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Fishing and Fowling with the Spear and the Throw-Stick Reconsidered

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Fishing and Fowling with the Spear and the Throw-Stick Reconsidered Originalveröffentlichung in: Ulrich Luft (Hrsg.), The intellectual Heritage of Egypt, (Studia Aegyotuaca XIV), Budapest 1992, S. 157-169 157 FISHING AND FOWLING WITH THE SPEAR AND THE THROW-STICK RECONSIDERED Erika Feucht, Heidelberg The Moscow Papyrus speaks of a royal pleasure trip in the following manner: „...wives, the king's children were in jubilation..." presumably on account of Sehetepibreankh's proposal to go on a pleasure trip. The story then continues: „...proceeding happily... in a boat of faring over (the bird pool?) 1 the king's children were gathered together." The description fits the well-known scene of fishing and fowling in the marshes, as found in tomb-decoration from the Old to the New Kingdom. The nobleman, accompanied by his wife and children, is shown gliding through the marshes in a light papyrus-boat, spearing 2 1 fish and catching birds with the throw-stick. His wife stands behind or in front of him, 5 or may sit between his legs, while holding on to her husband in the swaying vessel. His 1) Cainitios, Lit.Frag., 29, B 2,1. This copy, dating from the 18th dyn., goes back to a text from the 12th dyn. 2) For the evidence not recorded here cf. LA VI, 1052 with lit.; Joachim S. Karig,DieLandschaftsdarstellungen in den Privatgrdbern des Allen Reiches, Diss. Gottingen, 1962, 120 sqq.; Vandier, Manuel IV, 715-773; Staehelin, Tracht, 250 sqq. and List 5; also Moussa-Altenmuller.Ma/ic/ic/mu/n und Chnumhotep, 58 sq. with note 110 sqq. 3) Wife standing behind the tomb-owner, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Neferirtenef. Saqqara. 5lh dyn. time of Sahure; B. van de Walle, Le mastaba de Neferirtenef, Bruxelles 1930, PI VI; Junker, Gha IV, Abb. 8 a 1. 2. Middle Kingdom: 2.1. Ukhhotep. Meir C 1. Sesostris II; Meir VI, PI. XIII (two women) fowling and spearing fish. 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 125. Hatshepsut. 3.2. TT22. Thutmoses III (?); Wresz., Atlas I, PI. 40 (2x). 3.3. TT 18. Thutmoses III; Gauthier, in: BIFAO VI (1908) PI. XI; Wresz.,Ai/a.s I, 117. 3.4. TT39. Thutmoses III; Davies,Pujemre I, PI. IX. 3.5. TT92. Amenophis II; Baud,Dcw/Vo, MIFAO LXIII, PI. XXI; Wresz., Ar/aj 1,294. 3.6. TT69. Thutmoses IV; Albert Champdor, Die altdgyptische Malerei, Leipzig 1957, S. 19. 3.7. TT 165. Thutmoses IV (?); Baud, op.cil., PI. XXX. 3.8. Nebamun. Thutmoses IV; BM 37,977. 4) Wife standing in fromt of the tomb-owner, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Nianchchnum und Chnumhotep. 5 dyn., time of Niuserre and Menkauhor; Moussa-Altenmiiller, op.cit.,P\.4&5. 2. Middle Kingdom: 2.1. Ukhhotep. Meir C 1. Sesostris II; cf.n.3.2.1. (spearing fish, 2 women) 158 6 7 sons and daughters may be depicted standing in front or behind their father, though in 8 some cases a son or daughter sits between the father's legs. The children hold the birds 10 or fish which have been caught or point out the prey to their father. 5) Wife squatting between the legs of the tomb-owner, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Neferirtenef; cf. n.3.1.1 1.2. Seshemnefer. Gisa. 5th-6th dyn.; Junker, Giza XI, Abb. 60. 2. Middle Kingdom: 2.1. Khnumhotep. Beni Hassan. 12,h dyn.; LD II, Bl. 130; Bent Hasan I, PI. XXXIV and Uric. VII, 39. 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 123. Thutmoses III; Text: Urk. IV, 917. 3.2. TT 52. Thutmoses IV; Wresz.,Atlas I, PI. 174; Davies, Nakht, PI. 22-24; Text: Urk. IV, 1605. 6) Child standing in front of tomb-owner, eg.: a. Son. 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Niankhkhnum und Khnumhotep. 5lh dyn.; cf. n.4.1.1. 1.2. Seshemnefer. Gisa. 5th-6th dyn.; cf. n.5.1.2. 1.3. Kaiemankh. Gisa. 6th dyn.; Junker, G'tza IV, Abb. 8. 1.4. Hanqu. Deir el-Gebrawi. Late 6,h dyn.; Deir el-Gebrawi II, PI. XXIII. 1.5. Ini-Snofru-ishetef. Dahshur. 6th dyn.; Dahchour II, PI. XXIV (with loin-cloth, harpooning fish and swinging throw-stick). 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 125. Hatshepsut (adult). 3.2. TT 123. Thutmoses III (adult). 3.3. TT 22. Thutmoses III (?); cf.3.3.2. (first wearing loincloth and looking forwards; second looking backwards and lifting arm towards father). 3.4. TT 18. Thutmoses III; cf. n.3.3.3. 3.5. TT39. Thutmoses III; cf. n.3.3.4. 3.6. TT 92. Amenophis II; cf. n.3.3.5. (naked, turning towards father). 3.7. TT256. Amenophis II (naked, turning towards father and presenting him an arrow; cf. n.6.3.11.