statements from Marvin Stone's page CARTHAGINIANS AT CBS tation, America needs every means available on "The Good Sense of 'Silent Cal.' " to it to build a secure future. USICA's pro­ Remember Coolidge in a better light. He grams and related international educational was a man who understood his countrymen. HON. JACK FIELDS efforts have never been more vital to the He suffered few illusions. Some may poke OF TEXAS national interest, in assuring "brainpower" fun at the conventional caricature of Coo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as well as firepower. These programs repre­ lidge, but it takes only a sampling of his sent vital instrumentalities with which to statements to recognize his good sense. The Thursday, July 9, 1981 create a world more amenable to American following is from the record: •Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker, often we values and national security. It has always seemed to me that common­ Concretely, the International Educational sense is the real solvent for the nation's hear and read of comparisons drawn Exchange Liaison Group urges significantly problems at all times-commonsense and between the United States and ancient increased appropriation of these critical fed­ hard work. Rome, comparisons selected to warn eral programs: us against following the same paths The International Communication • • • and committing the same errors which Agency, especially the educational and cul­ would lead ultimately to national de­ tural affairs sector. Americans have not fully realized their cline and fall. The training program of the Agency for ideals. There are imperfections. But the International Development which prepares ideal is right. It is everlastingly right. What Today, Mr. Speaker, I propose to foreign technicians, managers and educa­ our country needs is the moral power to you and our colleagues another histor­ tors. hold to it. ical comparison: the United States and In addition other federally supported pro­ ancient Carthage. grams contain important exchange and citi­ • • In the third century B.C., Carthage zen education elements: Title VI of the controlled a vast commercial empire Higher Education Act administered by the The business of America is business. and was the richest of Mediterranean Department of Education and various inter­ national programs of the National Science cities. The Carthaginian army was Foundation and the Arts and Humanities • • • • substantial, and the Carthaginian Endowment. These programs should be sus­ There is no dignity quite so impressive, navy was without question the most tained so that they assist and encourage pri­ and no independence quite so important, as powerful of its time. vate sector efforts. The ultimate objective living within your means. Following the Second Punic war of U.S. policies in the world-military, eco­ with the Roman Empire, Carthage nomic, cultural and political-are increased still maintained much of its own freedom, security and peace. Well conceived, empire and vital commerce. However, funded and conducted educational and cul­ The only way I know to drive out evil tural exchanges will not assure these goals, from the country is by the constructive a shortsighted and corrupt govern­ but they can do much to create the condi­ method of filling it with good. The country ment increased the tax burden upon tions of understanding on which they is better off tranquilly considering its bless­ its people, and embezzled part of it to depend. Exchanges reduce miscalculations ings and merits, and earnestly striving to boot. At that point, the popular party July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15279 called upon the great leader, Hanni­ war, fighting for their land and liberty Cronkite as "a leading officer in the Soviet bal, to come out of his retirement and street by street, Carthage fell to Army for almost 40 years" and as affiliated save the empire. Roman conquest. The population was with Soviet military intelligence. In 196 B.C., Hannibal was elected to reduced by 89 percent; survivors were DANGEROUS THINKING lead the Carthaginians, and he imme­ sold as slaves; the city was pillaged Cronkite asked Gen. Millstein, "What if diately shocked the establishment by, and then completely destroyed, burn­ the United States decided that a limited nu­ among other reforms, reducing taxes ing for 17 days; the soil was plowed clear war was not unthinkable?" on the citizens and reigning in govern­ and sown with salt. Millstein replied: "There is a great propa­ ment expenditures. These policies so Mr. Speaker, the lesson in all this is ganda about the possibility of a first strike enraged the ruling oligarchy that they that we should be especially wary of against land-based missiles. In the United secretly conspired with Rome to have those in America today who counsel States, they say that the Soviet Union is Hannibal deposed and forced to drink our people that the Soviet Union poses planning such a first strike. Well, that's all no real threat; that our military estab­ just a very dangerous way of military think­ poison. ing, because they are trying to persuade Given the current debate surround­ lishment is evil; that our national de­ people that a nuclear war is possible. No, a ing our Government's taxing and fense expenditures rob the poor and nuclear war is impossible!" spending policies, these historical strain the Treasury without cause; Cronkite then asked, "But isn't it true events conjure up their own sense of that we should unilaterally disarm or that through the last few years the Soviet deja vu. However, Mr. Speaker, my engage in so-called treaties that result Union has been developing these missiles at main focus centers around what was in our effectual disarmament vis-a-vis a much faster rate than the United States?" happening to the Carthaginian nation­ the Soviet Union. I assure you, Mr. Millstein: "My answer is categorically not. al defenses at this time. Speaker, the Soviet Union is more im­ The United States had in the beginning Po­ The leadership and opinion makers perialistic than ancient Rome, and is laris A-1, then Polaris A-2, then Polaris A-3 of Carthage had neglected all war­ bent on nothing short of complete WALTER CRONKITE MAKES SOVIET The men that Cronkite interviewed on the suls demanded that the population of air were masters of this art. Carthage should retire to 1O miles DISINFORMATION A CINCH from the city, which was then to be Dan Rather ends the series asking harshly condemning the United States for these rhetorical questions: "All of us, as the overthrow of Chile's Communist presi­ [From Human Events, July 4, 19811 Americans, want our defenses to be strong dent. Salvador Allende. The ad, complete CBS DEFENDS U.S.S.R. MILITARY BUILDUP and secure .... But will we make ourselves with the screaming headline, "Santiago: The broad consensus in the defense com­ stronger by unquestioning faith in new The Streets Are Red With Blood," appealed munity here at home is that the United weapons technology? Will our European Al­ to Congress "to use every means at its dis­ States is in grave danger of facing over­ liance be strengthened by a strategy that posal" to repudiate the government replac­ whelming Soviet nuclear and conventional might force us to destroy Europe in order to ing Allende and called for an investigation superiority in the 1980s. In almost every save it? Will we increase our national securi­ of charges "of U.S. involvement in the conceivable category of relevant military ty by insisting there is a way to fight a lim­ coup." Ed Bradley, Dr. Geiger also belongs to a variety of of Economic Priorities, a New York-based adding: "Now we're about to spend billions left-liberal disarmament organizations and disarmament organization, has just pub­ of dollars on NATO, even though a long- has an article pointing to the urgency of lished a book called "The Iron Triangle," term war in Europe is unlikely ...." American disarmament in the June-July which basically suggests that U.S. industry Are the Soviets much of a threat? "Since issue of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, is fobbing off hugely expensive weaponry 1960," says Walter Cronkite soothingly, which constantly runs articles justifying upon the government. Interestingly enough, "Soviet influence around the world has de­ Soviet belligerency as a product of the the book is being distributed by the far-left clined" and "if their [the Soviets'] percep- West's diplomacy. Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15281 D.C., and Richard Barnet, a mainstay of WELCOME NEW AMERICANS that markets Cronkite, who narrated most of the fifth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about a third of the baby formula sold in and final segment, not only permitted Thursday, July 9, 1981 Asia, Africa and Latin America. The charge: Soviet officials to pour out their anti-Ameri­ that use of the formula causes 1 million canisms unchallenged, but clearly accepted • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speak­ infant deaths a year in the Third World. their premise that the U.S. has developed a er, it is with particular pleasure that I That is, of course, hogwash. The infant congratulate 24 residents of Mary­ formulas, which are used extensively in the threatening military posture. United States, are not responsible for a Cronkite's interview with the Soviets was land's Second Congressional District who have chosen to become American single death. When such deaths occur-and about as tough as if he were interviewing they do occur-the cause inevitably is the his Aunt Suzy. He asked a Gen. Milstein, a citizens, accepting all of the responsi­ mother's improper dilution of the formula, member of Soviet military intelligence, if bilities that freedom and citizenship the use of polluted water or the failure to nuclear war is thinkable "No, nuclear war is entail. I hope that my colleagues will sterilize bottles. impossible," responded the general. But join me in welcoming these new Amer­ No one would argue that breast-feeding, haven't the Soviets "been developing these icans: when the mother is healthy, is the cheap­ missiles at a much faster rate than the Woo Song, Jin Song, Guen Bock, est, healthiest and most emotionally satisfy­ United States?" queried Cronkite. Milstein: Eun Kang, In Kang, Hung Tran, ing method of infant nutrition. Unfortu­ "Categorically, my answer is categorically Antoan Vu, Abdul Waheed, Edward nately, not all Third World mothers are not." The U.S. is at fault, said Milstein-and Gorin, Kim Pang, Rashida Awan, Mo­ healthy, or able and willing to breast-feed Cronkite refused to pursue the matter, re­ hammad Awan, Alexander Bergmann, their children. fused to rebut him in any way. Julia Wen, Suk Ahn, Olga Pais, Man TRADITIONAL SUBSTITUTES Cronkite, in fact, made it clear that he Wu, Jacqueline Fraer, Martine Rober­ When this is the case, the woman denied embraced the Soviet view that our military son, Chandrasekharan Nair, Alfredo access to nutritionally balanced baby-food posture looks terribly threatening to Soviet Pennese, Mercy Paranilam, Jacob formulas obviously will use traditional sub­ survival. In talking about his interview with stitutes such as gruel, sugar-water or Brezhnev's speechwriter to CBS' Charles Blekher, and N ela Blekher·• mashed fruits, foods that are lacking in nu­ Kuralt on June 18, Cronkite said: tritional value and hard to digest. Since "CHle tells you how they look upon our such substitute invariably are mixed with COURAGEOUS VOTE the same polluted water, it is difficult to see arming and you realize that they see it as how the rate of infant mortality is reduced. totally hostile. They see it as totally aggres­ The code passed recently by WHO, with sive. They see it as intending war against HON. ROBERT McCLORY OF ILLINOIS the U.S. casting the sole dissenting vote, the Soviet Union, planning war against the rests on the incorrect assumption that mar­ Soviet Union." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES keting practices are the primary cause of And Cronkite further justifies the vast Thursday, July 9, 1981 the decline of breast-feeding in the underde­ Soviet military expansion over the past Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the veloped world. decade by saying, "When you put the West­ e There is not a scintilla of evidence to sup­ ern European and Chinese strength against recent vote by the United States in op­ port this thesis, and more than a little to their strength, They're surrounded-just position to the World Health Organi­ contradict it. their strength and the Warsaw Pact zation's code on the marketing of In the U.S. for instance, where baby for­ strength, we far outnumber them. And all infant formula was a courageous stand mulas are heavily advertised, there has been they're trying to do is get parity." and one which could be the beginning a dramatic increase in breast-feeding over So wrongheaded was the CBS film that of solutions to this compelling prob­ the past decade; in the Soviet Union, where John Fisher, president of the American Se­ lem of infant malnutrition. An excel­ there is no advertising, use of baby formula lent article by Smith Hempstone ap­ has been equally dramatically on the up­ curity Council, held a press conference last swing. WHO's own 1975-77 survey of 23,000 week in which he and such military experts peared in yesterday's Washington Star mothers in nine disparate countries showed as Lt. Gen. Daniel Graham, the former pointing to the important fact that so­ no causal link between breast-feeding deci­ head of the Defense Intelligence Agency, lutions are needed to this problem; not sions and marketing practices. made a point-by-point rebuttal to the CBS complaints, grievances or restrictions. A cynic might observe that, since the film, some of which has been recounted Castigating the manufacturers of WHO vote was only a recommendation, here. infant formula may attract popular ac­ many nations that have not the slightest in­ In a seven-page letter to William Leonard, claim-but it does not even refer to tention of enforcing it voted for it, not to president of CBS News, Fisher stressed, the problems of polluted water, unsan­ save the lives of children but to indict multi­ "According to the National Association of itary living abodes, and other condi­ national corporations, and to avoid admit­ Broadcasters, 'The keystone of the Fairness ting the existence of primitive and unsani­ Doctrine and of the public interest is the tions that contribute to infant illness­ tary conditions in their own countries. right of the public to be informed-to have es and mortality. What is needed is But how to explain last month's votes in presented to it the "conflicting view of more enlightenment. the U.S. Senate and House? public importance.'" Mr. Speaker, I submit Mr. Hemp­ "CORRECT" SIDE OF THE ISSUE "The reason for this is that democracy stone's article for the RECORD in sup­ Rep. Larry McDonald, a Georgia Demo­ can't work if its citizens are poorly in­ port of the U.S. position on this impor­ crat who is a medical doctor, suggests that formed. So to meet ybur obligations under tant issue: many of his colleagues "didn't have the fog­ the Fairness Doctrine, and to make it a fair [From the Washington Star July 8, 1981] giest idea what they were voting on ... but debate, we ask that you give at least one ALL THIS BREAST-BEATING ABOUT INFANT simply wanted to be perceived ... as being hour to the pro-defense, do-more-than-we­ FORMULA on the 'correct' side of this issue." are proponents. And we ask you to devote at McDonald, who calls the WHO code . $5,380 Vladimir Bukovsky to the Korean Dissident, Kim Dae Jung. benefits, but to confirm rights. White House, to tell of the suffering of Regrettably, in recent months, this nation This Administration says we must re­ people in the Soviet Union who only seek to has begun to slip back in its commitment to trench, fight inflation, and make our econo­ worship God and express their humanity. I human rights. my more productive again. And there isn't a confronted South African leaders in Vienna, The people an administration appoints to single person here who does not hope that in an effort to make a dent in Apartheid. senior positions says a lot about its stand on they succeed-because if they succeed, And I represented the United States at the the issues. Yet appointments in human America succeeds. Geneva Conference on the Boat people­ rights are carrying the clear message that But there will be a true success only if we and saw the heartbreak and tragedy of the U.S. government no longer believes that remember who we are, if we remember what these dispossessed individuals. We were de­ the human dimension of policy is impor­ we have already achieved in the long fight termined that there would be no repetition tant-and repressive governments have for equality of opportunity, justice, toler­ of the Evian Conference of 40 years before, taken heart. ance-and a society and a government of which turned its back on European Jews­ No sooner did a great man of courage and true compassion and concern. These must and I thank God we succeeded. conscience-Jacobo Timerman-speak vivid­ be human rights, not expedient gifts of the I only regret that, four decades earlier, ly of the torture and killing in Argentina, moment. when our country was confronted by the than the United States again embraced the Inflation is not our only concern. Today, emerging reality of Hitler's Holocaust, we leaders of that country. What conceivable America's strength and position in the did not respond, as we have to the refugee reason could there be? It can't be strategic world are also under challenge. Soviet crisis in Indochina, with the kind of sus "nterests. It can't be economic interests. It power is real-and faces us not just in direct tained commitment and humanitarian initi­ can't be anything that would justify ignor­ confrontation, but also in far-flung areas of ative that could have saved thousands and ing this brutal repression. the world. We need to modernize our armed maybe millions of Jews whose lives where But not everyone has forgotten. This forces. We need support from friends and lost in the concentration camps and gas week, a Senate committee considered the allies in meeting threats to peace and in chambers of Nazi-occupied Europe. nomination of a man to be in charge of helping to resolve conflicts. And we need a As I learned in government, there are human rights policy. It was a sad hearing, strong economy if we are to be effective those who argue that we should play down full of justifications for indifference. Then a abroad as well as prosperous at home. moral issues and objectives, because "securi­ man appeared out of the crowd ... a man Yet as we act to renew American ty" is too important. They insist that we who truly understood the meaning of strength-military, ·economic-we might ne­ focus unashamedly on our interests alone. human rights. "A silent diplomacy is si­ glect a third factor, on which rests so much Others would have us serve moral ends in lence," he said, "A quiet diplomacy is sur­ of America's effectiveness and which indeed crusades, even if we become blind · to the render." His name was Jacobo Timerman is basic to our purpose in the world: The practical consequences for our nation's in­ and he was greeted with thunderous ap­ human dimension of our foreign policy. terests an<;l well-being. plause. And this Nation joins in applauding In our history, we have sought to be pow­ I believe we must try to reconcile these that giant of a man. erful: not to create an empire, but to pro­ two approaches. In fact, doing so is particu­ At the United Nations, we have often mote peace. larly American and a source of our national stood alone-when the issue was too impor­ We have entered into alliance with other strength. Perhaps more than any other tant morally for us to join the rest. Yet this nations: not to make them satellites of quality, this ability and willingness to blend week the United States again stood alone­ American interests, but to enable them to the practical with principle, to synthesize not in defense of a moral issue but in defi­ share the benefits of freedom and independ­ our interests and moral concerns, has placed ance of the world's conscience. We voted ence. us at the forefront of history. alone in the world to oppose restraints on We have shared our economic abundance Safeguarding both our interests and our efforts to lead women in developing coun­ with others: Not to pervert the course of values often requires active and creative di- tries away from healthy breast-feeding to 15294 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 dependence on milk-substitutes that, im­ Our deep commitment to social justice­ tary of the Interior. Watt has stoked the properly used, risk infection and stunted our commitment to give opportunity to the fury of the militant environmentalists by growth. A commercial interest prevailed poor and disadvantaged, to care for the old, pledging to relax strict federal limits on ex­ over a human concern shared by the rest of to end discrimination, to safeguard the ploration and development of mineral re­ the world. family-this is the rock upon which is sources on federal lands, particularly in the During the last 10 years, the United founded our nation's true security. And I Western states and Alaska. This fury is States also took a strong stand against for one will not stand idly by when this most recently expressed in threats on racism and the last vestig.es of colonial re­ lesson is forgotten-and I know that you Watt's life by nature-loving fanatics. Re­ pression. Yet only a few months after we will join me. cently it was revealed by Dr. William worked out a path to peace and justice in I had no prouder moment as Vice Presi­ Dresher, in a speech to the United States Zimbabwe, this country has begun showing dent than when I met with the leaders of Industrial Council's Annual Meeting at Sea uncritical sympathy for South Africa. Nigeria-just after they had adopted a con­ Island, Ga., that Watt now receives Secret And some administration spokesmen now stitution-a federal constitution closely pat­ Service protection. say that there is a difference between right­ terned on our own. The power of example is But Dr. Dresher also had some good news. wing authoritarianism and left-wing totali­ the greatest power we have. The real He reported to the USIC, a nationwide orga­ tarianism, and that we must tolerate the strength of America lies in continuing to nization of conservative businessmen, that a terror of the one; but must condemn that of stand for what we are. Cabinet-level Council on Natural Resources the other. Conscience can never take a holiday­ and the Environment has been formed, in In the organization of their economies, however deep the crisis. Several years ago, order to establish a national minerals there is a difference. In the pretexts they Pastor Martin Niemoller wrote the follow­ policy. In this connection, Rep. James San­ give for repression, there is a difference. ing, after the dark night of the human soul tini, CD-Nev.