INSIDE PLUS Legacy of Draft of the Gettysburg Address Shared Cataloging Social Media at the Library Law of Indigenous National and International Outreach Peoples

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE

LOC.GOV JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE In This Issue Library of Congress Magazine FEATURES Vol. 5 No. 1: January/February 2016 Mission of the Library of Congress The Library’s central mission is to provide The Legacy of Shared Cataloging Congress, and then the federal government and 8 The signing of an education law 50 years ago gave the Library the the American people with a rich, diverse, and ability to provide new and unparalleled cataloging services to the enduring source of knowledge that can be relied nation’s libraries. upon to inform, inspire and engage them, and support their intellectual and creative endeavors. A Window on the Law of the Indigenous Library of Congress Magazine is issued 10 The Law Library of Congress has created a web portal to provide bimonthly by the Office of Communications access to the law of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and Access to Knowledge research institutions, donors, academic libraries, 10 learned societies and allied organizations in 14 It’s not enough only to acquire and maintain the Library’s vast and A Lakota delegation the United States. Research institutions and varied collections; they have to be able to be searched, found and used. educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive Library of Congress Magazine on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library’s Director for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. LCM is also available on the web at loc.gov/lcm/. DEPARTMENTS All other correspondence should be addressed to the Office of Communications, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., 02 21 22 Washington DC 20540-1610. Trending Favorite Places 03 22 Rose Bowl Stadium e-mail [email protected] First Drafts Page from the Past loc.gov/lcm 04 23 ISSN 2169-0855 (print) The Library in History Technology at the Library ISSN 2169-0863 (online) 06 How Do I? 24 Around the Library David S. Mao 06 For You at the Library 25 News Briefs Acting Librarian of Congress 07 My Job at the Library 26 Shop the Library Gayle Osterberg Executive Editor 19 Expert’s Corner 27 Support the Library Audrey Fischer 20 Online Offerings 28 Last Word Editor John H. Sayers 24 Managing Editor Willie Nelson Ashley Jones ON THE COVER: Exterior view of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building | Carol M. Designer Highmith Archive, Prints and Photographs Division Shawn Miller Photo Editor Contributing Writers Beth Davis-Brown CONNECT ON A bronze door at the main entrance of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Jennifer Gavin Stefan Gunther Twitter: @librarycongress Pinterest: pinterest.com/LibraryCongress/ Building features Olin Warner’s sculpture titled “Research.” Carol M. Youtube: Instagram: Highsmith Archive, Prints and Photographs Division Mark Hartsell youtube.com/libraryofcongress @librarycongress Jane McAuliffe Facebook: facebook.com/libraryofcongress Library of Congress blogs: blogs.loc.gov Angela Murphy-Walters Flickr: flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ LCM online: loc.gov/lcm Andrew Weber Beacher Wiggins January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 1 #trending AT THE LIBRARY first DRAFTS Woodson researched his dissertation at the Library of Congress, where he was encouraged by Manuscript Division Chief J. Franklin Jameson to seek funding to further his goals. With a grant from the Carnegie Foundation, Woodson founded the ASAALH. In 1929 and 1938, Woodson donated his papers to the Library of Congress. The bulk of the collection’s 18,000 items have been microfilmed and the film is available in the Library’s Manuscript Reading Room. Prints and Photographs Division AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY MONTH

ONE MAN’S DEDICATION TO A FIELD OF STUDY INSPIRED THE MONIKER “THE FATHER OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY.”

With this year’s theme of “Hallowed Grounds: Sites of African American Memories,” 2016 African American History Month will be celebrated in schools, libraries and other cultural institutions throughout the month of February.

One such sacred ground is 1538 Ninth Street N.W. in Washington, D.C., home to Carter G. Woodson, pictured above, (1875-1950), the Harvard-educated A photograph and drawing of the Carter G. Woodson historian who established Black History Week in House at 1538 Ninth Street N.W. Washington, D.C. | 1926. The property was declared a National Historic Historic American Buildings Survey, Prints and Photographs Division. Site in 1976—the same year that the recognition of African Americans’ contributions to the nation was THE GETTYBURG ADDRESS extended to a month-long celebration. The collection includes primary documents relating to African-American life and history during the On Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech at the dedication of the Soldiers In his “Message on the Observance of Black slavery, Reconstruction and “New South” eras. It also National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, pictured secretary, John George Nicolay, until his death in 1901. includes material related to Woodson’s editing of the History Month” in February 1976, President Gerald above. Less than five months earlier, Union armies The Hay copy, or second draft, may have been made by Ford acknowledged Woodson’s founding of the “Encyclopedia Africana,” a comprehensive guide to defeated those of the Confederacy at the bloody Battle of the president shortly after his return to Washington from Association for the Study of African American Life African peoples, leaders, and luminaries in Africa, Gettysburg—a turning point in the Civil War. Gettysburg and found among the papers of Lincoln’s and History (ASAALH) as a way to document the United States, South America, the Caribbean, other secretary, John Hay. Hay’s children donated both those contributions. The organization was founded and worldwide. The unpublished research for that Seen here is the first of the five drafts of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. Drawing inspiration from the the Hay and the Nicolay copies to the Library of Congress in 1915 at the house on Ninth Street, where Carter ambitious publication, along with other unique Declaration of Independence, Lincoln equated the in 1916. The three remaining copies, written by Lincoln lived until his death in 1950. With more than 25 items, makes the collection a valuable resource for catastrophic suffering caused by the Civil War with after November 19, are preserved at the Abraham branches, the membership organization holds an scholars and students of African American history. the efforts of the American people to live up to the Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum Historical annual convention in cities across the nation. Library, Cornell University and the Lincoln Bedroom of —Audrey Fischer proposition that “all men are created equal.” He honored those who died to ensure that “government of the White House. Woodson believed that, “Those who have no record MORE INFORMATION the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish of what their forebears have accomplished lose African American History Month from the earth.” MORE INFORMATION the inspiration which comes from the teaching africanamericanhistorymonth.gov/ of biography and history.” He devoted his life The Library of Congress holds two copies of the address. Library Resources on the Gettysburg Address

to researching, publishing and increasing public Carter G. Woodson Papers The first draft was probably in the possession of Lincoln’s loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Gettysburg.html Brady-Handy Collection, Prints and Photographs Division Manuscript Division awareness of black history and culture. hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms000014

2 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 3 the library IN HISTORY

PROVIDING ACCESS TO READING FOR ALL

THE NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE FOR THE BLIND AND PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED CELEBRATES 85 YEARS OF PROVIDING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO THE WRITTEN WORD.

