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UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology

Title A Fluted Fragment from the Southern California Coast: Chronology and Context at CA-SBa-1951

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Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 9(1)

ISSN 0191-3557

Authors Erlandson, Jon M Cooley, Theodore G Carrico, Richard

Publication Date 1987-07-01

Peer reviewed

eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 120 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY

True, D. L. 1966 Archaeological Differentiation of Sho­ shonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in A Fluted Projectile Point Fragment Southern California. Ph.D. dissertation. from the Southern California Coast: University of California, Los Angeles. Chronology and Context Vastokas, J. M., and R. K. Vastokas at CA-SBa-1951 1973 Sacred Art of the Algonkians: A Study of the Peterborough . Peter­ JON M. ERLANDSON, Dept. of Anthropology, borough, Ontario: Mansard Press. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. THEODORE G. COOLEY, WESTEC Sendees, WaUace, W. J. Inc., 1221 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101. 1978 Post- 9000 to RICHARD CARRICO, WESTEC Services, Inc., 2000 B.C. In: Handbook of the North 5510 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA 92121. American Indians, Vol. 8, California, R. F. Heizer, ed., pp. 25-36. : RECENT archaeological research on the Smithsonian Institution. Santa Barbara coast yielded a fragment of a 1986 A Remarkable Group of Carved Stone fluted projectUe point among a larger lithic Objects from Pacific Palisades. Paper assemblage from CA-SBa-1951. The avail­ presented at the Society for California able data suggest that the fluted point has Southern California Data Sharing Meet­ no direct temporal relation to the remainder ing, Nov. 1, 1986, University of Cali­ of the site assemblage, which was obtained fornia, Los Angeles. from a large low-density site that appears to Waters, F. date primarily to King's (1981) Early period. 1%3 Book of the Hopi. New York: Ballan- Although small, the fluted point fragment tine Books. exhibits attributes common to classic Clovis- WeUmann, K. F. like points found elsewhere in California 1974 Some Observations on Sexuality (e.g., Harrington 1948) and western North in North American Indian . America. While similar fluted points have Southwestern Lore 40(1):1-12. been reported from many interior California 1979 A Survey of North American Indian sites (Davis and Shutler 1969; Glennan 1971; Rock Art. Graz, Austria: Akademische Carlson 1983; Moratto 1984), only one Druck-u. Verlangsanstalt. coastal specimen has been reported pre­ Works Progress Administration viously. This was a from the 1938 Anthropological Project #7680 Daily northern California coast (Simons et al. Notes. MS on file at the Pacific Coast 1985). The CA-SBa-1951 fluted point ex­ Archaeological Society Research Li­ tends the geographical range of Clovis points brary, Santa Ana, California. in North America and represents an ex­ Yates, L. tremely rare occurrence along the Pacific 1889 Charm Stones: Notes on the So-Called coast. "Plummets" or "Sinkers." Washington: This paper discusses the geological and Smithsonian Institution Annual Report archaeological context of the fluted point for 1886, Pt. 1:296-305 from CA-SBa-1951, describes the technolog­ ical and material attributes of the specimen, and explores two alternative hypotheses for the derivation of the point. A FLUTED POINT FRAGMENT 121

Golau SANTA BARBARA Pt. Conception

I SBl 1951 I VENTURA PACIFIC OCEAN

San Miguel Island

Anacapa Island

Kilofnvurt 30

Fig. 1. Location of the fluted point find.

LOCATION AND SETTING m. (197-230 ft.) above sea level, 800 m. from OF CA-SBA-1951 the Pacific shore, at the north end of an CA-SBa-1951 is located approximately 60 uplifted marine dating to the last km. west of Santa Barbara, California (Fig. interglacial. Canyons bracket the site on 1). Gaviota State Park lies 13 km. to the the east and west, and the Santa Ynez east and Point Conception 9 km. to the Mountains rise steeply to the north. west. The site is at an elevation of 60-70 CA-SBa-1951 is the type locality for the 122 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY

Conception Soil Series (Shipman 1981:21), and test excavation units were field screened comprising fine sandy loam formed in Pleis­ over 1/8-in. mesh to reduce bulk, with tocene alluvium. The sedimentary matrix at screen residuals returned to the laboratory CA-SBa-1951 is generally moderately to for further processing. In the laboratory, slightly acidic, an attribute that may account all field screen residuals were water- for the dearth of faunal remains recovered screened over 1/8-in. mesh, dried, and at the site. Soil profiles at the site contain sorted. Column samples were removed from a thick and stron^y developed argiUic (Bt) B selected test units and water screened over horizon, a that represents 10,000 1/16-in. mesh. Sediment samples were also years or more of in situ soil formation removed from selected units and tested for (RockweU 1984:124). pH, texture, and color. The area encompassing CA-SBa-1951 has The results of excavations at CA-SBa- been used for farming and grazing for many 1951 suggest that the site extends for up to years and the site is bisected by a paved 300 m. from east to west and a minimum of road. Conipared to adjacent areas of the 125 m. from north to south. Due to access Santa Barbara coast, the archaeological re­ restrictions outside the construction corridor, cord of the study area is relatively pristine: the southern boundary of the site could not little archaeology or relic- has taken be determined. In the tested area, the place. The area is currently used for cattle archaeological deposits averaged approxi­ grazing and is covered with a mixture of in­ mately 80 cm. in depth, reaching a maximum troduced grasses and low shrubs. of 130 cm. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS CHRONOLOGICAL INDICATORS AT CA-SBA-1951 The lack of datable organic remains of The site was first discovered in 1985 clear cultural origin limits our ability to (Imwalle and Cooley 1985) during reconnais­ reconstruct the chronology of CA-SBa-1951. sance of a proposed pipeline corridor asso­ Currently, the site chronology must be eval­ ciated with the Chevron Point Arguello Pro­ uated on the basis of a small collection of ject. During the initial phase of investiga­ "temporally diagnostic" artifacts and three tion, the fluted point fragment was found on hydration measurements from arti­ the site surface in a disturbed context two facts derived from the Coso volcanic field. meters south of the paved road that bisects Both dating techniques are relatively impre­ the site. cise at present. During 1986, a revised pipeline right-of- Analysis of the CA-SBa-1951 assemblage way was the subject of relatively intensive suggests that the site was occupied primarily investigation, including several episodes of during King's (1981) Early period (ca. 3,500- surface collection, excavation of 21 shovel 8,000 B.P.). This chronological inference is test pits (STPs) and 25 test excavation units based largely on the relative abundance of (10 units measuring 0.5 x 1.0 m. and 15 units manos and and the near absence of measuring 1x1 m.), and controlled mechan­ artifacts diagnostic of later periods of Santa ical trenching with intensive archaeological Barbara Channel (i.e., mortars and monitoring. No additional Clovis-like arti­ pestles). Aside from the fluted point, five facts were recovered. projectile point fragments were recovered, All sediments excavated from the STPs including large side-notched and leaf-shaped A FLUTED POINT FRAGMENT 123

Table 1 OBSIDIAN HYDRATION DATA FROM CA-SBA-1951 A: Sample and Hydration Data Unit: Type of Width Weight Hydration Rind Level (nun.) (Sd Sonrte Mean Range 4:0-20 Biface fragment 18 0.6 Coso 7.6 7.4-7.8 6:2040 Flake 9 0.1 Coso IS 7.4-7.6 6:40-60 Flake fragment 7 0.1 Coso 7.6 7.4-7.7 Site Mean (n = 3) 7.57

B: Age Calibration --Midpoint of Age Extimates- Mean Rind Meighan* Ericson'' Koerper et aL*^ SBA-2028'' Thickness (1983) (1978) (1986) Value 7.5 1,650 B.P. 2,580 B.P. 3,500 B.P. 6,293 B.P. 7.6 1,672 B.P. 2,614 B.P. 3,500 B.P. 6,376 B.P.

