September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S13995 Professor Handlin’s appealing writing Ferdie Reed had to leave school in The Senate resumed consideration of style allowed him to touch a genera- the sixth grade to work in the cotton the bill. tion of Americans far beyond the con- fields outside his home of Poplar Bluff, Pending: fines of the academic world. His obser- MO, and has worked as a night watch- Helms (for Dole/Helms) amendment No. vations on our history dealt movingly man at Three Rivers Community Col- 2707 (to committee amendment on page 2, with the experiences of immigrants lege for the past 28 years. He married line 25), to provide for the streamlining and from the beginning of our history. Dur- Lillie Mae Arrington in 1950 and to- consolidation of the foreign affairs agencies ing his brilliant career, he published gether they raised eleven children, of the United States. Brown amendment No. 2708 (to committee nearly a book a year, and each received stressing the values of hard work and amendment beginning on page 15, line 17 wide acclaim. responsibility as the keys to a success- through page 16, line 24), to clarify restric- As he notes, Americans have argued ful future. Ferdie worked hard to pro- tions on assistance to Pakistan. (By 37 yeas over immigration for centuries. To vide for his family by farming, while to 61 nays (Vote No. 452), Senate earlier those concerned that today’s immi- holding other jobs. Lillie devoted her- failed to table the amendment.) grants will not adjust to America and self to her family as a full time mother Murkowski amendment No. 2712, to set contribute to American life, he replies and was active in the work of the forth requirements for implementation of that in 1850, 27 languages were spoken Reed’s local church. She proved to be the Agreed Framework Between the United States and North Korea Act relating to the in Boston. Yet, these immigrants an inspiration for her children by going Korean Peninsula Energy Development Orga- quickly learned English and joined our back to school and earning her General nization. communities, just as immigrants are Equivalency Degree. AMENDMENT NO. 2708 doing today. The emphasis the Reed family places The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under When asked last month whether he on education and their example of hard the previous order, there will now be 1 still viewed our ethnic diversity a basic work was followed by their 11 children, hour of debate on the Brown amend- strength, he responded unequivocally, all of whom graduated from Three Riv- ment No. 2708, equally divided. ‘‘More so than ever.’’ ers Community College in Poplar Bluff. As we consider immigration reform Ten of the children have also gone on Mr. BROWN addressed the Chair. today, we would do well to keep Pro- to earn bachelors’ degrees at 4-year The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fessor Handlin’s insights in mind. I universities. Together, the 11 Reed Chair recognizes the Senator from Col- know my colleagues join me in com- children have more than 170 years of orado. mending the contributions of this great education. Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield scholar and outstanding American. I Recently, the Reeds were honored in myself 1 minute. wish many happy returns as he and his their home of Poplar Bluff for their The PRESIDING OFFICER. So or- family celebrate his 80th birthday this dedication to education and the posi- dered. weekend. tive impact they have had on their Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, this amendment is about simple fairness. f children and their community. I join today in honoring Ferdie and Lillie We have taken their money. We have THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE Reed, as well as their children, Wen- obtained a contract to deliver equip- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, on that dell, Ferdie Jr., Linda, Brenda, Sharon, ment, and we do not want to deliver evening in 1972 when I first was elected Patricia, Kathryn, David, Karen, Paul, that equipment. I understand the feel- to the Senate, I made a commitment to and Mary Ann for their significant ings of those Members who have that myself that I would never fail to see a achievements. I salute them for their position. But, Mr. President, it is young person, or a group of young peo- dedication, determination, and perse- wrong to take somebody’s money and ple, who wanted to see me. verance in the pursuit of a better life not deliver the equipment and not give It has proved enormously beneficial through education. them their money back. to me because I have been inspired by Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Mr. President, I If this were Sears, Roebuck in the the estimated 60,000 young people with suggest the absence of a quorum. United States, we would lock them up. whom I have visited during the nearly The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The The consumer protection laws do not 23 years I have been in the Senate. clerk will call the roll. apply to the U.S. Government, but, Mr. Most of them have been concerned The assistant legislative clerk pro- President, simple fairness does. The about the enormity of the Federal debt ceeded to call the roll. American people understand this issue that Congress has run up for the com- Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I ask because they understand what it is like ing generations to pay. unanimous consent that further pro- when someone who is selling something The young people and I almost al- ceedings under the quorum call be re- takes their money and does not deliver ways discuss the fact that under the scinded. either the product or the money. That U.S. Constitution, no President can The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. is what this amendment is all about. It spend a dime of Federal money that FAIRCLOTH). Without objection, it is so is about fairness, and it is about saying has not first been authorized and ap- ordered. either give them their money back or propriated by both the House and Sen- f give them the equipment they con- ate of the United States. CONCLUSION OF MORNING tracted for. That is why I began making these BUSINESS Mr. President, I retain the remainder of my time. daily reports to the Senate on Feb- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ruary 22, 1992. I wanted to make a mat- Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I suggest the previous order, morning business is the absence of a quorum. ter of daily record of the precise size of closed. the Federal debt which as of yesterday, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Wednesday, September 20, stood at f clerk will call the roll. $4,967,473,200,287.86 or $18,856.61 for FOREIGN OPERATIONS, EXPORT The legislative clerk proceeded to every man, woman, and child in Amer- FINANCING, AND RELATED PRO- call the roll. ica on a per capita basis. GRAMS APPROPRIATIONS ACT, Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I ask f 1996 unanimous consent that further pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ceedings under the quorum call be dis- THE REED FAMILY OF POPLAR pensed with. BLUFF, MO the previous order, the hour of 10 a.m. having arrived, the Senate will now re- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, sume consideration of H.R. 1868, which COVERDELL). Without objection, it is so today I rise to salute a family from the clerk will report. ordered. southeastern Missouri whose dedica- The legislative clerk read as follows: Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, par- tion to providing a better life for their A bill (H.R. 1868) making appropriations liamentary inquiry. children and whose commitment to for foreign operations, export financing, and Under the quorum call that just took education serves as a model for parents related programs for the fiscal year ending place, how is the time charged to each and families across America. September 30, 1996. side?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S13996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. It was proliferation and are we serious about assistance was indeed inhibiting Paki- charged to the Senator that suggested it or not? stan’s bomb program, as was con- it. We all love to get up and make our fidently assumed by Reagan adminis- Mr. GLENN. Would the Chair repeat? press conference statements about how tration officers. Waiver after waiver The PRESIDING OFFICER. It was much we are against nuclear prolifera- after waiver, which I went through in charged to the Senator who suggested tion and we do not want to see nuclear detail last night, waiver after waiver it. weapons spread to more nations around after waiver for Pakistan. And every Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, my sense the world. We, in fact, right now are time one was granted, it was granted is that fairness would require that it be getting control of our nuclear weapons on the basis that we need to be their charged to both sides equally. stockpiles with the former Soviet friends so they will not continue along The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Union, now the Russians, and we are this route. objection? scaling those down. At the same time And we have that whole trail of bro- Without objection, it is so ordered. we asked other nations, ‘‘Please do not ken promises, one after another after Mr. BROWN. I suggest the absence of go ahead with nuclear weapons pro- another. The result of all of this, all a quorum and request the time be grams. We will cooperate with you if the untruths that were told to us, all charged equally to both sides. you do not.’’ this mendacity, plus ongoing informa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without We cooperated with Pakistan when tion that the program was progressing, objection, it is so ordered. they were threatened and mutual in- resulted in the Pressler amendment. The clerk will call the roll. terest indicated we should send weap- Well, the CIA, to their credit, was The legislative clerk proceeded to ons to the Mujaheddin in Afghanistan. skeptical that any of these things call the roll. It was in Pakistan’s interest we do would work back at that time. And Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I ask that, also. It was not just a gratuitous they were right. So now we have the ef- unanimous consent that further pro- favor to the United States. fort to give the money back. And it is ceedings under the quorum call be re- Through the years over and over we supposedly that they would like to scinded. were assured Pakistan had no nuclear have you think that the proposal from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without weapons program by their officials the other side was that they just paid objection, it is so ordered. when we knew they did. During this all this money out there, and then we Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I cannot time period we were successful in turn- jerked the rug out from under them. disagree more with my distinguished ing off a Taiwanese effort to start a nu- The fact is that out of the $858 mil- colleague from Colorado when he says clear weapons program. We were suc- lion, $50 million was paid before Press- this is just a matter of fairness about cessful in turning off a South Korean ler; the rest of it was all paid after the giving money back as though we or- effort to start a nuclear weapons pro- Pressler amendment was adopted, and dered something from Sears, Roebuck gram. South Africa, they finally gave Pakistan knew full well what they and did not get it so we ought to get up on their efforts after having a nu- were doing. They knew exactly what our money back. That is such a sim- clear weapon or being close to it. Ar- they were doing, and they continued plistic view that it mocks what we gentina and Brazil ceased their efforts. and paid the rest of that money after have been trying to do with our non- And 178 nations signed up under NPT. the Pressler amendment was adopted, proliferation policy, our nuclear non- This is a great success story. hoping that we would back down, that proliferation policy for the last 30 Do we mean it when we say we have we were not serious about our nuclear years. a nonproliferation policy or not? I am nonproliferation policy, and they were We have tried to prevent the spread very critical of this administration. I right. We backed down. The United of nuclear weapons around this world. sent a long letter to the President with States of America is still backing down That is what this issue is all about. It my position on this back in April. I in- on nuclear nonproliferation. It is not easy for the Pakis, because is a nonproliferation issue. The ques- cluded it in the RECORD last night. I they are entitled to some sympathy in tion: Are we serious about a U.S. lead- think this is sort of a test case here. Do their national security plight in South ership role in nonproliferation policy we mean it or not? If we let Pakistan Asia. They fought three wars with a or are we not? I share the concern that go ahead and say we reward them then much larger adversary, India, who was Pakistan should get its money back, with all sorts of help, with economic also pursuing a nuclear weapons pro- but not at the expense of dumping our aid, with all the things that are going gram and had exploded a device in 1984, nuclear policy and making our efforts on with the weapons program, with the and mainly built their program be- around the world to further nuclear spare parts, with things like that, with cause of China’s nuclear efforts. nonproliferation be mocked by the 178 new missiles, and we reward them for I do have sympathy for them in that nations that signed up under the Non- these efforts, it makes a mockery— regard, but I do not have much sym- Proliferation Treaty. That is what this makes a mockery—out of our non- pathy when they have deliberately mis- is all about. proliferation efforts when other na- led us, lied to us all through the years. Pakistan has been the most egre- tions say they may want to do the Mr. President, one after the other, of- gious violator. They refused to join the same thing that Pakistan has already ficials in Pakistan have not told us the NPT and refused to cooperate and re- done. truth. I said before my own personal peatedly told us untruth after untruth The international nuclear trade has experience in meeting with President after untruth after untruth, lie after been going up, I am sorry to say. We Zia, the foreign minister, Yaqub Khan, lie after lie, about their intentions on should be trying to cut it back. We and from the atomic energy commis- nuclear weapons. passed legislation—we passed the sion, Mir Khan, was that they all as- They deliberately misled us—misled Glenn–Symington amendment to deal sured us they had no program when we me personally. I was over there a cou- with this way back. We passed the knew that they did. ple times. Once I met with President Pressler amendment later on that was Let me read a few quotes. Back in Zia; with Yaqub Khan, the Foreign Pakistan-specific, and should have 1988, opposition leader Benazir Bhutto, Minister; Mir Khan, from their atomic been. It is the way it should be. But the shortly before coming Prime Minister: energy commission. They told me they Congress was unwilling to give a com- We don’t want any controversy [with the had no program at all. They said that plete blank check to Pakistan, and U.S.] on the nuclear issue . . . We want it our intelligence was just flat wrong. stipulated in our waiver legislation clear beyond doubt that we’re interested Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto re- that Pakistan would still be cut off if only in energy, not nuclear weapons. peatedly has made statements that it received or exploded a nuclear de- Again, interview with Time maga- they have no nuclear weapons objec- vice. ‘‘Received’’—in other words, zine, November 1988: tives. And yet we know that is not gained that capability. We believe in a peaceful [nuclear] program true. So what this is about is not just Congress stipulated that an annual for energy purposes and nothing else. about fairness of giving the money report would be provided on Pakistan’s Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, back as though a purchase had been nuclear activities so that Congress interview in Calcutta Telegraph, De- made at Sears; this is a matter of non- could confirm that the United States cember 1988:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S13997 I can tell you with confidence that there is is adopted that our restriction against weapons with regard to Pakistan and no bomb programme in Pakistan . . . There military assistance stays in place and not be willing to talk about the phe- is no bomb programme . . . there is no bomb it stays in place even though Pakistan nomenon of nuclear weapons with re- programme. has significant national security prob- gard to India. December, 1988: lems, our restriction against military My own view of this is that we want We’re committed to a peaceful energy pro- sales stays in place, and it does so even to be friends with both India and Paki- gram. We don’t have any [nuclear] weapons though they have a great need and stan. We want to stand beside them. policy . . . Pakistan doesn’t have any inten- want to buy equipment from the We want to work with both of them. tion to get a nuclear device or a nuclear Perhaps it was not widely noticed, but weapon. United States. For a country that is in need of as- I was the prime critic of the adminis- Another one in June 1989, Prime Min- sistance and in need of weapons, those tration when it was slow to name an ister Benazir Bhutto, in an address be- are significant and major restrictions, Ambassador to India. It seemed to me fore a joint meeting of Congress, right and to throw them away or ignore that was an important function to do, down the hall, a joint meeting of Con- them, I think, ignores the facts. The with a country that should be our gress, and made this statement to all fact is, they are strong sanctions that friend and we want to work with. of us. I was in attendance at that meet- are in place and continue in place if the I spoke out against the bashing of ing: amendment is adopted. India over the question of Kashmir. I Speaking for Pakistan, I can declare that We should not forget the fact as well believe what we want is a balanced pol- we do not possess nor do we intend to make that Pakistan signed a contract for icy, but, Mr. President, we should not a nuclear device. That is our policy. these some 9 years ago, for other parts look at the questions regarding Paki- New York Times, 1989 interview with 8 years ago, and for other parts 7 years stan’s national security in a vacuum. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto: ago. They paid for those, and whether To assume that we are going to have Pakistan has not, nor do we have any in- they paid all up front or paid in install- a policy that denies Pakistan nuclear tention of putting together or making, a ments, as most people do, I think weapons and not comment about In- bomb, or taking it to the point where you misses the point. dia’s nuclear weapons is a mistake. To can put it together. The fact is, they paid for these, they assume we are going to bash Pakistan So much for the word of Pakistan. contracted for these. These items they for trying to find missiles and not say So when we say, Mr. President, that have contracted for have sat around. anything about India’s missile program this is an issue of just giving the Does anybody think military equip- is a mistake. What we ought to have is money back, as though we have made a ment that was due for delivery 5 years a balanced policy in that part of the deal at Sears someplace, that is ex- ago is as valuable today as when it world, not a one-sided policy. I retain the remainder of my time. tremely misleading, and I disagree came up? Of course, not. Mr. President, I yield 10 minutes to with that characterization of what this So to suggest there have not been is about. the distinguished Senator from Iowa. and do not continue to be enormously Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I want What this is about is whether the significant sanctions in place against to compliment the Senator from Colo- United States has a nuclear non- Pakistan is to simply ignore the facts. rado on his diligence and his effort to proliferation policy and whether we are It is misleading, I think, to say that bring some rationality and reason to truly willing to stick to it or are we there are not major penalties that we this debate, to try to get us to focus on not. Do we have the guts to make the have demanded that the Pakistanis pay fairness and equity in dealing with this tough decisions in the interest of see- and will continue to pay in the future. part of the world. ing nuclear weapons not spread further Mr. President, a great deal has been I certainly would not want any of my around the world, just at the same made about disingenuous statements comments that I made last night in the time we are trying to get our own nu- by the Pakistanis with regard to their debate, or any I might make now, to be clear weapons stockpiles and those of nuclear program. I, for one, think it is construed to indicate in any way that I the former Soviet Union under control regrettable that that has happened. have it in for India. That is not it at and doing a good job in that area. But, we should not be holier than thou all. But I do believe that the history of Mr. President, that is what this vote when we talk about misleading state- our relations with Pakistan are such is all about. I know from the vote yes- ments regarding national security. Are that we have to start dealing in a more terday what the vote is likely to be our memories so short around here, evenhanded fashion in that part of the today. I think it is a wrong vote be- particularly with regard to Pakistan? world. cause it sends all the wrong signals to Does not anyone recall that Francis Last night in my remarks, I went the 178 nonproliferation members Gary Powers’ flight took off from Paki- over the long history of Pakistani- around the world who are doing what stan, an area we asked the Pakistanis United States friendly relations. I do we wanted them to do, what we tried to to make available to us, at a base we not mean to belabor that again and go lead them to do and which they have asked them to let us fly out of, to fly over that, other than to just say that continued to do, and that is try and over and spy on the Soviet Union? Has going clear back to when Pakistan got stop the spread of nuclear weapons everyone forgotten how important that its independence, Pakistan has always around the world. That is what this was to national security? been oriented toward the United vote is all about. Incidentally, does anyone remember States. They supported us in the Ko- I reserve the remainder of my time. what President Eisenhower said when rean war. As the Senator from Colo- Mr. BROWN addressed the Chair. he was asked about it? No one has men- rado pointed out, the flights of the U– The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tioned that today. But if you want to 2 over the Soviet Union came from Chair recognizes the Senator from Col- talk about disingenuous statements, Pakistan. After the U–2 was shot down, orado. what about President Eisenhower? Are Nikita Khrushchev threatened Paki- Mr. BROWN. I yield myself 3 min- we so holy we have forgotten it? This stan with nuclear weapons. Pakistan utes. emanated from Pakistan. President Ei- stuck with the United States. In the Mr. President, there are several im- senhower denied the flights. Was it an gulf war, Pakistan helped us out; they portant points raised by the distin- incorrect statement? Of course it was. were on our side. In Somalia—and even guished Senator from Ohio that I Why did he do it? To protect our na- in Haiti, Pakistan has sent troops to would like to address. One is the sug- tional security. help restore democracy to Haiti. gestion that we have somehow backed Does anybody remember what Presi- So in almost everything that we have down on our nonproliferation objective dent Kennedy said with regard to the done, Pakistan has been our strong or let Pakistan off the hook if this Bay of Pigs? We do not dwell on it, but friend and ally. Yet, I believe we have amendment is adopted. before we get so holy, before we get too not treated them evenhandedly. All I sincerely believe that is an inac- holy, remember, Americans have felt a this really is is a question of fairness. curate statement, and I want to draw need to protect their national security, Last night, I quoted—and I want to the attention of the Members to the too, and it is strange that people would repeat that—the statement by the Sec- facts. The reality is, if this amendment talk about the phenomenon of nuclear retary of State, Warren Christopher, in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S13998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 a letter dated September 20 to Senator would, in effect, prevent U.S. funding of counternarcotics assistance, and DASCHLE. He said: KEDO and greatly hinder, if not destroy, the counterterrorism programs. We also support international effort to implement the Agreed language that would allow for the return of We appreciate the bipartisan interest we Framework. We oppose linking KEDO fund- military equipment for which Pakistan has have seen in improving our relationship with ing to substantial progress on North Korean/ already paid. To engage Pakistan on issues Pakistan. We would support an amendment South Korean dialogue. Imposing an artifi- of concern to us, including non-proliferation, that would permit aid to Pakistan that is in cial and unrealistic deadline on North/South it is essential to resolve this unfair situa- our own interest, such as trade promotion, talks, which have taken years to progress, tion. counternarcotics assistance, and counter- will hold hostage the very funding that will There remain other problematic issues in terrorist programs. We also support language facilitate the progress we all so desire. We that would allow for the return of military the bill, but we are encouraged by the will- remain convinced that the North/South dia- ingness of the bill’s managers to work with equipment for which Pakistan has already logue will move forward substantially as a paid. To engage Pakistan on issues of con- us, and we hope that these other issues can result of the Agreed Framework and the cre- be resolved on the Senate floor or in con- cern to us, including nonproliferation, it is ation of KEDO. Our failure to contribute to essential to resolve this unfair situation. ference. KEDO will threaten its ability to meet its Sincerely, That is what the Brown amendment obligations under the Framework and, con- WARREN CHRISTOPHER. does. sequently, invite North Korean non-compli- Again, Mr. President, I ask unani- ance. The Agreed Framework is working. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, there is mous consent that this letter, dated North Korea has frozen its nuclear weapons also a letter from Secretary Perry, the program. We need Congressional support for Secretary of Defense, who said: September 20, from Secretary of State KEDO to keep the freeze in place. Christopher, be printed in its entirety Regarding assistance to the New Inde- This is an effort to resolve issues involving in the RECORD at this point. pendent States (NIS) and Russia, we have ‘‘fairness’’ that have become a major irritant There being no objection, the letter reached a critical moment in the reform in our relationship with Pakistan—it is in no was ordered to be printed in the process. Continued funding is essential. It way an effort to resume a military supply re- lationship. Meanwhile, our ability to work RECORD, as follows: can make a major difference in whether re- formers in Russia, Ukraine, Armenia, with Pakistan to achieve nonproliferation THE SECRETARY OF STATE, Moldova and other states will be able to goals is eroding. The status quo, unfortu- Washington, September 20, 1995. maintain momentum, or the opponents of re- nately, offers few incentives for future co- Hon. THOMAS A. DASCHLE, form will halt the development of demo- operation or restraint by Pakistan—or by Democratic Leader, cratic market societies. We need to stay the India, whose nuclear and missile programs U.S. Senate. course for this transitional period, while nor- are also of concern. DEAR SENATOR DASCHLE: As the Senate be- mal trading and investment relationships de- gins consideration of the FY 1996 Foreign Op- We do not hear much talk about that velop in the former Soviet states. We very around here. The nuclear programs and erations Appropriations bill, I would like to much appreciate the continued support we address several issues in the version of the have received from the Congress, and the the missile programs of India ought to bill as reported by the full Appropriations Senate Appropriations Committee in par- be a big concern of ours also. Committee. ticular, for this critical effort, as reflected in Secretary Perry concluded: At the outset I would like to thank Chair- this bill. If we succeed in putting this issue behind man McConnell and Senator Leahy for their At the same time, however, we oppose new us, we will be in a better position to engage willingness to work with us and to include conditions on assistance to the NIS. It is of Pakistan in a constructive way on issues of priority initiatives such as a long-term ex- course tempting to withdraw our assistance concern to us, particularly nonproliferation. tension of the Middle East Peace Facilita- as punishment when we do not agree with tion Act (MEPFA) and a drawdown authority Russian actions or policies. But this would I ask unanimous consent that the for Jordan in the subcommittee mark. We be a mistake. This assistance is in our na- letter from Secretary Perry, dated Au- would oppose any amendments that would tional interest. Cutting or restricting aid gust 2, also be printed in the RECORD. alter the carefully negotiated language for would hurt reformers, the very people who either of these initiatives. Also, we appre- have protested the war in Chechnya, criti- There being no objection, the letter ciate the Subcommittee’s removal of cized Russia’s proposed nuclear sale to Iran, was ordered to be printed in the objectional conditions adopted by the House or insisted that Russia end cooperation with RECORD, as follows: on population assistance and aid to Turkey, Cuba. We urge you to remove such condi- THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, Haiti, and Mexico. We hope to continue in tions from this bill. Let me assure you that Washington, DC, August 2, 1995. this cooperative fashion to produce a For- we share your concerns about Russia’s poli- Hon. SAM NUNN, eign Operations bill that can be presented to cies in these areas; that is why we continue Ranking Democrat, Committee on Armed Serv- the President with bipartisan support. to work on other fronts to stop the Russian ices, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. Despite the favorable aspects of the legis- nuclear reactor sale to Iran and to prevent DEAR SENATOR NUNN: For the past six lation, there are several items that are of completion of the Cuban reactor project. months, the Administration has wrestled great concern to the Department of State. We also urge you to restore the national with the difficult problem of trying to build The funding levels throughout the bill are security waiver for the certification require- a stronger, more flexible relationship with well below the President’s request level. The ment on violations of territorial integrity, Pakistan—an important moderate Islamic Foreign Operations cuts, coupled with the which has been removed from the Senate democracy in a troubled region which has cuts being proposed to international pro- version of this bill. It is important that the been a long-time friend and has become a grams in the Senate’s Commerce, Justice, President retain the ability to determine major partner in peacekeeping operations— State Department Appropriations bill, rep- whether the national security of the United while promoting the very important non- resent a serious threat to America’s leader- States justifies a waiver of this requirement. proliferation goals of the Pressler Amend- ship in international affairs. Moreover, removal of the waiver provision ment. The bill also contains numerous earmarks could have unintended consequences, such as Based on a detailed review within the Ad- and substantially restructures our foreign prohibiting humanitarian assistance to the ministration and consultations with Con- aid accounts. We expect international agen- victims of regional conflicts in countries gress, the President has decided to address cies to do their share in the effort to balance such as Armenia. the budget as the President’s budget plan The language regarding restrictions on the this matter on three fronts: makes clear. However, we, the Administra- termination of sanctions against Serbia and First, he strongly supports provisions al- tion, should have the flexibility to apply Montenegro also reflects objectionable ready contained in the House and Senate funds to the programs that provide the best House language carried over in the Senate versions of the Foreign Aid Authorization results. Earmarks in our programs for the bill. The recent combination of NATO’s re- bill that would permit us to resume eco- New Independent States, International Coun- solve and energetic United States leadership nomic assistance and limited military assist- ternarcotics, and economic assistance would on the diplomatic front has led to some en- ance affecting clear U.S. interests (including prevent us from being able to respond to the couraging opportunities for a negotiated set- assistance in peacekeeping, crisis and unexpected requirements of the tlement to the conflict. To prematurely counterterrorism and counternarcotics as post-Cold War world. Further, the propor- close off any avenues that may lead to a dip- well as IMET). tionality requirement in the new Economic lomatic settlement, including adjustments Second, the President has decided to seek Assistance account restricts our ability to to the sanctions regime against Serbia, authority, as provided by an amendment to change the distribution of these funds from would complicate our efforts. be proposed by Senator Brown, that would year to year. We oppose these restrictions. We appreciate the bipartisan interest we release approximately $370 million worth of The bill also contains a number of objec- have seen in improving our relationship with embargoed military equipment purchased by tionable policy provisions. Restrictions on Pakistan. We would support an amendment Pakistan before the imposition of Pressler our ability to contribute to the Korean En- that would permit aid to Pakistan that is in sanctions. This authority would specifically ergy Development Organization (KEDO) our own interest, such as trade promotion, exclude the release of the F–16s. Among the items that would be released are three P–3C

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Orion maritime patrol aircraft, Harpoon missiles at night; however, these 19 heli- Stored anti-ship missiles, counter-mortar radars, copters, so equipped, would hardly offset In- Item Stored value Funding howitzers, and support kits for F–16s and dia’s 2 to 1 advantage (by over 2000 tanks) quantity (mil- source lions) Cobra helicopters already in the Pakistani over Pakistan. inventory. These items will not disturb the The Pakistani F–16s are already equipped Navy subtotal ...... 191 .8 conventional arms balance in South Asia with the AN/ALR–69 radar warning receiver which overwhelmingly favors India. and AN/ALQ–131 electronic counter measures Air Force: Peace Gate II support equip- Finally, the President has decided that, jamming equipment. These are defensive ment, 220E engine kits ...... 30,968 28.5 FMF/Cash. rather than releasing the 28 F–16s to Paki- rather than offensive systems. The ALR–69 Depot engine spares program .... 4,746 8 .0 FMF. stan, he will seek to sell them to a third alerts the pilot that a radar has ‘‘painted’’ ILC kits: Spares for ILC, ALQ– 131, F–100, ALR–69, support 2,035 7.9 FMF/Cash. country and deposit the proceeds of any sale his aircraft; the ALQ–131 electronically de- Peace Gate III support package: in the Pakistan Trust Fund to reimburse, as flects the hostile missile. The ALR–69 and Peculiar support equipment 37 .9 FMF. much as the sale permits, Pakistan’s invest- ALQ–131 kits that would be released would Engine spares ...... 511 9.1 FMF. Spares ...... 154 1.6 FMF. ment in these aircraft. enhance the reliability of these systems Standard support equip- While we recognize that this is not a per- rather than provide any new military capa- ment ...... 67 .4 FMF. fect solution, it is, we believe, the course bility. Peace Gate IV support package: Engine components ...... 14 .1 Cash. which will best help us resolve a difficult Since Pakistan has previously received Developmental support problem with a country which has long been over 200 AIM–9L air-to-air missiles, the re- equipment ...... 144 8.0 Cash. a friend. This is an effort to resolve issues in- lease of 360 more will not provide any new Standard support equip- ment ...... 386 1.2 Cash. volving ‘‘fairness’’ that have become a major capability. Furthermore, India will still Non-standard support irritant in our relationship with Pakistan— enjoy an almost 2 to 1 advantage in jet com- equipment ...... 9 .5 Cash. it is in no way an effort to resume a military bat aircraft over Pakistan to include a bet- Standard spares ...... 204 1.3 Cash. Test equipment ...... NA .1 Cash. supply relationship. Meanwhile, our ability ter than 2 to 1 advantage in aircraft equiva- ALQ–131 pods and spares 20 21.7 Cash. to work with Pakistan to achieve non- lent to the Pakistani F–16s (i.e., MiG–29 and Class A explosives ...... 245,046 1 .5 Cash. proliferation goals is eroding. The status Mirage 2000). Other Air Force items ...... NA 8.2 FMF/Cash. quo, unfortunately, offers few incentives for The 24 howitzers that would be released to Air Force subtotal ...... 98.8 future cooperation or restraint by Paki- Pakistan are M198 155 mm towed howitzers. stan—or by India, whose nuclear and missile Given the fact that the Indian Army has over Grand total ...... 368 programs are also of concern. If we succeed 3000 towed artillery pieces (almost twice the in putting this issue behind us, we will be in number in the Pakistani inventory), 24 more INITIATIVE TO STRENGTHEN RELATIONS WITH a better position to engage Pakistan in a will not make a significant difference. It PAKISTAN constructive way on issues of concern to us, should be noted that during the nearly five After extensive review and consultations particularly nonproliferation. years that these howitzers were embargoed, with Congress, President Clinton has decided The second aspect of this three-part ef- India acquired over 250 equivalent artillery to support legislation to permit a stronger fort—embodied in Senator Brown’s pending pieces from Czechoslovakia and Russia/ and more flexible relationship with Paki- amendment to provide authority to release USSR. stan, while maintaining the nonproliferation the embargoed Pakistan equipment other In regard to MK–46 torpedoes, Pakistan goals of the Pressler Amendment. than the F–16s—may be coming to a vote will receive parts that constitute less than The President’s decision builds on provi- very shortly. I urge you to support our ef- one operational MK–46. sions already in the House and Senate forts to resolve this problem by supporting As for the 2.75″ rockets, these constitute a versions of the Foreign Aid Authorization Senator Brown’s amendment when it is of- resupply of ammunition for one of the weap- bills, which would permit the United States fered. ons systems on the Pakistani Cobra heli- to resume economic assistance and limited Sincerely, copters—they do not give Pakistan any new forms of military assistance (including WILLIAM J. PERRY. capability. IMET, counternarcotics, counterterrorism and peacekeeping assistance) to Pakistan. PUTTING THE RELEASE OF EMBARGOED BROWN AMENDMENT TEXT The President has decided to seek author- PAKISTANI EQUIPMENT INTO PERSPECTIVE Add the following subparagraph to section ity, as provided for in legislation proposed by The total package has a value of $368 mil- 620E of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Senator Brown, to release to Pakistan ap- lion—not $700 million as has been reported. ( ) Applicability.—(a) The restrictions of proximately $370 million in military equip- Although the P–3C Orion provides a long- section 620E(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act ment, exclusive of F–16s, contracted for by range offensive capability, three aircraft of 1961 shall continue to apply to contracts Pakistan prior to the imposition of Pressler would hardly disturb India’s nearly 2 to 1 ad- for the delivery of F–16 aircraft to Pakistan. sanctions in October, 1990. vantage over Pakistan in naval systems: (b) Notwithstanding the restrictions con- This equipment includes air-to-air and It is claimed that the P–3s provide a ‘‘le- tained in section 620E(e), military equip- anti-ship missiles, radars, howitzers, three thal stand off capability’’ against Indian ment, technology or defense services, other P–3C Orion Aircraft, and support kits for the naval targets as far south as Cochin; how- than F–16 aircraft, may be transferred to F–16s already in Pakistan’s inventory. This ever, it should be noted that because the Pakistan pursuant to contracts of cases en- non-strategic equipment does not have the Pakistan Navy has no aircraft carriers (of tered into before October 1, 1990. symbolism that the F–16s have come to ac- which the Indian Navy has two), the Paki- IMPACT OF THE BROWN AMENDMENT quire in the region. Release of this equip- stanis would be unable to provide fighters to The proposed legislation would authorize ment would be a one-time exemption to the escort these slow aircraft when operating at the release of approximately $368 million Pressler Amendment. We do not seek repeal such a great distance from Karachi—thus worth of military equipment purchased by of the Amendment or a resumed military leaving them vulnerable to interception by Pakistan before the imposition of Pressler supply relationship with Pakistan. either land-based Indian Air Force fighters sanctions (1 October 1995) but not delivered The President also decided not to seek re- or carrier based Indian Navy aircraft. lease of the 28 F–16s in the pipeline. Instead, It is incorrect to say that the P–3C rep- to Pakistan due to Pressler sanctions. Spe- cifically prohibited from release to Pakistan he will seek to sell the aircraft and return resent a new weapons system for the region the proceeds of any sale to Pakistan, to re- as the Indian Navy already has two squad- under this legislation are the 28 Pakistani F–16s. Items to be released include: imburse as much as possible of the $684 mil- rons of similar maritime patrol aircraft that lion that Pakistan has expended on these include five Il–38 (the Russian version of the Stored aircraft. P–3) and eight Tu–142 Bear F aircraft. While Item Stored value Funding Putting these issues behind us will permit these aircraft do not have a system equiva- quantity (mil- source lions) a more normal and productive relationship lent to the Harpoon, they do have equipment between Washington and Islamabad, without to locate submarines and are capable of Army: which real progress on nonproliferation and launching torpedoes. C–NITE modification kits ...... 18 $24 .1 FMF. other issues of importance to the United The Indian Navy also possesses an anti- M198 Howitzers ...... 24 18.7 FMF/Cash. TPQ–36 radars ...... 4 10.5 FMF. States will remain difficult. ship missile, the Sea Eagle, which is similar M-Series rebuild parts ...... NA 6.8 FMF. Finally, in making his decision, the Presi- to the Harpoon. Although not capable of TOW launchers ...... 135 6.1 FMF. dent stressed the importance of there being being launched from the maritime patrol air- 2.75 inch rockets ...... 16,720 9.4 FMF. Miscellaneous Army items ...... NA 1.7 FMF/Cash. no substantial change in the status quo in craft mentioned above, the Indian Sea Eagles Pakistan with regard to nonproliferation can be carried on the Sea Harrier jets and Army subtotal ...... 77 .4 issues of concern to the United States. In the Sea King helicopters which operate from particular, we expect that Pakistan will ex- India’s two aircraft carriers—thus giving the Navy: P–3C aircraft ...... 3 138 .1 FMF. ercise restraint in the nuclear and missile Indian Navy a more formidable long-range Harpoon missiles ...... 28 30.8 FMF/Cash. areas. strike capability than that provided by three AIM–9L missile components ...... 360 19.7 FMF/Cash. P–3s. MK–46/Mod 2 torpedo compo- Mr. HARKIN. On July 28, to the Na- nents ...... NA .1 Cash. C–NITE would enable Pak Cobra heli- Miscellaneous Navy items ...... NA 2.1 FMF/Cash. tional Press Club, Secretary of State copters to launch TOW 2 anti-tank guided Christopher responds to a question.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 This gets to the heart of the arguments I want to review for my colleagues needs to consolidate the prodemocracy made by the Senator from Ohio and the some of the proposals that Pakistan forces in Pakistan, then we have to put Senator from Michigan about the so- has put forward, going back over 20 this behind us. called evidence that justifies the impo- years. First of all, Pakistan proposed This will do more to help promote a sitions of sanctions. to establish a nuclear-weapons-free regional solution to these problems Here was the question: zone in south Asia in 1974. than anything else we can do. Will the Clinton administration order addi- In 1978, they proposed to issue a joint It is simply a question of fairness and tional sanctions against China for supplying Indo-Pakistan declaration renouncing equity. I hope that the vote will be missile technology to Pakistan and Iran? the acquisition and manufacturing of SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER. As I mentioned overwhelming, overwhelming in favor in my remarks, we are concerned about pro- nuclear weapons. of the Brown amendment. Let Pakistan liferation issues, and we are certainly con- In 1979, they proposed to have mutual know we will not turn our backs on cerned about it as they relate to South Asia. inspections by India and Pakistan of Pakistan after all of these years of We monitor it very carefully and very close- nuclear facilities. friendship and support that Pakistan ly. Also in 1979, they proposed simulta- has given to us. At the present time, although there is a neous adherence to the Non-Prolifera- I yield back whatever time is remain- fairly large body of evidence, we do not tion Treaty by India and Pakistan. think there is the evidence there that would ing. I thank the Senator from Colorado justify the imposition of sanctions. Again in 1979, they proposed to en- for his leadership on this. dorse a simultaneous acceptance of I ask unanimous consent that that be Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I yield 2 full-scope international atomic energy printed in the RECORD, also. minutes to the distinguished Senator safeguards and to have the IAEA do in- There being no objection, the mate- from Illinois, Senator SIMON. rial was ordered to be printed in the spections. They proposed, also in 1987, an agree- Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I will vote RECORD, as follows: ment on a bilateral or regional nuclear against the Brown amendment, though ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN I agree with much of what my col- CHRISTOPHER ON U.S. NATIONAL INTEREST IN test ban treaty. In 1991, Pakistan proposed to com- league from Iowa has to say. I will vote THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION, NATIONAL PRESS against any weapons in any amend- CLUB, WASHINGTON, DC, JULY 28, 1995 mence a multilateral conference on the ment that go to Pakistan or India or QUESTION. Will the Clinton Administration question of nuclear proliferation in order additional sanctions against China for south Asia. China until we get this nuclear thing supplying missile technology to Pakistan A couple years ago, they proposed to worked out. and Iran? create a missile-free zone in all of Many of the things that Senator Secretary CHRISTOPHER. As I mentioned in south Asia. HARKIN says are correct; for example, my remarks, we are concerned about pro- Pakistan has proposed all this. What Pakistan and India, Pakistan sug- liferation issues, and we are certainly con- gesting that they have mutual inspec- cerned about it as they relate to South Asia. is the stumbling block? India will not We monitor it very carefully and very close- accept any of these. They are the ones tion of nuclear facilities and so forth. ly. that have said ‘‘no’’ to all of these pro- The difficulty is India also fears China. At the present time, although there is a posals. Yet, we are the ones that are There has to be a tripartite agreement. fairly large body of evidence, we do not sticking it to Pakistan. I do not under- I think that necessarily means United think there is the evidence there that would stand this at all. It seems to me that States leadership working together justify the imposition of sanctions. But I with Russia to bring that about. want to assure all that we feel an obligation this is the kind of regime that we want to keep this matter carefully under review in south Asia. We ought to be behind There is no question Pakistan has and to follow and comply with the law in these proposals, and we ought to be some legitimate grievances. We ought this regard. using our influence with India and to get those worked out. I think the Mr. HARKIN. Again, I want to point other countries in that area to agree Feinstein amendment that is going to out that under the missile technology with Pakistan, to sit down and nego- be coming along shortly will help to Control Regime, which has been talked tiate these proposals, which were made move in that direction. about by the Senator from Michigan in good faith by Pakistan. We want to maintain friendship with and the Senator from Ohio, even under Last, Mr. President, two quotes, first Pakistan. Pakistan has moved from a that, even if MTCR sanctions were im- by President Clinton, April 11, 1995: dictatorship to a functioning democ- posed tomorrow, all of the items in the I don’t think what happened was fair to racy. Like all functioning democracies, Brown amendment could still go to Pakistan in terms of the money . . . I don’t it has problems. We ought to be work- Pakistan, because MTCR violations think it is right for us to keep the money ing with Pakistan more closely. only prohibited new licenses to Paki- and the equipment. That is not right. And I However, I do not think we ought to stan and China. These items were al- am going to try to find a resolution to it. I be sending weapons to any one of the don’t like this. ready licensed in the 1980’s. three parties, who now have the great- Again, Mr. President, there is a lot of President Clinton, April 11, 1995. est nuclear threat, I think, anywhere talk about Pakistan not admitting cer- That is exactly what the Brown amend- in the world. ment does. tain things. I think the Senator from I think it would be a mistake to ap- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time Colorado answered that quite ade- prove the Brown amendment. of the Senator has expired. quately. Mr. GLENN. How much time is re- Again I would just ask a question: Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield to maining? Has India ever admitted that they have the Senator from Iowa 2 additional a nuclear weapon? We know that they minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The detonated one in 1974. Has India ever Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, the Chair will advise the Senator from admitted that they have a nuclear President is supporting the Brown Ohio that his side has 15 minutes. weapon? If not, are they lying to us, amendment because it reflects exactly Mr. GLENN. I yield 3 minutes to Sen- also? what President Clinton said April 11. ator LEVIN. I think that is enough of that. Mr. On the same date, Prime Minister Mr. LEVIN. I thank the Chair and my President, I want to close my remarks Bhutto said: friend from Ohio. by pointing out that Pakistan has al- The Pressler amendment has been a dis- Mr. President, the Brown amendment ways gone the extra mile to try to get incentive for a regional solution to the pro- moves us in the opposite direction of a reasonable solution and compromise liferation issue. trying to restrain missile proliferation. in that part of the world with India. April 11, 1995, Prime Minister Bhutto. We have a law on our books and it says Let us keep in mind what we are talk- Mr. President, it is time to put this that where there is a determination ing about here. We have India, a large behind us. It is time for fairness and that a transfer of a missile with a cer- nation with 981 million people, con- equity. It is time to recognize that if tain range and payload has been made fronting Pakistan, a small country we want to support the democratic that we will then impose sanctions. with only about 125 million people. We forces in Pakistan, if we want to give There is a large body of evidence. It have to kind of keep that in context. Prime Minister Bhutto the support she is up on the fourth floor. We have had three briefings. The briefers left the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14001 material for us to look at. It is right place that send a clear message that They offer for Pakistan ‘‘exactly as Dr. there, a couple floors above us, for any Pakistan is paying a price for having Tanham pointed out, an equalizing hand in of us to look at, to see whether or not developed weapons. trying to somehow correct the subconti- each of us are satisfied that, in fact, a Mr. President, the aspect of this that nental mismatch of conventional weaponry capability and geographical reality.’’ missile of a certain range and payload needs Members’ attention is this: We in excess of the missile technology con- have sanctions that will sanction Paki- So, again, I have gone over this list. trol regime has been transferred from stan for developing nuclear weapons, I do not know if anyone has ever put it China to Pakistan. Under American but we do not have sanctions that will in the RECORD. But of the military law, if that occurs, sanctions are sup- sanction India for developing nuclear equipment, adding to about $368 mil- posed to be imposed. weapons. They are two nations, side by lion, the biggest items are three P-C3 Now, what the Brown amendment side. aircraft, four-engine turboprop air- does is take us in the opposite direc- The fact is, Pakistan’s program lit- craft. They are very slow aircraft. tion. It would have us amend Pressler, erally came about in part because India They do not have the capability in any to then allow for the transfer of signifi- was Pakistan’s adversary and India de- way to threaten India, and I would be cant military equipment to Pakistan. veloped nuclear weapons. We cannot ig- glad to get into a discussion with any- Instead of looking at this evidence nore that when you think about trying one if they would like to discuss that. and deciding whether or not it proves to solve this problem. I want to make sure this is in the incontrovertible that there has been a There has been a lot of concern RECORD. I ask unanimous consent a list transfer of missiles in excess of the raised about missiles. That is a valid of the items be printed in the RECORD range and payload that is provided for concern. I think we need to do more in and also a description of these items be in the missile technology control re- that area. printed in the RECORD at this point. There being no objection, the mate- gime which we have incorporated in Mr. President, you cannot talk about rial was ordered to be printed in the our law, the amendment before the it in a vacuum. The fact is, Pakistan RECORD, as follows: Senate would say that still could developed their program after India de- apply, but we will move in exactly the veloped weapons, and there are strong PUTTING THE RELEASE OF EMBARGOED PAKISTANI EQUIPMENT INTO PERSPECTIVE opposite direction. indications that the potential of Paki- This amendment makes a mockery— stan’s missiles, if they have them and The total package has a value of $368 mil- if they uncrate them, is somewhat lion—not $700 million as has been reported. if it passes this Senate—will make a Although the P–3C Orion provides a long- mockery of our efforts to restrain the similar to what the potential of the In- range offensive capability, three aircraft proliferation of missiles. That is the dian missiles are. If anything, India would hardly disturb India’s nearly 2 to 1 ad- issue before the Senate. It is American has stronger missiles. vantage over Pakistan in naval systems: law. American law says if there is a You cannot talk about this in a vacu- It is claimed that the P–3s provide a ‘‘le- transfer of a missile or missiles that um. If you do talk about it in a vacuum thal stand off capability’’ against Indian meet certain tests, sanctions will be and you think about it in a vacuum, naval targets as far south as Cochin; how- you are doomed to failure. We want a ever, it should be noted that because the imposed. Pakistan Navy has no aircraft carriers (of I do not think we can in good con- nonproliferation program that works, that is effective. which the Indian Navy has two), the Paki- science say that we are fighting the stanis would be unable to provide fighters to proliferation of missiles if we ignore The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 2 escort these slow aircraft when operating at that evidence two floors above us, if we minutes of the Senator has expired. such a great distance from Karachi—thus do not take the time to at least look at Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield 3 leaving them vulnerable to interception by that evidence two floors above us, and minutes to the Senator from Iowa. either land-based Indian Air Force fighters The PRESIDING OFFICER. The instead of acting on it, whatever our or carrier based Indian Navy aircraft. Chair recognizes the Senator from It is incorrect to say that the P–3C rep- conclusions are, under American law, Iowa. resent a new weapons system for the region we move in exactly the opposite direc- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I want as the Indian navy already has two squad- tion, amend Pressler, allow for the to respond, perhaps, to my colleague rons of similar maritime patrol aircraft that transfer of military equipment which from Illinois who talked about the include five II–38 (the Russian version of the otherwise could not be transferred. P–3) and eight Tu–142 Bear F aircraft. While weapons going to Pakistan. I have these aircraft do not have a system equiva- That is the issue before this Senate. looked over the list of the items that I hope we will adopt the Feinstein lent to the Harpoon, they do have equipment are going. I thought I might, just for amendment, which will provide that to locate submarines and are capable of the RECORD, point out what some peo- launching torpedoes. any appropriate funds that are owed to ple have said about these items. All of The Indian Navy also possesses an anti- Pakistan that they have given to us, the experts agree, it will not in any ship missile, the Sea Eagle, which is similar whatever is equitable, be returned to way upset the regional balance. to the Harpoon. Although not capable of Pakistan, without trashing the missile Steve Cohen is the director of pro- being launched from the maritime patrol air- technology control regime. craft mentioned above, the Indian Sea Eagles gram in arms control, disarmament can be carried on the Sea Harrier jets and the I thank the Chair. and international security at the Uni- Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield Sea King helicopters which operate from In- versity of Illinois. He said, myself 2 minutes. dia’s two aircraft carriers—thus giving the Mr. President, I want to deal with an In terms of the regional military balance, Indian Navy a more formidable long-range I don’t think that the release of this mili- strike capability than that provided by three aspect of this that I think is a funda- tary equipment . . . will have . . . significant P–3s. mental problem because we have not impact on the balance one way or the other. C–NITE would enable Pak Cobra heli- addressed it, and maybe we have not George Tanham, who was a vice copters to launch TOW 2 anti-tank guided addressed it for a good reason. president of the Rand Corp., says, ‘‘I missiles at night; however, these 19 heli- copters, so equipped, would hardly offset In- This amendment is about fairness agree.’’ He said: and about the inequity of keeping both dia’s 2 to 1 advantage (by over 2000 tanks) In fact, there is no balance now. India their money and their arms. I think over Pakistan. dominates so strongly. They have twice as The Pakistani F–16s are already equipped Americans will respond strongly to large an army as Pakistan, twice as large an with an AN/ALR–69 radar warning receiver that. They understand it, and would be Air Force, twice as large a Navy, twice as and AN/ALQ–131 electronic counter measures outraged at any retailer who did the many tanks, twice as many airplanes. * * * jamming equipment. These are defensive same thing or anyone who signed con- India has overwhelming strength. rather than offensive systems. The ALR–69 tracts to sell as well. So this small amount of equipment alerts the pilot that a radar has ‘‘painted’’ Other Members have brought up sig- will not upset any balance. All of the his aircraft; the ALQ–131 electronically de- nificant issues and concerns about experts basically agree that this flects the hostile missile. The ALR–69 and arms in Southeast Asia. That is appro- amount of items that we are sending ALQ–131 kits that would be released would enhance the reliability of these systems priate, and they should, and it ought to over there would not in any way upset rather than provide any new military capa- be a concern. It is why I made sure that regional balance. bility. with the adoption of this amendment James Clad, professor at Georgetown Since Pakistan has previously received that very strong sanctions stay in University said: over 200 AIM–9L air-to-missiles, the release

