Gemigabok Presents: Winter of No Surrender A SERIES OF WINTER WAR - CHAIN OF COMMAND CAMPAIGNS CAMPAIGNS ONE AND TWO Fire in the Sky

Defiance on the Huhti Road (v2.2)

Art by P. Söderström, 1943 (SA-Kuva)

" Finland will be presented with an ultimatum of territorial demands and if she rejects them, she will have to start military actions. This will start today."

What Stalin said at lunch with Molotov and Otto-Ville Kuusinen, November 26, 1939

" Tell the Finns loudly enough… if they do not hear, then fire the cannon once, and they will raise their hands up and agree with the requirements.”

N.S. Khrushchev, on what Stalin meant

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SCENE 1 - 0245 HOURS, NOVEMBER 28, 1939

"Comrade comroty, there is a delivery. We need your signature." In the pitch-black darkness of the farm house on the western shore of the lake third company commander lieutenant Yevgeniy Stoikov wrenches himself out of the bed. He had just closed his eyes, or so it seems anyway. "What time is it?" he asks, fumbling for his trousers. "0245 hours," the NCO answers.

Still buttoning his uniform jacket as he steps out of the house onto the moonlit yard, Stoikov takes stock of the situation. Three trucks with their engines running, 10 degrees below zero Celsius (14° F) and six obviously cold soldiers shivering in their summer uniforms. One of them is Sergeant Fyodorov, second platoon leader, and two are guardsmen from Stoikov's third company and the rest must be drivers of the trucks. All six salute. "Comrade comroty," one of the drivers announces, "private Gulinski, First Independent Supply Company, I need your signature here, here, here and here," he says pointing at a stack of official forms in three copies. "I see," Stoikov answers, grabbing the forms authoritatively, "please wait here." He gestures to Fyodorov, who turns and heads for the barn which serves as the bigger of the third company's temporary barracks, housing over one hundred men. Stoikov walks back into the house, draws the curtains and lights up the oil lamp, trying not to wake up the NCOs who are sleeping in the crammed room.

Leafing through the documents, Stoikov smiles. 165 pairs of trousers, winter, 165 uniform jackets, winter. 165 wool hats, winter, pointed, model 1936, 165 pairs of mittens, winter, 165 pairs of boots, leather, 170 field packs, 1938 pattern, 170 gas mask bags, type BN, 170 shelters, half. It's all here, just as requested. The second paper reads 41 cases of ammunition, rifle, model 1908, in loading strips model 1930. The third lists 21 cases of the same and 60 cases of machine gun tracer ammunition type T-30. The last form reads 39 cases of MG ammunition, 18 boxes of revolver ammunition and 100 rifle grenades! Stoikov signs the forms and extinguishes the light before walking out the door again. Outside, Fyodorov's men are quickly unloading the heavy ammunition crates and piling them somewhere inside the barn. There seems to be no end to the crates.

Standing beside Stoikov, sergeant Fyodorov whispers to him. "Comrade comroty, I've been doing some calculations. 165 crates... that is nearly 100 000 rounds of ammunition, more than three tons in weight. In the past three weeks of training here we've been allowed to shoot ten rounds per man. And now, a convoy of trucks rolls in and they deliver ten thousand times more ammunition. Comrade comroty, what are we to do with this many bullets?"

"You need not trouble yourself with this, Fyodorov," Stoikov answers, "I'm sure this is just some bureaucratic foul-up, tomorrow they will come and demand all of these back. I know this happens all the time."

But Stoikov knows Fyodorov does not believe a word he is saying, and he also knows the only mistake here is that the ammunition has been delivered too early. 100 000 rounds is four days' ammunition supply for the company. No orders have been given yet ammunition for attack purposes has been delivered. It is a dead give-away to any Capitalist spies who may be lurking in his unit - this is it, we are going to war! For weeks the battalion has been stationed here, preparing for a defensive war against the Counter-Revolutionary Fascist forces occupying Finland since 1918. But all the good intentions, all the negotiations and patience we've had with that lot of belligerent fools has come to naught. It would seem their treacherous artillery attack at Mainila has been the last straw and the Politburo have decided to settle the matter quickly. Good for them, Stoikov wants to get back home to his wife and his job at the People's Wicker Work Factory Number 18. The quicker we get done here the better. Hell, let's march all the way to Helsinki if we must, but let's get home soon!

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INTRODUCTION TO THE WINTER OF NO SURRENDER CAMPAIGN SERIES

Winter of No Surrender (WoNS) is a proposed Battlegroup, Nuts! and Disposable Heroes) and series of platoon/company scale campaigns set notes are included for that.. In particular if you in the Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939-1940. are playing Easy Eight Enterprises' Fire in the Sky and Defiance on the Huhti Road Battleground WWII I will be able to provide you are the two first campaigns in the WoNS series. with unit statistics. They are mainly intended for use with Chain of Command rules (with the At the Sharp End and You are reading the free version of these Blitzkrieg 1940 Handbook campaign campaigns. It presents both campaign ladders supplements and the Big Chain of Command and is fully playable on its own. There is also a supplemental rules) by Too Fat Lardies but are full version of the campaign is available directly designed to be adaptable to other skirmish from me for a modest fee of 5 Euros (around (platoon to company level) rule sets as well, 5.5 USD or 4 GBP) using PayPal, bank transfer including but not limited to Bolt Action, or credit card. The full version has the following Battleground WWII, I Ain’t Been Shot Mum, additional features:

 Additional scenarios: o Rajajoki Station: At the Rajajoki (literally Border River) border crossing it is 06.40 am on November 30, 1939. The lone Finnish border guard stares eastwards in utter disbelief… in the middle of the bridge a whole platoon of Russian soldiers has assembled in marching order, facing westwards, towards him… leading them is an officer, looking intently at his watch… At 06.50 am the sky explodes with artillery fire. This scenario does not really belong in this supplement, but it is a good one. o Desant Hunt: Soviet special forces operatives have been parachuted into Finnish rear areas. Will they be able to blow up a bridge or command post? Or will they be apprehended by teenage Civil Guards boys? This scenario is activated by a Campaign Card. o Riders in the Night: Somewhere in the darkness members of a Red Army Cavalry Reconnaissance platoon go in search of a weak point in Finnish Army positions. This scenario is activated by a Campaign Card. o Death in White: Finnish Sissi guerrillas ambush a Soviet convoy. This scenario is activated by a Campaign Card.  The Gates of Rautu. A three-scenario bonus mini-campaign of sorts focused on possible events south-west of Rautu on December 2nd.  Miniatures painting advice, including suggested Vallejo colors for troops and equipment on both sides.

This campaign is designed to be played by an surprises for both sides. If there are only two umpire and two or more players as the Finns people playing it is suggested that the Finn and the Soviets. That way there will be player acts as the umpire.

" In the current situation where the war of powerful nations is in a stalemate it is unlikely that the Soviet Union would initiate an offensive on any front. "

Finnish Army Headquarters bulletin, November 26, 1939

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The campaign has been split into six main files and a great number of maps. Ideally, you should only read the files which concern your role in the campaign:

File Contents Who should read WoNS 1-2 You're reading it. Contains introduction to the Winter All Introduction War and the campaign itself and explains campaign structure and many concepts unique to the campaign. Listing of contents (hopefully useful when searching for something). Designer's notes. Bibliography. WoNS 1-2 Campaign-specific optional rules All Optional Rules WoNS 1-2 Soviet Soviet company organization and equipment, character Umpire, generation, Campaign Cards Soviet Players WoNS 1-2 Finnish Finnish company organization and equipment, Umpire, character generation, Campaign Cards Finnish Players WoNS 1-2 Campaign ladder with Red table maps Umpire, Campaign Ladder Finnish Players WoNS 1-2 Additional table maps for each scenario: Red (for Umpire, Additional Maps modification by Finnish player), Yellow, Purple, Blue and Finnish Players and Tools Green. Terrain Quick Reference sheet, Force Morale trackers, unit templates WoNS 1-2 Umpires How to run this campaign. Scenario and historical notes Umpire Information for umpire. Special scenario information. Notes on using this campaign with other rule systems.

If you need support, don't understand something, need to ask questions etc. you can reach me at [email protected], please put something descriptive in your message's subject field so that your message does not look like spam. I'm also very interested in any after-action reports if you actually play these campaigns.

LEGAL STUFF

This campaign is copyright 2016-2020 by Eero vision of this part of the Winter War. The rules Juhola [email protected]. However, it necessarily appendix has been in part contributed by my builds upon the work of others: Chain of friends Aksu Anttila and Petri V. Command and the various supplements and the Specials for it are the property of Richard This is the free version of the campaign and it Clarke. In various places in this work I have is freely available from referred to them and of course some of the http://www.saunalahti.fi/~ejuhola/7.62/chain Support Point tables for example duplicate his ofcommand.html The version number for each work and/or text. The Finns and Soviets army file in this campaign supplement is included in lists and National Characteristics have been the file name as well as the footer of every copied from those on the Too Fat Lardies page. Check the web page to see if there have website and then amended to better fit my been updates.

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CREDITS

Research, campaign design, Eero Juhola [email protected] layout, optional rules and headaches and traumas for everyone involved Additional optional rules Aksu Anttila, Petri V, and the world-wide Chain of Command community Playtesting Aksu Anttila, Petri V., Kim P., Ukko K., Heikki M., Bill A., Kaapo S., Risto M., Antti W. Our Clubs: GeMiGaBoK: http://www.the-ancients.com/gemigabok/ Stadin Strategit: http://stadinstrategit.fi/ Helpful comments and advice John de Terre Neuve, Janne L., Karri K., Novista provided by Historical information and other Jarkko Vihavainen of Jaegerplatoon.net scholarly input Simo Liikanen, Finnish anti-tank warfare historian Wargames pictures From our playtest games and Model Expo 2017 and Tracon Hitpoint 2019 participation games Prose scenes Adapted from my 1998 to 2003 play-by-email Winter War roleplaying game Kollaa Will Hold. With thanks and a hello to my players.

