DOCSLIB.ORG

'The Louse, the Itch, Or the Pox': Diseases of the Prisoners in 18Th

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'The Louse, the Itch, Or the Pox': Diseases of the Prisoners in 18Th London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Transactions, 67 (2016), 297—308 ‘THE LOUSE, THE ITCH, OR THE POX’: DISEASES OF THE PRISONERS IN 18th-CENTURY MIDDLESEX Audrey Eccles SUMMARY the most direct route, county to county until they reached their settlement and became This paper will explore the surviving evidence about the responsibility of the parish overseers of the diseases of prisoners in the two prisons, New the poor (Eccles 2006, 83). Prostitution, not Prison and Clerkenwell Bridewell, managed by the illegal in itself, was often dealt with under county of Middlesex in the 18th century, particularly vagrancy law (Eccles 2012, 65, 81). Inevitably in Clerkenwell Bridewell. The chief sources are the these groups were often also the most Middlesex orders of court, sessions papers relating to malnourished and diseased. Many vagrants the prisons including bills for burials, the lying-in of indeed were only arrested because they were female prisoners and necessaries for the sick prisoners, ill or on the point of giving birth. and from 1777 the reports of the county surgeon- In Clerkenwell Bridewell in the middle apothecary. The original documents are supplemented of the 18th century a flourishing trade by printed sources including the description of in prostitution carried on; the locker (or Clerkenwell Bridewell in 1757 by Jacob Ilive, a printer gaoler), unnamed but probably the head who had been imprisoned there for seditious libel, other locker, was mainly responsible though other contemporary accounts of prisons and medical texts. lockers were involved, and many, perhaps Although it appears that the surgeon diagnosed a most, of the women who came into the wide range of diseases among the prisoners, the most bridewell were already well practised in the prevalent diseases were fevers and those associated trade. This locker routinely offered male with filth, overcrowding and promiscuity, especially in prisoners a girl and a bed, for which he the bridewell, where vagrants and prostitutes formed a expected a tip of a shilling or so; the fee for high proportion of the inmates. the bed, as in other prisons, was part of the keeper’s emoluments. This locker and two INTRODUCTION others admitted they had been poxed in the bridewell, and one particular prostitute The Bow Street magistrate Henry Fielding was nicknamed a ‘fireship’ because she declared in 1751 that all bridewells were had ‘burned’, that is poxed, so many men. ‘Common-shores of Nastiness and Disease’ Whether the men who accepted the locker’s (Fielding 1751, 48). A major part of the offer and the women who took part were problem, especially in bridewells, was the already diseased is an open question, but type of prisoner committed there; they were evidently this trade put at risk any prisoner, mainly petty criminals drawn from the poorer male or female, who did not already have the classes, vagrants and ‘disorderly women’ — disease. Jacob Ilive, when offered his choice prostitutes in other words. Vagrancy law made of the girls there, declined on the grounds bridewells the place of detention and pick- that they all had ‘the Louse, the Itch, or the up point for vagrants being passed back, by Pox’ (Ilive 1757, 13—14). 297 298 Audrey Eccles Although Fielding was clearly aware of the building to a Quaker community for use this aspect of prison life, and it is hard to as a workhouse and the remainder became believe the other Middlesex justices could New Prison and Clerkenwell Bridewell. All have been completely ignorant, no trace of three institutions had party-walls separating it appears in the official records, although them, and contiguous ‘backsides’ used, in the surgeon’s reports in the last quarter of the case of the prisons, as exercise yards for the 18th century provide abundant evidence the prisoners and shelters in bad weather, that the pox was very common. Bridewells rubbish tips, soaking and drying sheds for had always been intended to set the prisoners oakum, lodges for the porters and for the to hard labour (Innes 1987, 42), whereas admission and discharge of prisoners. other types of prison had no such provision, The prison buildings were constantly in except that sometimes debtors could work need of repair, partly because of their age and at their own trades where practicable. Most partly because the prisoners damaged them, bridewells, including Clerkenwell Bridewell, often in attempts to escape. The county could interpreted hard labour as either beating be tardy in giving permission for money to be hemp or picking oakum. In his well-known spent on repairs, and parsimonious in agreeing series of prints, The Harlot’s Progress, William estimates, so that delays and use of poor Hogarth depicts the harlot in the bridewell quality materials for economy caused further beating hemp and finally dying of the pox.1 deterioration. As the prison population This paper will explore the surviving increased and gradual reforms took place, evidence about the diseases of prisoners mainly in the last quarter of the 18th century, in the two prisons, New Prison and subdivision, extension and change of use also Clerkenwell Bridewell (also referred to as needed to be accommodated: for example, ‘the bridewell’), managed by the county of the separation of male and female prisoners Middlesex in the 18th century. The chief in 1760,2 previously herded together and a sources are the Middlesex orders of court, contributory factor in the flourishing trade in sessions papers relating to the prisons prostitution described by Ilive (1757, 13—19), including bills for burials, the lying-in of and after the 1774 Health of Prisoners Act female prisoners and necessaries for the (14 George III c.59) the allocation of male sick