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 of 360 more will not provide any new capa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time tion of nuclear weapons.’’ That is not bility. Furthermore, India will still enjoy an of the Senator has expired. true. That was a statement made by almost 2 to 1 advantage in jet combat air- Who yields time? The Chair recog- the Pakistani Foreign Minister in 1994. craft over Pakistan to include a better than 2 to 1 advantage in aircraft equivalent to the nizes the Senator from Ohio. It is simply not true. Pakistani F–16s (i.e., MiG–29 and Mirage Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I yield 5 ‘‘I want to say categorically and fi- 2000). minutes to the distinguished Senator nally that Pakistan has not made nu- The 24 howitzers that would be released to from California. I would like to make clear weapons. Pakistan does not in- Pakistan are M198 155 mm towed howitzers. one remark. For those who were not at tend to make nuclear weapons.’’ The Given the fact that the Indian Army has over the briefing yesterday—most of the Pakistani Foreign Minister, 1994. That 3000 towed artillery pieces (almost twice the Senate, by far; we had just a few up in number in the Pakistani inventory), 24 more statement is categorically untrue. will not make a significant difference. It S–407—I urge people to go up and look ‘‘We have made a sovereign decision would be noted that during the nearly five at the chart, look at the information not to produce nuclear weapons.’’ years that these howitzers were embargoed, we retained. It is available in S–407 Again, a foreign ministry spokesman— India acquired over 250 equivalent artillery right now. You could look at it before untrue. pieces from Czechoslovakia and Russia/ you come to the floor to vote. I yield to ‘‘We have not detonated one, nor USSR. the Senator from California. In regard to MK–47 torpedoes, Pakistan have we got nuclear weapons. Being a will receive part that constitute less that Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I responsible state and state committed one operational MK–46. want to tell you how I look at this. If to nonproliferation, we in Pakistan, As for the 2.75′′ rockets, these constitute a one were to take the top trouble spots through five successive governments, resupply of ammunition for one of the weap- of the world and say which are most have taken a policy decision to follow ons systems on the Pakistani Cobra heli- likely to have a nuclear confrontation, a peaceful nuclear program.’’ copters—they do not give Pakistan any new I would have to name India and Paki- capability. I do not believe, based on three clas- stan as one of the top two. sified briefings, that these statements So what are we doing? We are adding are true and correct. Therefore, I be- MILITARY EQUIPMENT (LESS F–16 AIRCRAFT) PURCHASED to the arsenal of one of those two coun- lieve it is a mistake in judgment to add BY PAKISTAN BUT NOT DELIVERED DUE TO PRESSLER tries at a very sensitive time, at a time to the proliferation in the area by put- SANCTIONS which is a few months before a general ting sophisticated weaponry in the election in India, when flames of ha- Stored hands of one of these countries at a Stored value Funding tred between the two countries are now time where there is a very sensitive Item quantity (mil- source being fanned by politicians on both lions) and very difficult situation between sides of the India-Pakistani border. We the two countries. Army: are taking this time and we are send- C–NITE modification kits ...... 18 $24 .1 FMF. I yield my time. M198 Howitzers ...... 24 18.7 FMF/Cash. ing several hundred million dollars Mr. HARKIN. May I ask the Senator TPQ–36 radars ...... 4 10.5 FMF. worth of equipment. M-Series rebuild parts ...... NA 6.8 FMF. to yield? The P–3C aircraft capable of sophisti- TOW launchers ...... 135 6.1 FMF. Mr. BROWN. I yield to the Senator 2.75 inch rockets ...... 16,720 9.4 FMF. cated surveillance; the 28 Harpoon mis- Miscellaneous Army items ...... NA 1.7 FMF/Cash. from Iowa 2 additional minutes. siles capable of air-to-surface or sur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Army subtotal ...... 77 .4 face-to-surface launch; 360 AIM–9L sur- Chair recognizes the Senator from face-to-air missiles; 135 TOW–2 missile Navy: Iowa. P–3C aircraft ...... 3 139 .1 FMF. launchers; spare parts for F–16’s, and Harpoon missiles ...... 28 30.8 FMF/Cash. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, surely AIM–9L missile components ...... 360 19.7 FMF/Cash. other sophisticated equipment, and we MK–46/Mod 2 torpedo compo- are launching that into the middle of the Senator from California does not nents ...... NA .1 Cash. want to imply in any way that the arti- Miscellaneous Navy items ...... NA 2.1 FMF/Cash. this situation. I heard the same experts testify. cles on this list add one iota to any nu- Navy subtotal ...... 191 .8 None of them could answer the ques- clear capability of Pakistan? That is Air Force: tion, ‘‘What does India do, then?’’ That simply—that belies common sense. You Peace Gate II support equip- can look at the list. There is nothing ment, 220E engine kits ...... 30,968 28.5 FMF/Cash. seems to me to be the central question. Depot engine spares program .... 4,746 8 .0 FMF. I will tell you what I think India on there that has anything to do with ILC kits: Spares for ILC, ALQ– nuclear proliferation or nuclear weap- 131, F–100, ALR–69, support 2,035 7.9 FMF/Cash. does. I think India deploys the Prithvi Peace Gate III support package: missile. That certainly changes the onry. Talk about a P–3C aircraft as Peculiar support equipment 37 .9 FMF. being some kind of offensive aircraft? I Engine spares ...... 511 9.1 FMF. balance in the area, if it happens. And Spares ...... 154 1.6 FMF. that is a very likely result of what we happen to have flown in P–3 aircraft. It Standard support equip- is a four-engine turbo-prop, basically ment ...... 67 .4 FMF. are doing here today. Peace Gate IV support package: Is Pakistan a friend? Yes. Has Paki- built as an antisubmarine reconnais- Engine components ...... 14 .1 Cash. sance aircraft. The fact is that India Developmental support stan been helpful in a number of dif- equipment ...... 144 8.0 Cash. ferent pursuits? Yes. already has two squadrons of similar Standard support equip- type of patrol aircraft. I also point out ment ...... 386 1.2 Cash. I say there is a way we can say thank Non-standard support you in an amendment which some of us that India has two aircraft carriers equipment ...... 9 .5 Cash. Standard spares ...... 204 1.3 Cash. will offer following this amendment, which Pakistan does not have. Test equipment ...... NA .1 Cash. that will take what I consider to be the They talk about the P–3 aircraft ALQ–131 pods and spares 20 21.7 Cash. Class A explosives ...... 245,046 1 .5 Cash. good parts of the Brown amendment, being able to penetrate and go as far Other Air Force items ...... NA 8.2 FMF/Cash. the economic help, the military net- south as Cochin in India. The fact is Air Force subtotal ...... 98.8 working, the antiterrorism help, the that it would have to do so without any antinarcotic help, and also carry with fighter escorts whatsoever. This is a Grand total ...... 368 it a sense of the Senate that will say, very slow airplane. India could shoot that thing down in a minute. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I would the honorable thing and the fair thing just point out that, given the over- for us to do is sell the F–16’s, repay the So the arguments made by the Sen- whelming superiority of India in this money to Pakistan, and provide what- ator from California I find are just off case, the small amount of items we are ever equity requires. That is the right the mark because this in no way dis- sending over in no way upsets the re- thing to do. That is something that is rupts any balance or in any way adds gional balance whatsoever. Keep in not going to change the balance of to any kind of nuclear capability what- mind again: India, at 981 million peo- power. soever. ple; Pakistan, 125 million people. The So, I believe very strongly that the I yield back any time I may have. imbalance is already there on India’s Brown amendment is a mistake. I have Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I yield to side. had three security briefings. Those the Senator from Massachusetts 2 min- It is interesting to note in all this de- briefings run directly counter to state- utes. bate, we talk about MTCR sanctions on ments made by Pakistan. Let me tell Before of I yield, I yield myself such Pakistan but no one is trying to put you what they run directly counter to. time as I may require. the sanctions on China. I make that ‘‘We are a very responsible country I would just add that a good part of note for the record. and we do not believe in the prolifera- this package is F–16 parts to keep the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14003 ment they want to take delivery of—it The proposed transfer of military F–16’s flying. They are a nuclear deliv- is about the credibility of our entire hardware not only contradicts the ery system. That is the part of this nuclear non-proliferation policy. Pressler ban, it also fails to meet the that is very critical. The proposal before us rewards a standards of the licensing policy for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The country that repeatedly lied to us commercial military sales to Pakistan. Chair recognizes the Senator from Mas- about its nuclear ambitions. It tells I might add that many in Congress sachusetts. other would-be nuclear states that strenuously objected to the Bush ad- Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank there is no price to be paid for seeking ministration’s decision to license com- the Senator from Ohio. the most destabilizing weapon a coun- mercial sales in the first place. Under Mr. President, I believe the amend- try can acquire. that policy, any equipment which ment of the Senator from Colorado is a Mr. President, I want to make clear could upgrade Pakistan’s military ca- great mistake. The question is really a my view that Pakistan was a valuable pability is to be denied a license. By very simple question. Why would you ally in resisting the Soviet occupation the administration’s own admission, relax sanctions that were put in place of neighboring Afghanistan. In the many of the items they want to trans- because of one proliferation problem at course of our common fight against So- fer now would be denied a license ac- the exact moment when Pakistan is in- viet expansionism, we forged a stra- cording to this standard. volved in another proliferation issue? tegic relationship that served both of There you have it. The administra- Every one of us understands the reality our countries. tion is willing to eviscerate the Press- from briefings and otherwise about the But, Mr. President, the Soviet threat ler amendment, and it is willing to M–11 controversy. In 1989, Pakistan was not the sole concern in our deal- waive its already lax standards while knew exactly what the sanctions would ings with Pakistan in the 1980s. getting nothing in return. be and exactly what the results would Throughout this period, this body re- If we are asked to undo a decade-old be with respect to a continued nuclear peatedly expressed its concerns regard- pillar of our non-proliferation policy, development program, and they knew ing Pakistan’s nuclear program. It is then the least we can ask for are some in 1995 what the consequences would be instructive to examine the record, be- restraints on Pakistan’s nuclear pro- of pursuing ballistic missiles. They cause what many people forget is that gram. have done both. We know they have at the time we were given ironclad as- I expect that some will say that done both. surances that Pakistan was not pur- Pakistan already paid for this equip- So, if we send a message that we are suing nuclear capability. ment—it is rightfully theirs, and we willing to undo the sanctions on the In fact, the Reagan administration ought to send the goods or return the first proliferation issue, we are making told us that if we did not amply supply money. Setting aside the argument it very clear that the second prolifera- Pakistan with military hardware, then that Pakistan knew a situation like tion issue does not matter at all, I we would be encouraging it to pursue this would result if it failed to be cer- think. It is really that simple. And the nuclear option. Thus, high levels of tified, I would favor finding a way to when you couple that with what the assistance to Pakistan became an inte- compensate Pakistan in some manner. Senator from Ohio just said with re- I would propose that the administra- gral part of our nuclear nonprolifera- spect to the nuclear delivery capacity tion sell this equipment to third par- tion policy. and the type of weapons being sent, it ties, and send the proceeds from such Well, Mr. President, we supplied is a mistake. sales to Pakistan, just as it plans to do Pakistan with over $4 billion in mili- The Senator from California is abso- in the case of the F–16s. lutely correct. There is a matter of eq- tary and economic aid during the Mr. President, invoking the Pressler uity here. It is unfair for the United eighties, and I must say that I have yet amendment achieved what billions of States to hold onto money which they to see any evidence that massive Amer- aid dollars could not—a halt to fissile delivered for products. So, obviously, ican aid in any way deterred Paki- material production by Pakistan. Con- we ought to rectify that as a matter of stan’s nuclear program. gress is not always right, but in this fairness and as a matter of proper judg- One could argue that our assistance case we were. ment and proper relationships, and we had the opposite effect. It freed up re- Now is not the time to discard a pol- need to cooperate with Pakistan. There sources which would otherwise have icy that has worked. Press reports indi- is much we have in common and that been used for conventional defenses. cate that Pakistan has clandestinely we want to work on. But it would be an And in fact, if you piece together the acquired M–11 missiles from China, enormous mistake. We do not have a evidence, you will find that Pakistan’s that it is quietly cooperating with relationship with India with respect to greatest nuclear strides correspond Iran’s nuclear ambitions, and that it the selling of weapons. And we have al- with the highest levels of American has openly engaged in military exer- ways had a certain tension over West- aid. This can only lead you to conclude cises with Iran. ern nuclear program proliferations. that we helped to underwrite the Paki- Mr. President, unless we reject the We must hold the line on the ques- stani bomb. Brown amendment, we will be putting tion of people who break the law when The proposal which is before us today our imprimatur on these very dan- we say that there will be a certain set at the request of the Clinton adminis- gerous developments. of sanctions if certain actions are tration strikes me as suffering from The late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the taken and, notwithstanding those the same flawed logic as those ad- present prime minister’s father, once warnings, those actions are taken. To vanced during the Reagan and Bush ad- declared that his countrymen would do anything less than that would make ministrations. In exchange for easing eat grass in order to acquire nuclear a mockery of nonproliferation efforts. the Pressler ban, we are getting abso- capability. And Mr. President, Paki- I thank the Senator from Ohio. lutely nothing to address our non-pro- stan, like neighboring India, has more Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise in liferation concerns: No rollback, no or less followed through on this prom- strong opposition to the amendment of freeze, not even a pause. The sup- ise. It has built a clandestine nuclear the senior Senator from Colorado. porters of this amendment want to lav- weapons program of unknown safety at I am deeply concerned about the sig- ish Pakistan with destabilizing conven- tremendous cost, while doing nothing nal that adoption of this amendment tional weapons while that country pro- to improve the plight of its tens of mil- would send to the rest of the world, ceeds full throttle with its nuclear pro- lions of citizens trapped in poverty. particularly to the numerous countries gram. Well, Mr. President, if Pakistan’s with nuclear ambitions. The effect of The Pressler amendment unambig- leaders choose to sacrifice the greater allowing the proposed transfer of so- uously states that no assistance can be welfare of their people to further de- phisticated military equipment and the supplied to Pakistan unless the Presi- velop a nuclear arsenal, then that is a resumption of economic aid would be dent certifies that Pakistan does not decision they will need to justify to to legitimize Pakistan’s nuclear pro- possess a nuclear explosive device. It is their citizens. We should not make gram. unambiguous. It does not allow for any their job any easier in this regard. Un- The issue here is much larger than fudging. And fudging is what the fortunately, that would be the effect of just Pakistan and the military equip- Brown amendment amounts to. resuming economic assistance.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 I fully understand the complex secu- MILITARY EQUIPMENT (LESS F–16 AIRCRAFT) PURCHASED late our nonproliferation laws. And to rity situation that exists among India, BY PAKISTAN BUT NOT DELIVERED DUE TO PRESSLER claim that fairness requires that we ig- Pakistan, and China. And I believe that SANCTIONS—Continued nore a violation of our laws time after we should be doing more to address the time after time and not telling us the Stored sources of instability among these Stored value Funding truth about what was going on, is to three countries if we are to success- Item quantity (mil- source just condone behavior that we do not fully deal with the nuclear menace in lions) want to see exist. So I will not support that part of the world. Non-standard support changing our laws just to accommo- But I do not think that the nuclear equipment ...... 9 .5 Cash. Standard spares ...... 204 1.3 Cash. date violations of our nonproliferation capability of Pakistan’s neighbors Test equipment ...... NA .1 Cash. laws. should be an excuse for not enforcing ALQ–131 pods and spares 20 21.7 Cash. Class A explosives ...... 245,046 1 .5 Cash. Mr. President, this is not a matter of our laws with respect to Pakistan. Other Air Force items ...... NA 8.2 FMF/Cash. fairness that we are talking about. It is The fact is there is no Pressler Air Force subtotal ...... 98.8 a matter of nonproliferation. Are we amendment for India, but there are going to have a nonproliferation policy laws that have been used to invoke Grand total ...... 368 for the United States of America and sanctions to blunt India’s nuclear mean it? Or are we not? And that is the weapons ambitions. I would also note Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, how question. that India, unlike Pakistan, did not re- much time remains? I want to give Pakistan’s money The PRESIDING OFFICER. There ceive billions of dollars in aid for the back even though most of it was paid expressed purpose of preventing the de- are 4 minutes on each side. Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I having in after the Pressler amendment was velopment of a nuclear weapon. passed, so they knew what they were The point is that we have to uphold offered the amendment, and I would like to close and retain the remainder doing. They are not dummies. They the laws that are on our books. Paki- knew exactly what they were doing. stan was well aware of the Pressler of my time. Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair. Now they want to say—they got caught amendment. It supported the amend- and want us to make them whole. I ment’s adoption. And it chose to ignore The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair recognizes the Senator from want to see them get their money the consequences of non-compliance back—if we can sell the airplanes to with the amendment. Ohio. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I yield somebody else. It is that simple. And it is up to us to To stand back and make a mockery demonstrate that on an issue of such myself such time as I may require. Mr. President, there appears to be no of our nonproliferation laws when we vital importance to our national secu- appreciation in the remarks on the have 178 other nations signed up under rity, we mean what we say. NPT and are trusting us to deal with Mr. President, we must not reward Senate floor by the supporters of the them fairly—that is the issue. Are we a the kind of behavior Pakistan has dem- Brown amendment of the history of nation that stands for nonproliferation onstrated. Others are watching this de- Pakistan’s violation of our laws. I do and backs up the laws we have to that bate closely, and how we act in this sit- not condone India’s nuclear weapons effect, or are we not? That is what this uation could well affect the decisions program, and I do not think there is vote is all about. of many other potential nuclear states. any Senator in the Senate who has Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I ask been more outspoken about that mat- I know Senator Pressler is on the unanimous consent to have printed in ter than I have. floor. I was in opposition to India’s pro- How much time do I have remaining? the RECORD a table identifying the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- military items to be transfered to gram. I led the fight in 1980 that ulti- ator has no time remaining. Pakistan pursuant to the amendment. mately resulted in the cutoff of nuclear There being no objection, the table materials to India because of her Mr. PRESSLER. I ask unanimous was ordered to be printed in the guarded nuclear program. So I cer- consent that I may proceed for 1 minute. RECORD, as follows: tainly do not come down on India’s side on this either. But India has not vio- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there MILITARY EQUIPMENT (LESS F–16 AIRCRAFT) PURCHASED lated United States nonproliferation objection? BY PAKISTAN BUT NOT DELIVERED DUE TO PRESSLER law. Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, does the SANCTIONS When we passed the Glenn–Syming- Senator ask for 1 additional minute on ton amendment in 1970, we did not have each side? Stored Pakistan in mind. The law applied to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Stored value Funding Item quantity (mil- source everyone; it was not aimed at a par- objection? lions) ticular country. But Pakistan violated Mr. BROWN. I object. Army: our law. As a result, the Carter admin- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- C–NITE modification kits ...... 18 $24 .1 FMF. istration—going clear back that far— tion is heard. M198 Howitzers ...... 24 18.7 FMF/Cash. TPQ–36 radars ...... 4 10.5 FMF. cut them off from military and eco- Mr. LEVIN addressed the Chair. M-Series rebuild parts ...... NA 6.8 FMF. nomic assistance. Then the Reagan ad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- TOW launchers ...... 135 6.1 FMF. 2.75 inch rockets ...... 16,720 9.4 FMF. ministration got a waiver from the law ator from Colorado has the remaining Miscellaneous Army items ...... NA 1.7 FMF/Cash. for a temporary period for Pakistan time. Army subtotal ...... 77 .4 only. We tilted in favor of Pakistan, for Mr. LEVIN. Will the Senator from Pakistan only, in order to send aid Colorado yield for a unanimous-con- Navy: sent request? P–3C aircraft ...... 3 139 .1 FMF. after the Afghan invasion occurred. Harpoon missiles ...... 28 30.8 FMF/Cash. Because relief from our nonprolifera- Mr. BROWN. I would be glad to yield. AIM–9L missile components ...... 360 19.7 FMF/Cash. tion law was given to Pakistan, the Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask MK–46/Mod 2 torpedo compo- nents ...... NA .1 Cash. Congress set up a new line in the sand. unanimous consent that there be 1 ad- Miscellaneous Navy items ...... NA 2.1 FMF/Cash. We said we really mean it now. And we ditional minute on each side so that Navy subtotal ...... 191 .8 mean it, Pakistan. We passed the Senator PRESSLER can speak for 1 addi- Pressler amendment, and it was Paki- tional minute. Air Force: Peace Gate II support equip- stan-specific. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ment, 220E engine kits ...... 30,968 28.5 FMF/Cash. So it is incorrect to say that we are objection? Without objection, it is so Depot engine spares program .... 4,746 8 .0 FMF. ILC kits: Spares for ILC, ALQ– not being evenhanded. It is not ordered. 131, F–100, ALR–69, support 2,035 7.9 FMF/Cash. unevenhanded to say that those who Who seeks recognition? Peace Gate III support package: Mr. PRESSLER addressed the Chair. Peculiar support equipment 37 .9 FMF. violate our laws should not then be Engine spares ...... 511 9.1 FMF. given the benefit of our shipments of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Spares ...... 154 1.6 FMF. Chair recognizes the Senator from Standard support equip- economic and military help. They ment ...... 67 .4 FMF. should be punished, those who do not South Dakota, Peace Gate IV support package: Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, I Engine components ...... 14 .1 Cash. abide by our laws. Those who abide by Developmental support our laws should not be punished. thank the Senator from Ohio for his re- equipment ...... 144 8.0 Cash. So I do not and will not defend the marks. His leadership on this issue has Standard support equip- ment ...... 386 1.2 Cash. Indian program, but they did not vio- been remarkable.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14005 Last night I traced the beginning of In 1959, we asked Pakistan to sign a lieve this issue is as simple as that. this amendment. It started out as a mutual defense treaty with the United Since the sale cannot be completed, I way to give Pakistan money and to States at a tough time, and they did. believe we have an obligation to come give Pakistan arms. And Pakistan sup- Later on, we asked that the Pakistanis to an agreement to reimburse the Gov- ported this amendment as the original allow us to build a base in Pakistan to ernment and the people of Pakistan. thing. It was Pakistan’s not telling the fly military aircraft out of it and spy The President has offered a thought- truth to then Vice President George on the Soviet Union, and they said yes. ful solution which is being offered by Bush and JOHN GLENN and others that In 1960, the Soviets shot down the distinguished Senator from Colo- led us into this problem. They bought Francis Gary Powers and threatened to rado. I support it and I encourage my the airplane under false pretenses. wipe the Pakistani base off the face of colleagues to support it. That is the whole problem that has led the Earth, and the Pakistanis still I know my time has expired. I thank to where we are today. I do not want to stood by us. the Chair. go back and punish anybody for any In 1970, Pakistan helped us open up The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time right and wrong. But, if we pass the China by staging the trip of Henry Kis- has expired. Brown amendment today, it will be singer, incurring the further wrath of Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I ask for opening the door to proliferation. We the Russians. the yeas and nays. are rewarding a proliferator. We are re- From 1971 to 1989, we asked the Paki- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas warding a country that has violated an stanis to join us in fighting the Soviet and nays have been requested. Is there agreement on nuclear nonproliferation. invasion of Afghanistan, and they did. a sufficient second? There appears to And it is an amazing thing, because if Mr. President, in 1984, we asked for a be a sufficient second. it happens, all bets are off on nuclear vote in the United Nations condemning The yeas and nays were ordered. nonproliferation. the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I want to commend Senator GLENN asked for the Pakistanis’ support. They question is on agreeing to the amend- for his leadership on this issue. He has voted with us in condemning that inva- ment. The yeas and nays have been or- fought it for years. sion. India voted no. dered. The clerk will call the roll. I made my speech last night. This is In 1990, we asked Pakistan’s help in The bill clerk called the roll. an amazing thing; if our country is for the war against Iraq, and they deliv- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. nuclear nonproliferation, we will be re- ered troops. FRIST). Are there any other Senators in warding a country for proliferation. In 1992 and 1993, we asked Pakistan’s the Chamber who desire to vote? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The assistance for troops in Somalia, and The result was announced—yeas 55, Chair recognizes the Senator from Col- they said yes and responded. nays 45, as follows: orado. In 1993, we asked for their help with [Rollcall Vote No. 454 Leg.] Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield troops in Haiti, and they again said YEAS—55 myself the remainder of my time. yes. Ashcroft Grams Moseley-Braun Mr. President, I am concerned about In 1995, we went to Pakistan and Baucus Grassley Murkowski nonproliferation, and all Members asked their help in apprehending a ter- Bond Gregg Murray Brown Harkin ought to be concerned about it. They rorist and returning him to the United Nickles Bryan Hatch Packwood ought to be aware that if this amend- States, the mastermind, at least the Burns Heflin Reid ment is agreed to, very strong, tough one we suspect was the mastermind, of Campbell Helms Roth the World Trade Center bombing, and Chafee Hutchison Santorum sanctions remain in place against Coats Inhofe Shelby Pakistan—a bar on military sales, a they said yes. Cochran Inouye Simpson Mr. President, when we have needed Cohen Jeffords bar on military assistance, and a vari- Smith ety of other tough sanctions. help Pakistan has responded and been Craig Johnston Dodd Kassebaum Snowe A lot has been said about the non- there to help us. This amendment has Dole Kempthorne Stevens proliferation policy. The fact is this. specific language in it that makes it Domenici Kyl Thomas Our current nonproliferation policy clear that any ballistic missile sanc- Faircloth Lott Thompson with regard to India is that India may tions are not affected by this. Ford Lugar Thurmond Gorton McCain Warner build and develop nuclear weapons and And last, the President of the United Graham Mikulski there are no sanctions. That is a fact. States has gone out on a limb. He has NAYS—45 Our policy is also that Pakistan may negotiated a compromise. He has shown leadership. This is not the time Abraham Dorgan Levin not do that, and there are heavy sanc- Akaka Exon Lieberman tions. That is not even-handed any way to condemn him. Bennett Feingold Mack you slice it. Mr. President, I will yield the re- Biden Feinstein McConnell There are a couple considerations I mainder of my time to the distin- Bingaman Frist Moynihan Boxer Glenn Nunn hope Members will keep in mind as guished Senator from Illinois. Bradley Gramm Pell they consider this question. We have Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. I thank the Breaux Hatfield Pressler gone to the Pakistanis year after year Chair. Bumpers Hollings Pryor and asked them for their help. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Byrd Kennedy Robb Conrad Kerrey Rockefeller In 1950, we asked them to condemn Chair recognizes the Senator from Illi- Coverdell Kerry Sarbanes the invasion of South Korea, and they nois. D’Amato Kohl Simon gave us unqualified support and a Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. Mr. Presi- Daschle Lautenberg Specter strong condemnation of the North Ko- dent, I wish to see the United States as DeWine Leahy Wellstone rean invasion. a country that keeps its word in inter- So the amendment (No. 2708) was In 1954, we asked them to be an ini- national affairs. agreed to. tial member of the Central Treaty Or- We entered into a contract with Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I move ganization and help contain com- Pakistan to sell military equipment to reconsider the vote by which the munism, and they gave unqualified and accepted more than $1 billion for amendment was agreed to. support and joined. that equipment. Likewise, we have Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. I move to In 1955, Pakistan joined the South- made it quite clear that we will not do lay that motion on the table. east Asian Treaty Organization, business with countries that pro- The motion to lay on the table was SEATO, at our request and helped stem liferate. We all understand that the agreed to. the tide of communism. transfer of the F–16’s cannot be com- ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS In 1956, we offered a resolution in the pleted now because Pakistan has cho- Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I have United Nations and asked Pakistan to sen not to work with the United States been a supporter of the possibilities of- support that 1956 resolution, con- on proliferation issues. However, the fered to this Nation’s public and pri- demning the Soviet Union’s invasion of United States cannot continue to re- vate sector by the burgeoning growth Hungary. Pakistan supported us. India tain both the planes and the money of the telecommunications industry. abstained on the vote. and in the process break its word. I be- Coming from a rural Western State

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 with vast distances between our com- or military education that would be Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, munities, I realized that advanced tele- provided. In fact, this provision would with regard to the Jordanian draw- communications was likely the only waive section 506(c) of the Foreign As- down, the $100 million drawdown will avenue to Montana that could over- sistance Act of 1961, which requires allow the United States to keep its come the burdens of distance and geog- that there be an authorization and ap- commitments to King Hussein to ad- raphy to allow rural Americans to propriation. The provision would also dress legitimate security concerns of compete in a rapidly changing econ- waive the requirement under section Jordan in a post-peace environment. omy. 632(d) of the Foreign Assistance Act of The King’s courageous decision to pro- This spring, three United States uni- 1961, which would require the Depart- vide refuge to the Iraqi defectors only versities—Montana State University, ment of State to reimburse the Depart- increases his security problems. Virginia Commonwealth University, ment of Defense for the defense items Moreover, this drawdown package and Portland State University—com- which have to be replaced. In short, the demonstrates America’s resolve to sup- bined with two universities from Army will have to find $61 million in port those who support peace in that Northern Ireland—Queens University its operations and maintenance budget area of the world. We are at a very crit- of Belfast and Armagh and the Univer- to pay for the training, transportation ical time in the peace process and it is sity of Ulster—to form the Distance and handling, as well as repair and de- important we maintain our credibility Learning Consortium for International fense items which are to be sent to Jor- if we are to maintain our leadership Management in the United States and dan. role in brokering further peace agree- European Union. This consortium has Mr. President, I believe it is impor- ments. been formed for the purpose of pro- tant to support nations who work with The drawdown is designed to address viding interactive video and voice tech- the United States to achieve peace in the immediate needs of the Jordanian nologies. The consortium will offer regions where we have national inter- Armed Forces primarily for border se- programs in the area of international ests, and where it is consistent with curity. In the immediate post-peace business, focusing on such topics as our other security priorities around treaty era with Israel, Jordan finds joint market opportunities, issue top- the world. I appreciate the role that itself hard-pressed to prevent infiltra- ical and germane to the U.S. and E.C. Jordan played in the Middle East peace tion of its border with Israel by poten- markets. process. I believe Jordan should have tial terrorists and smugglers. They des- The project would make it possible the defense items, services, and mili- perately need to increase their capa- for a businessman in Billings, MT, and tary training, that enable them to pro- bility to survey the border, especially anywhere else in America to walk into tect their borders and respond to ter- at night. one of the participating universities rorist threats. However, there are no and receive a real-time, interactive funds authorized and there are no funds I am well aware of the economic con- block of instruction on the latest in appropriated in this bill or the foreign straints our Nation faces as it fights a European Community regulations, or aid bill for this drawdown. This is a bulging deficit, which is precisely why distribution channels, or constraints function of the international affairs the drawdown package is tailored so regarding their exports. These pro- budget and there should be an appro- that it has a minimum impact upon grams would be taught by some of the priate authorization and appropriation our force readiness. leading European experts. Conversely, within the foreign aid and foreign oper- Mr. President, I will also say, while a businessman in the European Com- ations bills. not typically being a spokesman for munity would be able to access the lat- Mr. President, when the Defense au- the administration, they are strongly est information on U.S. trade, com- thorization bill was before this body, in support of the Jordanian drawdown, merce, regulations, and opportunities the administration sought support for as well. in a similar fashion. a similar provision. In a letter sup- I yield the floor. While the consortium will utilize porting the proposed amendment to the Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I concur their own match, the consortium needs Defense authorization bill, the Sec- with what the distinguished chairman initial support of $500,000 to develop retary of Defense stated that without has said. I think this is extremely im- their interrelated curricula and har- replacement of the nonexcess items portant. I have met a number of times monize their separate distance learning and reimbursement to the military with Jordanian officials, and a number technologies. services for transportation and other of times with King Hussein regarding I hope the manager of this bill will costs, military readiness will suffer. this and other issues involving Jordan. consider this project during its con- Mr. President, once again, I believe Jordan is in a critical, pivotal posi- ference with the House. the United States should provide Jor- tion. I remember last year—actually, Mr. MCCONNELL. I appreciate Sen- dan with the defense items that would about 11 months ago now—when I had ator BURNS bringing this project to my be authorized by this drawdown. How- the privilege of accompanying the attention, and I will be happy to work ever, I cannot support the use of De- President of the United States to the with him on this project. fense funds without reimbursement to signing ceremony of the peace agree- Mr. President, it is my understanding pay for this authority. that the distinguished Senator from I will not offer an amendment to ment between Jordan and Israel, signed South Carolina is going to address the strike this provision from the bill. out in the desert in Al Aqabah, in 110- Senate for a few moments, and then we However, I want all Members to under- degree weather. I remember the day as will move along with our agenda. I stand that the Senate Armed Services though it was yesterday. There was a yield the floor. Committee worked very hard to ensure stiff desert wind blowing. People from Mr. THURMOND addressed the Chair. the Defense budget was not used for Israel and Jordan and from the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nondefense items. States were there to witness the sign- ator from South Carolina. This provision would use Defense ing of this historic peace agreement. DRAWDOWN AUTHORITY FOR JORDAN funds to provide the defense articles There was a very moving speech by Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I and services to a foreign nation. The Prime Minister Rabin and by King Hus- rise in opposition to section 576 of H.R. Department of State should reimburse sein. The President of the United 1868, the Foreign Operations Appropria- the Department of Defense for these States was speaking for all Americans tions Act, which would provide author- items. If there is no reimbursement, about our pride in this historic agree- ity for the President to drawdown $100 the Army will have to use money in fis- ment. million of defense articles from Depart- cal year 1996 and future years, which Every commitment that King Hus- ment of Defense stocks. has not been included in the future sein has made, he has kept. Every step I oppose the inclusion of this provi- years defense plan, to replace these he has said he would take, he has sion in the bill because there are no items. This cannot help but be detri- taken—many with great courage and funds appropriated in the bill to reim- mental to the future readiness of the great foresight. burse the Department of Defense for U.S. Army. We should stop these raids This is not an easy time in the Mid- the defense articles, services, training, on the Defense budget. dle East. Prime Minister Rabin, who

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14007 justly deserves his Nobel Peace Prize, States security and European stability. topher, Secretary of Defense Perry and has pushed so hard to keep a peace Under the assistance provision adopted other officials. President Clinton agreement going in the face of political last year, Albania has received ship- praised Berisha for the country’s eco- opposition and terrorist attacks. He ments of uniforms and other nonlethal nomic and democratic reforms. and Foreign Minister Peres have excess defense materials from the On the thorny problem of relations worked so hard on this. There is really United States without having to bear with its neighbor Greece, the two na- a handful of people in the Middle East the cost of transporting those mate- tions recently initiated talks on the who are trying to bring about peace— rials. That cost would have been pro- rights of Greek and Albanian minori- not so much for their generation, be- hibitive for Albania, but it is a small ties in each other’s country, at the urg- cause their generation will soon reach cost for us and one that yields a real ing of United States Assistant Sec- a time when it fades from the scene, benefit. Now, under section 557 of this retary of State Holbrooke who was vis- but for the generation of children, Arab bill, we will be able to continue iting the region. and Jew alike. They are facing a poten- waiving the transportation fees for Mr. President, there are other ways tial for peace which their parents did such assistance to Albania, and to we can provide assistance to Albania at not have, but a potential they now other countries eligible to participate a small cost to ourselves. Last week have. This is an area where we can in the Partnership for Peace Program. President Clinton offered to help estab- help. The United States has strong and Our efforts are helping. With United lish a training program for judges, real security interests in that part of States advice and assistance, the Alba- prosecutors and police and to equip and the world. We should help. nian military has been reorganized. outfit the Albanian peacekeeping con- So I strongly support the administra- The entire ministry staff was changed, tingent under the NATO Partnership tion’s position. I think the President and all of the people who had worked for Peace Program. Albania still needs and Secretary of State are right. for the Albanian secret police were dis- development assistance, help with PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR missed. The army was restructured legal structures, environmental protec- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask from 21 divisions into just 9. Fifty per- tion and planning, and foreign invest- unanimous consent, on behalf of Sen- cent of the commissioned officers and ment. But we have made a good start, ator WELLSTONE, to allow a fellow on 30 percent of the enlisted officers were and section 557 of this bill helps permit his staff, Paul Mazur, the privilege of dismissed, reducing the total number that to continue. the floor during the consideration of of officers from 18,000 to 8,200. The OVERSEAS POLICE TRAINING H.R. 1868, the foreign ops bill. heavily politicized military academies, Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, for 20 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without based on old Soviet doctrine, were shut years the United States Government objection, it is so ordered. down and replaced with a new non- has been prohibited from training for- TRANSFER OF EXCESS NONLETHAL DEFENSE commissioned officer academy based eign police forces. Section 660 of the ARTICLES TO ALBANIA on a United States model. A new rank Foreign Assistance Act reflected ear- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I rise to system and promotion track was estab- lier congressional concern that U.S. discuss section 557 of this bill, a provi- lished. personnel should not train security sion which I support. Last year, the The Albanian military is also shed- forces in repressive regimes. Senate adopted my amendment to ding its isolationist policies and seek- But for more than a decade we have allow a waiver of transportation fees ing extensive cooperation with the realized that some overseas police for nonlethal excess defense articles West and integration into regional se- training is necessary and important— being transferred to Albania. I am curity structures. Albania has been particularly in the area of anti- pleased to see that this provision is very cooperative with NATO efforts to terrorism. This year’s pending foreign being extended this year in both the help halt the conflict in the former operations appropriations bill adds an- Senate and House bills, and that it is Yugoslavia. Albania has allowed other important exemption: It allows in fact being expanded to cover all United States reconnaissance drones to the training of overseas police forces to countries eligible to participate in be based at the Gjader base there since monitor and enforce sanctions. But I NATO’s Partnership for Peace Pro- mid-summer, and those drones have believe that another exemption is gram, including Albania. been very useful in observing military needed. The President, civilian offi- Albania is one of the poorest coun- activities in the former Yugoslavia. cials, and U.S. military commanders, tries in Europe. Somehow, despite dec- Albania has participated in seven need the authority to conduct public- ades of isolation, tyranny and brutal joint military exercises with United safety training during and after signifi- Communist rule, the seeds of democ- States and other NATO forces, most re- cant military operations. racy survived in the people and have cently the Peaceful Eagle exercise last As the United States discovered in begun to sprout. The people of Albania week, which trained Albanian units to Grenada, Panama, and Haiti, public still look to the United States as a be deployed in future U.N. peace- order is likely to collapse when exist- model, admiring our values and desir- keeping missions. Notably, some of ing regimes collapse. In each of these ing our support. In just a few short these joint exercises have brought Al- cases, U.S. forces were unable to depart years, Albania has become an impor- banian forces together with troops until order was restored—and a mecha- tant ally of the United States in the from its neighbors in the region, in- nism for maintaining public safety was fragile region of the Balkans and is cluding Greece, Bulgaria, and Roma- created. In none of these cases was this working closely with NATO. nia, building important positive links done smoothly or efficiently. The U.S. Albania is classified by the United where there have been historic animos- Justice Department’s International Nations as the least-developed nation ities. And these exercises have also Criminal Investigative Training Assist- in Europe. Albania is trying to estab- trained Albanian and other troops for ance Program [ICITAP], which is per- lish free markets and free institutions peacetime missions, such as coordi- mitted under current law to perform there, and they have a good chance of nated emergency disaster response. training in this hemisphere, did not succeeding. Albania is one place where Last week, Albania offered air bases perform well. Given the relatively a little help from the United States can in Albania for United States F–117 small size of its training organization, go a very long way to fostering democ- Stealth fighter-bombers that we may and the demands created by hostile and racy and building stability in the re- want to use in Bosnia. We had been un- demanding environments, this was not gion. able to get agreement to base those surprising. The United States is properly pro- planes in Italy. So we and NATO are During the past 10 years, there has viding some modest assistance to Alba- seeking to build a valuable ally in Al- not been an effective civilian organiza- nia. And one aspect of that assistance bania, and it is important to continue tion for conducting public-safety train- can be strengthening civilian control of that assistance. ing in the context of a U.S. military the military in Albania, and the con- This month, Albanian President Sali operation. In the words of the Commis- struction of modern, reformed national Berisha traveled to Washington and sion on Roles and Missions of the defense forces. Helping Albania in this met with President Clinton, Vice Presi- Armed Forces, ‘‘our recent experience way is clearly in the interest of United dent GORE, Secretary of State Chris- in Latin America, the Caribbean, and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 Africa shows that there are no civilian created with murder in mind, and they Palestinian Authority. We beseech your as- agencies capable of short-notice law- will continue that way. sistance regarding one specific issue—the ex- enforcement operations and training in I must say that I fear for Israel. tradition of the murderers who were appre- While we provide aid and comfort for hended by the Palestinian Authority and are hostile, demanding environments.’’ currently being held in Jericho. In the absence of an effective civilian the PLO, Yasir Arafat concludes deals According to the agreement signed with training organization, the U.S. mili- with Hamas, rediverts aid, and con- Mr. Arafat, the State of Israel has the right tary was compelled to perform public- tinues business as usual, laughing all to obtain the transfer of murderers of its safety training. Military commanders the way to the bank. The United States citizens in order that they be tried in the worked hard to ensure that they did so should be ashamed of itself for giving courts of the State of Israel. without violating section 660. In Soma- aid and comfort to these murderers. In The State of Israel has turned to the Pales- the end, though, it will not be the tinian Authority and has requested the ex- lia, for example, marines trained ‘‘aux- tradition of the murderers. However, the iliary security forces’’ rather than po- United States that suffers first. It will Palestinian Authority has refused to comply lice forces. But because of section 660 be Israel, and for them I feel sorry. and transfer the killers of our children to the restrictions, U.S. military commanders I want it known very clearly, I voted Israeli authorities. could not plan and train for this mis- for the foreign operations appropria- We are terribly pained, anguished and dis- sion. In short, it was done on an ad hoc, tions bill so that Israel could receive traught by the Palestinian’s outright refusal the aid that it needs at this crucial to comply. We have turned to the Prime reactive basis. Minister, to Cabinet Ministers, and to mem- Mr. President, I am pleased the Sen- time. It is in no way a vote in favor of aid to the PLO. However virulently bers of the Knesset with our plea for compli- ate has accepted my amendment on ance and justice. We recently met with the overseas training, which would permit against funding the PLO in the manner President of the State of Israel, Mr. Ezer the President to use whatever agency in which it will be funded, I am not Weitzman, who unequivocally stated to us of Government was most appropriate willing to hurt Israel by voting against his support of halting the peace talks as long to train public-safety forces during and the entire bill. In fact, I think that it as the Palestinian Authority refuses to com- after a military operation. In some was wrong to link the two aid packages ply and extradite the murderers to the State cases, such as Haiti, the environment together because Senators, such as my- of Israel. self who support aid to Israel but not We look upon this issue of the extradition was relatively peaceful, and the train- of the savage murderers of our children as ing mission could be carried out by the the PLO, are put in a difficult position. not simply a political issue, but rather as a Justice Department. But in other, If one votes to kill the aid to the PLO moral issue of the highest order. more dangerous situations, such as by voting against the overall bill, he or The United States of America has been Panama, the President might direct she also votes to kill the aid to Israel. courageously battling terrorism for many local military commanders to conduct This is wrong and it distresses me years. In view of this honorable policy, it be- hooves this great country to insure the ex- short-term training. Once order is re- greatly. Mr. President, I ask to have printed tradition of terrorists as a primary condition stored, civilian agencies could take for the continuation of aid to the Palestinian in the RECORD, a letter to me from four over longer-term training and assist- Authority. Compliance with this matter by ance. grieving mothers, whose children have the Palestinian Authority will be a true test In the post-cold-war world, the been taken from them by terrorist acts of the sincerity of the P.L.O., heretofore a United States in my judgment will carried out by the very people to which terrorist organization, now professing to be a from time to time be compelled to use the United States will be providing aid. peace seeking organization. military force to protect our interests, This letter pleads for extradition by As mothers struggling to cope with the in- cessant pain and sorrow of our losses, we and to carry out other operations the PLO to Israel of the murderers of their children. I urge my colleagues to wish to have a dialogue with members of the where public safety will be an issue. Senate. It would be scandalously immoral to Mr. President, I believe this amend- read this heartrending letter to further provide the P.L.O. with funds as long as they ment will help U.S. military com- understand the mistake we are com- continue to refuse to allow the State of manders perform this mission much mitting by providing this aid to the Israel to bring the terrorists to justice. more effectively in the future. I thank PLO with so few strings attached. Dear Senator, your intervention is our the distinguished managers of the Mr. President, I also ask to have only hope. Our children cannot return to us. We dare not compromise their honor. pending legislation for accepting my printed in the RECORD, copies of docu- ments that are purported to be from Please accept our heartfelt appreciation amendment. for your efforts regarding this critical issue. I thank the Chair and yield the floor. the Palestinian Economic Council, De- Sincerely, Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I rise velopment and Reconstruction, other- YEHUDIT SHACHOR. today to discuss United States aid to wise known as PECDAR. These docu- BILHA BACHRACH. the PLO, as it has been included in the ments, which I make no claim to their RIFKA FORER. fiscal year 1996 foreign operations ap- authenticity, highlight a series of al- BATYA BACHAR. propriations bill and to explain my leged economic diversions and schemes by the PLO to buy up property in the [From the New York Times, June 12, 1995] vote on the subject. On My Mind: We have to face the facts. The PLO is West Bank to leverage against Israel. THE P.L.O. PAPERS not complying with its responsibilities. Finally, I ask to have printed in the AID, CONGRESS AND A MOTHER-IN-LAW It has failed to restrain the radicals in RECORD an article on this same subject Gaza; failed to extradite terrorist mur- by A. M. Rosenthal that details the (By A. M. Rosenthal) derers in its custody to Israel; it has documents in question. Should the United States continue giving hundreds of millions of dollars to the Pal- failed to change the PLO Covenant; There being no objection, the mate- rial was ordered to be printed in the estine Liberation Organization, and under and it has failed to come clean with the what conditions? amount of its assets. Most impor- RECORD, as follows: Has Yasir Arafat lived up to the existing tantly, the PLO’s overwhelming failure September 20, 1995. conditions of American aid? For instance, is to restrain the radical elements within Hon. Senator ALFONSE D’AMATO, all international money distributed through its areas of control is an insult to U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. the P.L.O. being used for the economic ben- DEAR SENATOR: We are the mothers griev- Israel and everyone who had placed efit of Palestinians in territory turned over ing for our precious children, of blessed by Israel? Or has he used foreign help for his hope in Yasir Arafat’s ability to deliver memory, who were brutally murdered by own personal and political purposes? the peace. merciless terrorists as they innocently hiked That is what is going on, according to cop- Mr. President, I am angered that the the countryside of the land of Israel. We, as ies of 28 letters in my possession. They deal PLO will be funded in this foreign aid mothers, have never been active politically. with orders from Mr. Arafat’s top finance bill, and moreover, with the fewest of For years we tirelessly and lovingly dedi- aide in the Palestinian National Authority strings attached. The PLO is not living cated ourselves to raising our children. In to Pecdar, the Palestinian economic develop- up to its end of the bargain, but the one day, our dreams were shattered when we ment organization, which handles inter- United States is rewarding this band of received the bitter news that unconscionable national aid and is supposed to be inde- murderers, with their knives in hand, butch- pendent of political direction from Mr. murderers, nonetheless. I would ven- ered our beloved offspring. Arafat. ture to say that the PLO has no plans We turn to you at this critical hour with With admonishments of secrecy, the let- to live up to its bargain. They were regard to the granting of financial aid to the ters contain instructions, and pecdar notices