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SCENE 2 - 1100 HOURS, NOVEMBER 28, 1939

Platoon sergeant Yhrman is busy pondering his platoon's defensive strategy. With each passing day the good sergeant is becoming more and more concerned about the arrangements as his keen imagination conjures up new tricks the devious Russians might play on his insufficient forces. The area his troops have to defend is simply too great for him to be able to say with any certainity that the invaders can be prevented from encircling him, let alone slowed down. There are too few men, mines and booby traps. Too little time, too much ground and too many side roads to cover...

Suddenly, his gloomy thoughts are interrupted by two fourth section soldiers. Dressed in the distinctive uniforms of the Suojeluskunta (Civil Guards) organization and carrying their own rifles, the two Haapala brothers Juho and Olli obviously have something on their mind. Inseparable, the Haapalas are non-identical twins. Years of hard work and substandard nutrition on the little poor farm they call home have certainly left their mark on the boys. Juho especially is hardly taller than his model 1927 rifle is long and so sickly thin that his uniform, which he has paid for himself, is so big that it hangs on him like a sail on a schooner's mast on a dead calm day, though it is undoubtedly the smallest size uniform made.

Yhrman is certain that only the fact that the boys participated eagerly in the Civil Guards activities enabled Juho to even get into the field army. But they had excellent recommendations from the Civil Guards captain and from the rumors he has heard Yhrman knows that after surviving seventeen years on the Haapala farm, considered to be mostly rocks and swampland, the boys will survive just about anything. And in the shooting practice the young men seemed to do very well and subsequent training has really shown they have guts and initiative, both of which are needed by the lookout patrol on the hill.

The boys click their heels together and Juho announces: "Private Haapala J., sir, request permission to address you!" "At ease. Well, Haapala, how are things at home?" The boy seems to be caught off guard by this question. He ponders for a moment. "Sir, mother wrote to say our last cow died and that the harvested rye is already rotting away and..." Yhrman curses himself for engaging in small talk and makes a mental note never to make the same mistake again - the Haapalas' home is so depressing that being here must be a relief for them. "But you didn't come to me to discuss home now did you?" he interjects, quickly. The Haapalas look slightly confused.

"Ahem, no sir. You see, as you know the brother and me are the hill look-out patrol and we had a few questions and asked them from sergeant Suuramo. Well, he didn't have no answers so he said we'd better ask you and then go back and tell him too. Our question is, if we see the Russ coming north from those roadblocks on the road over toward our hill, can the brother and I have a shot at them, or are we just supposed to run to sergeant Suuramo and tell they're a coming? The brother here said sure, we shoot because Russ have no business being in our country but I want to make sure what you want us to do. I mean if we shoot two of them and then run like hell, they'll probably stop and take cover while we run over the marsh. So to me, shooting Russkies seems like a good idea. Besides, the brother and I don't like Russkies."

Sergeant Yhrman suppresses a smile. "The Russians will probably send out a patrol to clear any observation posts like you two. You are allowed to engage a small group for one or two shots then get back with any info."

On hearing this the Haapalas are visibly delighted. The sergeant continues "But high chances the Rus will just press blindly forward at speed. I need your warm bodies in line not dead from getting overly confident. Use good judgement and just worry mainly about getting back."

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INTRODUCTION TO THE WINTER WAR

Rajajoki border crossing, November 30, 1939, It is of course all the fault of Adolf Hitler and 06.40 am. Here Rajajoki (literally Border River) Iosif Stalin. These leaders of the world's two forms the border between Finland and the most criminal regimes have also spent ages Soviet Union. For weeks the men have stared watching the other's every move. To many an at each other over the bridge spanning the independent observer it has been clear that river... the Russian border guards at one end of sooner or later the two will turn on each other the bridge, the Finnish ones at the other. Not a and when they do the world will be engulfed in word has been said. fire. The dictators themselves also seem to believe this.

Northern Europe and the Soviet Union in 1939. Public domain map by Peltimikko.

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When in 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria leaves Finland and the Baltic states of Estonia, and parts of Czechoslovakia the Soviet Union Lithuania and Latvia wholly into the Soviet begun top secret security negotiations with sphere of influence. In the two first weeks of Finland. Ostensibly the Soviets were worried September Germany invaded Poland from the that despite a 1932 non-aggression treaty west, followed shortly by a Soviet assault from Finland might permit Germany to land troops the east. on its soil and use the country as a springboard to assault Leningrad, only some 30 kilometers No longer hindered by Germany, the Soviet from the Finnish border. In reality they had leaders could then make more demands on already decided to invade the country. The their neighbors. They now asked not only for Soviet leadership claimed to want proof that islands but also for parts of the Hanko Finland could and would fight a German peninsula on the south coast of Finland and for invasion if needed. In addition, USSR border alterations in the east. Again, the demanded that Finland rent some of its outer Finnish government refused the demands. islands for Soviet military use. The Finnish government refused these demands. On September 24 the Soviet leadership proposed that Estonia enter into a mutual co- In order to buy time Stalin entered into a ten- operation treaty with the USSR. At the same year non-aggression treaty with Nazi Germany time it concentrated a huge army on Estonia's in August 1939. Of course, neither party to the border. Three days later the Estonians signed treaty has any intention of abiding by it any away their independence without firing a shot. longer than what will be absolutely necessary. Similar fates befell Lithuania and Latvia in in A secret addendum to the treaty divides early October. Finland now stands alone. Poland into German and Soviet halves and

We will reject the game of political gamblers to hell and go our own way, in spite of everything, we will ensure the safety of the USSR, without looking at anything, breaking all kinds of obstacles on the way to the goal!

Pravda, the newspaper of the Soviet Communist Party, on November 3, 1939

The Finnish Army had been partly mobilized for troops located at a place called Mainila and months but now the whole reserve has been had resulted in the deaths of four Soviet called out for “additional maneuvers”. Despite soldiers. The day before yesterday the USSR this and other preparations, the Finnish high distanced itself from the 1932 non-aggression command is pessimistic about the prospects of treaty and yesterday the Finnish ambassador an armed conflict with the Soviet Army. In was informed that the Soviet Union was private, the commander-in-chief Marshal cutting off all diplomatic ties between the Mannerheim has in fact confided to a friend countries. that he expects his army to last no more than two or three weeks. And now it is 06.40 am on November 30th. The lone Finnish border guard at Rajajoki stares Expecting a fake provocation of the kind which eastwards in utter disbelief… in the middle of provided Germany an excuse to march into the bridge a whole platoon of Russian soldiers Poland, the Finns have pulled all artillery units has assembled in marching order, facing back so far that they cannot reach into Soviet westwards, towards him… leading them is an territory. Despite this the Soviet Union claimed officer, looking intently at his watch… four days ago, on November 26, that a Finnish artillery bombardment had been fired at At 06.50 am the sky explodes with artillery fire.

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The Soviet invasion of Finland. Public domain map by Peltimikko.

The first question is about the war with Finland. Did the Government and the Party do the right thing to declare war on Finland? This question specifically concerns the Red Army. Could we have managed without war? It seems to me that it was impossible. It was impossible to do without war. The war was necessary, since the peace negotiations with Finland did not produce results, and the security of Leningrad had to be ensured, of course, because its security is the security of our Fatherland. Not only because Leningrad represents 30–35 percent of the defense industry of our country and, therefore, the fate of our country depends on the integrity and security of Leningrad, but also because Leningrad is the second capital of our country.

I.V. Stalin at a meeting of commanding officers on summarizing the experience of military operations against Finland, April 17, 1940

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THE MANNERHEIM LINE

Finland wrenched its independence from was begun as early as in 1919. The plan was to Russia in December 1917. This was quickly block the most likely advance route into followed by a bloody civil war pitting Finland's Finland, the Karelian isthmus which is situated legitimate government's forces - the Whites between Lake Ladoga and the eastern end of supported by Germany - against Red the Gulf of Finland. Taking advantage of the revolutionaries supported by Russia. Initially natural layout of the land, Lake Suvanto and successful in seizing power in the southern part Vuoksi and Taipale rivers, the line would snake of the country, the Reds lost the war and many 140 kilometers from the coast of Ladoga to the of their leaders escaped into Soviet Russia. Gulf.

The co-existence between Finland and what In the spirit of the Great War this defensive line soon became the Soviet Union was not easy. would consist of trenches and bunkers and Many Russian army units in Finland had been other field works protected by anti-tank rocks disarmed by the Whites before being ousted and ditches and barbed wire. On average every from the country and many Russian kilometer of the Line was protected by four "volunteers" fighting on the Red side had been machine-gun emplacements, 2.5 km of barbed killed. It was obvious to many that sooner or wire and 1 km of anti-tank rocks [B57]. later the Soviets were going to invade, after all Between Kiviniemi and Lake Ladoga, a distance the Soviet Union now hosted a Red Finnish less than thirty kilometers, there were a total puppet government ready to take over the of 72 machine gun emplacements or log country once the coming invasion had been bunkers, 85 log bunkers for sheltering troops, completed. 84 kilometers of entrenchments, 117 kilometers of barbed wire and about 51 km of Some actions by the Finns were not helpful anti-tank obstacles [B49, p.50]. While most of either, for example in 1918-1922 many Finnish the work was contracted to civilian workers or groups took part in armed expeditions into the carried out by the military, many patriotic western parts of the Soviet Union, supporting civilian volunteers also spent their vacations the various struggles of Finnish-speaking building the line that would eventually save peoples there and the idea that those ares Finland from becoming a slave nation of the should in fact belong to Finland was very Soviet Union. popular among many Finns.