prisoners, and from 1777 the reports and female sick wards and the provision of of the county surgeon-apothecary. These bathing arrangements. original documents are supplemented by New Prison was a ‘common prison’ for printed sources including the description of all types of prisoners and thus overlapped Clerkenwell Bridewell in 1757 by Jacob Ilive, with the bridewell, but it also held debtors a printer who had been imprisoned there for and felons, some on capital charges, who seditious libel, other contemporary accounts were moved to Newgate shortly before of prisons and medical texts. Although it the sessions for trial at the Old Bailey, and appears that the surgeon diagnosed a wide often back again to serve prison sentences. range of diseases among the prisoners (not Clerkenwell Bridewell held prisoners on necessarily accurately bearing in mind minor charges, some awaiting trial at the the vast difference in medical knowledge sessions house or committed for a few days between the 18th and 21st centuries), it by a justice, others sentenced by the sessions seems clear that the most prevalent diseases to whipping or imprisonment and hard were fevers and those associated with filth, labour or both. Both prisons came under overcrowding and promiscuity, especially in increasing pressure as the American war the bridewell, where vagrants and prostitutes caused a temporary halt to transportation formed a high proportion of the inmates. (Hitchcock 2013, 13—19); many provincial prisons also became seriously overcrowded, THE PRISONS with increased health risks. Both Clerkenwell Bridewell and New Prison THE HEALTH OF PRISONERS ACT 1774 were housed in premises originally built in 1615 and leased to the county in 1685 Prisoners were not a universally popular (Sugden 1997, 68). The county sublet part of charitable cause, but self-interest when an The Louse, the Itch, or the Pox: Diseases of Prisoners in 18th-Century Middlesex 299 epidemic affected the courts or the town structions of the act into practice, and often prompted action. A 1750 epidemic, indeed had paid some attention to the brought from Newgate by prisoners prisoners’ health even before 1774. A matron appearing for trial at the Old Bailey, cast a was in post before 1735; her duties covered very long shadow in the metropolis; it not both prisons, although they were never only killed prisoners but a considerable specified. Matrons, often keepers’ wives, number of important people attending the were appointed consecutively until 1774 court including judges, sheriffs, jurymen when the current matron was dismissed as, and Sir Samuel Pennant, the Lord Mayor ‘of no kind of use’, having refused to attend (Howard 1777, 19; Evans 1982, 95). As a women in labour.3 She seems never to have result, a windmill ventilator was installed been replaced. at Newgate (Evans 1982, 99), but it was not Nursing was done by prisoners of both until the Health of Prisoners Act of 1774 that sexes, usually convalescent prisoners, and attempts were made to introduce sweeping small payments to them or an allowance of changes to prison conditions nationally. beer appear irregularly in the prison bills; The celebrated prison reformer John probably they did little more than fetch Howard gave evidence before the House of and carry, empty chamber pots and mop Commons in the run-up to the act and there the floors occasionally, although after the seems to have been little doubt that the time surgeon’s appointment some may have had come for action. assisted him if necessary. After the 1774 Act This act, in addition to the appointment routine cleaning was required and it too of a medical man to each county, required was done by prisoners. A group of prisoners a report on the prisoners’ health to each led by a plasterer named Joseph Spence quarter sessions and stipulated that the whitewashed the bridewell in 1779; they interior of each prison must be scraped and received an extra food allowance and Spence whitewashed, at least annually, regularly received a gratuity of 10s 6d.4 A midwife washed and kept clean, and aired by means appears erratically in the prison bills, of hand ventilators or otherwise.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation Plan Old Sessions House 22 Clerkenwell Green London Ec1r Ona
    CONSERVATION PLAN OLD SESSIONS HOUSE 22 CLERKENWELL GREEN LONDON EC1R ONA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Old Sessions House is one of the finest and most important historic buildings in Clerkenwell. Constructed in the late eighteenth century as the Middlesex Sessions House for the magistrates’ courts, it is a high-status building intended to dominate Clerkenwell Green and its surroundings. In 1860 onwards it was re-modelled and extended to present grander elevations to the newly laid out Farringdon and Clerkenwell Roads. Following the relocation of the magistrates courts in 1920 the premises became the headquarters of Avery Scales, and in the 1970s the building was acquired as a Masonic Lodge who occupied the premises until 2013. The new owners, Ted and Oliver Grebelius are therefore only the fourth proprietors in a 235 year history. 2. This Conservation Plan evaluates the historic and architectural significance of the building and its surviving fabric. It sets out the risks and opportunities in the context of the building’s condition, status and current conservation policy. It makes proposals for the repair and enhancement of the building, including a strategy of phased work. It suggests how improvements can be made to the setting of the building within the surrounding environment of Clerkenwell Green and Farringdon Lane. INTRODUCTION 3. This Conservation Plan for the Old Sessions House, Clerkenwell Green, has been commissioned by Oliver and Ted Grebelius, who acquired the building in late 2013. The Plan aims to inform and direct an appropriate way forward to re-use this important historic building and its immediate environs.