On March 3, 1931, Congress passed—and BARD Mobile app, which provides on-the-go President Herbert Hoover signed—the Pratt- access to tens of thousands of braille and audio Smoot Act, which appropriated $100,000 books. “It is like having a library in your pocket,” annually to the Library of Congress “to provide NLS director Karen Keninger said. books for the use of the adult blind residents of the United States” and its territories. Eighty- Marshaling technology (and in many cases five years later, what is now called the National anticipating innovations) is only one way NLS Library Service for the Blind and Physically supports its patrons. NLS network libraries play Handicapped (NLS) has a budget of more an equally important role. From its inception, than $50 million and makes use of the latest the program has been a cooperative effort among technologies to serve more than 500,000 federal, state and local agencies. What began with individuals with the goal of ensuring “that 19 regional libraries has grown into a national all may read.” network of 55 regional libraries, 32 subregional libraries, 14 advisory outreach centers and four As early as 1878, Thomas Edison envisioned machine-lending agencies providing seamless using technology for that purpose. His patent for service to patrons. the phonograph stated that “[b]ooks may be read … by professional reader[s], and the record of “Our partnership with network libraries is a such book used [for the] blind ….” unique model,” said Keninger. “In an era when personalized service is becoming increasingly rare, Even though Edison’s proposal did not come what network libraries provide is still vital to our to immediate fruition, service to readers who patrons.” Even as technology—both for talking are blind or visually impaired during the past books and braille—migrates towards digital 85 years has followed a technological trajectory content distribution, serving the 80 percent of of rigid long-playing records, open-reel tapes, visually impaired readers who are not online flexible disks, cassettes and the latest digital remains a vital priority for NLS and its network technologies—including smartphone apps. of cooperating libraries.

Today, NLS is at the forefront of emerging With its ever-growing constituency of readers, technology. NLS launched the BARD Mobile NLS will continue to anticipate its patrons’ needs app, which permits patrons to download braille amid rapidly changing technological innovations. and talking books to their mobile devices from the Braille and Audio Reading Download —Stefan Gunther is a writer-editor in the (BARD) online service. BARD was launched National Library Service for the Blind and in 2009, to allow patrons with computer access Physically Handicapped. to download braille and talking books over the Internet at their leisure, as often as they like. MORE INFORMATION

Nearly 70,000 users are registered for BARD National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped loc.gov/ThatAllMayRead Clockwise from top left: Readers listen to a talking book, 1930s; Student reading and about 22,000 of them take advantage of the braille, 1990; Airmen listen to read talking books, 1944. All photos | National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

4 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 5 how DO I? my job AT THE LIBRARY DIGITAL REFERENCE SPECIALIST LAURA GOTTESMAN REQUEST ITEMS THROUGH DISCUSSES THE JOB OF PROVIDING ACCESS TO THE INTERLIBRARY LOAN LIBRARY’S ONLINE RESOURCES. How would you describe your work at the Library? Simply put, I facilitate research. The Library’s online Ask THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LOAN, domestic and international a Librarian service receives an average of nearly 55,000 academic, public or special libraries may borrow most books and inquiries a year from all over the United States and the some microfilmed material from the Library of Congress for use by world. Many researchers are in remote locations and their library patrons for a period of 60 days. All items lent from the have never been to the Library of Congress in person. It Library of Congress collections must be used on the premises of the is a pleasure and challenge for those of us on the Digital borrowing library. Reference Team to make the Library’s collections as useful 1. Check the Library of Congress online public access catalog before submitting to them as they are to researchers in our reading rooms. a request to receive Library materials at a participating borrowing institution. We also create electronic web guides, bibliographies and This will confirm availability of requested items. webinars to help them locate the Library’s print and digital resources on a variety of subject areas. 2. Register at loc.gov/rr/loan/LendingFirstTime.html I’ve observed that researchers tend to approach the Library 3. Send requests electronically through the nonprofit computer libraryservice with a mixture of awe and apprehension—the Library’s known as OCLC (members only) or through the Library’s Interlibrary Loan collections are larger than life, and the scale can be website (foreign libraries must email requests to [email protected]). intimidating to some (and just plain exhilarating to others). As a reference specialist, I see my primary role as helping people get their bearings so they can mine the parts of MORE INFORMATION the collection that are most meaningful to their work, no matter where in the Library these items may be housed.

Library of Congress Interlibrary Loan Shawn Miller loc.gov/rr/loan How did you prepare for your current position? My interests have always been eclectic. In college, my major It’s also a challenge to educate the public about what Library of Congress Catalog was interdisciplinary, The College of Letters—the study of services are available to them at the Library. Anyone catalog.loc.gov the literature, history and philosophy of Western Europe. over the age of 16 with valid identification (state-issued After graduation from Wesleyan University in Connecticut, I.D., driver’s license or passport) is welcome to complete I headed west to Seattle for almost a decade, where I a simple registration form, obtain a reader card and worked as a bookseller and at a digital photo archive. I use the Library’s resources in person to satisfy their then went to Library School at the University of Texas at curiosity, dig deep into what interests them, or use our AT THE LIBRARY Austin, where I focused on work in Archives and Special collections to support their research. And of course, ASK A LIBRARIAN Collections. When I graduated, I saw a posting for a they are also welcome to use our Ask a Librarian Service THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS temporary job at the Library of Congress, in what was then from remote locations. began offering called the National Digital Library. I thought, “That would an online reference service known as “Ask What are some of the most memorable reference be a great adventure for a year.” It’s 15 years later and I’m questions you have received? a Librarian” in 2002. The service allows still here. But I still feel a thrill, a lift, when I stop and look researchers to submit questions directly to up at our beautiful dome atop the Jefferson Building! Several years ago, a researcher asked whether we could each of the Library’s reading rooms to receive confirm the accuracy of a memory he had of being at expert research assistance, typically within five What are the biggest challenges you face on the job? John F. Kennedy’s inauguration in Washington in January business days. Some reading rooms also offer In public services, one of our greatest challenges is 1961, and seeing Eleanor Roosevelt in the audience a few live chat assistance. WHAT: Online reference figuring out how to present our collections—print and rows ahead of him. I was able to find several references in digital—in a seamless and unified way that makes them newspaper accounts of the inauguration that confirmed services The Ask a Librarian service averages nearly WHEN: Year-round comprehensible, accessible and useful to researchers, that Mrs. Roosevelt was there, sitting in the audience, off 55,000 inquiries annually from across the COST: FREE onsite and remotely. This work requires a lot of the dais (apparently, so she could hear better), “…wrapped country and around the globe. In response to coordination and collaboration with staff experts behind in a mink coat and an army blanket ...” to fend off the the volume of queries, the Library’s Digital the scenes, and it is some of the hardest work we do, but cold. I’ve always loved that image. Reference Team has created numerous guides also some of the most gratifying. to online and print resources.

