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2012: Providence, Rhode Island
The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt April 27-29, 2012 Renaissance Providence Hotel Providence, RI Photo Credits Front cover: Egyptian, Late Period, Saite, Dynasty 26 (ca. 664-525 BCE) Ritual rattle Glassy faience; h. 7 1/8 in Helen M. Danforth Acquisition Fund 1995.050 Museum of Art Rhode Island School of Design, Providence Photography by Erik Gould, courtesy of the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence. Photo spread pages 6-7: Conservation of Euergates Gate Photo: Owen Murray Photo page 13: The late Luigi De Cesaris conserving paintings at the Red Monastery in 2011. Luigi dedicated himself with enormous energy to the suc- cess of ARCE’s work in cultural heritage preservation. He died in Sohag on December 19, 2011. With his death, Egypt has lost a highly skilled conservator and ARCE a committed colleague as well as a devoted friend. Photo: Elizabeth Bolman Abstracts title page 14: Detail of relief on Euergates Gate at Karnak Photo: Owen Murray Some of the images used in this year’s Annual Meeting Program Booklet are taken from ARCE conservation projects in Egypt which are funded by grants from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Chronique d’Égypte has been published annually every year since 1925 by the Association Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth. It was originally a newsletter but rapidly became an international scientific journal. In addition to articles on various aspects of Egyptology, papyrology and coptology (philology, history, archaeology and history of art), it also contains critical reviews of recently published books. -
The Inventory Stele: More Fact Than Fiction
Archaeological Discovery, 2018, 6, 103-161 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ad ISSN Online: 2331-1967 ISSN Print: 2331-1959 The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction Manu Seyfzadeh1, Robert M. Schoch2 1Independent Researcher, Lake Forest, CA, USA 2Institute for the Study of the Origins of Civilization, College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA How to cite this paper: Seyfzadeh, M., & Abstract Schoch, R. M. (2018). The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction. Archaeological The Inventory Stele tells a story about Khufu and the Great Sphinx which Discovery, 6, 103-161. contradicts the current mainstream narrative of when the Sphinx was carved. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.62007 The story’s historical relevance has long been challenged based on its mention of names and certain details which are believed to be anachronistic to the time Received: March 6, 2018 Accepted: April 16, 2018 of Khufu. Here, we address the elements commonly cited by the critics one by Published: April 19, 2018 one and find that they are largely based on misconceptions in part due to er- rors and oversights contained in the two commonly referenced translations Copyright © 2018 by authors and and based on a missing context which relates to the economics and symbolism Scientific Research Publishing Inc. of supplying provisions to the royal house. We reconstruct a more plausible This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International scenario of why and when the text may have been originally composed and License (CC BY 4.0). who its target audience was. From our analysis we conclude that while we http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ cannot rule out a couple of minor modifications of names from the original Open Access th written version we date to the 5 Dynasty, there is no plausible reason to dis- miss the entire account recorded in this Late Period version on those grounds alone and that the events it describes appear more factual than fictitious. -
Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
Who’s Who IN ANCIENT EGYPT Available from Routledge worldwide: Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in World Politics Alan Palmer Who’s Who in Dickens Donald Hawes Who’s Who in Jewish History Joan Comay, new edition revised by Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Military History John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who’s Who in Nazi Germany Robert S.Wistrich Who’s Who in the New Testament Ronald Brownrigg Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, new edition revised by Alan Kendall Who’s Who in the Old Testament Joan Comay Who’s Who in Russia since 1900 Martin McCauley Who’s Who in Shakespeare Peter Quennell and Hamish Johnson Who’s Who in World War Two Edited by John Keegan Who’s Who IN ANCIENT EGYPT Michael Rice 0 London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 1999 Michael Rice The right of Michael Rice to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. -
Ritual Marriage Alliances and Consolidation of Power in Middle Egypt During the Middle Kingdom