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of compliance, to allocate money to such PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, Altarify, the part of the National Pales- projects as buying a large chicken farm, DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- tinian Authority in the capital being thirty other land, apartments and companies for TION, (PECDAR), million dollars from fifty million dollars P.L.O. notables, enlarging holdings in Jeru- December 17, 1994. namely a proportion of 60%, we are to inform salem—and $2.5 million for an expanded To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi you the following: propaganda apparatus, the money to be Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. 1. The required transfer of the amount has channeled through Mr. Arafat’s mother-in- Greetings of Return. been effected to the account of the comrade law. Referring to your letter dated 12.12.1994 No. Jameel Altarify according to his request in Pieces of the correspondence have been MP/30/305 concerning the founding of a cor- his personal account abroad. printed in Israel, but have not surfaced pub- poration of the name of corporation of ad- 2. The bank has confirmed receipt of the licly in the U.S. until this column. vancing for import and export Palestinian transferred money. The P.L.O. says they are forgeries. The sited in the city of Ramallah which shall be 3. We have taken a commitment from the Israeli Government does not want anything managed by the comrade Jameel Titarify comrade Jameel Altarify that the amount is to interfere with U.S. aid to the P.L.O., as with the participation of the national pales- a trust in his hand on behalf of the national these letters could, but has been interest- tinian authority by 60% (six million US palestinan authority. ingly non-committal about the letters. DOLLARS) a contact has been established Please do inform the leader comrade Abu The Clinton Administration also does not with the comrade Jameel Altarify and the Amar the President of the National Pales- want any glitches about U.S. aid to the following steps have been taken: tinian Authority about the matter in the due P.L.O. But American intelligence has been 1. The required amount has been shifted to way. asked to examine the letters by Representa- the account of the comrade Jameel Altarify Respectfully, tive Ben Gilman, New York Republican, abroad for covering the financial commercial ——— ——— chairman of the House International Rela- credits. Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, tions Committee. 2. The receiving bank has confirmed recep- for Development and Reconstruction. I got them from Israeli and American tion of the transfer. sources who feel the labor Government’s ne- 3. We have obtained a written commitment THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- gotiating techniques with the P.L.O. and from the comrade Jameel Al tarify that the THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, Syria amount to a giveaway of Israeli secu- amount is a deposit in his hands. August 28, 1994. rity that will not bring a lasting peace but We request to inform the comrade leader To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- make it impossible. Abu Amar about the details and performance nomic Council for Development and Re- Iraeli officials finger Yigal Carmon, former of the matter. construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. adviser on terrorism to the previous and cur- Respectfully, Greetings of return. rent Israeli Prime Ministers, as the source. ——— ——— The comrade leader Abu Amar has commu- He certainly was not mine. After I showed Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, nicated to us his wish for the formation of a him the letters a month ago he returned Development and Reconstruction. general contracting company for building with a reply he said he wished he did not and importing of the huge apparatus for have to make: certain informalities in Ara- THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- building like bulldozers and cars and modern bic usage gave him pause. Now he says that THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, supplies. Since the brother Jameel Altarify after consultations with other Palestinian August 25, 1994. has a wide experience in this field it has been and Israeli specialists, his linguistic ques- To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- decided to assign to him this matter in the tions are answered and the letters are au- nomic Council for Development and Re- following manner: 1. A limited company shall be founded with thentic. Other anti-terrorist experts, who construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. Greetings of return. shareholders from inland and abroad and it spent four months checking the letters, say In accordance with the desire of the com- ought to compete with the international they are not forgeries. rade leader Abu Amar the President of the companies. Spokesmen for the U.S., Israel and the National Palestinian Authority to found a 2. The capital of this capital shall be one World Bank tell me that the political company for importing and exporting Ltd, million American dollar. projects outlined in the letters do not come according to the necessity and in order to 3. The company shall be sited in the city of from their contributions. They volunteered ensure full and effective control on the com- Ramallah. that the money could have come from other mercial market it has been decided to assign 4. The national authority shall participate contributing nations or that international this matter to the comrade Jameel Altarify by 60% in the capital and its participation funding could have freed up more P.L.O. with the participation of members of the shall be registered in the names of men be- funds for secret political actions. frame of FATAH in the West Bank in the fol- longing to the cadre of FATAH who are reli- The letters are not the only question that lowing manner: able. the House and Senate will have to consider 1. To found a company in the name of ‘‘the 5. The approved capital of the company about continuing the $500 million U.S. aid to Palestinian advanced company for importing shall be fifty million dollars. the P.L.O. and exporting under the management of the 6. The necessary measures shall be taken Why has Mr. Arafat not lived up to the comrade Jameel Altarify who shall choose for a speedy foundation of the company. condition that the P.L.O. eliminate the such appropriate people from the frame of Please ensure taking the necessary finan- death-to-Israel clauses from its convenant? FATAH. cial and secondary measures to inform the Will he ever stop encouraging Palestinians 2. The capital of the company shall be ten comrade leader Abu Amar the President of to believe that the peace negotiations are million dollars. the National Palestinian Authority. the first phase toward the convenant goal of 3. The National Palestinian Authority Respectfully, control over all of what is now Israel? Why shall participate for 60% and its participa- MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, have more Israelis died in terrorist attacks tion shall be registered in the name of sworn Finance Minister. since the Oslo agreement than before? members of the frame of FATAH. But the basic question before Congress is 4. The central office of the company will be PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, this: in the city of Ramallah. It may open DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- Will peace be killed by insisting on P.L.O. branches in any part of the West Bank and TION, (PECDAR), compliance with conditions already outlined Gaza Strip. September 25, 1994. by the U.S. but unfulfilled by the P.L.O.? Please take all necessary steps for full exe- To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi That is what Israeli and U.S. officials say cution of the matter and have us informed. Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. they believe. Or could that make a lasting Respectfully, Greetings of Return: peace somewhat more possible? (My belief.) MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, Referring to your letter dated 17.9.1994 No. In the Senate, Alfonse M. D’Amato, a Re- Finance Minister. MP/30/155 we inform you immediately that publican, demands proof of P.L.O. compli- all the measures for the execution of the or- ance on anti-terrorist action and changing PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, ders of the comrade leader Abu Amar Presi- the convenant as a price of aid. In the House, DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- dent of the National Palestinian Authority Democrats and Republicans have introduced TION, (PECDAR) in the matter of financing the special central wording that would also reduce aid if any is December 15, 1994. computer, in the following way: misspent. Among them are Democrats Eliot To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi 1. On the basis of banking arrangements Engel and Charles Schumer of New York and Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. with the brother Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath minister Republicans Jim Saxton of New Jersey and Greetings of Return. of planning and international cooperation, it Tom DeLay of Texas. Referring to your letter dated 28.11.1994 No. appears that he prefers to deal with his sons That’s one great thing about Congress— MP/30/227 in the matter of founding a general Ali and Maxin in this project. there are always members of both parties contracting company for importing huge ap- 2. The required informations have been ob- around who insist on bringing up issues paratus for construction similar to what is tained on the sons accounts abroad. about which the Administration of the day in international companies under the control 3. There was accomplished the transfer of wants only considerable shut-up. and management of the comrade Jameel eight dollars as required.

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4. The bank has confirmed receipt of the THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- that the Authority should stay away from transfer. THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE. these projects the following shall be done: Please inform the leader comrade Abu To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- 1. The projects shall have the special Amar President of the National Palestinian nomic Council for Development and Re- stamp ‘‘A private or public shareholders cor- Authority that his orders have been executed construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. poration’’, its shareholders shall be Palestin- in due form. Greetings of return. ians from the country and from abroad. Respectfully, Following our letter of 17.9.1994 No. MP/30/ 2. The foundation of construction which ——— ——— 155 and in performance of the instructions, shall be named ‘‘The Palestinian corporation Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, provided there, of the comrade leader Abu for projects and construction’’ shall build Development and Reconstruction. Amar, President of the National Palestinian dwelling flats in the city of Ramallah with a Authority and in pursuance of performance capital of fifteen million US dollars. THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- of the projects which have been attributed to 3. There is no objection in having land- THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath, the chairman of the owners participating in the said corporation. To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- council of planification and international co- 4. A financial arrangement shall be pro- nomic Council for Development and Re- operation, we are to inform you that the vided with Dr. Amin Haddad to pay the ap- construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. third project to be executed will concentrate proved amount in a way convenient to him. Following our letter of 3.9.1944 No. MP/30/ on the following: 5. The properties of this corporation shall 126 and relating to the instructions provided 1. The international planning corporation belong to the National Palestinian Author- there by the comrade leader Abu Amar, for administration which is managed by the ity. President of the National Palestinian Au- sons of the comrade Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath, and We stress that the comrade leader Abu thority and in pursuance of performing the which have branches in Egypt and Lebanon Amar has the highest interest in this mat- projects (the comrade Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath) and through it the Palestinian Authority ter. chairman of the Palestinian Economic Coun- will be able to obtain private informations Respectfully, cil for development and reconstruction, the and set clubs and congress in the country MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY. second project concentrates on the following: and abroad. 1. The private special central computer: 2. It will be agreed to purchase a building PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, There shall be founded a corporation for the in Arab Jerusalem or its suburbs for an DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- private (or special) central computer in addi- amount of two million dollars, to be the resi- TION (PECDAR), tion to the one which is the National Pales- dence of the said corporation. September 11, 1994. tinian Authority. 3. An amount of one million dollars shall To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi 2. The said corporation shall instruct and be given to purchase the necessary office fur- Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. councel in the technical and scientific oper- nitures and appliances. Greetings of Return. ation of the central computer of the Author- 4. A budget of expenses in administrative Referring to your letter dated 3.9.1994 No. ity in all places of the Gaza Strip. This ac- matters and current expenses for an amount MP/30/126 Dr. Nabeen Sha’ath minister of tivity shall further extend to the West Bank of two million dollars for a start. Therefore planning and international cooperation—for and to Jerusalem, capital of the Palestinian the required amount is five million dollars. the founding of a technological architectural State. We stress the importance of the project corporation in both the Gaza Strip and West 3. The capital of the private corporation and the necessity to provide diligently the Bank, we inform you the following: shall be eight US million dollars which shall required amounts. 1. We have contacted the comrade Dr. be paid by the National Authority imme- Respectfully, Nabeel Sha’ath. He has furnished us the nec- diately to the corporation. MUHDI ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY. essary banking informations. 4. The corporation shall immediately ap- 2. The required transfer has been effected point the necessary staff from the country PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, from the ‘‘special accounts’’. and abroad, and they should be highly quali- DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- 3. The bank has confirmed receipt of the fied. TION, (PECDAR), amount and its transfer in the account of the 5. The direct managers shall be the sons of October 15, 1994. comrade Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath. Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath, Ali and Mazin, who are To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi Please convey these informations to the experts in this field. Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. comrade leader Abu Amar, President of the The comrade leader Abu Amar, President Greetings of Return. National Palestinian Authority and that his of the National Palestinian Authority shows Referring to your letter dated 7.10.1994 No. orders have been fully executed. the highest interest in this scientific and MP/30/305 concerning the development Respectfully, technological project and urges to deal with projects which are under the management of ——— ———, it diligently. the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad one of the pil- Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, Respectfully, lars of the PECDAR member of the economic Development and Reconstruction. ——— ——— delegation which was negotiated in Paris and on the basis of the decree of the comrade THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, leader Abu Amar, the transfer of fifteen mil- THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- lion dollars has been effected according to September 3, 1994. TION (PECDAR), the bank informations which have been To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- October 7, 1994. brought to us by him. nomic Council for Development and Re- To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi We have checked the effective transfer of construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. the said amount to his personal account in Greetings of return. Greetings of Return. due course. Please inform the comrade lead- In accordance with the instructions of the Referring to your letter dated 30.9.1994 No. er Abu Amar that it has been done according comrade leader Abu Amar, and whereas it is MP/30/168 we are to inform that the nec- to his wish. mandatory to initiate a technological sci- essary measures for the setting and enlarg- Respectfully, entific activity in the Gaza Strip and West ing of the corporation TEAM in Jerusalem ——— ———, Bank on a desirable scientific level, it has has been effected with MM. Ali and Mazin Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, been decided to bestow this function on the sons of the comrade Dr. Nabeel Sha’ath Min- Development and Reconstruction. Minister of Planning and International Co- ister of Development and Reconstruction at operation Dr. Nabil Sha’ath, since these are the National Palestinian Authority in a way THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- private and personal projects and they which is convenient to them. We shall add THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE. should not contradict the interests of the the following: To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- other party who could exploit them politi- 1. We have suggested to them a building in nomic Council for Development and Re- cally in international circles among the do- the suburb of the Bareed which comprises construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. nors and the Americans and thus may cause eight flats with a preliminary consent Greetings of return. hard problems to the National Palestinian 2. A special budget has been assigned for On the basis of a decree of the comrade Authority. Therefore, the comrade leader purchasing of apparatus according to what leader Abu Amar, President of the National Abu Ammar has decided to start as follows: was decided Palestinian Authority and his full faith in 1. To found a technological architectural 3. A budget has been assigned for expenses one of the elements of the Palestinian Eco- corporation having the required qualifica- and wages nomic Council for development and Con- tions. It will start its activities first of all in Please convey to the comrade leader Abu struction (PECDAR) and its unrelenting ef- the Gaza Strip and then shall go to the West Amar President of the National Palestinian forts for the setting of the institutions of the Bank and the Arab villages and their sub- Authority the content of this letter Authority, the leader symbol has decided to urbs. Respectfully, nominate Dr. Amin Haddad to manage the 2. The said corporation shall deal with in- ——— ———, private projects. He shall have the power to structing and counseling in the architectural Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, appoint the faithful and reliable elements and technological matters in the private and Development and Reconstruction. from among the cadre of ‘‘FATH’’. In order public sectors.

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3. The capital of the corporation shall be PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, Beer Zeit (Ramallah) which will specialize in five million US dollars. It may be increased, DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- strengthening the palestinian economy we if necessary, by setting a shareholders cor- TION (PECDAR), inform you as follows: poration with the participation of Palestin- November 11, 1994. 1. We obtained all the plans and necessary ians from the country and abroad. To the comrade Mohammad Zudhi informations concerning this project, we We emphasize that the comrade leader Abu Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. have studied it and have decided as follows: Amar considers the matter of setting the Greetings of Return. 2. We have contacted the comrade press- corporation as specially important. Referring to your letter dated 30.10.1994 No. man Mr. Ibrahim Alkarain and obtained Respectfully, MP/30/241 concerning the Palestinian cor- from him the necessary bank informations poration for importation of iron and steel 3. The transfer of the required amount has MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY. Ltd which the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad been effected from the ‘‘special accounts’’ member of (PEDCAR) intends to found we 4. The bank has confirmed to us receipt of PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, are to inform you the following: the amount and its transfer in the account of DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- 1. An understanding has been reached with the comrade Ibrahim Alkarain TION (PECDAR) the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad on the manner Please convey these informations to the October 28, 1994. he prefers for the operation of financing. comrade leader Abu Amar President of the To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi 2. A commitment has been obtained from National Palestinian Authority and that his Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad that the said orders have been fully executed. Greatings of Return. corporation belongs to the Palestinian Au- Respectfully thority and that it is a deposit in his hands. ——— ———, Referring to your letter dated 20.10.1994 No. 3. You will be informed at the completion Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, MP/30/225 in the matter of the industries and of the procedures of financing and reception antiques of Naplus that will be assigned to Development and Reconstruction. of the amount and its deposit in the account It is forbidden to read this document with- the comrade Amin Hadad and in accordance of the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad soon with out the special authorization of the Presi- with the wishes of the comrade Abademar, the wish of God. dent. the following financial procedures have been Please inform the comrade Abu Amar accomplished: president of the National Palestinian Au- THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- thority on the details of the procedures. 1. by arrangement with the comrade Dr. THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE Amin Hadad instructions have been given for Respectfully, August 12, 1994. the transfer of the required amount six mil- ——— ———, To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- lion US dollars. Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, nomic Council for Development and Re- 2. A notice has been received to the effect Development and Reconstruction. construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. It is forbidden to read this document with- that the amount has been received and en- Greetings of return tered in the personal account of the comrade out the special authorization of the Presi- Whereas the National Palestinian Author- Dr. Amin Hadad. dent. ity acts through the faithful palestinian ele- ments to build and execute the economic 3. He has given a commitment personal THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- projects and to help our people to progress that this project (according to the share) is THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, and to be self-sufficient in our local markets the property of the National Palestinian Au- August 25, 1994. thority. and to rely on our products provided by our To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- faithful people, therefore the comrade leader 4. He has given a commitment that he will nomic Council for Development and Re- Abu Amar has decided as follows: involve the maximum number of industrials construction (PEDCAR), Jerusalem. 1. To set a huge poultry farm on a space of in the city of Naplouse in this project. Greetings of return land of ten dounams. The place has already The matter: A Palestinian Corporation for Please convey to the comrade leader Presi- been chosen in the region of Beer Zeit (dis- importation of iron and steel. dent of the National Palestinian Authority trict of Ramallah). It will require the pur- about the execution of his order. According to the instruction of the re- markable leader the comrade Abu Amar chase of machines for . . . and whatever is Respectfully President of the National Palestinian Au- needed by the farmer in order to compete ——— ———, thority for the formation of a corporation with the international farms. Chairman. which shall start to import iron and steel 2. The capital of this farm shall be 1.5 mil- It is forbidden to read this document with- and to develop, the comrade leader has de- lion US dollars at the start. 3. The farm shall be managed by the press- out the special authorization of the Presi- cided to put the comrade Dr. Amin Haddad man Mr. Ibrahim Alkarain owner of the re- dent. in charge of this enterprise in the following view ‘‘Alawda’’ (The Return) and of the Pal- way: estine Press Office to him and his partners. THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- 1. A limited corporation shall be registered under the name of the Palestinian Corpora- We stress that the comrade leader Abu THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, Amar has the highest interest in the matter October 20, 1994. tion for importation of Iron and Steel Ltd. 2. The corporation shall be sited in the city as it will provide work to palestinians. To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- Respectfully nomic Council for Development and Re- of Naplus. 3. Its capital shall be twenty million US MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. dollars. Finance Minister. Greetings of return 4. The National Palestinian Authority In execution of the order of the comrade shall participate with a capital of 60% name- PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, leader Abu Amar the President of the Na- ly twelve million dollars and the balance DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- tional Palestinian Authority to bestow on shall be provided by shareholders (eight mil- TION (PECDAR), the comrade Dr. Amin Hadad the function of lion dollars). November 11, 1994. developing industries in Naplus and mainly 5. Activating the construction in the city To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi the soap industry and the antiques in the and putting to market with favorable prices Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. city and the neighbouring villages by found- iron and steel and also for local industrial We refer to your letter dated 19.11.1994 No. ing a corporation which will gather all organizations. M/30/266 and are to inform you immediately industrials in the city with a capital for an The comrade leader Abu Amar the Presi- that all the measures for the execution of amount of ten million US dollars in which dent of the National Palestinian Authority the instructions of the comrade leader Abu the National Authority shall participate stresses the acting in a speedy way in taking Amar President of the National Palestinian with six million dollars it being 60% of the the necessary measures in order to publicise Authority concerning the financing of the capital. this corporation in the region. Palestinian Press Office Review Alawda, as Respectfully We request to take the necessary measures follows: MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, for the setting of this corporation on the 1. The necessary informations have been Finance Minister. aforesaid conditions. The National Authority obtained from the pressman Ibrahim shall be represented by Dr. Amin Hadad in Tlkarain on his personal account in France PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, his name and on behalf of persons from our he and his partners Remonde Altaweel. DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- 2. The transfer has been effected of 2.5 mil- staff reliable and having a good name. TION (PECDAR), lion American dollars. In accordance with the desire of the com- September 8, 1994. 3. The bank has confirmed receipt of the rade leader Abu Amar President of the Na- To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi transfer. tional Palestinian Authority, the amount of Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. 4. The way of transfer is sophisticated and six million US dollars should be diligently Greetings of Return. the other party cannot in any way discover paid in a due way. Referring to your letter dated 12.8.1994 No. the way and style which has been taken in Respectfully MP/30/85 which includes the decree by the the transfer. MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, comrade leader Abu Amar concerning the 5. We have received an excessively impor- Finance Minister. setting and founding of a poultry farm in tant letter from the comrade Remonda

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Altaweel confirming receipt of the whole THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- amount and thanking the comrade and be- THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, loved father Mr. Yasser Arafat ‘‘Abu Amar’’ August 5, 1994. August 25, 1994. with thanks from the Palestinian diaspora in To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- France. nomic Council for Development and Re- nomic Council for Development and Re- Please inform the comrade Abu Amar construction (PECDAR), Jerusalem. construction (PECDAR)—Jerusalem. president of the National Authority that his Greetings of return. Greetings of return. orders have been executed properly. Following our letter dated 7.8.1994 No. MN/ Respectfully, In pursuance to our letter dated 15.8.1994 30/75 in the same matter on the basis of ——— ———, No. MF/30/93 (Dr. Ahmad Tiby) I am to in- building the auxiliary apparatus, the com- Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, form you that the comrade leader Abu Amar rade leader Abu Amar has decided that the Development and Reconstruction (PEDCAR). has instructed me to convey to you his de- activity of the National Palestinian Author- sire for the construction of dwelling flats in ity should spread inside Israel and con- the Arab Jerusalem and its suburbs in build- THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- centrate on the Arabs and inland Palestin- ings of ten flats each or more in accordance THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, ians and that this function should rest on November 19, 1994. with the Town Planning Law (authorized) the comrade Dr. Ahmad Tiby and the com- To the Chairman of the Palestinian Eco- and that for this purpose an amount of rades ought to be chosen from among the nomic Council for Development and Re- twelve million US dollars should be assigned members of the Knesseth, the Municipal and construction (PEDCAR), Jerusalem. and the project should not be registered in Greetings of return. Local Councils, the philanthropic organiza- the name of the National Palestinian Au- Whereas the National Palestinian Author- tions, the cooperatives, the villages and the thority lest it would attract reactions from ity encourages the saying of truth which churches in view of gaining their collabora- the other party which will be difficult for us stands above all, and encourages the develop- tion in achieving the following: to solve. Therefore, it shall be arranged as ment of a Palestinian press and journalists 1. Helping the various parties which sup- follows: that they utter the truth with no fear of any port the foundation of the Palestinian State 1. The comrade Dr. Ahmad Tiby shall be danger anywhere and pursue the enemies of which will include Jerusalem. responsible for the setting of this commis- the homeland and unveil them to the public, 2. Helping such local councils as are suf- sion with reliable people under his chairman- therefore the comrade leader has proclaimed fering from financial deficit. ship. as follows: 3. Contributing to the philanthropic and 2. There is no objection to the participa- 1. The Palestinian Press Office shall sup- cooperative associations. tion in this project of landlords who wish so. port the comrade journalist Ibrahim 3. An architectural tactic shall be followed Alkarain, the owner of the office which is 4. Contributing to the village councils. whereby, if circumstances allow that, the sited in Arab Jerusalem, the capital of Pal- 5. Contributing to the bishops and religious same maps shall be used so that the building estine (Journal of the Return) and helping persons who lead the churches of various in all regions will be similar. him to purchase modern printing machines communities. and sophisticated computers and the pur- 6. For these activities an amount of twenty 3.The moves of the commission should not chase of press offices and providing for pay- million US dollars shall be immediately re- attract any attention. ments of employees and pressmen. served. Please deal with the matter in the most se- 2. The center of the said office shall be in As it was mentioned in my previous letter cret way due to its sensitiveness and to the the Arab Jerusalem, the capital of the state the comrade leader Abu Amar recommends position of the comrade Dr. Ahmad Tiby in of Palestine. that the activities of the said committee the region. 3. A preliminary amount of 2.5 million US should not be noticed by the public and they Respectfully, dollars shall be provided in installments to should be far and away from journalists and MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, be decided on. Finance Minister. 4. A financial arrangement shall be pro- statesmen. vided to expend the amount in a way which Respectfully, PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL will be convenient to (him). MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY, (PECDAR) Please take the necessary steps to execute Finance Minister. August 17, 1994. the aforesaid and have us informed. To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi Respectfully, PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. MUHAMMAD ZUHDI ALNASHASHIBY. DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- TION (PECDAR) Greetings of Return. PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC COUNCIL, August 31, 1994. With reference to your letter dated 7.8.1994 DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUC- To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi No. MP/30/75 relating to the decree of the TION (PECDAR), Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. leader comrade Abu Amar concerning the August 23, 1994. Greetings of Return. setting of a land corporation sited in the city To the comrade Mohammad Zuhdi Referring to your letter dated 25.8.1994 No. of Jerusalem which will specialize in pur- Alnashashiby, Finance Minister—Gaza. MP/30/111 concerning the building of dwelling chasing lands in Arab Jerusalem (Eastern) Greetings of return. flats in Arab Jerusalem and its suburbs by the capital of the Palestinian State with the Referring to your letter dated 15.8.1994 No. decree of the leader comrade Abu Amar and will of God and in the Old City, we are to in- MP/30/1994 which includes the matter of the assigning the matter to Dr. Ahmad Tiby form you the following: decree promulgated by the comrade leader with direct responsibility we are to clarify 1. We have contacted the comrade Dr. Abu Amar concerning the ‘‘inland Palestin- the following: Ahmad Tiby and have obtained from him the ians’’ from among members of the Knesseth bank informations and the way and style and parties and philanthropic and coopera- 1. The transfer of the amount of twelve which he prefers for the transfer of the re- tive organizations and local councils and pri- million dollars in the same way is not easy quired amount at the inception of this vate councils and churches ‘‘helps and con- now. project. tributions’’ and that this matter should be 2. Half of the amount may be transferred held directly and intensively by the brother immediately (namely six million dollars) and 2. The method of transfer of the amount is Dr. Ahmad Tiby, we are to inform you as fol- the other half may be paid after a month sophisticated and convincing. The other lows: from today. party will never be able, to discover the way and method whereby the transfer is effected. 1. We have contacted Dr. Ahmad Tiby who 3. The comrade Dr. Ahmad Tiby has con- has visited our office personally and he pre- sented to divide the amount and has affirmed 3. We have contacted the bank to which fers not to talk on the telephone. that there is no urgency now and no preju- the transfer has been effected and it has con- 2. He has assured us of the necessity to dice will come out of the postponing. firmed its receipt. pursue the transfer in the same way. Please convey the actual picture to the Please assure the comrade leader Abu 3. We should inform him by code of the re- Amar that the matter has been executed pre- ceipt of the amount in his account special comrade leader Abu Amar and clarify that the amount of six million dollars has been cisely and most secretly. abroad. Respectfully, 4. The amount has been transferred and en- brought in the account of the comrade Dr. Tiby when this letter will reach you. ——— ———, tered in his account in due form. Chairman. Please inform the comrade leader Abu Respectfully, Amar that the matter has been effected in ——— ———, It is forbidden to read this document with- the most secret way due to the sensitivity of Chairman, Palestinian Economic Council, out the special authorization of the Presi- the operations. Development and Reconstruction. dent Respectfully, It is forbidden to read this document with- ——— ———, out the special authorization of the Presi- THE NATIONAL PALESTINIAN AU- Chairman. dent. THORITY, MINISTRY OF FINANCE,

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The decision to throw a cloak sequently jeopardize the peace process and tion of Russian pressure to influence deci- of secrecy over this report probably the good name of the Palestinian Authority sions regarding the path of pipelines that was not related to the fact that it was in the international circles by the (missing will carry Azerbaijan oil; submitted just a few days after his word) and mainly the American administra- (3) Russian efforts or agreements to as- tion; sume partial or complete responsibility for Washington summit with President Therefore the comrade leader has decided securing the borders of countries other than Yeltsin. I am only speculating here, as follows: Russia, using troops of the Russian Ministry but perhaps the administration did not 1. To found a land corporation which will of Defense, Ministry of the Interior or any want to embarrass President Yeltsin, be sited in Jerusalem, which will purchase other security agency of the Russian Federa- although it is not clear that he would lands in East Jerusalem and in the Old City tion; have been embarrassed at all. Just and only in the name of this corporation. (4) Russian efforts to integrate its armed 2. The capital of the corporation shall be prior to the summit, President Yeltsin forces, other security forces, or intelligence embraced a Russian Foreign Intel- fifteen million american dollars at the start. agencies with those of any other country and 3. The manager of the chairman of the the relationship of such efforts to the devel- ligence Service report calling for re- board will be Dr. Ahmad Tiby and the mem- opment of institutions under the Common- integration of the former Soviet repub- bers of the Board will be the following: wealth of Independent States; and lic into a single economic and defense 1. Bassam Tcdel Hameed Alsa’ih, 2. Haj (5) Russian compliance with the Treaty on zone, complete with a unified military Faiz tk’ubaidy, 3. Abd Abu Diyab, 4. The law- Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and command and a Russian nuclear um- yer Ali Guzlan, 5. Abdel Rauf Abu Assab the Organization on Security and Coopera- (Abu Kaid), 6. Haj Tewfik Abu Zahra. brella. tion in Europe’s Code of Conduct on the Po- Perhaps the administration was wor- We stress that it is the desire of the com- litico-Military Aspects of Security. rade leader Abu Amar that the meetings of ried about being embarrassed itself this group should be held secretly and its ac- Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, early last given its acquiescence to Russia mili- tivities should not be noticed and it should year, Mr. President, the Senate adopt- tary adventures. keep its documents and registries away from ed an amendment I offered to require In any case—no need to speculate the other party. the President to submit a report on the about this—the decision to classify the Respectfully, revised Russian military doctrine and report from cover to cover has pre- ——— ———. Russian military operations outside vented Congress from conducting a Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, if nobody Russia’s border. complete public debate about Russian else is seeking recognition, I suggest The report was necessary because actions and the administration’s policy the absence of a quorum. Russia has been engaging in a system- toward Russia, and it has prevented the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The atic effort to regain effective control American people from becoming fully clerk will call the roll. over the countries that formerly made informed on these matters. The assistant legislative clerk pro- up the Soviet Union. The tools Moscow And so I am offering an amendment ceeded to call the roll. has been using in this effort have in- today to require that the report be de- Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I ask cluded economic, political, and mili- classified to the maximum extent pos- unanimous consent that the order for tary, including blatant military inter- sible. The amendment also requires the quorum call be rescinded. vention and covert military actions. submission of an addendum, unclassi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Moscow fomented secessionist war on fied to the maximum extent possible, objection, it is so ordered. Georgia, bringing the government of updating the information in the report. AMENDMENT NO. 2724 Eduard Shevardnadze to the brink of Among the more recent issues that Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I send an defeat. Once Moscow had coerced him need to be addressed in the addendum amendment to the desk and ask for its to capitulate to its demands to join the are the agreement Prime Minister immediate consideration. Commonwealth of Independent States Chernomyrdin signed last October to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and give Moscow permanent military withdraw Russian troops from Moldova objection, the pending amendment will bases, Russian troops rushed in to keep within 3 years, which Moscow now be set aside. The clerk will report. the peace. seeks to nullify by pressuring Moldova The assistant legislative clerk read In Moldova, Russian troops assisted for permanent basing rights. There as follows: ethnic Russian secessionists establish a have been further coup attempts in self-proclaimed independent republic Azerbaijan in which Moscow might The Senator from Maine [Mr. COHEN] pro- poses an amendment numbered 2724. sandwiched between Moldova and have had a hand as part of its intense Ukraine’s western border. effort to compel Azerbaijan to ship its Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I ask In oil-rich Azerbaijan, Russian troops oil through a Russian pipeline. Moscow unanimous consent that reading of the provided assistance to rebel forces that continues its pressures to unify the de- amendment be dispensed with. overthrew the democratically elected fense policies of the newly independent The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without government and then may have sup- states, with President Yeltsin person- objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows: ported coup efforts against the new ally endorsing the effort just last week. government once it refused to succumb And Moscow seems intent on blatantly At an appropriate place in the bill, insert the following new section: to Moscow’s effort to dictate to it on violating the Treaty on Conventional oil policies. Armed Forces in Europe, the so-called SEC. . REPORT ON RUSSIAN MILITARY OPER- ATIONS. Russian troops are heavily involved CFE Treaty, which the administration (a) No later than three months after the in the civil war in Tajikistan and pa- has called the cornerstone of post-cold- date of enactment of this act, the President trol the borders of Tajikistan and Ar- war European military stability but

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14014 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 which the administration is not pro- establishment and maintenance of of- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The posing to amend in response to Russian fices for both agencies. The bill in its pending amendment is No. 2712 offered threats to abandon the treaty. current form allocates $5 million for by the Senator from Alaska. Ironically, the Russians now object. both agencies to establish and main- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, so my After having negotiated and signed and tain offices. It is my understanding understanding is that for any amend- ratified the CFE treaty—they now ob- that this appropriation is to be split ment offered there has to be unani- ject to its provisions. evenly between the Federal Bureau of mous consent to lay aside that amend- So, clearly, the need for a well in- Investigation and the Secret Service, ment. Is that correct? formed public debate is greater today $2.5 million per agency. I realize that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- than when the Senate voted on this this was the intent of the sub- ator is correct. committee and I merely wanted the op- last year, calling for the President’s re- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask port. The amendment I offer would en- portunity to ensure that the RECORD accurately reflects this appropriation. unanimous consent to set the amend- sure that such a debate can take place ment aside. in Congress, in the media, and in other Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there public fora. So I urge my colleagues to Senator from New York is correct, and objection? accept, or if not accept, adopt the I thank him for his concern. This ap- amendment. propriation is intended to fund the es- Mr. McCONNELL. Objection. Mr. McCONNELL. I thank the Sen- tablishment and maintenance of offices The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- ator from Maine for bringing up a real- for the Federal Bureau of Investigation tion is heard. ly, I think, significant issue, just the and the Secret Service. The intent of Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I continued presence of Russian troops the subcommittee is for these funds to might say I would like to discuss the in the former Soviet Republics, and be split evenly between the two agen- matter with Senator HARKIN. For the how that intimidates those young de- cies. I understand the ambiguity of the time being I would object to laying the wording in the bill and I hope this dia- mocracies. amendment aside until I see what he So I think the amendment of the log will answer any questions or uncer- would like to achieve. tainties. Senator is very well advised. This is Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I have a Mr. D’AMATO. I thank my friend and the kind of information, it seems to colleague for that clarification. I feel sense-of-the-Senate resolution which I me, that ought to be shared. I com- the importance and immediacy of fill- am going to offer on the bill at some mend him for his amendment and I am ing these law enforcement positions point. I figured since there was a lull in prepared to support it. I am aware of should not be delayed to bureaucratic the proceedings, we do not need to take no opposition on this side. debate on the amount of funds awarded much time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to the different agencies. Senator FEINGOLD and I have an ator from Vermont. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I amendment which we would enter into Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have suggest the absence of a quorum. a time agreement on. It is a sense-of- earlier discussed his amendment with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the-Senate resolution. I figured there the Senator from Maine. There is much clerk will call the roll. was no one else doing anything around I find very appealing, for a number of The legislative clerk proceeded to noontime. the reasons that he has laid out. There call roll. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I have been just a couple of questions Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I would be happy during the quorum to raised on this side. I wonder if we ask unanimous consent that the order discuss with the Senator from Iowa might delay any action just for a few for the quorum call be rescinded. what he has in mind. Maybe I would more minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. not have an action to laying aside the What I am going to do is suggest the THOMAS). Without objection, it is so or- current amendment. I would like to absence of a quorum, but it will be only dered. have a sense of what we are doing here. for a very few—I see the chairman may AMENDMENT NO. 2724 Mr. President, I suggest the absence have something else to say about it. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, we of a quorum. But I suggest, in a few more minutes have now cleared the Cohen amend- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The we may be able to resolve this whole ment on both sides. I am not aware of clerk will call the roll. issue. I am sure that would be agree- any need for further debate. able to the Senator from Maine. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, as I noted The legislative clerk proceeded to Mr. COHEN. I have no objection. earlier, I support the Cohen amend- call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment. I wanted to doublecheck with a Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask ator from Kentucky. couple of people on this side. I appre- unanimous consent that the order for Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, let ciate the Senator from Maine and the the quorum call be rescinded. me say in conclusion on the Cohen Senator from Kentucky delaying ac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without amendment, I think Senator KERRY tion while we did that. That checking objection, it is so ordered. will be here shortly to, as well, offer an has been done. PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR amendment upon which a rollcall will I compliment the Senator from Maine on his amendment. It is accept- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask be required. unanimous consent that floor privi- Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I rise able on this side. The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there leges be granted to Stephanie Eglinton, to discuss with the chairman of the a Javits fellow currently on Senator subcommittee an issue of importance is further debate, the question is on BIDEN’s staff, for the duration of debate regarding the opening of offices for the agreeing to the amendment of the Sen- ator from Maine. on the Foreign Operations Appropria- Federal Bureau of Investigation and tions Act. the Secret Service in the triborder area The amendment (No. 2724) was agreed The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. to. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I objection, it is so ordered. This area has been identified as ex- move to reconsider the vote by which tremely dangerous with criminal and Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I the amendment was agreed to. suggest the absence of a quorum. terrorist elements running rampant in Mr. LEAHY. I move to lay that mo- the area. Today’s organized terrorist The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion on the table. clerk will call the roll. and criminal organizations are inter- The motion to lay on the table was The legislative clerk proceeded to national in nature and the presence of agreed to. these agencies is of paramount impor- Mr. HARKIN addressed the Chair. call the roll. tance to the security of the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I States and its elected officials. The ator from Iowa. ask unanimous consent that the order subcommittee, in its deliberations saw Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, par- for the quorum call be rescinded. the preponderance of these criminal ac- liamentary inquiry: What is the situa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tivities and appropriated funds for the tion before the Senate right now? objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14015 Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I (6) the House of Representatives appointed day they have not even met. And they say to my friend from Iowa, would he conferees on September 7, 1995, 168 days after have not even scheduled a day to meet. be agreeable to vote on a motion to both Houses of the Congress had passed line Imagine that? Passed the House on item veto legislation; table his amendment at a quarter to 1? (7) with the passage of time, it increasingly February 6. It passed here on March 23. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- appears that the Congress may pass and send They appointed the conferees 168 days sent that there be a vote on the Harkin to the President not only the appropriations later. Still have not even met. Unfortu- amendment, on or in relation to the bills for fiscal year 1996 but also the rec- nately, we have just 10 days before the Harkin amendment at 12:45. onciliation bill required by H. Con. Res. 67 end of the fiscal year. And we are not The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there (the concurrent resolution setting forth the much further than we were a half-year objection? The Chair hears none, and it congressional budget for fiscal years 1996, ago toward passing a line-item veto. 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002) without is so ordered. Mr. President, I must confess, I am a Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Senator. first passing and sending to the President a line item veto bill; little confused. I thought this was sup- Mr. President, did I understand the (8) it is now only 9 days until the end of the posed to be priority legislation of the unanimous consent that there would be fiscal year when the fiscal year 1996 appro- majority party. I thought we needed it a tabling motion at quarter to 1 with priation bills need to become law in order to now—not next month, not next year, no amendments to my amendment? avoid disruption of the Government services; not next decade, but now. And I The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is and thought I heard that the line-item veto a vote ordered on the amendment or in (9) the conferees on S. 4 still have not met. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense was too important to take a back seat relation to the amendment at 12:45. of the Senate that— to partisan politics. Mr. McCONNELL. I might say to the (1) the conferees on S. 4 should meet by Well, I know what the cynics might Senator from Iowa, it would be my in- September 26; say, ‘‘Wait a second. I know what is tention to offer a motion to table at (2) the conferees should expeditiously re- going on here. The majority does not that point. solve the differences between the 2 bills in sufficient time for the House of Representa- want to hand this new power over to a Mr. HARKIN. A plain motion to Democratic President.’’ table? tives and the Senate to consider the con- I have to say that could not be the Mr. McCONNELL. Yes, a plain mo- ference report on S. 4 prior to the time the President is required to act upon the first case. After all, on the day that the tion to table. fiscal year 1996 appropriation bill; and line-item veto passed the House, the Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, could we (3) if the conferees do not complete action Speaker of the House, Speaker GING- ask unanimous consent that no other on the conference report in time to allow for RICH said: motions or amendments be in order? the House of Representatives and Senate to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there consider the conference report prior to the It does show our sincerity, I think, that we objection? time the President is required to act upon are prepared to deal with giving President Mr. McCONNELL. I have no objec- the fiscal year 1996 appropriation bills, S. 4 Clinton increased power because we think it is good for America. tion. should, to the extent possible, contain provi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sions making the provisions of S. 4 applica- On the day the legislation passed the ble to the fiscal year 1996 appropriation bills Senate, our majority leader, Senator objection, it is so ordered. and the 1995 reconciliation bill. Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Chair. I DOLE, said: Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, this res- thank the floor managers. During the 1980’s, opponents of the line- olution provides that the conferees AMENDMENT NO. 2725 item veto used to say that Republicans sup- meet on the line-item legislation by ported it only because a Republican hap- (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate next Tuesday, September 26. pened to be President at the time. With the on the conference on S. 4., the Line-Item This sense-of-the-Senate amendment passage of this measure we hope to dispel Veto Act) provides that Congress move forward that myth once and for all. We believe that Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I have and send the line-item veto legislation any President of the United States, as Chief an amendment I send to the desk and to the President expeditiously. It calls Executive, should be given more power to re- ask for its immediate consideration on on the conferees, as I said, to meet by duce Federal spending. . . . Now we are in the behalf of myself, Senator FEINGOLD, next Tuesday, and further calls on the majority, and we are prepared . . . to give this authority to a Democratic President. Senator DORGAN, and Senator BRAD- conferees to resolve their differences LEY. and bring a conference report to the So, Mr. President, this could not cer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The floor in time for the President to use tainly be about partisan politics. This clerk will report. the authority of the line-item veto on could not be about a Republican Con- The legislative clerk read as follows: the first fiscal year 1996 appropriations gress and Democratic President. So let The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HARKIN], for bills. And if the conferees do not com- us move forward. himself, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. DORGAN, and Mr. plete action by that time, the amend- Now, Mr. President, I do not think BRADLEY, proposes an amendment numbered ment provides that it is the sense of that the line-item veto is a panacea for 2725: the Senate that the conferees should everything. I had concerns and still The amendment is as follows: include a provision to make it effective have some concerns about it. But I also At the appropriate place, insert the fol- for the fiscal year 1996 bills already see the huge job we face in responsibly lowing: signed. balancing the budget. I believe the SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE ON THE CON- Mr. President, this body passed a time has come to use all the tools we FERENCE ON S. 4., THE LINE ITEM have. And the line-item veto is one of VETO ACT. line-item veto bill on March 23. The (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— other body passed it on February 6. It those tools. We need every effective (1) the line item veto was a major plank in was part of their so-called 100-day Con- tool to weed out the wasteful spending the House majority’s ‘‘Contract With Amer- tract With America. But we had to and cut the pork and not the people. It ica’’ and has received strong bipartisan sup- wait not 100 days, or 130, or 140, or 150, will help this country reach a balanced port in the 104th Congress; we had to wait 168 days for the other budget more easily and hopefully more (2) the House of Representatives on Feb- quickly. ruary 6, 1995, passed H.R. 2, the Line Item body just to appoint conferees. Veto Act of 1995, on a vote of 294–134; One of the major items that they Let me repeat the words of the ma- (3) the Senate on March 23, 1995, passed S. wanted—it took them 168 days just to jority leader. 4, the Separate Enrollment and Line Item appoint conferees. Days rolled by, We all believe that any President of the Veto Act of 1995, on a vote of 69–29; weeks rolled by, months rolled by. Still United States, as Chief Executive, should be (4) the House of Representatives passed S. no conferees. Finally, on August 1 Sen- given more power to reduce Federal spend- 4, with the text of H.R. 2 inserted, by voice ator DORGAN proposed a sense-of-the- ing. If we cannot control ourselves—maybe vote on May 17, 1995, 50 days after passage by Senate resolution calling on the other the Chief Executive can help. the Senate; I believe that the conferees and the (5) notwithstanding the failure of the body to appoint conferees on the line- House of Representatives to request a con- item veto legislation. It passed on a congressional leadership owe the Amer- ference, the Senate disagreed with the House vote of 83–14 in this Senate. ican people a proposal that will pass amendment, requested a conference, and ap- And on September 7, the conferees the House and the Senate and be sent pointed conferees on S. 4 on June 20, 1995; were finally appointed. But to this very to the President so he has the ability