Ask a Librarian service loc.gov/rr/askalib

Shawn Miller Online reference guides loc.gov/rr/program/bib/bibguide.html

6 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 7 SHARING CHILDREN’S LITERATURE FOR 50 YEARS The legislation also expanded the Library’s overseas operations, which had begun in 1962 to Anyone who has ever read entries in a card catalog describing a acquire, catalog, preserve, and distribute library children’s book has likely benefited from the work of staff in the and research materials from countries where Children’s and Young Adults’ Cataloging (CYAC) Program in the Library THE LEGACY OF such materials are essentially unavailable through of Congress. CYAC catalogers write the annotations—in 30 words or conventional acquisitions methods. Following less—that capture the setting, plot, characters, and spirit of a book passage of the HEA, shared cataloging offices written for young readers. Often this description is a reader’s first were opened in London and Rio de Janeiro. introduction to a favorite book. SHARED CATALOGING One of the Library’s oldest programs, CYAC grew out of the Annotated On Jan. 13, 1966, officials from the national Card Program, which was established in November of 1965. The libraries and library professionals from six AC Program began by providing catalog records on printed cards, countries met at the British Museum to discuss which included a summary, or annotation, of each book. This was the Library of Congress’ proposed procedures for a new idea at the time; there was no subject access to most fiction A half-century ago, President shared cataloging among nations. Agreement was cataloged at the Library of Congress. The following year, the American reached and the procedures were adopted. Library Association’s Cataloging of Children’s Materials Committee Johnson signed a law promoting recommended the adoption of the Library of Congress cataloging of A week later, the Library announced that it children’s materials as the national uniform standard. access to education and shared received a grant of $130,000 from the Council CYAC catalogers create metadata adapted to meet the specific needs cataloging. on Library Resources to launch a program to of school and public librarians and their patrons. The bibliographic distribute cataloging information in machine- records are also used by publishers, many of whom participate in the readable form. By year’s end, a pilot project was Library’s Cataloging In Publication program to describe books prior to begun to test the feasibility of distributing the BY AUDREY FISCHER their official publication. Library’s machine-readable cataloging data Over the years, CYAC catalogers have written thousands of known as MARC to other libraries by sending annotations. To mark the 50th anniversary of CYAC, the Library’s ifty years ago, on Nov. 8, 1965, President weekly distributions of tapes to 16 participating Educational Outreach team recently facilitated a guessing game via Lyndon Johnson signed the Higher libraries. The pilot was a success and MARC Twitter [@TeachingLC] to see how many children’s books can be F Education Act of 1965 into law [P.L. remained the standard for more than 40 years. identified by their CYAC descriptions. 89-329]. This landmark legislation was part of President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Higher —Angela Murphy-Walters is head of the Children’s and Young Adults’ his “Great Society” set of domestic programs Education Act at his alma mater, Texas State On May 13, 1966, President Johnson signed a University, Frank Wolfe, 1965. Lyndon B. Johnson supplemental appropriations act, which provided Cataloging Program. that included the passage of the Civil Rights Act Presidential Library and the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and the the Library with $300,000 for acquisitions Teacher Corps. by printing cataloging cards and other means, and cataloging of library materials. In June, HERE ARE JUST A FEW: and enabling the Library of Congress to use the Library established the Shared Cataloging 1 Introduces 4 On a day The HEA increased federal money given to for exchange and other purposes such of these Division in its Processing Department to handle universities, established need-based grants the descriptive cataloging of books received under the letters A to when everything materials not needed for its own collections.” Z while following goes wrong for and federal scholarships, created work-study Title IIC of the HEA. the fortunes of an him, Alexander opportunities and offered low-interest student In short, the legislation gave the Library of apple pie is consoled by Congress a clear mandate to provide new and Over the past 50 years, immense benefits have loans. The legislation not only opened the doors the thought that to college for millions of low- and middle- unparalleled services to the nation’s academic been derived by the global library community through cataloging cooperatively. Today, other people income Americans, but also supported the libraries. It also recognized the importance of 2 A little bunny have bad days, administered by the Library of Congress, the strengthening of college and research libraries. granting federal aid and assistance toward solving bids goodnight to too. the challenge of shared cataloging. Program for Cooperative Cataloging creates all the objects in Specifically, Title IIC of the Higher Education records for serials, manuscripts, monographs, and his room before 5 When a bus Act authorized the Office of Education to The Library’s role in shared cataloging dates name or subject authorities, which help bring falling asleep. driver takes a “transfer funds to the Library of Congress for back to the printing, sale and distribution of all knowledge—regardless of format—under break from his the purpose of (1) acquiring all library materials its catalog cards in 1901. But the Library’s consistent bibliographic control in order to make 3 The adventures route, a very establishment of a National Program for it accessible to the worldwide community. currently published throughout the world that are of a little boy in unlikely volunteer of value to scholarship; (2) providing cataloging Acquisitions and Cataloging—authorized by the city on a very springs up to take information for these materials promptly after the HEA—greatly expanded that role both snowy day his place.

receipt, distributing bibliographic information nationally and internationally. MORE INFORMATION

Program for Cooperative Cataloging (2003) Willems Mo by Bus” the Drive Pigeon the let “Don’t 5. (1972) Viorst Judith by Day” loc.gov/aba/pcc/ Bad Very Good, No Horrible, Terrible, the and “Alexander 4. (1962) Keats Jack Ezra by Day” Snowy “The 3.

loc.gov/aba/cyac/ (1947) Brown Wise Margaret by Moon” “Goodnight 2. (1900) Greenaway Kate by Pie” Apple “A 1. Answers

