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Latvijas Universitāte Bioloģijas Fakultāte Pākšaugu Latvijas Universitāte Bioloģijas fakultāte Ieva Roze Pākšaugu dzimta (Leguminosae Juss.) Latvijas florā Promocijas darbs Doktora grāda iegūšanai bioloģijas nozarē Apakšnozare: botānika Darba vadītājs: Dr. biol., asoc. prof. Viesturs Šulcs Rīga, 2015 SATURS IEVADS.................................................................................................................... 3 I. LITERATŪRAS APSKATS .................................................................................. 5 I.I. Pākšaugu dzimtas izpētes vēsture Latvijā.......................................................... 5 I.II. Pākšaugu dzimtas vieta vaskulāro augu sistēmās ............................................. 6 I.III. Pākšaugu dzimtas taksonu ranga un apjoma izpratne...................................... 7 II. MATERIĀLS UN METODES.............................................................................. 8 III. REZULTĀTI....................................................................................................... 9 Pākšaugu dzimta – Leguminosae Juss. ................................................................... 9 1. ģints. Lupīna – Lupinus L. .........................................................................11 2. ģints. Slotzaris – Sarothamnus Wimm. .......................................................13 3. ģints. Kazāboliņš – Chamaecytisus Link ....................................................13 4. ģints. Irbulene – Genista L. ........................................................................14 5. ģints. Amorfa – Amorpha L. ......................................................................15 6. ģints. Soja – Glycine Willd. .......................................................................15 7. ģints. Vainadzīte – Coronilla L. ..................................................................16 8. ģints. Pērkonamoliņš – Anthyllis L. ...........................................................17 9. ģints. Seradella – Ornithopus L. .................................................................21 10. ģints. Vanagnadziņš – Lotus L. ................................................................21 11. ģints. Robīnija – Robinia L. .....................................................................25 12. ģints. Aslaiviņa – Oxytropis DC. ..............................................................26 13. ģints. Tragantzirnis – Astragalus L. ..........................................................27 14. ģints. Galega – Galega L. .........................................................................29 15. ģints. Karagāna – Caragana Fabr. .............................................................30 16. ģints. Esparsete – Onobrychis Mill. ..........................................................31 17. ģints. Āboliņš – Trifolium L. ....................................................................32 18. ģints. Blaktene – Ononis L. ......................................................................40 19. ģints. Amoliņš – Melilotus Mill. ...............................................................41 20. ģints. Sieramoliņš – Trigonella L. .............................................................44 21. ģints. Lucerna – Medicago L. ...................................................................45 22. ģints. Vīķis – Vicia L. ..............................................................................49 23. ģints. Dedestiņa – Lathyrus L. ..................................................................57 24. ģints. Zirnis – Pisum L. ............................................................................63 IV. DISKUSIJA .......................................................................................................64 IV.I. Pākšaugu dzimtas taksonomiskais sastāvs Baltijā..........................................64 IV.II. Pākšaugu dzimtas sugu areāla robežas Latvijā .............................................65 IV.III. Jauni pākšaugu dzimtas taksoni Latvijas florā.............................................65 IV.IV. Pākšaugu dzimtas taksonu ranga maiņa ......................................................66 IV.V. Pākšaugu dzimtas sugu floristiskais statuss..................................................66 IV.VI. Pākšaugu dzimtas sugu latviskie nosaukumi...............................................67 SECINĀJUMI..........................................................................................................68 PATEICĪBAS...........................................................................................................69 LITERATŪRAS SARAKSTS..................................................................................70 PIELIKUMI .............................................................................................................83 2 IEVADS Pākšaugu dzimta Leguminosae Juss. (Fabaceae Lindl. s.l.) ir viena no lielākajām Latvijas vaskulāro augu florā. Pēdējā dzimtas taksonu sistemātiskā apstrāde veikta 20. gs. vidū (Līvena, 1957). Šajā darbā iekļauto taksonu apraksti sastāv no zinātniskās nomenklatūras, morfoloģisko pazīmju raksturojuma un ģeogrāfiskās izplatības raksturojuma. Tomēr nav kritiski izvērtēts Herbāriju materiāls un literatūra, tāpēc apstrādē ir izlaisti vairāki taksoni, un iekļauti tikai 67 sugu apraksti. 