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 to exercise the line-item veto on appro- and it remains stalled. The other body suggest that the line-item delay is par- priate provisions in the 13 appropria- did not ask for a conference committee tisan. And in doing so, it also expresses tions bill that we are now passing. It until mid-May, and it was a month be- clear support to allow the President to can and should be done. Let us have a fore the Senate appointed conferees. begin to exercise the kind of specific conference report before the House and Until last week the other body had still budget pruning that many of us feel is the Senate by the end of this month so to appoint its own conferees. a necessary response to the budget this President can exercise the line- Now, Mr. President, some have sug- abuses that do persist in this year’s ap- item veto that the majority party has gested that the failure of the other propriations bills. Pork did not end in said for so long that they want to give body to appoint conferees in a timely this place on November 8. I have a sus- to the President. manner and the general slowing down picion it increased over the 103d Con- Mr. President, I yield the floor. of the measure was partisan in nature, gress. Mr. FEINGOLD addressed the Chair. the delay was a deliberate effort by Just last month, my friend and col- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- leadership to deny President Clinton league, Senator MCCAIN, who has ator from Wisconsin. an effective budget tool during this helped form a number of colleagues Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the Chair, very crucial period of time when we into a group of pork busters, took to and I especially thank my colleague have to consider appropriations bills the floor and specifically identified a and friend from Iowa, Mr. HARKIN, who and reconciliation and the overriding number of problems with the fiscal has taken the lead on this. I am de- need to balance the budget as soon as year 1996 defense appropriations bill. lighted to participate with him, along possible. He mentioned an appropriation of $20 with the Senator from North Dakota, I hope this is not the case. Certainly million to fund an unauthorized trans- Mr. DORGAN, and the Senator from New in this body it has to be said that one fer of federally owned educational fa- Jersey, Mr. BRADLEY, in expressing the of the leading proponents of the line- cilities on military installations to sense of the Senate that the conferees item veto has been the senior Senator local education agencies. on S. 4, the line-item veto bill, should, from Arizona [Mr. MCCAIN], a Repub- He mentioned a transfer that was not by September 26, expeditiously resolve lican. Now, I know he supports moving even reviewed by the Armed Services the differences of the two Houses in rapidly on this question and to give Committee. He mentioned a $1 million time to consider the conference report this President this new authority in earmark for the marine and environ- on S. 4 prior to the President needing time to address this year’s budget mental research and training station, to sign the fiscal year 1996 appropria- measures. also unauthorized, and he mentioned tions bills and also this year’s rec- It has been my privilege to work with that this was contrary to the wishes of onciliation bill. Senator MCCAIN on a number of reform the Navy. If the conferees do not complete ac- measures including a number that tar- Senator MCCAIN also mentioned the tion on the conference report in time get these very budget practices that granting of authority for the Coast to allow Congress to consider the re- tend to load up our bills with pork and Guard to draw $300 million from the de- port, prior to the President signing of they cannot be eliminated because of fense business operations fund, a new the fiscal year 1996 appropriations bills the lack of a line-item veto. I was espe- authority that I am informed was not and this year’s reconciliation bill, as cially pleased that an amendment we considered by the Armed Services Com- the Senator from Iowa pointed out, offered to the line-item veto bill relat- mittee. this amendment further expresses the ing to emergency appropriations was So, Mr. President, there are many ex- sense of the Senate that the line-item also included in the Senate version of amples, but these are good examples of veto conference report should, to the the measure. So this also is dependent the kinds of provisions that could and extent possible, contain provisions on moving quickly on the line-item should be eliminated with the appro- making the bill applicable to the fiscal veto issue. priate application of the line-item year 1996 appropriations bills and the Senator MCCAIN is committed to veto, and there are equally good can- 1995 reconciliation bill. Simply stated budget reform. And I believe many of didates for line-item veto review by the it would give this President, President his Republican colleagues in this body President in other appropriations bills Clinton, the opportunity to clean out share that commitment. I believe that as well. some of the pork in the bills that we they are ready and willing to provide I do not think any fairminded person may pass in next few weeks this year President Clinton with the line-item would suggest that this year’s crop of instead of having to wait until next veto authority in time to exercise it appropriations bills is sufficiently pure year. during this budget cycle. of budgetary mischief that the line- Mr. President, the Senate passed S. 4, However, Mr. President, as I noted, it item veto authority should be post- the Line-Item Veto Act of 1995 on was not until last week that the other poned until next year. There is plenty March 23, many months ago. A few body finally appointed conferees that that needs to be taken out now. weeks earlier, in early February, the allowed Congress the opportunity to That should be reason enough to act other body had passed their own come to an agreement on this impor- on a line-item veto in a timely manner, version of this important legislation. tant issue and give this President, but I also believe there is another, pos- And this was trumpeted quite loudly President Clinton, the flexibility that sibly more important reason for acting throughout the country as one of the he needs to shape this Federal budget. quickly, and it goes to the heart of the leading items in the so-called Contract With the fiscal year almost at an end, original line-item veto debate. With America. For something other and work on various appropriations Mr. President, I supported the line- than an emergency appropriations bill, bills and reconciliation measures item veto measure as it passed this that was very rapid consideration, and scheduled to be completed in the next body, and hope to support a conference I would say in this case rightly so. few weeks, this delay in hammering committee agreement as well, but the The line-item veto proposal, in one out a line-item veto measure may well question is a very close one for me. form or another, in my view, could be jeopardize our ability to provide Presi- I have deep concerns about the poten- a useful tool to help reduce the Federal dent Clinton with this very important tial abuse of an overly expansive line- deficit and balance the Federal budget additional authority. item veto authority. and more importantly to bring reform This amendment we are offering In Wisconsin, we have seen the abuse to the whole budget process. Indeed the today speaks to this very issue by ex- of an overly broad veto authority by a line-item veto was part of the so-called pressing the sense of the Senate that if number of Governors, and it is safe to Contract With America agenda and ini- a new line-item veto authority is cre- say that no one anticipated the extent tially being given this kind of expe- ated, that this President be able to act of those abuses when the line-item veto dited treatment. on that authority on this year’s appro- authority was first contemplated. But, Mr. President, the expedited priations measures and this year’s rec- The current Governor, Governor treatment of the line-item veto ended onciliation bill. Thompson, has used the veto authority some time ago. The line-item veto bill This amendment allows Members to not only to rewrite entire laws, but to began to slow and eventually it stalled go on record to refute those who would increase spending and increase taxes.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14017 In the hands of a President, that kind Mr. BYRD. I would like to have They decided that we should buy of abusive authority would not only de- about 5 days on it, but since you only trucks that the Defense Department feat the intent of those who have advo- have 5 minutes, that will be fine. says we do not need; we should buy cated expanded veto authority, it could Mr. MCCONNELL. The Senator from submarines the Defense Department well upset the checks and balances so West Virginia will have the last 5 min- says we do not want; we should buy jet carefully designed by the Framers of utes before the vote, at which point I fighter planes that the Defense Depart- the Constitution. be recognized to make a motion to ment did not ask for. That is the potential peril of the line- table. And the hood ornament, in my judg- item veto, and I believe it is shared by Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to ment, on all of the pork that exists in many of my colleagues who supported object, since we have about 20 minutes these bills, especially that bill, was in S. 4 as it passed the Senate. left for debate, I wonder if we can at the Defense authorization bill. Some- If the cynics are right, and the line- least equally divide whatever time is one wrote in, with no hearings and no item veto measure is being deliberately remaining. discussion, that we should buy blimps, stalled to gain partisan advantage by Mr. MCCONNELL. I think that will $60 million to buy blimps in the De- denying a Democratic President the be fine, divide the remaining time until fense authorization bill. It apparently opportunity to use this new tool, then 10 minutes to 1 evenly. is the Hindenburg strategy of defense. there may be real cause for concern The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there It demonstrates that hot air exists all about what the end product of the con- objection? Without objection, it is so over this town, even in the bowels of ference committee will be. ordered. the Defense authorization bill to spend Partisan political advantage is an ir- Mr. DORGAN addressed the Chair. $60 million without a hearing and with- responsible and reckless basis on which The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- out thoughtful discussion to buy to establish this additional authority ator from North Dakota. blimps. for the President. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, may I I speak only as one, but I guess I A new line-item veto authority craft- inquire of the Senator from Iowa if I ed on such a foundation may well be would like to see when the Defense au- might speak for 5 minutes? thorization committee or Appropria- susceptible to being overly broad, and Mr. HARKIN. How much time do we tions Committee says, ‘‘Let’s buy one that is subject to Presidential have, Mr. President? trucks’’ that we do not need, that abuse when the authority is finally The PRESIDING OFFICER. There somebody might be able to say, ‘‘Well, granted. are 20 minutes remaining, and each I’m going to veto that line. There is no Instead of fashioning a useful tool to side has 10 minutes. sense buying trucks we don’t need for help shape a better, learner budget, a Mr. HARKIN. I yield 5 minutes to the the military.’’ line-item veto authority that is driven Senator. by partisan considerations could dra- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, it is Or when somebody says, ‘‘let’s buy matically shift the balance of power very rare these days that I disagree blimps,’’ without a hearing on why we between the legislative and executive with my friend, the distinguished Sen- need blimps to defend America, maybe branches that was so carefully crafted ator from West Virginia, Senator someone can get out a veto pen and by the Framers of the Constitution. BYRD. I have watched him on the floor, say, ‘‘I’m sorry, in the interest of the Mr. President, I very much view our and he almost always comes to the American taxpayer, that is something amendment as an insurance policy floor right on the bull’s eye of an issue. we ought not do.’’ That is why a line- against just such a disaster. In this case, however, we have a dis- item veto makes sense; you can go into If the Republican-controlled con- agreement. He will no doubt speak elo- those bills and do it. ference committee knows that a Presi- quently, as he does, in his opposition to In the recent defense bill, they resur- dent of the opposing party is to have the line-item veto, but I reached a dif- rect star wars. They have $300 million this new expanded authority, they will ferent conclusion on this issue. to build a new star wars project with be less likely to structure a line-item I voted for and supported a line-item an accelerated deployment in 1999. The veto that would allow the kind of abuse veto when President Reagan was Presi- President says, ‘‘That does not make we have seen in Wisconsin. dent, believing as a Democrat that this any sense. In my judgment, it is an And the taxpayers are doubly win- President, President Reagan, ought to awful waste of the taxpayers’ money.’’ ners. have a line-item veto. I felt the same If the President had the line-item veto, First, because a modest line-item way and voted the same way when the President could go into that appro- veto authority will be exercised all the President Bush was President, and I priations bill and just veto the line for sooner. star wars, veto the line that says, And second, because future Presi- feel the same way now that President Clinton is President. ‘‘Let’s spend $300 million we don’t have dents of either party will not become to build something we don’t need.’’ backdoor emperors that can dictate to The Senator from Iowa says, ‘‘Let’s I would like the President to have Congress. get moving.’’ We passed a line-item Mr. President, I urge my colleagues veto bill, the Senate passed a line-item that veto power. Why does he not have to support this amendment, to dem- veto bill, it is in the Contract With it? Because we have a lot of folks who onstrate to cynics that at least this America, and yet it has been stalled. are stalling and foot dragging. They body is sincere in its support of a line- Why? I assume it has been stalled be- talk about the line-item veto, but they item veto, and to ensure that this cause some folks want to talk about it really do not believe in it. Had they be- year’s budget gets the kind of thorough more than they want to do it. They lieved in it, they would have brought review to which taxpayers are entitled. prefer that a line-item veto be given to that back from conference. I will conclude by saying that I see a Republican President but not a Mr. President, do you know some- that the Senator from North Dakota, Democratic President. thing? They have not even been to con- who has been a great leader on this Let me describe to you why I think a ference—have not even been to con- issue, is here. I defer to him at this line-item veto might be appropriate for ference. Month after month after point, given the limited time that is the interest of the taxpayers in this month they roar and bellow around available. country. We recently had a Defense bill here having press conferences and all Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the on the floor of the Senate, both an au- kinds of charades on the steps of the Chair. thorization bill and an appropriations Capitol talking about what they stand The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bill. If you take a look at the Defense for, what they fight for. The fact is, ator from Kentucky. bill, No. 1, it spent $7 billion more than what they fight for is evident on the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, this the Department said they wanted to floor of the Senate and the House. vote is currently scheduled for quarter defend this country. In other words, They do not fight so hard for the line- to 1. I ask unanimous consent that the the Defense Department said, ‘‘Here item veto. Apparently, they are willing vote occur at 10 minutes to 1 and are our needs for defense purposes,’’ to pass it and talk about it, but they that—how much time does the Senator and then the Senate added $7 billion are not ever willing to go to con- from West Virginia desire? more. ference.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 The Senator from Iowa is saying, let as anybody, to oppose many of the ef- line-item veto can be given to the us get this thing to conference, get it forts being made by Senators on both President by legislation. I think that it back and get it done. If you believe in sides of the aisle, and Members on both would require a constitutional amend- it, as you say you do, join us, let us fin- sides of the Capitol, to cut or emas- ment to give the President a line-item ish the job. Let us give this President culate vital programs. Some programs veto. We cannot change the Constitu- the opportunity with the line-item need to be cut. Some funding programs tion of the United States by legisla- veto to write a line through some need to be reduced. Some, perhaps, tion—resolution or otherwise. Now, blimps, strike a line through some star need to be eliminated. But I think that this is just a sense-of-the-Senate wars, get rid of some trucks, yes, even we are going too far in some of the amendment and, therefore, it will not get rid of a few submarines that this things that are being advocated by the have much impact anyhow. However, it country does not need and is now going party that is now in control of both is the wrong direction in which to to apparently ask the taxpayers to pay Houses. move. for it. I expect to see the President use his Mr. President, Nero, the Roman Em- That is why we should have the line- veto on occasions when merit would re- peror who reigned from 54 to 68 A.D., item veto. I hope we adopt the amend- quire it. I will be among the foremost was condemned by the Senate. When he ment Senator HARKIN offers. I intend in defending some of the programs that heard that the Senate had passed a de- to support it. stand to be cut or in opposing mis- cree condemning him, he fled. He was Mr. President, I yield back the re- guided policies. As ranking member on in the company of one of his servants mainder of my time. the Senate Appropriations Committee, and two or three friends, and they fled Mr. MCCONNELL. How much time do I am confronted with such problems to a country house, where he sought to I have, Mr. President? every day. So I am not at all happy remain hidden from the Senate. When The PRESIDING OFFICER. Ten min- with some of the actions that are tak- he heard the sound of horses’ feet ap- utes. ing place around here. proaching—bearing the Senate-ap- Mr. MCCONNELL. I yield 8 minutes But this amendment is a political to the distinguished Senator from West pointed enforcers of the execution de- move. I do not think it is a very wor- Virginia. cree—he tried to get one of those per- thy one. It is never worthy to play pol- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sons who were with him to die first so itics with the Constitution of the ator from West Virginia. as to show him—Nero—how to die, and Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank United States. I will say it this way. I thus give him the courage to die. But the distinguished Senator from Ken- have great respect for the Senators he had no takers. So when the horses’ tucky [Mr. MCCONNELL]. who are advocating this approach. hooves sounded louder and louder and Mr. President, I was not informed Their intentions are good. But I must were almost upon him, he put a dagger that there was about to be a time limi- say that I am a little surprised at some to his throat and said, ‘‘I die shame- tation on this amendment. I just hap- of those who are advocating it. I am fully.’’ pened to be eating one of those ‘‘coal under the impression that some of the Mr. President, the day that the Con- miner’s steaks,’’ one of those bologna supporters of this amendment have gress hands to the President the line- sandwiches, downstairs in my office been against the line-item veto in the item veto, the Congress will put a dag- when I heard the booming voice of my past. Yet, now they, apparently, are ger to its own throat and it will ‘‘die friend from Iowa, Mr. HARKIN, coming advocating that this President be given shamefully.’’ across the TV screen advocating this the line-item veto. I hope that the manager of the bill piece of foolishness. I do not advocate that any President will move to table this iniquitous I was somewhat surprised that no- be given the line-item veto. I was amendment and that it will be tabled body had called me to see if I had any against it when Mr. Reagan was Presi- overwhelmingly. objections to limiting the time on this dent. I was against it when Mr. Bush Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I amendment. I think everybody in the was President. I am against it now that will soon move to table the Harkin Senate, including all the staff, knows Mr. Clinton is President. I do not think amendment and ask for the yeas and that I do not enter into time agree- it is appropriate for us on the Demo- nays. ments on line-item veto amendments cratic side to be against a line-item The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mo- or constitutional amendments to bal- veto when there is a Republican Presi- tion is not in order until the Senator ance the budget. dent in the White House and then to be has utilized his time. Nevertheless, ‘‘the moving finger for it when we have a Democrat in the The Senator from Iowa. writes; and, having writ, moves on,’’ so White House. It tinkers with the Con- Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Chair. I un- we are limited as to our time. stitution and flies in the face of the derstand the opposition of the Senator I hope that the Senate will table this separation of powers, and checks and from West Virginia, which has been silly amendment and do so with an balances, which constitute the very pil- long, constant, consistent, and elo- overwhelming vote. Number one, the lar of our republican system of Govern- quent. I understand that. Senate should not be trying to tell the ment. I think it is a mistake for us on However, I point out that some of the other body what it should do. Under the Democratic side to advocate giving words he used, like ‘‘foolish’’ and the Senate rules, Senators on this floor this President, President Clinton, a ‘‘silly’’ and all that—I simply point are not supposed to criticize any Mem- line-item veto. out, Mr. President, that on August 1 of ber of the other body or criticize the In the final paragraph, the amend- this year, the Senate passed a similar other body concerning its work. Cer- ment advocates or proposes that the resolution, stating it is the sense of the tainly, we are not supposed to attempt conference report on S. 4 contain lan- Senate that the Speaker of the House to instruct, in any way, the other body guage making the provisions of S. 4 ap- should move to appoint conferees on as to how it should act. plicable to the fiscal year 1996 appro- S. 4 immediately so that the House and Now, we are going to get ourselves priations bills and the 1995 reconcili- Senate may resolve their differences on into a situation where, in the House, ation bill—in other words, making it this important legislation. they will be making speeches critical retroactive. I think that is a mistake, That resolution passed 83 to 14 in this of the Senate or adopting measures Mr. President. I am sorry that I have body. that seek to instruct Senate conferees, to come to the floor at this time and Mr. BYRD. Will the Senator state as this amendment would instruct make these few comments. But I feel so whether or not it had my vote? House conferees. I think we ought to be deeply about the line-item veto. I Mr. HARKIN. Of course, it did not very careful about floor action or de- think it is a surrender of the authori- have the vote of the Senator from West bate that can disturb the comity be- ties and powers of the legislative Virginia. I wanted to point out that it tween the two Houses. branch to the executive branch. was a sense-of-the-Senate resolution. It It works two ways. This rule is a I think Members will rue the day if dealt with the Speaker of the House. good rule. the line-item veto ever becomes part of We have done this before many times. Secondly, Mr. President, this is truly the Constitution or part of the law of It passed 83 to 14. I also point out to a political maneuver. I want, as much this land. Frankly, I do not think the the Senator from West Virginia that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14019 there was a 30-minute time limit, also, There is a sufficient second. Helms amendment offered yesterday. on that resolution on August 1. So we The yeas and nays were ordered. Our amendment will save money, make operated under a 30-minute time limit The PRESIDING OFFICER. The government more efficient, and better at that time. question is on agreeing to the motion protect American interests overseas. Mr. President, again, this is similar to table the amendment No. 2725 of- The Foreign Affairs Reinvention Act of to the Dorgan resolution of August 1. It fered by the Senator from Iowa [Mr. 1995 streamlines and consolidates U.S. passed 83 to 14. HARKIN]. Foreign Affairs agencies. Our amend- All we are saying in this resolution The yeas and nays have been ordered. ment builds on the hard work by Sen- The clerk will call the roll. is, wait a minute, it is time for the ator HELMS and his staff in their conferees to meet. The bill clerk called the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. months of effort to reduce bureauc- Now, I have been informed that there racy, and reinvent the international KYL). Are there any other Senators in is maybe tentatively possibly a meet- the Chamber desiring to vote? agencies for the U.S. Government. ing on September 27, not that it has The result was announced—yeas 76, In July, the Senate considered S. 908, been published or anything like that. I nays 24, as follows: the Foreign Relations Revitalization hope that takes place. [Rollcall Vote No. 455 Leg.] Act of 1995. At administration prod- I hope we pass this overwhelmingly YEAS—76 ding, Democrats filibustered the bill. so that the conferees will get these in- The Senate fell five votes short of in- structions to meet and to report the Abraham Glenn Moynihan Akaka Gorton Murkowski voking cloture on two successive votes bill expeditiously back to the Senate Ashcroft Gramm Murray on August 1. Because of the lack of and the House so that the Senate and Bennett Grams Nickles Democratic willingness to allow con- House can work its will and send this Bond Grassley Nunn sideration of reorganization legisla- Boxer Gregg Packwood on to the President. Brown Hatch tion, I was forced to return S. 908 to Again as I said, Mr. President, I may Pell Bryan Hatfield Pressler the Senate Calendar. Bumpers Heflin also have misgivings about line-item Pryor During debate on S. 908, Democrats Burns Helms vetoes, but I think the time has come Reid Byrd Hutchison conceded the need for reorganization. because of the great deficits we are op- Campbell Inhofe Rockefeller Senator LIEBERMAN, for example, said: erating under that we need to give this Chafee Inouye Roth Santorum Senator Helms and his committee, I say, President the line-item veto. Coats Jeffords have acted on sound impulse, which is that Cochran Johnston Sarbanes I could not agree more with the Sen- Cohen Kassebaum Shelby we do need to do a searching reappraisal of ator from North Dakota when he said Conrad Kempthorne Simpson the way we conduct our foreign policy in the it just looks as though the majority Coverdell Kyl Smith post-cold-war era. The committee has pro- party is trying to hold this up so that Craig Levin Snowe duced a coherent new architecture for our D’Amato Lott Specter Foreign Affairs agencies. the President cannot line-item veto DeWine Lugar Stevens some of the pork, some of the prof- Dodd Mack Thomas Democrats supported reorganization, ligate spending, some of the wasteful Dole McCain Thompson but they expressed concern over Con- spending, that is in these appropria- Domenici McConnell Thurmond gress mandating the details of reorga- Faircloth Mikulski Warner tions bills. The time to give the Presi- Frist Moseley-Braun nization. Give the President flexibility they said. Senator KERRY of Massachu- dent that power is now. NAYS—24 This resolution is very similar in setts, for example, said: Baucus Feingold Kerry tone and in verbiage to the resolution Biden Feinstein Kohl All we are suggesting is give the President that passed here on August 1 by 83–14. Bingaman Ford Lautenberg a mandate from the Congress to make the We should not back down. We should Bradley Graham Leahy cuts, but allow the President to determine continue the effort. We should demand Breaux Harkin Lieberman exactly how they are going to be made. Daschle Hollings Robb that the conferees meet. We should get Dorgan Kennedy Simon Mr. President, that is exactly what this bill before us and give the Presi- Exon Kerrey Wellstone the Dole-Helms amendment does. dent the line-item veto that he needs So the motion to lay on the table the The amendment requires the Presi- to cut some of the wasteful spending amendment (No. 2725) was agreed to. dent to submit a plan in 6 months with out of this bill. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the following guidelines: Mr. FEINGOLD. How much time is move to reconsider the vote by which Achieve cost savings of $3 billion remaining? the motion was agreed to. over 4 years; Abolish at least two of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty Several Senators addressed the three major Foreign Affairs agencies; seconds. Chair. and Specify how the consolidation of Mr. HARKIN. I yield 30 seconds to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- all personnel and functions will occur. the Senator from Wisconsin. jority leader. The plan is enacted automatically Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the Senator Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, first let me within 60 calendar days unless Con- from Iowa. I have a lot of misgivings make a general statement. gress passes a resolution of dis- about any notion of a constitutional As Members on both sides know, we approval. If the President does not sub- amendment for a line-item veto and are trying to work together so we can mit a plan which meets these guide- would oppose it. finish all the appropriations bills by lines, the three agencies are abolished. However, what passed the Senate was next Saturday on the 30th. I do not Finally, transition funds are author- a 5-year sunsetted line-item veto. I think there will be a Saturday session ized to allow an orderly transfer. think, obviously, we are going to have this week because, frankly, some of the So the Helms amendment—it is pri- an experiment with a line-item veto. Members who would have to manage marily Senator HELMS’ amendment; I That is going to be the result of this the bills are not here. We have not had am very honored to be a cosponsor— Congress. much success in working out that Sat- streamlines bloated bureaucracies and The purpose of this amendment is urday session. So I would hope that we eliminates duplication. It increases the not to say that the line-item veto is can keep the Medicare amendments control of the Secretary of State over automatically a good idea. But it says and line-item veto amendments, and the conduct of American foreign pol- since we are going to have this experi- others, off the bill. But if they have to icy. That is why five former Secre- ment anyway, since that is going to be be offered, do not come around next taries of State from Henry Kissinger to an outcome of the 104th Congress, get week to me and say, ‘‘Why can’t we go Jim Baker endorsed Senator HELMS’ on with it, and let this President have home?’’ So I will just leave it up to original effort. The Dole-Helms amend- that opportunity. whatever. We probably will not go ment also meets the stated concerns of Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I home in any event because maybe it Senate Democrats about Presidential move to table the amendment, and I does not make any difference. flexibility in reorganizing Foreign af- ask for the yeas and nays. AMENDMENT NO. 2707 fairs agencies. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I want to The scaremongers in the administra- sufficient second? make a few comments about the Dole- tion claim reorganization is a ploy by

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 isolationists—some kind of veiled ef- know what has happened and they funding from the House levels by $125 fort to help America withdraw from ought to know who turned it down. million for the NIS assistance and $11 the world. Nothing could be further I do not know why the Clinton ad- million for Eastern Europe and the from the truth. Our plan is a way to ministration would want to keep grid- Baltic States. Now, of course, it is up better support American engagement lock going on foreign affairs. I do not to the administration to use this in the world. Five Secretaries of State know why they are now afraid of the money on good programs that help the are not isolationists and would not en- reorganization proposed by Secretary people of the NIS, Eastern Europe, and dorse a plan that diminished America’s Christopher earlier this year. I hope the Baltics, and not use this money for ability to protect its global interests. they quit saying ‘‘no, no, no’’ and begin American consultants. After sitting on the budget sidelines all to engage honestly in the legislative The committee also managed to year—we have had all this talk about process. If they have a counteroffer, let squeeze out an extra $37 million to line-item vetoes since March; we have us hear it. combat drug trafficking. had this all year long—the administra- So it would seem to me, if the Presi- Mr. President, I note the committee’s tion now says funding cuts will imperil dent had this information, he would be action on international financial insti- American diplomacy. Yet the best way saying, ‘‘Take the Kerry proposal.’’ Let tutions. Every $1 of U.S. assistance to to avoid deep cuts in programs is to us set it aside, take it off this bill, and these institutions results in $20 of save money by reducing duplication have 4 hours of debate. I hope the donor support for developing countries. and by streamlining bureaucracy. I do President would weigh in; if not, the So I was very pleased to see the com- not want to complicate action on Sen- Vice President, or, if not, somebody in mittee find almost $200 million over ator MCCONNELL’s legislation. Much of the administration. I think we have the House level. this plan is consistent with legislation made a lot of agreements around here, These are just a few examples of the proposed by Senator MCCONNELL ear- and I certainly think this is a very rea- way Senator MCCONNELL and Senator lier this year. sonable effort—one agency, free- LEAHY and their committee staffs and We have tried to reach agreement standing bill, 4 hours of debate. It has their committee were able to do more with other Senators, and I believe the to go to the House. The President can with less. In light of the overall reduc- Senate should know what offer has veto it. The nominees are confirmed tion in foreign assistance resources, been made and rejected. Senator KERRY immediately. The other nominations the committee decided to provide the yesterday suggested he would support pending in the Senate go back through administration with a great deal of an agreement along the following lines: the orderly business and come back to flexibility and reduced the number of Pull the amendment from this bill; the floor. earmarks. As a strong supporter of the bring up freestanding legislation which So I would hope there could be some international children’s vaccine pro- requires the President to submit a plan disposition because I know the Senator gram, basic education programs and abolishing only one agency—only one from North Carolina shares the view of primary health care programs for chil- agency; vote after 4 hours of debate; re- the Senator from Kentucky. We want dren in developing countries, I would lease all 15 State Department nominees to get this bill finished. We want to fin- urge the administration to use this currently on the Executive Calendar; ish the bill this evening. Then we want flexibility the committee provided to resume the normal business of the For- to take up the District of Columbia ap- adequately fund these programs. eign Relations Committee on nomina- propriations, maybe follow that with Again, Mr. President, I would like to tions and treaties. State-Justice—if not, VA/HUD. And offer my congratulations on a job well Mr. President, that is a very fair there is one other one floating around done to Chairman MCCONNELL and his deal. No one guarantees the outcome of out there somewhere, but it is a major ranking member, Senator LEAHY. the vote or the outcome of the con- one. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ference or the eventual fate of any con- So I would just hope that we could ator from Massachusetts. ference report. Nominees would be con- resolve this issue. I know the manager Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, the dis- firmed immediately, like today, or wants to move very quickly. There are tinguished majority leader said he whenever we had the vote, and more other relevant amendments. But I would be back in a moment. I know would be reported to the Senate. Unfor- must say—and this is a relevant Senator HELMS was here a minute ago. tunately, after Chairman HELMS indi- amendment—if we are going to con- I would like to make sure the RECORD cated his willingness to accept the tinue to have a lot of amendments that accurately reflects where we have trav- terms proposed by Senator KERRY, the have nothing to do with this bill, then eled with respect to possible agree- White House said no. One State Depart- I do not know what the managers have ments or nonagreements. I thought ment official said, ‘‘There’s nothing in in mind. But hopefully we can com- that Senator DOLE made a very fair that deal for us.’’ plete action by early this evening. summary of most of the journey that I must say we also made inquiries, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the discussions have traveled. But I made inquiries to the White House, ator from New Jersey. think there is one incorrect judgment saying this seems to be a reasonable Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I made, and that is whether or not I had proposal to me to have all these Am- wanted to just take a moment to offer at any time signed off on what was a bassadors confirmed, talking about my congratulations to Senator MCCON- negotiation in progress, and in fact as eliminating one agency. I thought it NELL and Senator LEAHY and the Ap- part of the negotiation we had pro- was a rather reasonable effort. We propriations Committee for presenting posed that the START treaty be per- would do it freestanding. It would have the Senate with a useful and construc- mitted to come to the floor of the Sen- to go through the House. The President tive foreign operations bill. Unlike ate, and that was not mentioned as a could veto it if he wished. There are all most or many of the foreign and de- component, or one of the ingredients kinds of options the President has. fense-related bills that have come to that we were waiting to hear back on. So it would seem to me that the par- the Senate floor in this budget cycle, And so we never had reached any kind tisanship out of the White House and this bill tries to be forward looking and of final agreement. State Department does not serve our positions America to continue to play It is true that I did say that reducing country well and only jeopardizes im- an important role in the world. it to the one Agency abolition would portant issues from Ambassadors to The committee, under the leadership suit me because that was in keeping China, Indonesia, Panama, and other of Chairman MCCONNELL and the rank- with an amendment that I had pro- critical countries to ratification of the ing member, Senator LEAHY, was able posed in the committee itself. But with START II treaty. to work within a tight budget con- respect to our ability to move forward I do not know if President Clinton straint and still find extra funding for here and now, there were other ele- knows what his advisers turned down the truly essential programs for Amer- ments under discussion at that time, because he has not been in town much ica in this post-cold-war world. and I think appropriately. For in- the last few weeks, but I do know that Particularly, I would like to point to stance, the unanimous consent request 15 nominees and their families know the former Soviet Union and Eastern of the Senator from North Carolina what has happened. They ought to Europe where the committee increased suggested 4 hours on the bill itself as a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14021 freestanding bill, but it allowed no money in them. Now, the Senator is ing in the Foreign Relations Com- amendments. And we had a number of looking for $3 billion. And my amend- mittee to go forward. I am stunned Members on our side who were obvi- ment, which he keeps suggesting that that we cannot reach an agreement ously, as I think anybody would be he is embracing, had a $2 billion sav- here because it seems to me the agree- here, concerned about this thing being ings. And there is a very strong reason ment that has been suggested serves presented fait accompli without the for that. I mean, in the last decade the everyone’s interest. ability to be able to amend it. appropriations for function 150 have de- Mr. KERRY. Well, I know that the So that was also under discussion at clined by $15.6 billion constant. They Senator from Kentucky is not easily the time, and we never had any cloture have gone from $36.8 to $21.2 billion in stunned. So I understand that this with respect to this. In fact, I have 1995. And under the budget resolution, must be one of those major legislative never had any sort of final conversa- the discretionary function, 150 plum- brouhahas. But I am not sure that it tion with either Senator HELMS or his mets from $17.1 billion in budget au- really is. I do not think it is that stu- staff. Now, it is also true, however, thority down to $15.1 billion in 1999 and pefying. At this moment in the legisla- that the administration did signal back $14.7 billion by the year 2002. So we tive process, a consolidation in a for- directly to Senator DOLE as well as to have gone from $36.8 billion down to mat that the administration does not Senator HELMS that some form of $14.7 billion by the year 2002. accept at a level of reduction that the whatever was under discussion was not There is nobody examining the var- administration does not accept is not acceptable, and that I am aware of, and ious functions that are effected who going anywhere. that message was indeed conveyed. cannot suggest that this is not going to Mr. McCONNELL. Right. Mr. DODD. Will my colleague yield have just, you know, a gargantuan im- Mr. KERRY. But if, merely because for a point? pact in the capacity of this country to the chairman holds up all the nomina- Mr. KERRY. I am happy to yield. affect its foreign policy around the tions, and then attaches himself to a Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I appre- bill that his colleagues on his side of world. ciate the points my friend and col- Now, I am prepared—certainly speak- the aisle want very badly, all of a sud- league from Massachusetts is making. ing just for myself, this Senator—if we den we on this side of the aisle are sup- I just wanted to ask my colleague posed to give up our legislative prerog- could—in fact, yesterday in the last from Massachusetts as well if he would ative and reward the holding of hostage discussion that we had we suggested not agree with me, having listened to of all of these ambassadors with the that there was some problems with the the majority leader, with all due re- creation of a legislative agenda that is numbers. And we wanted to try to spect, talk about the families of these totally contrary to the administra- come closer to the House structure on nominees who are now being held up tion’s interests, I do not find it very numbers. because we do not agree to this formu- puzzling why people would oppose that. lation he has presented, that it was in Now, I believe that if we were to em- Mr. McCONNELL. Would the Senator fact the very holds that were put on brace the House structure on numbers, yield? those nominations—this is almost Oc- we could conceivably proceed forward. Mr. KERRY. Yes. tober—back in July. If we are going to But there did not even seem to be a re- Mr. McCONNELL. You would not be express sympathy for these families of sponse to that. So we had no sense of giving up a thing. Presumably, as a the nominees, let us not try to blame whether or not that might be possible. freestanding measure, the President the Clinton administration or Demo- Mr. McCONNELL. Will the Senator would veto it and it would not become crats here who have a legitimate sub- from Massachusetts yield? law. You would not have lost a thing. stantive disagreement over an impor- Mr. KERRY. I will be happy to yield. All you would have allowed is the un- tant substantive point where all these Mr. McCONNELL. Does the Senator derlying bill to become law. nominations are being held up because from Massachusetts support the under- Mr. KERRY. That is not, in fact, ac- we do not agree with it. The very holds lying bill? curate, because I think, as the Senator were placed by the majority on those Mr. KERRY. Apart from this? well knows, there is a world of dif- nominees, and if the families want to Mr. McCONNELL. Yes. Would you ference whether or not colleagues are be upset, they ought to be asking the like to see it become law? asked to vote on a motion to table and people who put the holds on those Mr. KERRY. I think the rest of the whether or not they have to vote to nominations, not blaming Democrats bill is, generally speaking, acceptable. sustain a veto of the President, No. 1. or the administration for their unwill- Mr. McCONNELL. One of the con- That is just No. 1. ingness to agree to something that sub- cerns I have is the Vice President indi- No. 2, it seems to me that there is stantively has some profound implica- cated to me yesterday in conversation also a world of difference as to whether tions. Does my colleague not agree? that the President is going to veto this or not we should give up our legislative Mr. KERRY. I do agree. I think the bill if the HELMS amendment on reor- prerogatives, which at this point are Senator is absolutely correct, that the ganization is in this bill. shared by many that is sort of a one- business of the committee has obvi- Now, I personally support, in con- sided, rather heavy-handed effort to ously been wrapped up almost entirely cept, what the Senator from North drive home simply one point of view. in the effort to try to ram this Carolina is trying to do. I mean, usually—let me give you an through. What I am mystified by is why it is example. Last year we jointly worked And one of the things that concerned not possible, on the assumption that on this. We sat down and worked on a great many of us—I think the distin- my friend from Massachusetts and every aspect of the authorization bill guished chairman knows this because I other Democrats support this bill, why together. It came to the floor. And I expressed it to him personally and in it is not possible to reach an agreement think we passed one of the first author- private conversations—was the sense that would take this issue off of this izations in a record amount of time. that there was not really a bipartisan bill and have it dealt with free stand- This year, under a new regime, none effort to try to mold the bill. It was a ing. It seems to me it serves of those sorts of preliminary discus- bill created, and that at a subsequent everybody’s interest, the Senator from sions ever took place. We wound up point we only entered into last-minute North Carolina, the Senator from Mas- with every single Democratic member negotiations before the markup. And I sachusetts. Certainly it serves my in- of the committee voting against this said that to the Senator at the time. terest, because I would like to see this bill even coming to the floor. So here Now, I would like to say to the chair- bill become law. we are with a not even marginally bi- man, I would like to see if we could I am mystified as to why we are not partisan effort now being presented to find some measure of agreement here. I able to work out an agreement, par- us in a way that requires us to give it am prepared to move forward on the ticularly since the Senator from North freestanding life that it does not have one-agency abolition that I talked Carolina generally offered to allow— on its own. about previously. I am not backing how many nominees? Now, if the Senator from North Caro- down on that. Mr. HELMS. All of them. lina, which I am very happy to do—I But the other components of my Mr. McCONNELL. All of them, what- am prepared to vote for some consoli- amendment had a different sum of ever nominees may be currently pend- dation requirements. I am prepared to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 vote for a one-agency abolition re- ated with me, on the issue of numbers. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the ex- quirement. But the Senator seems House versus Senate, it was an issue changes on this floor sometimes may completely unwilling even to embrace raised by the Senator from Massachu- sound a little more heated than they the notion that we would move closer setts very late in the day after I had really are. My reaction to some of the to the structure of the House on num- acceded to your first suggestion. Yes, things that have been said is more bers or we could agree to have the but very late in the conversation and amusement than anything else. START treaty come to the floor. day. The Senator kept stipulating addi- It is a fact that Senator PELL did not Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I object tional things, but the Senator did not want to manage the State Department to the thrust of the Senator’s com- discuss the issue of numbers with the reorganization bill offered by the Sen- ments. Senator from North Carolina. ator from North Carolina and approved Mr. KERRY. Mr. President—— Mr. KERRY. Let me say to my by every Republican Senator. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- friend, because I think these kinds of It is also true that three Senators on ator from Massachusetts has the floor. dealings are very important and I do the Democrat side came to me and told Mr. KERRY. I have always been will- not want the Senator from North Caro- me what a great bill this was. In addi- ing to yield, by an appropriate request, lina to feel somehow this was a moving tion to that, I do not think the Senator to a colleague. target. The Senator from Massachu- from New Jersey [Mr. BRADLEY], will I would be happy to yield. setts recalls having—— object to my mentioning the conversa- Mr. HELMS. No. I thank the Senator Mr. HELMS. That is precisely what tion we had at a dinner sponsored by for his generosity, but I want the floor it is, a moving target. the Senate wives. He came over to the in my own right before I begin to dis- Mr. KERRY. Beg your pardon? table where Dorothy Helms and I were cuss what the real facts are. Mr. HELMS. The Senator has been a seated with others, and said, ‘‘That’s a When the Senator is ready to yield moving target from the very beginning. great bill. I want to help you with it the floor, I want the floor. Mr. KERRY. Let me say to my friend any way I can.’’ Mr. KERRY. Well, let me ask the from North Carolina, there was a con- I did not realize, until Senator PELL, Senator from North Carolina, if I may. versation over here with Senator my good friend, one of the kindest, I would ask the Senator, is it not a fair LEAHY, and we subsequently engaged in most gentle men I have ever known, representation on my part that the a conversation. I do not think I had advised me that Senator KERRY was his committee amendment that I pro- any late-in-the-day conversations at designee to oppose my bill, and I think posed—that the Senator from Massa- all yesterday. The entire discussion Senator PELL will verify what I have chusetts proposed, embraced the notion was in the morning and in the early just said. Mr. PELL. Will the Senator yield for of the $2 billion reduction as well as a afternoon. I came over immediately and said to your able assistant that one correction? one-agency abolition? Mr. HELMS. Certainly. Mr. HELMS. That is correct. That there were concerns by other Senators Mr. PELL. I yielded to the Senator part of it is correct, yes. being expressed, and those concerns en- from Massachusetts not to oppose but Mr. KERRY. So it is correct then tailed whether or not we could get the to manage the bill. There is a dif- that the Senator is appropriately rep- full agenda of the committee liberated, ference. resenting that there has always been a and I specifically mentioned not just Mr. HELMS. All right, I accept that. difference in the amount of money that the START treaty but also the CWC I understood it the other way. But if we have been willing to embrace as ap- treaty. the Senator remembers it that way, propriate for a mandated reduction. We were told the CWC treaty was out that is fine. I have no quarrel with Sen- Mr. HELMS. But the amount in ques- of the question, but the START treaty ator PELL. He is a thoroughbred gen- tion depends on which of the conversa- we would see. I never personally had a tleman. Always has been, always will tions the Senator is referring to. response with respect to the START be. Mr. KERRY. Well, let me ask the treaty, and I do know that the admin- The moment that we began discus- Senator—— istration in between that had some sion of the State Department reorga- Mr. HELMS. With all due respect, conversations and made it clear to the nization bill, which by the way, Mr. Senator, you have been all over the Senator that the numbers were simply President, let me reiterate, five former map with what you have been saying. unacceptable. Secretaries of State came before the Mr. KERRY. I am happy to have it It seems to me that the key here is committee or wrote to the committee, right out in the open. I want it to be to try to see whether or not we could or both, and say, in effect, this is the very clear to everybody, then there get an agreement on the numbers. I greatest thing since sliced bread, it cannot be any question about any con- think we have an agreement on the needs to be done. As soon as the mark- versation. rest of the framework. I am prepared to up, as we call it, began, there was one Is it not also fair to say that I men- vote for a consolidation requirement— protest, one suggestion after another. I tioned yesterday that we were more in- always have been; I was in the com- do not know how many times the dis- terested in the House numbers than in mittee. But the issue is whether we are tinguished Senator from Massachusetts the ones that the Senator from North going to do it under a stricture of num- and I went to the back room. We re- Carolina was proposing? bers that are so draconian that we are cessed the committee; he would make a Mr. HELMS. Well, I understand that leaving no discretion and no capacity proposition, and I would agree to it. you said that to my able assistant for the Department itself to operate Then someone would insist on an- here. You did not say it to me. properly. other concession, and another and Mr. KERRY. I did not say to the Sen- And facing that, it is not inappro- there would always be something else, ator when we were standing by the priate for us to be concerned about cre- another suggested concession. And that cloak room door that I was interested ating a freestanding entity that then is the way it has been on this floor in some numbers, and that the Senator could go over to the House—for in- each time legislation comes up regard- then left the conversation and left us stance, it could go to the House, and it ing State Department reorganization. to discuss it as he went into the cloak- could then be attached to the author- The truth of the matter is, Mr. Presi- room? ization bill in the House. The author- dent, the State Department does not Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, perhaps ization bill could be what comes back, like this bill—well, half of the State the Senator will yield some time for and we are faced with sort of this same Department. You would be surprised, me to discuss the very point he is mak- round robin, unless there is some meet- Mr. President, at how many State De- ing? ing of the minds partment people tell us privately that Mr. KERRY. Well, I will in one mo- Mr. President, I will be happy to see they want this bill. The opposition ment. I do not want to keep the floor. if we can engage in some discussion on from the bureaucrats has been vocif- Mr. HELMS. I need only 30 seconds. that. In the meantime, I am prepared erous because they do not want to lose Mr. KERRY. I would be happy to. to yield the floor. their well-paying positions. Mr. HELMS. Now, we checked on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Here you have, for example, the that very point, with everybody associ- ator from North Carolina. Agency for International Development,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14023 the foreign aid giveaway program, if we felt there was sufficient discretion START Treaty could come to the floor you please, which has lobbied every- within the capacity of the administra- and have a vote. body in sight. They had a session down tion to do the consolidating that would Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I cannot at the National Press Club where they be required. It seems to me that given allow my friend to take off on a rhetor- engaged in personal ridicule. Brian At- the fact that we know we are going to ical gambit. I did not mention the wood for example said, ‘‘Well, HELMS wind up in a conference anyway, and START Treaty. drew up his reorganization plan on the the House has a position, it was a rea- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- back of an envelop.’’ sonable proposal to try to make in the ator from North Carolina has the floor. Immediately the media came to me: spirit of cooperation. His staff in- Mr. HELMS. The Senator from Mas- ‘‘Did you hear what Brian Atwood formed me, Mr. President, at that time sachusetts knows as well as anybody said?’’ that there was a contingency fund con- that neither of us can set the date for ‘‘Well, yes, I did,’’ I acknowledged. tained within the Helms legislation of a START Treaty in this bill or in this ‘‘What is your response?’’ about $125 million, and that that fund amendment. The leadership will set I said, ‘‘Abraham Lincoln did pretty ought to be able to be sufficient to that date, not Senator KERRY, not well on the back of an envelope. I hope take care of some of the concerns of JESSE HELMS, not in this legislation I do one-tenth as well.’’ the administration because it had and not in the amendment. Mr. KERRY. Will the Senator yield That is the way it has been. flexibility. The Vice President is in charge of re- for a question? So I then went back to examine that, Mr. HELMS. If I know the answer, I inventing Government and has done so but found, in fact, that there are other with much fanfare. He pledged that will, yes. problems presented because the money Mr. KERRY. I know the Senator ‘‘we are going to do this, and we are is not there. So you have a serious knows the answer to this because he going to do that.’’ I myself talked with problem if the money is, in fact, not taught most of us how to do it. That is, the Vice President on the telephone there, No. 1. And we never actually got through a unanimous-consent request, and said, ‘‘Mr. Vice President, let’s back to a further conversation. when there is this kind of a legislative work together on this thing.’’ All we Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I cannot impasse, you can accomplish anything got was a little bit of doubletalk and to yield for the Senator to make a speech. on the Senate floor; is that not true? this day—to this day—not one scintilla Mr. KERRY. I am trying to explain. Mr. HELMS. Well, yes, but agree- has come from the reinventing office. I Mr. HELMS. Please, Senator. There ments involving the scheduling of trea- will tell you what they reinvented up is no money in this amendment, none. ties has happened on either side. The there, or down there. They have re- So on what does the Senator base his Senator knows what he is doing when, invented a horse and buggy, and that is conversation about that? at the last minute, as another feature about all. Mr. KERRY. To answer the question, of his compromise, he wants to stipu- Senator KERRY came on the floor the Senator is absolutely correct. late when the START Treaty will back in July—July 31. There was a con- There is no money in his amendment. start. certed effort from the Democrats: Mr. HELMS. That is not what the Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. ‘‘Don’t vote for cloture,’’ they intoned, Senator has been saying. Mr. HELMS. I have the floor, do I including the three Senators—four Mr. KERRY. The money is in the ap- not? Senators actually—who told me what a propriations bill, but it is not in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- great bill it was. But not one Demo- appropriations bill in the amount that ator has the floor. crat, except the distinguished ranking the money is in the Senator’s amend- Mr. HELMS. Let me tell you the po- member of the committee, voted for ment. So for us to accept his staff’s sition the Democrats are in and the ad- cloture. And I do not want to speak for word that because it is authorized, ministration is in. They moan and Senator PELL, I believe I am correct in somehow the problem goes away, is in- groan about the Ambassadors being my understanding that he has never correct. The problem remains because held up. They remind me of the fellow voted for cloture. There was a phalanx the appropriators have not given us the who shot his mother and father and of opposition. They were not going to money. then asked the court for mercy because allow it to be voted on because they do Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, maybe he was an orphan. They have delib- not want to trim down the bureauc- we are getting somewhere. I think be- erately blocked consideration of the racy, they do not want to cut foreign fore this exchange with the distin- original State Department reorganiza- aid, and I would not yield to demands guished Senator from Massachusetts tion bill, beginning on the first day of that we bring down our bill to the began, he said something to the effect, debate. point that it was absolutely meaning- ‘‘perhaps we can get together.’’ Is that Who was the Senator whom they less. what the Senator said? brought in for 2 hours 12 minutes? The Now, we have moved from abolishing Mr. KERRY. I am always prepared to distinguished senior Senator from Mas- three agencies to abolishing two agen- try to see if we can work things out. sachusetts, who wanted to talk about cies to abolishing one. I believe Sen- Mr. HELMS. All right. Let us see how the minimum wage. For the past 2 ator KERRY has already acknowledged far the Senator is willing to go. May I years, during his chairmanship of the that this is the case. My recollection is ask the Senator if he is suggesting a relevant Senate committee, the senior that he accepted the $3 billion savings reduction in the $3 billion savings as Senator from Massachusetts did not provision when I offered my propo- required in the amendment? even mention minimum wage. sition—one agency abolition. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I have So, obviously, a filibuster began at Mr. KERRY. Will the Senator yield suggested an alternative figure. the beginning. The instructions had for one point? Mr. HELMS. I did not understand the been handed down. And, yes, I am per- Mr. HELMS. Yes, briefly. response. fectly willing to clear the deck and Mr. KERRY. The Senator said he ac- Mr. KERRY. That is affirmative. We clear all of the Ambassadors and all cepted the $3 billion. The $3 billion was have suggested an alternative figure the rest of it to the extent I am able to. originally in his bill. We proposed $2 and structure. But I cannot speak for the majority billion. So nothing was accepted. Mr. HELMS. Well, there is only one leader, BOB DOLE, and I will not, or for Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, when we figure. There is only one figure in the the minority leader, to work out to agreed to move it to one agency—I will amendment. Do you want to go to $2.7 their satisfaction. ask the Senator what he recalls he said million in savings as a compromise? Let me state a few things that I will yesterday about the amount of money? Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, first of be willing to do. If the Senator from Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I say to all, I would love to put in a quorum Massachusetts wants to present, rep- my friend that what I said—his able call and have a moment to talk to my resenting the majority of his side, a re- aide, Steve, was there at the time. We friend and see if we can work through duction in the $3 billion savings re- were interested in trying to see if we it. Again, let me outline what we have quired in the amendment, we will talk could use the structure of the House suggested as a fair approach. We would about it. I want to know how much re- numbers, because under that structure like to know a date certain that the duction they want in the savings. But I