8 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 9 U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day Portal (ILP). The ILP brings together collection Opposite page: This O’Connor published an article in 1997 that materials from the Law Library of Congress that map from the U.S. provided important insight into tribal law. In Geological Survey’s have been digitized along with links to tribal “National Atlas of “Lessons from the Third Sovereign: Indian Tribal websites and primary source materials found the United States A WINDOW Courts,” she observed that the United States elsewhere on the Web. of America” depicts actually consists of three sovereign bodies: the “Indian tribes, cultures federal government, individual states and Indian The ILP was created, in part, in response to the and languages,” 1991. tribes. Each tribe has its own government and United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Geography and Map plays an important role in the administration of Indigenous Peoples of 2007, which sets out the Division individual and collective rights of indigenous ON THE LAW justice. She estimated that the more than 170 Above: A Lakota tribal courts have a jurisdiction encompassing peoples, including the right to maintain and delegation at the White more than 1 million Americans. strengthen their own laws, cultures and traditions. House, 1877 | Brady- Handy Photograph Access to indigenous law, however, has been Subsequently, the legal profession called for Collection, Prints and OF INDIGENOUS difficult for a variety of reasons. Some sources are respect of tribal law as primary law, not just a Photographs Division only preserved through oral tradition. In other subject specialty, and for recovery and exposure of cases, tribes have codified their laws but choose the legal record of sovereign tribal governments THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROVIDES ONLINE to restrict access to them. In many instances, they in law library collections—a challenge for the ACCESS TO THE LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES provide a digital version of their most recent code, information profession to replace the imaginary constitution or court decisions online. However, with current data. PEOPLES IN THE AMERICAS. they can be difficult to locate as they have been scattered across websites and digital repositories. Digitization projects at the Library of Congress and other institutions aimed at higher visibility To increase access to these rare and hard to find of the indigenous peoples with the opening of materials, the Library of Congress has created collections to new and broader audiences. All an online tool known as the Indigenous Law these voices combined to generate tremendous

10 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 11 available on indigenous websites. The ILP makes laws of the Osage this possible by linking to individual tribal Nation includes several websites for the most authoritative source of treaties. Indian land cessions by treaty information on tribal law in the United States. and reservations were meticulously documented. The full terms of these and One can trace the evolution of the Choctaw other treaties are accessible to the public Constitution from the earliest version written This 1775 illustration interest in Indigenous law and increased study of Maps also can be used to provide a visual through the ILP. by Benjamin West in 1838 to the most recent version on the tribe’s cultural heritage and indigenous government. explanation of developments such as the Indian depicts William Penn’s website. Other examples include direct links The Library is continuing to add content Territory (later, the state of Oklahoma), a attempt at negotiating a to the tribal courts of the Seminole Nation of to the ILP by identifying, organizing and treaty with the Indians The Law Library worked with the Library’s consequence of the Indian removal to territory Oklahoma and the United Keetoowah Band providing links to free primary law sources when he founded the Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access west of the Mississippi since 1830. province of Pennsylvania Directorate to arrange the portal according to of Cherokee Indians. Groups like the Choctaw from the Library’s collections, indigenous in 1681. Prints and the Library of Congress Classification for “Law One of the first collections added to the ILP Nation of Oklahoma and Ysleta del Sur Pueblo governments, organizations, and other Photographs Division of the Indigenous Peoples in the Americas” was the American Indian Constitutions and of Texas have sophisticated websites that offer institutions. Work on the ILP is currently (Classes KIA-KIX). The classification organizes Legal Materials collection. Staff in the Law information about the services citizens expect expanding to Central and South America, resources by geographic regions, such as Library digitized its holdings of more than of their government, including economic and Library staff continues to seek input Canada, Mexico and the United States with 400 American Indian constitutions and by- development, emergency management and health from state and federal agencies and individual their narrower geographic sub-regions such as laws, charters and acts. The collection contains and human services. tribal organizations. the Northeast Atlantic and Pacific Northwest, historic Cherokee, Choctaw and Creek laws Among the powers of sovereign nations is the each with its finite list of resident tribal and legal documents—some published in the right to enter into treaties. Many European MORE INFORMATION governments. For that reason, the portal provides language of those tribes—dating back to 1810, nations, and later the United States, acknowledged interactive maps as access points to indigenous as well as constitutions signed by tribes from the sovereignty of tribes by entering into treaty Indigenous Law Portal jurisdictional resources. Through those maps, across the continental U.S. and Alaska after the loc.gov/law/help/indigenous-law-guide/ negotiations. The digitized version of the 1895 users find information on tribes and indigenous 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. groups organized alphabetically by name, by Contributors to this article include Jolande Goldberg and Carla Davis-Castro in the Acquisitions and country and by state or province. Researchers also need access to contemporary laws and legal materials, which are typically Bibliographic Access Directorate and Tina Gheen in the Law Library of Congress.

12 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 13 FROM MARC TO METADATA, THE LIBRARY’S CATALOG RECORDS AND EXPERT ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE STAFF PROVIDE ACCESS TO A TREASURE TROVE OF KNOWLEDGE.

BY JENNIFER GAVIN In the beginning—that is, in 1800—the online (see page 6). Many an author whose resources in the Library’s collection. “Description” Library of Congress consisted of 740 books and work was researched at the Library of Congress itself is a broad term, referring to information about Elihu Vedder’s three maps, all tucked into a room in the U. S. will speak gratefully about the direction and a resource’s physical properties as well as providing mosaic of “Minerva” Capitol. Finding the right book, or map didn’t extra effort delivered by such librarians to controlled name authority data about its creator on the second floor Today, cataloging is take long. patrons, daily. and assigning subject headings and classification of the Thomas numbers to reflect its content. Catalogers create Jefferson Building Today there are more than 162 million But even a trained research librarian has to know descriptions using internationally established depicts the goddess items in the collections available to how to use a system to locate that particular of wisdom and standards so that catalogs in the largest to smallest computerized and researchers. Books and other printed book, serial title or other object in the great trove peace. Carol libraries can represent the same resource in the M. Highsmith materials numbered more than 38 million; that is the Library of Congress. Archive, Prints and there were 70 million manuscripts, 5.5 same manner. Photographs Division million maps, 14 million photos and nearly Enter the Library’s catalogers—the great, Back in the day, the Library created and maintained the output is shared 2 million films. To discover and access these unsung heroes and heroines of the knowledge- vast handwritten, or typed cards stored in acreages resources, researchers need a guide. delivery business. They stave off chaos and ensure access to knowledge by establishing order of card catalogs—tall chests of specialized drawers Often, it’s a research librarian—a modern day from the start. that held indexing material used by researchers to with other libraries... knowledge navigator—encountered in-person locate books. Today, cataloging is computerized and in one of the Library’s 20 reading rooms, or, “Catalogs”, “finding aids”, and “metadata” are the output is shared with other libraries, sometimes for many, through the “Ask a Librarian” service all terms used to refer to the description of in multiple formats.