Since a future armed conflict with Soviet Russia was very likely, planning for a defensive line

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The Taipale River, the River of Death (SA-Kuva)

SCREENING FORCES

The whole of the Finnish Army could not be Uusikirkko, Group Muolas, Group Lipola, mobilized until October 1939 when "additional Group Rautu and Group Metsäpirtti, each maneuvers" were called for. While in principle named after the region they were defending deployed and ready for action the army would [B1, p. 16]. Depending on geography, each of still need time to man positions and make the these groups was responsible for ten to twenty final preparations in reaction to the coming kilometers of delaying action. assault. And the artillery and mortar units The immediate border region was handled by which had been stationed far away from the border guards and the screening forces were front would need to move forwards in order to arrayed right behind them. Often both the support friendly troops. border guards and the screening forces were Some units were therefore designated as local men who knew the area well and also screening forces whose purpose was to delay fought very bravely and resolutely, fighting for the invading Red Army, gaining time for the their very homes and fields. This was also the main forces. At Taipale the screening forces case at Taipale, where our campaign takes were divided into several groups: Group place.

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GROUP RAUTU (R-Group)

Commanded by Colonel Kaila, the task of the Companies 6 and 7 [B1, p. 17, 36]. In addition, Rautu Group was to gain time for the Finnish it was reinforced by three engineer companies, 8th and 10th Divisions, permitting them to signals and artillery units, as well as medical deploy in their positions on the Mannerheim and other support units. The total strength of Line before the enemy would reach it. the Rautu Group was 7928 men.

The Rautu Group was comprised of the 3rd The left (eastern) flank of Group Rautu was Brigade which was composed of five Battalions defended by Group Metsäpirtti which (including Jaeger Battalion 4, one battalion consisted only of two border companies (465 from 30th Infantry Regiment and the men), a mistake which would cause problems Independent Battalion 6), plus Border for the screening forces [B1, p.35; B55, p. 112].

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6TH INDEPENDENT BATTALION

The 6th Independent Battalion was composed Battalion had 162 horses and a multitude of of 1155 men when formed on October 14, carts, many of which had been exchanged for 1939 [B1, Appendix I]. By the time the war sleighs by the beginning of the conflict [B1, began the unit had shrunk to 1137 men, almost p.10, 25]. all from the Taipale region [B1, p.10]. The

6TH INDEPENDENT BATTALION on October 14, 1939 Sub-Unit Notes Commander Headquarters and 218 men, mostly from Käkisalmi Kapt Oiva Saarelainen Headquarters Company 1st Company 191 men, mostly from Kaukola Ltn Johannes Ahi Platoon: Vänr Kilpiäinen 2nd Company 201 men, mostly from Räisälä Ltn Pekka Jäntti Platoon: Vänr Hämäläinen 3rd Company 199 men, mostly from Räisälä Ltn Valtonen 4th platoon: Vänr Erkki Seitola Machinegun Company 154 men, mostly from Sakkola Vänr Matti Sihvo (?), replaced by vänrikki Virtanen from JP 4 on November 30th [B8, p.3] Mortar Platoon 36 men, from Sakkola Kad Lauri Nousiainen Supply Column 56 men, mostly from Sakkola Alik Toivo Käki

In addition, two 37mm Bofors guns were personnel [B1, p. 23]. Apparently Vilppula was given to the Battalion in mid-October. This relieved of his duties at the beginning of the half-battery was led by a vänrikki Vilppula and conflict and replaced by a lieutenant Rangell their crews were selected from Battalion [B8, p.3].

The men of the Battalion were motivated and already moving train and to have hoisted well-trained to defend their country, as is himself onto a bumper and then held on until evident by the heroic efforts of some to join the next stop when he could get inside a their units during mobilization even when it wagon… and this in October when the involved personal danger and/or hardship. For temperatures cannot have been too warm [B1, example one man is said to have run after an p. 11].

"We did not get anything for free. And foreigners will not be getting anything from us for free either."

Lieutenant-Colonel Nurmi, the commander of Taipale sector, in a speech during inspection of the Battalion on October 9, 1939

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The Battalion was led by the 39-year-old subsequently fought both on the German Captain Saarelainen, a cadre officer who had eastern front and in the Finnish Civil War [B1, taken part in the Finnish Civil War as a loader p.14]. And even the Battalion Adjutant had for a machine gun [B1, p.14]. In addition, the taken part in military expeditions into the unit had two Jääkäri (Jaeger) vääpeli (master western parts of the Soviet Union in the sergeants) who had volunteered for military Twenties [B1, p.14]. training in Germany in 1916 and had The Battalion had been deployed to the front Being one of the screening units the Battalion in early October and had been fortifying its was well-equipped but seems to not have had positions since then, building three defensive any white-overs as a few days into the fight lines in its area of responsibility. At its first some 2nd Company men are specifically defensive line the Battalion had to cover a mentioned to be scrounging for sheets and width of some 10 to 12 kilometers [B1, P.18] so even underwear to use as white-overs [B1, it was clear from the outset that the forces p.59]. available to the Finns would not be able to delay the Soviets for very long.

7th BORDER COMPANY

Led by a Lieutenant Pitkänen [B1, p. 26], the The company was reinforced with numerous 7th Border Company was composed of local Maxim-type medium machine guns from JP 4 men and border guards. Many had lived here (Jäger Battalion 4) just prior to the conflict. The all their lives and thus knew the area company's war diary - if it ever existed - has intimately. Defending their very homes, the unfortunately not been preserved. 7th Border fought ferociously and ruthlessly.

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THE 142nd INFANTRY DIVISION

This Soviet division was part of the 7th Army, During the war the division consisted of three commanded by Army Commander, second infantry regiments (the 19th, 461st and the 701st class, V.F. Jakolev [B49, p. 54]. It had just been [B49, p.54]), one field artillery regiment, one constituted on August 19th, 1939 in Malaya howitzer artillery regiment, one anti-tank gun Vishera, north of Leningrad [B53]. Though battery, one reconnaissance battalion, one inexperienced at the beginning of the Winter communications battalion, one engineering War the unit was nevertheless decorated with battalion [B53]. the Order of the Red Banner for its efforts in Some useful comparisons of the Finnish and the war. One of its brigade commanders, a P.S. Soviet infantry divisions can be found below: Pshennikov seems to have provisionally led the division during the war [B49, p.54] and may have been promoted to lead the division after the war in April 1940 [B54]. The division stayed on the Finnish front until 1944 [B54].

Finnish Division, c. 14200 men [B71, p. 281] Soviet Division, c. 17000 men [B71, p. 281] 3x Infantry Regiment, each: 3x Infantry Regiments, each: 3x Infantry Battalion 3x Infantry Battalion Gun Company (4x 37mm AT gun) Regimental Gun Battery (4x 76mm gun) Mortar company (6x 81mm mortar) Reconnaissance company Anti-tank battery (6x 45mm gun) 4x Mortar platoon (2x 82mm mortar) Artillery Regiment Howitzer Regiment (36 howitzers) 12x 122mm Howitzer 24x 76mm field gun Artillery Regiment (36 guns and howitzers) Special Tank Battalion (10-40 tanks) Amphibious tank company (T-37A/T-38) T-26 tank company Possibly chemical tank company Special anti-tank battery (18x 45mm gun) Special anti-aircraft battalion Light Detachment Special Reconnaissance Battalion Cavalry squadron Cavalry squadron Bicycle company Motorcycle company Machine gun company Armored car company Tank company Communications company Special Communications Battalion Two Engineer companies Special Engineer Battalion

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Finnish Soviet Weapons [B53] Division Division

Bolt-Action rifles 11,000 14,000

Submachine guns 250 -

Light machine guns 250 419

Medium machine guns 7.62 mm 116 200

Heavy machine guns 12.7 mm - 6

Four-barreled Anti-aircraft machine guns - 32

Mortars 81–82 mm 18 18

120 mm mortars - 12

Anti-tank artillery (37–45 mm guns) 18 48

Field artillery (75-90 mm guns) 24 36

Field artillery (105–152 mm guns) 12 36

Tanks - 35

Armored cars - 15

The 445th Special Tank Battalion of the 142th Finnish 6th Independent Battalion. Behind it Infantry Division operated nine T-26, six T-37 followed the 10th Armored Army Corps which and ten T-38 tanks [B15, p. 106]. While clearly was comprised of the 1st and 13th Tank the spearhead of the forces arrayed on the Brigades and the rest of the 50th Army Corps road in our campaign, the 142nd Division was including the 49th and 138th Infantry Divisions by no means the only unit arrayed against the [B55, p. 111].

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THE CAMPAIGN(s)

This first Winter of No Surrender supplement The Finns will field one reinforced platoon of follows the Finnish 7th Border Company and Border Guards and one reinforced company the 6th Independent Battalion during the first (four platoons) from the 6th Independent days of the Winter War as they attempt to Battalion. delay the invading Red Army's 142nd Infantry The Soviets will field two Rifle Companies (one Division on its way to the Taipale Sector, some command platoon, three rifle platoons and a twenty-five kilometers by road. The Soviets machine-gun platoon each) from the 142nd have a schedule according to which they Division. Despite these impressive forces the should cover this distance in approximately nature of the road network is such that each one day. Actually, they will end up spending a side will usually only be able to field one - whole week getting there. possibly reinforced - platoon at a time. As an In Fire in the Sky the 7th Border Company is option the Reds may - if desired - bring forward responsible for the defense of the village of a second platoon to reinforce the initial Huhti and the six kilometers of road from Huhti platoon in a tactical situation where the initial to the hamlet of Palkeala. In Defiance on the platoon has been defeated. This will however Huhti Road the 6th Independent Battalion is incur a cost of one additional hour. A game then responsible for the next nine kilometers where one side has two platoons would be between Palkeala and Rautu village. At Rautu, played out using the Big Chain of Command the Finnish 3rd Brigade waits for the supplemental rules. approaching Russians in entrenchments Instructions for running the campaign are protected by barbed wire, anti-tank obstacles contained in the WoNS 1 Umpires' Information and ditches, minefields and anti-tank guns, document. ready to give battle. The Mannerheim Line itself is located beyond the Lake Suvanto, some 13 kilometers to the north of Rautu.