>, the leader in the domestic But between the army· colonel who tortures we call the Holocaust: minerals development fight, is sponsoring a Jacobo Timerman, and the Central Commit­ First the Nazis went after the Jews, but I bill called the National Minerals Security tee which tortures Anatoly Shcharansky, was not a Jew, so I did not object. Act, which will implement the Minerals and there is not one iota of moral difference. Then they went after the Catholics, but I Mining Policy Act of 1970, pending for Torture is torture, and terror is terror. was not a Catholic, so I did not object. eleven years. And whether it occurs in Cuba, Russia, Viet­ They then went after the trade unionists, The NMSA will amend tax laws to assist nam, Argentina, Chile, or El Salvador, we in but I was not a trade unionist, so I did not the mining industry in making investments America should oppose it, condemn it, and object. in minerals exploration and development, do our best to stop it. Then they came after me, and there was and allow the Secretary of the Interior to How soon we forget. The basic lesson of no one left to object. increase the availability of the withdrawn our experience in struggling to promote The highest calling of today's graduates is public lands. It will require the Secretary of human rights is that the advance of our to join ranks with the generations of Ameri­ the Interior to inventory domestic supplies own moral concerns for humanity, democra­ cans who have heeded that message-a and accessibility of strategic minerals. The cy, freedom, and justice is profoundly in our nation united for humanity. Let it be Department is examining the possibility of national interest. It is a strategic advantage known: If the enemies of freedom and jus­ opening large areas of wilderness lands to as we contest for support from the develop­ tice come for one of us first, they must come mineral exploration by asking for a 20-year ing world and leadership of our alliances. for all of us. extension of the Wilderness Act, which cur­ Israel is an embodiment of our own com­ Thank you.e rently permits mineral exploration and loca­ mitment to freedom and democracy. There tion of mining claims only until 1983. are dozens of countries which have long ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES With this, a word about the environment. since extinguished democracy on the gounds As in all political, non-moral questions, the that the threat to their security does not key word is balance. Environmentalists who permit them the luxury of freedom. Yet HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN are convinced that Secretary Watt is out to Israel, through four wars and continuing OF TENNESSEE rape the mountainsides and befoul the challenges-not simply to its security but to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rivers forget that he is from Colorado, and its very survival-has remained steadfast in thus knows all about natural beauty, the its commitment to the principle of pluralism Thursday, July 9, 1981 limits of growth, and the consequences of and the lessons of liberty on which our own •Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, those over-development and indifference to the country was founded. of us in public life do not keep our environment. But he is demanding balance, In the face of a growing Soviet threat to jobs very long if we do not learn quick­ a concession the Sierra Clubs and the whole the Middle East, there can be no doubt that ly to listen to all sides of an issue array of anti-development extremists are Israel is a significant strategic asset. But let unwilling to make. For the past decade they us never forget that if human rights means before rushing to judgment. Input held a vise grip on public lands policy. As a anything at all, it means that we should from a variety of perspectives is result, America's dependence on unstable nurture and support the one country which, always helpful in estimating the per­ foreign sources of important minerals is more than any other in that vitally impor­ formance of a program, a group, or an growing, even as our dependence on foreign tant region, shares our own principles and individual. A major newspaper in my sources of important minerals is growing, purposes. district, the Johnson City Press­ even as our dependence on foreign oil once It is no accident that we are principally Chronicle recently aired one such per­ grew, without regard for the larger ques­ allied with democracies and that our basic spective on environmental questions tions of the nation's security, and indeed, its adversary is totalitarian. It is no accident comfort. The answer is balance. Secretary that every day we pursue our values, we and the need for a balanced view in Watt is trying to restore it.e become stronger in our dealings with other addressing such controversies. In the nations; and that every day the Soviet interest of widening the range of views Union shows its contempt for human presented this body, I am submitting REVITALIZING AMERICA'S values-in Afghanistan, in Poland, or in for the consideration of my colleagues RAILROADS Moscow itself-it telegraphs its moral and the views of Edward J. Walsh of the political bankruptcy to countries it seeks to U.S. Industrial Council, as they ap­ HON. HENRY S. REUSS influence. in A world of tyranny would threaten our se­ peared recently the Johnson City OF WISCONSIN curity. A world where pluralism predomi­ Press-Chronicle. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES nates, where there is freedom of religion, Thursday, July 9, 1981 where democracy prevails would not be a Among the positive signs that Congress world without conflict, but it would be a and the Reagan administration are genuine­ •Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, On June world safer for Americans. ly interested in rebuilding the American 25, 1981, I introduced H.R. 4028, the We have seen enough in this century to economy is the increased attention being Rail Passenger Systems Act of 1981, know that our greatest strength at home is given to limiting the heretofore near-limit­ aimed at creating in the United States our love for the values embedded in our less influence to the extremist environmen­ Constitution and Bill of Rights and reli­ tal movement in the United States. high-speed rail passenger systems gious beliefs-and that our greatest attrac­ The centerpiece of this new sanity regard­ equal to or better than those of the tion abroad is the beacon those values cast ing the environment was the nomination other industrialized nations. I want to into a world darkened by turbulence and op­ and approval of James Watt, a self-con­ place in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD pression. fessed non-hiker and non-canoeist as Secre- excerpts from an excellent article, July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15295 which appeared in the July 1981 Traf­ services and to destroy the rail guideway Italy-Nov. 22, 1980.) With American rail­ fic Quarterly, on the existing system • • •. roads this is the dilemma, the physical, fun­ The degradation of the nationwide guide­ damental engineering, and operational issue incompatibility between U.S. rail way infrastructure was brought about by of separating higher speed passenger train freight and passenger service. The ar­ excessive axle weight and the resulting slow operations from heavy, low-speed freight ticle, by L. Fletcher Prouty, outlines speed. This, in turn, required the conversion operations. There are several other factors, the impediments to high-speed passen­ to a "flat track" geometric design that such as the prevalence of short sidings; the ger rail service in the United States, sealed the fate of the passenger train busi­ necessity to make up long freight trains on which H.R. 4028 is designed to remove. ness and the death, with one exception, of main-line track; the space consuming inter­ Excerpts from the article follow: the car manufacturing industry. Even ference of high frequency, low-speed freight before the car manufacturers closed their trains; inadequate signalling and other oper­ TRANSPORTATION AT THE CROSSROADS doors the essential subcomponent support­ ational and safety controls; and the tremen­ CL. Fletcher Prouty) ing manufacturers had to leave the busi­ dous number of grade crossings and speed The ship of transportation sails on a sea ness. All of this happened, right at the time restrictions attributable to grade crossings. of petroleum and the tide is running out. the automobile, truck, and jet aircraft were These are not the fundamental issues, albeit Today's transportation modes are depend­ reaching their prime on new highways and they are important. ent on portable liquid fuel. Railroads can new airports. As a result, the public and our Failure by the railroads to order new pas­ use electricity, but for the most part they government officials over-reacted in favor of senger rolling stock rendered the coup-de­ have not installed electrical systems. Petro­ the motor vehicle and the new aircraft. grace to passenger services, killing the car leum fuel substitutes still appear to be years The challenge to the Americans railroads manufacturing industry; its supporting sub­ away, shackled by a many-sided problem of is very great. They must respond. They component suppliers and all research and cost, quantity production, environmental must join their talents to create a new gen­ development in the passenger car rolling protection, and questions of policy. eration of railroads to ready the transporta­ stock field. With this silent and unseen This is a time for review, for total reap­ tion field to meet the demands of the stroke, whether the ICC approved or not, praisal and for realignment of the transpor­ future. The railroads are in place; they the passenger business was assuredly tation structure. Because of rapidly growing serve 45,000 communities nationwide; their doomed to die. Amtrak lives on a life-sup­ transport demand and inadequate funding, improvement will require little or no addi­ port system with a slender chance in a ter­ this Nation's streets, highways, and bridges tional space; they are the most energy effi­ minal case. are under-repaired and frequently over con­ cient movers of passengers and freight; and their operation into and out of city centers At the same time, the railroads pushed gested. Airports and airways are over-crowd­ ahead with brute strength and heavy bank­ ed and there will not be any relief in the brings social and economic vitality to the community. rolls in a generation-long attempt to force form of new airports for larger metropolitan the residual "heavy-long-slow" freight areas before the year 2000, if then. Freight system to work. By the late 1970s the rail trains chug along at an average speed of 20 • industry began to realize they were strug­ mph and suffer more than 8,000 derail­ gling in a sea of quicksand. They were buck­ ments per year while the rail passenger HEAVY CARS, LONG TRAINS, AND SLOW SPEEDS ing the immutable laws of physics, and system is suffering a near fatal illness. The Shortly after World War II, when the rail­ these problems had their roots in the earli­ costs of maintaining the existing system of roads had been overworked and under-main­ est days of the industry. transportation is spiraling to record heights, tained; a gradual evolution began toward an and a growing share of these staggering operational system designed for the heavy costs will fall on the general taxpayer-and freight car, the very long freight train, and • • not on user sources. In short, "We are slow speed operations. These developments facing a transportation crisis in this country in rolling stock and in operational methods THE TRACK PROBLEM just around the corner." dictated changes in the track structure. The The absolute interdependence of all rail­ Some of transportation's problems can be track had to be flattened by reducing the roads on each other, with no central control solved by reapportioning the modal balance. amount of cant or superelevation in curves. mechanism or discipline, has made it impos­ This is a more important factor. The au­ This change made it impossible to run pas­ sible for superior railroads acting alone to thoritative National Transportation Policy senger trains on their former time-table put into practice things they know are es­ Study Commission has said that by the year schedules because they had to slow down sential to their common welfare. Further­ 2000 "national domestic person miles of for flattened curves, making train speed less more, as locomotive power and train equip­ travel . . . will increase 81 to 96 percent" reliable, fuel consumption higher, and pas­ ment strength, such as draw bars, increased and "national domestic freight ton miles sengers more uncomfortable. Thus, passen­ it became possible to run much heavier and will increase ... from 165 to 314 percent." gers were discouraged from using trains just longer trains. Longer and heavier trains did These massive increases, in so short a time, at a time when alternative travel modes initially reduce operating costs, and gross are simply not going to be able to be put on were gaining in acceptance. ton miles per train-mile became a near top of the present highway congestion and Labor and market forces, similar to those sacred measure of operating efficiency on top of existing airport and airway over­ that caused the heavy car /long evolution in along with gross ton miles per train-hour crowding. There is little, or no more space the United States, were at work in other in­ and average number of cars per train. These to increase these structures and we are dustrialized nations, but in most instances heavy trains could not be operated at the having serious financial problems with the their railroad managements did not suc­ former, i.e. passenger train era track design high cost of maintaining what we have now. cumb to the heavy car /long train illusion of speed. Thus, they destroyed the system for The answer to this grievous situation lies in improvement. In Japan for example, all fac­ passenger service and eventually brought the restructuring of the present balance of tors were taken into