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 will tell you one thing, Mr. President; Now, I have been provided with some $3 billion was determined by the Budg- the American people want at least $3 figures. The moving of the quarters of et Committee, but it is less than what billion saved in the foreign aid give- the Agency for International Develop- the administration proposed for con- away. That is the meat of the coconut. ment for fiscal year 1994 and 1995 at a solidating and cutting within the State That is what the Democrats oppose. cost to the taxpayers of $14 million. Department and its related agencies. That is what Brian Atwood is opposing. That is just the move. In fiscal year I think the bottom line here is that Somewhere in these discussions, I am 1996 it will cost another $17 million. the administration, the President on going to bring up the arrangement by For fiscal year 1997, another $9 million. down—and what we are hearing today the Agency for International Develop- This little temporary agency that and is reflected in the comments made ment to move into a sort of Taj Mahal, started way back yonder is going to by the Senator from Massachusetts—is at $55 per square foot. It is going to take 3 years to move, one bureaucratic that they do not want any consolida- cost—in the bill there is about $40 mil- mess to the Taj Mahal at $55 a square tion proposal. lion just for moving expenses for the foot. I should remind you we started out Agency for International Develop- Anyway, let me say again for the consolidating three agencies, and the ment—the foreign aid giveaway pro- RECORD, I will not debate further with Senator from Massachusetts and I had gram which, by the way, began as one the Senator from Massachusetts, if he a number of conversations. In fact, we of those Federal temporary programs. decides to sit down and negotiate in had hearings at the subcommittee level Mr. President, there is nothing so close good faith, and specify what he is will- and at the full committee level. This is to eternal life as a temporary Federal ing to do and stick by it, he has a deal. an issue that has been discussed bureaucracy. This is a demonstration I will either accept it or reject it in throughout this year. of it. That is the reason they are fight- equally good faith. The President does not want a con- ing so hard. I have never seen such lob- I yield the floor. solidation proposal. We started out bying. Wendy Sherman, a nice lady, Ms. SNOWE. I thank you, Mr. Presi- with three agencies to be merged into has absolutely reached the ultimate in dent. the State Department. Chairman HELMS recommended yesterday that we ferocity in campaigning against this I certainly want to join in this dis- will take two agencies. legislation from the very beginning. cussion because I think it is critical as In fact, the Senator from Massachu- She is good at what she does. I ac- chair of the Subcommittee on Inter- setts, before the committee, had rec- knowledge that. I have told her so. national Operations in this Senate, and ommended one agency for consoli- The fight is about whether the U.S. I have been the ranking member of the dating and merging to State Depart- Senate and the U.S. Congress is going same subcommittee in the House of ment. In fact, Chairman HELMS said he to do what the people demanded in last Representatives for the last 10 years. would accept that. Now we are down year’s election, and that is to cut Fed- It is surprising to hear the tenor of from three to two to one, and we are eral spending. One of the top things on this debate here today about the con- still not able to reach an agreement. solidation proposal. the minds of 80 percent of the Amer- Yes, it should not be on this bill. We First of all, I think it should be un- ican people is cutting foreign aid. hoped we could complete the State De- derstood that the administration never That is the problem with this bill. partment authorization bill. That submitted a State Department author- That is the reason we keep getting this should have been done long before the ization, which is a first, at least to my stone stew sort of a thing. recess. In fact, it was here on the floor, I see the distinguished Chaplain of knowledge and with the experience I but it was clear we were not making the U.S. Senate sitting there, our good have had on that subcommittee for the any progress, that a stalemate had oc- friend, Dr. Ogilvie. I related to him the last 10 years, there has never been a curred because of this consolidation story about the farmer who had a vis- case where the President has not sub- proposal. itor one day who claimed he could mitted his own proposals with respect So really that is what it is all about, make a delicious stew out of a stone, to the State Department authoriza- that the President does not want to water, and nothing more. tion. consolidate these agencies. The Presi- His friend said, ‘‘I want to see you do This consolidation issue is not some- dent will not even submit a plan to tell it.’’ So he got a stone, put it in a pot thing that just developed in recent us how we reach this goal of $3 billion of water. He said to his friend, ‘‘This days or weeks. In fact, it was first ini- or tell us where he stands on anything would be a better stew if you had a few tiated by the current Secretary of other than opposing consolidation. He carrots in it.’’ So his friend got a few State, Warren Christopher, back in does not even put forward his own pro- carrots. ‘‘And it would be better if it January, only to be rejected by the posals. had a few beans, beef,’’ and added var- President. So we have to move forward because ious other ingredients. In the end, his Interestingly enough, the Secretary the American people deserve to have a stone stew was tasty. of State’s proposal for consolidating more innovative approach to the prob- That is the way our dear friend from the State Department and the other lems we are facing. They certainly de- Massachusetts negotiates. He comes agencies that we are referring to today, serve to have consolidation and savings and says, ‘‘We will do this but it needs by Chairman HELMS, pretty much ap- within the State Department. We want more of that. How about more of some- proximates what this consolidation to do it on a reasonable basis. I think thing else?’’ I agree but it doesn’t come proposal is all about. going from three agencies to consoli- to an end. This happened in committee, In response to Secretary Chris- date to two, to one is a very fair com- as well as here on the floor yesterday. topher’s proposal and in rejecting it by promise. It is more than compromising. Then he said, ‘‘Well, you have to do the administration, on January 26, Yet we do not seem to be making any this, too.’’ I have tried to be accommo- Vice President GORE issued a press re- progress. dating. From three agencies to two lease announcing the second phase of Over this last year we were told time agencies to one agency. See? Then Sen- the national performance review. ‘‘It is and again, ‘‘We want to work with you ator KERRY comes back and he ends up anticipated that the overall review of to produce an agreement.’’ We started requesting the great big piece of roast international affairs programs and out last winter, we had our hearings, beef, that is something that he knows agencies will result in savings of at we had more hearings because they I cannot do. That is to guarantee when least $5 billion over 5 years and a sub- said they needed to examine this issue the START treaty is going to be con- stantially enhanced capacity to deliver further. And I say that is fair because sidered by the Senate. That is his coup more effective programs overseas and this is serious business. We do not take de’tat, the way to kill any hope of any provide value to the American tax- this consolidation lightly. We do not negotiation. payers.’’ say we have all the right answers with Now, I will accept the Senator’s I remind my colleagues that the ad- respect to this proposal. Clearly we statement as his word. His word is his ministration and, indeed, the Vice could not be that far off the mark since bond. If he wants to sit down in good President, proposed $5 billion over 5 Secretary of State Warren Christopher faith and specify what he is willing to years. This consolidation proposal is proposed essentially the same proposal do, I am willing to work with him. referring to $3 billion over 4 years. The for consolidating.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14025 Then it came to the committee tions bill, but the foreign operations gram should further our national inter- markup, and the Senator from Massa- appropriations bill—and say let us re- ests. I do not know anybody who agrees chusetts did propose an alternative at write the Department of State and our more with that than I do. But I do not the last minute but we said again whole foreign policy apparatus, that agree with the definition of the prob- ‘‘Let’s work before we go to the floor.’’ makes very, very little sense to me. lem. We went to the floor and nothing It would be like saying we are going The problem is not that the Agency happened. It went on and on, and it was to take the District of Columbia appro- for International Development is some- clear we had to move on to other sub- priations bill and while we are doing it, how ignoring America’s national inter- jects pending before the Senate. So let us redo the Department of Housing ests. The problem is, since 1961—going here we are now on the appropriations and Urban Development. Because, after back to a time before I was old enough bill. all, the District of Columbia is an to vote—when the Foreign Assistance What we would like to know is, how urban area and the Department of Act was enacted, much of our foreign do we move beyond this so we can re- Housing and Urban Development han- aid was allocated to winning allies in solve this question, complete the State dles urban matters. It is about that re- the fight against communism. Billions Department authorization, and also do lated. To do it here, simply because the went to rightwing dictatorships with what we need to do with respect to sav- Senate rejected attempts to do it in an- little or no commitment to democracy ings? We have to achieve $3 billion in other guise, does not make much sense or improving the living conditions of savings, and that is the issue here. I to me. their people or even allowing business cannot believe that the President I have long advocated better coordi- competition—either our business com- would oppose consolidation within the nation among the executive branch petition or their own business competi- State Department. There are five agencies and foreign policymaking. I tion. former Secretaries of State and two have done that in both Democrat and So a lot of that aid failed by stand- former National Security Advisers who Republican administrations because ards that we, all of us, would apply have endorsed this proposal. That rep- both Democrat and Republican admin- today. But it is unfair and I believe it resents many years of experience with istrations have had problems in such is even disingenuous to judge AID’s ef- respect to foreign relations. coordination. But I think the proposal fectiveness today against the failures I cannot believe we would just sys- we see here would result in U.S. na- of the past, because in the past our tematically reject out of hand the idea tional interests being less well, not goals were fundamentally different. of consolidation. At a time when we better, served. The Secretary of State has full au- are driving to balance the budget over Why is the Foreign Agriculture Serv- thority under statute to give policy di- the next 7 years, we are saying we are ice administered by the Department of rection to AID. The State Department, not going to do it with respect to the Agriculture, not by the State Depart- we all know, influences AID’s activities State Department and related agen- ment? Because farmers know they can every day. If AID’s projects deviate cies. A proposal was put forward—come count on USDA to represent their in- from State Department policy, it is not your way, down to one agency—and we terests better than the Department of because AID is out of control. It is be- have still yet to make any progress. State. And all experiences have proven cause the people at the State Depart- I think that is regrettable. I cer- that. ment are not paying enough attention tainly have not experienced this in all Why, 15 years ago, did we take the to what they are doing. the years in which I have addressed commercial function away from the I think the amendment ignores the this issue. Believe me, we had many State Department and create a foreign considerable efforts of administration contentious issues with previous ad- commercial service in the Department to improve AID’s performance. There ministrations on the State Depart- of Commerce? It was because State had have been years of neglect—we all have ment, but we were able to resolve for years neglected export promotion. to admit that—under the previous ad- them. At the very least, we had a They would sacrifice export interests ministrations. But, with Brian Atwood President who was willing to submit a to foreign policy priorities. They treat- at the head of the AID, with the efforts proposal. This President has not. ed their own commercial officers as of an awful lot of people and with the I yield the floor. second-class employees, and it was be- support of an awful lot of Members of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who cause the American business commu- Congress, Republican and Democrat seeks recognition? The Senator from nity demanded we do something better. alike, there have been significant im- Vermont. The reason we have separate Foreign provements. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I am con- Service bureaucracies is that many of Over the past 2 years, we have seen cerned that we have a proposal to re- our foreign policy interests are actu- dramatic progress at the Agency for form U.S. foreign affairs agencies on ally domestic policy interests and they International Development and the this bill. It is a major proposal. It re- are best pursued abroad by technical Treasury and State Departments in re- structures the way we administer our experts from domestic policy agencies, defining our foreign aid priorities. foreign aid programs. It merges most not by foreign policy generalists from They focus resources where they can foreign affairs functions into the De- the State Department. You go to the achieve the most advance in U.S. inter- partment of State. domestic policy agencies that know a ests abroad. They have done that, in The reason I am concerned is it is in particular area and send them. spite of the constraints of an obsolete this bill. This is an appropriations bill. I do not know about North Carolina Foreign Assistance Act—as I said, a We have had a lot of hearings on appro- farmers or Maine farmers but Vermont Foreign Assistance Act that passed priations. We had a lot of hearings on farmers are not all anxious to see the later in that year when I finally be- where we spend money on everything State Department expand its influence came old enough to vote. It has been a from the security interests of the over U.S. foreign agricultural policy. If long time. That could require some United States abroad to how we help in you shift power from domestic agencies changes. humanitarian programs. We have not to the State Department, that is not We are not going to do it in the ap- had hearing one on how we might re- going to strengthen representation of propriations bill. As I said before, it write, in the appropriations bill, a for- United States interests and United would be like trying to reorganize HUD mal change in our whole foreign policy States policy, but it will strengthen on the District of Columbia appropria- apparatus. representation of French interests and tions bill. We have enough trouble try- If we are going to have that debate, Argentine interests and Russian inter- ing to take care of the problems of the we have an excellent Foreign Relations ests and interests of other parts of the District of Columbia. Committee. They can bring an author- world. Here we have major issues. Chairman ization bill to the floor. They have I have been advocating reform of our MCCONNELL and I and others on both once. Bring one down, get it passed. foreign aid program ever since the fall sides of the aisle have worked very That is where it should be. But to sud- of the Berlin wall so I am happy to see closely to try to improve things and denly take the appropriations bill—not a discussion of this issue. Sponsors of try to work within the constraints of even the State Department appropria- the amendment say our foreign aid pro- the amount of money we have for those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 programs specifically under this bill. I might put it a little more bluntly. job of the Foreign Relations Com- To ask us somehow to take on some- The State Department speciality is mittee. They had an opportunity ear- thing our committee has not handled, making policy. It has never—and prob- lier this year to do that. I suspect that that we have had no hearings on, and ably never will—manage these kinds of they will work at it again, and will to write it in, pages and pages and programs well. Secretary Eagleburger bring it to the floor. And we will have pages and pages of authorizing legisla- offered the hope that with Cabinet se- a real debate, and we will agree with tive language on this appropriations lection of Under Secretaries it might some, disagree with others, and finally bill, I cannot accept that. do better. But I am reluctant to trade the Senate will work its will on such I cannot accept the fact that it ig- a bureaucracy that is doing reasonably legislation; but not on an appropria- nores what has happened. I mentioned well and getting better every day at de- tions bill. AID Administrator Brian Atwood be- livering foreign aid with one that has AID can continue downsizing and im- fore. He has made extensive changes at no competence or outside chance that prove its efficiency. Let us not abolish AID. He initiated an agencywide it might get better. If we disperse the an agency that is aggressively adapting streamlining effort that resulted in responsibility of foreign aid among As- itself to the changed world we live in plans to close 27 missions. Incidentally, sistant Secretaries of State, we are to a shrinking foreign aid budget. that is a reduction of 1,200 staff. He is going to hear more stories about mis- Mr. President, I strongly hope that installing state-of-the-art data proc- guided failed projects—not fewer—and this legislation will not be considered essing systems that links headquarters more questions about why we have for- on this bill. The distinguished leader- in Washington with project officers in eign aid—not fewer. ship can bring it up as an authorizing the field in real time which ensures AID performs a wide array of tasks piece of legislation if it wants. We can that the information available at the that enjoy overwhelming support argue and debate other things. Let us one end of the pipeline is also available among the American people. Every get our appropriations bill through. If at the other. That is going to increase year they managed programs worth $1 we stick to the items that are within efficiency and improve decision- billion aimed at protecting the Earth’s the jurisdiction of the Appropriations making. It is going to be a quantum environment. Does protecting the Committee, if we vote on matters that leap forward from what it was just a Earth’s forests and oceans and atmos- are within the jurisdictions of the Ap- few years ago. phere matter to us as Americans? Why, propriations Committee, if we vote on Administrator Atwood has decentral- it should. Does it further our foreign matters that are actually part of this ized decisionmaking. People closest to policy interest? Of course, it does. A bill, why, we could be done before the the problems have now the full oppor- century from now we are not going to Dracula hour of legislation. tunity to design solutions. AID is im- have any foreign policy unless we join My colleagues know the Dracula proving its performance because, for with other countries today in pro- hour is what I refer to as the time the first time since the mid-1980’s, it tecting our environment because we when too often we end up voting. Those has hands-on leadership that is really will be spending all of the time just are the hours after darkness when peo- committed to making our foreign aid trying to stay alive in an environment ple who work for family-friendly orga- program have effective leadership that not suited for the habitat of humans. nizations tend to see their families. actually cares that it works in the best Every year AID manages hundreds of And those who want to be home tend to interests of the United States. millions of dollars to international be there. Where we with a sense of ca- Can they make that performance bet- health programs. Is this money wast- maraderie and perhaps people who do ter? Sure. It is like every one of us who ed? Is tuberculosis infectious? Is AIDS not have families tend to stay here to- may feel we run our offices very, very infectious? Of course, they are. Tuber- gether eagerly looking forward to vote well. Every one of us can honestly say culosis just does not sit in one country. after vote into the wee hours of the there have to be ways we can make it AIDS just does not sit in one country. night. better. Anything can be made better. They go worldwide. I tell you right Frankly, Mr. President, if we could But the question here has to be not can now. There are 250 million Americans just talk about appropriations matters AID make it better, especially with the on this, we could all go home for sup- tremendous steps forward which they who will tell you unequivocally that we can do things to try to wipe out per tonight. Think what a novel idea. have made, the question has to be: But Think of opening the door and having can you take it away from AID, turn it these diseases worldwide so they do not come across our borders they would be children say, ‘‘You look so familiar. over to the State Department and have Didn’t I see your picture in the paper them do it better? I doubt it. If you for it. Every year AID commits a large part once?’’ To have, if you have one, a pet abolish AID, if you ask the regional As- of its budget to promoting free mar- responding perhaps with some dim sistant Secretaries of the State Depart- kets and democratic development in memory of who you are, and not bite ment to manage its functions, I think you as you come in the door; to have that would be a serious mistake. These countries where the United States has important interests. That is not diplo- your neighbors look out and say, ‘‘I Assistant Secretaries are very good. know him’’ or her. But they are chosen for their expertise macy. It is hands-on assistance that re- quires people with special expertise on Perhaps they might even ask for an in broad foreign policy. They do not autograph, or at least not call the po- have the experience—many of them—in the ground who can get the job done, working with foreign governments and lice thinking you are a stranger. managing money and programs as AID Think how wonderful it would be and private organizations on the nuts and does. Lord knows. Many of them are up we would probably have a good piece of bolts of solving real problems. That is to their necks in alligators trying to legislation. deal with the daily emergencies and what AID does. I see the distinguished Republican When we get those free markets complexities of our political relation- leader on the floor. I see others seeking going, when we get that democracy ships with the countries in their re- the floor. gions. going, do you know who profits by it? I yield the floor. Even former Secretary of State Law- Many, many times companies in my Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. rence Eagleburger, a man whose man- State, and the other 49 States, because The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. agement skills I have always admired, they export. We all know that we are DEWINE). The majority leader. and whose political policy savvy I also getting far more exports, and a far Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I think the have admired—and a Republican—ex- greater increase in our exports, I Senator from Rhode Island is also seek- pressed doubt about this proposal in should say, in the developing world ing recognition. his testimony before the Foreign Rela- than we do in the developed world. The I am going to offer an amendment tions Committee on March 23. I quote greatest percentage of new export jobs and make a brief statement, and then I Secretary Eagleburger. He said: are created in exporting to the devel- think there will be statements made in The State Department is not well suited, oping world. AID helps in that. support or maybe even in opposition. either by historical experience or current bu- We have a strong need to rewrite the I ask unanimous consent that all reaucratic culture, to assume many of these Foreign Assistance Act. We define the pending amendments be set aside. new responsibilities. framework for foreign aid. That is the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14027 AMENDMENT NO. 2726 Currently, there is one country that Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I send an is clearly affected by this legislation. Chair. amendment to the desk and ask for its Turkey, a valuable ally in NATO and in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- consideration. Operation Desert Storm, continues to ator from Kentucky. I ask that the amendment be read. It receive a large amount of assistance in Mr. MCCONNELL. Let me just say is very brief. I think that will sort of the form of grants and concessional very briefly I wish to commend the ma- explain the purpose of the amendment loans financed by the American tax- jority leader for this amendment. Like as well as I can. payers. At the same time, however, many of my colleagues, I share the de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The they continue to enforce an immoral sire to see that countries are not al- clerk will report. blockade on Armenia. lowed to block delivery of U.S. human- The assistant legislative clerk read Mr. President, today marks the itarian assistance. Senator DOLE has as follows: fourth anniversary of Armenia’s inde- led a bipartisan coalition of Senators The Senator from Kansas (Mr. DOLE), for pendence from the Soviet Union. We as in promoting this ideal through the co- himself, Mr. SIMON, Mr. HELMS, Mr. HAT- Americans welcome their independence sponsorship of this amendment. I ap- FIELD, Mr. D’AMATO, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, and Ms. and through our humanitarian efforts plaud his efforts and am glad to be a MOSELEY-BRAUN, proposes an amendment strive to help this fledgling democracy cosponsor of this amendment. numbered 2726. grow and prosper. Their road has not This particular measure enjoys wide- The amendment is as follows: been an easy one, but the United spread support in both the House and At the appropriate place in the Bill, add States has been willing to provide the the Senate. Earlier this year, the the following: assistance they need. The delivery of House International Relations Com- LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES THAT humanitarian assistance to aid those mittee approved the bill by a vote of 27 RESTRICT THE TRANSPORT OR DELIVERY OF in need is consistent with the funda- to 7. The Senate Foreign Relations UNITED STATES HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE mental values of our Nation. This leg- Committee followed suit and voted in SEC. . (a) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds islation will also strengthen our ability favor of the bill by a vote of 14 to 4. made available in this Act may be used for to deliver such assistance, which, as I And most recently the House voted to assistance in support of any country when it stated before, is an important compo- include the provision in its foreign op- is made known to the President that the nent of our foreign policy. erations appropriations bill which government of such country prohibits or oth- Just let me conclude by saying it erwise restricts, directly or indirectly, the passed the House overwhelmingly. does not make sense to offer U.S. tax- Countries which choose to blockade transport or delivery of United States hu- payer dollars unconditionally to coun- manitarian assistance. the delivery of U.S. humanitarian as- (b) EXCEPTION.—Subsection (a) shall not tries that hinder our humanitarian re- sistance exponentially increase the apply to assistance in support of any country lief efforts. And in light of budgetary cost of that assistance. Currently, we when it is made known to the President that constraints, it is imperative that U.S. find ourselves facing a situation where the assistance is in the national security in- relief efforts be timely and efficient. we are forced to stretch every dollar in terest of the United States. The Federal budget deficit and spend- the foreign assistance account. Allow- Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- ing constraints require maximum effi- ing a nation to needlessly increase the imous consent that in addition to Sen- ciency in the usage of U.S. foreign as- cost of our assistance, thereby further ator SIMON, Senator HELMS, Senator sistance. And no doubt about it, coun- limiting the amount of aid we are able HATFIELD, Senator D’AMATO, Senator tries that prevent the delivery of such to provide, is just simply unacceptable. FEINSTEIN, and Senator CAROL assistance or intentionally increase the We have a responsibility to the Amer- MOSELEY-BRAUN be added as cospon- cost of the delivery of such assistance ican taxpayer to ensure that their sors. do not deserve unrestricted American hard-earned money is sufficiently uti- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without assistance. lized. I urge my colleagues to support this objection, it is so ordered. If the United States is going to re- amendment, not for partisan politics, Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise main actively engaged in world affairs, but for the belief in the fundamental today to thank my colleagues for their as I believe it should, it must be al- values this Nation is built on. support of the Humanitarian Aid Cor- lowed to provide assistance which is ridor Act. The amendment that has Let me repeat. If some country out there is receiving American aid and needed. This amendment makes good been offered, I think, is clear and pre- budget sense and is an important moral cise, not very long. We just had it read. they are preventing delivery of assist- ance paid for by the American tax- statement. It has strong bipartisan support, and it payers or if they circumvent delivery Clearly, we cannot afford to leave furthers an important American for- or make it almost impossible or im- this issue unaddressed. I think Senator eign policy objective, which is to facili- pede delivery, or increase the cost of DOLE’s proposal offers a reasonable and tate the prompt delivery of humani- delivery, then I do not believe they intelligent solution to this problem. I tarian aid. should receive American assistance. deeply appreciate his efforts and lead- The amendment, which overwhelm- And that is all this amendment is ership on the issue. ingly passed the House, prohibits U.S. about. It does not exempt any specific In addition, I would like to thank foreign assistance to countries that im- country. It does not apply to a par- him for including an emergency waiver pede or prohibit the delivery or trans- ticular country. Right now, it applies provision in the proposal. While we port of U.S. humanitarian assistance to to Turkey, but in the future it will want to ensure countries do not block other countries. This legislation also apply to any other country that would our efforts to deliver assistance, it is recognizes there may be a compelling follow the same practice. important that we provide the Presi- U.S. national security interest which I hope, if the amendment cannot be dent the ability to waive this provision would override the principle of non- accepted, it can be voted on rather in the event of humanitarian or secu- interference with humanitarian aid. quickly. rity emergencies. For this reason, U.S. foreign aid to I also ask unanimous consent to add Mr. President, I yield the floor. nations in violation of this act may be my colleague, Senator MURRAY, as a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- continued if the President of the cosponsor, and my colleagues, Senator ator from Illinois. United States determines that such as- KERRY from Massachusetts, Senator Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I thank sistance is in the national security in- PRESSLER from South Dakota, and the the Chair. terest of the United States. manager of the bill, the Senator from I am pleased to be a cosponsor of this Let me say, Mr. President, this bill Kentucky, Mr. MCCONNELL as cospon- legislation. does not single out or exempt any one sors. As Senator DOLE pointed out, this country. All nations are held to one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without does not apply specifically in the lan- standard. The intent is simple, to en- objection, it is so ordered. guage to any one country. Now, it does sure that American humanitarian aid Mr. DOLE. I see my primary cospon- apply immediately to our relationship can be delivered where it is needed and sor, Senator SIMON, is in the Chamber, with Turkey because Armenia faces a when it is needed. and I yield the floor. very, very grim situation. And I have

