DOCSLIB.ORG

Abd Al-Latif , 30 Abd El-Rassul , 107 Abu Sir, Fig. 1, 129–130, 167

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abd Al-Latif , 30 Abd El-Rassul , 107 Abu Sir, Fig. 1, 129–130, 167 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67598-7 - Ancient Egypt: An Introduction Salima Ikram Index More information Index Abd al-Latif , 30 Ammit, 159 , 276 fi g. 132 Abd el-Rassul , 107 Amratian , xiii Abu Sir, fi g . 1 , 129–130 , 167 Anath , 119 , 188 Abydos, fi g . 1, 29 fi g. 13 , 24 , 55 , 7 0 , 72 fi g . 36 , Amun, Amun-Re, 11 , 2 8 , 87 , 89 , 94 , 98 , 103 , 75 , 77 , 94 , 96 , 152 , 160 , 180 , 191–192 , 107–109 , 111 , 117 , 120 fi g. 61 , 123–126 , 195 , 229 , 287 128 , 138 fi g . 70 , 144 fi g. 76 , 148–149 , 171 , Abydos King List , 55 fi g . 28 , 75 188 , 232 , 189 , 294 fi g . 148 Actium , 113 Anubis , 121 fi g. 62 , 123 , 144 fi g .76 , 153 , 159 , 243 Ahhotep , 15 , 97 Anuket , 124 Ahmose , xviii , 96–97 , 182 Apamea (see Ni) , 9 8 Ahmose, son of Abana , 182 Apis Bull , 24 , 43 , 123 Aida, 44 Apopi (Apophis) , 96 akh, 155–156 Apuleius, 27 Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) , xviii , 101–104 , Arabic, 12 , 36 , 44 , 212 , 220–223 , 290 155 , 183 , 193 , 228 Archaic ( see Early Dynastic) akhet, 8 , 132 , 209 , 212 aroura , 209 Akhetaten , see Tell el-Amarna Assurbanipal , 109 Akkadian , 188 , 220 Assyria , 109–110 Alexander the Great, xxi , 35 , 37 , 111–112 Assyrian , 109–110 Alexandria, fi g . 1 , 20 fi g. 13 , 26 , 28 , 88 fi g. 43 , 93 fi g. Astarte , 119 , 188 46 , 192 , 240 , 290 fi g. 145 Aswan , fi g. 1 , 4–6 , 11 , 19 fi g. 13 , 58 , 82– 83 fi g. 42 , Amarna , see Tell el-Amarna 93 fi g. 46 Amenemhab, 58 , 98 Asyut , fi g. 1 , 10 , 79 , 226 , 297 Amenemhat I , xvi , 8 7 –88 , 92 Atbara River , 4 , 93 fi g . 46 Amenemhat III, xvi , 42 , 62– 64 fi g. 32 , 90– 91 fi g . 45, Aten , 99 , 101–103 , 155 , 191 , 193 , 195 , 228 94 , 141 Atum , 128–129 Amenemhat IV, xvi , 94 Augustus (Octavian) , 193 Amenhotep II , xviii , 98– 100 fi g. 50 , 179 Avaris , see Tell el-Dab’a Amenhotep III, xviii , 99 , 101 , 171 , 174 , 177 , 188 , 206 , 267 ba , 9 2 , 155 , 156 fi g . 82 Amenhotep, son of Hapu, 154 , 180 , 267 Baal , 9 5 , 119 , 188 Amenhotep IV, see Akhenaten baboon , 125 , 181 fi g . 94 , 227 , 231 , 256–257 , Amer, Mustafa, 45 278– 279 fi g. 135 amulets , 34 , 107 , 153 , 250 , 258 , 281– 282 fi g. 137 Babylon , 112 323 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67598-7 - Ancient Egypt: An Introduction Salima Ikram Index More information Bacchus, 27 Coptic , 29 , 30 fi g . 18 , 3 1 , 33 , 36–37 , 43 , 65 fi g. 33 , Badarian, 71 , 73 220 , 222 , 269 Bahariya Oasis, fi g . 1 , 16 , 93 fi g. 46 , 212 , 237 copper , 18–19 fi g. 13 , 90 , 119 , 133 , 244 , 252 Bahr Yusuf, 16 co-regent , 89 , 98 , 173 Bankes Obelisk, 37 corvée , 184 , 212 basalt, 17 , 19 fi g. 13 , 144 cosmogony , 128 Bastet ,123 , 152 CT-scans , 51 , 66 Behbet el-Hagar, 35 Cyrus , 239–240 Belzoni, Giovanni Battista , 39–41 Beni Hasan , fi g. 1, 215 , 231 fi g . 111 , 248 fi g. 118 , Dahshur , fi g . 1, 7 fi g .3 , 23 289 fi g. 144 Dakhla Oasis , fi g . 1 , 16 , 223 Beni Suef , 2 fi g . 1 , 10 , 107 dam , 9 Berenike , fi g . 1 , 21 Deir el-Bahari , 51 , 65 fi g. 33 , 98 , 107 , 140 fi g . 72 , Berenike (Queen), 37 143 fi g . 75 , 144 fi g . 76 , 145 fi g. 78 , 244–246 , Bes , 152–153 , 201 , 246 , 259 294 fi g. 148 bitumen , 20 , 34 Deir el-Medina , 51 , 55 , 59 , 152 , 154 , Boldinsel, Wilhelm von , 32 182–184 , 195 fi g. 98 , 195–196 , Bonaparte, Napoleon , 35 204 fi g. 102c , 239 , 266 Bonomi, Joseph , 46 demotic , 36 , 220 , 222 Bouchard, Pierre , 36 dendrochronology , 66 Breasted, James Henry , 50 Denon, Vivant , 36 Bremmer-Rhind Papyrus , 128 Deshret , 7 British Museum , 36 , 38–39 , 192 Diodorus Siculus , 26 Bulaq , 43–45 , 107 diorite , 18 , 19 fi g. 13 , 81 Bulaq Museum , 44–45 Djadjat , 90 bull , 58 , 170 , 171 , 206 , 265 Djer , xiii , 160 Burckhardt, John , 39 Djoser , xiv , 23 , 80 , 154 , 267 , 287 , 290 Burgen, Dean , 40 Djuthmose , 195 , 266 fi g . 