    [Show full text]
  • King Mob Echo: from Gordon Riots to Situationists & Sex Pistols
    KING MOB ECHO FROM 1780 GORDON RIOTS TO SITUATIONISTS SEX PISTOLS AND BEYOND BY TOM VAGUE INCOMPLETE WORKS OF KING MOB WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES DARK STAR LONDON ·- - � --- Printed by Polestar AUP Aberdeen Limited, Rareness Rd., Altens Industrial Estate, Aberdeen AB12 3LE § 11JJJDJJDILIEJMIIENf1r 1f(Q) KIINCGr JMI(Q)IB3 JECCIHI(Q) ENGLISH SECTION OF THE SITUATIONIST INTERNATIONAL IF([J)IF ffiIE V ([J) IL lUilII ([J) W §IFIEIEIIJ) IHIII§il([J) ffiY ADDITIONAL RESEARCH BY DEREK HARRIS AND MALCOLM HOPKINS Illustrations: 'The Riots in Moorfields' (cover), 'The London Riots', 'at Langdale's' by 'Phiz' Hablot K. Browne, Horwood's 1792-9 'Plan of London', 'The Great Rock'n'Roll Swindle', 'Oliver Twist Manifesto' by Malcolm McLaren. Vagrants and historical shout outs: Sandra Belgrave, Stewart Home, Mark Jackson, Mark Saunders, Joe D. Stevens at NDTC, Boz & Phiz, J. Paul de Castro, Blue Bredren, Cockney Visionaries, Dempsey, Boss Goodman, Lord George Gordon, Chris Gray, Jonathon Green, Jefferson Hack, Christopher Hibbert, Hoppy, Ian Gilmour, Ish, Dzifa & Simone at The Grape, Barry Jennings, Joe Jones, Shaun Kerr, Layla, Lucas, Malcolm McLaren, John Mead, Simon Morrissey, Don Nicholson-Smith, Michel Prigent (pre-publicity), Charlie Radcliffe, Jamie Reid, George Robertson & Melinda Mash, Dragan Rad, George Rude, Naveen Saleh, Jon Savage, Valerie Solanas, Carolyn Starren & co at Kensington Library, Mark Stewart, Toko, Alex Trocchi, Fred & Judy Vermorel, Warren, Dr. Watson, Viv Westwood, Jack Wilkes, Dave & Stuart Wise Soundtrack: 'It's a London Thing' Scott Garcia, 'Going Mobile' The Who, 'Living for the City' Stevie Wonder, 'Boston Tea Party' Alex Harvey, 'Catholic Day' Adam and the Ants, 'Do the Strand' Roxy Music', 'Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Pracy Family History from Tudor Times to the 1920S
    Pracy family history: the origins, growth and scattering of a Wiltshire and East London family from Tudor times to the 1920s, 5th edition (illustrated) by David Pracy (b. 1946) List of illustrations and captions ..................................................................................... 2 Note: what’s new ............................................................................................................ 5 Part 1: Wiltshire ............................................................................................................. 6 1. Presseys, Precys and Pracys ................................................................................... 7 2. Bishopstone ............................................................................................................ 8 3. The early Precys ................................................................................................... 11 4. The two Samuels .................................................................................................. 15 5. The decline of the Precys in Bishopstone ............................................................ 20 Part 2: The move to London ......................................................................................... 23 6. Edward Prascey (1707-1780) and his sister Elizabeth’s descendants .................. 23 7. Three London apprentices and their families........................................................ 34 8. Edmund the baker (1705-1763) and his family ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Venues of Popular Politics in London, 1790–C. 1845
    2. ‘Bastilles of despotism’: radical resistance in the Coldbath Fields House of Correction, 1798–18301 In the early morning of 13 July 1802, the road from London to the town of Brentford was already buzzing with a carnival atmosphere. Thousands had assembled on foot while others rode in hackney coaches; riders on horseback and bands of musicians formed a cavalcade that snaked along the roadways.2 The 1802 elections for Middlesex had become a major spectacle in the metropolis during the month of July.3 Crowds assembled each day at the Piccadilly home of Sir Francis Burdett to accompany their hero to the hustings. Burdett, the independent Whig MP for Boroughbridge and vocal opponent of William Pitt, had been enticed to London to contest the