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 to say I was a little appalled when, I I believe that both Turkey and Arme- security in that part of the world. How- guess about 2 years ago, I flew to Ar- nia recognize their need to lessen ten- ever, we simply cannot continue to as- menia with colleagues in the Senate sions and to cooperate with the United sist Turkey, or any other nation, which and we could not fly over Turkey, after States to resolve regional problems, in- impedes the delivery of humanitarian all the aid we have given Turkey. We cluding the Armenian-Azerbaijan con- aid to others. Again, this is a matter of had to go around to get to Armenia. flict over Nagorno-Karabakh. As a good principle, and it is my hope that my But when you get there, you see the will gesture toward Armenia in April colleagues from both sides of the aisle countryside in many areas with trees 1995, turkey opened an air corridor con- will support it. taken down, what once were beautiful necting Erzurum to Yerevan, pre- Mr. PELL addressed the Chair. trees on great avenues, because they viously closed for 2 years. I hope that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- are desperate for fuel. It is a tough sit- Armenia will reciprocate and that the ator from Rhode Island. uation. process toward improved relations—al- REORGANIZATION AND THE FOREIGN RELATIONS Ironically, Turkey would benefit eco- ready well under way—will continue. COMMITTEE’S BUSINESS nomically by entering into normal dip- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I Mr. PELL. Mr. President, earlier lomatic and trade relations with Arme- rise today in support of the proposed today some statements were made on nia. Azerbaijan wants to have an oil amendment to prohibit U.S. assistance the floor of the Senate concerning the line going from Azerbaijan, through to countries that prohibit or restrict proposed reorganization plan for the Armenia, through Turkey to supply the transport or delivery of U.S. hu- State Department. The suggestion was the world with oil. Turkey benefits. Ar- manitarian aid. This is a basic matter made that Democratic Members—spe- menia benefits. Azerbaijan benefits. of principle: No country should have cifically those on the Foreign Rela- This is not an anti-Turkish resolution, the right to interfere with the delivery tions Committee, are responsible for but it does say in simple words, if you of humanitarian assistance anywhere. holding up the processing of Ambassa- get American aid, you cannot stop hu- When the United States provides food, dorial nominations and other business manitarian assistance to another coun- medicine, and clothing to suffering ci- by delaying the passage of the reorga- try. vilian populations, in response to war nization plan. I think that suggestion warrants a That has been what Turkey has been or natural disaster, there is simply no response. Why? The reorganization doing. I regret that. Turkey has been a justification for a country to block this plan at issue is not a bipartisan plan. I valuable ally. I am old enough, perhaps assistance, especially when that coun- only wish it was. Its existence was unlike the Presiding Officer; I can re- try receives assistance from the United made known only yesterday, and it was member the Korean war very well when States itself. crafted without the knowledge or input Turkey was one of the few countries The United States goes to great of even one Democratic Member. Al- that really provided assistance. In lengths to ensure that nations in dire ready, it is clear that there are serious many ways I feel grateful to Turkey, need for humanitarian aid receive it in differences and much disagreement but I believe the message beyond this the most expedient and efficient way. about the plan. is that Turkey ought to be getting Supplying humanitarian aid to people I have other thoughts about this plan along better with her neighbors. That in need is consistent with the basic val- which should be expressed later. means Greece, that means Armenia. ues of our Nation, and we should not But I just wanted to respond to the But the principle that is in this legis- ignore attempts to hinder its delivery. suggestion that somehow it is the lation is sound: You do not get Amer- This amendment would apply to all Democratic side of the committee that ican foreign aid if you block humani- countries which receive U.S. assist- is delaying the consideration of nomi- tarian assistance to a nation that ance. However, as we all know, the nations, legislation, treaties, and other needs it. I am pleased to be a cospon- major problem in this area today lies important matters. sor. And I hope the Senate will over- with Turkey’s blocking of United The truth is that there is not, nor whelmingly accept the amendment. States humanitarian aid to Armenia, a has there ever been, a Democratic hold Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I hope contemptible practice which has gone on the Foreign Relations Committee’s this amendment will not damage the on for over 2 years. business. It is entirely the prerogative longstanding alliance between the While Turkey has made some and within the power of our Republican United States and Turkey. progress on this issue, agreeing to open colleagues to resume the committee’s Located in one of the most volatile an air corridor to Armenia, this does business. The halt in activity is an at- regions of the world, bordered by not begin to address the problem of hu- tempt to force an amendment that is Greece, Bulgaria, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and manitarian assistance which must be supported and written and endorsed several former Soviet Republics, Tur- transported over land. The bulk of the only by Republicans. We should not key acts as a stabilizing force in the re- assistance we send to Armenia requires succumb to it simply because the pro- gion. She has stood with the United such land conveyance. ponents state erroneously that Demo- States in all its conflicts since the Sec- It is my hope that the administration cratic Members are responsible for the ond World War, from the Korean war to will work with Turkey to ensure that delay. the gulf war. She was the bulwark of all routes available for bringing hu- Mr. President, during the years that NATO’s southern flank during the cold manitarian aid to Armenia are opened. I chaired the Foreign Relations Com- war, defending 37 percent of the NATO- Opening an air corridor is only the first mittee, I always tried to move every Warsaw Pact land frontier, as well as step toward resolving this serious prob- nomination and conduct business in her Black Sea coast and the straits lem. Perhaps by working with Turkey both a timely and collegial fashion. controlling Soviet access to the Medi- on this issue, we can help to avoid ever Never—never—during those years—and terranean. having to invoke the aid cutoff called indeed during those years of service on Turkey is connected geographically, for in this amendment. the committee—since 1964—can I recall ethnically, or politically to the prob- It is important to note that this a time when the committee was lems of Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Azer- amendment includes a national secu- stopped dead in its tracks to force the baijan, Bosnia, Cyprus, Greece, Bul- rity waiver, thereby recognizing the consideration of a controversial meas- garia, Russia, Tajikistan, Syria, and Is- fact that there may be compelling na- ure. I do not think that is a proper way lamic fundamentalism. As one jour- tional security interests which require to conduct business and a tactic I have nalist has written, ‘‘Turkish foreign U.S. assistance to countries even when always—always resisted using over a policy today is a 360-degree night- the recipient is blocking humanitarian great many years. mare.’’ Now more than ever, the United aid to others. This waiver also appro- I would hate to see it being used now, States should work with Turkey as she priately preserves the President’s pre- and the Senate becoming a battlefield, continues to be the strong bridge be- rogative to conduct U.S. foreign policy. saying some of the Members will not do tween the Moslem world and the West, Turkey is an important United what they should do anyway, what her Western orientation serving as a States ally, and I realize that assist- they were hired to do, plus the treaty, model for many of the republics of the ance to Turkey is an integral part of plus the nomination, and in the mean- former Soviet Union. our foreign policy to ensure regional time say, ‘‘We will not do what we are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14029 supposed to do until you do what we If the United States and the Amer- ask unanimous consent that all pend- want you to do.’’ And I think it is a bad ican people, through everything from ing amendments be laid aside tempo- precedent. Red Cross, Catholic Charities, Decatur, rarily. I would hope that the Senate turns it and the Federal Government, respond, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there down. we respond not to say, well, we will re- objection? I yield the floor. spond to this child because they are po- Mr. PELL. There is objection. Mr. LEAHY addressed the Chair. litically correct, but not this child be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cause they have a different ideology or tion is noted. ator from Vermont. something, we respond because they Mr. HELMS. In that case, I will dis- AMENDMENT NO. 2726 are human beings suffering. We re- cuss the amendment. I can certainly do Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I under- sponded in countries that technically that. stand that we may have one or two were countries that were adversaries of The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is others who might want to speak—that ours. We responded to people. We will in order. we may not have any others that want always continue to do so. But I think Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, let me to speak on the pending amendment. when we do it, and I think when our al- read the text of the amendment that I Am I correct, Mr. President, in un- lies do, we should not be blocked from shall offer presently. It is entitled, derstanding that the pending amend- giving that humanitarian aid because ‘‘Prohibition on use of funds for relo- ment is the Dole amendment on hu- we give it not to advance a political cating Agency for International Devel- manitarian corridors? agenda of the people aided or of our opment to Federal Triangle Building.’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- own. We do it to help people suffering. Section 577. Notwithstanding any other ator is correct. So this amendment is not intended to provision of law, none of the funds appro- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I agree embarrass or cause problems with Tur- priated or otherwise made available by this with the distinguished Republican key or any other country. It is a mat- act may be used to relocate the Agency for International Development, or any part of leader on this amendment. In fact, I ter of principle. It says that the peo- would ask to be named as a cosponsor that agency, to the Federal Triangle Build- ple’s needs should not be denied aid for ing in Washington, District of Columbia. of the amendment. political reasons. We have given aid. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without When I send this amendment to the remember a time even during the cold objection, it is so ordered. desk and it is stated, the Senate will Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, one of war when those allied with the Soviet have before it a rather interesting set the greatest things the United States Union who were in need, and the of circumstances. While the Senate can do as a country with worldwide United States, like our allies, re- Foreign Relations Committee was busy reach is to help in humanitarian mat- sponded to that need when called upon approving legislation to abolish the ters. We are very, very fortunate as a to. It is like a ship hearing another Agency for International Development, country. Periodically, we have faced ship in distress. You do not ask what this very same entrenched bureaucracy devastating situations in our own flag they carry; you say they are under at AID was preparing to spend $40 mil- country. We did in Los Angeles, of distress, and we go to help them. lion to move its offices into some of So, I would say to any of our allies course, during the earthquakes. We did the most expensive real estate in the who may be concerned about such an in Florida during the hurricanes. We entire Washington area. have seen devastation of Americans in amendment, this is not intended to em- Apparently, AID officials must be- the Virgin Islands, in Puerto Rico in barrass you. It is intended to carry out lieve they are playing with Monopoly the past few days. But we are such a what has always been the policy of the money, and that the Agency for Inter- powerful nation and such a wealthy na- United States. People desperately need national Development has just landed tion that we can help each other out. help. If we can help, we do. We do this on Boardwalk. Whether it is the flood of a couple in Vermont. If a neighbor’s home or In any case, the building known as years ago in Montpelier, VT, my home- barn is on fire, or they are suddenly in- the Federal Triangle and dubbed by one town, we are America; and through our capacitated, we go to help. We do this of the Washington newspapers as ‘‘a Federal Government, we came together as world neighbors, too. blueprint for a boondoggle,’’ was origi- to help with the floods in the Midwest Mr. President, I would hope that the nally supposed to cost $362 million. But of a year ago. But there are other coun- amendment would be accepted. And its cost ended up being in the neighbor- tries that are so small and so poor that while we check to see if there are oth- hood of $700 million. Tom Sherman, when they are faced with an earth- ers coming, I was going to put in a call former Assistant Administrator at the quake or faced with tornadoes or faced for a quorum, although I see the distin- General Services Administration called with flooding, devastation, they have guished chairman on his feet. I yield to it ‘‘the project from hell.’’ nowhere to look to but the inter- him. Yet, despite congressional efforts to national community. And the United Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the abolish the Agency for International States, along with many of our allies, Chair. Development, that agency now intends The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have always responded. to burrow in at this plush, new Taj ator from Kentucky. I remember earthquakes in Armenia, Mahal on Pennsylvania Avenue, fur- Mr. MCCONNELL. I am unaware of flooding in Bangladesh, famine in Afri- anyone who wants to speak on this ther isolating itself from the Depart- ca, earthquakes in other parts of the side, nor am I aware of any calls for a ment of State. world—Mexico, for example—we have (Mrs. HUTCHISON assumed the rollcall vote. So if the distinguished responded. We have the ability to reach Chair.) ranking member can check his side, we out and fly supplies literally anywhere Mr. HELMS. Now, you will recall, will be ready to vote. in the world. We have the ability to Madam President, that early on I re- Mr. LEAHY. I wonder in the mean- send medical technicians and experts ferred to the fact that five former Sec- time if we might just suggest the ab- and rescue operations and others any- retaries of State have endorsed—and sence of a quorum. where in the world. It is something OLE Mr. MCCONNELL. I suggest the ab- now Senator D has joined in spon- that, just to stop and think, in our life- sence of a quorum. sorship—my plan was to reorganize the time, for most of us in our lifetime it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The State Department and to abolish three was impossible for any nation to even clerk will call the roll. independent Federal agencies. When I think of doing this in the way that we The bill clerk proceeded to call the say independent, I mean independent. do with the communications, the logis- roll. All three of these agencies were es- tics, just the resources. And a child Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask tablished as temporary Federal agen- suffering loss of family because of an unanimous consent that the order for cies. As I said earlier today, there is earthquake, anywhere in the world, is the quorum call be rescinded. nothing so near eternal life as a tem- a child suffering; or an adult who has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without porary Federal agency. The Agency for had their whole livelihood washed objection, it is so ordered. International Development is one of away in a flood, is an adult suffering, Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the pur- the three agencies that would be abol- no matter where they are in the world. pose of my offering an amendment—I ished under my plan to reorganize the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14030 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 State Department. And AID itself says cy for International Development nei- Suppose I should call for regular its proposed move has already cost the ther needs, nor deserves, to be an occu- order? taxpayers $13.6 million in fiscal years pant of a Taj Mahal. This facility, by The PRESIDING OFFICER. If you 1994 and 1995, and will cost at least an the way, is the second largest in the call for regular order, the question additional $27 million in fiscal years District of Columbia, the Pentagon would be on the Senator’s first amend- 1996 and 1997. being the largest. ment, No. 2707, which is pending to the When a Federal agency contemplates Now then, Madam President, I send first amendment. such a move, it usually does so with my amendment—— Mr. HELMS. I am not going to do the goal of saving taxpayers’ money. Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, what that. But that is not the goal of the Agency is the parliamentary situation? Mr. LEAHY. Further parliamentary for International Development. AID, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The inquiry. obviously, intends to go in exactly the pending question is the Dole amend- Mr. HELMS. I have not yielded the opposite direction. Right now, AID ment. floor. pays $20 million for its leases in the DC Mr. LEAHY. Does that have to be set I am perfectly willing, for my part, area, but after the move, AID will aside, or is this an amendment to the to offer my amendment as a second de- spend more than $32 million a year in Dole amendment? gree to the otherwise pending Dole rent. So this move would, in fact, in- Mr. HELMS. It was set aside, I in- amendment, of which I am a cosponsor, crease the Agency for International form the Chair. by the way. Development’s annual rent by more Mr. LEAHY. The understanding of But I think I ought to do him the than a third. the Senator from Vermont is that it courtesy of asking if he has any objec- The pending amendment, which I was not set aside. tion to that. shall send to the desk momentarily, The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am told Therefore, I suggest the absence of a would save at least $16 million next by the Parliamentarian that the Sen- quorum. year alone by prohibiting AID from ator from Rhode Island objected to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The spending any money to facilitate its Dole amendment being set aside. So clerk will call the roll. move out of the State Department. the pending business is still the DOLE The bill clerk proceeded to call the So let me explain why this move will amendment. roll. be so costly to the American tax- Mr. HELMS. I think what he objected Mr. BYRD. Madam President, I ask payers, 80 percent of whom do not like to—but I will not contest the issue— unanimous consent that the order for the foreign aid program anyhow. On was my sending the amendment to the the quorum call be rescinded. the chart next to me is the cost of desk. If that is the Chair’s ruling, fine. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without USAID’s luxury offices. The average But, Madam President—— objection, it is so ordered. cost of office space, per square foot, is Mr. LEAHY. If the Senator will with- Mr. BYRD. I shall not detain the Sen- $37 in DC, $23 in Northern Virginia, and hold, let me explain the situation, the ate long. I apologize to Senators for $20 in suburban Maryland. Had the way I understand it is. the delay, but I have to say that there Agency for International Development Madam President, I do not want to are too many things happening today. chosen one of those sites. But, oh, no, stop the Senator from bringing this or I was tied up in an appropriations AID chose the luxury building. Look at any other amendment up, unless it is conference on the Transportation ap- the cost—$55 per square foot. You can something that requires a point of propriations bill when I understood see what that is. The chart clearly order. But we have one amendment that Mr. Dole had offered his amend- shows that the average cost to lease pending, and that was set aside to take ment and hoped to have a vote soon. space in either Virginia or Maryland is up an amendment by the distinguished Therefore, with that explanation, I less than $29 per square foot. Even in Republican leader. I would like to start shall proceed now to what I have to say central Washington the going rate for getting some of these things that are otherwise. leasing space is $37 per square foot. backed up here voted on one way or the Senator DOLE has offered an amend- But, at this moment, under the terms other. I would like to get the humani- ment which, although it does not spell negotiated by the Agency for Inter- tarian one done and then go to others. out by name the country Turkey, it is national Development and the General I say that only because I am afraid clearly aimed at Turkey. The amend- Services Administration, AID intends we will keep having amendments after ment, a repeat of S. 230, the Humani- to lease space in the Federal Triangle amendments out here in ether and tarian Aid Corridors Act, cuts U.S. as- building for a minimum—that is a min- about 9 o’clock or 10 o’clock tonight sistance to countries that ‘‘prohibit or imum—of $55 per square foot, which is when everybody will be coming to the restrict the transport or delivery of far more than any private business in distinguished Senator from Kentucky United States humanitarian assist- Washington would agree to pay. It does and myself saying, ‘‘When will we go ance’’ to other countries. It is clearly not take a rocket scientist to perceive home? on the outside chance we will aimed at Turkey’s refusal to allow aid that the people at the Agency for see our family again,’’ and then we to pass through Turkey to Armenia. International Development have been start voting. I would like to say I have been listen- snookered in this deal—whether they I know that is not the intent of the ing to statements that have been made knew it or not is yet to be determined. distinguished Senator from North and I would like to, as Paul Harvey More shocking, I suppose, is that the Carolina, but I wonder if maybe we says on the radio—or used to say, I do Agency for International Development could get rid of the one that is there not get a chance to listen to him any- intends to lease a substantial amount once the Senators who wish to speak more—tell ‘‘the rest of the story.’’ Why of what it calls structurally-changed on it do, and then go on to more. does Turkey restrict the passage of aid space for more than $97 per square foot, I know that an objection was made to Armenia? Or, I should say, why did and that is three times the fair market by the distinguished Senator from Turkey restrict the passage of aid to value of this space. Rhode Island, and I will at least for the Armenia, since Turkey opened the air So, Madam President, while some of moment—I am sure the Senator from corridor from Erzurum to Yerevan on us in Congress are working to abolish North Carolina understands we have to April 20, 1995, subject to the establish- the Agency for International Develop- protect that objection. ment of direct communication links ment, the Agency for International De- The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am told and an aviation protocol between the velopment, itself, has been busily fig- by the Parliamentarian that the Sen- two countries? uring out ways to spend even more ator from North Carolina could offer a Prior to 1993, Turkey allowed hun- Federal Government money—meaning second-degree amendment to the Dole dreds of tons of third party assistance the taxpayers’ money—with this new amendment without unanimous con- to pass through its territory and air- move to this high-rent district. sent. space to Armenia. But in 1993, Armenia So I say, Madam President, I hope Mr. HELMS. Let me ask a parliamen- escalated the conflict in Nagorno- the Senate will vote to give the tax- tary question of the Chair. I know the Karabakh, an autonomous region of payers a break for a change. The Agen- answer before I ask. ethnic Armenians located within the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14031 Republic of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and military security allowed Turkey to the RECORD in its entirety at this Armenia are both neighbors of Turkey. stand bravely with the West, in the point, as well as a statement by Nick Currently, more than 20 percent of Az- face of some internal opposition, Burns, Office of the Spokesman, U.S. erbaijani territory is occupied by Ar- against Saddam Hussein, and all this Department of State, dated April 30, menia, and one of every seven despite a 331 kilometer border with 1995, and I yield the floor. Azerbaijanis is a refugee in his own Iraq. Turkey has paid the price for that There being no objection, the mate- country. At the time, the official U.S. cooperation. It closed the oil pipeline rial was ordered to be printed in the reaction was to condemn the Armenian from Iraq, losing millions in revenues. RECORD, as follows: offensive, which undermined the CSCE- It has supported the economic sanc- THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, sponsored—Conference on Security and tions against Iraq, previously its sec- WASHINGTON, DC, Cooperation in Europe—CSCE-spon- ond largest trading partner. It made May 24, 1995. sored peace process. Human rights quite a sacrifice in doing that. Over Hon. RICHARD GEPHARDT, groups have chronicled the human 2,700 air sorties to strike Iraq origi- Minority Leader, U.S. House of Representatives, rights abuses against Azerbaijan. In nated in Incirlik, Turkey. Since the war, over 23,000 sorties flown over Iraq Washington, DC. February 1995, the Human Rights DEAR REPRESENTATIVE GEPHARDT: I am Watch/Helsinki group published a 118- to protect the Kurds in northern Iraq deeply concerned by some of the rec- page report on the subject, entitled have been flown from bases in Turkey. ommendations of the Committee on Inter- ‘‘Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in The U.S. Operation Provide Comfort to national Relations regarding the American the Nagorno-Karabakh.’’ Madam Presi- support the Kurds in Iraq would not be Overseas Interests Act of 1995 (H.R. 1561), dent, if human rights were the real possible without the support of the particularly as they affect the President’s International Affairs (150) budget request. issue here, perhaps aid to Armenia Turkish government and its people. Both Secretary of Defense Perry and The 150 budget is critical to our ability to should also be reduced. protect our nation’s security interests. So, I say this just to say that this is Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Shalikashvili, have written Though these funds are provided in the 150 a matter that is so more complicated account, the Department of Defense has a di- than has been presented thus far. The letters in support of a continued strong rect stake in the outcome of this debate, be- government of Turkey is not to be said U.S.-Turkish relationship. A continued cause they directly support our national se- strong relationship with Turkey is in to be acting capriciously. It has re- curity program. our interest. It is in the interests of H.R. 1561, as reported by the Committee, sponded to the concerns of its own citi- Turkey. It is in the interests of Israel. would authorize 150 programs at signifi- zens, who are culturally closer to the It is in the interests of Greece. cantly reduced levels. Adequate Inter- Azeris than to the Armenians. Public Poorly disguised pro-Armenian, anti- national Affairs funding, however, is essen- opinion in Turkey, something that we Turkish amendments and bills serve tial to crisis prevention and gives us an al- respect a great deal in this country, only to undermine the support that the ternative to unilateral U.S. action in support of our interests. For example, foreign affairs would not support assistance going to United States needs to serve our inter- Armenia. Humanitarian aid to Arme- spending can mitigate internal and regional ests in sustaining Iraqi sanctions, hon- conflicts that, left to fester, could require nia, which would allow that nation to oring our promise to protect the Kurds U.S. military logistical involvement and pos- concentrate on a military offensive in in northern Iraq, promoting modera- sibly direct intervention, with escalating Azerbaijan while still addressing the tion in Middle East politics, and main- human and material costs. The costs of such needs of its own people, while Azeris taining the NATO alliance. contingencies are borne primarily in the were being turned into refugees, simply Madam President, this amendment DOD budget at the expense of military readi- could not be tolerated. Cutting off the does contain a waiver for national se- ness. Underfunding the International Affairs passage of aid was a political decision, curity reasons. I hope that, should this budget, in my view, runs the risk that the designed to help push for the end of the amendment be adopted, the President United States will be unable to protect its interests except with military force. conflict between Armenia and Azer- will exercise that waiver and maintain I am also disturbed by some provisions of baijan as quickly as possible. This is a strong and important U.S.-Turkish H.R. 1561 which would impose unnecessary not unreasonable, but it is understand- relationship. restrictions on the ability of the President able. I ask unanimous consent to have to conduct U.S. foreign policy. Its prohibi- I would also note, as an aside, that printed in the RECORD the letter from tion on assistance to countries which in any Armenia is slated to receive $85 million the Secretary of Defense, Mr. William way restrict the flow of U.S. humanitarian in U.S. assistance from this bill. How- Perry, dated May 24, 1995, in which let- aid would unduly damage our important se- ever, as there is some question as to ter Mr. Perry writes as follows: curity relationship with Turkey. Cutting off security assistance to this important West- I am also disturbed by some provisions of Armenia’s cooperation in allowing hu- ern-style democracy would only hurt our ef- H.R. 1561 which would impose unnecessary manitarian aid to reach Azerbaijan, it forts to contain the threats in the Middle restrictions on the ability of the President is not entirely clear that Armenia will East. Other restrictions in H.R. 1561 would to conduct U.S. foreign policy. Its prohibi- not also be caught in the net that is hinder our ability to implement and fund the tion on assistance to countries which in any being woven in this amendment for way restrict the flow of U.S. humanitarian Agreed Framework with North Korea, under- Turkey. aid would unduly damage our important se- cutting our achievements in preventing the Finally, I would like to again remind curity relations with Turkey. spread of nuclear weapons. Finally, H.R. 1561 would restrict our ability to contribute to my colleagues of the many sound rea- And, also, a letter written to rep- sons the United States has for main- international organizations which can help resentative SONNY CALLAHAN, member shoulder our security burden. taining a strong relationship with Tur- of the House Appropriations Com- I appreciate the support for military as- key. I have only yesterday noted the mittee, and signed by the chairman of sistance activities, particularly IMET, in- unique position of Turkey as a mod- the Joint Chiefs of Staff, John M. cluded in H.R. 1561. However, for the reasons erate, predominately Muslim nation, a Shalikashvili, in which he states—I stated above, I would recommend that the President veto the bill if it were presented to representative democracy in a region will include this in the RECORD: that is increasingly becoming him in its present form. Imposing more restrictions on this valued Sincerely, radicalized and extremist. Turkey was ally will only hinder our attempts to encour- WILLIAM J. PERRY. among the first nations to recognize age progress and bring about lasting change. The Turks are proud people, and respect for Israel, and it has been an example and Hon. SONNY CALLAHAN, a supporter of peace in the Middle the military is a time-honored tradition. By House Appropriations Committee, East. withdrawing support for them and taking on Washington, DC. the role of adversary, we lose access to key Turkey is also a member of NATO, DEAR MR. CALLAHAN: Thank you for the decision makers. Recent progress combined and during the Cold War was respon- opportunity to provide my views on the mili- with Turkey’s unquestioned strategic impor- tary importance of Turkey. Now that Tur- sible for defending 37 percent of the tance, should drive the United States to in- NATO/Warsaw Pact border, along the key occupies the new front line in the post- crease support to Turkey in order to achieve Cold War era, the strategic value to the strategically critical Southern Front. our objectives, not destroy bilateral rela- United States of having a staunch and stead- Turkey continues to maintain a large tions. fast ally situated in a critical strategic loca- military, like the United States, but Madam President, I ask unanimous tion in the flanks and Middle East cannot be unlike most other NATO allies. This consent that the letter be printed in overstated.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 Turkey has had a tradition of supporting logue regarding human rights and found him majority of people are Armenian by Western interests over the past 50 years. to be willing to assist in moving forward heritage. Again, I say this as someone From 1950 to 1953, Turkey provided a 4,500- with new measures aimed at enhancing who has not visited the area, but there man infantry brigade to join the United Turkish democracy and human rights. The is a division of opinion within States in the U.N. effort in Korea. Turkish Turkish military leadership is backing forces fought with enormous valor and dis- progress on human rights and is ready to Karabakh. Some of them want that as tinction. Turkey was also the bulwark of make a concerted effort to see democratiza- an independent country. Some of them NATO’s southern flank during nearly the en- tion legislation pass. Imposing more restric- want Karabakh to be part of Armenia. tire Cold War, defending 37% of the NATO- tions on this valued ally will only hinder our But the Government of Armenia, Warsaw Pact land frontier, as well as Tur- attempts to encourage progress and bring while clearly the sympathy and public key’s Black Sea coast and the straits con- about lasting change. The Turks are proud opinion in Armenia is powerful just as trolling Soviet access to the Mediterranean. people, and respect for the military is a it is in Turkey—Senator BYRD men- During Operations Desert Shield and time-honored tradition. By withdrawing sup- Desert Storm, Turkey was a stalwart sup- port for them and taking on the role of ad- tioned public opinion in Turkey—the porter of the United States and coalition ef- versary, we lose access to key decision mak- Government of Armenia has assisted forts. Turkey allowed the deployment of ers. Recent progress combined with Turkey’s by providing electricity to Karabakh, Joint Task Force Proven Force fighters and unquestioned strategic importance, should and there is at least the strong possi- other aircraft to Incirlik Air Base. The drive the United States to increase support Turks allowed strike missions against Iraq bility, maybe a probability, that they to Turkey in order to achieve our objectives, from Incirlik—almost 2,700 sorties were have provided some weapons to assist not destroy bilateral relations. flown from Turkish territory. The Turks the government there. Whether that Your support in ensuring continued mili- have paid a heavy price for their support of has been done by the government or tary assistance to Turkey is appreciated. the coalition during the Gulf War, due not Please do not hesitate to call if I can be of whether it has been done surrep- only to the closing of the Turkish-Iraqi oil further assistance. titiously just by volunteers I frankly pipeline but also as a result of sanctions Sincerely, do not know. But there is in that re- against Iraq, formerly Turkey’s second larg- OHN M. SHALIKASHVILI, est trading partner. As of 19 June, the coali- J gion now a cease-fire, and there is tion has flown over 23,000 sorties out of Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. movement toward negotiation. Incirlik in support of humanitarian oper- There have been small steps forward. ations protecting the Kurds of northern Iraq. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, And one of the small steps forward was OFFICE OF THE SPOKESMAN, Further, without Turkish military support, mentioned by Senator BYRD. When the our humanitarian operations in Provide April 20, 1995. [Statement by Nick Burns, Spokesman] Prime Minister of Turkey—and right Comfort would have long since been termi- now the Prime Minister of Turkey is nated and Saddam Hussein would have sub- TURKEY: OPENING OF AIR CORRIDOR WITH trying to reorganize the Government of jugated the Kurds of northern Iraq. ARMENIA Turkey, as I am sure Senator BYRD is Additionally, the Turks have stood with us The United States is pleased to note that in Somalia, contributing 350 troops and the the government of Turkey has decided to re- aware. But she has shown some small commander of the military elements of the open an air corridor to Armenia. This should steps toward reconciliation with Arme- U.N. force after U.S. forces withdrew. They help the flow of humanitarian aid to Arme- nia. We ought to be encouraging those also support current operations in Deny nia. It represents the first concrete step in small steps, and other steps to be Flight and Sharp Guard with over 1,500 what appears to be a warming trend in Turk- troops in UNPROFOR in Bosnia. Turkey rep- taken. That is the aim of this resolu- ish-Armenian relations, and can help further tion. resents a positive role in the Middle East efforts for peace in Nagorno-Karabakh and peace equation and uses traditional influ- Mr. BYRD. Will the Senator yield stability in the region. ence with the Central Asian Republics to just at that point? spread democratic values, secular principles, Mr. SIMON addressed the Chair. Mr. SIMON. I am pleased to yield. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and to promote market-based economies. In Mr. BYRD. We should be encouraging our endeavors to reduce tensions in the Ae- ator from Illinois is recognized. gean between Greece and Turkey, the Turk- Mr. SIMON. Madam President, let me additional steps. I am just not sure ish military has been forthcoming in pro- respond just briefly to my friend from that this is the way to go about it. viding unilateral good faith gestures toward West Virginia, and he is my friend. I Mr. SIMON. That is where my friend the Greeks and working with us to establish have tremendous respect for him, and and I differ. I think this is a way to military-to-military Confidence Building he gives us a historical perspective not send a message, and as the Senator Measures to bring about a reduction in ten- from West Virginia has pointed out, we sions. only in the Senate but from the cen- Turkey’s continued participation NATO as turies. If you visit the Simon house- have flexibility in here. The President a strong ally of the U.S. remains vitally im- hold you will see in our dining room a can negate this. The President can say portant as new security arrangements evolve print of a painting by a young ROBERT it is in our national interest to go in Europe. Next to the U.S., Turkey main- BYRD done some years ago. I forget the ahead despite this violation. So I think tains the largest standing army in NATO. We year. I am sure ROBERT BYRD could tell it is wise. have supported their efforts to modernize One other point Senator BYRD makes commensurate with the threats they face in us the year of that painting. this rough neighborhood. While some of Tur- Mr. BYRD. It would have to be at that I think is a point which we should key’s neighbors continue development of least, Madam President, 100 years ago keep in mind—not only in this but in weapons of mass destruction, Turkey faces for me to have been young. other things. Turkey is predominantly increasing fiscal constraints in efforts to [Laughter] a Moslem country. We are going to modernize and remains vulnerable to the Although I feel that my spirit is still have to be more sensitive to the Mos- threats posed by these weapons. young. lem world than we have been. We have It is my understanding some individuals in the United States more Moslems would eliminate military assistance to Tur- Mr. SIMON. But let me, Madam key based on human rights concerns. The President, respond to what Senator than we have Presbyterians today, one Turkish military is actively engaging in ef- BYRD had to say. When he called this a of the amazing statistics, at least as it forts to improve human rights awareness poorly disguised anti-Turkey amend- applies to me when I learned it. That is among its personnel. Progress is visible in ment, both Senator DOLE and I men- why I think what we did in Somalia by their newfound willingness to discuss this tioned in discussing the amendment helping the people of Somalia was very sensitive issue openly. They have instituted initially that it would immediately af- important, and I think it was one of new rules of engagement for all military op- George Bush’s finest hours despite the erations and provided additional training to fect Turkey. There has been no at- many soldiers assigned to anti-terrorist op- tempt to hide that. Though the prin- criticism that sometimes is made of erations. While the recent operations in ciple, we think, is sound, a nation that our small reaction. northern Iraq drew sharp criticism from denies humanitarian assistance to an- But the principle that is established many of Turkey’s European neighbors, evi- other nation should not get American here in the Dole amendment I think is dence indicates that Turkish military went foreign aid. sound. Does it apply to Turkey right to great lengths to protect the lives of inno- On the situation in Karabakh, I have now? Yes. Will it apply in other situa- cent civilians while destroying terrorist base not visited that region. I have visited tions in the future? Yes. Do we have camps. There has been, in short, significant progress on the human rights front. Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, and flexibility with it? Yes. Because we I have personally engaged General Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. permit the President of the United Karadayl, Turkey’s Chief of Defense, in dia- Karabakh is a region where the large States to have a waiver.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14033 So I think the resolution should be ate will not adopt this amendment. If Mr. LEAHY. We seem to have a com- adopted. I hope we will accept it, and it does, I hope that the President will munication problem. move ahead. exercise the authority to waive this Might we enter a quorum call for just Again, I make clear that neither on provision. a moment? the part of Senator DOLE nor on my I yield the floor. Mr. HELMS. Fine. part is this designed as an anti-Turkey Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I sug- amendment. It is a message, however, I do not believe there are any other gest the absence of a quorum. to the Turkish Government. speakers on this side of the aisle on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Madam President, I yield the floor. Dole amendment, nor do I have a re- clerk will call the roll. Mr. BYRD addressed the Chair. quest for a rollcall vote. So I think we The assistant legislative clerk pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- are ready to move forward. ceeded to call the roll. ator from West Virginia is recognized. Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I Mr. HELMS. Madam President, I ask Mr. BYRD. Madam President, my dis- would be perfectly happy, since no one unanimous consent that further pro- tinguished friend says that this amend- is requesting a rollcall vote on this ceedings under the quorum call be dis- ment sends a message. He interprets side, to go with a voice vote. the message in a different way from pensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the way I interpret it. That is what I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without question is on agreeing to the amend- am concerned about. It will not be in- objection, it is so ordered. ment. terpreted in Turkey as the way, per- Mr. HELMS. I thank the Chair. The amendment (No. 2726) was agreed haps, Senator SIMON wants it to be. I AMENDMENT NO. 2727 TO COMMITTEE to. cannot speak authoritatively, of AMENDMENT ON PAGE 2, LINE 25 Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, course. But I do not believe this is the (Purpose: To prohibit the use of funds for re- I move to reconsider the vote. way to send a positive message to the locating the Agency for International De- Mr. LEAHY. I move to lay that mo- Turks. I am concerned that we will velopment to the Federal Triangle Build- tion on the table. ing, Washington, District of Columbia) send a message that backfires. I have The motion to lay on the table was no particular ax to grind for Turkey, or Mr. HELMS. Madam President, oh, agreed to. for Greece, or for Israel. I am not anti- about 30, 40 minutes ago I was delayed Mr. MCCONNELL. I suggest the ab- Turkey. I am not anti-Armenian. I am in having my amendment, which is now sence of a quorum. not anti-Israel, and I am not anti- at the desk, stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Greek. I am pro all of them. But I am When I asked unanimous consent to clerk will call the roll. even more pro-American. My first in- have all amendments laid aside, except The assistant legislative clerk pro- terest and my last interest, and my in- the committee amendment, there was ceeded to call the roll. terest all the time, is in what I feel to an objection. Now there is no objec- Mr. HELMS. Madam President, I ask be the best interests of the United tion, as I understand it. So I now ask unanimous consent that the order for States of America. that the amendment be stated. I think we sometimes offer amend- the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ments that may appeal to this, or that, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection? or some other special interest group or objection, it is so ordered. If not, the clerk will read the amend- lobby, and there are some pretty pow- Mr. HELMS. I wish to inquire of the ment. erful ones that can sway a lot of votes managers or acting manager, as the The assistant legislative clerk read in this Senate. I suppose in that re- case may be, is there now any objec- as follows: gard, I might wish that Turkey had a tion to my setting aside temporarily The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. more powerful American lobby. Turkey the pending amendment so that I can HELMS] proposes an amendment numbered does not have a powerful lobby in this have stated the amendment that I have 2727 to the committee amendment on page 2, country. And for that matter neither already discussed? line 25. do the American people. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The amendment is as follows: I am here lobbying for the American objection? At the appropriate place in the committee people. I do not claim to be more patri- Mr. LEAHY. I am not sure I under- amendment insert the following: stand the question. There was some otic than any other Senator. I do not PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR RELOCATING ascribe any ulterior purpose to anyone. noise here, and I literally could not AID TO FEDERAL TRIANGLE BUILDING hear the Senator. We are all patriotic. But I am afraid SEC. 577. Notwithstanding any other provi- that we may weaken and undermine The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is the sion of law, none of the funds appropriated or the interests of our own country when Senator from North Carolina asking otherwise made available by this Act may be we become a little overly enthusiastic that the pending amendment be set used to relocate the Agency for Inter- at times in sending so-called messages aside so that he can offer his amend- national Development, or any part of that to countries that are our friends, and ment? agency, to the Federal Triangle Building in Washington, District of Columbia. that have demonstrated time and time Mr. HELMS. All pending amend- again their friendship towards the ments. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, while the United States. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All pend- Senate Foreign Relations Committee Look at the strategic position of Tur- ing amendments. That is the question. was busy approving legislation abol- key on the map. The people of Israel, Is there objection to setting aside all ishing the Agency for International De- and the people of Greece should recog- the pending amendments so the Sen- velopment, the entrenched bureaucracy nize that there is a strong Turkey pro- ator from North Carolina—— at AID has been preparing to spend $40 tecting their flanks and their security Mr. HELMS. Madam President, if I million to move its offices into some of interests. There are forces within Tur- inferred or if I implied that I want to the most expensive real estate in the key that are striving to turn Turkey’s set aside the committee amendment, I entire Washington area. Apparently, face away from the West and may do not want to do that. AID officials think they are playing someday succeed in converting Turkey The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is with monopoly money and that AID into another Iran. Then where would correct. has just landed on Boardwalk. Israel be? Then where would Greece be? Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I am The building, known as the Federal Then where would NATO be? Our own not sure. Has the Senator made that Triangle and dubbed by the Wash- security interests would suffer. I am request, or was he asking Senator ington Times a ‘‘Blueprint for a Boon- just pro United States, and I see Tur- MCCONNELL as the manager, and myself doggle,’’ was originally supposed to key as a friend, an ally. So we cannot as the ranking manager whether we cost $362 million but its cost has soared afford to insult her. It seems that we would accept such a request? That was to $700 million. Tom Sherman, former have a proclivity for wanting to slap my problem. assistant administrator of GSA called Turkey around—to send a ‘‘message.’’ Mr. HELMS. The communication will it the project from Hell. Yet, despite Madam President, I respect the views go all the way down. I do not under- congressional efforts to abolish AID, of other Senators, but I hope the Sen- stand what the Senator said. they intend to burrow-in at this plush,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 new Taj Mahal on Pennsylvania Ave- other than amendments that the dis- The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. BINGA- nue, further isolating AID from the De- tinguished chairman of the Foreign Re- MAN] proposes an amendment numbered 2728. partment of State. lations Committee may have and that The amendment is as follows: According to AID, its proposed move the majority leader may have. So I At the appropriate place insert the fol- has already cost taxpayers $13.6 million would like to encourage—and I see one lowing: in fiscal years 1994 and 1995 and will of those Senators here on the floor, the SEC. . PROTECTION OF HUMANITARIAN EF- cost at least an additional $27 million distinguished Senator from New Mex- FORTS. Notwithstanding any provision of law to in fiscal years 1996 and 1997. Now, when ico. the contrary: a Federal agency contemplates a move, Again, let me repeat, we are down to (a) FAMILY SUPPORT PAYMENTS.—Residents it usually does so with the goal of sav- about four or five amendments that of the United States shall not be prohibited ing taxpayers money. But AID intends will require a rollcall vote, other than from sending to their parents, siblings, to do just the opposite. Right now, AID the amendments that may be offered spouses, or children currently residing in pays $20 million annually for its leases by the distinguished chairman of the Cuba small amounts of money (not to exceed $200 per month) to be used for the purchase in the D.C. area. After the move, AID Foreign Relations Committee and by the majority leader. So that is where of basic necessities, including food, clothing, plans to spend more than $32 million a household supplies, rent, medicine, and med- year in rent—so this move would actu- we are at the moment. I see Senator ical care. ally increase AID’s annual rent by BINGAMAN here. (b) COMPASSIONATE TRAVEL.—Residents of more than one-third. Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, the the United States shall not be prohibited The pending amendment would save Senator includes in that—so we make from traveling to Cuba for a period up to at least $16 million next year by pro- sure we understand—one that would thirty (30) days to attend to a medical emer- gency involving, or to attend the funeral of, hibiting AID from spending any money obviously require a rollcall. That would be the major reorganization such resident’s parent, sibling, spouse, or to facilitate its move out of the State child. Department. amendment that we debated earlier (c) NATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF.—The Let me attempt to explain why this today. United States shall not be prohibited from move will be so costly to the tax- Mr. MCCONNELL. I say to my friend participating in humanitarian relief efforts payers. The chart next to me illus- from Vermont that is one of the of multilateral organizations of which the trates how much AID intends to spend amendments of the distinguished United States is a member, where such hu- manitarian relief efforts are made in the per square foot for this new lease as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. aftermath of a natural disaster on the island compared to lease costs elsewhere in of Cuba. the Washington area. Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, while we are waiting for just some adminis- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, this The chart clearly shows that the av- amendment, as the language of the erage cost to lease space in Washington trative work being done on an amend- ment which is about to be offered, we amendment just read indicates, is an is less than $29 per square foot. Even in effort to put the Senate on record and central Washington, the going rate for have here, at least as it came out of committee, basically a very straight- the Congress on record as favoring pro- lease space is only $37 per square foot. tection of some basic humanitarian ef- But right now, under the terms nego- forward appropriations bill. The distin- guished chairman and myself worked forts made by Americans on behalf of tiated between AID and the General the Cuban people. Services Administration [GSA], AID very, very hard on this. We tried to ac- commodate the concerns and desires of More importantly, it also allows intends to lease space in the Federal Cuban-Americans currently residing in Triangle building for a minimum of $55 Republicans and Democrats alike in the Appropriations Committee and oth- the United States to ease the suffering per square foot—far more than any pri- of immediate family members who vate business in Washington would ers who came to us with amendments. Those things that we could not agree they may have still remaining in Cuba. agree to pay. It does not take a mathe- First, the amendment would allow on when we did it, we had votes in the matician to know that the folks at AID Cuban-Americans and American citi- committee on them. have been snookered on this deal. zens who currently reside in the United We are now, on the 21st of Sep- More shocking, AID intends to lease States to provide modest cash remit- tember, 9 days before the end of the fis- a substantial amount of what it calls tances of not more than $200 a month cal year, on one of the 13 major appro- structurally changed space for more to immediate family members. priation bills that have to be passed. than $97 per square foot—triple the The reason that this is an important Frankly, I would like to see—and I sus- fairmarket value of this space. So, provision is that, as I understand it, we pect the distinguished chairman agrees while Congress is working to abolish presently have in place a policy or Ex- with this—I would like to see if some- AID, AID is busy figuring out ways to ecutive order that is prohibiting those time by early evening we could just spend more Federal money with this remittances. That has been in place vote and pass all of these; either vote move to the high-rent district. ever since we were negotiating some- Mr. President, let us give the tax- these amendments up or vote them time last year with the Cuban Govern- payers a break. AID does not need a down, and then vote up or vote down on ment. I do not believe that this will new Taj Mahal. the final bill. And I urge our colleagues hurt any efforts to bring democracy to I yield the floor. to work toward that end. Cuba or aid the Cuban Government, Frankly, my willingness to accept or The PRESIDING OFFICER. The but it will go a great distance in aiding accommodate amendments diminishes amendment is pending. or in easing the suffering of the Cuban The question is on agreeing to the as the Dracula hour approaches. I yield people. amendment. the floor. Second, the amendment would pro- Mr. BINGAMAN addressed the Chair. So the amendment (No. 2727) was tect the rights of Cuban-Americans to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GOR- agreed to. travel to Cuba in the event of a med- TON). The Senator from New Mexico is C ical emergency or death in their imme- Mr. M CONNELL. I move to recon- recognized. sider the vote. diate family. Cuban-Americans would AMENDMENT NO. 2728 Mr. LEAHY. I move to lay that mo- be able to travel for periods of up to 30 (Purpose: To allow residents of the United tion on the table. States to send to their immediate family days for such emergencies. I am sure The motion to lay on the table was members in Cuba small amounts of money my colleagues would agree that any in- agreed to. to pay for basic necessities such as food, dividual should be able to freely travel Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the clothing, and medical care) in order to attend the funeral of a fam- Chair. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ily member or deal with a family med- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- send an amendment to the desk and ical emergency. ator from Kentucky is recognized. ask for its immediate consideration. Finally, the amendment says that Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the United States would not be prohib- it is my understanding we are down to objection, the clerk will report. ited from participating in humani- about four or five amendments left The assistant legislative clerk read tarian efforts of multilateral organiza- that would require a rollcall vote, as follows: tions in the aftermath of any natural

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14035 disaster that might occur involving the Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and distinguished gentleman over in the island of Cuba. These international ef- nays. House, chairman of the House Inter- forts or humanitarian efforts referred The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a national Relations Committee, and I to would be efforts initiated by multi- sufficient second? would be able to act on our respective lateral organizations of which we are There is a sufficient second. reservations about the authorization already a member, and we, of course, The yeas and nays were ordered. bill when it went to conference. Now would be aiding in relief efforts The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there all of that is out the window—at least through those organizations. further debate on the amendment? for the time being. So, as it turned out, Mr. President, I am sure that all Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, we need to withhold from going to the BEN GILMAN and I never got the Members of the Senate will agree that chance. the protection of these basic humani- vote. We have not cleared the time yet on this side. There are a number of improvements tarian efforts by Americans and Cuban- Mr. President, I suggest the ab- that can and should be made to this Americans on behalf of the Cuban peo- sence—— legislation. But let me offer some pure- ple and family members is the right Mr. HELMS. If the Senator will with- ly personal and fundamental problems thing to do. We may have serious dis- hold. Would the Senator like to set that I have with the so-called Middle agreements about United States policy aside the pending amendment so I can East Peace Facilitation Act, which is and how that policy can best achieve call up another amendment? now pending. democracy in Cuba, but surely we can Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, is If you wonder if I trust Yasser all agree that such a policy should not the distinguished Senator from North Arafat, the answer is ‘‘no.’’ His hands be inhumane to the people of that Carolina suggesting that we handle are bloody; his career is smeared with country. the—I do not see a number on this— unspeakable acts of terrorism. I will Our Government’s dispute with the PLO amendment? never fully understand how the leaders Cuban Government should not inter- Mr. HELMS. Middle East peace, yes. of Israel could reach the decision to fere with clearly humanitarian efforts Mr. McCONNELL. It is my under- turn over land to Arafat, a man whose and basic family rights of Cuban-Amer- standing that that has been cleared by creed calls for the destruction of the icans residing in this country. both sides. Is that Senator LEAHY’s un- Mr. President, I believe it is impor- nation of Israel, and whose co-conspira- derstanding? tors have referred to Israel as the tant for the Senate to be on record in Mr. LEAHY. I am doublechecking ‘‘eternal enemy.’’ support of this, particularly in light of that right now. If it is, we can dispense some of the Executive orders that have with it in about 2 minutes. Maybe we Will this peace process convince been issued recently. can save ourselves even more time if Arafat that he cannot promote peace I urge my colleagues to support the we can withhold for just a couple of while he is winking at gun-toting ter- amendment. I yield the floor. minutes. rorists in Hamas? I do not know, but I Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I suggest Mr. HELMS. In any case, if the Sen- frankly doubt it. Will it matter to the absence of a quorum. ator will yield, I do have a statement Arafat that the Congress of the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The which would take 5, 10 minutes in con- States regards Jerusalem as the capital clerk will call the roll. nection with the amendment. of Israel, and that this Congress has The legislative clerk proceeded to Mr. LEAHY. I have no problem with not the slightest predisposition or in- call the roll. that at all. That might kill two birds tent to help finance PLO offices in Je- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask with one stone. rusalem? I think not. unanimous consent that the order for Mr. HELMS. I thank the managers of One thing is certain about the Middle the quorum call be rescinded. the bill. I shall be as brief as possible. East Peace Facilitation Act of 1995, the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without This amendment, as I understand it, pending amendment. One thing or the objection, it is so ordered. has been cleared on both sides. I hope Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask other is going to happen. Yasser Arafat that is correct. will have a final opportunity to dem- unanimous consent that Senator PELL, Mr. President, Senator PELL, the dis- the Senator from Rhode Island, be list- onstrate that for once a leopard can tinguished Senator from Rhode Island change its spots. He will have an oppor- ed as a cosponsor of the amendment. and ranking member of the Foreign Re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tunity to astonish everybody by dem- lations Committee, and I and the sev- objection, it is so ordered. onstrating that he does indeed wish to Mr. HELMS addressed the Chair. eral other cosponsors of the Middle join the ranks of the decent and honor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- East Peace Facilitation Act of 1995 in- able in this violent and troubled world. ator from North Carolina. troduced our bill, S. 1064, on July 21, He may astonish me, and I pray that he Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, will the with the now-obvious overly-optimistic can and that he will. Chair inform me as to what the lineup assumption that it could and would be All around are leaders willing to risk of amendments is as they now stand? incorporated into the State Depart- giving Yasser Arafat one last chance. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment authorization bill. fear that I know what is going to hap- ate is considering an amendment of the I shall not recount the well-known pen down the road, and not very far Senator from New Mexico, amendment reasons why the Foreign Relations down the road. As is so often said, No. 2728. Committee’s State Department author- ‘‘let’s give peace a chance,’’ even if it Mr. HELMS. That is the pending ization bill was given such scant con- proves to be one last exercise in futil- business. There are three other amend- sideration by the minority of the Sen- ity. ments in line, are there not? ate, except to say that it ran into bu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two reaucratic bombardment from the I have several amendments to offer, other amendments were set aside. One State Department, the White House, none of which will kill the peace proc- is an amendment of the Senator from and a coterie of independent agency bu- ess, and the PLO can comply with each and every one of them if Yasser Arafat Alaska, Mr. MURKOWSKI, and the other reaucrats who were tormented by the an amendment by the distinguished very idea that their multibillion dollar has even a spark of genuineness in him. Senator from North Carolina for him- playpens might be broken up, which, I First, although Senators may not be self and for Senator DOLE. might add, was precisely the intent of aware of it, the PLO has at least 10 of- Mr. HELMS. May I ask the manager my piece of legislation. fices operating within the city limits of the bill, do they intend to accept the In any case, here we are with the of Jerusalem. The PLO does not belong amendment? Does the Senator from Foreign Relations Committee’s author- in Jerusalem. If those offices are not New Mexico intend to ask for the yeas ization bill now in part tacked onto the shut down within 6 months, then under and nays on his amendment? appropriations bill. this amendment, all U.S. aid to the Mr. BINGAMAN. In response to the I certainly find no joy in that set of PLO would be cut off. Senator from North Carolina, I was circumstances. The authorization bill, Second, 2 years ago Yasser Arafat hoping to have a vote on the amend- S. 1964, had bipartisan support, in part pledged he would cooperate in pro- ment that I have offered. I would be because there was a fairly explicit pre- viding information regarding the fate glad to do that at this time. sumption that Chairman GILMAN, the of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14036 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 an Israeli-American soldier captured The legislative clerk read as follows: tarian corridor amendment, of which I by a PLO faction. To the best of any- The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. was a cosponsor. I ask unanimous con- body’s knowledge, he has not done HELMS] proposes an amendment numbered sent that the distinguished Senator that. No doubt there is information in 2729. from Nevada [Mr. REID] be added as a Mr. Arafat’s hands about other Ameri- Mr. HELMS. I ask unanimous con- cosponsor. cans held by the PLO and those affili- sent reading of the amendment be dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ated with the PLO. pensed with. objection, it is so ordered. The President of the United States, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I suggest under this amendment, must certify objection, it is so ordered. the absence of a quorum. that Yasser Arafat is being specifically The amendment is as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The helpful in the search by the United On page 113, lines 25 and 26, strike ‘‘eight- clerk will call the roll. States for information regarding vic- een’’ and insert ‘‘twelve’’. The legislative clerk proceeded to tims of terrorism. Surely this is a On page 119, line 15, insert ‘‘and thereby call the roll. small request in return for assistance nullified’’ after the phrase ‘‘effectively dis- avowed’’. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask that the United States provides. On page 120, lines 3 and 4, strike ‘‘in ac- unanimous consent that the order for Third, this Middle East Peace Facili- cordance with the terms that may be agreed the quorum call be rescinded. tation Act is to be 18 months in dura- with Israel’’ and insert ‘‘that neither engage The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion. Several Members of the House of in nor practice terrorism or violence in the objection, it is so ordered. Representatives have argued for a 12- implementation of their political goals’’. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I have an month bill. I happen to believe they are On page 120, line 15, strike ‘‘and’’. unprinted amendment—it is a printed right. The situation in the Middle East On page 120, line 19, strike the period and insert ‘‘; and’’. amendment—at the desk. I ask it be is so fluid that 12 months will serve ev- On page 120, between lines 19 and 20, insert stated. eryone better, in my judgment. the following: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Then I have two technical amend- (7) the P.L.O. has not funded, either par- Senator ask unanimous consent to set ments which will follow shortly to tially or wholly, or has ceased funding, ei- aside the pending amendment? clean up some unclear language regard- ther partially or wholly, any office, or other Mr. HELMS. Yes, sir. I thank the presence of the Palestinian Authority in Je- ing the Palestinian covenant and the chair. participation of active terrorist groups rusalem. (8) the P.L.O. is cooperating fully with the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without in Palestinian elections. I doubt that Government of the United States on the pro- objection, it is so ordered. anybody in this Chamber will find ei- vision of information on United States na- AMENDMENT NO. 2730 TO THE COMMITTEE ther of these objectionable. tionals known to have been held at any time AMENDMENT In summary, there has been a great by the P.L.O. or factions thereof. (Purpose: To restrict the availability of deal of discontent and doubt about this At the appropriate place in the Committee funds for the U.N. Population Fund peace process. I hope we can relieve amendment, insert the following new sec- (UNFPA)) some of that. I do hope that all Sen- tion: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ators who have suggested alternatives COERCIVE POPULATION CONTROL METHODS clerk will report. or amendments to MEPFA, I hope they SEC. . Notwithstanding any other provi- The legislative clerk read as follows: sion of this Act or other law, none of the will offer them for an open discussion The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. funds appropriated by this Act may be made that will, of course, benefit all of us. HELMS] proposes an amendment numbered available for the United Nations Population Mr. President, I thank you. I yield 2730 to the committee amendment. the floor. Fund (UNFPA), unless the President cer- tifies to the appropriate congressional com- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, this mittees that (1) the United Nations Popu- unanimous consent that reading of the amendment of the Senator from North lation Fund has terminated all activities in amendment be dispensed with. Carolina is acceptable on this side. the People’s Republic of China; or (2) during The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I wonder if the distinguished floor the 12 months preceding such certification, objection, it is so ordered. manager would be interested in doing there have been no abortions as the result of The amendment is as follows: it this way: That we pass by voice vote coercion associated with the family planning the amendment by the Senator from policies of the national government or other At the appropriate place in the Committee governmental entities within the People’s amendment, insert the following new sec- North Carolina and then go for rollcall, tion: the yeas and nays having been ordered Republic of China. As used in this section the term ‘‘coercion’’ includes physical duress COERCIVE POPULATION CONTROL METHODS on the amendment of the Senator from or abuse, destruction or confiscation of prop- New Mexico. SEC. . Notwithstanding any other provi- erty, loss of means of livelihood, or severe sion of this Act or other law, none of the Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, ap- psychological pressure. funds appropriated by this Act may be made proving the Helms amendment is fine. The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there available for the United Nations Population I indicated to the Senator from New is no further debate on the amendment, Fund (UNFPA), unless the President cer- Mexico that the Senator from Florida, the question is on agreeing to the tifies to the appropriate congressional com- Senator MACK, will want to speak on amendment. mittees that (1) the United Nations Popu- his amendment, so we will not be able The amendment (No. 2729) was agreed lation Fund has terminated all activities in to go forward on the Bingaman amend- the People’s Republic of China; or (2) during to. the 12 months preceding such certification, ment yet. Mr. HELMS. I move to reconsider the I see no problem in moving ahead on there have been no abortions as the result of vote. coercion associated with the family planning the Helms amendment that is cur- Mr. McCONNELL. I move to lay that policies of the national government or other rently before the Senate. I am aware of motion on the table. governmental entities within the People’s no opposition to it, Mr. President. The motion to lay on the table was Republic of China. As used in this section The PRESIDING OFFICER. The agreed to. the term ‘‘coercion’’ includes physical duress amendment has not yet been offered. Mr. HELMS. I suggest the absence of or abuse, destruction or confiscation of prop- Mr. LEAHY. I am referring to the a quorum. erty, loss of means of livelihood, or severe amendment that the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The psychological pressure. North Carolina has been speaking clerk will call the roll. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the pend- about. The legislative clerk proceeded to ing amendment is directed toward the AMENDMENT NO. 2729 TO THE LAST COMMITTEE call the roll. U.N. Population Program familiarly AMENDMENT Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask known as UNFPA. It is directed at the (Purpose: To Amend the Middle East Peace unanimous consent that the order for U.N. Population Program and the Peo- Facilitation Act) the quorum call be rescinded. ple’s Republic of China. Mr. HELMS. I send an amendment to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The arrest earlier this year of my the desk for immediate consideration. objection, it is so ordered. friend, Harry Wu—and he is a friend of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, a few a lot of Senators here—again high- clerk will report. minutes ago we passed the humani- lights, I think, China’s dismal human