20. gs. otrajā pusē publicēti vairāki darbi, atšķirīgi pēc formāta un apjoma, par Latvijas vaskulāro augu floru (Pētersone, Birkmane, 1958, 1980; Табака и др., 1988; Kuusk et al., 1996; Gavrilova, Šulcs, 1999). Šo darbu uzdevums bija apkopot līdzšinējās zināšanas par Latvijas floras sastāvu, bet ne taksonu sistemātiskās struktūras izpēte. Maz ir darbu arī par atsevišķu ģinšu sistemātiku. Lielāka uzmanība pievērsta tikai divu ģinšu sistemātikai – Anthyllis L. (Эглите, 1974; 1977; 1982) un Lotus L. (Эглите, 1985). Aktualitāte. Nav mūsdienīga darba par pākšaugu dzimtu Latvijas florā, kas iekļautu gan jaunākos atzinumus pasaulē, gan arī dzimtas taksonu analīzi Latvijā. Visu pākšaugu dzimtas taksonu izpētē Latvijas florā, atbilstoši klasisko Floru standartam, noteikts taksonu sastāvs, sugu ģeogrāfiskā izplatība un floristiskais statuss. Hipotēze. Herbārija materiāla izpētes rezultātā un pieaugošās antropogēnās ietekmes dēļ pākšaugu dzimtas (Leguminosae Juss.) taksonu sastāvs pēdējos 20 gados Latvijas savvaļas florā ir mainījies. Darba mērķis – noteikt pākšaugu dzimtas sistemātisko sastāvu un struktūru Latvijas florā. Darba uzdevumi: 1. izpētīt taksonu morfoloģiskās pazīmes, noteikt to taksonomisko vērtību; 2. kritiski revidējot zinātnisko literatūru, izpētīt un sastādīt taksonomiskajā apstrādē pieņemto taksonu zinātnisko nomenklatūru; 3. sagatavot taksonu ģeogrāfiskās izplatības kartes un novērtēt taksonu izplatību Latvijā; 4. pētījumu rezultātus apkopot taksonu aprakstos; 5. izveidot pākšaugu dzimtas ģinšu un sugu noteikšanas tabulas; 6. kritiski izvērtēt līdz šim lietotos taksonu latviskos nosaukumus un izvēlēties taksonu latīnisko nosaukumu potenciālos ekvivalentus latviešu valodā. Aizstāvamās tēzes. 1. Pākšaugu dzimtas taksonomisko sastāvu Latvijā aizvien vairāk ietekmē antropogēnie faktori. 2. Latvijas savvaļas floras materiāla padziļināta izpēte – Latvijā jaunu taksonu bāze. 3. Līdzšinējā pākšaugu dzimtas nacionālā botāniskā nomenklatūra veidota ne vienmēr adekvāti starptautiskajai botāniskajai nomenklatūrai. Novitāte. Darba rezultātā ir radīti oriģināli taksonu apraksti latviešu valodā un pēc Latvijas materiāla, starp tiem vismaz 40 pirmoreiz latviešu valodā. Konstatēti 5 jauni sugas ranga taksoni, 2 varietātes un 2 pasugas ranga taksoni. Pirmoreiz pārskatīti un akceptēti sugu latviskie nosaukumi. 3 Darba rezultāti ir izmantoti projektā Latvijas vaskulāro augu flora un veģetācija (LZP, 2010-2012. Agrāk: Latvijas vaskulāro augu flora, 2001-2009) un Nacionālā botāniskā nomenklatūra (LZP, 2001-2008). Lielākā daļa rezultātu publicēti: Roze I., Rūrāne I. 2013. Revision of genus Vicia L. in the flora of Latvia. Acta Bi- ologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 13, 1: 85-93; Roze I. 2008. Dedestiņu (Lathyrus L.) ģints Latvijas florā. Latvijas Veģetācija, 16: 5-18; Roze I. 2007. Āboliņa Trifolium L. ģints Latvijas florā. Latvijas Veģetācija, 13: 17- 32; Roze I. 2007. Tragantzirņa Astragalus L. ģints Latvijas florā. Latvijas Veģetācija, 13: 5-15; Roze I. 2006. Bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus L. in the flora of Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 60, 2/3: 92-97; Roze I. 2004. Kidney Vetch Anthyllis L. in the flora of Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 58, 2: 61-69; Roze I. 2003. Pērkonamoliņa Anthyllis L. ģints Latvijas florā. Latvijas Veģetācija, 7: 15-31; Roze I. 2003. Genus Trifolium L. in flora of Latvia. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 3, 1 : 33-40. Par pētījumu rezultātiem ziņots 9 zinātniskās konferencēs (no tām 4 starptautiskajās konferencēs): Roze I., Rūrāne I. Revision of genus Vicia L. in the flora of Latvia. 7th International Conference „Research and Conservation of Biological Diversity in Baltic Region”. Daugavpils, 25 – 27 April, 2013; Roze I. Blakteņu ģints Ononis L. Latvijas florā. LU 69. konference. Botānikas un ekoloģijas sekcija. Rīga, 2011. gada 1. februāris; Roze I. Esparsešu ģints Onobrychis Mill. Latvijas florā. LU 69. konference. Biotas ģeogrāfija. Rīga, 2011. gada 31. janvāris; Roze I. Lucernas (Medicago L.) Latvijas florā. LU 66. konference. Botānikas un ekoloģijas sekcija. Rīga, 2008. gada 6. februāris; Roze I. Latvijas tragantzirņu Astragalus L. sistemātika. LU 65. zinātniskā konference. Botānikas un ekoloģijas sekcija. Rīga, 2007. gada 7. februāris;
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