Middlesex elections by his close radical supporters.4 The streetscape was a panorama of vivid deep blue: banners were draped across buildings, ribbons were tied and handkerchiefs waved in Burdett’s electoral colour by thousands of supporters. The occasional hint of light blue or splatter of orange in the crowd meant supporters of rival contestants, such as Tory MP William Mainwaring, had unwisely spilled into the procession.5 Three horsemen led the massive entourage, each bearing a large blue banner, with the words ‘No Bastille’ illuminated in golden letters. The words inflamed the otherwise festive throng; angry chants of ‘No magistrates’ and ‘No Bastille’ reverberated among the crowd. Newgate, however, was not the object of scorn, but rather a new prison, the Coldbath Fields House of Correction, and the Middlesex magistrates responsible for its management.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newgate Calendar Edited by Donal Ó Danachair Supplement 2
    The Newgate Calendar Edited By Donal Ó Danachair Supplement 2 Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2016 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain THE NEWGATE CALENDAR CONTENTS GERALD FITZGERALD Executed For Murder, 24th of December, 1703 ...............10 JOHN BIGG Convicted of Altering a Bank Note ........................................................11 JOHN GORDON, WILLIAM KERR AND JOHN DORRELL Jacobites Executed for High Treason ...............................................................................................................12 JOHN MATTHEWS Executed for High Treason in Printing a Jacobite Pamphlet...13 FRANCIS BRIGHTWELL AND BENJAMIN BRIGHTWELL Tried For a Highway Robbery........................................................................................................................15 ANTHONY DRURY Executed for Highway Robbery ...............................................18 JAMES CARNEGIE, ESQ. Tried for Murder.............................................................20 MARTIN NOWLAND Executed for High Treason....................................................22 JAMES ANNESLEY, ESQ, AND JOSEPH REDDING Tried for Murder................24 RICHARD BIGGS Executed near Bath for the Murder of his Wife, 14th September, 1748..............................................................................................................................28 JOHN LANCASTER Executed for Housebreaking, 24th September, 1748................29 SAMUEL HILL Executed for Murdering his Landlady, 23d of March, 1762............31 JOHN
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Plan Old Sessions House 22 Clerkenwell
    CONSERVATION PLAN OLD SESSIONS HOUSE 22 CLERKENWELL GREEN LONDON EC1R ONA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Old Sessions House is one of the finest and most important historic buildings in Clerkenwell. Constructed in the late eighteenth century as the Middlesex Sessions House for the magistrates’ courts, it is a high-status building intended to dominate Clerkenwell Green and its surroundings. In 1860 onwards it was re-modelled and extended to present grander elevations to the newly laid out Farringdon and Clerkenwell Roads. Following the relocation of the magistrates courts in 1920 the premises became the headquarters of Avery Scales, and in the 1970s the building was acquired as a Masonic Lodge who occupied the premises until 2013. The new owners, Ted and Oliver Grebelius are therefore only the fourth proprietors in a 235 year history. 2. This Conservation Plan evaluates the historic and architectural significance of the building and its surviving fabric. It sets out the risks and opportunities in the context of the building’s condition, status and current conservation policy. It makes proposals for the repair and enhancement of the building, including a strategy of phased work. It suggests how improvements can be made to the setting of the building within the surrounding environment of Clerkenwell Green and Farringdon Lane. INTRODUCTION 3. This Conservation Plan for the Old Sessions House, Clerkenwell Green, has been commissioned by Oliver and Ted Grebelius, who acquired the building in late 2013. The Plan aims to inform and direct an appropriate way forward to re-use this important historic building and its immediate environs.
