Four Freedoms in the First Amendment
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F. D. Roosevelt, Norman Rockwell & the Four Freedoms (1943)
F. D. Roosevelt, Norman Rockwell & the Four Freedoms (1943) Excerpt from Roosevelt’s January 16, 1941 speech before the U.S. Congress: “In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want -- which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear -- which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor-- anywhere in the world. That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. To that new order we oppose the greater conception -- the moral order. A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear. Since the beginning of our American history, we have been engaged in change -- in a perpetual peaceful revolution -- a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions -- without the concentration camp or the quick-lime in the ditch. -
The Consideration of the Yalta Conference As an Executive Agreement
University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 8-1-1973 The consideration of the Yalta Conference as an executive agreement John Brayman University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Brayman, John, "The consideration of the Yalta Conference as an executive agreement" (1973). Student Work. 372. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/372 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CONSIDERATION OF THE YALTA CONFERENCE AS AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska at Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts John Brayman August, 1973 UMI Number: EP73010 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI EP73010 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 THESIS ACCEPTANCE Accepted for fee facility of The Graduate College of fee University of Nebraska at Omaha, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts, Graduate Committee: Name Departmin Chairman THE CONSITERATION GP :THS YALTA CONFERENCE AS AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT : The story of the Yalta Conference is a complex and a difficult one. -
Margaret C. Rung Professor of History Director, History Program and Center for New Deal Studies Roosevelt University
Margaret C. Rung Professor of History Director, History Program and Center for New Deal Studies Roosevelt University 430 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60605 (w) 312-341-3724, Rm 834 e-mail: [email protected] Education: Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University (History) M.A., The Johns Hopkins University (History) B.A., Oberlin College (Phi Beta Kappa) Professional Positions: Professor of History, Roosevelt University Chair, Department of History and Philosophy, 2013-2017 Director of the Center for New Deal Studies, Roosevelt University 2002- Associate Dean, College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, 2001-2005 Program Coordinator, History, 1999-2000, 2001-2005 Visiting Fulbright Lecturer, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, 2000-2001 Assistant Professor of History, Mount Allison University, 1993-1994 Research/Professional Experience: Research & Editorial Assistant, The Dwight David Eisenhower Papers Project, Baltimore, Maryland, 1987-1993 Research Historian, History Associates, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 1985-1990 *Significant projects: Rung, "Celebrating One Hundred Years: A History of Florida National Bank." Recipient of Golden Image Award, Florida Public Relations Association, April 1988. *Research assistance on: Richard G. Hewlett, Jessie Ball DuPont. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1992; Rodney P. Carlisle, Where the Fleet Begins: A History of the David Taylor Naval Research Center, 1898-1998. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1998; Dian O.Belanger, Managing American Wildlife: A History of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1988. Archival Assistant, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 1985 Publications: With Erik Gellman, “The Great Depression” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of American History, ed. Jon Butler. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. -