220 ± 44 yeais/micTon 344 ± 69 yean/micron Logaiitiunic rate based on Orange County data 839 yeais/micron based on 9 values from buried

forms commonly associated with the Early as old as 6,400 B.P., an age that appears period. more consistent with the recovered artifact Although the sample of obsidian hydration assemblage. However, the burial of the CA- measurements from CA-SBa-1951 is small, SBa-2028 stratum beneath 100-150 cm. of al­ the three available readings are internally luvium may have reduced the temperature of consistent in their similarity (Table lA). the soil matrix and slowed the hydration of Unfortunately, the chronological implications obsidian at the site. of the obsidian hydration data are difficult to interpret because of variability in THE EARLY PERIOD SITE ASSEMBLAGE published hydration rates for Coso obsidian Artifact Assemblage and the lack of comparative data from the Eighty-one or fragments were Santa Barbara coast. Extrapolation from two collected during investigations at CA-SBa- general hydration rates published for Coso 1951 (Table 2), including 20 obsidian (Ericson 1978; Meighan 1983) yields implements and 61 chipped stone tools and ages for the CA-SBa-1951 artifacts that fall cores. In addition, over 6,000 pieces of within the past 2,600 years, while a logarith­ chipped stone were recovered. mic rate based on analysis of Orange County The ground stone assemblage includes archaeological specimens (Koerper et al. seven fragments, twelve manos, and a 1986:52) suggests an age of approximately single hopper mortar. The manos and meta­ 3,500 B.P. (Table IB). tes are typical of Millingstone assemblages A hydration rate based on nine consistent found elsewhere along the southern Califor­ readings for Coso artifacts from a nearby nia coast. Hopper mortars are generally buried site (CA-SBa-2028) dated to 2,600 B.P. found in later contexts along the Santa suggests that the hydration of Coso obsidian Barbara coast, although occasionally they may occur at a slower rate under some cir­ may be found in Early period contexts as cumstances. Application of the CA-SBa-2028 (Owen et al. 1964:Fig. 6). rate (839 years per micron) suggests that the The CA-SBa-1951 chipped stone assem­ obsidian artifacts from CA-SBa-1951 may be blage is dominated by debitage, ahnost 99% 124 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY

Table 2 MAJOR TOOL CLASSES RECOVERED were recovered from the STPs and test units AT CA-SBA-1951 excavated at CA-SBa-1951. Of these, two Surface Test canid fragments (0.79 g.) are clearly of Tool Class Collection STP Unit Monitor Total recent origin and a shark tooth (0.02 g.) may Metate 1 0 0 6 7 3 0 18 12 be a fossil. The almost total lack of small Hopper Mortar 0 0 0 1 1 mammal remains (only 0.01 g. recovered) in 5 0 5 9 19 Biface 5 2 2 2 11 the site deposits, despite the presence of Borer/Drill 0 0 10 1 live gophers and other burrowing animals in Flake Tool 5 2 6 4 17 the site vicinity today, suggests that soil Core 3 0 5 5 13 acidity may be responsible for the disinte­ Totals 22 20 35 81 gration of most bone (and possibly shell) of which is Monterey , a rock type that might once have been present at the locally available in cobble form in beach, site. Nonetheless, the presence of a single stream, and marine terrace deposits in the fragment of sea mammal bone (0.07 g.), along site vicinity. The chipped stone tools in­ with small amounts of fish bone (0.08 g.) clude 19 , 10 biface fragments recovered from a column sample, suggests (excluding the fluted point fragment), 13 that some bone of cultural origin remains at whole and partial cores, and 17 flake tools. the site. These faunal remains suggest a All but three of the chipped stone tools marine component in the diet of the later were manufactured from Monterey chert, site occupants. with the remaining three made of obsidian, chalcedony, and Franciscan chert. DESCRIPTION OF THE FLUTED The hammerstones include both battered PROJECTILE POINT cobbles used in chipped manufac­ The fluted point fragment consists of the ture and intentionally flaked and battered basal comer of a Clovis-like point, repre­ cobbles probably associated with the manu­ senting approximately 25-35% of a complete facture and maintenance of ground stone specimen (Fig. 2). A small fracture has also implements (King 1967). The rectangular removed the very tip of the remaining basal and irregularly shaped cores appear to have tang or ear. Despite the fragmentary nature been used primarily to produce flakes for of the specimen, it exhibits several attri­ tool manufacture. Edge-wear characteristics butes characteristic of classic Clovis-like suggest that nine of the recovered flake fluted points found elsewhere in the western tools were used for scraping, four for United States (e.g. Harrington 1948). These cutting, and one as a drill. Five of the ten "Clovis" attributes include: (1) a concave bifaces are too fragmentary to determine base; (2) a relatively straight lateral margin their function or temporal association. The along the basal half of the specimen; (3) the remaining five bifaces are probably frag­ removal of one or more channel flakes ments of large points, with four (flutes) on either face or surface of the leaf-shaped specimens (two with convex point; (4) flutes that truncate the marginal bases) and a single side-notched point retouch around the periphery of the point; fragment. and (5) the presence of pronounced basal and lateral edge grinding (Table 3). Faunal Assemblage The fluted point fragment is manufactured Only eight bone fragments totaling 0.91 g. from a somewhat coarse-grained, opaque A FLUTED POINT FRAGMENT 125