    [Show full text]
  • Vague 33 Hm King Mob the Gordon Riots
    VAGUE 33 HM KING MOB THE GORDON RIOTS THE MADNESS OF LORD GEORGE AND THE GREAT LONDON RIOTS OF 1780 Gordon Riots 230 th anniversary Malcolm McLaren tribute edition Tom Vague London Psychogeography 2010 The Riot in Broad Street Francis Wheatley ‘When tumult lately burst his prison door and set plebeian thousands in a roar, when he usurped authority’s just place and dared to look his master in the face; when the rude rabble’s watchword was destroy and blazing London seemed a second Troy.’ William Cowper ‘Table Talk’ 1781 ‘I wander through each dirty street, near where the dirty Thames does flow, and in every face I meet marks of weakness marks of woe, in every cry of every man, in every child’s cry of fear, in every voice in every ban, the German forged links I hear, but most the chimney sweepers cry, blackens over the church walls, and the hapless soldiers sigh, runs in blood down palace walls.’ William Blake ‘London’ 1792 ‘The Gordon riots made a profound impression on contemporaries. They took place at a time of acute political crisis, at the most dangerous moment of the American war, when the country, after numerous defeats and counter-alliances, found itself virtually isolated. At their height, on the night of June 7 1780, London appeared to onlookers to be a sea of flames. ‘I remember’, wrote Horace Walpole on the 8 th , ‘the Excise and Gin Act and the rebels at Derby and Wilkes’ interlude and the French at Plymouth, or I should have a very bad memory; but I never till last night saw London and Southwark in flames!’ Sebastian Mercier, in his Tableau de Paris , wrote 9 years before the attack on the Bastille that such ‘terrors and alarms’ as were spread by Lord George Gordon in London would be inconceivable in a city as well-policed as Paris.’ George Rude ‘The Gordon Riots’ 1955 Paris and London in the 18 th Century 1688 After the Protestant Duke of Monmouth rebellion was crushed by Judge Jeffreys’ Bloody Assizes, James II’s attempted Catholic revival resulted in the ‘Glorious Revolution’ and the Bill of Rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Imagining Prison: Culture, History and Space1 Eamonn Carrabine Is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Essex
    V 252 PSJ 187 JAN 10 (Text):Prison Service Journal 12/1/10 11:07 Page 15 Imagining Prison: Culture, History and Space1 Eamonn Carrabine is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Essex. In this article I explore the diverse ways in which the jailer collected fees for prisoners for room, stories of prison and punishment have been told board, and services like a lord of the manor in the literary and visual arts. Stories of crime and collecting rents from tenants. punishment are central to every society as they address the universal problem of human identity. A number of points are emphasized here. First, over Every culture generates founding myths to two hundred crimes (ranging from petty theft to murder) account for society’s origins, typically situated in were punishable by death, under the ‘Bloody Code’ of some dreadful primordial event. The imaginary capital statutes, as the political order sought to maintain origins of Western civilization are to be found in power through the terror of the gallows. Second, prisons tales of banishment, confinement, exile, torture were often makeshift structures and many were no more and suffering. The theme of exclusion is than a gatehouse, room or cellar and rarely confined symbolically rich and spaces of confinement — prisoners for any great length of time. The largest prisons both real and imagined — have provided stark were in London, where Newgate was the most reminders of human cruelty and reveal just how significant, but others like the Fleet and Marshalsea were thin the veneer of civilization can be. This article reserved almost exclusively for debtors.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleanliness and the Poor in Eighteenth-Century London
    Cleanliness and the Poor in Eighteenth-Century London PhD Law Louise Falcini July 2018 ABSTRACT This study identifies the ways in which the urban poor both experienced and engaged with cleanliness during the long eighteenth century. It argues that the poor not only participated in acts of cleanliness but they did so multiple ways, sometimes as a client, at others as a service provider but more often than not as a strategist engaging in actions that enabled them to acquire clean clothing, bodies or surroundings. By drawing on a wide range of archival and printed sources it examines aspects of everyday plebeian life that have hitherto remained uncharted. It suggests that no single cleanliness regime – neither based on full-body immersion, nor ‘clean linen’, existed in eighteenth-century London. Instead, it posits that at least two regimes were present, and that, if anything, working men were most likely to pursue bodily cleanliness through river bathing. It also argues that even among the institutions of the capital, there were real disagreements about cleanliness, with most institutions adopting a clean linen regime, while prisons and lock-ups preserved an older regime. Overall, this thesis seeks to demonstrate that eighteenth-century cleanliness cannot be understood, without locating it in the specific circumstances of class, community and gender. ii Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. iii Abbreviations LL London Lives LMA London Metropolitan Archives OBP Old Bailey Proceedings Online TNA The National Archives WCA Westminster City Archives Spellings, capitalisation and punctuation have been left as they were in the original documents.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The True State of My Case' : the Memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771
