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Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Updated January 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21534 SUMMARY RS21534 Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy January 27, 2020 The Sultanate of Oman has been a strategic partner of the United States since 1980, when it became the first Persian Gulf state to sign a formal accord permitting the U.S. military to use its Kenneth Katzman facilities. Oman has hosted U.S. forces during every U.S. military operation in the region since Specialist in Middle then, and it is a partner in U.S. efforts to counter terrorist groups and related regional threats. The Eastern Affairs January 2020 death of Oman’s longtime leader, Sultan Qaboos bin Sa’id Al Said, is unlikely to alter U.S.-Oman ties or Oman’s regional policies. His successor, Haythim bin Tariq Al Said, a cousin selected by Oman’s royal family immediately upon the Sultan’s death, espouses policies similar to those of Qaboos. During Qaboos’ reign (1970-2020), Oman generally avoided joining other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman) in regional military interventions, instead seeking to mediate their resolution. Oman joined the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State organization, but it did not send forces to that effort, nor did it support groups fighting Syrian President Bashar Al Asad’s regime. It opposed the June 2017 Saudi/UAE-led isolation of Qatar and did not join a Saudi-led regional counterterrorism alliance until a year after that group was formed in December 2015. -
Bibliography
2406_CH05.qxd 5/19/08 4:49 PM Page 261 Bibliography Unpublished material (i) Official records in the National Archives (N – formerly Public Record Office (PRO)): Records of the British Council (BW) BW 49/13 BW 49/17 Representative’s Annual Reports BW 82/9 British Council Quarterly Reports Records of the Colonial Office CO 730 Original Correspondence Iraq Records of the Foreign Office (FO): FO 60 General Correspondence Persia before 1906. FO 248 Embassy and Consulates General Correspondence, Iran (formerly Persia) FO 251 Consulates and Legations, Iran (formerly Persia): Miscellanea. FO 366 Record’s of the Chief Clerk’s Department. FO 371 Political Departments: General Correspondence from 1906. FO 424 Confidential Print, Turkey. FO 881 Confidential Print Numerical Series. FO 918 Ampthill Mss. Records of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) FCO Services, Croydon: Property Management Department Register of Overseas Properties Vol. 1 Records of the Office of Works (WORK) Work 10 (ii) Records of the Government of India in the British Library India Office Records (IOR) Letters/Political and Secret (L/PS) EUR F 111/156, Curzon collection mss. MSS Eur. F111/531, Summary of the Principle events and measures of the Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon in the Foreign Department, 1 January 1899–April 1904: Volume IV Persia and the Persian Gulf 1907. 2406_CH05.qxd 5/19/08 4:49 PM Page 262 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY P381 Bombay Political Proceedings Introduction to East India Company correspondence on G/29 in the Old India Office, British Library. (iii) Records of the British Embassy Muscat British Embassy, Muscat file 3/TIME/M of 3 October 1993 et seq. -
Suez 1956 24 Planning the Intervention 26 During the Intervention 35 After the Intervention 43 Musketeer Learning 55
Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd i 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East Louise Kettle 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiiiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Louise Kettle, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/1 3 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 3795 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 3797 4 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 3798 1 (epub) The right of Louise Kettle to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iivv 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Learning from History 1 Learning from History in Whitehall 3 Politicians Learning from History 8 Learning from the History of Military Interventions 9 How Do We Learn? 13 What is Learning from History? 15 Who Learns from History? 16 The Learning Process 18 Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 21 2. -
The Arabian Peninsula in Modern Times: a Historiographical Survey of Recent Publications J.E