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index A (General) Abeokuta: the Alake of Abram, Morris B.: see A (General) Abruzzi: Duke of Absher, Franklin Roosevelt: see A (General) Adams, C.E.: see A (General) Adams, Charles, Dr. D.F., C.E., Laura Franklin Delano, Gladys, Dorothy Adams, Fred: see A (General) Adams, Frederick B. and Mrs. (Eilen W. Delano) Adams, Frederick B., Jr. Adams, William Adult Education Program Advertisements, Sears: see A (General) Advertising: Exhibits re: bill (1944) against false advertising Advertising: Seagram Distilleries Corporation Agresta, Fred Jr.: see A (General) Agriculture Agriculture: Cotton Production: Mexican Cotton Pickers Agriculture: Department of (photos by) Agriculture: Department of: Weather Bureau Agriculture: Dutchess County Agriculture: Farm Training Program Agriculture: Guayule Cultivation Agriculture: Holmes Foundry Company- Farm Plan, 1933 Agriculture: Land Sale Agriculture: Pig Slaughter Agriculture: Soil Conservation Agriculture: Surplus Commodities (Consumers' Guide) Aircraft (2) Aircraft, 1907- 1914 (2) Aircraft: Presidential Aircraft: World War II: see World War II: Aircraft Airmail Akihito, Crown Prince of Japan: Visit to Hyde Park, NY Akin, David Akiyama, Kunia: see A (General) Alabama Alaska Alaska, Matanuska Valley Albemarle Island Albert, Medora: see A (General) Albright, Catherine Isabelle: see A (General) Albright, Edward (Minister to Finland) Albright, Ethel Marie: see A (General) Albright, Joe Emma: see A (General) Alcantara, Heitormelo: see A (General) Alderson, Wrae: see A (General) Aldine, Charles: see A (General) Aldrich, Richard and Mrs. Margaret Chanler Alexander (son of Charles and Belva Alexander): see A (General) Alexander, John H. Alexitch, Vladimir Joseph Alford, Bradford: see A (General) Allen, Mrs. Idella: see A (General) 2 Allen, Mrs. Mary E.: see A (General) Allen, R.C. -
FDR Document Project
FOLLOW-UP ASSIGNMENT: FDR AND THE WORLD CRISIS: 1933-1945 SUBMITTED BY PAUL S RYKKEN, BLACK RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN 26 July 2007 OVERVIEW As part of our concluding discussions at the July seminar, we were asked to create a letter, article, journal entry, briefing, press release, song, or classroom project that reflected a theme or revelation that resulted from our Hyde Park experience. Having taught American history for 28 years I have been “living” with FDR for many years and attempting to interpret him for students in my classes. I found the NEH experience to be incredibly enriching and thought-provoking and certainly am walking away from it with a much deeper appreciation for both Franklin and Eleanor. Of the wide ranging topics that we discussed, I was particularly taken with what we learned about Roosevelt’s fascination with maps and his sense of geography. The presentation by Dr. Alan Henrickson concerning FDR’s “mental maps” was especially instructive in this regard. The lesson plan that follows relates directly to what we learned about FDR as a communicator and global strategist during World War 2. I have often used the Fireside Chats in class (especially his first one) but will certainly add this one to my repertoire next year. The lesson plan is not especially original, but nevertheless offers excellent openings for working on the following skills: • Authentic document analysis • Enhanced understanding of the geography of the war, particularly concerning the early Pacific theater • Analysis of the power of persuasion by the President • Deeper sense of empathy concerning ordinary Americans during World War 2 1 DOCUMENT PROJECT: FDR AND THE WORLD CRISIS LESSON SET-UP In this activity students will be experiencing FDR’s Fireside Chat of February 23, 1942 concerning the progress of the war. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt Through Eleanor's Eyes
Franklin D. Roosevelt Through Eleanor’s eyes EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Listen to Presidential at http://wapo.st/presidential This transcript was run through an automated transcription service and then lightly edited for clarity. There may be typos or small discrepancies from the podcast audio. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: March 4, 1933. A grey and cold Inauguration Day. Outgoing president Herbert Hoover and incoming president Franklin Delano Roosevelt had on their winter coats, and they had blankets wrapped around their legs as they rode side-by-side in an open touring car from the White House to the East Portico of the Capitol building for Roosevelt's swearing in. There were secret ramps set up so that FDR could wheel himself nearly all the way to the stage. And then with the help of his son James, he propped himself out of the wheel chair and walked slowly to the lectern. He stared out at the crowd of Americans who were gathered there to watch his inauguration during these dark days of the Great Depression, and he took the oath of office. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT CLIP LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: Roosevelt's hand was on his family's 250-year-old Dutch bible. The page was open to 1 Corinthians 13, which has the words: “Love is patient. Love is kind. It does not envy. It does not boast. It is not proud. It does not dishonor others. It is not self-seeking. It is not easily angered. It keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil, but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes. -
REVISITING the FOUR FREEDOMS by Donald M