-TT257) 3.8. TT69. Thutmoses IV; cf. 3.3.6. 3.9. TT 165. Thutmoses IV(?); cf. n.3.3.7. (turning towards father). 3.10. TT52. Thutmoses IV; cf. n.5.3.2. (naked, turning towards father and swinging throw-stick). 3.11. TT 257. Thutmoses IV-Amenophis III; Keimer, RdE IV (1940) PI. II (naked; turning towards father in the scene of spearing fish and presenting him an arrow; cf. n.6.3.7.-TT 257.). b. Daughter: 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 53. Thutmoses III. 3.2. TT78. Thutmoses III; Annelies und Artur Brack, Das Grab des Haremheb. ThebenNr. 78, AV35,1980, PI. 67. p. 60 and 87 (turning towards father and pointing out birds). 3.3. IT 52. Thutmoses IV; cf. n.5.3.2. (naked, turning towards father). 3.4. TT 18. Thutmoses III; cf. n.3.3.3. (dressed, seated). 7) Child standing behind the tomb-owner, e.g.: a. Son: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Henqu. Deir el-Gebrawi. late 6lh dyn.; cf. n.6.1.4. 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 125. Hatshepsut (adult). b. Daughter. 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 69. Thutmoses IV; cf. n.3.1.1. (dressed). 159 W. Westendorf, inspired by S. Freud, interpreted this scene as a sexual union between the nobleman and his wife meant to guarantee his rebirth (based on the wordplays: stj = to shoot, 11 to spear fish-stj = to impregnate and qmS = to throw-qm3 = to beget). M. Eaton-KrauB and 12 G. Graefe reject this interpretation. D. Kessler, in turn, contradicts them again. According to him, the killing of the birds and fish is to the benefit of the dead on the New Years's feast of 13 rejuvenation and the scenes depict the hieros gamos for the rejuvenation. 3.2. TT 52, Thutmoses IV; cf. n.5.3.2. (dressed; holding chicken). 8) Son squatting between legs of tomb-owner, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Neferiretenef. cf. n.3.1.1. 1.2. Ini-Snofru-ishetef. Dahshur. 6th dyn.; cf. n.6.a.l.5. (dressed with pigtail). 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 125. Hatshepsut (grown-up daughter). 9) Daughter squatting between legs of tomb-owner, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep. 5th dyn.; cf. n.4.1.1. 2. Middle Kingdom: lA.Meir VI, PI. XIII (fishing and fowling. In the scene of spearing fish with the inscription „his beloved daughter, the housewife Henutsen"). 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT 125. Hatshepsut (grown-up daughter or wife?). 3.2. TT 22. Thutmoses III (?); cf. n.3.3.2. 3.3. TT 18. Thutmoses III; cf. n.3.3.3. (dressed). 3.4. TT 39. Thutmoses III; cf. N.3.3.4. 3.5. TT Nebamun. Thutmoses IV, BM 37,977 (naked, wearing jewellery, looking backwards). 3.6. TT92. Amenophis II; cf. n.3.3.5. (dressed). 3.7. TT 69. Thutmoses IV; cf. n.3.3.6. (grown up in the fishing scene, naked, only wearing a girdle, leaning towards water). 3.8. TT 165. Thutmoses IV(?); cf. n.6.a.3.9. 3.9. Fragment from a Theban Tomb. Thutmoses IV-Amenophis III; Keimer, fl/E 34 (1951-52) 427 fig. 146 (naked, wearing jewellery and a pigtail). 10) Child pointing out prey to father, e.g.: 1. Old Kingdom: 1.1. Seshemnefer. Gisa. 5th-6th dyn.; cf. n.5.1.2. 2. Middle Kingdom: 2.1. Ukhhotep. MeirB4. 12th dyn.; Meir III, PI. VI. 3. New Kingdom: 3.1. TT78. Thutmoses III; cf. n.6.b.3.2. 3.2. TT 22. Thutmoses III(?); cf. n.3.3.2. 3.3. TT69. Thutmoses IV; cf. n.3.3.6. 11) ZAS 94 (1967), 139 sqq.; esp. 142 sqq. Followed by K. Martin, LA IV, 1052, S. Vanek, Proc. of Coll. The Archaeology, Geography and History of the Egyptian Delta in Pharaonic Times, Discussions in Eygptology, SN I, Oxford 1989, 314 sqq. Also Buchberger, contradicting without proof, GM 66 (1983), 23. 12) The Small Golden Shrine from the Tomb of Tut'ankhamun, Oxford 1985. 13) GM 90 (1986), 35 sqq. and ZAS 114 (1987), 59 sqq., esp. 84. His polemic rejection of all current interpretations and his interpretation of the scenes as episodes of the New Year's festival, without giving any Ancient Egyptian evidence pointing in that direction, is not convincing. Following Westendorf, he interprets the hunting-scene in the marshes as a hieros gamos and a rebirth in the thickets of the papyrus. At my objection that the wife of the tomb-owner, who should be present at a hieros gamos, is missing in some of the depictions, he replied that the wife's presence was not necessary since the Egyptian was familiar with the icon and would mentally add the missing link. 160 Considering the Egyptian's fondness for puns, the possibility of a pictorial wordplay should at least be considered.
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