Études et Travaux XXX (2017), 267–288 Ritual Marriage Alliances and Consolidation of Power in Middle Egypt during the Middle Kingdom N K Abstract: Middle Egypt is the most fertile region in the country and its provincial gover- nors were the richest and most powerful. Intermarriages between members of neighbouring nomarchic families created a strong power base, resulting in most governors gradually representing themselves in such forms and using formulae which are strictly royal. While there is no evidence that any of the governors actually challenged the authority of the king, it seems doubtful if the latter would have been pleased with the grand claims made by some of his top administrators and the royal prerogatives they attributed to themselves. The almost simultaneous end of Middle Kingdom nobility in diff erent provinces, under Senwosret III, even though presumably not everywhere at exactly the same time, appears to have been the result of a planned central policy, although each province was dealt with diff erently and as the opportunity presented itself. Keywords: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty, provincial administration, marriage and politics, crown and offi cials, usurpation of power Naguib Kanawati, Australian Centre for Egyptology, Macquarie University, Sydney; [email protected] According to two studies conducted by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture, Middle Egypt, or broadly the area between nomes 9 and 20, is the most fertile and most productive land in the country,1 and we have no reason to believe that conditions were diff erent in the Middle Kingdom. The wealth of the region in ancient times may be gauged by the richness of the tombs of its provincial governors, particularly those of Asyut, Meir, el-Bersha and Beni Hassan. -
Meresankh Iii Nile
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #13 | APRIL–MAY 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday NILE STYLE TOMBOS Living with the Enemy The Divine FALCON AHMOSE Father of a Dynasty HIEROGLYPHS Who translated them first? QUEEN FOR ETERNITY MERESANKH III NILE n 1931, German archaeologist Uvo Hölscher, digging for the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute, was excavating the ruins of the funerary temple of King Ay, just north of Ramesses III’s Itemple at Medinet Habu. Foundation deposits at the site revealed that the temple was begun by Ay during his short reign following the early death of Tut- ankhamun. Above ground, however, the next in line, Horemheb, had done a thorough job of usurp- ing the temple and its fine statuary—rubbing out Ay’s cartouches and engraving his own. Discovered in the dusty rubble were two co- lossal, striding red quartzite statues, originally thought to have flanked a temple doorway. While they had sustained damage, the faces were, thankfully, largely intact. At the time, Uvo Hölscher made it fairly clear as to who he thought the two statues belonged: “Everywhere the names of Harmhab [Horemheb] appear over an erasure, where the name of Eye [Ay] had been carved originally and can be read with certainty in places. The face is, however, not that of Eye. Our statues were apparently made for Tutankhamon but completed, inscribed and set up under Eye and finally usurped by Harmhab.” The statue shown here went to the Egyp- tian Museum in Cairo (Inv. Cairo JE 59869), while its mate was gifted to the Oriental Institute in the division of finds (No. -
The Development of the Eastern and GIS Cemeteries at Giza During the Fourth Dynasty
THE OLD KINGDOM ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE HELD IN PRAGUE, MAY 31 – JUNE 4, 2004 Miroslav Bárta editor Czech Institute of Egyptology Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Academia Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague 2006 OOKAApodruhéKAApodruhé sstrtr ii–xii.indd–xii.indd 3 99.3.2007.3.2007 117:18:217:18:21 Contributors Nicole Alexanian, James P. Allen, Susan Allen, Hartwig Altenmüller, Tarek El Awady, Miroslav Bárta, Edith Bernhauer, Edward Brovarski, Vivienne G. Callender, Vassil Dobrev, Laurel Flentye, Rita Freed, Julia Harvey, Salima Ikram, Peter Jánosi, Nozomu Kawai, Jaromír Krejčí, Kamil O. Kuraszkiewicz, Renata Landgráfová, Serena Love, Dušan Magdolen, Peter Der Manuelian, Ian Mathieson, Karol Myśliwiec, Stephen R. Phillips, Gabriele Pieke, Ann Macy Roth, Joanne M. Rowland, Regine Schulz, Yayoi Shirai, Nigel Strudwick, Miroslav Verner, Hana Vymazalová, Sakuji Yoshimura, Christiane Ziegler © Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, 2006 ISBN 80-200-1465-9 OOKAApodruhéKAApodruhé sstrtr ii–xii.indd–xii.indd 4 99.3.2007.3.2007 117:18:217:18:21 Contents Foreword ix Bibliography xi Tomb and social status. The textual evidence 1 Nicole Alexanian Some aspects of the non-royal afterlife in the Old Kingdom 9 James P. Allen Miniature and model vessels in Ancient Egypt 19 Susan Allen Presenting the nDt-Hr-offerings to the tomb owner 25 Hartwig Altenmüller King Sahura with the precious trees from Punt in a unique scene! 37 Tarek El Awady The Sixth Dynasty tombs in Abusir. Tomb complex of the vizier Qar and his family 45 Miroslav Bárta Die Statuen mit Papyrusrolle im Alten Reich 63 Edith Bernhauer False doors & history: the Sixth Dynasty 71 Edward Brovarski The iconography of the princess in the Old Kingdom 119 Vivienne G. -