EXCLUSIVE MCUF FEATURE REVISITING THE FOUR FREEDOMS By Donald M. Bishop PHOTO: The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, located on an island in New York's East River, opened in 2012 3 • MARINE CORPS UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION • SUMMER 2019 EXCLUSIVE MCUF FEATURE Modern political warfare now includes both cyber and information operations. At MCU, Bren Chair of Strategic Communications Donald Bishop focuses his teaching and presentations on the “information” or “influence” dimension of conflict – disinformation, propaganda, persuasion, hybrid warfare – now enabled by the internet and social media. And he emphasizes that Americans, as they confront violent extremism and other threats, must know and be confident of the American values they defend. "Thanks, Grandpa, for coming to my game." Why look back at The Four Freedoms? First, in my classes at Marine Corps University, I’ve discovered that the current "I enjoyed it too, Jack. We men in our eighties don't get generation of Marines have never heard of them. Of Norman out as often as we wish. Seeing you score a run was Rockwell’s four famous paintings, they have seen only one – something. But you know, I noticed something else today. the family at Thanksgiving – and they don’t know they were "When you were at the plate, it carried me back to part of a series. Second – when Americans must articulate watching my older brother in the batter's box. You held the “what we’re for” (rather than “what we’re against”) – whether bat like he did. You have the same stance and the same in the war on terrorism or in a future of great power competi- swing. -
Public Opinion, Foreign Influences and Military Strategists: Why the United States Pursued a Europe First Strategy in World War II
Public Opinion, Foreign Influences and Military Strategists: Why the United States Pursued a Europe First Strategy in World War II Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Michael Rueger The Ohio State University April 2015 Project Advisor: Professor David Steigerwald. Department of History War strategizing is a long and complicated process that requires extensive planning and analysis. Many different factors come into play with multiple variables changing constantly. As Commander in Chief, the President of the United States is responsible for the definitive decision on war strategy and is required to make decisions in the best interests of American security. World War II proved to be quite complicated and required President Franklin D. Roosevelt to consider many options. Ultimately, Roosevelt was forced to choose between a Europe-first strategy and a Pacific-first strategy in World War II. He chose a Europe-first strategy, with three major factors heavily influencing his decision-making process. The first factor was public opinion. The American people needed to support not only entering World War II, but also the government’s decision on which Axis power to pursue first. Second, foreign representatives from all around the world met with Roosevelt and his aides in an attempt to persuade the President to follow their advice. Finally, Roosevelt’s military advisers consulted with the President and determined which war strategy made the most sense in terms of manpower, tactics, supplies, and firepower. Roosevelt had to weigh all three influences as he made the difficult decision to pursue a Europe-first strategy over a Pacific-first strategy throughout World War II. -
October 5, 2019
THE FOUR FREEDOMS AWARDS THE ROOSEVELT INSTITUTE The Four Freedoms Awards are presented to individuals and organizations whose Presents achievements have demonstrated a commitment to the principles which President Roosevelt proclaimed in his historic speech to Congress on January 6, 1941, as essential to democracy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear. The Roosevelt Institute has awarded the Four Freedoms Medals to some of the most distinguished Americans and world citizens of our time, including Presidents Truman, Carter, and Clinton; Nelson Mandela; Coretta Scott King; Arthur Miller; Desmond Tutu; and the Honorable Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The Four Freedoms Awards are presented in alternating years by the Roosevelt Institute in the U.S. and Roosevelt Stichting in the Netherlands. We are honored to host a delegation of guests from the Netherlands in Hyde Park for the 2019 awards. THE ROOSEVELT INSTITUTE Until economic and social rules work for all Americans, they’re not working. Inspired by the legacy of Franklin and Eleanor, the Roosevelt Institute reimagines the rules to create a nation where everyone enjoys a fair share of our collective prosperity. OCTOBER 5, 2019 We are a 21st century think tank, bringing together multiple generations of thinkers and leaders to help drive key economic and social debates and have local and national impact. The Roosevelt Institute is also the nonprofit partner to the FDR Presidential Library and Museum. THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum is America’s first presidential library—and the only one used by a sitting president. -