consideration: socioeco­ about the degradation of the freight train transportation; and the railroads have the nomic, national development, and engineer­ system too. As a result, today the entire in­ capacity to accept major increases in both ing feasibilities among others. The result frastructure, the total system, has deterio­ passenger and freight movement. was that they decided to construct an en­ rated. This essential restructuring needs to begin tirely new railroad system for higher-speed In other countries, where they have a in the railroad industry, as railroads have passenger service, instead of attempting to single management, they run shorter, light­ tremendous potential for moving passengers operate faster passenger trains on the exist­ er, and faster freight trains. For example, and freight efficiently and safely-more so ing system with freight trains. That key de­ freight trains in France run regularly at 60 than any other mode. And, they are not cision, since followed by the French and, to mph and often faster. French passenger necessarily dependent on petroleum or some degree, by the British, Germans, and trains are operating at speeds up to 125 mph other liquid fuel. Italians, led to the development of the most • • • and doing it on track laid 100 years But the interdependent railroads are their successful railroad system in the world. As a ago • • •. The heavier cars and longer own problem. American railroads suffer bonus, the decision to go ahead with the freight trains used in the United States, from serious technological deficiencies. First Shinkansen "Bullet" trains has been benefi­ coupled with a flattened track design, will of all, they have failed to take advantage of cial to the Japanese freight services also be­ not permit high speed operations for either electric traction. Second, their railways are cause the high-speed passenger services do freight or passenger service. In addition, the not designed, constructed, operated, and not interfere with freight operations, and lower speed, heavier weighted train causes maintained for the speed regime that is es­ vice versa. unmanageable rail and rolling stock mainte­ sential for operational and financial effi­ High speed passenger train operation is nance problems, as well as higher costs. ciency. And third, heavy cars, long trains, not compatible with operation of heavy ton­ and slow speed all work against each other nage and high capacity freight cars on the to produce very high costs with inferior same track. in transportation outlays to the year passenger trains to slow down. They ran on track to establish this speed capability 2000 there are compelling reasons for the late and uncomfortable and inevitably for higher speed passenger trains and to transfer of a very modest amount of these brought about the conditions that destroyed make it smoother and safer, there must be a enormous funds to railroad improvement. the business. At the same time super-high­ safe-guard stipulation that freight trains This country has never been famous for ways and jet aircraft came on the scene. may use it, passenger train frequency per­ being second best. It is time that the rail­ There was no way to have it both ways. mittin, only if they (1) maintain sufficient roads, as well as the other modes of trans­ But this is only one of the very serious speed at all times to stay within the permis­ portation began cooperating to assure that and .costly problems created by heavy sible high speed design envelope, and (2) this nation's transportation system is never freight cars. Each wheel on heavy freight contain no cars that weigh when loaded, again less than the best. cars does immediate damage to the steel more than an approved maximum weight The new generation of railroads can be railhead with every single passage of each such as 80 to 85 tons. The speed stipulation one of faster freight operations given light­ car in every train and this damage is accu­ would bring about a lower limit on the er cars and shorter trains; and one of faster mulative and permanent, resulting in the length of the freight trains-so that they passenger services, given dedicated corridors necessity to replace the wheel-sets and rail would be able to run faster (55 to 60 mph and dual purpose long-distance route seg­ early. Early replacement of both raises costs minimum). ments designed for mutually beneficial opti­ exponentially! Passenger trains as catalyst mum speeds. All main-line rail operations It is essential to begin improving passen­ should eventually be under electric power, • • • • • ger service immediately, particularly in and when all is done, the American system heavily populated corridors, to reduce the of private railroads will have been reindus­ Plastic flow

79-059 0-84-8 (Pt. 12) 15302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 biomedical sciences. They underlie such a technology play a key role in providing us Resolved, the Michigan Council of Senior large segment of our economic and social with this strength, and I will work to see Citizens, Inc., joins the millions of citizens, well-being, indeed of well-being on a global that we excel in this. nationwide, in opposing the Reagan Admin­ scale, that as a nation we could ill-afford to If we can maintain peace through such istration's butchering of all social programs, do less-and will certainly benefit by doing strength, we also buy the time to use science be it further more. and technology to improve the condition of Resolved, That we of the Michigan Coun­ As I indicated, an area of related impor­ mankind throughout the world. And this is cil of Senior Citizens, Inc., shall make every tance is agriculture. When one stops to the path to lasting peace-a peace based on effort possible to bring to the attention of think about it, it's amazing how much we the fulfillment of human needs, on dignity, those elected officials the needs and re­ take for granted the enormous productivity self respect, mutual respect, and on confi­ quirements of senior citizens, the handi­ of this sector of our society. Food and agri­ dence in a better future. This is an ideal capped and the poor, be it further culture comprise our largest industry. It ac­ worth striving for, and I believe this coun­ Resolved, The "mandate" if in deed there counts for 20 percent of our GNP and pro­ try is prepared to do just that. was one, it was to reduce unemployment, vides employment for 20 percent of our ci­ I've enjoyed this occasion to meet with reduce inflation, reduce high interest rates vilian work force. In addition to supplying you. I know it's only the first of many we'll and to curb the enormous profits of the oil our own need, American farmers today have to get together, and to work together. and natural gas industries and the blank supply 60 percent of the grain and 75 per­ I look forward to them. I'm sure they will be checks to the military, be it further cent of the soybeans in world trade, and 70 productive. Together we can accomplish Resolved, Our elected officials shall be percent of the food aid to food deficient na­ much toward strengthening our country's held, individually accountable for their re­ tions around the world. Last year our agri­ science and technology. Together we can see spective actions and votes on all Reagan Ad­ cultural exports exceeded $40 billion, pro­ that they serve the best interest of this ministration budget proposals, tampering ducing a trade surplus of $23 billion and off­ nation and of people of good will every­ with Medicare and Social Security, all social setting about 43 percent of the deficit of the where. That is both an enormous challenge program cuts, oil and natural gas deregula­ nonagricultural sectors. and a great opportunity. What more can a tion and the monumental military expendi­ Of course we can credit our abundant Science Adviser ask for? tures for weapons and particularly-the arable land and temperate climate for much Thank you.e huge "cost over runs" be it further of this success. But not to be over-looked is Resolved, That the entire membership of this country's historic interest and success the Michigan Council of Senior Citizens, in agricultural sciences and technology. RESOLUTION-REWARDS FOR Inc., do hereby pledge themselves to give This has been an investment of incredible THE ELECTED and work for the removal from office all pay-off. However, we must recognize that it those elected officials, who by their actions is an investment that must continue to meet and vote prove themselves our enemies, be it ever changing conditions and demand. In HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD finally today's harvests we are reaping the success­ OF MICHIGAN Resolved, That the Michigan Council of es of scientific and technological advances IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senior Citizens, Inc., do all in it's power to made many years ago. New pressures on our enlist the members of the National Council land and water resources call for new ideas Thursday, July 9, 1981 of Senior Citizens, Inc., to encourage all and techniques for conserving these and e Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I Seniors to join in this effort of rewarding maintaining their productivity. Much excit­ wish to share with my colleagues the our friends and the punishment of our en­ ing and challenging agricultural R&D is un­ emies.e derway today related to fertilization, pest resolution, "Rewards for the Elected," control, energy use, multiple cropping, ge­ which was recently adopted by the netic improvements of plants and livestock Michigan Council of Senior Citizens. DECLARATION OF TALLOIRES and environmental concerns, such as erosion This resolution expresses the council's and salinity. We must forge ahead with this intention to hold Members individual­ work, and with our efforts in international ly accountable for their votes on the HON. DANTE 8. FASCELL cooperation in agricultural R&D, to build a administration's budget cuts and legis­ OF FLORIDA solid base for world food security in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years and decades to come. lation affecting the elderly in the future, especially the administration's Thursday, July 9, 1981 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION proposed social security cuts and the I believe that international cooperation in deregulation of natural gas. e Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, a science and technology will be an item high recent meeting of journalists at Tal­ on our agenda. I don't feel I have to dwell The administration was successful in loires, France, pointed out the grave on this with this audience. Scientific and having its budget considered as a seriousness of a movement which is of technological exchange remains a most vital whole, in an obvious effort by Mem­ concern to Western governments, jour­ link among nations, one that affects almost bers to avoid taking individual respon­ nalists, and advocates of a free press every aspect of our lives. sibility for the harm that will be In addition to the careful attention we caused by particular cuts. I am pleased throughout the world. It is the at­ must pay to the exchange of scientific infor­ that the Michigan Council of Senior tempt by Soviet bloc nations and mation and technology transfer,· we must many Third World governments to recognize the growing importance of col­ Citizens has seen through this ploy, control the free flow of information, laborative R&D in large-scale, costly scien­ and I urge my colleagues to consider its collection, dissemination, and its tific technological ventures. Today this in­ the point of view expressed in this res­ content. The forum for this debate is cludes such areas as high energy physics olution: one which receives funding from the (particularly the next generation of accel­ RESOLUTION-REWARDS FOR THE ELECTED United States and other Western na­ erators>. fusion, some space activities, and Whereas, many of the Reagan Adminis­ global environmental and oceans research. tions whose very roots of freedom are tration's proposals will inflict devastating under attack. This forum is the United I also look forward to working with China results and uncountable tragic hardships on in our cooperative efforts to assist that and for many senior citizens, the handi­ Nations Educational, Scientific, and nation in its modernization program, and to capped and the poor in Michigan and in the Cultural Organization, the