128 Buto (Pe) , 12 , 72 fi g . 36 , 75 , 95 , 195 , 283 DNA , 66 donkey , 81 , 122 , 213 , 210 cache/cachette , 51 , 151 Drioton, Etienne , 45 Cairo University , 51 Drovetti, Bernardino , 41 Canaan, Canaanite , 94 dwarf , 253 fi g. 120 Canopic Jar , 35 , 278–279 carbon-14 (C-14) , 51 , 66 Early Dynastic , xiii , xiv , 75 , 77 , 169 , 224 Carter, Howard , 51 Edict of Theodosius , 28 Cartonnage , 59 , 280 fi g . 136 Edwards, Amelia , 45–47 Catherine de Medici , 33 Egypt Exploration Fund/Society , 47 Chad , 17 , 81 elephant , 3 , 98 , 240 fi g. 114 cenozoic , 2 Elephantine , 6 fi g . 3 , 55 , 82 , 96 , 119 , 154 , Ceres , 27 210 , 230 Champollion, J-F. , 31 , 37– 38 fi g. 21 , 42 , 216 Engelbach, Rex , 45 Chicago House , 50 Ennead , 128 Claudius Ptolemaeus , 26 ethnoarchaeology , 60 clay tablets , 226 Eugenie (Empress) , 44–45 Cleopatra VII , xxii , 113 fi g. 59 , 113–14 Eusebiaus , 26 clothes, clothing , 1 7 , 60–61 , 73 , 162 , experimental archaeology , 60– 61 fi g. 30 215 , 247–249 , 248 fi g. 118 , 245 , 279–280 , 282 Fakhry, Ahmed , 51 Code of Hermopolis , 229 Farafra Oasis , fi g . 1 , 16 , 93 fi g. 46 contendings of Horus and Seth , 138 , 159 , Fayyum Oasis , fi g. 1, 1 6 –17 , 62 , 86 , 90 , 93 fi g. 46 , 229 130–131 , 195 , 198 Index 324 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67598-7 - Ancient Egypt: An Introduction Salima Ikram Index More information Festival of the Valley , 149 Hawass, Zahi , 68 Fields of Iaru , 155 Hay, Robert , 46 First Cataract , 5 , 124 Heart Scarab , 281 First Intermediate Period, xv , 81 , 84–86 , heb-sed , 80 fi g . 41 , 140 fi g. 71 , 149 , 158 , 88 fi g. 43 , 94 , 161 , 268 , 298 174–175 , 294 fort , 36 , 9 2 , 93 fi g. 46 , 106 fi g . 55 , 187 , 229 fi g. 111 , Hebrew , 220 233 fi g . 111 Heka , 152 Four Sons of Horus , 278– 279 fi g. 135 Hekataios , 25 , 64 France , 33–36 , 41 , 45 , 105 Heliopolis , 2 fi g. 1 , 32 , 124 , 128 , 150 Francis I , 34 Helwan , fi g . 1 Froelich’s (or Frolich’s) Syndrome , 103 Hepdjefa , 293 funerary books (all) , 156 fi g. 82 , 160– 162 fi g . 85 , Heqaib , 82 , 119 , 154 224 , 276 fi g . 132 , 281 , 293 Heqanakht , 200 , 208 Herakleopolis (Ihnasiya el-Medina) , 86 , 88 fi g. Galena , fi g . 1 , 2 0 , 241 43 , 268 gas spectrometry , 50 , 66 Hermopolis (Ashmunein) , 108 , 128 Gebel Silsilah , fi g . 1 , 3 , 11 Herodotus , 1 , 25 , 27 , 3 3 , 54 , 6 3 , 85 , 293 Gebel Uwaynat , 15 Hetepheres , 256 geophysical survey , 65 el-Hibeh , fi g . 1 , 107 George (Syncellus) , 26 hieratic , 162 , 220–222 Gerzean , 71 Hierakonpolis (Nekhen) , 7 5 , 95 , 257 GIS , 66 Hinduism , 116 God’s Wife of Amun , 109 , 109 fi g . 57 , 150 , 175 hippopotamus , 3 , 73 , 96 , 152 , 295 fi g. 149 gold , 19 fi g. 13 , 20 , 20 fi g. 14 , 41 , 6 3 , 81 , 87 , 90 , Horapollo , 33 92 , 97 fi g. 48 , 133 , 169 , 247–249 , 251–254 , Horemheb , xviii , 187 fi g. 95 , 229 , 292 fi g. 147 , 279 , 280 fi g . 136 296 fi g. 150 GPS , 66 horse , 95 , 108 , 123 , 215 , 232 , 270 Great Pyramid at Giza , 25 , 27 , 31–33 , 45 , 3 9 , Horus , 81 , 109 fi g. 57 , 121 , 124–125 , 126 , 134 48–49 , 82 fi g. 68 , 136 , 140 fi g . 72 , 144 fi g . 76 , 159–160 , Great Harris Papyrus , 192 168–169 , 170 fi g . 89 , 172 fi g . 