ning flake on either face. Following removal of the channel flakes, the comer of the ex­ tant half of the base was bifacially re­ touched. Finally, the lateral and basal edges of the point were intentionally abraded, with the ground edges reaching a width of nearly one millimeter in places. In contrast, no evidence of scratching or abrasion is visible on the flute surfaces or on the edges of more recent breaks. DISCUSSION Fig. 2. Fluted point fragment (actual size). Two possible explanations could account for the presence of a fluted projectile point Tables ATTRIBUTES OF THE CA-SBA-19S1 FLUTED POINT on the Santa Barbara coast. The first is Weight 5.7 g. that the fluted point is an isolated artifact Maximum Width 20.0 mm. left by Paleo-Indians between 10,000 and Maximum Length 27.5 mm. Maximum Thickness 8.5 mm. 12,000 B.P. The second is that the artifact Estimated Basal Width 20.0 mm. was found, perhaps used, and deposited there Maximum Visible Flute Width 12.0 mm. Maximum Width of Marginal Retouch 8.5 mm. by later Indians. Several lines of evidence Estimated Depth of Basal Concavity 6.0 mm. indirectly support the first argument: (1) Minimum Length of Lateral Edge Grinding 24.5 mm. the age of the surface soil at CA-SBa-1951 cryptocrystaUine silicate. Fresh medial and is consistent with the potential for Paleo- lateral breaks expose a slightly marbled gray Indian occupation; (2) fossils of mammoth matte interior that is different from any and other large Rancholabrean fauna are not known local chert source. The surface of uncommon along the Santa Barbara coast the artifact exhibits a discontinuous reddish- (Orr 1968:26); (3) CA-SBa-1951 is only 150 orange mottling against the gray background km. from Glennan's (1971) Tehachapi Moun­ of the interior. This discoloration is most tains fluted point find, a distance well intense within the fluted surfaces of the within range of mobile hunter-gatherers; (4) point fragment and more heavily developed the Mendocino coast fluted point suggests on one side than the other. The discolora­ that Paleo-Indians did occupy the Califomia tion cannot be scratched off and penetrates coast (Simons et al. 1985); and (5) the anti­ slightly beneath the surface of the stone. quity of shell on the south-central While the reddish-orange mottling resembles Califomia coast has been progressively oxidation, its nature and origin remain un­ pushed back towards the terminal Pleistocene known. (e.g.. Greenwood 1972; Glassow 1981), re­ The manufacturing sequence for the quiring ever more ancient predecessors for fluted point is somewhat difficult to recon­ early coastal cultures. struct due to the coarse-grained nature of Given these arguments, Clovis or related the raw material. However, it is clear that Paleo-Indian groups may well have occupied the point was shaped through marginal re­ the southem Califomia coast, or at least touch prior to removal of one main channel made occasional hunting forays into the flake and at least one secondary basal thin­ coastal area. However, the extremely rare 126 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY

occurrence of fluted points on the Califomia bined with the intensity of prehistoric coast argues against an extensive occupation, exchange between the Santa Barbara Channel unless rising post-glacial sea levels (Bickel and interior regions (King 1971), suggests 1978), sea cliff retreat (Norris 1968), and that the point could have been traded to the sedimentation in coastal canyons have Santa Barbara coast well after Paleo-Indian combined to destroy or bury most of the times. Direct evidence of «cchange between evidence. Exposures at the mouth of Arroyo the Holocene site occupants and the Great San Augustine near CA-SBa-1951 indicate Basin of eastem Califomia is present in the that as much as 9 m. of alluvium has form of obsidian artifacts derived from the accumulated in the canyon bottom during the Coso volcanic field in Inyo County. The Holocene (Rockwell 1984:121). apparently exotic chert firom which the Paleo-Indian inhabitants of the Santa fluted point is made may support the Barbara coast would have encountered a "talisman hypothesis." dramatically different environment than that present in the area today. During the ter­ SUMMARY minal Pleistocene, the Santa Barbara coast An apparently isolated fluted point frag­ appears to have been wetter than at present ment was recovered during archaeological and the local flora probably contained a investigations at CA-SBa-1951, a large and significant conifer and fem component diffuse scatter of chipped and ground stone (Heusser 1978). Between 11,000 and 10,000 tools that probably dates primarily to the radiocarbon years ago, sea level was rapidly Early period. The fluted point fragment rising from approximately 50 to 20 m. below exhibits attributes generally found only on the present level (Nardin et al. 1981:332; Clovis-like points dating to the terminal Inman 1983:8). According to bathymetric Pleistocene and is the only known example charts (National Oceanographic and Atmo­ of such an artifact fi-om the southem and spheric Administration 1986) for the area, central Califomia coast. With the data these lower sea levels would have extended currently available, it is uncertain whether the coastal plain by between 4.5 and 1.5 km. the point is derived from a Paleo-Indian oc­ in the site vicinity, depending on the age cupation of the Santa Barbara coast, or a and the place measured. Rapidly rising sea "talisman" deposited by later inhabitants of levels would also have inundated the lower the area. reaches of coastal canyons (Inman 1983:19), forming marine embayments with productive ACKNOWLEDGMENTS estuaries at their heads (Erlandson 1985). The CA-SBa-1951 research was funded by An alternative explanation for the Chevron U.SA. as part of a larger cultural presence of a fluted projectile point at resource study related to the Point Arguello CA-SBa-1951 involves the hypothesis that Project in Santa Barbara County. Work at the the artifact is a talisman or curio carried to site was conducted during 1985 and 1986 by the site by its later occupants. Davis and combined teams from WESTEC Sendees, Inc. and Shutler (1969:158) reported that some his­ the Center for Anthropological Studies, Depart­ ment of Anthropology, University of California, toric Mojave Indians recognized fluted points Santa Barbara, under the direction of the as good luck charms and suggested that some authors, Pandora Snethkamp, and Jerry Moore. such points may be curios transported by A detailed report on the results of investigations prehistoric groups. This fact, when com­ at over 30 sites (including CA-SBa-19Sl) is A FLUTED POINT FRAGMENT 127 currently m preparation. Several colleagues Glassow, Michael A. examined the fluted point, shared their know­ 1981 Preliminary Report: Archaeological ledge, or reviewed this paper, mcluding Mike Data Recovery Program in Relation to Glassow, Madonna Moss, Jean Harman, James Space Shuttle Development, Vandenberg Moriarty IV, the editors, and anonymous Air Force Base, California. MS on file reviewers. Richard Hughes and Tom Origer of at the Office of Public Archaeology, Sonoma State University conducted the obsidian University of California, Santa Barbara. sourdng and hydration analyses. Jeanette Simons (WESTEC) analyzed soil samples for pH, while Lori Santoro (WESTEC) analyzed the Glennan, William Stuart chipped stone assemblage. Greg Dean and Pat 1971 Concave-Based Lanceolate Fluted Pro­ Lambert (UCSB) analyzed the faimal remains. jectile Points from Califomia. The Figures were drafted by Butch Weinberg and Masterkey 45(l):27-32. Mike Caldwell of WESTEC Services, Inc. The Greenwood, Roberta S. contributions of all these individuals are 1972 9000 Years of Prehistory at Diablo Can­ gratefully acknowledged, although the authors yon, San Luis Obispo County, Califor­ are solely responsible for the conclusions nia. San Luis Obispo Coimty Archae­ presented here. ological Society Occasional Papers No. 7. REFERENCES Harrington, Mark Raymond Bickel, Polly 1948 An Ancient Site at Borax Lake, Califor­ 1978 Changmg Sea Levels Along the Califor­ nia. Southwest Museum Papers No. 16. nia Coast: Anthropological ImpUcations. Journal of California Anthropology 5:6- Heusser, L. E. 20. 1978 Pollen in the Santa Barbara Basin, Cali­ fornia: A 12,000 Year Record. Geolog­ Carlson, Roy L. ical Society of America Bulletin 89:673- 1983 The Far West. In: Early Man in the 678. , edited by R. Shutler, Jr., pp. 73-96. Beverly Hills: Sage Publica­ Imwalle, Mike, and Ted Cooley tions. 1985 Archaeological Site Record: CA-SBa- 1951. California Archaeological Site Davis, Emma Lou, and Richard Shutler, Jr. Survey, Department of Anthropology, 1969 Recent Discoveries of Fluted Points in University of Califomia, Santa Barbara. Califomia and Nevada. Nevada State Museum Anthropological Papers No. 14: Inman, Douglas L. 155-177. 1983 Application of Coastal Dynamics to the Reconstruction of Paleocoastlines in the Ericson, Jonathon E. Vicinity of La Jolla, California. In: 1978 Obsidian Hydration Dating in Califomia. Quatemary Coastlines and Marine Ar­ Society for Califomia Archaeology Oc­ chaeology, edited by P. M. Masters and casional Papers in Method and Theory N. C. Flemming, pp. 1-49. New York: in Califomia Archaeology 2:43-52. Academic Press. Erlandson, Jon M. King, Chester D. 1985 Early Holocene Settlement and Subsis­ 1967 The Sweetwater Mesa Site (LAn-267) tence in Relation to Coastal Paleogeo- and its Place in Southem Califomia graphy: Evidence from CA-SBa-1807. Prehistory. Los Angeles: University of Journal of Califomia and Great Basin California Archaeological Survey Annual Anthropology 7:103-109. Report 9:25-76. 128 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY

1971 Chumash Inter-Village Economic Ex­ Division of Mines and Geology Mineral change. The Indian Historian 4(1):30- Information Service 21:87-91. 43. Orr, Phil C. 1981 The Evolution of Chumash Society. 1968 Prehistory of Santa Rosa Island. Santa Ph.D. dissertation. University of Barbara Museum of Natural History. California, Davis. Owen, Roger C, Freddie Curtis, and Koerper, H. C, J. E. Ericson, C. E. Drover, and Donald S. Miller P. E. Langenwalter II 1964 The Glen Annie Canyon Site, SBa-142: 1986 Obsidian Exchange in Prehistoric An Early Horizon Coastal Site of Santa Orange Coimty. Pacific Coast Archae­ Barbara County. Los Angeles: Univer­ ological Society Quarterly 22(l):33-69. sity of Califomia Archaeological Survey Annual Report 6:435-520. Meighan, Clement W. Rockwell, Thomas 1983 Obsidian Dating in Califomia: Theory 1984 Results of the Geological Recoimais- and Practice. American Antiquity 48: sance. In: Archaeological Investiga­ 600-609. tions in Support of the Proposed Chevron/Texaco Onshore Developments: Moratto, Michael J. Point Concepcion to Gaviota Areas, 1984 Califomia Archaeology. Orlando: Aca­ Santa Barbara Coimty, California, J. demic Press. Erlandson and P. Snethkamp, eds., pp. Nardin, T. R., R. H. Osborne, D. J. Bottjer, and 115-136. MS on file at the Office of R. C. Scheidemann, Jr. Public Archaeology, University of Cali­ 1981 Holocene Sea-Level Curves for Santa fornia, Santa Barbara. Monica Shelf, Califomia Continental Shipman, Gordon E. Borderland. Science 213:331-333. 1981 Soil Siuvey of Santa Barbara County, Califomia: South Coastal Part. Na­ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tional Cooperative Soil Survey, United 1986 Santa Cruz Island to Purisima Point, States Department of Agriculture. California (No. 18721). 8th ed. Simons, Dwight D., Thomas N. Layton, and Washington: United States Department Ruthann Knudson of Commerce. 1985 A Fluted Point from the Mendocino Norris, R. County Coast, California. Joumal of 1968 Sea CM Retreat Near Santa Barbara, Califomia and Great Basin Anthropology Califomia. Sacramento: Califomia 7:260-269.