largest spe­ reviewing our binational and international whole country, and cialized agency of the U .N. system. programs involving the developing world. Whereas, some of Michigan's elected offi­ Since the early 1970's, this debate Exciting and challenging opportunities cials, both in the State and in Washington, has been gathering steam. Many less abound in these areas. D.C., are blindly supporting the Reagan Ad­ industrialized nations feel that the NATIONAL SECURITY AND WORLD PEACE ministration's programs because, of the Ad­ large, Western-based press agencies Let me conclude with a coinment on na­ ministration's "claimed,'' "mandate" from distort Third World news, give pessi­ tional security. Much has already been writ­ the country's electorate, and mistic reports of Third World progress ten about my associations and interests in Whereas, many state officials and some of this matter. Much of it is true. I do believe those serving in Washington, D.C., have for­ and government programs, and con~ that our country's military might should be gotten they were elected by Michigan voters centrate more on negative reporting, second to none-that this is essential today and not the oil and natural gas industries, than on positive developments. In ad­ to world peace and to the survival of the the banking and other big businesses, there­ dition, many feel that their cultural free world. I also believe that science and fore be it identity is lost beneath the crush of July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15303 news from the industrialized world George Beebe was one of the prime creation of a so-called New World Informa­ and the spread of Western culture movers at Talloires, sponsor and fund tion Order which is as yet undefined. through the various media. They are various projects to aid worldwide com­ In response the free world media decided crying out for a greater measure of munications development. to take the initiative and to announce the control, development of their indige­ Though such initiatives are to be en­ principles to which a free press subscribes. nous media, a method to use the To accomplish this a Voice of Freedom couraged, they must be administered conference attended by media leaders from media to tell their own story, to meas­ through an IPDC which concentrates five continents was arranged by Tuft Uni­ ure their accomplishments, and to on development issues, not politics, versity's Fletcher School of Law and Diplo­ strengthen their own traditions. To a and whose membership does not exist macy at its European center at Talloires, degree, their plea is one that may be solely to vie for the favor of the Third France, May 15-17, 1981, in cooperation considered within the forum of World. We must also focus on the with the World Press Freedom Committee. UNESCO. But within such proposals statements ratified by the 63 delegates At this session for the first time Western lies the opportunity to place the press at Talloires which urge UNESCO to and other free newspapers, magazines and in the hands of governments and to li­ broadcasters took a united stand against the abandon its attempts to regulate campaign by the Soviet bloc and some Third cense journalists under the guise of global information flows and recognize protection. Such licensing, according World countries to give UNESCO the au­ press freedom as a basic human right. thority to chart the media's future course. to some UNESCO members, should The founding of an IPDC must not be In a joint declaration adopted unanimous­ subject journalists to an international misconstrued as a mandate for ly by the 63 delegates from 21 countries, code of journalistic ethics which has UNESCO to regulate international in­ UNESCO was urged to abandon attempts to yet to be defined. formation flows. regulate global information and strive in­ The United States and eight other stead for practical solutions to Third World nations, contributors of a substantial In the Congress, we are attempting media advancement. amount of UNESCO's budget, have to send UNESCO a similar message. In But UNESCO has made known it will pro­ opposed such plans and continue to do hearings scheduled for July 9 and 16, ceed with the program, obligated to permit so amidst calls for the United States to 1981, the Foreign Affairs Subcommit­ discussions and possible action on proposals completely withdraw its participation tees on International Operations and unacceptable to the West. from UNESCO. Such attempts have Human Rights and International Or­ Those attending this historic conference ganizations will consider House Reso­ stated that they are "deeply concerned by a had mixed results. However, throu'gh growing tendency in many countries and the combined efforts of journalists, lution 142 and House Concurrent Res­ olution 137 sponsored by Representa­ international bodies to put government in­ the development of a strong U.S. terests above those of the individual, par­ policy, and congressional initiatives, tives SHAMANSKY and FENWICK. These ticularly in regard to information." we hope to enter the arena of resolutions affirm the message of the The delegates placed emphasis on the con­ UNESCO well armed to defend our journalists at Talloires: that it is not tinuing needs of the developing media, to basic first amendment freedoms. the province of UNESCO to govern which many have given assistance for years. At the 1978 UNESCO General Con­ the future of the journalistic profes­ They pledged to expand the "free flow of ference in Belgrade, the United States sion or to regulate the future of the information worldwide," and said they offered an alternative approach to the media. We hope that such actions will would support efforts by international encourage the development of a strong bodies, governments and private agencies to wrangling over the control of news cooperate with the Third World in updating coverage and activities of journalists. U.S. policy backed by a strong and ex­ perienced delegation to future confer­ production facilities, and in training. We proposed a solid and practical The declaration provides that "press free­ mechanism to help and encourage na­ ences. For our goal should not be to dom is a basic human right" to which the tions to increase their communications withdraw from an organization which conference pledged its support. capabilities rather than using the reg­ provides an international forum for The declaration which follows is a state­ ulation of information flows as a great communications, technological, cultur­ ment of the pr.inciples adopted: equalizer among nations. This mecha­ al, educational, and human rights cial ways by teaching groups such as of the community. The sacred High In a letter to Senate and House leaders, the handicapped, the elderly and chil­ Holy Day period will be observed in the GAO says that the abnormally high re­ dren to appreciate movies more fully Arlington this year with Rabbi David tirement rate of executives, coupled with and to learn from viewing them. Teutsch leading the congregation in the costs of replacing them, will cost the taxpayers about $67 ,000 per executive over I welcome the opportunity to recog­ prayer. the next three years. This is how GAO fig­ nize and honor the valuable contribu­ Mr. Robert Kaplan and the entire ures it: tions made by these remarkable public Jewish leadership of Arlington are to If an executive aged 55 with 30 years serv­ citizens who comprise the National be congratulated on their strength ice Cat the $50,112.50 level) retires today he Board of Review, which, in the words and dedication as well as on their com­ would get a pension of about $92,828 over of its president, Robert Giroux, "re­ mitment to the highest ideals of Juda­ the next three years. Presumably the gov­ mains the voice of those who want ism.• ernment would replace that individual at a three year cost of $150,338, GAO says. better films without censorship." If Uncle Sam could slow the retirement I would also like to take this oppor­ FEDERAL PAY CAPS WASTE pace, GAO says, by giving executives the tunity to alert my distinguished col­ TAXPAYERS' DOLLARS 16.8 percent catch-up raise, many executives leagues to the fact that we New would stay on in government. Even at the Yorkers take particular pride in the HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES higher pay rate, the executives' three-year steady growth of filmmaking in our salary of $175,593-would be cheaper, by city over the course of the past few OF MARYLAND $67 ,573, than the cost of putting him out to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pasture and hiring and paying a replace­ years. Feature films shot in New York ment. City have nearly tripled from 26 in Thursday, July 9, 1981 GAO says raising executive pay to encour­ 1977 to 71 in 1980, while television e Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, I submit age top brass to stay on would "not only movies, specials, and pilots have more for the information of my colleagues prevent the loss of valuable managerial than tripled from 16 to 50 during this the recent "Federal Diary" column of talent" but also-and it uses those magic same period, according to figures com­ Mike Causey of the Washington Post, words-it would be "cost-effective." Many piled by the New York City Mayor's which makes the point of how expen­ members of Congress tend to salivate any­ Office of Motion Pictures and Televi­ time they hear the words "cost-effective." If sion. I am especially proud that sive it is for Congress to foolishly cap enough of them can be convinced that the executive pay in the civil service each government can save money by raising exec­ "Kramer Versus Kramer," which won year. The General Accounting Office utive pay, the supergraders' salary increase an Oscar for best movie, was shot has pointed out that it costs far more should be assured this year. The key word is within the boundaries of my own 18th to pay pensions to Federal personnel if!• Congressional District. July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15307 New York City looks forward to a Had this series of cuts-which were SOCIAL SECURITY SOLVENCY growing and prosperous partnership assembled into a package by the with the filmmaking industry.e House Budget Committee-been HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. adopted by the House, Government OF KENTUCKY RECONCILIATION spending patterns would have changed more profoundly, according to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Budget Committee chairman, than at Thursday, July 9, 1981 OF KENTUCKY any time in the last 50 years. e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But, the House rejected the Budget current and future solvency of the Thursday, July 9, 1981 Committee package assembled from Social Security Trust Fund is an issue the recommendations made by all the with which we must come to terms. A e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I con­ standing committees of the House. constituent of mine, Mr. Alfred Wolf­ gratulate President Reagan in his ef­ And, by a narrow vote, it adopted the son, 310 N. 14th St., Murray, Ky., has forts to reduce Federal spending, to so-called Gramm-Latta II reconcilia­ proposed a solution to the problem of reform and update the Nation's tax solvency in the social security system. laws, to eliminate unnecessary and tion resolution which made even deeper cuts in the Federal budget. I would like to share Mr. Wolfson's so­ burdensome Government regulations lution with you now: and to strengthen the Nation's mone­ More to the point, it made them in the tary system. form of a hastily drawn document of DEAR REPRESENTATIVE HUBBARD: I would All these steps are necessary if our approximately 600 pages, not all of like to propose a solution to the problem of which pages were numbered or even in the solvency of the Social Security program, Nation is to regain its productive one which I have not heard discussed previ­ capacities, to create jobs needed to the proper sequence. Furthermore, ously. employ the jobless, to reduce infla­ the bill was produced overnight-liter­ There must be millions of people present­ tion-correctly called the cruelest tax ally-and was available to Members ly receiving Social Security benefits who do of all-and to stabilize the currency. only on the very day of the vote. not need them. I myself am one of these. The first step along the path leading The House does not, Mr. Speaker, Though far from being a millionaire, I to America's economic recovery was would willingly give up a portion of my ben­ always operate within the strictest ob­ efits <$670 per month for my wife and me) if taken in May. On May 7, I voted for servance of its rules and procedures. the bipartisan package of fiscal year others in my income tax bracket or a higher But, Gramm-Latta II, with all respect one would do likewise. Why not reduce the 1982 budget cuts and reconciliation in­ to the fact that its general outlines benefits for everybody whose taxable structions-supported by President income is more than $20,000 per year or Reagan. This package was termed the were known to most congressional ob­ servers, did not follow even the mini­ whatever seems reasonable? Gramm-Latta resolution after its two The reduction in the lower brackets could main sponsors. mum House standards for legislative begin at one or two percent and increase When I cast my vote for Gramm­ draftsmanship and parliamentary pro­ gradually at whatever rate is necessary to Latta, I did so pledging to my constitu­ cedure. save the system. Why penalize the poorer ents that I would continue to support Under the circumstances-or should people just receiving their first Social Secu­ those Federal programs which serve as I say chaos-which prevailed when rity benefits when there are so many who wouldn't miss the benefits they are receiv­ a lifeline for the elderly and the needy Gamm-Latta II hit the floor, I was ing? and that I would do all possible to persuaded that the Budget Commit-, Very sincerely, insure that the cuts made by the tee's package was a preferable alterna­ ALFRED WOLFSON .