91 , 174 , 178 fi g. Greaves, John , 35 93 , 229 , 254 , 264 , 271 , 278– 279 fi g. 135 Greece , 4 , 25–27 , 36 , 56 , 7 7 , 7 9 , 96 , 110–112 , house , 9 , 61 , 73–74 , 116 , 124 , 136 , 152 , 154 , 116 , 128 , 157 , 220–221 , 226 167 , 182 , 190–195 , 197–203 , 199 fi g. 100 , Greeks , 4 , 12 , 25–27 , 36 , 56 , 77 , 79 , 96 , 112 , 202 fi g. 101 , 204 fi g. 102a–c , 243 , 257 , 260 , 116 , 128 , 157 , 187–188 , 190 , 220–221 , 266–267 , 287 , 288 fi g. 142 , 289 fi g. 144 240 , 241 , 269 , 284 , 289 , 297 Hyksos , xvii , 91 , 94–96 , 182 , 193 , 215 Greywacke , 19 fi g. 13 , 20 Gufti , 49 al-Idrisi , 31 Gulf of Suez , 21 ibis , 121 , 125 , 128 Geb , 124 , 128 , 129 fi g. 64 Ibn Wahshiyah , 31 Ihnasiya el-Medina , see Herakleopolis Hapy , 124 , 278– 279 fi g. 135 India , 21 Hadnakht , 23 Imenti , 155 , 294 Hamza, Mahmoud , 45 Imhotep , 154 , 243 , 267 , 287 Harkhuf , 58 , 82– 83 fi g. 45 Ineb-hedj , 77 ‘harem’ , 177 , 201 , 208 Ineni , 58 Hassan, Selim , 45 , 50 irrigation , 9 , 74 , 80 , 180 , 210–212 Hathor , 79 fi g. 40 , 118 , 124–125 , 152–153 , 159 , isfet , 146 , 295 175 , 243 Isis , 27–28 , 82 , 109 fi g. 57 , 124–125 , 152 , Hatshepsut , 5 6 , 99 fi g . 49 , 140 fi g. 71 , 144 fi g. 76 , 158–159 , 174–176 , 178 fi g. 93 , 243 , 254 , 145 fi g. 78 , 173 , 177 , 180 , 267 , 294 fi g.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2012: Providence, Rhode Island
    The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt April 27-29, 2012 Renaissance Providence Hotel Providence, RI Photo Credits Front cover: Egyptian, Late Period, Saite, Dynasty 26 (ca. 664-525 BCE) Ritual rattle Glassy faience; h. 7 1/8 in Helen M. Danforth Acquisition Fund 1995.050 Museum of Art Rhode Island School of Design, Providence Photography by Erik Gould, courtesy of the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence. Photo spread pages 6-7: Conservation of Euergates Gate Photo: Owen Murray Photo page 13: The late Luigi De Cesaris conserving paintings at the Red Monastery in 2011. Luigi dedicated himself with enormous energy to the suc- cess of ARCE’s work in cultural heritage preservation. He died in Sohag on December 19, 2011. With his death, Egypt has lost a highly skilled conservator and ARCE a committed colleague as well as a devoted friend. Photo: Elizabeth Bolman Abstracts title page 14: Detail of relief on Euergates Gate at Karnak Photo: Owen Murray Some of the images used in this year’s Annual Meeting Program Booklet are taken from ARCE conservation projects in Egypt which are funded by grants from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Chronique d’Égypte has been published annually every year since 1925 by the Association Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth. It was originally a newsletter but rapidly became an international scientific journal. In addition to articles on various aspects of Egyptology, papyrology and coptology (philology, history, archaeology and history of art), it also contains critical reviews of recently published books.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible Has Never Told
    Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9.1: 72-96 (2020) ______________________________________________________________________________ http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i1.4 EDITORIAL BOOK CRITIQUE: THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD AMEN: ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE THE BIBLE HAS NEVER TOLD Ọbádélé Bakari Kambon Editor-in-Chief Abstract: The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told is a book that promises to pique the interest of any reader interested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks’, mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs,’ the Akan language, and historical-linguistic connections