14 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 15 The Library’s catalog is freely available online.

The move to automating catalog records was led by a seminal figure in library science, Henriette D. Avram, who joined the Library of Congress in 1965 and created the MARC (machine- readable cataloging) format. Avram, who was not formally trained as a librarian, had learned computer programming in an earlier job at the National Security Agency. But upon her arrival at FOUND IT! the Library, she steeped herself in Library needs, knowledge and lore so she could determine what Nearly 1.6 million people came to the Library of where photographs and manuscript records of the From Left: Grand data would underpin MARC, a system that won Congress in 2015 to conduct research in its 21 aviation pioneers are housed. “I am more indebted Hotel Pupp, Carlsbad, worldwide adoption and earned Avram many reading rooms on Capitol Hill. More than 60 million to this great institution than I can say. It is the Bohemia, Austro- Hungary, Detroit awards, including some of the highest honors users visited the Library’s website last year to mother church of the library system in America.” bestowed within library science. access Library resources. Here are some examples Publishing Company, Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin: “For 1890-1900 | of what researchers found. Teddy and Taft almost 90 percent of what Photochrom Prints MARC made it possible for cataloging data to Film director Wes Anderson: “The Library of I needed was at the Library of Congress” Collection, Prints be entered, accessed and stored on mainframe Congress’s Photochrom Print Collection includes said Doris Kearns Goodwin about her 2013 and Photographs computers and shared cooperatively with partner commercially produced pictures showing views book, “The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, Division; Aftermath libraries around the world. of the Johnstown of Europe around the turn of the 20th century,” William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Flood, Ernest Walter To succeed the MARC format in the age of the Anderson told “The Telegraph.” They’re black- Journalism.” Goodwin also spent years Histed, May 3, and-white photographs that have been colorized. eviewing the Library’s collection of Lincoln 1889 | Prints and semantic web and linked open data technologies, “What you see when you look at these pictures papers for her 2006 book, “Team of Rivals: Photographs Division; the Library of Congress is leading the effort are landscapes and cityscapes, from all over the The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln,” Theodore Roosevelt to create a new bibliographic data carrier world. … A huge number of them are from the from which the screenplay for the 2012 film and William H. Taft, called the Bibliographic Framework Initiative Austro-Hungarian Empire and Prussia. These “Lincoln” was adapted. Brown Brothers, circa (BIBFRAME). BIBFRAME will be a carrier for pictures were a great inspiration for “The Grand 1909 | Prints and Musician, writer and actor Henry Rollins: “These Photographs Division library data that will be shareable not only with Budapest Hotel.” Many of the old hotels in these people are all about collecting, databasing and other libraries that share the same systems, but photographs still exist as buildings. But none of preserving. I am in my element,” said Rollins about on the World Wide Web through a semantic web them exist as the places they once were.” staff in the Library’s Motion Picture, Broadcasting technology called linked open data. Historian David McCullough: “I discovered and Recorded Sound Division. “We are having my vocation here in the Library of Congress. conversations about acid-free paper and Mylar I have done research on all my work at this L-sleeves! Be still, my fanatic heart. … A day of great library. After seeing pictures of the 1889 nonstop awe and inspiration. Whenever any great flood in Johnstown, Pa., in the Library’s Prints song or album gets lost in the ether, someone is and Photographs Division, I began writing my deprived of the joy of hearing it, and the great first history, ‘The Johnstown Flood’ (1968).” effort of those who created and recorded the work McCullough researched his latest book, “The is damaged. Thankfully, the fanatics are there to Wright Brothers,” at the Library of Congress, make sure the jam session never stops.”

16 Prints and Photographs Divison 17 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm BEACHER WIGGINS, DIRECTOR OF THE ACQUISITIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS DIRECTORATE, expert’s CORNER DISCUSSES THE EVOLUTION OF CATALOGING.

Without bibliographic control, there would be no access to the Library’s vast collections. Having over 160 million items in its collections would be meaningless if Library staff members could not locate collection items and make them accessible to Congress and other users.

The Library’s cataloging and processing staff create the records that serve as intermediaries between users and content. The Library serves the larger library community—nationally and internationally—by sharing its cataloging data. This began in 1901 with the printing and distribution of the Library’s cataloging