"The way we see this is that we won't be giving an inch without a fight."

Lieutenant-Colonel Nurmi to an official of the Finnish government

CAMPAIGN CARDS

All manner of little events, myths and vignettes played during that Hour (Campaign Turn). Each are associated with the Winter War. These add card can only be selected once during the a lot to the feel to the game but would be entire Winter War (all WoNS campaigns) and if difficult to recreate on the tabletop using any for some reason it is selected but not played rule set. WoNS introduces a Campaign Card during that Hour it is lost. system where each side may pick a card to be

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 17

SCENE THREE - 0817 HOURS, NOVEMBER 30, 1939

Heading downhill towards the north-east in the near-darkness, the five-man infantry reconnaissance team slips and slides in the snow. At the bottom of the hill, the track they are following ends at the side of a small road. Up ahead, there is a more woods and what seem to be entrenchments. Crouching by the roadside, Red Army Man Smirnov examines the road and reports back in a low voice: "The two fellows stepped onto the road and headed north-west along it. There are no vehicle tracks on the road but there are plenty of boot tracks."

"Let's go and check out the foxholes," sergeant Kaspula whispers to Cherenko and Smirnov. "Careful less there are enemies there. Standard formation, go."

The section gets up and quickly moves in a crouch to the foxholes, covered by Smirnov's automatic rifle. The place is deserted. There are four foxholes on this side of the road and boot tracks are leading north. The fire zone to the south carries some thirty meters from a prone position and Kaspula supposes the positions would be rather difficult to see from the road. Complete with wooden logs serving as rifle braces and wood stakes defining firing sectors for night combat, the deep foxholes look well prepared. The enemy has had weeks to put up defensive works in this border area. But this looks like a position for no more than a section assigned to slow down the initial advance along the road... so positions for the rest of the platoon are somewhere else.

It is obvious that the enemy has manned this position regularly as there are numerous cigarette butts about as well as a dropped glove. "Look, they were in a real hurry and even left behind a box of cigarettes," Ustinov whispers and jumps into one of the empty foxholes.

Smirnov points to the east, over the road, whispering: "It seems there are at least two more foxholes over on that side. Should I run over the road and check them too?" Looking south and north, Kaspula figures anyone crossing the road can be seen from quite some distance off. To the north, the road disappears into the night about 100 meters away, continuing straight that way. Towards the south, it soon turns to the south-east. There are lots of boot tracks on the road, not made by felt boots such as the section is wearing, as far as Smirnov can guess without actually stepping on the road. Taking out his field glasses, Kaspula sees no movement or other sign of enemies in either direction.

"Go and check out those foxholes," Kaspula instructs Smirnov, "The hair on the back of my neck tells me..."

Thinking back later to the explosion, there is no memory of sound.

A flash. Fiery flames momentarily lighting up the forest. The feeling of a sudden impact, as if someone had struck his back from behind with a full-length shovel.

What the fuck happened? Lying on his face in the snow, Kaspula tries to bring the woods back into focus. "What the fuck happened," he demands out loud. His voice sounds far-away, not his own. He becomes conscious of the roaring static hum in his ears, his ears are ringing.

Painfully lifting himself onto his knees, he sees Smirnov on the ground beside him, holding onto his head but obviously alive. Looking backwards he distinguishes Cherenko, standing and staggering on his feet. His greatcoat is all speckled with reddish droplets and brown earth. Cherenko looks stunned. Kaspula struggles to his aid and tears open the NCO's coat buttons. "You're wounded, sit down" he says, "where does it hurt?" But the sergeant does not answer as he is probably still deaf from the explosion. Underneath the greatcoat there are no signs of wounds or blood...

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 18

Kaspula is slowly regaining his ability to think... now it is obvious to him that this situation requires his leadership and that the task of patching up Cherenko should be delegated to someone else. But the blood on Cherenko's clothes is not his own... so whose is it?

Turning around, Kaspula notices the foxhole... a gaping black hole where the rifle brace used to be, blood everywhere, the smell of detonated explosives strong in the air. Moving closer a meter or two, Kaspula sees the slumped, torn khaki-uniformed figure at the bottom of the foxhole. Slowly he remembers... Ustinov, the private had said something, what was it, cigarettes? And then he had jumped into the foxhole. And Kaspula had paid no attention to what he was doing.

Suddenly Smirnov and Gretcho are beside him, lifting the limp Ustinov from the foxhole with great difficulty. The poor man's clothes are a shredded mess and his guts hang out from what is left of his stomach. Blood is everywhere. His rifle has been split in half. Gretcho begins to try reviving the man, but Smirnov sees the futility of it.

Meanwhile, Kaspula examines the foxhole. An explosive charge had been planted beneath the block of wood serving as rifle brace. There was probably a pressure detonator under it. Clambering out of the deep foxhole with a pack of cigarettes in his hand, Ustinov leaned on the brace for support and BOOM. Is that black powder there too? Kaspula takes some into his hand. No, sawdust. That explains the flames, they added sawdust for spectacular fireworks effect. This is the work of trained combat engineers. The bastards!

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 19

OVERALL MAP OF THE THIRD BRIGADE AREA OF OPERATIONS

The scale is 2x2 kilometer squares. Third Brigade's main defensive position is in Rautu. The Red Army approaches from the south and wants to cross over the Vuoksi River bridges at Kiviniemi and wants to cross the Taipale River in order to assault the Mannerheim Line.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 20

THE LADDERS AND CAMPAIGN MAPS

Both campaign ladders are shown above. The map incorporates the public-domain map by Peltimikko. The squares are 2x2 kilometers. The locations in black are part of the Fire in the Sky campaign, the ones in blue are in the Defiance on the Huhti Road campaign. More detailed pictures of the ladders are shown on the next two pages.

While units may be located on any step of a campaign ladder, battles are only possible at named battle Locations. The umpire may divulge the exact to length of the campaign to the players if he sees it fit, but in real life the end of the battles depicted in this campaign came as quite a surprise to both sides.

Each named step of the ladder consists of at least one 6x4 size table game scenario. Entering each step of the campaign ladder costs the sides time. Usually the speed of advance is about one kilometer per hour as the invaders must tackle boobytraps and roadblocks and fake mine fields. Once those have been cleared subsequent movement into the area by the Soviets is at a speed of two kilometers per hour. The Finns are always moving at three kilometers per hour.

Each scenario map shows the default battlefield in red. The Soviet side will always use this Red table during his first attempt to capture the location. Should he be repulsed on his first try he may take

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 21 another hour to reorganize the attack. Optionally he may spend one more hour to send the platoon to flank the enemy in which case he may use the Yellow or Purple tables.

The Fire in the Sky campaign ladder. The Rajajoki Station scenario is included in the full version of this campaign. It is not treated as a step on the ladder and playing the battle there takes no time.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 22

Defiance on the Huhti Road campaign ladder.

Only two infantry platoons and one tank and undermanned against the might of the platoon of each side may reside on any step of Soviet Army. They must nevertheless attempt the ladder. Keep track of the exact location of to slow down the Red tide, buying valuable each of your platoons, they will be important time for their compatriots on the Taipale during the campaign. Sector of the Mannerheim Line. Despite this, some possible battle locations are more The Red Army player attempts to fight his way advantageous than others and the Finn must through the campaign ladder as quickly as seriously consider where he wants to put up a possible. His progress in measured in hours. His fight. And as time progresses better and better men are unfortunately not really equipped for support options will appear for the Finns. a campaign in Arctic weather and must take frequent rests in order to not be beset by Campaign victory will be determined by how Fatigue. long the Finns are able to delay the Red Army.

The Finns on the other hand are perfectly adapted to the weather but are under-gunned

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 23

SCENE FOUR - 1817 HOURS, NOVEMBER 30, 1939

The sky in the south is blood red, a gigantic sheet of tree-silhouetting crimson stretching from the south-east all the way to the south-west and rising up to the heavens where it mingles with the stars. It is the glow of hundreds of homes and barns set alight by the Border Companies. The orders are to leave nothing to the enemy. They may get our lands but they will not have our homes. There is something so very final about it all.

The men of second company, Independent Battalion 6 have been manning their trenches for more than eleven hours now. The view from the imposing Palkeala hill across the night-time countryside is surreal. The border is burning, as are several buildings down the southern Palkeala hill, the flickering flames creating restless shadows on the snow as bright sparks are carried aloft by the wind. Beyond the burning houses a cacophony of far-away shouts, machine gun fire and small explosions accompanied by the high-pitched engine sounds of tanks can be heard from the dark woods as ricocheting green and red tracers arc through the sky where the 7th Border Company is holding out against the Russians, a kilometer or two to the south of Palkeala. The fighting there has been going on for hours - those bitter border men are really putting up a tenacious fight, having first set fire to their own homes. Behind Palkeala hill towards the north, the village proper of Palkeala is also on fire. Further to the north-west Soviet artillery is pounding some unfortunate target some kilometers away and the explosions are so powerful that the sound alone seems to rock the trench here. In the distance aircraft engines can be heard as Russian bombers are returning home, having bombed Finnish population centers and rail yards.

After a while the fighting in the south dies down, as it has many times now. Having been repelled by the border men the Russians take a breather and will shortly try again. Someone is giving orders using a megaphone, then it is relatively quiet.

