PNT Monografia

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PNT Monografia M U S E U N A C I O N A L UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL LABORATÓRIO DE DO RIO DE JANEIRO ARACNOLOGIA Levantamento da Araneofauna (Arachnida: Araneae) Do Parque Nacional da Tijuca Thiago da Silva Moreira Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas Modalidade Zoologia Orientadores: Prof. Dr. Adriano Brilhante Kury Prof. Dr. Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista Abril, 2006 I UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGIA MUSEU NACIONAL, UNIVERSIDADE LABORATÓRIO DE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO ARACNOLOGIA Levantamento da Araneofauna (Arachnida: Araneae) do Parque Nacional da Tijuca Thiago da Silva Moreira Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas – Modalidade Zoologia Orientadores: Prof. Dr. Adriano Brilhante Kury Prof. Dr. Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista Abril, 2006 II FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Moreira, Thiago da Silva Levantamento da Araneofauna (Arachnida Araneae) do Parque Nacional da Tijuca/ Thiago da Silva Moreira – Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/ Instituto de Biologia, 2006. (pp. I-VII, 1-120, il 1-15... xxx cm) Orientadores: Adriano Brilhante Kury, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista. Monografia (Bacharelado modalidade Zoologia) - UFRJ/ Instituto de Biologia, 2006 1. Zoologia 2. Aracnologia 3. Inventário de Fauna – Monografia I. Kury, Adriano Brilhante. II. Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira. III. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas. IV. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. V. Título - Bacharel em Zoologia. III AGRADECIMENTOS • A minha mãe e meu pai Vera Lúcia da Silva Moreira e Jair Borges Moreira respectivamente pelo carinho, apoio e incentivo constantes pelo exemplo de persistência, dedicação ao trabalho e de moral que me passaram não só durante meu curso, mas durante a vida. E também a minha avó, Jacyra Milagre da Silva, por ser uma segunda mãe. • Aos meus amigos (e orientadores): Adriano “adrik” Kury e Renner “Madjimboo” Baptista, por me acolherem, me passarem não só seu conhecimento científico, mas também por me ensinar através de palavras e atos, como é, como age e como se porta um cientista. • Aos professores do Laboratório de Entomologia, Jorge Luiz “Oráculo” Nessimian e Nelson “Nelsonlilson” Ferreira Junior, e do Laboratório de Carcinologia, as “tias” Maria Cristina Ostrowski de Matos e Tereza Cristina Gonçalves Silva-Ferreira, com quem tive o privilégio de conviver durante o tempo de monitoria, por me aturarem em seus respectivos laboratórios e pelo interesse demonstrado através dos bons conselhos e dos inúmeros puxões de orelha. • Aos amigos da turma que galgaram comigo o árduo caminho da graduação e, embora por caminhos diferentes, chegaram ao topo, em especial Aline dos Anjos, Amanda Ferreira, Anderson “Velho Malandro” Ferreira, Daniela Lourenço, Emile Barrias, Graziela “Grazi” Pacheco, Hélcio “Mineiro” Neto, Juliana “Madame Dedinho” Spitz, Juliana “Juju” Rego, Leandro “Seguinho” Dumas, Marcos Livio “Marcolilson” Coelho, Maria Clara Telhado, Thiago “Albuca” Albuquerque e Thiago “Pão de Queijo” Guimarães, por saberem perdoar as faltas desse amigo desnaturado e estarem sempre presentes. • Aos colegas e amigos do Bacharelado de Zoologia e monitorias de Zôo III, Felipe “Moicano” Moreira, Francisco Nilson “Chicãozinho” Costa e Silva, Isabel “Bebel” Sbragia, Márcia “Macinha” de Souza, Pedro Henrique Souza, Rafael “Rato” Curcio, Rafael “Presuntinho” Braga, Tarso “Frodo” Macedo e as irmãs Vanini e Viviani Alecrim, por todas as histórias dentro e fora da Biologia. • A “família” do Laboratório de Aracnologia do Museu Nacional, tanto pela ajuda e apoio, quanto pela amizade e carinho dispensados mesmo nos momentos mais negros da minha ainda curta estada nele: Abel “Cubanildo” Pérez, Alessandro “Sukrilhos” IV Giuponni, Aline “Biscoitinho” Melo, Amazonas “Amazing” Chagas Junior, Amanda “Amandinha” Mendes, Ana Lúcia “Anitas” Tourinho, Cláudio “Jason” Ferreira, Cristiano “Cowboy” Costa, Deives “Deivinho” Almeida, Denis “Rafa” Pedroso, Eduardo “Skull” Wienskoski, Eduardo “Guma” Vasconcelos e Luis “Shakespeare” Vaz. • Aos amigos do Museu Nacional, futuros companheiros de mestrado(assim espero!)) pelo café Gustavo “Bob” Oliveira;Juliana “Juju” Sayão; Maurílio “Po, Cadê meu dragão chines?” Oliveira e Pedro “Neo” Romano e Ronaldo “Zé Pequeno” (Paleontologia de Vertebrados) Francisco “Chiquinho” (Antropologia) Roberta “Robertinha” (Herpetologia) • Ao amigo Wallace Garradini, pelos conselhos, conversas, brigas e, principalmente, pela amizade, que mudaram muito minha visão do mundo. • Aos inúmeros amigos que fiz ao longo da minha estada na Biologia, não só na UFRJ mas por todo o