cards. Today, the Library’s most current and Shawn Miller authoritative bibliographic resources are available through its Cataloging Distribution Service, which also supplies web-based cataloging tools the web world. AACR2 was card catalog focused. and cataloging records in various formats. RDA better positions the library community to process non-print and print materials. This is Bibliographic control has changed vastly in the particularly important as more digital content is century since the first catalog card was printed, being added to library collections. Further, RDA due in large part to technological developments. is less Anglo-centric, making it accessible to a One of the biggest changes came in the late greater number of countries beyond the English- 1960s with the implementation of the Machine speaking world. RDA is particularly beneficial to Beacher Readable Cataloging (MARC) format. The the Library of Congress, which collects materials Wiggins is a Library, under the guidance and vision of in all languages, because it means the creation of recipient of the Henriette Avram—who led the creation and more cataloging data that can be used without American Library national and international adoption of MARC— requiring changes, thereby making cataloging and Association’s A mural by Charles rolled out the MARC format incrementally, processing more efficient. Melvil Dewey BIBFRAME will open the world of Today, many books, newspapers, magazines, Sprague Pearce in starting with print materials in Latin script. Medal for the Library’s Thomas bibliographic data to the linked open data world, manuscripts, maps, films, photographs and other From the time I joined the Library in 1972 With the adoption of RDA, it became outstanding Jefferson Building making library data truly interchangeable in the library materials are freely available on the web. through the 1980s, MARC formats for other increasingly apparent that MARC, as the format leadership, deep features a quote from web environment. The many years of effort the Some 52.3 million digital files are available from types of materials (such as sound recordings, for containing and sharing library bibliographic knowledge and Confucious. Carol M. Library of Congress and its partners have put the Library of Congress through its website and moving image, cartographic items, and non-Latin data, was not sufficient to support the new broad experience Highsmith Archive, into creating thesauri and establishing authorized many are in the public domain. in librarianship. Prints and Photographs scripts like Chinese characters and Cyrillic) were cataloging code. Further, it was not compatible to headings for creators can be redeployed and gradually issued and implemented by the Library non-library entities, which limited the Library’s Division “Digitization will become more and more ultimately used to help “organize” the web as and the library community. ability to use metadata created by web content extensive over time, and more books and other well as make library resources instantly findable developers, as well as other cultural institutions library materials are ‘born digital,’ said Beacher through search engines for the users. While the Library was making a major shift to such as archives and museums. Wiggins, the Library’s director for acquisitions an automated environment in the late 1960s, a The Library’s catalog is freely available online. and bibliographic access. “Yet even when we new set of cataloging rules was adopted. AACR2 BIBFRAME, which the Library is currently It includes references to resources in all formats digitize an item, we also maintain the original for (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd. Ed.) developing and testing in a pilot mode, is making and may provide links to materials that have its archival value. codified descriptive cataloging rules dating back it possible for the Library to operate more been digitized. Interlibrary loan services are to the early 20th century. effectively in the linked data world. available to researchers from other libraries Whether you choose to access its resources in- who find that the only copy of a material they person or online, the Library of Congress MARC was the standard for more than 40 years. BIBFRAME, coupled with RDA, will allow need for their work is available at the Library is working to ensure that you will always be Two standards are transforming bibliographic the Library of Congress, along with other of Congress. able to find the “it” you’re looking for in its control today—RDA: Resource Description and libraries, to share and use metadata in ways vast collections. Access and BIBFRAME. never before possible, with great savings of time, energy and resources. Jennifer Gavin is a senior public affairs specialist in the Library’s Office of Communications. Beth Davis-Brown, RDA was implemented in 2013 as a replacement MORE INFORMATION a section head in the Library’s Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access Directorate, contributed to this article. for AACR2, to be a set of instructions for descriptive cataloging. RDA is a restructuring Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access of AACR2 to provide guidance on cataloging in loc.gov/aba/

18 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 19 2005 online OFFERINGS favorite PLACES

Email/RSS THE SOCIAL Bulletins 60 bulletin services LIBRARY 449,170 total subscribers WITH ITS ROBUST SOCIAL MEDIA OFFERINGS, Twitter Launch: December 2006 THE LIBRARY EXTENDS ACCESS TO 955,061 Followers ITS COLLECTIONS AND SERVICES TO A Launch: January 2009 WORLDWIDE AUDIENCE.

Not everyone has the opportunity to visit the Library of Congress on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. At the dawn of the digital Flickr age, the Library of Congress recognized 223,353,674 Views this and became one of the first cultural Launch: January 2008 institutions to make rudimentary digitized versions of its most popular collections available on what was charmingly referred to YouTube as the “World Wide Web.” Decades later, the 10,746,560 Views Library’s website at loc.gov provides millions Launch: April 2009 of digitized items and robust services to the public at no cost. But in these days of push media and mobile 2010 access, it’s not enough to simply offer a rich and comprehensive website of assets, collections and curated content, then wait for ITunesU users to find it. A public institution like the 588,950 Visitors MORE INFORMATION: Library of Congress has a responsibility to 3,823,422 reach out to its audiences and get them what Consumption Maps at the they want when they want it. (Downloads and Library of Congress Streams) loc.gov/maps/ These days, one way of doing this is via Launch: June 2009 collections/ social media. What was a short time ago experimental, cutting-edge, “Web 2.0” access Facebook Worlds Revealed Blog strategies are in 2016 simply a requirement 354,233 Likes blogs.loc.gov/maps/ of doing business. Since launching one of the 118,631,392 first federal blogs a decade ago, the Library Impressions Geography and Map Division has been a pacesetter in both government and Launch: July 2009 loc.gov/rr/geogmap/ library communities by its use of social media to extend the reach of our collections and services to a broad, worldwide audience. Shawn Miller

Today, the Library promotes its work to a THE SCANNING LAB global audience through a growing number Pinterest in the Geography While not a publicly accessible space, this of social media channels. The foray into 5,445 Followers and Maps Division is where large-format and other scanning labs in the Library play social media that began with a lone blog Launch: June 2014 cartographic treasures get precision, high- a key role in its mission to provide universal now encompasses 15 topic blogs, 10 public resolution digitization. Here, specialist access to the rich, diverse and enduring Twitter accounts, six Facebook pages, channels Diane Schug-O’Neill digitizes a map from collections. For decades, the Library of on Flickr, YouTube, iTunes U, LinkedIn, 2015 the collections. The oversized documents Congress has been steadily digitizing Instagram and Pinterest, plus dozens of topic- might confound an ordinary office scanner eligible maps, books, photos, manuscripts, and storage system, but the lab’s state-of- film, video and audio, then working to specific email bulletin services—all to support Instagram researchers and the intellectually curious. the-art equipment provides and archives describe, archive and make them available 1,922 Followers high-resolution digital versions of our worldwide online. Launch: August 2015 —John Sayers cartographic treasures.

Statistics as of November 30, 2015 20 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 21 page FROM THE PAST technology AT THE LIBRARY THE ROSE BOWL