between the three. Specifically, the book promises to deliver information about how the word imn ‘Amen,’ as attested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks,’ persists in the contemporary Akan language. While under a steady hand this should be a simple enough thesis to substantiate, unfortunately, the authors’ obvious lack of grounding in historical linguistics, their lack of knowledge of mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs’ as well as their lack of understanding the morphology (word structure) of the Akan language all mar the analyses presented in the book. Keywords: Amen, Heru Narmer, historical linguistics, folk etymology Osei, O. K., Issa, J., & Faraji, S. (2020). The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told. Long Beach, CA: Amen-Ra Theological Seminary Press. 1. Introduction In The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told, what should be an open-and-shut case is saddled with a plethora of spurious look-alikes and folk etymologies prompted by attempts to analyze one language with another without actually having studying the language to be analyzed itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egyptian Chronology.Pdf
    Ancient Egyptian Chronology HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES SECTION ONE THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST Ancient Near East Editor-in-Chief W. H. van Soldt Editors G. Beckman • C. Leitz • B. A. Levine P. Michalowski • P. Miglus Middle East R. S. O’Fahey • C. H. M. Versteegh VOLUME EIGHTY-THREE Ancient Egyptian Chronology Edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2006 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient Egyptian chronology / edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton; with the assistance of Marianne Eaton-Krauss. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East ; v. 83) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-90-04-11385-5 ISBN-10: 90-04-11385-1 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C.—Chronology. 2. Chronology, Egyptian. 3. Egypt—Antiquities. I. Hornung, Erik. II. Krauss, Rolf. III. Warburton, David. IV. Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. DT83.A6564 2006 932.002'02—dc22 2006049915 ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN-10 90 04 11385 1 ISBN-13 978 90 04 11385 5 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory Stele: More Fact Than Fiction
    Archaeological Discovery, 2018, 6, 103-161 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ad ISSN Online: 2331-1967 ISSN Print: 2331-1959 The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction Manu Seyfzadeh1, Robert M. Schoch2 1Independent Researcher, Lake Forest, CA, USA 2Institute for the Study of the Origins of Civilization, College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA How to cite this paper: Seyfzadeh, M., & Abstract Schoch, R. M. (2018). The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction. Archaeological The Inventory Stele tells a story about Khufu and the Great Sphinx which Discovery, 6, 103-161. contradicts the current mainstream narrative of when the Sphinx was carved. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.62007 The story’s historical relevance has long been challenged based on its mention of names and certain details which are believed to be anachronistic to the time Received: March 6, 2018 Accepted: April 16, 2018 of Khufu. Here, we address the elements commonly cited by the critics one by Published: April 19, 2018 one and find that they are largely based on misconceptions in part due to er- rors and oversights contained in the two commonly referenced translations Copyright © 2018 by authors and and based on a missing context which relates to the economics and symbolism Scientific Research Publishing Inc. of supplying provisions to the royal house. We reconstruct a more plausible This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International scenario of why and when the text may have been originally composed and License (CC BY 4.0). who its target audience was. From our analysis we conclude that while we http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ cannot rule out a couple of minor modifications of names from the original Open Access th written version we date to the 5 Dynasty, there is no plausible reason to dis- miss the entire account recorded in this Late Period version on those grounds alone and that the events it describes appear more factual than fictitious.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
    Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel.
    [Show full text]
  • Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
    Who’s Who IN ANCIENT EGYPT Available from Routledge worldwide: Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in World Politics Alan Palmer Who’s Who in Dickens Donald Hawes Who’s Who in Jewish History Joan Comay, new edition revised by Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Military History John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who’s Who in Nazi Germany Robert S.Wistrich Who’s Who in the New Testament Ronald Brownrigg Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, new edition revised by Alan Kendall Who’s Who in the Old Testament Joan Comay Who’s Who in Russia since 1900 Martin McCauley Who’s Who in Shakespeare Peter Quennell and Hamish Johnson Who’s Who in World War Two Edited by John Keegan Who’s Who IN ANCIENT EGYPT Michael Rice 0 London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 1999 Michael Rice The right of Michael Rice to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Dendera and Abydos Day Tour from Hurghada
    MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] Dendera and Abydos Day tour from Hurghada Type Run Duration Pick up Private Every day 1 Day 05:00 Enjoy a Private day tour Dendera temples and Abydos temples from Hurghada to,Visit the temple of Hathor,The Goddess of Love,Music and Healing then travel to Abydos to visit the temple of Osiris Inclusions: Exclusions: Private tour Dinner Private tour guide Tipping Entrance fees Lunch Itinerary: Enjoy a Private day tour Dendera temples and Abydos temples from Hurghada to Visit the temple of Hathor,The Goddess of Love,Music and Healing then travel to Abydos to visit the temple of Osiris,Abydos was one of the most important religious sites to ancient Egyptians. Much like modern Muslims hope to complete a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime, ancient Egyptians would have hopes to visit Abydos, which for them was strongly associated with the entrance into the afterlife. page 1 / 7 MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] First Day :Day1 Early morning, at 05:00 Am we will pick you up from your hotel in Hurghada by a private A.C. Car to be transferred to Abydos,Upon arrival you will meet your private tour guide who will join you to visit:Drive to Abydos temple. Abydos temple Considered one of the most important archaeological sites of Ancient Egypt, the sacred city of Abydos was the site of many ancient temples, including Umm el-Qa'ab, a royal necropolis where early pharaohs were entombed. These tombs began to be seen as extremely significant burials and in later times it became desirable to be buried in the area, leading to the growth of the town's importance as a cult site.