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14037 rights record. And of course all Sen- Mr. President, this bill carries an- UNFPA’s relationship with China re- ators have heard the horror stories as- other provision—as have previous for- mains unchanged, I strongly urge Sen- sociated with the brutal population eign aid appropriations bills since ators to support the amendment to control program of the People’s Repub- 1985—designed to prohibit funding force UNFPA out of China. lic of China. UNFPA, but without identifying The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The pending bill proposes to hand UNFPA by name. The provision, known ator from Kentucky. over another $35 million to UNFPA— as the Kemp-Kasten amendment, pro- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, as $20 million less than the Clinton ad- hibits funding of any ‘‘organization or the Senator from North Carolina, I be- ministration proposed in my judgment, program which, as determined by the lieve, mentioned in his statement, the and I think the judgment of many President of the United States, sup- amendment he offered was in the origi- other Senators, it is still $35 million ports or participates in the manage- nal chairman’s mark which was then too much. I, therefore, expect a few ment of a program of coercive abortion stripped out at the subcommittee level, UNFPA defenders to come down to the or involuntary sterilization.’’ Senator so I obviously support the amendment Senate floor and say that U.N. Popu- Kasten and Congressman Kemp had of the Senator from North Carolina. lation Program activities in China Communist China in mind, where One of the thoughts that my friend really don’t matter because UNFPA UNFPA operates one of its cornerstone from Vermont and I were discussing is does some good things elsewhere. Oth- programs. the possibility of a hour and half, or a ers will claim that language specifi- From 1986–92, the Reagan and Bush 2-hour time agreement on the amend- cally restricting the United States con- administrations determined that ment, if that is acceptable to the Sen- tribution from being used in China is UNFPA was in violation of the Kemp- ator from North Carolina. That would all that is needed. But, I do not buy Kasten amendment. Indeed, President give Senators notice that there would that, and neither do the American peo- Bush vetoed the fiscal year 1990 foreign be a vote at a time certain in a couple ple, if I am any judge of the attitude of operations appropriations bill because of hours from now. the people. it gutted the Kemp-Kasten amend- I am curious. I would ask Senator Either UNFPA is mixed up in China’s ment. President Bush opposed funding LEAHY if he has any feeling about the grotesque and cruel population control UNFPA because it was the only organi- appropriateness of such time agree- program, or it is not. And the fact is, zation that violated the Kemp-Kasten ment. UNFPA helped design China’s one- amendment and because, as Mr. Bush Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I strong- child-per-family population control put it: ly support it if we are ever going to fin- program 20 years ago, and it has ac- The [U.N. Population Program] partici- ish this bill in our lifetime. I under- tively supported the program ever pates in and strongly defends the program of stand one Senator is not on the floor, since. Indeed, UNFPA holds up China’s a particular foreign government [China] which relies heavily upon compulsory abor- and he would be on the floor in about a program as a model for the developing tion. This fund received no United States as- minute or two. world. sistance since 1985, precisely because of its I would suggest this, that we go off The pending amendment insists that involvement in the coercive abortion policy. this amendment for about 3 minutes, the U.N. Population Program termi- It is well known that one of the first bring back the Bingaman amendment nate its activities in China or the actions taken by President Clinton, during that time, and then 3 minutes United States Government will termi- when he assumed office, was to reverse from now go back to the Senator from nate its association with UNFPA. It is this longstanding policy—despite the North Carolina. as simple as that. The amendment is administration’s full knowledge of Chi- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- identical to language in the House na’s cruel program and UNFPA’s close sent that we go off the pending amend- version of this bill, and should be in- relationship with it. That is why the ment, go back to the Bingaman amend- cluded in this bill. pending amendment is the pending ment, and I assure my colleague I will Let me say, parenthetically, that a business in the Senate right now. be asking that we go back to the Helms foreign aid conference report may ex- AID Administrator Brian Atwood amendment in a matter of 3 or 4 min- perience some trouble in the House un- told the chairman of the House Foreign utes. less this and other pro-life, pro-child Operations Appropriations Sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there provisions remain. Foreign aid is as un- committee, in an August 6, 1993, letter, objection? popular in the House as it has ever that ‘‘* * * if there are not significant Without objection, it is so ordered. been, and I do not think that pro-life improvements in China’s population Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask for Congressmen will be inclined to vote program, the United States will not the yeas and nays on the amendment. for this bill without language pro- support continued UNFPA assistance The PRESIDING OFFICER. On the tecting unborn children. to China beyond 1995 when the current Helms amendment? Mr. President, let us be clear about program ends.’’ Mr. HELMS. Yes. the kind of abuses that occur in China The fact is, Mr. President, the situa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there under the nose of UNFPA. Women are tion in China has worsened, but objection to the request? Hearing no dragged into government clinics and UNFPA does not intend to pull out of objection, is there a sufficient second? forced to have an abortion if they al- China, and the Clinton administration There is a sufficient second. ready have one child. Women and men has every intention of contributing The yeas and nays were ordered. are forced, like animals, to undergo money to UNFPA. The administration Mr. HELMS. I thank the Chair. I sterilization procedures if they violate apparently gives UNFPA a wink and a thank the managers. the one-child policy. This inhumane nod in New York, and then glibly tells Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, what program—of which UNFPA is so Congress, ‘‘trust us, the United States is the pending business? proud—has caused an alarming in- doesn’t support UNFPA assistance to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The crease in abortions of baby girls be- China.’’ Chair informs the Senator from New cause many Chinese value boys more. Let me say this in conclusion. Mr. Mexico that the pending amendment is In light of this cruelty against the President, Americans already believe the amendment of the Senator from most innocent and helpless members of that too much of their tax money goes New Mexico. the human race, the Christian Coali- to the United Nations. Poll after poll AMENDMENT NO. 2731 TO AMENDMENT NO. 2728 tion’s Contract with the American after poll shows that. And they cer- (Purpose: To allow residents of the United Family specifically targets eliminating tainly do not want any administration States to send to their immediate family funding for UNFPA. A cogent expla- to give money to the U.N. Population members in Cuba small amounts of money nation of why UNFPA is targeted is on Program, thereby condoning that orga- to pay for basic necessities such as food, pages 72–74 of the contract. I shall do nization, including its involvement clothing, and medical care) everything I can to require that with China’s grotesque population con- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I UNFPA pull out of China, or face ter- trol program. send a second amendment to the desk mination of United States taxpayers’ Since China clearly has made no im- and ask for its immediate consider- funding. provement on human rights, and since ation.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The it would be a good idea to have the To insinuate that anyone in this body clerk will report. vote on the Helms amendment in an supports such a practice is really dis- The legislative clerk read as follows: hour and a half, with the time equally ingenuous. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. BINGA- divided under control of the managers. That is one of the reasons I intro- MAN] proposes an amendment numbered 2731 Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I duced legislation with the chairman to to amendment No. 2728. ask unanimous consent that the vote revoke most-favored-nation status for Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask on the Helms amendment occur at 6:30 China. I believe it should be at the unanimous consent that reading of the and that the time on the amendment forefront of our human rights agenda amendment be dispensed with. be equally divided in the usual fashion. with China. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there It should be an issue at bilateral and objection, it is so ordered. objection? multilateral fora; The amendment is as follows: Without objection, it is so ordered. Strike all after the first word and insert Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I suggest It should be linked to benefits, such the following: the absence of a quorum, and I ask as MFN, which the Chinese desire; SEC. . PROTECTION OF HUMANITARIAN EF- unanimous consent that the time be It should be a subject for the U.N. FORTS. charged equally. Commission on Human Rights; Notwithstanding any provision of law to And it should be an issue for foreign the contrary: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (a) FAMILY SUPPORT PAYMENTS.—Residents objection, it is so ordered. corporations in China as they are sin- of the United States shall not be prohibited The clerk will call the roll. cerely interested in improving the from sending to their parents, siblings, The legislative clerk proceeded to quality of life for their Chinese em- spouses, or children currently residing in call the roll. ployees. Cuba small amounts of money (not to exceed Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask But withdrawing from the UNFPA $195 per month) to be used for the purchase unanimous consent that the order for would do nothing to combat coercive of basic necessities, including food, clothing, the quorum call be rescinded. household supplies, rent, medicines, and abortion because UNFPA is not in- medical care. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without volved in the policy, and current law (b) COMPASSIONATE TRAVEL.—Residents of objection, it is so ordered. governing the United States contribu- the United States shall not be prohibited AMENDMENT NO. 2730 tion to UNFPA wholly separates from traveling to Cuba for a period up to Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I yield 15 United States funds from being used in thirty (30) days to attend to a medical emer- minutes from the side in opposition to China altogether. gency involving, or to attend the funeral of, the distinguished Senator from Wis- such resident’s parent, sibling, spouse, or That law was reaffirmed by a strong, child. consin [Mr. FEINGOLD]. bipartisan 11–5 vote in the Senate For- (c) NATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF.—The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- eign Relations Committee last month United States shall not be prohibited from ator from Wisconsin is recognized for when we debated the UNFPA issue in participating in humanitarian relief efforts 15 minutes. an amendment to the foreign aid au- of multilateral organizations of which the Mr. FEINGOLD. Thank you, Mr. thorization bill. United States is a member, where such hu- President. I thank the manager very manitarian relief efforts are made in the Current law not only explicitly pro- much for the 15 minutes in order to op- hibits United States funds from being aftermath of a natural disaster on the island pose the Helms amendment on UNFPA of Cuba. used in UNFPA’s China program, it and to support the committee language also mandates that UNFPA must hold Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I ask on population and abortion. for the yeas and nays on the second-de- United States funds in separate ac- Everyone understands that this is the counts to ensure that they are not co- gree amendment. same debate we had in the Senate For- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a mingled with other moneys which may eign Relations Committee this sum- be supporting family planning services sufficient second? mer, when the committee voted by a There is a sufficient second. in China. decisive 11–5 vote to authorize $35 mil- The yeas and nays were ordered. Our provisions also require that the lion in funding for UNFPA. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I administration certify that China is re- yield the floor. The UNFPA is the world’s leading family planning agency, with approxi- ceiving only the $7 million which the Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I ask UNFPA 5-year plan allocates. Under unanimous consent that we tempo- mately one-third of all population as- sistance to developing countries chan- current law, if the report shows that rarily lay aside the Bingaman amend- UNFPA invests more than $7 million in ment and that we go back to the Helms neled through it. It provides funds and training for ma- China, then the United States con- amendment we were discussing just a tribution to UNFPA will be deducted moment ago. ternal and child health care, family planning devices, and technical assist- by that proportional amount, so there The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without is no way that additional funds from objection, it is so ordered. ance for population programs. UNFPA, by its own mandate, is not the United States can be put in in this Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, way. what I was going to suggest, subject to involved in abortions or abortion-re- Mr. President, we will do more to in- the approval of the other side, is that lated services. It is family planning fluence the China program if we stay we schedule the vote on the Helms agency. involved with UNFPA. The current amendment for 6:30. So, this is a debate on population. It Would that work? should not be a debate on abortion. program ends in December 1995. If we Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, re- That is why the amendment by the are not contributors to UNFPA, then serving the right to object, would it be Senator from North Carolina dem- we will not be at the table at the end possible in that same unanimous-con- onstrates a fundamental misunder- of the year to help decide if and how sent agreement to have a provision for standing of what the UNFPA does, and this organization will work in China. a vote on the second-degree amend- will do nothing to end the horrific That is certainly no way to stop coer- ment that I just offered giving suffi- practice of coercive abortion. cive abortion. cient time for debate? Nowhere in the world—including Further, if we withdraw, we will pull Mr. MCCONNELL. I say to my friend China does the UNFPA involve itself no other country with us. Let me re- from New Mexico, we are still trying to with abortion policy or the delivery of mind my colleagues that when the get the input from one Senator on his abortion and abortion-related services. United States withdrew from UNFPA amendment now as amended. So at this Indeed, if I believed that UNFPA or in 1984, not one single other country particular moment I think that would any U.S. Government program was joined in our boycott. In any event, it not be possible. being used to support coercive abor- makes no sense to withdraw from this Mr. BINGAMAN. I will not object, tion, I would vehemently object. organization since it is in fact exactly Mr. President. Like the chairman, I too, am the fa- the services performed by UNFPA that Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have ther of two daughters and am horrified make abortion less likely and less fre- absolutely no objection. In fact, I think by the Chinese policies on baby girls. quent.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14039 Let us talk about that for a minute. I thank the Chair and yield the re- Reagan investigated the issue and Let us talk about the threat of over- mainder of whatever time I have back found, and I quote from an AID docu- population to our national security in- to the manager. I yield the floor. ment from that time, ‘‘that UNFPA is terests and what UNFPA and global Mrs. MURRAY addressed the Chair. a benevolent factor in China which population programs are doing to ad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- works to decrease the incidence of co- dress it. The world population is ex- ator from Washington. ercive abortion’’ in China by providing ploding. From 1800 to 1930, our planet Mrs. MURRAY. I thank the Chair. effective family planning services. grew from 1 to 2 billion people. Today, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- That same Reagan administration in- we are up to 5 to 6 billion people, with ator from Washington is informed that vestigation found absolutely no evi- 1 million born every 96 hours. At this time is controlled. Does she wish to dence that the UNFPA participated in rate, we will have quadrupled our popu- ask unanimous consent to take a cer- or supported in any way China’s coer- lation by the end of this century. tain amount of time from the Senator cive family planning practices. Sadly, Overpopulation hampers economic from Vermont? caught up in the pro-life politics of the development, harms world health Mrs. MURRAY. How much time re- time, UNFPA was nonetheless standards, threatens food security. It mains on our side? defunded by President Reagan. Presi- stresses the environment, it harms the The PRESIDING OFFICER. There dent Clinton has since resumed U.S. status of women, and it often forces are 43 minutes and 7 seconds. support for this agency and therein lie dangerous migration and refugee pat- Mrs. MURRAY. Will the Senator the roots of today’s debate. Through terns. These are among the most seri- from Vermont yield 10 minutes? all of this, however, the facts have been ous threats in the 21st century. We I thank the Senator. clear, that UNFPA has been part of the must be able to use the achievements The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without solution in China by helping to reduce of the 20th century; namely, family objection, the Senator from Wash- the incidence of abortion in that coun- planning, to counter them. With the ington has 10 minutes. try and others by providing high-qual- UNFPA in the lead, contraceptive use Mrs. MURRAY. I thank the Chair. ity voluntary family planning services. worldwide has quintupled in the past 20 Mr. President, I rise in support of the UNFPA’s goal is to eliminate the need years while the average family size has committee position on funding for for abortions. They do so by providing been halved. Yet, according to the international family planning pro- maternal and child health care and vol- World Health Organization, approxi- grams and against the Helms amend- untary family planning services. These mately 350 million couples still com- ment to cut and restrict family plan- are the kinds of programs that are un- pletely lack access to family planning ning aid. questionably the most effective means services and information. The Helms amendment before us of preventing abortion. And the major- today is a wolf in sheep’s clothing. It Mr. President, population will be the ity of UNFPA’s assistance goes toward pretends to be antiabortion but in fact key to whether improved economic projects in these areas. Ironically, by it is antifamily planning and does not policies succeed; whether we will coex- denying support to this most effective effect the question of abortion funding ist with our environment or deplete it; international family planning agency, at all. and whether political crises become the Helms amendment might well have In addition, the Helms amendment large-scale humanitarian disasters or the unintended effect of increasing the pretends to address the horrendous not. incidence of abortion in China. problem of forced abortions in the Peo- There are fortunately, Mr. President, As has been pointed out by others ple’s Republic of China, ostensibly try- during this debate, the committee bill many success stories to illustrate this ing to solve that terrible problem by point. before us continues the longstanding denying United States support for the policy of banning the use of U.S. funds The so-called Asian Tiger econo- U.N. Population Fund. for abortions overseas. That ban, com- mies—Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thai- Mr. President, the debate sur- monly known as the Helms amend- land—have been very successful in fam- rounding UNFPA began over a decade ment, has been part of the permanent ily planning programs, and they have ago during the Reagan administration. foreign aid statutes since 1973 and re- been put together with assistance from Foes of UNFPA claimed then, as they mains unchanged in the committee’s UNFPA. do today, that the United States bill. I have also visited, Mr. President, a should withdraw support for UNFPA In addition, the bill prohibits the use family planning clinic in Tunisia which because of the fund’s presence in China of U.S. funds for abortion lobbying. has one of the most successful pro- where there have been persistent re- So the real question facing the Sen- grams in the world. It is also a country ports of government sanctioned forced ate today is this: The committee bill is which is fast modernizing and devel- abortions. already stringently antiabortion, but oping a strong middle class. In my There is no question that the Chinese by disqualifying one of the most tried view, there is no coincidence that the do many things that I abhor. Forcing and true family planning organizations economies of these countries are doing women to have abortions or forcing in- from receiving U.S. support, do we so well. There is no coincidence that dividuals to undergo sterilization is a really want to make this bill the role of women in these societies is gross violation of human rights and antifamily planning as well? improving. Like human rights, global should be condemned by our Govern- Let me take a minute to review for population concerns are U.S. national ment at the highest levels. my colleagues the important work that concerns. Likewise, the killing of female in- is being done by UNFPA and why U.S. Let me say again, while I share the fants in China is widespread in the support for this agency is so impor- outrage of the Senator from North country and appears to often go tant. The United States played a key Carolina about China’s abortion policy, unpunished by Chinese officials. But it role in establishing the UNFPA in the I believe that it makes no sense to sac- would be illogical—and counter- late 1960’s, seeking to form an organi- rifice UNFPA for China’s abortion pol- productive—for the United States to zation where we could work with other icy in which that organization plays no pull out of those international agencies nations to address the problem of over- role. If we can focus on what the real that give aid to children in China be- population. Since that time, UNFPA issue is here, I think my colleagues cause of the horrific practice of female has become a respected and trusted will be persuaded that a U.S. contribu- infanticide that plagues that nation. source of safe and effective family tion to the UNFPA is clearly in our na- So why should we ask this organiza- planning services for women and fami- tional interest and does not contradict tion to carry the sins of China on its lies in poor and developing nations. our national values. shoulders when it comes to the ques- With programs in over 140 countries, Mr. President, this amendment really tion of family planning? The facts have UNFPA is the world’s largest vol- spawns a false debate, and I urge the never supported this approach. When untary family planning program. The Senate to follow both the Foreign Re- the question of UNFPA funding was guiding philosophy behind UNFPA’s lations Committee and also the Appro- first debated during the Reagan admin- work in the developing world is to in- priations Committee and to defeat it. istration, officials under President vest in women. UNFPA recognizes that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 by investing in women, we strengthen and endangering their own lives and to make sure everybody understands. entire communities as well as national that of their babies and young chil- No funds in this bill can be used for economies. In addition to family plan- dren. Let us keep this debate squarely abortion. It is not just the case that ning services, UNFPA provides life-sav- focused on thousands of women in poor there is not any money in there for ing maternal health care programs. nations who, lacking access to repro- abortion; there is an explicit prohibi- While childbirth anywhere carries ductive health care, resort to self-in- tion against money being used for certain risks, in the developing world duced abortions and too often trag- abortion. So, basically, we are putting mothers face grave statistics. In Afri- ically lose their lives. Experts estimate up a straw person to knock down here. ca, for example, 1 out of every 21 at least 500,000 women will die from And then the question is, what might women will die as a result of pregnancy pregnancy-related causes, roughly happen in China? No funds in this bill or childbirth, making the African 200,000 from illegal abortions which are can be used in China. None, nada, women 200 times more likely to die as prevented when women have family neant, rien. a result of bearing her children than a planning services. So what is the problem? The whole European woman. The issue of refunding the UNFPA point of the program in this bill is to The kinds of programs provided by came before Congress again and again promote contraceptive and other alter- UNFPA can prevent many of these ma- when Presidents Bush and Reagan were natives to abortion—alternatives to ternal deaths. So when we support in office. Congress repeatedly voted for abortion. We are trying to have alter- UNFPA, we are supporting those the United States to resume funding. natives to abortion. We say none of the women and families across the devel- So let us move on to the task of ensur- money can be used for abortion and oping world who seek the means to ing that women in the developing none of the money can be used in China space their births and avoid high-risk world have access to the kinds of repro- where they have forced abortions, and, pregnancies. ductive health services they deserve, instead, the money can be used for al- Equally important, when we support the kinds of services that will save ternatives to abortion. We all ought to UNFPA we are increasing the chances their lives and the lives of their chil- jump on board with that one. Every that child survival rates will rise dren. dollar is for voluntary family planning. across the developing world. We know In closing, Mr. President, I urge my So, if you support this amendment, that babies born in quick succession to colleagues to remember that this is a you are opposing voluntary family a mother whose body is not yet recov- public health issue and an extremely planning. If you support the amend- ered from her previous birth are the serious one. We should reject the ment on the floor right now, you are least likely to survive. Helms amendment and vote in support against voluntary family planning. UNFPA programs seek to support of women and children across our Provisions relating to the U.N. popu- child survival efforts and help women globe. I thank you and I yield the floor. lation fund would enable us to con- understand the vital link between child The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tribute to this organization, which is survival and family planning. ABRAHAM). Who yields time? the largest international family plan- For the record, let me outline Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, how ning agency in the world. UNFPA’s position on abortion. UNFPA much time is remaining for those in UNFPA does not fund abortions. It does not and never has supported abor- opposition to the amendment? funds contraceptives and information, tions or abortion-related services in The PRESIDING OFFICER. You have education about family planning in 140 any country it operates in. According 32 minutes 30 seconds. countries. It is absolutely vital that to the UNFPA’s governing council, it is Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I yield the United States play a leading role in ‘‘the policy of the UNFPA not to pro- myself such time as I may require. this agency, especially when the deci- vide assistance for abortion, abortion Mr. President, I strongly oppose this sions we make today will determine if services, or abortion-related equipment amendment. What it does is it reverses the world’s population doubles or tri- and supplies as a method of family the action taken by the subcommittee ples. planning.’’ in legislation that was then in the full Can you imagine what this bill would So, as I noted in my earlier remarks, bill as reported out of the full com- look like, the overall foreign aid bill the Helms amendment will do nothing mittee. here, if the world population doubled or to prevent abortions in China or else- By a vote of 8–5 the Foreign Oper- tripled? where, but it will prevent vital health ations Subcommittee passed my That is not our population of the services from being delivered to women amendment to strike the kind of re- United States, that is the rest of the and children in the world’s poorest na- strictions imposed by the House and world, most of it in the area where we tions. proposed in this amendment that were have the gravest concerns in this bill. I urge my colleagues to remember in the bill that came before the For- The bill does not earmark funding for what is really at stake here. This is a eign Operations Subcommittee. I UNFPA, but it would permit up to $35 public health issue and an extremely moved to strike the House language, million for UNFPA, which even in the serious one. Family planning saves taking the same position as the distin- unlikely possibility that that amount lives. Experts estimate that the lives of guished Senator from Washington, and is available, is still $15 million below 5.6 million children and 200,000 women before her, the distinguished Senator last year’s level, and it contains all the could be saved every year if all the from Wisconsin. The Foreign Oper- restrictions on our contributions. women who wanted to limit their fami- ations Subcommittee approved of my There is an explicit prohibition against lies had access to family planning. I amendment. And that is the condition using U.S. funds in China, despite the ask my colleagues to really think we are in now. fact UNFPA’s program in China pro- about those statistics; 5.6 million chil- When you look at what we have done, motes voluntary family planning and dren and 200,000 women every year. the bill simply continues current law human rights. So when we debate this issue of and practice. We are not asking for Let us not go backward in this bill, whether to support voluntary family anything radically different. This is not when so many governments are fi- planning programs like UNFPA, let us what we have always done. At a time nally seeking help in limiting the keep this debate focused squarely when support for voluntary family growth of their own population growth. where it belongs—on the world’s young planning programs and women’s repro- Many of these countries are already women who struggle against impossible ductive health is growing around the impoverished, and the poverty in- odds to better their lives and who des- world, it would be foolhardy for the creases because the population grows. perately need reproductive health care United States to once again, as we did We have the technology, the expertise, services. Let us keep this debate in the early 1980’s, surrender our lead- and we ought to help. squarely focused on young mothers ership in this area. This amendment would require around the world who have small chil- This bill has the same prohibition on UNFPA to withdraw from China. That dren or babies and need family plan- funding for abortion that we have had is not a decision UNFPA can do, nor ning assistance to ensure that they do for years. Now, I have listened to some can we pass a law to require it to do. It not become pregnant again too quickly speaking around this Chamber. I want is a decision of its governing board. It

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14041 is made up of donor governments and a for grass-roots family planning workers in pertise, and the personnel to be the large majority support UNFPA’s pro- several provinces. The second resulted in a most effective program for providing gram in China. By attaching a require- Chinese ban on steel ring IUD’s in favor of family planning services around the ment that UNFPA cannot meet, we cut copper based IUD’s which in ten years will world. It specializes—it does nothing prevent 35.6 million abortions. It would also but provide family planning and mater- off funding in 139 other countries. prevent 16,300 maternal deaths; 365,000 poten- There is no money for abortion, no tial infant and 28,000 potential child deaths. nal and child health. And it is in 140 money for China. There is no reason to For 31⁄2 years I served as UNFPA’s Country countries—whereas U.S. bilateral pro- vote for this amendment, unless some- Director in China. I know first hand what we grams are only in 56 countries. At a how you are against voluntary family did and said in China and I can tell you that time when foreign aid is being cut to planning altogether. If you have that the way we are frequently portrayed, such as the bone—UNFPA makes the most use attitude, then I guess there is nothing in the statement in question, is absolutely of scarce U.S. foreign aid dollars. I can say. and unequivocally untrue. We should be clear about what is in UNFPA has always represented inter- the bill—and what isn’t. There is no I ask unanimous consent that a let- national norms and human rights standards ter from Stirling Scruggs, the chief of as articulated in several U.N. documents in- money for abortions or abortion lob- information at UNFPA, be printed in cluding the Universal Declaration of Human bying. Federal funds cannot be used to the RECORD. Rights, the World Population Plan of Action fund abortions—this bill retains this There being no objection, the letter and the Programme of Action of the Inter- prohibition. That is why opponents of was ordered to be printed in the national Conference on Population and De- this amendment include Senators who RECORD, as follows: velopment. For example, Chapter VII, para. strongly oppose abortion—because they 12 of the Programme of Action which states UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND, know that effective family planning ‘‘. . . the principle of informed free choice is July 26, 1995. actually reduces abortions. essential to the long-term success of family- Senator PATRICK LEAHY, There is no money for China in this planning programmes; that any form of coer- Senate Russell Building, bill. We all agree that coerced abor- cion has no part of play, that governmental Washington, DC. goals or family planning should be defined in tions and sterilization are despicable. DEAR SENATOR LEAHY: It has just come to terms of unmet needs for information and That is why no United States funds my attention that on June 28, 1995 during a services; and that demographic goals, while may be spent in China now. The bill re- debate on the House floor, Representative legitimately the subject of government de- tains this policy. United States con- Chris Smith quoted Dr. Sadik, Executive Di- velopment strategies, should not be imposed rector of UNFPA, ‘‘China has every reason to tributions to UNFPA are segregated on family-planning providers in the form of feel proud of and pleased with its remarkable from other UNFPA funds; none of the targets or quotas for the recruitment of cli- achievements made in its family planning United States funds may be used for ents’’. policy and control of its population growth China; and the United States contribu- In particular, Dr. Sadik has been a cham- over the past 10 years. Now the country pion of human rights, women’s equality and tion would be fully refunded if any could offer its experiences and special ex- reproductive rights. In the 14 years I have United States funds were used for perts to help other countries.’’ Senator Jesse known her, I have never heard her use the China or for abortions. These provi- Helms used the same quote in the Senate phrase ‘‘population control.’’ sions ensure that not one cent of Foreign Relations Committee Report accom- We deeply appreciate your past and con- United States funds can be used in panying S–961. tinuing support and hope you can help set I believe this quote comes from China China. the record straight regarding the quote used Daily, an English language newspaper pub- What is in the bill? We simply main- by Representative SMITH and Senator HELMS. lished in Beijing. I was with Dr. Sadik when tain current law. We continue to pro- Sincerely, she was interviewed for this article in 1991. vide modest funding for UNFPA. With- STIRLING D. SCRUGGS, This article was a terrible distortion of what out U.S. funds—there is no U.S. influ- Chief, Information and she actually said. Dr. Sadik did say that External Relations Division. ence. We would have no say on how and China should be proud of its record of im- where international family planning Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I yield proving women’s and children’s health since services are delivered. 1949. She commended China’s continuing ef- the floor. In this bill we seek to maintain our forts to improve maternal and child health The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who modest role in providing family plan- by discussing a joint UNFPA and UNICEF yields time? ning to the world’s poorest women. I project in 300 poor counties in China that es- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, how pecially focuses on improving children’s wish we could do more to ensure that much time do I have remaining? all women have access to family plan- health through training and supplies for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- treatment of acute respiratory infection and ning. But the bill passed by the com- six minutes. diarrhea, promotion of prenatal care and nu- mittee ensures that we continue to do trition, breast-feeding, assisted deliveries Who yields time? something to help the world’s poorest Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise and family planning that assured several women to control and improve their in opposition to the Helms amendment contraceptive choices and informed consent. lives. I strongly urge my colleagues to She went on to say that this project was a to end U.S. participation in the United oppose the Helms amendment. model that could be replicated in other coun- Nations Population Fund, UNFPA. It Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I rise tries. will have a disastrous effect on wom- I have no idea why Dr. Sadik was mis- today in opposition to the Helms en’s health. It would weaken the most amendment, which would defund the quoted. I tried unsuccessfully at the time to effective organization we have for de- secure a retraction from China Daily. I re- United Nations Population Fund member during her visit being very proud of livering family planning services to the [UNFPA]. Dr. Sadik’s tenacity and courage and my dis- world’s poorest women. And it ignores UNFPA is the largest internationally appointment with the China Daily article the fact the United States funds are funded source of population assistance, which was not only wrong, but contradictory not used for abortions and are not used directly managing one-third of the of her real position. in China. world’s population assistance to devel- In fact, during this trip, Dr. Sadik at- Over 100 million women throughout oping countries. The United States was tended a series of meetings that included: the world cannot obtain or are not instrumental in creating the UNFPA in the Ministers of Family Planning and using family planning because they are Health, the Head of the People’s Congress 1969 and until 1985 provided nearly 30 and several of his colleagues and the General poor, uneducated, or lack access to percent of its funding. Secretary of the Communist Party of China. care; 20 million of these women will The UNFPA is the principal multilat- During these meetings she was very critical seek unsafe abortions. Some will die, eral organization providing worldwide of new laws in several provinces requiring some will be disabled. Only 25 to 35 per- family planning and population assist- sterilization of the mentally retarded. She cent of women in Africa and Asia re- ance. Operating in over 140 countries, also successfully negotiated projects de- ceive prenatal care. Many of these in the poorest and most remote regions signed to increase training for informed con- women are very young—still children of he world, nearly half of the UNFPA sent and voluntary participation in family themselves. When children have chil- planning, and research that would examine assistance is used for family planning the safety and efficacy of the Chinese steel dren, they often lose their chance of services and maternal and child health ring IUD. The first project, currently on- schooling, a good job, self-sufficiency. care. Another 18 percent is allocated going, provides interpersonal counseling Why is the UNFPA so important? Be- for related population information, training and promotes contraceptive choice cause it has the infrastructure, the ex- education, and communication.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 The fund also provides support for worked to develop strategies to tion to the Bingaman amendment population data collection and anal- strengthen the technology and manu- occur immediately at the end of the ysis, demographic and socio-economic facturing bases in this country and to currently scheduled vote at 6:30, and research, and population policy formu- secure higher-wage jobs for Americans. that the duration of time on that vote lation and evaluation. I have focused on these issues be- to immediately follow the Helms In 1993 UNFPA supported 1,560 cause of my concern for the long-term amendment be 10 minutes. projects in 141 countries, including 44 economic viability of our Nation. I be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there countries in sub-saharan Africa, 33 lieve that to secure our economic fu- objection? Without objection, it is so countries in Latin America and the ture, the United States must be fully ordered. Carribean, 39 countries in Asia and the equipped to compete long-term with Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, the dis- Pacific, and 25 countries in the Arab Japan and other highly developed tinguished Senator from Maine is on States and Europe. countries. the floor and wishes to speak. I ask her UNFPA programs contribute to im- But at the same time, I believe we how much time she would like. proving the quality and safety of con- cannot have a successful economic Ms. SNOWE. About 8 minutes. traceptives, to reducing the incidence strategy in this country if we do not Mr. LEAHY. I yield 8 minutes to the of abortion and to improving reproduc- devote serious attention to the econo- distinguished Senator from Maine. tive health and strengthening the sta- mies of the developing world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tus of women. These programs have Over the past 10 years or so, growth ator from Maine. saved the lives of countless women and in U.S. exports to the developing world Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I want to children. has exploded; and today, developing thank the Senator from Vermont for UNFPA also helps to promote male countries account for about 40 percent yielding me time. I certainly want to participation and responsibility in of a growing U.S. export market. express my position on this issue with family planning programs, address ado- In fact, trade with the developing respect to international family plan- lescent reproductive health, and reach world is growing at a rate that far ex- ning and the amendment that was of- isolated rural areas with high demands ceeds the growth rate of U.S. exports fered by Senator HELMS, because I for family planning services. to developed countries: think that this is a very important The Helms amendment is really just Between 1990 and 1993, U.S. exports to issue. a back door assault on family planning developed countries grew by 6.2 per- I certainly oppose the restrictions and that is a big mistake. Experts now cent. that would be placed by the Helms recognize that population is an explo- In 1993 alone, U.S. exports to devel- amendment with respect to funding for sive problem and the committee has re- oping countries grew more than 14 per- UNFPA, which has been a very effec- sponsibility recommended steps to deal cent. Over the period between 1990–93, tive organization in providing for fam- with it. exports to developing countries rose ily planning services throughout the This is not about China. Existing law nearly 50 percent—49.8 percent. developing world. specifically states that none of the In terms of dollars, Latin America is I think it is important to understand, funds made available to the UNFPA a good example. In Latin America, first off, that the current law already shall be made available for activities in United States exports rose by nearly contains strong conditions on U.S. con- the People’s Republic of China. I $30 billion between 1989 and 1993—from tributions to UNFPA. For more than a strongly support this prohibition and $44 billion to $71 billion—representing a decade, no United States funds pro- oppose any coercive population prac- 61-percent gain. vided to UNFPA have been spent in tices around the world. I believe a significant factor in this China. In addition, it requires half of I urge my colleagues to recognize the growth has been the modest U.S. com- the United States contribution to importance of family planning and op- mitment to development and popu- UNFPA to be spent after March 1 so pose the Helms amendment. lation assistance in the developing that Congress can review the amount Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise countries. Thailand, Costa Rica, Mex- that UNFPA has budgeted for activi- to speak in opposition to the amend- ico are examples of countries in which ties in China as reported to Congress in ment offered by my colleague from a small United States investment in mid-February. North Carolina. population and development assistance This is important because it provides I would like to take a few moments has repaid itself many times over in in- us with the opportunity to ensure that to talk about the United Nation’s pop- creased trade opportunities. UNFPA has not taken any action to in- ulation program more generally, be- It is in our economic interest to con- crease the amount of money it spends cause quite clearly, the underlying in- tinue support for UNFPA. The con- in its programs in China so there is no tent of the amendment is to eliminate cerns raised by the Senator from North direct correlation between the United U.S. funding for all of UNFPA’s popu- Carolina are addressed under current States contribution to UNFPA and the lation stabilization efforts. law and in the bill before the Senate amount that it provides to China. Mr. President, I believe direct, sub- today. It also will ensure, for those who stantial, and long-term benefits flow to I urge my colleagues to reject this have been critics of our contributions American families from our national amendment. to UNFPA, that our funds are not fun- investment in sustainable development Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I suggest gible and that United States funds are and population efforts. the absence of a quorum and ask unani- used in China even indirectly. I think Today, as we approach the 21st cen- mous consent that the time run equal- it is important to note that our con- tury, we are facing a world that will be ly. tributions to UNFPA cannot be com- more economically competitive and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there mingled with UNFPA’s funds at all. more challenging than ever before. objection? Without objection, it is so They are maintained in separate ac- This is not the time to be weakening ordered. The clerk will call the roll. counts and cannot be spent on our role as the world leader in these The bill clerk proceeded to call the UNFPA’s activities in China. I think areas. roll. that is important, because we want to Instead, I believe it is in the best in- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I make sure that our funds are in no way terest of America’s children and fami- ask unanimous consent that the order linked, No. 1, but second, to ensure we lies for the Congress to reaffirm and so- for the quorum call be rescinded. are not doing anything directly or indi- lidify our commitment in to popu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without rectly to enhance their program activi- lation stabilization, reproductive objection, it is so ordered. ties in China. choice, and other critical health and Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, But I think we should understand sustainable development programs. there is currently laid aside an amend- what the funding of UNFPA is not For the past 12 years or so, I have ment which is in the second degree, I about. First of all, it is not about abor- spent a lot of my time here in the Sen- believe, by the Senator from New Mex- tion. UNFPA has a firm policy against ate focusing on the domestic and inter- ico, Senator BINGAMAN. I ask unani- any involvement in abortion services national high tech industries. I have mous consent that a vote on or in rela- advocacy.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14043 Second, and I think we all recognize abortion. But no one should be able to tion pressures, improved standards of and are concerned about China’s con- disagree on the issue of family plan- living, and improved social and polit- troversial population program, human ning. That is why we should be sup- ical stability. rights abuses in China have continued porting such organizations, because the So I think that the benefits are clear despite, not because of, UNFPA’s small more they can do in providing family of international family planning pro- presence in China. It is unfortunate planning services to these countries, grams, and that is why we should not this has occurred not only at the cen- the more we will reduce not only the impede the ability of organizations, tral level of Government in China but incidence of death, but of abortion as like UNFPA, that have done so much also that the abuses and the policies well. to enhance family planning services in have been promoted by the independ- So I hope that Members of the Senate the developing world. ence of the provincial governments as will oppose the Helms amendment. We well in China. all know that rapid population growth In the 28 countries with the largest So many of the worst abuses appear is becoming a very critical problem. If U.S.-funded family planning program, to be happening at the provincial level. you consider the fact that the world the average number of children born But I think it is essential to under- population is going to grow by 90 mil- per family has dropped from 6 in the score the fact that UNFPA’s presence lion people this year alone, this is like 1960’s to 4 today, a decline of one-third. in China is to do everything that it can adding a new country the size of Nige- Since the 1960’s, births for women in to prevent those abuses from occur- ria to the world every year, or a city developing countries have dropped 37 ring. the size of New York City every month. percent, child mortality by 50 percent, UNFPA has had a very successful Based on various assumptions about and primary school enrollment is up by voluntary program with respect to fertility rates, the U.N. population pro- 38 percent. None of this would have family planning throughout the devel- jections for the middle of the next cen- been accomplished without U.S. leader- oping world. It has had a presence in tury range between 8 and 12 billion peo- ship in international family planning. more than 140 countries, and nearly ple. To forestall the still-looming world half of UNFPA’s support is in the area This rapid population growth has se- population crisis, we need to strength- of maternal and child health care and rious implications for global economic, en and continue our leadership and not family planning. and social stability. Ground water sup- pull away from our leadership. There are other areas, including edu- plies are dwindling; rivers and lakes So I hope that we will defeat the cation, population data collection and are fouled with pollutants from indus- Helms amendment because I think we analysis and research on demographic tries, municipalities, and agriculture. have to do everything that we can to and socioeconomic relationships. I Tropical forests are being cleared at support these services. I want to re- would like to reemphasize, because it the rate of 17 million hectares a year. peat, once again, that UNFPA is not is important, that UNFPA does not Rapid population growth, especially involved in any of the abuses or coer- provide support, nor has it ever pro- when overlaid with sharp social or eco- cive programs that have been advanced vided a policy of support for abortions nomic divisions, places great strains on by the Government of China, or the or abortion-related activities anywhere political institutions. So to the extent provincial government within China. In in the world. that population pressures contribute to fact, they have done everything to dis- UNFPA was established back in 1969, weakening economic and political courage it. It is more important that interestingly enough, with strong en- structures, the adversely affect inter- they have a presence there. But the couragement from the United States. national stability and peace. This di- fact is that they will, at the end of It happens to be the largest multilat- rectly affects our own national secu- their 5 years, be reexamining their pro- eral provider of population and family rity interests around the world. gram. They are doing everything they planning assistance to the developing Let us consider for a moment the can to reduce the abuses that are oc- countries. Approximately one-third of benefits of population assistance, be- curring in China. We should do every- all population assistance to developing cause they are substantial. A cost-ben- thing that we can to assist them in the countries go through UNFPA. efit analysis of Thailand’s family plan- process. We have limited our contribu- So it has a presence in a number of ning program, which reduced the aver- tions to UNFPA in the past. We know countries where it plays a very critical age number of children per woman that our funds are not being used for role. Consider the facts. According to from 6 in the late 1960’s to 2.1 in 1991, UNFPA’s program in China. Our appro- the World Health Organization, of the found that the average return on each priation process already places restric- 500,000 women who die each year of dollar invested was estimated to be tions so that our funds are not comin- pregnancy-related causes, 99 percent more than $7. gled in any way with UNFPA’s pro- are in the developing world. So we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time gram in China. should be doing everything as a coun- of the Senator has expired. So we have already in place the nec- try to support the activities of organi- Ms. SNOWE. I ask for 5 additional essary procedures and restrictions to zations like UNFPA and what they are minutes. ensure that our money is not being doing in many of these Third World Mr. LEAHY. How much time re- used in any way, directly or indirectly, countries. We should be for family mains? planning programs. We should not be The PRESIDING OFFICER. There in China. So I urge my colleagues to doing everything to undermine the are 16 minutes 40 seconds remaining. support the committee position and op- value of family planning programs in Mr. LEAHY. I know the Senator from pose this amendment, so that we can these countries. Wyoming needs some time. How much continue to permit our U.S. leadership As a matter of fact, the United will he need? in the effort to stabilize the world’s States was the leader, the forerunner Mr. SIMPSON. Six minutes. population through voluntary family in support of these family planning Mr. LEAHY. I yield the Senator from planning services. We can only do this programs internationally. We did ev- Maine an additional 5 minutes. by supporting the efforts of UNFPA erything to encourage, as I said, orga- Ms. SNOWE. A similar study in Mex- and the private organizations that nizations like UNFPA and IPBF to do ico concluded for every peso invested have had a proven record of effective- everything that they can to support in family planning, 9 pesos are saved ness and efficiency. We must maintain strong programs in the developing that would have to be spent on mater- our international leadership, not just world regarding family planning pro- nal and child health care. In Indonesia, to assist the poor countries of the grams. each dollar spent on family planning world that need our assistance, but, So I think that it is unfortunate will result in $12.5 of savings in public first and foremost, we need to continue that, as we discuss our contributions to expenditures for health and education. our leadership in international family such valuable organizations, we are This does not even take into account planning programs for our own Nation now getting it interspersed and inter- the benefits that accrue to every single and our own future. twined with the abortion debate. We all person on this planet from reduced en- With that, Mr. President, I yield the have our disagreements on the issue of vironmental trauma, reduced immigra- remainder of my time.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I see the Where do we think we are going if Mr. McCONNELL. I believe under the distinguished senior Senator from Wy- current birth and death rates continue? unanimous consent agreement, time oming on the floor. I yield to him 6 The world’s population will again dou- runs equally charged, is that right? minutes. ble in 40 years. We will not have to I suggest the absence of a quorum, Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, I worry about methane gas from cows and I ask that the time be equally thank the Chair. I particularly thank and how much propellant there is in a charged. my friend from Maine, who has been shaving cream can. There will not be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The such a stalwart worker in this area. anything left of the Earth. It will be clerk will call the roll. Senator SNOWE has proven time and totally overpopulated. The assistant legislative clerk pro- time again, on these issues and other Then what happens to the babies, the ceeded to call the roll. issues of reproductive choice, that this old, and the people we all talk about Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask issue is not about abortion. It is sad, all day who have not enough to sustain unanimous consent that the order for actually, that somehow this issue of them. Civilizations have gone down in the quorum call be rescinded. funding the U.N. Population Fund set- that fashion in years past. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tles back on the issue of abortion. That Here we are again, this same issue. I objection, it is so ordered. Who yields is not so. think we should show our support here. time? I support this U.S. funding. I com- The fund is supported entirely by vol- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I mend my colleague from Maine and untary contributions, not by the U.N.’s am told that Senator LEAHY is control- thank her for her consistency and the regular budget. There are donors ready ling the time on the other side and is energy that she puts into this program to assist, budget has been cut back, more than happy to yield at least 3 and all programs of this nature. It is and it would be a real shame if the minutes to the Senator from Vermont. wonderful to have an ally like that be- United States were to back away from Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, there cause it has sometimes been a rather its commitment to the world’s largest are few issues that bear more directly lonely venture over here on these par- source of multilateral assistance for on the future of the globe, and on our ticular issues. But you have to, in this population program. own health and way of living, than pop- situation, give President Clinton some This is subject to all the restrictions ulation growth. If the world’s popu- credit, because during the Reagan-Bush in the past, as Senator Snowe has said. lation continues to grow at the current administrations, these programs fell These restrictions are already in place rate, our prosperity and the potential into disarray on the issue of abortion, to address concerns about U.S. funds for prosperity in much of the devel- which is very unfortunate. being spent in China. Under current ap- oping world are at grave risk. And if we This year, we are looking at funding propriations law, foreign aid funding is are slow in stepping up to the chal- levels of $35 million. I do understand denied to any organization or program lenge of controlling population growth, where we are, obviously, with the budg- that supports or participates in the then it just might be too late. et. I just left a room where we will talk management of a program of coerced Experience has proven that it does about how we are going to get $270 bil- abortion or involuntary sterilization in not take a lot of money to have a large lion in savings in Medicare and some any country. That is in the law. $180 billion in Medicaid. We all know Furthermore, current appropriation effect upon population growth. How- what is confronting us. But I do not law assures that none of the United ever, it does take efficient program- like to see these programs unfairly tar- States contribution to this program ming, consistency, and a commitment geted. It sends a wrong message to the may be used in China. The United for the long term. The U.S. Agency for rest of the world. I was a congressional States is not funding any of the popu- International Development runs the delegate at a conference in Cairo with lation activities of China. The U.N. premier bilateral family planning pro- Senator JOHN KERRY. There were not a Population Fund does not fund abor- gram, and UNFPA runs the largest and great deal of our colleagues seeking tions or support coercive activities. most effective multilateral program. passage to Egypt at that time. UNFPA funds go toward family plan- I am troubled by certain aspects of I have always very much admired ning services and maternal and child this debate. For many years we have President Mubarak and the Govern- health care across the developing hashed over the issue of what kind of ment of Egypt. They gave us a remark- world. conditions we should place on organiza- able convention and convocation, and I No U.S. funds may be commingled tions that receive U.S. population as- was impressed with the leadership of with any other of these U.N. funds, and sistance. A majority of this body re- the Vice President in that effort as numerous penalties exist in the law for peatedly spoke up in opposition to im- that consensus document was formed any violation of the requirement. posing stricter conditions upon family concerning maternal and child health For those reasons, I strongly oppose planning activities overseas than we care, strengthening family planning the pending amendment introduced by impose on U.S. organizations receiving programs, promotion of educational op- the Senator from North Carolina to re- family planning funding at home. This portunities for girls and women, im- quire the United States to stop funding policy seemed to be clearly in our best proving the status of rights of women this program unless the fund with- interest and was certainly the most ef- across the world, discussion of all draws from China. fective way of supporting the best issues, including contraception, fer- I have serious concerns about China, international family planning pro- tility, and many other serious things. its abortion policy, its coercion in that grams. We thought that debate had Of all of the challenges that face the area, but forcing the U.N. population been settled. Yet here we are again. country—and, boy, there are plenty of fund to withdraw from China will not Mr. President, I do not think a lot them all around the world—none com- affect that policy. In fact, without the has changed in the rest of the world pares to the increasing of the popu- careful monitoring that the fund per- since we last revisited this issue. Our lation of the Earth. Every single effort forms, conditions in China will just family planning assistance is still ur- we use or try to do here to protect the simply get much worse. gently needed. UNFPA is still the pre- environment, promote economic devel- The world and the United States can- mier international family planning or- opment, jobs, everything is com- not turn its back on what is currently ganization. And it is still in our best promised and severely injured by the going on in China. We certainly cannot interest to cooperate with those groups staggering growth in the world’s popu- turn our back on the necessity of these which are doing the best work. Impos- lation. funds for the rest of the world, for the ing stringent conditions upon our as- I hope we realize that there are cur- sake of humanity. sistance will merely undercut our own rently 5.7 billion people on the Earth, I thank the Chair. long-term goal—which is to prevent and in 1950, when I was a freshman at Mr. LEAHY. How much time is re- unchecked growth of the world’s popu- the University of Wyoming, not that maining? lation from robbing all of us of the op- long ago, there were 2.5 billion people The PRESIDING OFFICER. On your portunity to give our children a better on the face of the Earth. Mr. President, side 6 minutes 20 seconds, and the future. 2.5 billion in 1950; 5.7 billion today. other side has 49 minutes. I yield the floor.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14045 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who that designate a total of $23.7 million gram in Byelarus by the U.S. Customs yields time? The Senator from Ken- which is taken from the Department of for enforcing limits on contraband tucky. State’s budget for international nar- which help our own customs here at Mr. McCONNELL. Is the Senator cotics control and anticrime assist- home make cases involving smuggling from Kentucky correct that the time ance, and it is transferred to the Fed- out of Byelarus. will be charged equally to both sides if eral Bureau of Investigation. And in We would lose the funding for the there is an absence of a quorum sug- one case, a small amount of money Newly Independent States by the IRS gested? transfers to the Secret Service. which is specifically trying to fight the The PRESIDING OFFICER. That will In my judgment—and particularly in multibillion-dollar problem of money require unanimous consent. the judgment, more importantly, of laundering. There would be no more Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I both the Justice Department and the cases made as a result of the relation- ask unanimous consent that during the State Department—this earmark has a ship which we would lose from that quorum call time be equally charged to number of problems. First, it appears money. both sides, and I suggest the absence of to be a very significant back-door fund- We would lose the training by the Se- a quorum. ing of the FBI going around the normal cret Service in computer crime inves- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without appropriations process of the Senate in tigations in the former Soviet Union, objection, it is so ordered. order to obtain from the foreign oper- and there would be no further crime The clerk will call the roll. ations bill what it could not obtain computer tips to the Secret Service or The assistant legislative clerk pro- from its own appropriations bill. its counterparts in Russia or the ceeded to call the roll. It is my understanding that Senator Ukraine because the Secret Service Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I HOLLINGS advised the FBI very directly would be taken out of that linkage al- ask unanimous consent that the order that he wanted the FBI, and the com- together. for the quorum call be rescinded. mittee wanted the FBI, to concentrate In addition, there would be no fur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without first on its efforts of crime fighting ther training in Russia in postblast in- objection, it is so ordered. here at home in the United States, and vestigation of the kind that was needed Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, and that, while foreign crime fighting is to figure out who shot the embassy the Members of the Senate, the situation is important, he did not think they ought other day. Maybe the FBI can do this this: Senator KERRY is now on the floor to place their principal thrust on oper- on its own. But the fact is that if they prepared to offer an amendment. It will ations so far away from home. cannot, you will have cut off the assist- be our intention to debate the Kerry So when the FBI asked for money ance of those other agencies that cur- amendment between now and the first and in its own budget placed agents rently exist. vote at 6:30 and then stack the vote on abroad, the subcommittee looked at We would lose the training program the Kerry amendment. All Senators those requests and decided not to give of people in the former Soviet Union or should be aware that in all likelihood the FBI that money that it wanted. Central Europe that deals with fraudu- there will now be three votes beginning The FBI now has come back through a lent passports, visas, travel documents. at 6:30. different appropriations bill and re- This is not a specialty of the FBI— I see Senator KERRY is here. I am cer- ceived an earmark taken out of the never has been a specialty of the FBI. tain that he will shortly send his State Department’s appropriations. It is a specialty of the State Depart- amendment to the desk. I believe—again more importantly ment diplomatic service and their pro- Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. the Justice Department and the State The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- grams will be robbed of money because Department believe—that this back- ator from Massachusetts. of this earmark. Mr. KERRY. Thank you, Mr. Presi- door approach creates a lot of difficul- We would lose the antidrug training dent. ties. It is not simply that both the De- by the DEA in Byelarus, Georgia, partments of State and Justice oppose Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, AMENDMENT NO. 2732 AND AMENDMENT NO. 2733 it, but the FBI’s earmark takes funds and Uzbekistan. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I send not just from the State Department it We will lose the training with the two amendments to the desk and ask winds up taking money from every Hungarian police to develop witness for their consideration. other U.S. law enforcement agency en- protection programs that would help The PRESIDING OFFICER. The gaged in fighting crime abroad. It the United States to fight organized clerk will report. The assistant legislative clerk read takes money from the Drug Enforce- crime, and we would shut down the air- as follows: ment Administration. It takes money port interdiction program that we cur- from the U.S. Customs. It takes money rently have in Budapest which is con- The Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. ducted by the DEA. The Baltics would KERRY) proposes amendments numbered 2732 from the Financial Enforcement Cen- and 2733. ter of the Treasury Department, from lose their drug enforcement programs. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I ask the Internal Revenue Service, from the We would lose the training in dealing unanimous consent that reading of the Secret Service, and from diplomatic se- with fraudulent travel documents. We amendments be dispensed with. curity. would see a shutdown of our courses The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The result is that the money that is and training in Central European law objection, it is so ordered. grabbed here by the FBI in this ear- enforcement agencies on how to deal The amendments are as follows: mark outside of its own appropriations with gunrunners and also with the in- bill would shut down operations and formation sharing that we have cur- AMENDMENT NO. 2732 training programs that the United rently set up with our own law enforce- On page 26 of the bill, strike lines 4 through 22. States has placed in a number of dif- ment agencies. ferent countries and which link up all In Poland, we would lose the efforts AMENDMENT NO. 2733 of these law enforcement agencies, to combat economic crime and coun- On page 29 of the bill, strike the word ‘‘Ap- each of which are operating as part of terfeiting, activities that threaten propriations:’’ on line 17 and all that follows a team. United States citizens and particularly it on that page and insert in lieu thereof: What this earmark does is destroys our businesses and our currency. ‘‘Appropriations.’’. the team, eliminates the training pro- We would have to shut down the ad- Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, these two grams, and winds up plunking the vance counterfeit investigations that amendments are in sequence. They money down in the hands of the FBI, our Secret Service is currently engaged amend two different committee amend- when the committee that has jurisdic- in with the Polish Government. And we ments but they go to the same issue. tion over the FBI said we do not want would have to shut down our postblast Obviously, if the first one fails, on a to do that. training in Poland as well as our vote, I will be happy to have a voice Let me tell you some of the programs microcomputer training. vote sequentially on the other. that will be lost by virtue of this ear- In Rumania, we would lose the com- This amendment is an amendment to mark, this very special earmark for the bating of economic fraud and counter- the bill in order to strike earmarks FBI. We would lose the training pro- feiting as well as the postblast training