Journal of Arabian Studies 4.2 (December 2014) pp. 244–74 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2014.979080 The Arabian Peninsula in Modern Times: A Historiographical Survey of Recent Publications J.E. PETERSON Abstract: Writing on the history of the Arabian Peninsula has grown considerably in recent years and this survey — an updating of an earlier examination — cites and describes the publications in Western languages since 1990 that deal with the Peninsula’s history, historiography, and related subjects. It loosely categorizes the literature according to subject and assesses the state of the art during this time period. It also includes some personal observations of the author on the progress and direction of writing on the Arabian Peninsula. Keywords: Arabian Peninsula, Gulf, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, history, historiography, country studies, biography, boundaries, military, economic history, social history, cultural history, diplomatic history, foreign policy, Britain, USA, Islam, Wahhabism, Islamic sects, Indian Ocean studies, Hadramawt, Jews in Yemen 1 Introduction In an article published in 1991, I wrote that “The outlines of Arabia’s modern history are well known. It is the underlying firmament that remains terra incognita.”1 To be sure, much of the ter- ritory still remains unknown or unexplored, but, on the positive side, significant inroads have been made over the two decades since then. This survey is an update of that earlier article. The review of recent literature not only reflects an augmentation of publications but a (seemingly paradoxical) broadening and narrowing of focus. I remarked in the earlier essay that much of the literature was descriptive or narrative. -
Iran and the Gulf Military Balance - I
IRAN AND THE GULF MILITARY BALANCE - I The Conventional and Asymmetric Dimensions FIFTH WORKING DRAFT By Anthony H. Cordesman and Alexander Wilner Revised July 11, 2012 Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy [email protected] Cordesman/Wilner: Iran & The Gulf Military Balance, Rev 5 7/11/12 2 Acknowledgements This analysis was made possible by a grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation. It draws on the work of Dr. Abdullah Toukan and a series of reports on Iran by Adam Seitz, a Senior Research Associate and Instructor, Middle East Studies, Marine Corps University. 2 Cordesman/Wilner: Iran & The Gulf Military Balance, Rev 5 7/11/12 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 6 Figure III.1: Summary Chronology of US-Iranian Military Competition: 2000-2011 ............................... 8 CURRENT PATTERNS IN THE STRUCTURE OF US AND IRANIAN MILITARY COMPETITION ........................................... 13 DIFFERING NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 17 US Perceptions .................................................................................................................................... 17 Iranian Perceptions............................................................................................................................ -
The Anglo-Omani Society Review 2018
REVIEW 2018 THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY REVIEW 2018 COVER PHOTO: RAF Red Arrows flying over the Arches of Oman REVIEW 2018 Photo Credit: Julian Glyn-Owen THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY CONTENTS 6 CHAIRMAN’S OVERVIEW 65 MUSCAT IN SEVILLE 9 AWARD OF ORDER TO COL. NIGEL KNOCKER 66 ANGLO-OMANI LUNCHEON 2017 10 THE ARCHES OF OMAN 69 THE SOCIETY’S GRANT SCHEME 15 DUQM – WHERE IT ALL BEGAN 70 AOS LECTURE PROGRAMME 18 THE GROWING PROBLEM OF PLASTICS 72 ARABIC LANGUAGE SCHEME POLLUTING OUR OCEANS 75 GAP YEAR SELECTION PROCESS 76 GAP YEAR SCHEME REPORT 20 OMAN’S SPECIAL SEAS: DIVING IN THE HALLANIYAT ISLANDS 25 VISIT TO OMAN BY THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES THE PRINCE OF WALES AND THE DUCHESS OF CORNWALL 80 NEW GENERATION GROUP 29 OMAN’S WHALES, DOLPHINS AND TURTLES 91 YOUTH ENGAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR 34 MAJLIS AL JINN – ‘THE MOST BEAUTIFUL IN THE SULTANATE LARGE CAVE IN THE WORLD’ 93 ENTREPRENEURIAL IDENTITIES 40 THE SOOTY FALCON: A FLAGSHIP SPECIES FOR BIRD CONSERVATION IN OMAN 96 MUSCAT AIRPORT 44 ‘CORRIDORS OF POWER’ – AN ART EXHIBITION 99 AOS INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME: BY OMANI ARTIST EMAN ALI MEET OUR ALUMNI! 48 DHOFAR – OMAN BOTANIC EXPEDITION 2018 102 RENAISSANCE DAY CELEBRATIONS “OMAN: LAND OF PEACE” 53 MUSCAT TO SALALAH – CROSS COUNTRY CYCLING RECORD ATTEMPT 105 OMAN’S APPROACH TO CLIMATE CHANGE 56 OMAN STATE COUNCIL DELEGATION 108 HEALTHCARE IN OMAN: 1970-2050 MARCH 2018 111 OMANI SOCIAL MEDIA, THE NEXT GENERATION 58 OMAN AND ITS NEIGHBOURS 113 OBITUARY – THE HON. IVOR LUCAS, CMG 60 THE OMANI-BRITISH BUSINESS COUNCIL 115 THE HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY 62 BP’S AL KHAZZAN PROJECT BUILDING OMAN’S FUTURE 117 BOOK REVIEWS 3 REVIEW 2018 THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY Society Address 34, Sackville Street, London W1S 3ED +44 (0)20 7851 7439 Patron www.angloomanisociety.com HM Sultan Qaboos bin Said Advertising Christine Heslop 18 Queen’s Road, Salisbury, Wilts. -
THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY REVIEW 2019 W&S Anglo-Omani-2019-Issue.Indd 1