    [Show full text]
  • Ritual Marriage Alliances and Consolidation of Power in Middle Egypt During the Middle Kingdom
    Études et Travaux XXX (2017), 267–288 Ritual Marriage Alliances and Consolidation of Power in Middle Egypt during the Middle Kingdom N K Abstract: Middle Egypt is the most fertile region in the country and its provincial gover- nors were the richest and most powerful. Intermarriages between members of neighbouring nomarchic families created a strong power base, resulting in most governors gradually representing themselves in such forms and using formulae which are strictly royal. While there is no evidence that any of the governors actually challenged the authority of the king, it seems doubtful if the latter would have been pleased with the grand claims made by some of his top administrators and the royal prerogatives they attributed to themselves. The almost simultaneous end of Middle Kingdom nobility in diff erent provinces, under Senwosret III, even though presumably not everywhere at exactly the same time, appears to have been the result of a planned central policy, although each province was dealt with diff erently and as the opportunity presented itself. Keywords: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty, provincial administration, marriage and politics, crown and offi cials, usurpation of power Naguib Kanawati, Australian Centre for Egyptology, Macquarie University, Sydney; [email protected] According to two studies conducted by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture, Middle Egypt, or broadly the area between nomes 9 and 20, is the most fertile and most productive land in the country,1 and we have no reason to believe that conditions were diff erent in the Middle Kingdom. The wealth of the region in ancient times may be gauged by the richness of the tombs of its provincial governors, particularly those of Asyut, Meir, el-Bersha and Beni Hassan.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyses Concerning the Impossibility of Fixing a Date for Building the Great Pyramid of Khufu the Eruption
    ANALYSES CONCERNING THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF FIXING A DATE FOR BUILDING THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU THE ERUPTION الجيزة تختار عيدها القومي يوم بناء هرم خوفو الجيزة ترجئ اﻻحتفال بعيدها القومي الجديد.. ولجنة من "اﻵثار" وجامعة القاهرة للتأكد من التاريخ الجيزة تلغى اﻻحتفال بعيدها القومى »الجديد« بعد هجوم اﻷثريين على تاريخ بناء الهرم ‘......good for amateurs' speculations’ Regardless of all the above said; THE MAGNIFECENCE OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU, IS AN IMPUTUS: FOR DEEPER RESEARCH SIMPLY By analyzing the procedure in the press releases we can see: Assuming that the building project started on the first day of the flood during year one of Khufu’s reign IS SPECULATION And from available chronologies a date for Khufu’s accession CAN NEVER BE PRECISE Accordingly the heliacal rising of Sirius, (of that year), was interpolated from astronomical data by adding 30 days the river rose on DATE = 23 AUGUST BP 4479 THIS IS A CONCLUSION BASED ON UNRELIABLE EVIDENCE CONSEQUENTLY, IN MY OPENION, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO FIX A DATE FOR BUILDING THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU HOWEVER, I HAVE BEEN INFORMED THAT FURTHER RESEARCH IS UNDERWAY AIMING AT THE POSSIBILITY OF A DATE ARGUMENTS DID THE EGYPTIANS START BUILDING ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE FLOOD ? OR WERE THERE OTHER CONSIDERATIONS ? LET US REVIEW SOME HINTS ON THE GREAT PYRAMID MAGNIFISENCE It is logical to consider that a pyramid project is born with a DECISION followed by PREPARATIONS before starting. THE DECISION was made following a tradition of the royal ancestors and the capability to undertake But building the Great pyramid was more ambitious Pyramids built before king Snofru used small limestone blocks quarried locally and could be transported on donkey back At his Bent and Red pyramids building blocks became bigger and were possibly dragged on long sloping ramps.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarity Chronology: Egypt's Chronology in Sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, P1