The men of the 6th wait. It is not actually cold yet this early in the winter but several of the men have wet clothes and are suffering from mild discomfort, shuffling their feet. Then suddenly a new sound is added to the crackling of flames: swish.. swish.. swish.. it is the sound of skiing, many skiers seem to be approaching from the south-west but are still invisible in the darkness, staying out of the glare of the flames. This results in a flurry of activity among the men, weapons are grasped and actions worked. "I can't switch the safety off, it's frozen!" someone exclaims, "Shut up!".

The men wait, weapons trained south-westward. Swish… swish… swish… The minutes seem like hours, blood pounding. Swish… swish… swish… a group of skiers can be distinguished, dark forms in the snow, now fifty meters away but approaching fast. A rifle in one hand and a flare pistol in the other, the sergeant yells: "Password!" "Don't shoot you idiot, we don't know the password!" the skiers shout back, halting momentarily. They do sound like Finns. "Who are you?" "Third platoon, 7th Border Company" the answer comes. The 7th were to retreat through this way so the sergeant seems relieved, "All right, approach". The skiers speed up. They are in dirty white-overs, rucksacks on their backs and rifles hanging ready from slings around their necks. They seem tired but are still skiing vigorously and skillfully. The leader of the patrol stops by the sergeant and says angrily: "The rest of the platoon is right behind us, and then the rest of the company. Don't shoot them either." He then continues on towards the north, his men following.

The men watch in silence as the 7th Border Company files through their positions. First there is an infantry platoon or two, some of the men carrying curious sub-machine guns with magazines that stick out of one side of the weapon, then come some supply troops with horses pulling sleighs, some of them filled with wounded men who moan as the sleighs hit various bumps. A machine-gun platoon

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 24 goes by, the sweating men pulling heavy sleds where water-cooled machine guns and metal boxes containing ammunition belts have been thrown pell-mell when the retreat began. As a third infantry platoon passes, one of the skiers defiantly shouts: "Two hundred! We killed two hundred of those fucking Russ bastards! You do the same!" The men of the 6th reply nothing, for what could they possibly say to this new combat veteran?

Soon a lieutenant with a messenger appears, skiing up the hill and stopping to speak with the sergeant. "I'm Lieutenant Pitkänen. This is the last platoon and after that we have a section bringing up the rear. Let's wait." The sergeant nods, his throat dry, unable to ask any useful questions from the lieutenant even though he knows he will regret it later. The officer does not seem to be in a talking mood either, which is rare among the otherwise very talkative Karelians. The platoon files past while the serious- looking lieutenant wipes his soot-blackened face, shifts his leather map case's strap to the other shoulder and then reloads his 7.65mm pistol. Then there is a few minutes' break and the last section arrives, its leader reporting all members accounted for before speeding away. Lieutenant Pitkänen turns to the sergeant: "Well that's it then. The next men coming up the hill will be the Russ. Hurt them, and badly! Good luck, Sergeant!" The athletic officer turns around and skis after his men, followed by his messenger. Swish… swish… swish…

The men of 2nd Company, 6th Independent Battalion look southward, beyond the burning buildings of Palkeala hill. Somewhere out there in the dark and now suddenly menacingly silent woods are the Russ. Thousands of them. And they are coming this way.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 25

WINTER OF NO SURRENDER – DESIGNER’S NOTES

The Winter War is special for us Finns. and/or other relatives involved in that war, in Although it lasted but 105 days it decided the one way or another. And no family was fate of the nation and its people… I’m 53 years untouched… the effect of 25 000 dead and old now and I grew up in a free, democratic many more wounded in a population of but 3.7 society in one of the best countries in the million was utterly devastating – equivalent to, world. One needs but look over the border to say, the modern-day United States losing 2.1 see how wrong things could have gone. million men in a war.

And then there are those personal connections So the Winter War is special. It has to be done to the war, all of our players had grandparents right.

ORGANISATION, EQUIPMENT, TACTICS

The units in our campaign have historical values for armor and anti-tank weaponry have orders of battle. In particular I have tried to been re-CoCulated using the best data include full crews for the support weapons. available. This is because I'm hoping the campaign might We’ve also tinkered with the national also be of interest to players of systems other characteristics of the armies involved. The than Chain of Command. Like many skirmish Finns now have less sympathy and patience for games CoC gives support weapons only three any of their leaders who are unsuccessful, and or five-man crews whereas in real life the the Russian Junior Leaders have less initiative. crews were often twice that. Where that matters the most is when the crew takes The Soviets used very peculiar tactics in the casualties, a three-man HMG crew will be early part of the Winter War and here the Pinned far quicker than its historical challenge is of course how to prevent the counterpart. Soviet players from using more advanced late- WWII tactics instead. The Red Army believed Starting with the official army lists I have that the enemy must be defeated in close tailored all the Support Options tables to combat and in fact all activity – including the better reflect action on this particular sector of famous WWI-style assaults over open ground - the Karelian Isthmus. First introduction dates was geared towards making that happen. So are included for many Options reflecting real what we’ve done is stipulated that the Soviet availability. For example, the Soviets first used CO’s Opinion cannot improve unless the armored shields in combat in early February platoon leader either orders a mass assault OR 1940 so they are only available on the historical at least one of this sub-units engages in close first use date. Similarly, Aerosans were first combat with the enemy. In addition, we’ve spotted on the lakes on a given date and their tinkered with the artillery rules (Soviet availability reflects that, and the first reports of barrages are only pre-plotted and fired Russians in snow smocks come from mid- according to a schedule) and also instituted the December. Some support options are only requirement that in an attack all Soviet armor available during a given time of day or a given must stay ahead of the infantry for at least two situation in the campaign. And because Red Air thirds of the way. Force aircraft were a constant menace on this front, I’ve added some rules for them too. All

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 26

CAMPAIGN AND LADDERS

Our club begun a project to play through WWII players forces are part of). While most unit using Chain of Command in much the same histories focus on Infantry Regiments and look way that we’ve embarked on a number of at events from far away this particular work is other projects… someone declares he’s now on the Battalion level and therefore the going to run a game of X and then suddenly experiences of individual platoons are things get slightly out of hand. In this case Aksu recorded, fighting hamlet by hamlet, with said he’d acquired a number of (near-useless) glimpses of the terrain and forces involved. Polish armored vehicles and some troops and While an evening’s CoC game may be covered that he was going to host a Poland 1939 by a single paragraph there is also a paragraph campaign using CoC, a game system we had for next week’s game and the one after that. already been playing for a while. The campaign It’s good stuff. In addition, I had / procured an was great fun and after that we had to figure additional fifteen or so books on Taipale sector out where we could use the same German plus the Battalion’s combat chronicles, and of troops who now had experience from the course I also have an extensive collection of Polish campaign… so suddenly we’re in this works on the Winter War in general and in Grande Campaign intending to play all of WWII particular on various pieces of hardware used using CoC… I forget who came up with the idea, on this sector. it was probably Petri. Anyways we decided to Like elsewhere in our Grande Campaign we are do Saar campaign of 1939 and then the playing At the Sharp End campaign ladders. I invasion of Denmark. However chronologically decided to have a rigid system of four the Winter War takes place before the Campaign Turns per day. From this the Denmark campaign so we had to take care of esteemed gentlemen of our Club of course that first. calculated that the length of the Winter War After a bit of deliberation, I sort of volunteered campaign would be around 420 Campaign to be the campaign GM as this gave me a Turns and they immediately declared that they control over what equipment and troops would refuse to play the campaign after March would be needed and a head start of several 13th 2017, the anniversary of the end of the weeks of painting. Much better than having conflict Since then I've amended the somebody tell me that next week we’ll need campaign so that now the campaign turns are five T-28s… Or at least this should have given one hour long. me a head start but in the event I spent all that time writing orders, character generation, I have distinguished at least four campaign campaign cards, rules and redoing Support lists ladders on the Taipale front which should be and recalculating all values for equipment… ah interesting to play. The first two – which you well… are reading - cover the early battles of the covering forces and runs for a period of several The campaign series is called Winter of No days as the Finns retreat to the main defensive Surrender (WoNS). For setting I chose the lines at Taipale. These battles are very fluid and iconic Taipale sector not so much because it is also interesting in that the Finns too performed also featured in Pekka Parikka’s classic 1989 the occasional counter attack, so the Sharp End film The Winter War but rather because I have campaign ladder where initiative may pass to a great book on the battles fought by the the other side is quite appropriate. Independent Battalion (the unit the Finnish

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 27

The Finnish players play one company and the same time as these battles are raging on table, Soviets two, but both sides will usually only other fighting is going on elsewhere according have a single reinforced platoon on the table at to the historical timetable and results which a given time. will impact the players. For example, this may lead to situations where the players are All the action happens within the historical ordered to retreat several rungs in order to context of what is happening off-table. At the prevent their being surrounded.