• standing committees of the House-in tive. response to the reconciliation instruc­ The Budget Committee version tions contained in the Gramm-Latta THE SUGAR DEAL resolution-would be fair, equitable, would have cut deeply into Federal and balanced among all groups in our spending and made important changes society. in Federal programs-but it would HON. PETER A. PEYSER The reconciliation process requires have done so with heart, with compas­ OF NEW YORK standing committees to achieve a cer­ sion and with sensitivity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tain level of savings in Federal pro­ It would have moved the Nation to Thursday, July 9, 1981 grams. The committees must rewrite an era of less inflation, more growth, entitlement programs, change eligibil­ stable money, and less joblessness­ •Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, I would ity standards, and make a~l other but it would have done so with atten­ like to call to the attention of my col­ changes in existing law in order to tion to the special needs of the elderly, leagues Art Buchwald's recent colmnn achieve the savings called for. the poor, the handicapped, and the on the sugar deal which occurred The reconciliation process is a stern, children of America. during consideration of the reconcilia­ uncompromising one-one obviously tion bill. I am sure that my colleagues I am hopeful, Mr. Speaker, that will find it interesting reading. not held in high esteem by committee Gramm-Latta II, which the President chairmen-but it is the correct system. As one who was working with the ad­ It allows the committee, which has and the White House pushed so hard ministration up until the time of the jurisdiction over a particular subject for, will succeed. I intend to do all I reconciliation votes to defeat the matter or program, to decide which can to see that it works. I want eco­ sugar loan program, I was very sur­ programs must be cut and the amount nomic conditions for all Americans to prised by the sudden change in its po­ of such cuts. In the end, Mr. Speaker, improve regardless of who gets credit sition. However, one thing which has I believe the committees themselves for the improvement. not changed is the cost of such a pro­ are in the best position to determine, But, Mr. Speaker, I must add that, if gram to the Government and to the in a fair and equitable and balanced the President's economic plan fails, consumer. I will continue to work for manner, the winners and the losers in the failure must be traceable to the al­ the defeat of this sugar program when the budget-cutting procedure. together too helter-skelter process by it reaches the House floor. As we know, Mr. Speaker, the com­ which it was adopted. WINNING ONE FOR THE, UH, 0IPPER mittees went to work, as directed by There remains a lot we do not know The item relating to section 2382 in The letter follows: Act due to an agreement reached the table of sections at the beginning of HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, today with SAM STRATTON that he will chapter 633 of title 10, United States Code, Washington, D.C., June 26, 1981. push for repeal of Vinson-Trammell, is amended to read as follows: President RoNALD REAGAN, in conference with the Senate, provid- "2382. Contract profit controls during emer­ The White House, ed that his language for a standby gency periods.". Washington, D.C. profit-limitation provision in event of DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Because of our sup- (b)(l) Section 7300 of title 10, United port for human rights laws and concern for war or national emergency is accepted. States Code, is repealed. gross violations of human rights around the A copy of that language, which I <2> The table of sections at the beginning world, we would like to take this opportuni- find wholly acceptable although I un­ of chapter 633 of such title is amended by ty to encourage you to nominate an Assist- derstand it will be slightly modified to striking out the item relating to section ant Secretary for Human Rights and Hu- accommodate technical changes, fol- 7300 .• manitarian Affairs as soon as possible. lows: We believe that strong advocacy and sup- MODIFICATION OF DEFENSE CONTRACT PROFIT IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICA­ port for human rights, and condemnation of . LIMITATION PROVISIONS torture, assassination and terrorism wherev- . . TION BETWEEN ARMED er they occur are an integral part of U.S. S~c. 911. Se~tlon 2382 of title 10, FORCES AND DEFENSE INDUS­ foreign policy. The Bureau of Human Umted. States Code, is amended to read as TRY STRESSED Rights and Humanitarian Affairs was estab- follows. lished by the Congress to ensure that "§ 2382. Contract profit controls during human rights issues would be given - high emergency periods HON. JOHN HILER priority and visibility in the conduct of our " Upon a declaration of war by Con- OF INDIANA . foreign relations. gress or a declaration of national emergency IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Among other duties, the Assistant Secre- by the President or by Congress, the Presi­ tary of State for Human Rights and Hu- dent shall transmit to Congress, within Thursday, July 9, 1981 ' manitarian Affairs prepares the State De- sixty days after the declaration of such war •Mr. HILER. Mr. Speaker, on June partment's Human Rights Report and or emergency, such regulations to control 30, Gerald C. Meyers, chairman of makes recommendations to the Secretary of excessive profits on defense contracts as he American Motors Corp., addressed the State regarding compliance with human determines are necessary during the period rights laws. Because of the sensitivity and of such war or emergency. Such regulations U.S. Army TACOM Military Vehicle importance of these and other duties, the shall be issued only after consultation with Manufacturing Technology Confer­ Assistant Secretary of State for Human the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of ence. Mr. Meyers' words reaffirm the Rights and Humanitarian Affairs must be a the Treasury, and the Secretary of Com­ commitment of the defense industry credible, effective and even-handed advo- merce and shall apply to appropriate de­ to work with the administration and cate for human rights in every country. fense contracts and subcontracts , that are entered into during REMARKS BY GERALD C. MEYERS, U.S. ARMY in so doing, signal the rest of the world that such war or emergency. TACOM MILITARY VEHICLE MANUFACTUR­ human rights considerations continue to be "(2) Such regulations shall set forth a ING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, JUNE 30, an important factor in U.S. relations with standard and procedure for determining 1981 all governments. what constitutes excessive profits and shall Thank you. It's a pleasure to be here. Sincerely, establish a threshold for coverage of con- Since the last conference of this kind as Tom Harkin, William Green, Richard tracts that will minimize administrative ex­ held here in 1978, historic changes have Ottinger, James Jeffords, Hamilton penses and not impose unfair burdens on taken place. Fish, small contractors. One landmark event, of course, was the Thomas Foglietta, Parren Mitchell, "(3) For the purposes of this subsection, election of last November. The American Shirley Chisholm, Peter Rodino, Toby excessive profits are profits that, taking into people gave their overwhelming approval to Moffett, Benjamin Rosenthal, Mat- consideration all the circumstances (includ­ a man who spoke repeatedly of the urgent thew McHugh, Thomas Downey, Fred- ing the risk of the contractor or subcontrac­ need to strengthen our Armed Forces. erick Richmond, Joe Moakley, Howard tor, the complexity of the contract, and the The election of President Reagan signaled Wolpe, Bob Edgar, Mike Barnes, John amount of investment required), are uncon­ a sharp turn in the nation's defense posture. LaFalce, Sam Gejdenson, scionable or that result in the unjust enrich- We have left behind, I hope forever, the William Ford, Albert Gore, Don Ed- ment of the contractor or subcontractor. dangerous illusion that somehow this nation wards, Barney Frank, Dennis Eckart, "(b) Regulations transmitted by the Presi­ could allow its armed forces to deteriorate George Miller, Austin Murphy, Jim dent under subsection (a) shall take effect while those of our most likely enemies grew Weaver, Walter Fauntroy, Claude only if neither House of Congress, within stronger at an alarming rate. Pepper, Harold Hollenbeck, Mike thirty days after the date upon which the Now we have entered an age of realism, an Lowry, Paul Simon, James Oberstar, President transmits the regulations, adopts age in which we finally seem to recognize John Seiberling, Martin Frost, Dan a resolution stating in substance that it dis­ that to be unprepared for war is to invite it. Glickman, Ed Markey, William Brod- approves the regulations. The Reagan Administration has declared head, Tom Daschle. "(c) Regulations not disapproved by either its commitment to rebuild our defense to a Mickey Leland, George Crockett, Ron House of the Congress shall remain in effect level unmatched by any nation. Dellums, David Bonior, Tony Hall, for a period of not more than five years That urgency was underscored by Secre­ Julian Dixon, Bob Kastenmeier, Dale after the date on which they take effect tary of Defense Weinberger in a recent Kildee, John Conyers, Gerry Studds, unless they are extended by a resolution interview with the New York Times. 