    Law, Crime and History (2016) 1 'THE TRUE STATE OF MY CASE': THE MEMOIRS OF MRS ANNE BAILEY, 1771 Sarah Ailwood1 Abstract This article explores The Memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, a short memoir published by a lone mother in London in 1771. It addresses questions of methodology, in terms of legal history and textual analysis, to examine how Anne Bailey's Memoirs shed light on the operation of everyday justice in the mid-eighteenth century metropolis, as well as what they reveal about relationships between legal and textual subjectivities during the era. The article argues that drawing on life-writing sources enriches our understanding of the lived experience of low- level justice, as well as conceptions of individual personhood in the eighteenth century. Keywords: eighteenth century justice and courts, life-writing, methodology, textual analysis, scandalous memoirs 1 Introducing 'Anne Bailey' In June 1771, a lone mother recently released from a Southwark prison published The Memoirs of Mrs. Anne Bailey.2 Recounting the cycle of debt, arrest, trial and imprisonment she had endured in the six years since her husband's death in 1765, Anne Bailey's Memoirs are a rare surviving voice of a woman living on the social margin. Detailing her involvement with the London criminal justice system, they provide a unique insight into how a woman in her situation experienced the personnel and procedures of everyday justice. This article explores Bailey's Memoirs as a historical source, locating them within the justice system of eighteenth century London and current research in the field, as well as a piece of life-writing that exposes the complex contemporary relationship between gender and legal and textual subjectivities.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Letter to Lord Pelham
    WRITINGS ON AUSTRALIA V. THIRD LETTER TO LORD PELHAM JEREMY BENTHAM edited by TIM CAUSER AND PHILIP SCHOFIELD The Bentham Project 2018 This work is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non- derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution are clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Jeremy Bentham, Writings on Australia, V. Third Letter to Lord Pelham, ed. T. Causer and P. Schofield, pre-publication version, The Bentham Project, 2018. Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommoms.org/licenses/ The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham The new critical edition of the works and correspondence of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) is being prepared and published under the supervision of the Bentham Committee of University College London. Eight volumes of the new Collected Works, five of correspondence, and three of writings on jurisprudence, appeared between 1968 and 1981, published by Athlone Press. Further volumes in the series since then are published by Oxford University Press. In spite of Bentham’s importance as a jurist, philosopher, and social scientist, and leader of the utilitarian reformers, the only previous edition of his works was a poorly edited and incomplete one brought out within a decade or so of his death. The overall plan and principles of this edition are set out in the General Preface to The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, vol. I (Athlone Press), which was the first volume of the Collected Works to be published.
    [Show full text]
  • The True State of My Case: the Memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business and Law - Papers Faculty of Business and Law 1-1-2016 The true state of my case: the memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771 Sarah Ailwood University of Canberra, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/balpapers Recommended Citation Ailwood, Sarah, "The true state of my case: the memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771" (2016). Faculty of Business and Law - Papers. 115. https://ro.uow.edu.au/balpapers/115 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The true state of my case: the memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771 Abstract This article explores The Memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, a short memoir published by a lone mother in London in 1771. It addresses questions of methodology, in terms of legal history and textual analysis, to examine how Anne Bailey's Memoirs shed light on the operation of everyday justice in the mid-eighteenth century metropolis, as well as what they reveal about relationships between legal and textual subjectivities during the era. The article argues that drawing on life-writing sources enriches our understanding of the lived experience of lowlevel justice, as well as conceptions of individual personhood in the eighteenth century. Publication Details S. Ailwood, 'The true state of my case: the memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771' (2016) 6 (1) Law, Crime and History 37-58. This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/balpapers/115 University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk SOLON Law, Crime and History - Volume 06 - 2016 SOLON Law, Crime and History - Volume 6, Issue 1 2016 'The True State of My Case: The Memoirs of Mrs Anne Bailey, 1771 Ailwood, Sarah Ailwood, S.
    [Show full text]