LOOKING RIGHT

So that is the history part. But for the finally available, from Early War Miniatures, miniatures wargamer fighting the Winter War but without the improvised sled mount. More is not just about getting the history right, it also troops and equipment can be converted from has to look right on the table. We’ve been the ranges of various other manufacturers. miniatures gaming the Winter War for close to But despite that there are still pieces of Winter twenty years now so we’ve accumulated some War kit and troops we’d love to have on our suitable terrain and kit. table but cannot get them. For example, those We’re playing in 20mm and the selection of Russians in greatcoats have the wrong troops and equipment there is mind-boggling, helmets, for the Winter War we’d need men for example the ST-26 vehicle-launched bridge with model 1936 helmets but they aren’t really tank used at Taipale is available from Shell Hole available in quantity in this scale. Also no one Scenics. Eureka and Fantassin/Warmodelling does Russians with the AVS-36 automatic rifle produced marvelous Winter War Finns, the or the Fedorov automatic carbine. Or the latter sculpted by the talented Spaniard Xan 37mm infantry gun model 1915. Or the mine and Xan now also has good greatcoated sweep pulled behind the T-26, or the armored Soviets, as do SHQ, Italeri and Pegasus Hobbies sled. Or the NKL-16 Aerosan. Conversions and and others. Even the pesky 37mm Bofors anti- scratch-building are always an option but they tank gun is available from ACE, FAA and First to can be lots of work within the schedules set by Fight. The 20mm Madsen automatic cannon is campaign events. But we are doing our best.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 28

FEELING RIGHT

The hardest part of wargaming the Winter War There are also certain gamey aspects to the is achieving the correct feel of the conflict. ruleset. CoC is a game with no spotting or night rules (most of the Winter War was fought in The rules set is probably the most important conditions of low-visibility or darkness) or factor in achieving the feel. I come from what surprise, a game where a machine gun is often could be called the simulationist school of simply six or ten rifles glued together manned wargamers. I enjoy complicated rules and lots by an un-historically small number of men who of tables and I want all my hardware to are unable to, say, illuminate their target with perform in historical fashion and to have all the a flare pistol so that they could actually see advantages and/or foibles of the real thing. where they are aiming just because they are a Unfortunately I game with a bunch of folks who Team, not a Section. CoC is also a game where want to use simple gaming systems, finish their artillery strikes do not actually cause any games in a few hours and then get to go home damage (try explaining that to veterans of to sleep and who think I’m a wargaming Summa or Kollaa), where a direct-firing dinosaur from the Cretaceous age when rule artillery piece is less dangerous to the target sets were hundreds of pages long and had than a section of infantry and where minefields different modifiers for aiming from at knee or are neatly marked for the convenience of the standing firing poses depending on wind enemy (what?). strength. And they’re probably right. All of the above issues and more are being So the challenge was – and still is – how does dealt with in our house rules development. one play the Winter War using our club standard ruleset, Chain of Command, and But if you ask me what is the one showstopper achieve the correct feel? Of course, if I actually issue which really impedes CoC from being the had the answer I wouldn’t be asking such ruleset for WWII I’d say it is spotting, or lack rhetorical questions here would I? thereof. In real life anti-tank rifles and anti- tank guns can be difficult to spot, even when CoC is a great ruleset but I do have my they are firing at your tank. And Soviet misgivings about it. In an effort to keep the veterans of the Winter War mention that it was game “simpler” the designers have opted to impossible to tell which direction the Suomi used six-sided dice and while it works great in SMGs were firing at you as the sound of bullets many places it does result in a certain hitting frozen trees around you was very coarseness and lack of granularity where a +1 similar to the report of the weapon itself. But modifier is often too much but not modifying in CoC these are non-issues, your AT rifleman the result at all is also not ideal. Thus even is obvious to all and therefore toast as soon as when the enemy is entrenched it can be killed he is deployed. by rolling a 6, which is about a 17% chance, way too high especially when you consider that a One fantastic idea in At the Sharp End is the Soviet section will roll 21 dice to hit, of which provision for Wild Cards, that is a collection of about seven will hit the target at effective special events which the players can choose range. And again, if you wanted to add a house from. These range from simple additional rule due to say weather or visibility conditions support options to environmental conditions. I you’d have difficulties due to the inherent of course went totally overboard with these coarseness of the d6 resolution. This problem and now each player probably has some fifty or is totally unnecessary and could have been so Campaign Cards to play during the avoided or at least degraded simply by using campaign. The legend of the Winter War d10s (or d100s, what’s wrong with percentile involves all sorts of events and likely and dice…). unlikely happenings which cannot really

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 29 happen in a game without campaign cards and the chronic unwillingness to give up (removes I’ve tried to include any that I feel are shock and increases Force Morale), gun barrel appropriate for the Taipale sector fighting. explosions, machine guns running out of Readers of Winter War literature will recognize coolant, gas attack scares and of course the many familiar themes such as Soviet explosive Russians marching arm-in-arm during their bullets (cause more casualties), Finnish Sisu i.e. Parade March into Finland.

SO HOW ARE WE DOING?

The jury is still out on our game. We’re its Finnish adversary… what’s worse as there is certainly trying to do justice to the subject, the no spotting all the attackers are able to game looks pretty good I think and the feel of concentrate their considerable firepower on the conflict is definitely there. But… the outnumbered defenders. Thus, the results may be predictable, and unhistorical, The Winter War is a notoriously difficult especially where the Soviets have armor subject to tackle in a miniatures wargame. support. We’ve tried it using several rulesets over the years and found this to be very true, it is So we’re still working on the feel. But for the difficult to mimic the real resilience and moment this is as realistic as I can make it. determination of the Finns in these battles. Or, The Winter War needs to be done right. alternatively, the incompetence and lack of commitment and other difficulties of the Soviets. In these very same battles in 1939 an entrenched Finnish platoon with no anti-tank weapons could hold its own against a company In Tuusula, southern Finland of invaders with tank support for several hours, often with only light or no casualties. But on On the 80th anniversary of the beginning of our tabletop a Soviet platoon has almost twice the Winter War the firepower and 1.7 times the manpower of Eero Juhola

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 30

Bibliography

[B1] Susitaival: Karjalainen pataljoona talvisodassa. WSOY, -, 1963 [B2] 1 / Er.P 6 sotapäiväkirja 7.10.39 - 31.5.40 (P 3075) [B3] 2. / Er.P 6 sotapäiväkirja 13.10.39 - 12.2.40 (P 3075)

[B4] 3. / Er.P 6 sotapäiväkirja 9.10.39 - 18.5.40 (P 3075) [B5] Esik.K / Er.P6 sotapäiväkirja 13.10.39 - 2.3.40 (P 3075) [B6] KKK / Er.P6 sotapäiväkirja 7.10.39 - 29.5.40 (P 3075) [B7] ErP 6 - Ote sotapäiväkirjasta 30.11.1939 - 30.5.1940.(spk 3409) [B8] Sota-arkisto - Talvisodan sotapäiväkirjat 1939-1940 - 1/ErP6 sotapäiväkirja 8.10.1939 - 4.2.1940 (spk 3412). Sota-arkisto, Helsinki 1994 [B9] Sota-arkisto - Talvisodan sotapäiväkirjat 1939-1940 - 2/ErP6 sotapäiväkirja 13.10.1939 - 11.2.1940 (spk 3413). Sota-arkisto, Helsinki 1994 [B10] Sota-arkisto - Talvisodan sotapäiväkirjat 1939-1940 - 3/ErP6 sotapäiväkirja 9.10.1939 - 31.3.1940 (spk 3415). Sota-arkisto, Helsinki 1994 [B11] Sota-arkisto - Talvisodan sotapäiväkirjat 1939-1940 - E/ErP6 sotapäiväkirja 25.12.1939 - 14.3.1940 (spk 437). Sota-arkisto, Helsinki 1994 [B12] -: Tietoja N-L:n armeijasta I, Päämaja tiedusteluosasto, - 1941 [B13] -: Tietoja N-L:n armeijasta II - Liite, -, - 1941 [B14] -: Tietoja N-L:n armeijasta II, Päämaja tiedusteluosasto, - 1941 [B15] Kolomyjec, Maksym: Tanks in the Winter War 1939-1940. Leandoer & Ekholm förlag, Stockholm 2008 [B16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BA-3/6

[B17] Sword of the Motherland Historical Foundation webiste http://www.russianwarrior.com/1939_History_Armystat.htm [B18] RKKA.ru webisite at http://rkka.ru/idocs.htm [B19] Koll, Christian: Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Christian Koll, Austria 2009

[B20] The Jaegerplatoon website at https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/Infantry_guns.htm

[B21] Palokangas, Markku: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 31

Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Sotataidon laitos – Julkaisusarja 2: Tutkimuksia nro 2. Docendo, -, 2016

[B22] https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/76-мм_полковая_пушка_образца_1927_года

[B23] Zaloga, Steven J.: T-26 Light Tank - Backbone of the Red Army. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2015

[B24] T-26 monistesarja - T-26 psv:n optilliset välineet. Panssarikoulu, -, -

[B25] Lumme, A: T-26 Psv - Aseet ja optiset välineet. Puolustusvoimain pääesikunta - Taisteluvälineosasto, -, 1952

[B26] Kinnear, James: Russian Armored Cars 1930-2000, Darlington Publications Inc., Darlington Maryland 2000

[B27] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-82_(rocket_family)

[B28] Taktillinen opas II. Pääesikunta Taktillinen toimisto, -, 1939

[B29] -: Korutonta kertomaa – Satayksi sotamuistelmaa. Taipale, Summa, Suomussalmi, Kollaa, Salla. Kadettioppilaskunta, -, 1940 [B30] Akkanen, Mauri: Isäni – Taipaleen taistelija. Mauri Akkanen, -

[B31] Campbell, David: Finnish Soldier versus Soviet Soldier – Winter War 1939-40. Osprey Combat 21. Osprey Publishing Ltd., Oxfors 2016

[B32] Geijer B. G. : Talvisodan Taipale - Tutkimus sitkeästä puolustamisesta. WSOY, 1955

[B33] Hosia, Eino: Tuliholvin alla - Romaani sodasta. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki 1940

[B34] Kähönen, Urho: Voittamattomat pataljoonat : Taipaleen talvisota, painos: 1, 1982

[B35] Linnanterä, Paavo: Taipaleenjoki – Tuonelanjoki – Komppanianpäällikön päivä- ja tilikirjasta. Alea-kirja, - 1974

[B36] Moberg, V.A.: Kolmas prikaati iskee – Talvisota partion johtajan silmin. Omakirja Oy