REVIEW 2019 THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY REVIEW 2019 WWW.WILLIAMANDSON.COM THE PERFECT DESTINATION FOR TOWN & COUNTRY LIVING W&S_Anglo-Omani-2019-Issue.indd 1 19/08/2019 11:51 COVER PHOTO: REVIEW 2019 Jokha Alharthi, winner of the Man Booker International Prize WWW.WILLIAMANDSON.COM THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY CONTENTS 6 CHAIRMAN’S OVERVIEW 62 CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE 9 NEW WEBSITE FOR THE SOCIETY 64 OMAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST INFRASTRUCTURE BOOM 10 JOKHA ALHARTHI AWARDED THE MAN BOOKER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE 66 THE GULF RESEARCH MEETING AT CAMBRIDGE 13 OLLIE BLAKE’S WEDDING IN CANADA 68 OMAN AND ITS NEIGHBOURS 14 HIGH-LEVEL PARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGES 69 5G NATIONAL WORKING GROUP VISIT TO UK 16 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OMANI- 70 OBBC AND OMAN’S VISION 2040 BRITISH RELATIONS IN THE 19TH CENTURY 72 GHAZEER – KHAZZAN PHASE 2 18 ARAB WOMEN AWARD FOR OMANI FORMER MINISTER 74 OLD MUSCAT 20 JOHN CARBIS – OMAN EXPERIENCE 76 OMANI BRITISH LAWYERS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL LONDON RECEPTION 23 THE WORLD’S OLDEST MARINER’S ASTROLABE 77 LONDON ORGAN RECITAL 26 OMAN’S NATURAL HERITAGE LECTURE 2018 79 OUTWARD BOUND OMAN 30 BATS, RODENTS AND SHREWS OF DHOFAR 82 ANGLO-OMANI LUNCHEON 2018 84 WOMEN’S VOICES – THE SOCIETY’S PROGRAMME FOR NEXT YEAR 86 ARABIC LANGUAGE SCHEME 90 GAP YEAR SCHEME REPORT 93 THE SOCIETY’S GRANT SCHEME 94 YOUNG OMANI TEACHERS VISIT BRITISH SCHOOLS 34 ISLANDS IN THE DESERT 96 UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF OMAN’S YOUTH 40 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EARLY ISLAM IN OMAN 98 NGG DELEGATION – THE NUDGE FACTOR 44 MILITANT JIHADIST POETRY -
The Future of Military Maneuvers MSPO 2016
[ A Specialized Monthly Journal On Military & Strategic Affairs ] 45th Year | Issue No. 536 | September 2016 MSPO 2016: Setting Sights on Future Driverless Technology: The Future of Military Maneuvers H.H. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Attends Graduation of the First Military Training Course for Female Students Issue File Human Values and Principles: The Essence of Planning and Performance in the UAE Armed Forces CYBER REDUCE CYBER RISK Raytheon takes a solutions-oriented approach to addressing advanced persistent threats. Our end-to-end capabilities leverage decades of cyber and intelligence experience – and help organizations, government agencies and nations worldwide confidently navigate the cyber domain. RaytheonCyber.com @RaytheonCyber Raytheon Cyber © 2016 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. 16IIS490_Cyber_NationShield_Sept.indd 1 8/19/16 3:27 PM Ensuring the Security and Stability of Yemen through the UAE Armed Forces Lt. General Hamad Mohammed Thani Al Rumaithi, Chief of Staff of the UAE Armed Forces, recently paid a highly important inspection visit to the UAE forces participating in the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in Yemen. He conveyed the regards of the UAE leaders to the troops stationed in Aden and Mukalla and wished them By: success for their mission. This visit involved vital dimensions and implications that cannot be overlooked, Staff Lieutenant Colonel including the emphasis on the success of our Armed Forces to extend their control over areas where they are stationed, and anchor security and stability in these re- Yousef Juma Al Haddad gions. This is a significant security achievement of our heroes participating within Editor in Chief the Arab Coalition Forces. [email protected] Accompanied by a group of senior army officers, Lt. -
The Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War Oman
Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -7325 • Fax: 1 (202) 457 -8746 Web: www.csis.org/burke The Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War Oman Anthony H. Cordesman Khalid R. Al -Rodhan Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy Visiting Fellow [email protected] [email protected] Working Draft for Review and Comments Revised: June 28, 2006 Cordesman & Al -Rodhan: The Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars Oman 6/28/06 Page 2 In troduction Oman is a significant military power by Gulf standards, although its strength lies more in the quality of its military manpower and training than its equipment strength and quality. It also occupies a unique strategic location in the lower Gulf. As Map 1 shows, Oman controls the Mussandam Peninsula, and its waters include the main shipping and tanker routes that move in and out of the Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz. Its base at Goat Island is almost directly opposite of Iran’s base and port a t Bahdar Abbas. Oman would almost certainly play a major role in any confrontation or clash between Iran and the Southern Gulf states. The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important oil chokepoint, and the US Energy Information agency reports that some 17 million barrels of oil a day move through its shipping channels. These consist of 2 -mile wide channels for inbound and outbound tanker traffic, as well as a 2 -mile wide buffer zone. -