The Rose Bowl game—the nation’s oldest and VIEW CONGRESS most renowned post-season college football game—was first held on Jan. 1, 1902, at AT WORK Tournament Park in Pasadena, California. Nicknamed “the granddaddy of them all,” the MORE THAN 1 MILLION ITEMS ARE SEARCHABLE Rose Bowl game is part of the Tournament of ON THE CONGRESS.GOV WEBSITE. Roses celebration that includes the football game and the Rose Parade that began in 1890. The Library of Congress has been the official The second Rose Bowl game was held in 1916 and online source of U.S. legislative information since has continued to be held annually for a century. THOMAS.gov launched on Jan. 5, 1995. In Since 1923, the game has been played each recent years, the Library has worked to transition January (usually on New Year’s Day) in Pasadena’s Rose Bowl Stadium (with the exception of one year the site to the modern, mobile-friendly website, during World War II). Designed by architect Myron Congress.gov. With the most recent update, more Hunt, the stadium was a venue for the Olympic than 1 million items pertaining to the legislative Games in 1932 and 1984 and for the 1994 FIFA process are accessible on your computer or World Cup, among other large public events. mobile device. The Library holds a collection of photographs and Congress.gov provides Members of Congress, other documentation of the Rose Bowl Stadium that legislative agencies and the public with accurate, are part of the Historic American Buildings Survey timely and complete legislative information. The (HABS)—the nation’s first federal preservation site is presented by the Library of Congress using program. HABS began in 1933 under the federal data from the U.S. House of Representatives, Work Projects Administration (WPA), a New Deal the U.S. Senate, the Government Publishing legislative subject terms and popular and short agency under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Office, the Congressional Budget Office and the titles of legislation. following year, HABS became part of the National Library’s Congressional Research Service (CRS). Park Service. Congress.gov also contains an ever-expanding Under an agreement with the National Park Service The site contains metadata for legislation starting glossary that covers legislative terms and a and the American Institute of Architects, the Library with 1973 (the 93rd Congress), full text of “Resources” section that provides a portal of Congress was given the responsibility of housing, the legislation beginning in 1993 (the 103rd to legislative branch websites. An “Annual maintaining and making the collection accessible Congress) and both the Congressional Record Appropriations” page provides access to the public. and committee reports dating back to 1995 (the to continuing appropriations, omnibus The HABS collection continues to grow through 104th Congress). Treaty documents, nominations appropriations, supplemental appropriations, documentation created by schools, contractors, and executive communications are also accesible. regular appropriations and budget resolutions and preservationists. It has been augmented by two dating to 2005. A list of the top 10 most-viewed other National Park Service heritage documentation The site also offers profiles of all current bills page is provided weekly using metrics from projects: the Historic American Engineering Record Members of Congress, and some former the previous week. (HAER) and the Historic American Landscapes Members dating to 1929 (the 71st Congress). Survey (HALS). The HABS/HAER/HALS collections Each profile includes a photo, a link to a short To make Congress.gov more accessible to people are among the largest and most heavily used in biography, district information, party affiliation with disabilities, a new feature, “Listen to this the Library’s Prints and Photographs Division. The and, in the case of current members, links to page” reads the legislative summaries aloud. A collections document more than 40,000 structures congressional website and contact information. new video series, “Two-Minute Tips,” provides and sites throughout the nation, and comprise tutorials such as “Creating and Using Congress. more than 600,000 items (photographs, drawings Along with the growth in volume of data on the gov Email Alerts,” “Search Terms and Facets” and historical reports). Many of these items are site, additional features have been added. Users and “Navigating a Bill.” These short videos join a accessible online. can now sign up and receive email alerts any nine-part series on the legislative process, written time a Member of Congress (from the current by CRS experts. Congress) introduces a bill, there is an action on a MORE INFORMATION particular bill or a new issue of the Congressional With each new update, the Congress.gov website HABS/HAER/HALS Collection Record is available on the site. is improving service to users, whose feedback is go.usa.gov/ckbcN being incorporated into the site. The “Browse” page, which offers roll call votes, The Rose Bowl Stadium legislation by policy area and bills by sponsors —Andrew Weber is legislative information systems

go.usa.gov/ckbx8 Prints and Photographs Division Historic American Buildings Survey, and cosponsors, now includes lists of public laws, manager in the Law Library of Congress.

22 23 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm around THE LIBRARY news BRIEFS LIBRARY ACQUIRES HISTORICAL PUBLIC DAVID BROMBERG PAPERS BROADCASTS NOW ONLINE American folk-music legend David Bromberg, The Library of Congress and public broadcaster a guitar and fiddle virtuoso who has become WGBH Boston announce the launch of the a renowned expert in rare violins, has donated American Archive of Public Broadcasting (AAPB) papers pertaining to his musical career to the Online Reading Room. With contributions Library of Congress’ American Folklife Center. from more than 100 public media organizations across the country, radio and television broadcasts The collection, dating from Bromberg’s early stage produced over the past 70 years are now available days playing with such folk luminaries as Bob to stream on the AAPB website. Dylan, Pete Seeger and Doc Watson, includes notes, letters, photographs, ephemera from shows This rich collection of programs dating from the (including posters and programs) and audio and 1940s to the 2010s will help tell the stories of local video recordings documenting public and private communities throughout the nation in the last half 1 2 performances. In 2002, Bromberg and his wife of the 20th century and first decade of the 21st. moved to Wilmington, Delaware, where they are Items in the collection include a 1956 interview now the proprietors of David Bromberg Fine with Rosa Parks during the Montgomery Bus Violins, which sells and repairs fine instruments. Boycott; a live broadcast from the opening reception of the World Trade Organization’s Bromberg has returned to the stage part-time and Seattle Summit in 1999; and a 1974 debate has recorded two albums: “Try Me One More between U.S. Rep. Martha Griffiths, sponsor of the Time” (2007), nominated for a Grammy in the Equal Rights Amendment, and Phyllis Schlafly, category of Traditional Folk Album, and “Use the main opponent of the ERA. Me” (2011) in which he performs songs written by John Hiatt, Guy Clark, Dr. John, Keb’ Mo’ and The entire collection of 40,000 hours has been David Hidalgo. preserved and is available for research on location MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2015/15-196.html at WGBH and the Library of Congress. MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2015/15-194.html 4 5 LITERACY AWARD WINNERS ANNOUNCED ADDITIONS TO THE NATIONAL 3 Three nonprofit organizations are the recipients FILM REGISTRY of the 2015 Library of Congress Literacy Awards. Spanning the period 1894-1997, 25 films have 1. Gershwin Prize recipient Willie Nelson, his wife Annie Originated and sponsored by philanthropist David been named to the National Film Registry. This D’Angelo and their sons Lukas and Micah pose for a M. Rubenstein, the Literacy Awards recognize year’s selections bring to 675 the number of films selfie in the Library’s Main Reading Room. and support organizations working to alleviate the in the registry—a small fraction of the Library’s problems of illiteracy and aliteracy in the United vast moving-image collection of 1.3 million items. 2. The Library displays items from the recently acquired States and worldwide. Titles on the National Film Registry have been collection of composer Marvin Hamlisch—one of 2 identified as motion pictures that deserve to be people to be awarded a Pulitzer, Emmy, Grammy, Oscar The recipient of the David M. Rubenstein Prize preserved because of their cultural, historic or and Tony (PEGOT). ($150,000) is First Book, which works to further aesthetic importance. The 2015 registry includes educational equity by tackling the scarcity of 3. During a Library concert on Nov. 13, conductor such iconic movies as the 1994 “Shawshank books and educational resources for millions of Matthias Pintscher leads Ensemble Intercontemporain Redemption,” based on a Stephen King novella; children growing up in low-income families in the in a moment of silence for victims of the Paris terrorist “Top Gun,” the 1986 adrenaline-charged Navy U.S. and Canada. The American Prize ($50,000) attacks. drama, starring Tom Cruise and Kelly McGillis; recipient is United Through Reading, which helps the 1959 melodrama “Imitation of Life,” starring 4. Former Prime Minister of Great Britain and Northern films service members reading storybooks and Lana Turner; and director Ivan Reitman’s 1984 Ireland Tony Blair discusses defeating Islamist sends the video recordings and the books home to 6 horror comedy “Ghostbusters,” starring Bill extremism during the Library’s Henry Alfred Kissinger their families. The International Prize ($50,000) Murray and Dan Aykroyd. Also on the list of Lecture Series. recipient is Beanstalk, a volunteer-based literacy significant films is “The Sneeze” (1894), one of the 6. The U.S. Marine Drum and Bugle Corps, “The organization that provides one-on-one support to 5. Author Tom Angleberger (right) directs the audience earliest film recordings and the oldest surviving Commandant’s Own,” performs a holiday concert in the children ages 6 to 11. A formal presentation of the to voice Chewbacca (on screen) during the Star Wars Library’s Great Hall. copyrighted motion picture, which was produced awards will be held at the Library of Congress in readers’ theater event with fellow authors (from left) by Thomas Edison’s team of inventors. Tony Diterlizzi, Alexandra Bracken and Adam Gidwitz. All photos | Shawn Miller the spring. MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2015/15-216.html MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2015/15-195.html

