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POSTAL HISTORY HANDBOOK of the HOLYLAND (Ottoman Palestine – Mandatory Palestine – Israel – Territories – Palestinian Authority – Related Near-East Regions)

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POSTAL HISTORY HANDBOOK of the HOLYLAND (Ottoman Palestine – Mandatory Palestine – Israel – Territories – Palestinian Authority – Related Near-East Regions) POSTAL HISTORY HANDBOOK OF THE HOLYLAND (Ottoman Palestine – Mandatory Palestine – Israel – Territories – Palestinian Authority – Related Near-East Regions) Version 0.001 (29-08-2018) Prepared by Alex Ben-Arieh, FRPSL | [email protected] (no copyrights – distribute freely) --- The document covers key dates accumulated so far, presently un-illustrated. The dates were accumulated as needed during cataloguing work, a smattering of different periods. In time the document will also include a comprehensive records of rates and routes The sources used are both printed publications as well as online sources. Please keep in mind that the content of the referred-to online sources may change over time as a result of edits, and that what once appeared may have since been removed – or additional information has since been added. - Where only a month is known this is the “date” displayed for a certain event; likewise for a year - The devil is in the details: many seemingly unneeded dates are covered because these can give circumstantial context to postal covers. - This is a non-political document: dates are not left out/events not ignored deliberately; any ‘omission’ is simply an item I have not yet had the chance to record here. - In several instances the phrasing of historical events have been copied wholesale from the source in order to just have the event recorded in this chronology – this document was prepared ‘on the fly’ during cataloguing work. - I’m aware that the Zionism-Israel.com timeline is not entirely accurate: I used it to fill in gaps in the chronology and little by little I’m trying to confirm their dates (and events) using other sources. Some abbreviations used: FB - John Firebrace: British Empire Campaigns and Occupations in the Near East, 1914-1924 – A Postal History, 1991 PO - Post Office OAS - On Active Service (military mail) HBAPS - Edward Proud: History of the British Army Postal Service TAS - Yacov Tsachor / Tel Aviv Stamps (auction catalogue/lot#) IFPL - “Israel Foreign Postal Links” by Chaim Shamir & Marvin Siegel, 1991 Aloni - Zvi Aloni: Postal Administrations of British Mandate, Minhelet Ha’am and Israel, 2015 / Chapters in the Aerophilately of Eretz Israel, 2013 (where referenced as “Aloni Airmail”) TPHTPI - (The Postal History of the Transition Period in Israel, 1948): Vol II Part I “Jerusalem and Safad Postal Services” by Zvi Shimony, Yeremiyahu Rimon & Itamar Karpovsky 10 July 1852 The French Postal ship Tancrede arrived in Jaffa and on that same day the first post office was opened by postal agent named Antonie Louis Santelli, who also initiated and founded a branch of the French post in Jerusalem. These were the first and only post offices in the area at that time. (ref: http://israelphilately.org.il/en/catalog/articles/900/Sixty%20Years%20of%20Friendship%20Israel%20France) 1 Oct 1914 French Holyland post offices were shut down as per instructions issued by the Ottoman authorities on September 19, 1914. (ref: http://israelphilately.org.il/en/catalog/articles/900/Sixty%20Years%20of%20Friendship%20Israel%20France) START: A MOMENTARY INTERRUPTION FOR EGYPT-RELATED WWI POSTAL HISTORY 1914 At outbreak of WWI British garrison in Egypt called "Force in Egypt": until it became part of EEF on 20 Mar 1916 it was not served by Army Postal Service, only by Egyptian civilian PO which was part of UPU. Rates: 5m for letter up to 20g & 4m for pc. At this time unfranked OAS mail even with officer's signatures were locally taxed. - FB 248 AUG 1914 Br. Govt announces "unpaid or short-paid letters from British Forces serving anywhere, when addressed to the UK should be surcharged at the single inland rate only." Letters were to be surcharged whether or not endorsed "OAS - no postage stamps available". - FB 248 AUG 1914 Indian Expeditionary Force soldiers writing to India paid the rates of postage applicable in India: 1/2 anna for 2/5 ounce, for letters, and 1/4 anna for postcards - FB 248 21 Nov 1914 Free postage to India sanctioned for all ranks of Forces "E" and "F" on mail handled by Indian Army Postal Service - FB 248 26 Mar 1915 Mediterranean Expeditionary Force est. in Alexandria-Port Said area - FB 248 27 Mar 1915 MEF "Dunluce Castle" reaches Alexandria - FB 248 5 Apr 1915 BAPO Z opens: MEF troops & FiE troops assigned to MEF prior to dispatch to Gallipoli were able to use this facility (free postage) - FB 248 24 May 1915 "Force in Egypt" entitled to free postage on soldiers' letters handled by Egyptian civil. PO as long as endorsed by an Officer - FB 248 MAY/JUNE 1915 permission given to construction workers employed by Army Contractors, personnel employed by the Red Cross Society, St. Johns Ambulance and St. Andrews Ambulance Society, the YMCA and kindred associations to send mail by the APO - Tommy Mail/my "WWI British Military