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Updated March 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21534 Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Summary The Sultanate of Oman has been a strategic ally of the United States since 1980, when it became the first Persian Gulf state to sign a formal accord permitting the U.S. military to use its facilities. Oman has hosted U.S. forces during every U.S. military operation in the region since then, and it is a partner in U.S. efforts to counter regional terrorism and related threats. Oman’s ties to the United States are unlikely to loosen even after its ailing leader, Sultan Qaboos bin Sa’id Al Said, leaves the scene. Qaboos underwent cancer treatment abroad during 2014-2015, and his frail appearance in public appearance fuels speculation about succession. He does continue to meet with visiting leaders, including Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on October 25, 2018, the first such visit by Israeli leadership to Oman in more than 20 years. Oman has tended to position itself as a mediator of regional conflicts, and generally avoids joining its Gulf allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman) in regional military interventions such as that in Yemen. Oman joined the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State organization, but it did not send forces to that effort, nor did it support groups fighting Syrian President Bashar Al Asad’s regime. It refrained from joining a Saudi-led regional counterterrorism alliance until a year after that group was formed in December 2015, and Oman opposed the June 2017 Saudi/UAE isolation of Qatar. -
The a to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence by Ephraim Kahana and Muhammad Suwaed, 2009
OTHER A TO Z GUIDES FROM THE SCARECROW PRESS, INC. 1. The A to Z of Buddhism by Charles S. Prebish, 2001. 2. The A to Z of Catholicism by William J. Collinge, 2001. 3. The A to Z of Hinduism by Bruce M. Sullivan, 2001. 4. The A to Z of Islam by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2002. 5. The A to Z of Slavery & Abolition by Martin A. Klein, 2002. 6. Terrorism: Assassins to Zealots by Sean Kendall Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 2003. 7. The A to Z of the Korean War by Paul M. Edwards, 2005. 8. The A to Z of the Cold War by Joseph Smith and Simon Davis, 2005. 9. The A to Z of the Vietnam War by Edwin E. Moise, 2005. 10. The A to Z of Science Fiction Literature by Brian Stableford, 2005. 11. The A to Z of the Holocaust by Jack R. Fischel, 2005. 12. The A to Z of Washington, D.C. by Robert Benedetto, Jane Dono- van, and Kathleen DuVall, 2005. 13. The A to Z of Taoism by Julian F. Pas, 2006. 14. The A to Z of the Renaissance by Charles G. Nauert, 2006. 15. The A to Z of Shinto by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2006. 16. The A to Z of Byzantium by John H. Rosser, 2006. 17. The A to Z of the Civil War by Terry L. Jones, 2006. 18. The A to Z of the Friends (Quakers) by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2006 19. -
Rnzac Old Comrades Association
RNZAC ASSOCIATION CANTERBURY BRANCH NEWSLETTER #185 March 2019 Meetings Happy Hour: Thursday 2 April 2020 at 1700 hrs at the Papanui RSA Next Happy Hour: Thursday 7 May 2020 at 1700 hrs, Papanui RSA. Whose is it? Social Events BBQ Sunday 8 March 2020. What a wonderful outing. The barbecue was held at Bruce and Meri Tweedy’s home at Greenpark near Lincoln. Many things stood out. The first was the weather. One could not have asked for a more pleasant day: sunny but not too hot. Another was the lovely venue. Meri is a very enthusiastic gardener and the garden was, as several people commented, “a very colonial English Country Garden” setting. It was beautiful and Bruce had done a good job on the lawns as well. The food was excellent: more of a banquet than a barbecue. Thanks to all those who brought along such wonderful food, and to our Chef Westy for his excellent preparation and cooking of the meat. 25 people attended. It was good to see Steve Thompson from Versailles, and as can be imagined, many a good tale told. Problems of the world were sorted and everyone enjoyed thoroughly themselves. Thank you to all those who came along and a special thank you to Bruce and Meri who were such good hosts. Events Past and Future SITREP from CPL Clem Williams, QAMR, QUEEN ALEXANDRA'S MOUNTED RIFLES, RNZAC [email protected] 9 Feb 20 First let me start with greetings to all as this is the first correspondence for the year, and what a busy year we are shaping up for: Exercises in and out of country and overseas duties.