[B37] Mäkelä, J.L: Taipaleenjoki. WSOY, - 1971

[B38] Muilu, Martti Juhani: Taipale – Metsäpirtti – Tappari – Erään ylioppilaan sota 1939- 1944. Alea-kirja Oy, - 1988

[B39] Pylkäs: Rokka – Kertomus konekiväärimiehen sodasta. Kustannusliike Pohjola ja Kumpp. Jyväskylä, 1956

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 32

[B40] Reinikainen: Posliinipojan talvisota - Taipaleenjoen tulessa. Kirjayhtymä, - 1980

[B41] Simojoki, Kaarlo: Taipale. Otava, - 1941

[B42] Sistola, Kalle: Taipaleen tarinoita – Päiväkirja ja muistikuvia JR 21:stä talvisodan ajoilta. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo Helsinki 1953

[B43] Sorko, Kimmo & Seppänen, Erkki: Kempin rykmentti - Jalkaväkirykmentti 30/21 1939-1940, painos: 2., uudistettu, Minerva Kustannus Oy, - 2005

[B44] Sorko, Kimmo: Keskisuomalaisten Taipale 1939-1940. Jalkaväkirykmentti 19 (28), Kevyt Osasto 7 (10), Niemen Patteristo, Keskisuomalaiset kaatuneet. Kimmo Sorko, Jyväskylä 1998

[B45] Sorko, Kimmo: Linjoja ja linnoituksia – Osa 1 – Talvisodan Taipaleen puolustuslohkon kanta- ja kenttälinnoittaminen itsenäisyyden alusta ylimääräisten harjoitusten alkuun sekä linnoitussuunnitelmia. Kopijyvä kustannus, Jyväskylä 2003

[B46] Sorko Kimmo: Sillan patteristo Taipaleen taisteluissa 1939-1940, painos: 1, 2011

[B47] Sorko, Kimmo: Suvannon salpa: Wartiovaaran rykmentti JR 29/20 ja Merenheimon patteristo III/KTR 10/7 talvisodan Sakkolan puolustuslohkolla 1939-40, Minerva Kustannus Oy, Jyväskylä 2004

[B48] Irincheev, Bair: The Mannerheim Line 1920-39 - Finnish Fortifications of the Winter War. Osprey Fortress 88. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2009

[B49] Uitto, Antero & Geust, Carl-Fredrik: Mannerheim-linja - Talvisodan legenda. Ajatus Kirjat - Gummerrus Kustannus Oy, Helsinki 2006 [B50] Irincheev, Bair: War of the White Death. Finland against the Soviet Union 1939-40. Pen & Sword Military, South Yorkshire 2011

[B51] Stepakov, Viktor & Orehov, Dmitri: Paraatimarssi Suomeen – Talvisota venäläisten silmin. WSOY, Porvoo 1992

[B52] -: Jalkaväen ohjesääntö (J.O.I) 1932 osa I. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki 1940

[B53] https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/142-я_стрелковая_дивизия [B54] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142nd_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union) [B55] Kilkki, Pertti: Talvisodan suojajoukkotaistelut Karjalan kannaksella. -, -, - [B56] Wikman, K.L.: Kiväärikomppanian komentoryhmä. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki 1934 [B57] https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannerheim-linja

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 33

[B59] -: Jalkaväen ohjesääntö (J.O.II2) 1932 osa II - Yksikköjen taistelu. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki 1932 [B61] Huhtala, P: Upseeri - Upseerien ja aliupseerien kertaus- ja jatko-opiskelukirja- Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo 1941 [B62] Juhola, Eero: T-26 panssarivaunu. v.1.03. -, -, 2015

[B63] Mäkipirtti, Markku: Sotiemme ajoneuvot 1939-1945. Ajoneuvot Suomessa 8. Kustantaja Laaksonen, Porvoo 2017

[B64] Ledwoch, Janusz: Czolgi BT. Tank Power #57. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 1999

[B65] Kolomyjec, Maxsym: T-37 T-38 T-40. Tank Power vol. III 211. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 2004

[B66] Czubaczin, Aleksander: T-27. Tank Power vol. XXXI 255. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 2006

[B67] Aseopas III - Venäläisiä aseita. Päämaja, Koulutusosasto, -, 1940

[B68] Roos, H & Ekman, T & Susi, S.: Upseerin käsikirja. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki 1939

[B69] -: Kenttätyöohjesääntö II (K. TYÖ O. II). Yliesikunta, Osasto 4, Helsinki 1939

[B70] Irincheev, Bair: Talvisodan kadonneet kuvat. Bair Irincheev, - 2010

[B71] Irincheev, Bair: Talvisota venäläisin silmin. Minerva Kustannus Oy, Helsinki 2012

[B72] Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti: Talvisodan pikkujättiläinen. WSOY, Helsinki 1999

[B73] Shalito, Anton & Savchenkov Ilya & Mollo, Andrew: Red Army Uniforms of World War II in Colour Photographs. Europa Militaria No 14. Windrow & Greene, London 1993/1995

[B74] Kolomyjec, Maksym & Moszczanski, Ilja: T-28 - T-29. Tank power #160. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 1999

[B75] Pitkänen, Timo & Simpanen, Timo: Suomalaiset sotilaspatruunat 1918-1945 - The Finnish Military Cartridges 1918-1945. Apali Oy, Tampere 2004.

[B76] Baryatinsky, Mikhail & Kinnear, Jim: Steel Fortress - The Russian T-28 Medium Tank. Barbarossa Books, Essex 2000.

[B77] Kolomyjec, Maxsym & Swirin, Michail: T-26 vol. I. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 2003.

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 34

[B78] Pavlov, M. & Zheltov, I & Pavlov, I: Tanki BT. OOO Lzdatel'skiy tsentr "Eksprint", Moskva 2001.

[B79] Petrasevitsh, P.: Aselajit ja sotatekniikka. Valtion kustannusliike Kirja, Petroskoi 1932.

[B80] -: Muutokset ja lisäykset JO I:een ja JO II2:een. Puolustusvoimain pääesikunta - Koulutusosasto, Helsinki 1941. [B81] -: Huhtala, P.: Kivääri- ja pikakivääriryhmä taistelussa - Ryhmänjohtajan taisteluopas. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo - Helsinki 1935 [B82] Kolomyjec, Maxsym & Swirin, Michail: T-26 vol. III. Wydawnictwo Militaria, Warszawa 2004.

[B83] Vihavainen, Timo & Saharov, Andrei: Tuntematon talvisota - Neuvostoliiton salaisen poliisin kansiot. Edita Publishing Oy, Helsinki 2009.

[B84] Hamina RUK-museo, permanent exhibition

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 35

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION SCENE 1 - 0245 HOURS, NOVEMBER 28, 1939 ...... Introduction 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE WINTER OF NO SURRENDER CAMPAIGN SERIES ...... Introduction 3 LEGAL STUFF ...... Introduction 4 CREDITS ...... Introduction 5 SCENE 2 - 1100 HOURS, NOVEMBER 28, 1939 ...... Introduction 6 INTRODUCTION TO THE WINTER WAR ...... Introduction 7 THE MANNERHEIM LINE ...... Introduction 10 SCREENING FORCES ...... Introduction 11

GROUP RAUTU (R-Group) ...... Introduction 12 6TH INDEPENDENT BATTALION ...... Introduction 13 7th BORDER COMPANY ...... Introduction 14 THE 142nd INFANTRY DIVISION ...... Introduction 15 THE CAMPAIGN(s) ...... Introduction 17 CAMPAIGN CARDS ...... Introduction 17 SCENE THREE - 0817 HOURS, NOVEMBER 30, 1939 ...... Introduction 18 OVERALL MAP OF THE THIRD BRIGADE AREA OF OPERATIONS ...... Introduction 20 THE LADDERS AND CAMPAIGN MAPS ...... Introduction 21 SCENE FOUR - 1817 HOURS, NOVEMBER 30, 1939 ...... Introduction 24 WINTER OF NO SURRENDER – DESIGNER’S NOTES ...... Introduction 26 ORGANISATION, EQUIPMENT, TACTICS ...... Introduction 26 CAMPAIGN AND LADDERS ...... Introduction 27 LOOKING RIGHT ...... Introduction 28 FEELING RIGHT ...... Introduction 29 SO HOW ARE WE DOING? ...... Introduction 30

Bibliography ...... Introduction 31 Table of Contents ...... Introduction 36

OPTIONAL RULES R1. FULL HISTORICAL TOE AND EQUIPMENT ...... Optional Rules 1 R1.1. INFANTRY PLATOON TOEs ...... Optional Rules 1 R1.2. SUPPORT UNIT TOEs ...... Optional Rules 1 R1.3 GUN LEADERS ...... Optional Rules 2 R1.4 SUPPORT CHOICES ...... Optional Rules 3

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 36

R1.4.1 Weapons ...... Optional Rules 3 R1.4.2 Heroes ...... Optional Rules 3 R1.4.3 Reconnaissance Elements ...... Optional Rules 4 R1.5 CAPTURED EQUIPMENT ...... Optional Rules 4 R2. FATIGUE AND EXHAUSTION ...... Optional Rules 5 R3. SMALLER FORCES ...... Optional Rules 7 R4. SURPRISE ...... Optional Rules 7