Post" doc p.34 & FB 380 20 Mar 1916 Egyptian Expeditionary Force formed from MEF & FiE - now all Br. troops in Egypt entitled to Army PO (free post) - FB 248 23 Mar 1916 Indian FPO's authorized to accept "Free" mail from British Forces writing to India, but examples are known before this date - FB 248 14 Sep 1920 The British Army Post Offices in Egypt closed & the privilege of free postage for soldiers' private letters was withdrawn - FR 249 15 Sep 1920 EEF Army PO taken over by Indian Army PS (except Br. Army of the Black Sea): letters to India could be posted in Indian FPOs at the rate of 1+1/2 annas for up to 1 ounce (equivalent to 1+1/2d or Palestinian 5m) - FB 248-249 30 Nov 1920 Army of Black Sea British FPO's closed in favor of Indian FPOs, which opened 1 DEC 1920 - FB 248 1 Dec 1920 Indian Army Postal Service took over from Br. Army PS in the Army of the Black Sea, and letter rate for British troops became 2 annas - FB 249 29 May 1922 Letter rate through British Army PO in Turkey reduced from 2d for 1st ounce to 1+1/2d - FB 248 END: A MOMENTARY INTERRUPTION FOR EGYPT-RELATED WWI POSTAL HISTORY 19 April 1920 Elections are held for the Asefat HaNivharim (the elected parliamentary assembly of the Yishuv), which is established that day (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_of_Representatives_(Mandatory_Palestine) ) 19-26 April 1920 San Remo Conference is held (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration ) 25 April 1920 Mandate over Palestine officially assigned to the UK (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine ) 20 June 1920 Herbert Samuel arrives in Palestine to take up his appointment as the first High Commissioner of Palestine, from 1 July (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine ) 1 July 1920 Civil Administration of Palestine begins under Herbert Samuel as High Commissioner (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine ) 1 Oct. 1920 Date by which the last British APOs in France were closed down - Proud HBAPS v2 p.39 29 Sept 1923 Formalization of the Civil Administration of the Mandate with the League of Nations' consent, under the British Mandate for Palestine, which covered two administrative areas: the land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine, was under direct British administration (until 1948); the land east of the Jordan, a semi-autonomous region known as Transjordan, came under the rule of the Hashemite family from the Hijaz (and gained independence in 1946). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine ) 23 Dec 1934 Britain approves establishment of 'Netivey Avir Eretz-Yisrael' (“Palestine Airways”) (Source: http://www.iaf.org.il/2986-4368-en/IAF.aspx ) 1935 Start of construction of Lydda airfield (source: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7% 9F-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F ) 1937 Inauguration of Lydda airfield's concrete runways (source: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7% 9F-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F ) 7 April 1937 First Flight Rome-Haifa on Ala Littoria Airways - TAS: T42/154 1938 Imperial Airways transfers their landplane activities from Gaza to Lydda airfield, and Lydda becomes Palestine's main civil airport - IFPL p.19 22 Sept 1938 "Inauguration of Tel-Aviv landing ground. Palestine Airways. The Palestine Airways plane ready to take off on the first trip of the new service" - Sde Dov, a joint venture of the City of Tel Aviv and Palestine Airways. (Source: https://www.loc.gov/item/mpc2010004236/PP/ ) & IFPL p.42 28 Oct 1938 FF "Palestine Airways" Haifa-TLV, due to Arab revolt - at no extra charge Aloni Airmail p.90/92 1939 Imperial Airways continues to operate from Lydda airport during the war - the only civil airline to do so. - IFPL p.19 6 Sept 1939 Suspension of all postal services to and from Germany enter effect (announced in Official Gazette of 14 Sept) (Source: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law21/PG-e-0932.pdf ) 16-17 Sept 1939 German forces reach the outskirts of Ostrowiec Poland on the 16th and enter on the morning of the 17th. (Source: https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/ostrowiec/oste046.html ) 18 Apr 1941 Palestine Airways ceases operations as planes requisitioned by Mandate Govt. for war effort - Aloni Am p.90 1 Mar 1943 RAF Lydda established at Lydda airfield (source: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7% 9F-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F ) 7 July 1945 ZIM Lines shipping company founded IFPL p.22 26 July 1945 http://www.jta.org/1945/07/27/archive/palestine-airways-expects-to-resume-service-shortly-throughout-middle-east 1946 TWA inaugurates 1st transatlantic service from TLV to NY (source: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7% 9F-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F ) 25 Feb 1946 Within the operation to attack British airfields, the Etzel attacked RAF Lydda and destroyed 11 combat planes (source: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7% 9F-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F ) Aug 1946 CSA begins flying to Palestine.
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