15312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 "We must move very rapidly," he said, "to its decision to eliminate the public prove to be fleeting opportunities as more be ready with what we have, and to. bring sector employment program of CETA and more local government agencies reduce onto line additional strength right away." that those newly unemployed workers staff as a result of reductions in public fund­ The commitment to a strong defense is would be picked up by the private ing for other programs and services. equalled by its determination to rebuild our The Department of Labor reports that industrial base. This double commitment is sector. A recent Labor Department 20,721 persons, or 15.8 percent of the CETA new and important. We simply cannot have study is cheerfully upbeat in the suc­ terminees, were transferred to other CETA a strong defense unless our defense industry cess of its reemployment effort; too training programs. This finding raises seri­ is strong and vigorous. cheerful, I feel, if the facts are careful­ ous concerns: <1) Many of these training AM General, a subsidiary· of American ly scrutinized. slots will be eliminated when the 1982 Motors Corporation, is the world's largest DOL REPORT ON PSE CUTS budget reductions for CETA training are producer of tactical wheeled vehicles. We On June 30, the Department of Labor re­ implemented. The Gramm/Latta Budget are the primary manufacturer of such vehi­ leased an interim report on the reemploy­ Reconciliation Bill which passed the House cles for the U.S. Armed Service and other ment of CETA participants who had lost on June 26 would cut funds for CETA train­ friendly nations. We're very pleased to be their jobs as a result of the Administration's ing 27 percent from 1981 levels. (2) Even awarded the contract to provide the U.S. elimination of funding for public service em­ without the pending reductions in training, Army with 11,000 newly designed 5-ton tac­ ployment. the transfer of laid-off PSE workers to tical trucks. The report cites the achievements of the other CETA programs will simply mean Our experience as a supplier of trucks to "Reemployment Effort" implemented by that other potential trainees, also economi­ the U.S. Army dates back to 1940, when we the Department of Labor to place the cally disadvantaged and equally in need of began producing the world-famous Jeep. 131,220 individuals who had been terminat­ employment and training services, will be Since then, we've combined our experience ed through May 31, 1981. (Approximately denied such services. The priority given to as a mass producer of automobiles with our 175,000 more PSE participants will lose placing PSE workers raises a vexing public military design know-how to produce a wide their jobs by September 30, 1981.) The DOL policy dilemma: should those individuals array of tactical wheeled vehicles for mili­ report gave a cheery assessment of the who have already received some publicly fi­ tary forces throughout the world. status of those individuals who had been nanced assistance through their PSE posi­ We're proud of our record and we want to terminated to date: approximately 64 per­ tions be given blanket priority over those play a major role in the design and manu­ cent, according to DOL, had been placed for whom no services have been made avail­ facture of new and better vehicles for the either in unsubsidized employment or in able? military. training. Finally, the DOL data are misleading be­ We are an international company also. While it is most gratifying to learn that cause the "positive termination" figures do We are not limited to the technology of many PSE participants have moved smooth­ not include approximately 43,000 persons North America, nor are we bound to think ly to unsubsidized employment or to train­ who have lost their PSE jobs, but who have of military vehicles in the traditional sense. been kept on the CETA rolls in order to As an example, earlier this month we un­ ing, it would be entirely misleading to veiled in Washington a new light armored assume that substantial hardship will not obtain job counseling or placement assist­ vehicle called the "Gator." This vehicle was result from the Administration's abrupt ter­ ance. If these terminees are included in the derived from a combat-proven "forward mination of CETA jobs and that the private placement calculations, the positive termi­ area armored vehicle" manufactured by Re­ sector will pick up hundreds of thousands of nation record is diminished from 64.6 per­ nault. low skilled workers. cent to 48 percent and the job placement The Gator is an example of our technolog­ The staff of the Subcommittee on Em­ rate would be reduced from 43.8 percent to ical capability. Our manufacturing capabili­ ployment Opportunities has analyzed the 33 percent. ties are already well known to all of you. Department of Labor's interim report and The Subcommittee staff contacted a This is a critical time for our Armed has contacted a sample of CETA prime number of prime sponsors to determine how Forces and the industry· which supplies sponsors to determine the impact of the their placement rates compared with the them. PSE cuts in those communities. DOL national data. Our survey indicates With the election of President Reagan, The Subcommittee found that the place­ that many communities are experiencing the American people have voiced their ment rates reported by the Department of great difficulty in finding jobs or training strong approval of a first-rate national de­ Labor are less, in spite of the massive effort positions for the PSE terminees: fense. by prime sponsors, than the rates experi­ Los Angeles laid off 4,500 CETA workers The cost of buildup will be very high-an enced under the PSE program in the past­ as of June 30; 10 percent have been placed estimated $1.3 to $1.5 trillion dollars over rates which this Administration has criti­ in public agencies, 8 percent have been the next five to seven years. cized roundly and which formed the basis placed in private sector jobs and 40 percent But as Secretary Weinberger also said, for eliminating the PSE program. According have gone on unemployment. "the money must be found not only to deter to the Department of Labor's Continuous In Dade County, Florida, 1,290 PSE par­ Soviet aggression but to defeat it if it comes. Longitudinal Manpower Survey findings re­ ticipants have lost their jobs. Only 1 per­ We can't build weapons less accurate or less leased in May 1981, 56 percent of past PSE cent have been placed in private sector jobs, lethal than theirs." participants were employed at termination and 37 percent have been hired by the Americans are willing to bear the cost, but and 60 percent were employed 3 months county. they expect the new Armed Forces to be after termination. The findings of the In Philadelphia, 3,200 PSE workers were equipped with weapons and vehicles of the CLMS survey compare with a total place­ laid off as of July 7; 35 percent found em­ highest quality. They are willing to do ment rate of 43.8 percent in the current ployment in public agencies while only 151, battle in the nation's defense, but they want "Reemployment Effort". This comparison is or less than 5 percent were placed in private our troops to fight with the best equipment. not meant as a criticism of the efforts of sector jobs. To do this, we need the closest possible prime sponsors who have conducted massive New York City laid off 6,900 PSE partici­ communication between the Armed Forces jobs campaigns to place the laid-off CETA pants as of June 30. Of these, 38 percent and the industry. This is why conferences of workers. The reduced placement rates more have been placed in public agencies and this kind are essential to the goal of a na­ likely reflect the declining job market, the only a small number of participants are ex­ tional defense second to none. precipitous rate of CETA job terminations, pected to find jobs in the private sector. Again, I am pleased to be here. I wish you and the fact that prime sponsors are them­ Baltimore laid off 2,833 CETA workers as every success as we work to preserve the na­ selves losing staff to assist in the placement of the end of June; 28 percent have found tion's freedom. efforts as a result of program cuts. unsubsidized employment including only Thank you.e Only 18 percent of the current PSE work­ 306 private sector jobs. ers have been placed in private sector jobs These statistics do not support DOL's en­ in spite of the Department's assertion that couraging account of the Reagan Adminis­ DOL REPORT IGNORES REALITY "the jobs are there". The disappointingly tration's phaseout of public service employ­ low rate of employment in private unsubsi­ ment. Nor do they offer hope that the dized employment clearly indicates that the 175,000 remaining PSE workers will fare HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS private sector cannot be expected to assume any better. On the contrary, the remaining OF CALIFORNIA the responsibility for training and hiring CETA workers will face even tighter job IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the hard-core unemployed when Federal markets as public agencies cut back staff Thursday, July 9, 1981 funds are drastically cut back. and services to meet budget cuts taking According to DOL, approximately 33,400 effect in October. e Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, the terminees <25 percent) were placed in public The Reagan Administration has eliminat­ administration has reassured critics of employment. These jobs, however, may ed the only program providing jobs for the July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15313 hard-core unemployed and has offered in its turn. In the July 8, 1981, edition of the others can be estimated with more preci­ place the hope that the private sector can Washington Star, an article appeared sion. take up the slack. That faith is slim comfort which I believe my colleagues would Many of the intangibles are closely associ­ for hundreds of thousands of PSE workers do well to read, in the face of all the ated with the beliefs and values of the wil­ who are now unemployed.• negative rhetoric generated by those derness advocates. They have succeeded in groups who have seized upon Secre­ turning the vagueness surrounding the ben­ WILDERNESS AND THE REAL tary Watt as a means to fatten their efits of their espoused positions to their ad­ WORLD membership dues coffers. Written by vantage. While using the more quantifiable Alan Fitzsimmons, associate professor benefits of their policy opponents against HON. DON YOUNG of geography and chairman of the en­ those same opponents. ONLY 6 MONTHS' SUPPLY OF ALASKA vironmental studies'. program at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES George Washington Upiversity, it is a For example: From the advocates' per­ level-headed look at what our public spective, it is relatively easy to construct an Thursday, July 9, 1981 land policy laws suggest in light of the argument around the need to protect a wil­ e Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speak­ hooplah surrounding Secretary Watt's derness from petroleum exploration. They er, Secretary of the Interior James actions. Such a fine article by such a cite the spiritual benefits of an untouched Watt has been unfairly labeled by the distinguished academician within the area, stressing such secular benefits as gene­ eastern press and the extremists field of environmental studies is en­ pool preserves, maintenance of living lab­ within the environmental movement couraging for those of us who support oratories, and the provision of certain recre­ as an antienvironmentalist since as­ and cheer the policies of Secretary ational opportunities. At the same time suming his position within the Reagan Watt. they point out that the upper limit of po­ tentially recoverable petroleum is, say, only administration. The people of Alaska, WILDERNESS AND THE REAL WORLD a six-month supply for the United States. on the other hand, have overwhelm­ ANDREI SAKHAROV ON THE Dr. Chen had a reputation as a com­ yield better results than another SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF petent, devoted, and popular teacher, about which many Americans con­ SCIENTISTS highly regarded by colleagues and stu­ cerned for the future of Taiwan dents alike. Shortly before he left the remain deeply alarmed. Just 16 United States for his visit to Taiwan months ago, the mother and twin HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. he was notified of his reappointment daughters of Taiwan legislator Lin Yi­ OF CALIFORNIA for a second 3-year term as assistant hsiung were massacred in their home IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES professor at Carnegie-Mellon. A facul­ while Lin was under detention by mar­ Thursday, July 9, 1981 ty colleague told my office that Dr. tial law authorities who accused him Chen was "extremely pleased" with of seditious activity related to the De­ e Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. his reappointment and that he was a cember 1979 Kaohsiung incident. Speaker, at a time of escalating global "stable teacher who never showed any Many questions about the murders of tensions and a dramatic increase in of the personality traits that even the family of one of Taiwan's most re­ the nuclear arms race, it seems rare to under the worst of circumstances spected young legislators, whom I hear a voice of calm reason. One such would lead to the taking of his own have been privileged to come to know voice, which is all the more unique be­ life." He was apparently a very deter­ personally, remain unanswered to this cause it belongs to the father of the mined, dedicated young man who day, but it would appear that