Perspectives on Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Edward Brovarski
Perspectives on Ancient Egypt Studies in Honor of Edward Brovarski Edited by Zahi Hawass Peter Der Manuelian Ramadan B. Hussein CAHIER № 40 SUPPLÉMENT AUX ANNALES DU SERVICE DES ANTIQUITÉS DE L'EGYPTE Perspectives on Ancient Egypt STUDIES IN HONOR OF EDWARD BROVARSKI CAHIER № 40 Edited by Zahi Hawass Peter Der Manuelian Ramadan B. Hussein LE CAIRE 2010 Graphic Designer Magdy Ezzeldin Director of Printing Amal Safwat (CASAE 40) 2010 © CONSEIL SUPREME DES ANTIQUITES DE L'EGYPTE, LE CAIRE, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Dar El Kuttub Registration No.9934/2010 ISBN.: 978-977-704-087-7 ISSN.: 1687-4951 IMPRIMERIE DU CONSEIL SUPRÊME DES ANTIQUITÉS CONTENTS HAWASS Zahi PREFACE ....................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... 11 NORD Del EDWARD BROVARSKI: AN EGYPTOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY ......................... 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EDWARD BROVARSKI .................................................. 23 ALLAM Schafik NOTES ON THE DESIGNATION 'ELDEST SON/DAUGHTER' (z“/z“.t smsw : ‡rμ ¢“/‡rμ.t ¢“.t) ........................................................................ 29 ALTENMÜLLER Hartwig SESCHAT, ‘DIE DEN LEICHNAM VERSORGT’, ALS HERRIN ÜBER VERGANGENHEIT UND GESCHICHTE -
Chapter Xi the Family of Mycerinus
CHAPTER XI THE FAMILY OF MYCERINUS THEdiscovery of the tombs of Hetep-heres I, the mother of Cheops, and of Meresankh 111, one of his granddaughters, and the excavation of the royal cemetery of Cheops east of his pyramid have made so much fresh material available in the last four years that the history of the royal family of Dynasty IV has had to be rewritten. The tomb of Hetep-heres I gave the connection between Dynasty III and Dynasty IV, and established the parentage of Cheops. The tomb of Meresankh III revealed the fact that Hetep-heres II, a daughter of Cheops, was fair-haired or red-haired and yielded the family relations of her line. Behind the names which have come to us, we see obscurely evidence of strife be- tween the different branches of the family, marriages and deaths, intrigues in the harems of succeeding kings, and bitter enmities. It may never be possible to work out all the details of the intricate family affairs of the dynasty, but the main outline has become much clearer than before 1924. The chief cause of strife arose undoubtedly from the plural marriages of King Cheops. Each king married a number of wives of different standing with regard to the blood royal and a number of con- cubines. The custom of brother and sister marriages was well established. No woman might ascend the throne, and in the whole course of Egyptian history down to Ptolemaic times only two queens be- came king - Sebek-neferuw of Dynasty XII and Hatshepsut of Dynasty XVIII. -
THE PRINCE KAWAB, OLDEST SON of KHUFU Rainer Stadelmann
the prince kawab, oldest son of khufu 295 THE PRINCE KAWAB, OLDEST SON OF KHUFU Rainer Stadelmann Cairo The mastaba of prince Kawab is situated in the the crown prince.5 For him no tomb was foreseen. first row of the Eastern Cemetery at Giza1 (fig. 1). When he died in the time of his father Senefru It takes the first and best place in the four rows of at Meidum, he was given a large single mastaba, double mastabas directly behind the queens’ pyra- M17, near the pyramid, without an annex for an mids, that of the queen mother Hetepheres, and unknown spouse.6 At Dahshur the great mastabas that of queen Meretyotes, most probably Kawab’s of the first row to the east of the Red Pyramid are mother (fig. 2). Therefore, and due to his titles too destroyed to allow us to decide whether they sA-niswt smsw and tAtj-jrjpʿt, “King’s Eldest Son” were conceived as double mastabas or not. The and “Vizier,” Kawab was regarded by scholars as prince Netjeraperef who had his mastaba tomb in crown prince and designated successor of Khufu.2 the second row at Dahshur is a king’s son,7 but may The four rows of eight large mastabas of the direct be of a secundogeniture, a son of a son of Sneferu, descendants of Khufu, sons and daughters, were like most probably Iynofer from Dahshur South.8 constructed as double mastabas; only the enor- At Giza the double mastabas of the descendants mous mastaba of Ankhhaf, almost certainly also of Khufu were each built by joining two separate a—younger—son of Khufu—not of Sneferu—who mastabas into one of double size with a contin- became vizier and master builder of Chephren’s uous casing on the east and west fronts (fig. -
Dynasty 4 the Private Tombs of the : 2 to the South of the Pyramid Of