24 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 25 shop THE LIBRARY support THE LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SHOP offers items that celebrate books and libraries. ROSA PARKS PAPERS

GENEROUS SUPPORT HELPS THE LIBRARY MAKE ITS COLLECTIONS ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC.

The idea first came to Howard Buffett one evening as he sat watching the evening news. The papers of Rosa Parks, the broadcast reported, for years had been sitting in storage boxes in New York—unpreserved, unused, inaccessible to the public. How, Buffett wondered, could papers of one of the civil-rights movement’s great figures be left in such a state?

“I thought, ‘That’s crazy,’ ” recalled Buffett. “How can that be right?”

Jefferson’s Library Catalog Library Card Socks Library Card Tote Following the broadcast that evening, Buffett Product #21110240 Product #21503271 (small); 21503273 (large) Product #21301023 suggested to board members that the Howard Collection will be available on the Library’s Philanthropist Price: $36.95 Price: $10 Price: $18.95 G. Buffett Foundation buy the collection and Howard G. Buffett website early in 2016. speaks during a Peruse Thomas Jefferson’s catalog of Wear your love of libraries on your feet. Check out this nostalgic Library of make sure it would be preserved. But, he was ceremony honoring him his personal library, which he sold to Congress tote. Small (Men’s 9-11/Women’s 5.5-9.5) or told, preserving historical documents doesn’t The Parks collection includes personal for his purchase and Congress in 1815. Large (Men’s 10-13/Women’s 8-12). really fit the foundation’s mission, no matter how correspondence, photographs, her own writings, loan of the Rosa Parks worthy the cause. Indeed, the Buffett Foundation letters from presidents, her Presidential Medal Collection to the Library works to improve the standard of living for the of Freedom, clothing and furniture, drawings of Congress. Shawn world’s most-impoverished populations, primarily by schoolchildren and hundreds of cards Miller supporting projects in food security, access to thanking her for her work—papers that span water, conflict mitigation and public safety. 140 years of family history and shed light on Buffett was on the verge of giving up, he said, the civil-rights movement. when he received a letter from a Florida woman he’d never met. “This gift embodies what David M. Rubenstein, the chairman of our private-sector support “Mr. Buffett,” she wrote, “It’s not my place, group, the Madison Council, has called ‘patriotic but I really think you should buy the Rosa philanthropy,’ ” said former Librarian of Congress Parks collection.” James H. Billington when the collection arrived last year. “It allows the Library of Congress to Inspired again, Buffet pressed on. share with people everywhere the life of one of the leading civil-rights icons, who is not just “This is just the right thing to do,” he said. a famous picture of a woman on the bus but “It doesn’t matter that I’m a little off-focus. It a living, breathing, wonderfully modest and doesn’t matter that it isn’t what we typically do. extremely important proof of the value and the This is just the right thing to do, and we need to witness of what one individual can mean, not just get it done.” to this country but to the world.” The Buffett Foundation eventually purchased Lincoln’s Bible March On Washington Minerva Silk Scarf —Mark Hartsell is editor of The Gazette, the Product #21120283 Product #211050233 Product # 21304064 the collection—some 7,500 manuscripts and Library’s staff newspaper. Price: $50 Price: $29.95 Price: $69.95 2,500 photographs—and placed it on loan to the Library of Congress for 10 years. The Own this facsimile of the bible used at the Leonard Freed’s stirring photo-essay This printed silk scarf is an adaptation of MORE INFORMATION collection opened formally to researchers on Feb. presidential inaugurations of Abraham Lincoln documents the 1963 March on Washington for Elihu Vedder’s Minerva mosaic in the Library of Make a Gift to the Library of Congress and Barack Obama. 5.75 inches 4 inches. Jobs and Freedom. Congress. 4, 2015, on the birthday of the civil-rights icon. With support for its digitization by the Buffett 202.707.2777 loc.gov/philanthropy Foundation, selected items from the Rosa Parks MORE INFORMATION | Order online: loc.gov/shop | Order by phone: 888.682.3557

26 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine January/February 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 27 28 last LCM

| L ibrary WORD o f

C ongress

M agazine

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Out of the Ashes: A New Library for Congress and the Nation Through May 2016

Here to Stay: The Legacy of George and Ira Gershwin Ongoing

Exploring the Early Americas Ongoing

MORE INFORMATION: loc.gov/exhibits/