R5. NIGHT FIGHTING ...... Optional Rules 8 R5.1 VISIBILIY ...... Optional Rules 8 R5.2 SOUNDS ...... Optional Rules 9 R5.3 LEADERS ...... Optional Rules 9 R5.4 FORCE MORALE ...... Optional Rules 10 R6. LONGER RANGES ...... Optional Rules 10 R7. COVER ...... Optional Rules 11 R8. COVERING FIRE ...... Optional Rules 11 R9. MEDIUM MACHINE GUNS ...... Optional Rules 11 R9.1 SUSTAINED FIRE ...... Optional Rules 11 R9.2 SUSTAINED OVERWATCH ...... Optional Rules 11 R9.3 INDIRECT FIRE ...... Optional Rules 12 R10. MINEFIELDS ...... Optional Rules 12 R10.1 SPOTTING MINEFIELDS ...... Optional Rules 12 R10.2 ANTI-PERSONNEL MINEFIELDS ...... Optional Rules 12 R10.3 ANTI-TANK MINEFIELDS ...... Optional Rules 13 R10.4 DEALING WITH MINEFIELDS ...... Optional Rules 14 R10.4.1 Clearing of Minefields by Ordinary Troops ...... Optional Rules 14 R10.4.2 Negotiating Known Minefields ...... Optional Rules 15 R11. BOOBY TRAPS ...... Optional Rules 15 R12. GRENADES AND GRENADE BUNDLES ...... Optional Rules 16 R13. SATCHEL CHARGES ...... Optional Rules 17 R14. RIFLE GRENADES ...... Optional Rules 19 R15. The 50mm MORTAR ...... Optional Rules 21 R16. GENERAL GUN GUIDELINES ...... Optional Rules 21 R16.1 ARMOR_PIERCING PROJECTILES ...... Optional Rules 22 R16.2 HIGH_EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES ...... Optional Rules 23 R16.3 CANISTER ...... Optional Rules 24 R16.4 SHRAPNEL ...... Optional Rules 25 R16.5 SETTING UP ...... Optional Rules 27

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 37

R17. THE 37mm INFANTRY GUN ...... Optional Rules 28 R18. THE 37mm BOFORS AT GUN ...... Optional Rules 29 R19. THE SOVIET 45mm AT GUNS ...... Optional Rules 30 R20. THE 76mm REGIMENTAL GUN ...... Optional Rules 31 R21. THE SOVIET 37MM ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUN MODEL 1939 ...... Optional Rules 33 R22. GENERAL TANKS AND ARMORED CARS RULES ...... Optional Rules 33 R22.1 The T-26 Light Tank Family ...... Optional Rules 34 R22.1.1 The T-26 Model 1931 (T-26A) ...... Optional Rules 34 R22.1.2 The T-26 Model 1932 (T-26A with 37mm gun) ...... Optional Rules 34 R22.1.3 The T-26 Models 1933-1940, T-26-1 (T-26B, T-26C) ...... Optional Rules 35

R22.1.4 The KHt-26 (OT-26, XT-26) Flamethrower Tank ...... Optional Rules 37

R22.1.5 The KHt-130 (OT-130, XT-130) Flamethrower Tank ...... Optional Rules 37 R22.1.6 The ST-26 Engineer Tank ...... Optional Rules 38 R22.2 The T-27 Tankette ...... Optional Rules 40 R22.3 The T-37A and T-38 Amphibious Tankettes ...... Optional Rules 40 R22.4 Light Armored Cars ...... Optional Rules 41 R22.5 Heavy Armored Cars ...... Optional Rules 42 R23. ARTILLERY AND MORTAR BARRAGES ...... Optional Rules 43 R23.1 ARTILLERY AND MORTAR RESOLUTION PROCEDURE ...... Optional Rules 43 R23.1.1 SOVIET ARTILLERY ...... Optional Rules 43 R23.1.2 FINNISH ARTILLERY...... Optional Rules 46 R23.2 SMOKE AMMUNITION ...... Optional Rules 49 R23.3 FORWARD OBSERVERS AND SUPPORT WEAPON SPOTTERS ...... Optional Rules 49 R24. AIR ASSETS ...... Optional Rules 50 R24.1 GROUND ATTACK PROCEDURE ...... Optional Rules 50 R22.1.1 TARGETING ...... Optional Rules 50 R22.1.2 BOMBING ...... Optional Rules 51 R22.1.3 ROCKET ATTACKS ...... Optional Rules 51 R22.1.4 STRAFING ...... Optional Rules 53 R22.1.5 ANTI_AIRCRAFT FIRE ...... Optional Rules 53 R25. PRISONERS AND DESERTERS ...... Optional Rules 54 R26. BURNING BUILDINGS ...... Optional Rules 54

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 38

SOVIET INFORMATION RIFLE COMPANY, 1938 Field Manual ...... Soviet Information 1 RIFLE COMPANY, September 1939 ...... Soviet Information 3 SOVIET NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ...... Soviet Information 7 Soviet Senior Leaders Backgrounds ...... Soviet Information 9 Soviet Junior Leaders Backgrounds ...... Soviet Information 10 APPEARANCE AND PHYSIQUE ...... Soviet Information 11 SOVIET MEDALS ...... Soviet Information 11 ATTACHED ARMOR UNITS ...... Soviet Information 11 LIGHT TANK PLATOON ...... Soviet Information 11 AMPHIBIOUS TANK PLATOON ...... Soviet Information 12 ENGINEER TANK PLATOON ...... Soviet Information 13 SOVIET MASTER ARSENAL TABLE ...... Soviet Information 13 VEHICLES ...... Soviet Information 15 SOVIET SUPPORT LIST ...... Soviet Information 16 SOVIET CAMPAIGN CARDS ...... Soviet Information 28 Campaigns I & II - Soviet Battalion Orders ...... Soviet Information 36

FINNISH INFORMATION

FINNISH PLATOON, 7th BORDER COMPANY 1939 ...... Finnish Information 1 Machine Gun Half-Platoon ...... Finnish Information 2 FINNISH COMPANY, 6th Independent Battalion 1939-1940 ...... Finnish Information 3 Machine Gun Platoon ...... Finnish Information 4 Medium Mortar Platoon ...... Finnish Information 5 FINNISH NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ...... Finnish Information 7 Sidebar - Did the Finns Really Fight as Teams ...... Finnish Information 8 Finnish Officers Backgrounds ...... Finnish Information 9 Finnish Non-Commissioned Officers Backgrounds ...... Finnish Information 10 APPEARANCE AND PHYSIQUE ...... Finnish Information 11 FINNISH MEDALS ...... Finnish Information 11 FINNISH MASTER ARSENAL TABLE ...... Finnish Information 12 FINNISH SUPPORT LIST ...... Finnish Information 13 FINNISH CAMPAIGN CARDS ...... Finnish Information 24 7th Border Company Orders ...... Finnish Information 31

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 39

CAMPAIGN LADDER

General Terrain Notes ...... Campaign Ladder 1 Map Key ...... Campaign Ladder 11 Location N. RAUTU ...... Campaign Ladder 12 Location M. PIENAUTIO ...... Campaign Ladder 15 Location L. PIENPORKKU ...... Campaign Ladder 17 Location K. SUURPORKKU ...... Campaign Ladder 20 Location J. MULLIKKA ...... Campaign Ladder 22 Location I. POINT 72 ...... Campaign Ladder 24 Location H. RIIKOLA CEMETERY ...... Campaign Ladder 26 Location G. RIIKOLA VICARAGE ...... Campaign Ladder 28 Location F. TUOMELA ...... Campaign Ladder 30 Location E. PALKEALA ...... Campaign Ladder 32 Location D. JOLLONKORPI SUURSUO ...... Campaign Ladder 34 Location C. KAIVOSUO ...... Campaign Ladder 36 Location B. HUHTI ...... Campaign Ladder 38 Location A. HUHTI OUTPOST ...... Campaign Ladder 40

UMPIRE'S INFORMATION

UI. How to Run This Campaign ...... Umpire's Information 1 U1.1 Rules...... Umpire's Information 2 U1.2 Decisions Before the Campaign Begins ...... Umpire's Information 2 U1.3 Decisions at the Beginning of the Campaign ...... Umpire's Information 3 U1.4 The Campaign Ladder ...... Umpire's Information 5 U1.5 Campaign Turn (Hour) Sequence ...... Umpire's Information 7 U1.6 Weather ...... Umpire's Information 8 U1.7 Initiative and Actions ...... Umpire's Information 10 U1.7.1 Example of campaign play ...... Umpire's Information 12 U1.8 Force Size and Table Selection ...... Umpire's Information 15 U1.9 Fatigue and Exhaustion ...... Umpire's Information 18 U1.10 Victory Conditions ...... Umpire's Information 19 U1.11 Using the Campaigns Separately ...... Umpire's Information 20 U1.12 Using These Campaigns without an Umpire ...... Umpire's Information 22 U1.13 Using These Campaigns with Other Rule Sets ...... Umpire's Information 22 U2. Umpire's Notes for the Campaign Ladders ...... Umpire's Information 24

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 40

Location N. RAUTU ...... Umpire's Information 24 Location M. PIENAUTIO ...... Umpire's Information 25 Location L. PIENPORKKU ...... Umpire's Information 25 Location K. SUURPORKKU ...... Umpire's Information 25 Location J. MULLIKKA ...... Umpire's Information 26 Location I. POINT 72 ...... Umpire's Information 26 Location H. RIIKOLA CEMETERY ...... Umpire's Information 26 Location G. RIIKOLA VICARAGE ...... Umpire's Information 26 Location F. TUOMELA ...... Umpire's Information 27 Location E. PALKEALA ...... Umpire's Information 28 Location D. JOLLONKORPI SUURSUO ...... Umpire's Information 29 Location C. KAIVOSUO ...... Umpire's Information 30 Location B. HUHTI ...... Umpire's Information 30 Location A. HUHTI OUTPOST ...... Umpire's Information 31 U3. Campaign Timeline Tracker ...... Umpire's Information 32 U4. Make Them Bleed - Special Scenario ...... Umpire's Information 41

Winter of No Surrender - Campaigns 1-2 - Introduction v.2.2 41