    Clarity Chronology: Egypt's chronology in sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, p1 Clarity Chronology This Egyptian chronology is based upon the historically accurate facts in the Holy Bible which are supported by archaeological evidence and challenge many assumptions. A major breakthrough was recognizing Joseph and Moses lived during the reigns of several pharaohs, not just one. During the 18th dynasty in which Joseph and Moses lived, the average reign was about 15 years; and Joseph lived 110 years and Moses lived 120 years. The last third of Moses' life was during the 19th dynasty. Though Rameses II had a reign of 66 years, the average reign of the other pharaohs was only seven years. Biblical chronology is superior to traditional Egyptian chronology Joseph was born in 1745 BC during the reign of Tao II. Joseph was 17 when he was sold into slavery (1728 BC), which was during the reign of Ahmose I, for the historically accurate amount of 20 pieces of silver.1 Moses (1571-1451 BC) was born 250 years after the death of the Hebrew patriarch, Abraham. Moses lived in Egypt and wrote extensively about his conversations and interactions with the pharaoh of the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt; thus providing a primary source. The history of the Hebrews continued to be written by contemporaries for the next thousand years. These books (scrolls) were accurately copied and widely disseminated. The Dead Sea Scrolls contained 2,000 year old copies of every book of the Bible, except Esther, and the high accuracy of these copies to today's copies in original languages is truly astonishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharaoh Chronology (Pdf)
    Egypt's chronology in sync with the Holy Bible by Eve Engelbrite (c)2021, p1 Egypt's Chronology in Synchronization with the Bible This Egyptian chronology is based upon the historically accurate facts in the Holy Bible which are supported by archaeological evidence and challenge many assumptions. A major breakthrough was recognizing Joseph and Moses lived during the reigns of several pharaohs, not just one. During the 18th dynasty in which Joseph and Moses lived, the average reign was about 15 years; and Joseph lived 110 years and Moses lived 120 years. The last third of Moses' life was during the 19th dynasty. Though Rameses II had a reign of 66 years, the average reign of the other pharaohs was only seven years. Biblical chronology is superior to traditional Egyptian chronology Joseph was born in 1745 BC during the reign of Tao II. Joseph was 17 when he was sold into slavery (1728 BC), which was during the reign of Ahmose I, for the historically accurate amount of 20 pieces of silver.1 Moses (1571-1451 BC) was born 250 years after the death of the Hebrew patriarch, Abraham. Moses lived in Egypt and wrote extensively about his conversations and interactions with the pharaoh of the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt; thus providing a primary source. The history of the Hebrews continued to be written by contemporaries for the next thousand years. These books (scrolls) were accurately copied and widely disseminated. The Dead Sea Scrolls contained 2,000 year old copies of every book of the Bible, except Esther, and the high accuracy of these copies to today's copies in original languages is truly astonishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Meresankh Iii Nile
    NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #13 | APRIL–MAY 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday NILE STYLE TOMBOS Living with the Enemy The Divine FALCON AHMOSE Father of a Dynasty HIEROGLYPHS Who translated them first? QUEEN FOR ETERNITY MERESANKH III NILE n 1931, German archaeologist Uvo Hölscher, digging for the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute, was excavating the ruins of the funerary temple of King Ay, just north of Ramesses III’s Itemple at Medinet Habu. Foundation deposits at the site revealed that the temple was begun by Ay during his short reign following the early death of Tut- ankhamun. Above ground, however, the next in line, Horemheb, had done a thorough job of usurp- ing the temple and its fine statuary—rubbing out Ay’s cartouches and engraving his own. Discovered in the dusty rubble were two co- lossal, striding red quartzite statues, originally thought to have flanked a temple doorway. While they had sustained damage, the faces were, thankfully, largely intact. At the time, Uvo Hölscher made it fairly clear as to who he thought the two statues belonged: “Everywhere the names of Harmhab [Horemheb] appear over an erasure, where the name of Eye [Ay] had been carved originally and can be read with certainty in places. The face is, however, not that of Eye. Our statues were apparently made for Tutankhamon but completed, inscribed and set up under Eye and finally usurped by Harmhab.” The statue shown here went to the Egyp- tian Museum in Cairo (Inv. Cairo JE 59869), while its mate was gifted to the Oriental Institute in the division of finds (No.
    [Show full text]