ACRP Project 03-43 Integrating Airport Ground Access and Metropolitan Surface Transportation Planning Efforts Final Report
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ACRP Project 03-43 Integrating Airport Ground Access and Metropolitan Surface Transportation Planning Efforts Final Report Michael D. Meyer Atlanta, GA and Simon M. Mosbah Louis D. Wolinetz Washington DC WSP USA, Inc. Prepared for Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine Privileged Document This document, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members or participants in CRP. This document is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by CRP. WSP USA Inc. July 2019 1 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Project Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Research Approach ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Review of the Literature and of Relevant Existing Procedures, Protocols, Rules, Laws, Tools and Regulations ................................................................................................................................................... 7 General Literature on Airport Ground Access (all modes and types) ........................................................ 8 Airport Planning ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Rules/Regulations/Laws ........................................................................................................................... 11 Metropolitan Transportation Planning and Airports ............................................................................... 14 Collaboration Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 16 Survey of Key Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................... 17 Airport-Transportation Planning Agency Collaboration Case Studies ..................................................... 21 Tools and Methods for Collaboration ......................................................................................................... 27 Guidebook for Assessing Collaborative Planning Efforts Among Airport and Public Planning Agencies ... 30 Education and Outreach Plan ..................................................................................................................... 33 Target Audiences ................................................................................................................................ 34 Relevant Organizations for Targeted Audiences ................................................................................ 35 Proposed Content and Outline of Materials ....................................................................................... 36 Dissemination Methods ...................................................................................................................... 37 Performance Monitoring .................................................................................................................... 41 Budget and Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 41 References .................................................................................................................................................. 43 Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Airport and Planning Agency Staffs ................................................ A-1 A1: Airport Survey .................................................................................................................................. A-1 A2: MPO Survey ...................................................................................................................................... A-4 Appendix B: Case Studies ........................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1 Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Airport Case Study .................................................................................. B-2 B.2 Baltimore Washington International Airport Case Study ............................................................... B-19 B.3 Indianapolis International Airport Case Study ................................................................................ B-32 B.4 Los Angeles International Airport Case Study ................................................................................. B-44 B.5 Minneapolis - St. Paul International Airport Case Study ................................................................. B-60 2 B.6 San Diego International Airport Case Study ................................................................................... B-78 Figures Figure 1: Research Approach ........................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2: Literature Related to Airport and Surface Transportation Planning Agency Collaboration .......... 7 Figure 3: Location of Survey Respondents .................................................................................................. 20 Figure 4: Proposed Schedule for Outreach Effort ....................................................................................... 42 Tables Table 1: Surveys Completed by Both Airport and MPO Representatives ................................................... 18 Table 2: Efficacy and Cost of Different Dissemination Strategies ............................................................... 41 Table 3: Estimated Budget for Outreach Effort .......................................................................................... 42 3 Introduction Efficient ground access is key to the operation of airports. Primarily through the master planning process, airports devote considerable resources to identifying the needs of airport users for facilities such as access to the terminal curb, parking, and rental car facilities. At the same time, surface planning agencies study and implement solutions to improve access to the airport and themselves develop transportation plans that include the airport as a major origin and destination of many regional trips. However, collaboration and coordination between airports and surface transportation planning agencies often is lacking, with each entity focusing on its side of the airport property line. Given the importance of airport ground access, this lack of coordination could have important consequences for the success and cost of ground access projects. In addition, it could affect the sustainable growth and operations of airports, which heavily depend on efficient and effective access. There are many opportunities in the planning processes of both airports and planning agencies for collaboration to occur. For planning organizations, such opportunities could occur in the planning for the metropolitan long-range transportation plan (the responsibility of the metropolitan planning organization (MPO); comprehensive plans (the responsibility of local jurisdictions) that include land use and transportation components; corridor-level plans focusing on major transportation corridors that are experiencing safety and/or congestions problems; regional transit plans (usually the responsibility of the transit agency although in some cases developed by the MPO); site-specific, development-oriented planning that focuses on traffic impacts; and environmental planning that includes noise pollution, air pollutant emissions and a myriad other environmental concerns. For airports, opportunities for collaboration could include airport master plan updates; other planning studies (e.g., terminal-specific plans, airfield plans); airport layout plans (drawings that include off airport property sites) required by law for airports that receive federal funding; and environmental assessment studies for major changes in airport access. With many air traveler expectations increasingly including high quality airport access via different transportation modes, there is a need to understand how the different planning organizations can work collaboratively in providing the most effective airport access strategies. Evolving transportation technology, such as autonomous vehicles, , might be another factor that influences the future of transportation and that could lead to a rethinking of airport access strategies. With respect to transit, not only will improved transit access to an airport benefit air travelers, but enhanced service could be mutually beneficial to the region, business interests and to the community at large. Project Purpose This research project had two objectives: 1) prepare a guidebook to help airports and transportation planning agencies develop compatible ground access and surface transportation plans; and 2) develop a detailed education and outreach plan that could be implemented in a future Phase 2 of the project. This report summarizes the research approach, presents the major findings of the data collection, offers a guidebook for collaborative ground access and transportation planning, and recommends