the in­ Soviet hydrogen bomb and a recipient loved life. vestigation has been abandoned. of the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, is that Certain facts about Dr. Chen's death In the case of Dr. Chen, there is a of Dr. Andrei Sakharov. have been established. He was called need to know not only who might have Andrei Sakharov, who lives under in for a 13-hour interrogation at the played a role in his death and why, house arrest in Gorky, has under great Taiwan Garrison Command on the but also a need to probe other aspects duress continued to write and speak day of his death. After conclusion of of the Taiwan Government's treat­ out on human rights and the responsi­ what must have been a very traumatic ment of its critics. How extensive is bilities of educated citizens. As a scien­ confrontation with security forces who the Taiwan Government's network of tist, Dr. Sakharov has especially ad­ arbitrarily detained him under the au­ informants here in the United States? dressed his colleagues in the global sci­ thority of the martial law that has Does the Government keep files on entific community on their responsi­ been maintained for 32 years on the every person who participates in anti­ bilities. In reading his words, I find island, Chen was reportedly taken to Government groups or demonstra­ that people in every land could benefit his father-in-law's home, where he and tions? Why would the Taiwan Garri­ from them, and urge my colleagues to his family were staying, at about 9:30 son Command consider Dr. Chen, review the following essay: p.m., and was seen there by some as whose views were clear but whose ac­ [From Physics Today, June 198ll yet unidentified witnesses. According tivism was limited, a dangerous influ­ THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENTISTS to one report from Taipei, he then ence in our country? How many Tai­ went to the home of a good friend, in wanese faculty and students, in Ameri­ whom he confided that he feared he can universities are afraid to return to Because of the international nature of our profession, scientists form the one real was going to be put in prison for what their homeland, lest they be subjected worldwide community which exists today. the Taiwan Garrison Command called to interrogation at the Taiwan Garri­ There is no doubt about this with respect to anti-Government activities here in the son Command? Will their activities in the substance of science: Schrodinger's United States. He is said to have asked America be limited by fear of later re­ equation and the formula E=mc• are equal­ his friend to take care of his family in prisal? ly valid on all continents. But the integra- July 9, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15315 tion of the scientific community has inevita­ governments or to the public; and in alert­ flagrant violation of statutory procedures bly progressed beyond narrow professional ing them to dangers. Disarmament is a sepa­ and in defiance of elementary common interests and now embraces a broad range of rate, critically important issue which re­ sense. My friend Sergei Kovalev was con­ universal issues, including ethical questions. quires a profound, thorough and scientifi­ victed in 1975 in the absence of the defend­ And I believe this trend should and will con­ cally daring approach. I realize that a more ant and counsel, that is, with no possibility tinue. detailed treatment is needed, but now I will whatsoever for a defense. He was sentenced Scientists, engineers and other specialists simply outline a few ideas. I consider disar­ to seven years labor camp and three years derive from their professional knowledge mament necessary and possible only on the internal exile for anti-Soviet agitation and and the advantages of their occupations a basis of strategic parity. Additional agree­ propaganda allegedly contained in the sa­ broad and deep understanding of the poten­ ments covering all kinds of weapons of mass mizdat news magazine, A Chronicle of Cur­ tial benefits-but also the risks-entailed in destruction are needed. After strategic rent Events, but there was no examination the application of science and technology. parity in conventional arms has been of the substance of the charge. They also develop an awareness of the posi­ achieved, a parity which takes account of all Comparable breaches of law marked the tive and negative tendencies of progress the political, psychological and geographical trials of Yury Orlov, the founder of the generally, and its possible consequences. factors involved, and if totalitarian expan­ Moscow Helsinki Group, and of other mem­ Colossal opportunities exist for the appli­ sion is brought to an end, then agreements bers of the Helsinki Groups and associated cation of recent advances in physics, chem­ should be reached prohibiting the first use committees: Victor Nekipelov, Leonard Ter­ istry amd biochemistry; technology and en­ of nuclear weapons, and later, banning such novsky, Mykola Rudenko, Alexander Podra­ gineering; computer science; medicine and weapons. binek Vladimir Slepak, Malva Landa, ology , scien­ The worldwide character of the scientific who is still in labor camp. Within the last tists are not only better informed than the community assumes particular importance few days I have been shocked by the fifth average person, but also strive for and enjoy when dealing with such problems. By its arrest of my friend Anatoly Marchenko, more independence and freedom. Freedom, international defense of persecuted scien­ a worker and author of two talented and im­ however, always entails responsibility. Sci­ tists and of all persons whose rights have portant books: My Testimony and From entists and other experts already influence been violated, the scientific community con­ Tarusa to Siberia. Imprisoned religious be­ or have the capacity to influence public firms its international mandate, which is so lievers include Rostislav Galetsky, Bishop opinion and their governments. The individuals I mention have cians Tatiana Velikanova, Alexander Lavut, amples of activities with both professional neither advocated nor used violence since Alexander Bolonkin and Vazif Meilanov; and social aspects. they consider publicity the only acceptable, computer scientist Victor Brailovsky; econo­ Similar complications arise when scien­ effective and non-pernicious way of defend­ mist Ida Nudel; engineers Reshat Dzhemilev tists become involved in questions of disar­ ing human rights. Thus, they are all prison­ and Antanas Terleckas; physicists Rolan mament: in developing strategy for or par­ ers of conscience as defined by Amnesty Kadiyev, Iosif Zisels and Iosif Dyadkin; ticipating in international negotiations; in International. Their stories have much else chemists Valery Abramkin and Juri Kukk; advancing proposals or issuing appeals to in common. Their trials were conducted in philologists Igor Ogurtsov and Mustafa 15316 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 9, 1981 Dzhemilev; and Vladimir Balakhonov. CI Orlov's colleagues to expel him secretly sion and secrecy, at first in Moscow and have only recently received word of the from the Armenian Academy of Sciences then in a special research center. We were tragic death of Juri Kukk in a labor camp.) while other colleagues in the USSR Acade­ all convinced of the vital importance of our A common violation of human rights, and my of Sciences shut their eyes to the expul­ work for establishing a worldwide military one which especially affects scientists, is sion and also to his physical condition? Many active and passive scope. of many "refuseniks" are known to the accomplices in such affairs may themselves In 1950 I collaborated with Igor Tamm in West. someday attract the growing appetite of some of the first research on controlled I was banished without a trial to Gorky Moloch. Nothing good can come of this. thermonuclear reactions. We proposed prin­ more than a year ago and placed under a Better to avert it. ciples for the magnetic thermal isolation of regimen of almost total isolation. A few Western scientists face no threat of prison plasmas. I also suggested as an immediate days ago the KGB stole my manuscripts or labor camp for public stands; they cannot technical objective the use of a thermonu­ and notebooks which contained extracts be bribed by an offer of foreign travel to clear reactor to produce fissionable materi­ from scientific books and journals. This is a forsake such activity. But this in no way di­ als as fuel for atomic power plants. Re­ new attempt to deprive me of any opportu­ minishes their responsibility. Some Western search on controlled thermonuclear reac­ nity for intellectual activity, even in my soli­ intellectuals warn against social involve­ tions is now receiving priority elsewhere. tude, and to rob me of my memory. For ment as a form of politics. But I am not The Tokamak system, which is under inten­ more than three years Elizaveta Alexeyeva, speaking about a struggle for power. This is sive study in many countries, is most closely my son's fiancee, has been arbitrarily pre­ not politics. It is a struggle to preserve related to our early ideas. vented from leaving the Soviet Union. I peace and those ethical values which have In 1952 I initiated experimental work on have mentioned my own situation because been developed as our civilization evolved. magnetic-explosive generators I helped to promote the 1963 ganized actions in defense of victims of re­ grandmother and the soul of our family, Moscow Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon pression will ease their lot and add strength, who died before World War II at the age of Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space authority and energy to the international 79. Family influences were especially strong and Under Water. From 1964 when I spoke scientific community. in my case because I received my early out on problems of biology Cat the Academy I have titled this letter "The Responsibil­ schooling at home and then had difficulty of Sciences, during a debate on the election ity of Scientists." Tatiana Velikanova, Yury relating to my own age group. of one of Trofim Lysenko's associates), and Orlov, Sergei Kovalev and many others After graduating from high school with especially from 1967, I have been interested have decided this question for themselves honors in 1938, I enrolled in the Physics De­ in an ever-expanding circle of questions. In by taking the path of active, self-sacrificing partment of Moscow University. When war 1967 I joined the Committee for Lake struggle for a human rights and for an open began, our classes were evacuated to Ashk­ Baikal, which was organized to protect one society. Their sacrifices are enormous, but habad, where I graduated with honors in of the purest lakes in the world from indus­ they are not in vain. These individuals are 1942. That summer I was assigned work for trial pollution. My first appeals for victims improving the ethical image of our world. several weeks in Kovrov, and then I was em­ of repression date from 1966-67. Many of their colleagues who live in total­ ployed on a logging operation in a remote The time came in 1968 for the more de­ itarian countries but who have not found settlement near Melekess. My first vivid im­ tailed, public and candid statement of my within themselves the strength for such pression of the life of workers and peasants views contained in the essay "Progress Co­ struggle, do try to fulfill honestly their pro­ dates from that difficult summer of 1942. In existence and Intellectual Freedom." These fessional responsibilities. It is, in fact, essen­ September I was sent to a large arms facto­ same ideas were echoed seven years late in tial to work at one's profession. But has not ry on the Volga, where I worked as an engi­ the title of my Nobel lecture: "Peace, the time come for those scientists, who neer until 1945. Progress and Human Rights." I consider the often exhibit their perception and noncon­ I developed several inventions to improve themes of fundamental importance and formity when with close friends, to demon­ inspection procedures at that factory. While world-wide publicity. Valery Chalidze and Andrei Tver­ pretext>, sometimes for the sake of one's was included in Tamm's research group dokhlebov, and later with the mathemati­ career, sometimes for the sake of foreign which developed a thermonuclear weapon. I cian Igor Shafarevich and geophysicist Gri­ travel