Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption This book explores how tourism co-opts, constructs, and distorts animal identi- ties. In the context of ever-increasing mobility, the continued loss of biodiversity, and climate change, the ethics of eating animals will continue to be a critical topic for consideration. This book explores a range of ethical issues associated with the production and consumption of animal foods for tourism. It highlights the different ways in which animals are valued and utilised within different cultural and economic contexts. The heritage and current practices of eating animals in tourism are illus- trated using a variety of perspectives and international case studies. Contributors explore how tourism and eating animals fuel one another, making it even more imperative for individuals and collective institutions to define and perhaps (re) consider their ethical positions. This is a timely contribution that will appeal to scholars, students and advocates interested in animal studies, food, tourism, geog- raphy, environmental studies, sociology, law and the political sciences. Carol Kline is an Associate Professor of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Appalachian State University in the Department of Management. Her research interests focus broadly on tourism planning and development and tourism sustain- ability, but cover a range of topics such as foodie segmentation, craft beverages, agritourism, wildlife-based tourism, animal ethics in tourism, tourism entrepre- neurship, niche tourism markets, and tourism impacts to communities. Routledge Ethics of Tourism Series edited by Professor David Fennell This series seeks to engage with key debates surrounding ethical issues in tour- ism from a range of interdisciplinary perspectives across the social sciences and humanities. Contributions explore ethical debates across socio-cultural, ecologi- cal, and economic lines on topics such as: climate, resource consumption, eco- tourism and nature-based tourism, sustainability, responsible tourism, the use of animals, politics, international relations, violence, tourism labour, sex tourism, exploitation, displacement, marginalisation, authenticity, slum tourism, indig- enous people, communities, rights, justice, and equity. This series has a global geographic coverage and offers new theoretical insights in the form of authored and edited collections to reflect the wealth of research being undertaken in this sub-field. 1 Animals, Food and Tourism Edited by Carol Kline 2 Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption Contested Values, Morality and Ethics Edited by Carol Kline 3 Wild Animals and Leisure Rights and Wellbeing Edited by Neil Carr and Janette Young 4 Domestic Animals, Humans, and Leisure Rights, welfare, and wellbeing Edited by Janette Young and Neil Carr Forthcoming 1 New Moral Natures in Tourism Edited by Kellee Caton, Lisa Cooke and Bryan Grimwood Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption Contested Values, Morality and Ethics Edited by Carol Kline First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Carol Kline; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Carol Kline to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-1-138-29161-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-26518-6 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii Notes on contributors ix Acknowledgements xiv Reviewer acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction: animal ethics, dietary regimes, and the consumption of animals in tourism 1 ERIK COHEN 2 Feasting on friends: whales, puffins, and tourism in Iceland 10 EDWARD H. HUIJBENS AND NÍELS EINARSSON 3 Consuming Shangri-la: orientalism, tourism, and eating Tibetan savory pigs 28 TAO ZHOU AND BRYAN GRIMWOOD 4 Who pays for our cheap meat? the impact of modern meat production on slaughterhouse workers: considerations for tourists 42 BECKY JENKINS 5 Examining the correlation between tourism and the international trade of peccary: ethical implications 58 MARINA ROSALES BENITES DE FRANCO AND JESÚS ABEL MEJÍA MARCACCUZCO 6 Eating insects and tourism: ethical challenges in a changing world 73 ROBERT TODD PERDUE vi Contents 7 Making a meal of it: a political ecology examination of whale meat and tourism 87 BENEDICT E. SINGLETON 8 Barbecue tourism: the racial politics of belonging within the cult of the pig 102 DEREK H. ALDERMAN AND JANNA CASPERSEN 9 Fat duck as foie gras? Axiological implications of tourist experiences 119 ELISE MOGNARD 10 The ethical implication of tourism on guinea pig production: the case of Cuenca, Ecuador 135 JOSÉ PRADA-TRIGO 11 Agritourism providers’ reflections on post-carbon treatment of the wild white-tail deer 149 CHRISTINA T. CAVALIERE AND RACHAEL VISCIDY 12 The metaphysical background of animal ethics and tourism in Japan 165 YOKO KITO 13 Consuming the king of the swamp: materiality and morality in South Louisiana alligator tourism 179 ADAM KEUL 14 Yulin Lychee and Dog Meat Festival: a shift in focus 193 HANNAH BROWN 15 Abstracting animals through tourism 208 CAROL KLINE Index 218 Figures 2.1 The puffin as a delicacy to be tried while also marketed to be viewed (alive) on the same page 15 2.2 Visitors going whale watching in Iceland from Húsavík, Reykjavík and other places 16 2.3 Puffin and sea-bird watching tour heading to Ingólfshöfði, SE Iceland 17 2.4 Collage of puffins from Icelandic souvenir shops 18 5.1 Peccaries 59 5.2 Indigenous communities and regions providing peccary bushmeat 62 7.1 An advertising sign on the main tourist street in Reykjavik, Iceland 92 8.1 Pork barbecue sauce regions of South Carolina 108 10.1 Location of Cuenca 139 11.1 Tourism and hospitality connections to the white-tail 150 11.2 Stakeholder motivations and ethical considerations summary 161 Tables 2.1 Key indicators of tourism growth in Iceland, 2009 and 2014 12 2.2 Harvesting of whales and puffins, 2009–2014 14 5.1 International trade of collared peccary and white-lipped peccary, 1986–2011 63 5.2 Main regions of origin for collared peccary and white-lipped peccary bushmeat 66 5.3 United Nations World Tourism Organization Global Code of Ethics of Tourism 67 5.4A Surveys carried out on September 23–28, 2016 at 28 restaurants in Lima 70 9.1 Characteristics of ‘tourist-eaters’ interviewees 124 9.2 Relationships between changes in attitudes toward ‘naturality’ of force-feeding and socio-demographic and tourist experiences variables 127 9.3 Relationships between changes in attitudes toward ‘culturality’ of force-feeding and socio-demographic and tourist experiences variables 129 10.1 Technical sheet of the research 141 10.2 Average rating of motivations for consumption of guinea pig by local and visitors, applying ANOVA (significance) and the Brown–Forsythe test 143 10.3 Knowledge of the origin, consideration, and satisfaction with the guinea pig by Cuencanos and visitors, applying ANOVA (significance) and the Brown–Forsythe test 144 Notes on contributors Jesús Abel Mejìa Marcacuzco is an agricultural engineer with a Master’s Degree in Water Resources Engineering from the Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina-UNALM, Peru. Master in Hydrology obtained at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium. Doctor of Hydraulic Engineering obtained at the Univer- sity of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Expert in Water Resources and Environment related with ecosystems services. Derek Alderman is Professor of Geography at the University of Tennessee, where he teaches and conducts research on the cultural and historical geog- raphies of the American South. His specific areas of interest include African American history and memory, the politics of southern heritage and identity, and the tourism landscape as an arena for struggles over social justice and racial belonging. Dr. Alderman is a co-founder of the RESET (Race, Ethnicity, and Social Equity) Initiative and the (co)author of over 110 peer-articles, chap- ters, and other essays published in journals such as Current Issues in Tourism, Journal of Heritage Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Tourism Geographies, Tourism Recreation Research, and Tourist Studies. Hannah Brown is a solicitor specializing in animal advocacy and litigation. She is the Legal and Project Manager for the Association of Lawyers for Animal Welfare (a UK-based organization of lawyers working for the benefit of the animal protection community) and leads a number of projects seeking to better animal protection law through legislative and judicial engagement.