2 : The Private Tombs of the 4th Dynasty Tomb of Queen Khentkawes . To the south of the Pyramid of Menkaure', lies three smaller and incomplete pyramids. The largest was probably built for Menkaure's principal wife. A granite sarcophagus was recovered from the central tomb, which contained the bones of a young woman. This tomb is to the south of the main pyramids of Giza. She is thought to have been married to Shepseskaf, who was the last 4th Dynasty pharaoh and the son of Menkaure'. The is believed to have later married a high priest of Re, the sun-god, when the male line of the dynasties was very weak. She was the mother to a number of kings who are buried in Abu Sir and Saqqara. She acted as the link between the 4th and 5th Dynasties. Her tomb is a -١ - Egyp. Monuments huge sarcophagus and is linked to a mortuary temple. The temple is cut out of the limestone. Tomb of Meresankh III . Meresankh III was a daugh ter of Kawab and Hetepheres II, and thus a grand-daughter of Kheops, during whose reign she was born. Although her father never became a king, she bore the title "daughter of the king" among indicate that this title may not be taken too her titulary. This may literally and may perhaps also mean "grand-daughter of the king". This may, however, also be explained by the fact that Meresankh became the step-daughter of king Djedefre, after the death of her father. She was married to her uncle, Khefren, with whom she had as sons Nebemakhet, Niuserre, Khenterka and Duaenre. -
Statue Attributes of the Old Kingdom Queens
International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality Vol. (12), No. (2/2), September, 2018 By: Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt Statue Attributes of the Old Kingdom Queens Rehab Elsharnouby Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-Mansoura University Abstract The Ancient Egyptian traditions respect women immensely. Women in Ancient Egypt have legal rights and enjoy an amazing margin of freedom far more than any other ancient civilization. They were perceived and respected legally as almost equal to men. Some women were privileged by being members of the royal family as queens and princesses. Queens held a special position in the Old Kingdom, which was conveyed through their monuments and titles and their distinct sculpture characteristics and features. After studying all the available queens’ statues in the Old Kingdom (from the Third to the Sixth Dynasty), which had forty seven different queens, the researcher unfortunately found only seventeen statues. Consequently, the research presents a complete descriptive study of those seventeen queens’ statues in the Old Kingdom. Eleven sculptures were apportioned to the Fourth Dynasty, two from the Fifth Dynasty and four royal female statues from the Sixth Dynasty. Afterwards, this study recognizes specific iconographical attributes, which differentiate the attributes of queens from the non-royal ones, such as attitudes and gestures, hairstyles, costumes, statue’s sizes, materials and the inscriptions on those available sculptures. Finally, the study concludes by recapping the most important results of our study. Keywords: Statue, Sculpture, Queen, King, Dress, Wig, Fragments, Size, Materials, Inscriptions. Introduction The Ancient Egyptian traditions respect women immensely. Women in Ancient Egypt have legal rights and enjoy an amazing margin of freedom far more than any other ancient civilization. -
Diadem Industry
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 5 Issue5 October 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 86: Diadem Industry Galal Ali Hassaan Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Email: [email protected] Abstract: th This paper is the 86 research paper in a series investigating the evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt. It investigates the head-diadems industry during a time span from Naqada II to New Kingdom Periods of ancient Egypt. It presents samples and characteristics of diadems from Naqada II, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom. The type, design, ornaments and present location are all investigated. Keywords — Mechanical engineering, ancient Egypt, diadem industry, Naqada II to New Kingdom Periods. Egyptian Museum at Cairo. The designer shoed I. INTRODUCTION Nofret wearing a simple colored diadem [3]. Harris (2018) in his Master of Arts Thesis presented the This is the 86 paper in a series of research bust statue of Queen Nefertiti, wife of Pharaoh papers aiming at exploring the role of ancient Akhenaten of the 18th Dynasty with a simple Egyptians in the evolution of mechanical diadem on her tall blue crown. He presented a engineering. The paper focuses on the production carved relief for an Old Kingdom Princess wearing and use of diadems in ancient Egypt. a floral diadem, a head diadem from the End of Durham (1946) in his paper about Egyptian Naqada II (3200 BC), line diagram of a diadem diadem of the Old Kingdom presented a diadem in from the 5th Dynasty, relief for Sit-hedj-Hotep and the Museum of Fine Art found in the chief burial sit-kheper-ka wearing diadems from the 12th chamber of a mastaba south of the tomb of Prince Dynasty, and other examples from the Old, Middle th Khufu-khef from the 5 Dynasty.