Brasil que são muitos aqui para serem citados, mas que são muito importantes pra mim. • Ao Mayr, Eliana e Marcelinho, do Camping Caracol de Picinguaba, por manterem aquele paraíso sempre com cerveja gelada. • Aqueles que criaram as músicas que embalaram, não só minha graduação, como a minha vida (e continuarão embalando): Angra; Aerosmith; Bad Religion; Bee Gees; Black Sabbath; Blind Guardian; Bezerra da Silva; Deep Purple; Dire Straits, Dudu Nobre; Eric Clapton; Green Day; Helloween; Iron Maiden; Joe Satriani; Jorge Aragão; Led Zepelin; Manowar; Metallica; Midnigth Oil; Offspring; Pearl Jam; Pennywise; Pink Floyd; Queen; Sonata Arctica; Stevie Ray Vaughn; Zeca Pagodinho e inúmeros outros. • E aos meus bichinhos, simplesmente por existirem! V SUMÁRIO 1- Resumo ____________________________________________________________ 01 2- Abstract ____________________________________________________________ 02 3- Introdução __________________________________________________________ 03 3.1- Ordem Araneae _______________________________________________ 03 3.2- Área de Estudo _______________________________________________ 04 3.2.1- Localização __________________________________________ 04 3.2.2- Geologia ____________________________________________ 05 3.2.3- Clima _______________________________________________ 05 3.2.4- Flora ________________________________________________ 05 3.2.5- Fauna _______________________________________________ 06 3.2.6- Histórico _____________________________________________ 07 3.2.7- Estudos biológicos na área do PNT ________________________ 08 4- Objetivos ___________________________________________________________ 12 5- Materiais e Métodos __________________________________________________ 13 5.1- Obtenção de Dados ____________________________________________ 13 5.2- Áreas de Coleta _______________________________________________ 14 5.3- Coleta e Conservação __________________________________________ 14 5.4 – Identificação ________________________________________________ 15 6- Resultados & Discussão _______________________________________________ 17 7 - Conclusões ________________________________________________________ xx 8- Referências Bibliográficas _____________________________________________ xx Anexos ______________________________________________________________ xx 1 1- RESUMO O Parque Nacional da Tijuca (PNT) é uma das maiores florestas urbanas do mundo, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ele é uma área de grande interesse histórico e turístico, bem como localidade-tipo de dezenas de espécies de aracnídeos. Contudo, nenhum levantamento das espécies de aranhas do PNT foi realizado até o momento. Como parte desse trabalho, foi feita uma coleta intensiva (Avaliação Ecológica Rápida), durante uma semana em Janeiro de 2005, dentro das atividades de elaboração do novo Plano de Manejo do PNT. Foram usados diferentes métodos de coleta (armadilhas de queda, batida de vegetação, peneiramento de folhiço, exame de habitats específicos e coletas visuais livres), tanto em período noturno, quanto diurno, visando amostrar o maior espectro possível da araneofauna. O material foi identificado e depositado na coleção do Laboratório de Aracnologia, MNRJ. Além dessas coletas, os dados de todos os espécimes do MNRJ provenientes do PNT, juntamente com as citações encontradas durante uma revisão completa da literatura, foram adicionados a uma base de dados sobre aranhas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, previamente elaborada por R. Baptista (UFRJ) e colaboradores. Já foram identificadas para a área do PNT 308 espécies, distribuídas em 193 gêneros, incluídos em 51 famílias. O número de espécies constitui cerca de 65 % das 471 espécies registradas para o município do Rio de Janeiro na citada base de dados. Foram encontradas 173 espécies a mais do que as 135 espécies registradas previamente para o PNT, representando um incremento de 128 % em relação ao número de espécies previamente conhecidas para a área. Destaca- se a presença de um gênero e 16 espécies não descritas e machos ou fêmeas de várias espécies ainda inéditos, além da ampliação da distribuição de 116 espécies, através de novos registros para o PNT, o município, o estado, o Brasil, ou, mesmo, América do Sul. 2 2- ABSTRACT The Tijuca National Park (Parque Nacional da Tijuca, PNT) is one of the largest urban forests in the world, placed at the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is an area of great historical and touristic interest. Besides it is type locality of dozens of arachnid species. However, no inventory of its araneofauna has ever been made. As part of this study, a Rapid Ecological Assessment was performed during a whole week in January 2005, as a component of the elaboration of the PNT´s new management plan. Several collecting methods were
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