Is Over – Now What? Restoring the Four Freedoms As a Foundation for Peace and Security
The “War on Terror” Is Over – Now What? Restoring the Four Freedoms as a Foundation for Peace and Security Mark R. Shulman* As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils that we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so, to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and we are ready to lead once more. – Barack H. Obama Inaugural Address, Jan. 20, 20091 The so-called “war on terror” has ended.2 By the end of his first week in office, President Barack H. Obama had begun the process of dismantling some of the most notorious “wartime” measures.3 A few weeks before, recently reappointed Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates had clearly forsaken the contentious label in a post-election essay on U.S. strategy in Foreign Affairs.4 Gates noted this historic shift in an almost offhanded * Assistant Dean for Graduate Programs and International Affairs and Adjunct Professor of Law at Pace University School of Law. A previous iteration of this article appeared in the Fordham Law Review. -
Primary Source 1 a Cartoon Suggesting The
Primary Source 1 A cartoon suggesting the First Lady used the President for scoops that she could break in her newspaper column, when actually he often gave her ideas he was considering to test public response to it. She so liked this cartoon that she asked the cartoonist for the original. (carlanthonyonline.com) Primary Source 2 The famous New Yorker cartoon depicting coal miners as they react to the appearance of the First Lady descending towards them. (The New Yorker) http://i0.wp.com/carlanthonyonlinedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/the-famous-new-yorker- cartoon-referencing-eleanor-roosevelts-numerous-inspections-of-working-conditions-in-coal- mines.jpg?resize=684%2C719 Primary Source 3 Many critics suggested that the First Lady was behind the President’s social programs as a means of promoting an agenda of socialism and communism https://carlanthonyonlinedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/wpid-20131013_031509- e1381663287688.jpg Primary Source 4 https://carlanthonyonline.com/2013/10/13/honoring-the-first-lady-of-the-world-in-cartoons/ Primary Source 5 http://i0.wp.com/carlanthonyonlinedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/another-cartoon- referencing-the-fact-that-eleanor-roosevelt-was-rarely-in-residence-at-the-white- house.jpg?resize=700%2C1026 Primary Source 6 https://carlanthonyonline.com/2013/10/13/honoring-the-first-lady-of-the-world-in-cartoons/ Primary Source 7 https://carlanthonyonline.com/2013/10/13/honoring-the-first-lady-of-the-world-in-cartoons/ Primary Source 8 Cartoon drawn by Herbert Block, professionally known as Herblock Herblock, “Political Cartoon of ER,” Stevenson Library Digital Collections, accessed June 16, 2017, http://omekalib.bard.edu/items/show/1541. -
Four Freedoms Park Conservancy 2017 & 2018
Four Freedoms Park Conservancy 2017 & 2018 Four Freedoms Park Conservancy Board of Directors William J. vanden Heuvel, Founder & Chair Emeritus • Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., Honorary Chair Barbara Shattuck Kohn, Chair • Sally Minard, Vice Chair • Alison M. von Klemperer, Secretary William R. Griffith, Treasurer • Clark Copelin • John S. Dyson • Barbara Georgescu • David Handler Donald B. Hilliker • Warren Hoge • Eduardo Jany • Jessica S. Lappin • Richard Lorenti • David A. Paterson James S. Polshek, Emeritus • Katrina vanden Heuvel • Chris Ward • William Whitaker, Ex Officio Four Freedoms Park Conservancy operates, maintains, and programs Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms State Park to the highest standard. As steward of this extraordinary civic space designed by Louis I. Kahn, the Conservancy advances President Roosevelt’s legacy and inspires, educates, and engages the public in the ideals of the Four Freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. The Conservancy does this by: • safeguarding the memorial as a space for inspired use • fostering community and understanding • igniting conversation about human rights and freedoms today Connect with us and join the conversation: facebook.com/fdrfourfreedomspark | @4freedomspark | fdrfourfreedomspark.org New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Rose Harvey, Commissioner Table of Contents A Message from Four Freedoms Park Conservancy Leadership 2 A Message from NY State Parks Commissioner Rose Harvey 3 Board Spotlight: Eduardo Jany 4 Park Visitorship 2013-2018: 1,000,000 & Counting 5 Planning for the Future: Preserving an Architectural 6 Masterpiece in the East River Inspiring the Next Generation Through FDR's Four Freedoms 8 Public Programs & Events at FDR Four Freedoms State Park 12 Four Freedoms Exemplars Lifetime Achievement Awards: 14 Honoring Tom Brokaw & William J.