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 taking place there, and we would lose used before and they are best left under FBI has been making to help the Newly the United States capacity currently the control of our Ambassadors, under Independent States begin to deal more developed against the use in Rumania the control of our executive. effectively with their own criminal of fraudulent visas and passports. I might add that neither the Justice problem which is spilling over to our In summary, Mr. President, if the Department nor the Treasury Depart- shores. FBI gets this money earmarked at the ment believe this is a good idea, and I Now, some people say that foreign expense of the State Department that do not believe that it is a wise idea for aid is something they have a hard time currently metes out this money to the Senate to end run Cabinet Secre- understanding. They have a hard time these various activities, we would be taries and other entities and go to a seeing how it has any impact here. shutting out these other agencies, un- subagency and wind up funding it Well, of all the items in this bill, the less the FBI decided out of their good through the back door of a whole dif- one that has the most direct bearing on will to somehow bring them in and par- ferent department’s arena. us here at home is the efforts we are cel it out. You would lose many of Mr. President, I will reserve some making with the Russians and with the these relationships throughout Central time here. I know my colleague wants others in that part of the world to Europe and the Baltics in order simply to say a few words. We can come back begin to get a handle on an extraor- to augment FBI agents’ incapacity. In and revisit it. But I really think that dinarily serious crime problem that is some cases, this earmark would actu- we should stick with the original in- spilling over to our shores. ally provide money to the FBI that tention of the Appropriations Com- The reason these earmarks are nec- they have never even requested. For mittee that has jurisdiction over this essary is because if it is left up to the example, the Bureau has never asked issue. State Department like it was last year, to maintain offices in Kazakhstan, and Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the Mr. President, they will not give this according to the Department of State Chair. program anything or very little, be- EN- there currently is not a lot of work The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. B cause they do not care about it. NETT). The Senator from Kentucky. there for the FBI to do even though This is about priorities. And what the they have other specialized efforts that Mr. McCONNELL. My good friend from Massachusetts could not be more underlying bill says is that it is a pri- they want to perform in Kazakhstan. ority for us to help them do a better In addition, Mr. President, because of wrong. The amendment does not take job of dealing with an organized crimi- the structure, the way each of these $23.9 million out of the State Depart- nal effort that not only adversely af- entities work in another country, it is ment; $17.1 million of the funds are fects them, but adversely affects us. So entirely possible that even with this drawn from the NIS account, an ac- the Kerry amendment is completely in- earmarking the FBI would not be able count we substantially increase over appropriate, and I certainly hope that to put the money to use because the the House level. it will not be approved. Ambassador in the country could de- The fact of the matter is, Mr. Presi- cide that the Ambassador does not dent, if we are going to continue this Earlier this week the Russian Am- want those moneys used or those peo- program, which has been extremely ef- bassador was in my office, and we dis- ple positioned, and the Ambassador, as fective, the only way to do it is the cussed a number of issues, including the personal representative of the exec- way that we have done it in the under- this very issue, the devastating impact utive in a foreign country, has the lying bill. The FBI—the letter from Di- that crime was having on Russia’s eco- right to determine what entities will rector Freeh to me of September 18 nomic and political process. And Am- be based in a country. That is why makes the point, ‘‘The FBI does not bassador Vorontsov lamented the fact these efforts are coordinated out of the have funding for these international that corruption and violence over there State Department in the first place. training efforts in our budget. It is has reached epidemic proportion. Last What that means is that if the FBI from the support that you and your Tuesday, the New York Times provided wants to have someone abroad and the colleagues provided last year that we a disturbing analysis of the weaknesses Ambassador does not believe it is a were able to undertake these endeav- of the banking sector over there. good idea for that person to be there, ors. Because the FBI has no separate To quote the New York Times arti- given the underlying political situa- appropriation for this purpose, we must cle: tion, the FBI is not permitted to base rely upon the Department of State for Banking in Russia has developed a reputa- somebody there. grants.’’ That was the situation last tion as a risky business, especially for bank- So here we are taking the money year, Mr. President. ers who are gunned down— away from the people who have the Let me tell you what happened, Mr. Gunned down— right to decide who is going to be there President and Members of the Senate. with horrifying frequency by mobsters in- doing it, and you might in effect wind Last year the Senate provided $30 mil- tent on intimidation and extortion. up not only cutting the money from lion for this purpose. The FBI had the people who are there now that the begged for the money from the State At the end of August, the Washington Ambassadors want to have use it, but Department. The State Department be- Post ran an editorial titled, ‘‘Murder you might give it to somebody who in grudgingly gave them $6 million. Inc. in Moscow.’’ The editorial called effect the Ambassador would decide In other words, the State Depart- attention to an unusual demonstration they did not want to have use it. There ment does not like this project. They outside the secret police headquarters. are all kinds of political reasons why are against this project. The $12.6 mil- Middle-aged businessmen with brief- an Ambassador in some country might lion earmark in this underlying bill case and bodyguards in tow were pro- not want the fabled FBI involving will support the International Law En- testing the murder of a colleague Ivan itself in some of the activities of a par- forcement Center in Budapest, as well Kivalidi. As the Post pointed out, Mr. ticular country. as short-term training sessions in Po- Kivalidi, chairman of the Russian Busi- It seems to me there are a series of land, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, ness Round Table, was a ‘‘notable fig- problems raised by this. The political Kazakhstan, Moldova, the Czech Re- ure in the world of Russian finance; a situation in a particular country or public, Slovakia, Kyrgystan, and Slo- casualty in the war now underway be- certain forces in a particular country venia. They are earmarked for the FBI tween the two kinds of private enter- might well want to use the FBI pres- but will support the DEA, BATF, Se- prise in Russia—the legitimate and the ence in that country to raise political cret Service, and other law enforce- violently criminal.’’ issues such as leaking information for ment agencies working in the center in Although a $1 million reward was of- political purposes, and it would hardly Budapest. fered for information on his murder, be advantageous to the United States What is this about, Mr. President? his colleagues were pessimistic. to have the FBI conceivably become Russian organized crime is impacting One commented: ‘‘We have grounds used or involved in those kinds of ac- us here in this country. And if there is to think that the police are closely re- tivities. any provision in this foreign operations lated to the killings. None of the inves- Those are kinds of things the DEA, appropriations bill that directly affects tigations of contract killings in the CIA, or a host of other agencies have us here at home, it is the efforts the last year produced results.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14047 When Prime Minister Chernomyrdin programs. But those activities have States. In addition to the contributions announced new tough anticrime meas- been ad hoc and funded on a shoestring. these efforts provide toward democratiza- ures, he was scorned—scorned—by the Concerned about this crazy quilt ap- tion, we have seen tangible results from the local news media. Izvestia questioned proach, I asked the FBI for an unoffi- joint investigations and subsequent prosecu- tions of international criminals made pos- the 70 pages of crimefighting declara- cial and rough estimate of the costs for sible only because of these initiatives. tions already issued by the Govern- several initiatives which would address The FBI does not have funding for these ment, and the result, they asked? ‘‘The our interests in the region. international training efforts in our budget. government is unable to fight crime.’’ Roughly $12 million is needed to sus- It is from the support that you and your col- Now, everyone is impressed by the re- tain training, exchanges and investiga- leagues provided last year that we were able markable progress Russia has achieved. tive and technical assistance both at to undertake these endeavors. Because the But as the Washington Post warns, if the center in Budapest and in country. FBI has no separate appropriation for this the crime trend continues, ‘‘Russians I believe these programs should be purpose, we must rely upon the Department of State for grants. are going to believe that democracy complemented by an ongoing presence In a related issue, I understand that the means confusion and that respect for of legal attaches in the region, so I Commerce, State, Justice appropriations bill law means weakness. Uncontrollable have also provided funds to support for Fiscal Year 1996 would provide some violent crime is turning into a greater legal attache´s in Estonia, Ukraine, and funding that could be used for limited expan- threat than any political force now on Kazakhstan. Given the magnitude of sion of our Legal Attache program. These of- the scene.’’ the problem, this is really a relatively fices are essential in our effort to combat This is not a new problem. Since our modest investment. international crime. I hope this information has been helpful to trip to Moscow in 1993, Senator LEAHY I ask unanimous consent to have you. printed in the RECORD a recent ex- and I have repeatedly raised the crime Sincerely yours, problem. It was the principal concern change of letters I had with Judge LOUIS J. FREEH, expressed by the business community, Freeh about my decision to expand the Director. our business community. Indeed, the Bureau’s role and an August 26, 1995, principal impediment to expanding for- newspaper article. U.S. SENATE, eign investment over there—the prin- There being no objection, the mate- Washington, DC, September 18, 1995. cipal impediment; there are plenty of rial was ordered to be printed in the Hon. LOUIS J. FREEH, impediments to Americans doing busi- RECORD, as follows: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, ness in Russia—but the principal im- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, DC. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, pediment is this: Beginning in 1993, we DEAR JUDGE FREEH: I have received your encouraged the administration to pro- Washington, DC, September 15, 1995. letter of September 15th, and appreciate the vide adequate funds to support legal re- Hon. MITCH MCCONNELL, difficult circumstances you find yourself in. forms and the drafting and implemen- Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Oper- As you know, I share your belief that com- ations, Senate Appropriations Committee. bating the growing international crime prob- tation of a tax, criminal, and commer- DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am writing to ad- lem is essential. I am sympathetic to the cial code. vise you the Departments of State and Jus- State Department’s objections to earmarks Last year, Mr. President, we voted tice are adamantly opposed to any ear- but worry that eliminating this provision marking of funding for the Federal Bureau of 100 to 0 to support this effort by ear- would deny funds to this worthwhile effort. Investigation in the Foreign Operations, Ex- marking resources for the FBI and for Would the FBI be able to fund these pro- port Financing, and Related Programs Ap- local law enforcement training. We grams without support from the Foreign Op- propriation Bill, 1996. Pursuant to those ob- were just beginning to see how prob- erations Appropriation Bill? lems in the NIS were spilling over and jections, I respectfully request the Com- I look forward to your reply, and congratu- mittee not to use this mechanism to fund infecting Europe. late you on the success this initiative has the FBI programs in question. enjoyed to date. We were also beginning to see evi- The programs for which this funding is Sincerely, dence that the 5,000 organized criminal being made available remain critically im- MITCH MCCONNELL, portant and the FBI remains committed to enterprises which were strangling Rus- United States Senator. sia were expanding their bank fraud, the democratization process in Central Eu- rope, Russia, and the New Independent smuggling and narcotics trafficking to [From the Washington Post, Aug. 26, 1995] States. Quite frankly, it has been through U.S. shores. MURDER INC. IN MOSCOW Mr. President, Russian crime is now the support and commitment of people like yourself that the FBI in the past year has As demonstrations go in Moscow, it was American crime. There are no longer been able to make a significant impact in decidedly unusual. The participants were borders or boundaries. The problem has the region. As you know, in the past year, we middle-aged businessmen carrying brief- swept across the ocean and arrived have brought training to over 1,700 middle to cases, surrounded by their bodyguards, gath- here at home. upper-level police officers in their countries, ered near the building that houses the secret In July, the FBI arrested five Rus- at the FBI Academy in Quantico, and police for the purpose of protesting the mur- sians in New York City involved in a through innovative efforts at our newly cre- der of a banker—and calling attention to the string of international extortion and ated International Law Enforcement Acad- very slight chance that justice will ever murder cases. emy in Budapest. catch up with the people who did it. The vic- As we continue our efforts, we are hopeful tim, a man named Ivan Kivelidi, was also And extortion is not the worst of the that the Department of State will continue chairman of the Russian Business Round problems we can expect. For the past 2 to support our efforts to confront the prob- Table and a notable figure in the emerging years, Judge Freeh has warned of the lems of international organized crime, drug world of Russian finance. He was a casualty ominous rise in arrests of individuals trafficking, nuclear trafficking, and ter- in the war now underway between the two involved in smuggling nuclear mate- rorism. kinds of private enterprise in Russia—the le- rial—smuggling nuclear material, Mr. Sincerely yours, gitimate and the violently criminal. President. LOUIS J. FREEH, Mr. Kivelidi’s death is important because Yet the administration keeps citing Director. it is typical of many in a country where racketeering has become pervasive. Anyone the need for flexibility, just as they did U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, who hopes to see Russia develop as a pros- last year when they prevailed upon the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, perous democracy can only read with dread conferees to strip out $30 million for Washington, DC, September 18, 1995. about this epidemic of killings, the great law enforcement activities. Hon. MITCH MCCONNELL, majority of which remain unsolved. If Rus- In the meantime, the problems have Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Oper- sia’s elected government cannot organize ef- gotten worse. Crime is a serious prob- ations, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. fective law enforcement, it risks being re- lem. The solution requires a serious ef- Senate. placed by other kinds of government as pub- fort and investment on our part. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you for your lic fears increase. This spring with congressional sup- letter of this date. My view, remains that Russia’s police and system of justice is dis- the law enforcement training initiatives we organized and demoralized, frequently cor- port, the FBI opened an international have undertaken and cop-to-cop relationship rupt and generally ineffectual. The post-So- law enforcement training center in Bu- that will flow from these endeavors are abso- viet government has, with reason, wanted to dapest. In addition, the FBI cobbled to- lutely essential to the long-term public safe- change it from the instrument of repression gether short term, in country training ty and national security of the United that it used to be into something else. But

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 the transformation has gotten bogged down, Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs Mi- leaving the system uncertain and incom- might inquire of the manager of the khail Yegorov, there were 5,691 orga- petent, with salaries eroded by inflation and bill for a moment—— nized crime groups in Russia, with over with no consensus regarding its purpose and Mr. McCONNELL. Yes. 100,000 gang members. its powers. In addition to the number of groups If this condition continues, Russians are Mr. D’AMATO. If I might have 2 min- going to begin to believe that democracy utes. operating in Russia, there are close to means confusion and that respect for law Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I 100 criminal groups concentrated in 29 means weakness. Russia is an inherently ask unanimous consent that the re- countries, including Germany, Italy, rich country, with immense natural re- maining 10 minutes before the vote be Poland, Hungary, the Baltic Countries, sources and a well-educated population. In divided equally. Turkey, China, and 24 in the United less than four years since the collapse of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there States alone, with a concentration in Soviet Union, its private sector has grown objection? Without objection, it is so my own backyard of Brighton Beach, with remarkable speed. After a sharp eco- ordered. NY. nomic decline, a recovery now seems to be In Brighton Beach, Russian organized well underway. Who yields time? But this promise of growth and steadily Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I crime gangs become intimately in- improving living conditions depends on po- yield 4 minutes to the distinguished volved in gasoline-tax scams, insurance litical and social stability. Uncontrollable Senator from New York. fraud, drug trafficking, forgery, and violent crime is turning into a greater threat The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- contract killings. to it than any political force now on the ator from New York. In addition to New York, Russian or- scene. That little funeral demonstration on a Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I do ganized crime gangs operate in San summer evening in Moscow, in memory of not intend to take all that time. Francisco, Los Angeles, Miami, Chi- Mr. Kivelidi, was a warning. Anarchy is not The FBI is earmarked for $12.6 mil- cago. Their activities range from a popular form of government. lion for foreign law enforcement train- money laundering, illegal money trans- Mr. MCCONNELL. On Monday, Judge ing in the International Law Enforce- actions, control of gambling and pros- Freeh wrote to advise me that the ment Academy in Hungary. titution, narcotics trafficking, and State Department and the Justice De- This earmark is essential for the se- most dangerously, in 1993, 241 cases of partment opposed earmarking funds for curity of the United States. And I say illegal trading in nuclear material in the FBI in the foreign operations bill. this because the FBI is training the Germany. Frankly, he felt obliged to register law enforcement officers of Russia and Worse yet, these gangs have formed their concerns. He did go on to point the former Soviet Union and also East- connections with the Sicilian mafia out, however, that congressional sup- ern Europe so that the organized crime and the Colombian gangs. port last year was what was respon- gangs do not bring their business to the Additionally, it is very alarming to sible for training over 1,700 middle- to United States. look at the activities of these gangs in upper-level police officers at Quantico And when I say the United States, I counterfeiting U.S. Federal Reserve and at the new center in Budapest. want you to know that they are doing notes, FRN’s. During fiscal year 1992, there were no counterfeit FRNs re- I wrote back and asked Judge Freeh a thriving business in my own State of ported as appearing in Russia by either if these programs were important and New York, in Brighton Beach, which Russian or United States governmental whether they could be sustained from has been called ‘‘the hub of the Russian entities. The reason for the absence of existing FBI resources. And here is mafia.’’ reported counterfeit U.S. currency ac- what he said, Mr. President. I am encouraged by FBI Director tivity was apparently in direct correla- JUDGE FREEH: My view remains that the Louis Freeh’s deep commitment to tion to the restricted Russian-Amer- law enforcement training initiatives we have fighting Russian organized crime. His ican political and economic relation- undertaken and cop-to-cop relationships that efforts have highlighted his concern for flow from these endeavors are absolutely es- ship. sential to the long-term public safety and the issue and we want to support him During fiscal year 1993, however, national security of the United States. as he has taken the clear initiative on without any assistance directed at the this important front. Of this country. detection of counterfeit U.S. currency, With these funds the FBI will be able $1,049,090 in counterfeit U.S. currency In addition to the contributions these ef- to continue international cooperation forts provide toward democratization, we was documented as appearing in Rus- have seen tangible results from joint inves- on a level heretofore not seen in inter- sia. Accordingly to law enforcement of- tigations and subsequent prosecutions of national law enforcement. The FBI will ficials, this activity is apparently international criminals made possible only be able to provide training in organized ‘‘only the tip of the iceberg,’’ and the (only) because of these initiatives. crime and related investigative mat- actual amount of activity would read- This is Judge Freeh now. ‘‘The FBI ters, forensic and other advanced inves- ily become more apparent when U.S. does not have the funding for these tigative technological support, and law enforcement personnel can get to international training efforts in our continue the goodwill efforts begun the region. budget.’’ The recent arrests in New last year with Director Freeh’s visit to If we do not begin work on solving York provide just one more example of the region. Because the countries of this problem now, we are headed for a the joint investigations which pro- Eastern Europe are facing the Russian situation where crime will so inundate duced concrete results protecting crime gangs first, before they come the region that democracy itself be- American interests. here, this type of cooperation is vitally come threatened and perhaps fall. If an No doubt some of my colleagues will necessary and unprecedented in the extremist were to come to power in a want to sidetrack this important ear- history of law enforcement. backlash to a situation of near or total mark into a debate about the FBI’s Presently, one of the greatest threats anarchy, we might find ourselves again role somewhere else. I would rather see facing democracy in Russia and East- threatened with confrontation with the FBI live up to its potential, and I ern Europe today, is the rapid expan- Russia. As for the other former states think that this particular amendment sion of organized crime. The situation of the Soviet Union, they might also is absolutely essential if we are going is so bad that organized crime literally find themselves threatened by the re- to help achieve something not only for threatens to undermine the very de- surgent nationalism these extremists the Russians but ourselves in the law mocracy that the United States and espouse. enforcement area. the West seek to protect through their For these reasons, we must act now Obviously, I hope the Kerry amend- assistance programs, and more so by to stem the tide of Russian organized ment will be defeated overwhelmingly. connection, our own security. crime. If we do not act now, the fate of I think it is a very bad amendment. It President Yeltsin has stated that Russia and our own security will be- obviously takes us in the wrong direc- ‘‘organized crime is trying to take the come threatened. We cannot allow this tion. country by the throat.’’ chance to stop the violence, from slip- Mr. President, we have about 10 min- When one looks at the numbers, this ping through our hands. utes left. I suggest we split the remain- is becoming all too clear. At the begin- If the Russian crime syndicates con- ing 10 minutes. ning of 1994, according to Russian First tinue at the pace they are taking, it

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14049 could cause a right-wing backlash in my 11 years here on international vious order, the question is on agreeing Russia, bringing another dictatorial crime and organized crime as anyone in to the Helms amendment No. 2730. leader to power, this time from the the Senate. It is my concern that what The yeas and nays have been ordered. right. This situation would invariably is at stake here is the capacity to con- The clerk will call the roll. throw the fate of democratic reform trol and the capacity to have oversight The legislative clerk called the roll. into doubt and cast the world back into and an appropriate coordination. This The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there the throws of the cold war. is not a question about whether the any other Senators in the Chamber de- Let me say this, Mr. President. These FBI should get money. It is a question siring to vote? moneys are absolutely essential if we about how it ought to get the money The result was announced—yeas 43, are going to have any success dealing and who will coordinate these inter- nays 57, as follows: with the kind of organized crime ef- national efforts today. [Rollcall Vote No. 456 Leg.] forts that have made an incredible im- It ought to be of great concern to YEAS—43 Senators that both the Justice Depart- pact in the United States of America Abraham Faircloth Lugar from abroad but yet impacting my ment and Treasury Department are op- Ashcroft Frist Mack city, the city of New York, and its peo- posed to a subagency coming in and Bennett Gorton McCain ple. getting funding separately outside of Biden Gramm McConnell Bond Grams Murkowski I have to tell you, this earmark is es- the Cabinet process, outside of the nor- Breaux Grassley mal appropriations process. It ought to Nickles sential for the security of the United Burns Gregg Pressler States, and it is being used today pro- be of concern that the FBI wants to Coats Hatch Santorum Cochran Heflin begin a training program in Ukraine Shelby ductively to fight crime. We have an Coverdell Helms Smith area in New York that, unfortunately, for a model of the FBI on their own, Craig Hutchison Thompson has become a magnet for organized without the oversight and input and D’Amato Inhofe DeWine Kempthorne Thurmond crime. That is in Brooklyn, Brighton constructive effort of all of these other Warner agencies. This is a team effort in this Dole Kyl Beach. I want you to know that they Domenici Lott are doing a thriving business. country. We have always been best NAYS—57 What the FBI is attempting to do is when law enforcement is a team effort. to coordinate, to train and to build the This represents solo flying. I respect- Akaka Ford Moseley-Braun fully suggest that we ought to be con- Baucus Glenn Moynihan kind of relationship abroad, not only in Bingaman Graham Murray Russia, but in other areas, so that they cerned about this question of control. Boxer Harkin Nunn have the ability to communicate, to The fact is that the FBI has received Bradley Hatfield Packwood interdict, to stop and, hopefully, stop over half of the funds available to the Brown Hollings Pell State Department for this purpose last Bryan Inouye Pryor it before it becomes so pervasive in the Bumpers Jeffords Reid United States. year, and every single one of the FBI’s Byrd Johnston Robb This money funds organized crime in- request to undertake training last year Campbell Kassebaum Rockefeller Chafee Kennedy Roth vestigations, insurance fraud, bank was granted by the State Department. Not a single FBI request was turned Cohen Kerrey Sarbanes fraud, murder, smuggling—and do you Conrad Kerry Simon know where that is taking place? Not down. So let us put this in its proper Daschle Kohl Simpson just abroad, but here. That is the im- perspective. Dodd Lautenberg Snowe But, on the other hand, I think it is Dorgan Leahy Specter pact. I cannot believe that we would the kind of issue where Senators com- Exon Levin Stevens want to in any way impede this very Feingold Lieberman Thomas ing to the floor and voting with the Ap- successful program for a very modest Feinstein Mikulski Wellstone propriations Committee’s issues the investment. It is absolutely essential So the amendment (No. 2730) was re- way they are, that this would be best that we continue. We should be doing jected. resolved through further discussions. more. My hope is the appropriate parties Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I move to So I hope, as well-intentioned as my will engage in that effort so that we reconsider the vote by which the colleague’s endeavors—and I believe can guarantee that we are not injuring amendment was rejected. them to be so; he has been a proponent other aspects of a coordinated team ef- Mr. INOUYE. I move to lay that mo- of more anticrime legislation or as fort; rather, that we are enhancing all tion on the table. much as anybody. But I hope that we of our capacity to fight this new and The motion to lay on the table was let the Director and let the other agen- significantly increasing threat of inter- agreed to. cies, the Treasury Department and the national organized crime. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I DEA, have that opportunity to make So I ask unanimous consent that I be am going to yield the floor. I hope the an impact in saving lives, in battling permitted to withdraw both amend- Senator from New Mexico would seek crime right here in the United States ments. recognition. of America, because that is what the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. BINGAMAN addressed the Chair. impact of these funds are. objection? Without objection, it is so The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. ordered. The amendments are with- ator from New Mexico. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- drawn. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I am ator from Massachusetts. The amendments (Nos. 2732 and 2733) informed by the managers of the bill Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank were withdrawn. that it would be more appropriate to my colleague and friend for his com- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I offer this as an amendment to the ments and the acknowledgement of want to thank my friend from Massa- State, Justice, Commerce bill which is what this Senator has done in this chusetts for withdrawing the amend- scheduled for consideration next week. area. It is precisely because of that ments. It has been a useful discussion. For that reason, I withdraw the that I am here today. I ask unanimous consent that imme- amendment at this time. It was my intention, and is my inten- diately following the vote on the Helms The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tion, to ask at the end of my comments amendment No. 2730, which will start objection? Without objection, the to withdraw these amendments, but I momentarily, that there be 4 minutes amendment is withdrawn. wanted to raise this debate. My hope is of debate equally divided in the usual Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have that, in the days to come, there can be form prior to a motion to table the been discussing this with the distin- some further discussion in the context Bingaman amendment, upon which we guished chairman. of the conference, and otherwise, to will vote right after the Helms amend- Mr. FORD. Mr. President, may we guarantee what is really at the heart of ment. have order? what this Senator is concerned about. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I do not think there is any Senator— objection, it is so ordered. ator will please suspend. The Senate is I do not say this with any special fin- VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 2730 not in order. ger pointing—but I think I have had as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour Mr. LEAHY. I yield to the Senator many hearings and as much focus in of 6:30 having arrived, under the pre- from Kentucky.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the which I understand the managers of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Chair. the bill have agreed. I do not believe any other Senators in the Chamber The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that this revised section is as strong or who desire to vote? ator from Kentucky. specific as it should be, nor is it even The result was announced—yeas 43, Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, and as strong as the original version. Fur- nays 57, as follows: Members of the Senate, where we are ther, I still believe that my amend- [Rollcall Vote No. 457 Leg.] we have one more amendment upon ment would provide a more concrete YEAS—43 which we will be voting, a motion to and fundamental structure for moni- Akaka Ford Mikulski table very shortly, the Helms amend- toring compliance with the agreed Biden Glenn Moseley-Braun ment. And in all likelihood the only framework on nuclear issues between Bingaman Graham Moynihan additional vote will be final passage. Boxer Harkin Murray the United States and North Korea. Bradley Heflin There is one other amendment we are Nunn Nevertheless, it appears to me that Breaux Inouye Pell still working on. So there could pos- the revised section 575 takes at least a Bryan Johnston Pryor sibly be two rollcall votes plus final few first steps toward the objectives of Bumpers Kennedy Reid Conrad Kerrey Robb passage; but in all likelihood one roll- my amendment, No. 2712. Just as im- Daschle Kerry Rockefeller call on an amendment, a tabling mo- portantly, it puts the administration Dodd Kohl Sarbanes Dorgan Lautenberg tion, and then final passage. So we are and the North Koreans on notice that Simon very, very close to finishing the bill. Exon Leahy we will be monitoring closely the im- Feingold Levin Wellstone Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, following plementation of the agreed framework Feinstein Lieberman that, I would hope Senators would co- on nuclear issues, including North Ko- NAYS—57 operate. We know we are going to have rea’s commitment to participate in di- to pass this bill. We know the distin- Abraham Faircloth Mack alog with the Republic of Korea. Ashcroft Frist McCain guished Republican leader and the dis- As a result, and to save time for the Baucus Gorton McConnell tinguished Democratic leader have said Senate as it moves to complete this Bennett Gramm Murkowski there are other bills coming along be- bill, and because the revised amend- Bond Grams Nickles Brown Grassley Packwood hind it. I would hope we would go for- ment comes at least some way toward Burns Gregg Pressler ward with it. my amendment, I would like to with- Byrd Hatch Roth I note one thing for my colleagues. I draw my amendment at this time. Campbell Hatfield Santorum have listened to the discussion of the However, in doing so, I want to ad- Chafee Helms Shelby Coats Hollings Simpson distinguished Republican leader this vise my colleagues that since this issue Cochran Hutchison Smith afternoon and the distinguished chair- deserves extensive further debate and Cohen Inhofe Snowe man of the Foreign Relations Com- consideration within the Senate, I am Coverdell Jeffords Specter Craig Kassebaum Stevens mittee. I assume this would mean, if he going to propose my amendment in the D’Amato Kempthorne Thomas has his up-or-down vote, or a clear vote form of a freestanding bill in the near DeWine Kyl Thompson on his amendment—— future. I also advise my colleagues that Dole Lott Thurmond The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the my friend Senator HELMS has promised Domenici Lugar Warner Senator suspend while the Senate to consider this matter in his com- So the motion to table the amend- comes to order? mittee expeditiously. ment (No. 2707) was rejected. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I assume Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I move to after that vote we would then go for- ask unanimous consent that the Mur- reconsider the vote by which the mo- ward with the confirmation of a num- kowski amendment be laid aside and tion was rejected. ber of ambassadors. This is not just that the pending business be the Helms Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion some small matter. It is now mid-Sep- amendment regarding State Depart- on the table. tember, and we have people who have ment reorganization. The motion to lay on the table was children. The children do not know Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I agreed to. where they are going to be going to would like to advise the floor manager Mr. HELMS addressed the Chair. school, and they do not know whether the Murkowski amendment has been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- they will move out of the house or in. withdrawn. ator from North Carolina. This is a very, very real situation for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- AMENDMENT NO. 2707, WITHDRAWN these families. We may have our efforts ator has the right to withdraw his Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, par- back and forth with each other, but the amendment. liamentary inquiry. Have the yeas and children ought to have some idea where Does the Senator from Alaska re- nays been ordered on the amendment? they are going to be going to school, quest that? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and what they are going to be doing. Mr. MURKOWSKI. The Senator from and nays have not been ordered on the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Alaska does request that. amendment. note the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I with- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment is withdrawn. draw the amendment. clerk will call the roll. So the amendment (No. 2712) was The amendment (No. 2707) was with- The legislative clerk proceeded to withdrawn. drawn. call the roll. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 2707 Mr. LEAHY addressed the Chair. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ask unanimous consent that the order the pending business the Helms amend- ator from Vermont. for the quorum call be rescinded. ment regarding State Department reor- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, obvi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ganization? ously, I agree with the withdrawal of objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the amendment and hope that will be Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, is ator from Kentucky is correct. an issue better addressed in another the Senator from Kentucky correct Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I move to forum. I am pleased it was. I also hope that the pending amendment is the table the Helms amendment and ask that we may see soon the Ambas- Helms amendment regarding State De- for the yeas and nays. sadors—this confirmation is still being partment reorganization? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a withheld—so the family, the children, AMENDMENT NO. 2712, WITHDRAWN sufficient second? There is a sufficient everybody else can make plans, espe- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The second. cially since the school year is now pending question is on the Murkowski The yeas and nays were ordered. upon us. amendment No. 2712. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I question is on agreeing to the motion ask unanimous consent that the com- have reviewed the revision of section to table the Helms amendment No. mittee amendments be considered and 575 of the committee amendment of 2707. The yeas and nays have been or- agreed to, en bloc; that the bill be con- H.R. 1868 concerning North Korea, to dered. The clerk will call the roll. sidered as original text for the purpose

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14051 of further amendment; and that no with this situation. That may happen, Third, I believe Russia has wrongly points of order be waived thereon by inevitably, but certainly we should do discounted the disruptive impact on reason of this agreement. no harm. international affairs that Iran could The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without This provision in this bill is going to play, should it succeed in developing objection, it is so ordered. cause very big problems if it remains in even crude nuclear weapons. Yet it is So the committee amendments were conference. I hope all Senators will unreasonable to assume that Russia agreed to, en bloc. think carefully about this situation. I wants to help Iran to become a nuclear The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there hope the conferees will look very care- weapons state. Russia possesses over further amendments? fully as to whether they can use a rifle 20,000 nuclear warheads, tons of weap- Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I have approach, making it clear what our ons-grade fissile material, and hun- great reservations about a provision in policy is, making it clear that we dis- dreds of scientists and technicians this bill that cuts overall aid to Russia agree with this sale, that it has some skilled in creating nuclear weapons. based on the Iranian nuclear reactor penalties attached, but not cutting Russia does not need to build a light sale. I will not detain the Senate to- overall economic assistance to a coun- water reactor in Iran to boost the Ira- night. I will ask for Senators to think try that really holds the future of nu- nian nuclear weapons program. If Rus- very carefully about this. I think it is clear proliferation in its hands with its sia decides to supply Iran with nuclear essential that we understand that the huge arsenal of weapons, and a country weapons, it can do so in a few hours. whose own stability is enormously im- number one national security chal- Fourth, I believe we must ask wheth- lenge we have in the next 5, 10 years re- portant to our own national security. I ask the conferees to consider this er United States influence on Russia to lates to proliferation. safeguard nuclear technology, to pre- I completely agree with the critics of matter very carefully when they go to conference and not to be locked into vent it from being applied to the Ira- this sale by the Russians to the Ira- nian nuclear weapons program, will be nians. It is my view that this is against this position, which I think is unwise and against our own national security increased by a ban on United States as- the U.S. national security interests sistance to Russia. I think the reverse and also against the security interests interests. Mr. President, I would like to com- is more likely: that cessation of United of Russia. We have a common security ment briefly on the section of H.R. 1868 States aid will decrease the likelihood interest in preventing the proliferation that provides: of Russian cooperation with us on this of nuclear weapons. We differ because No funds may be made available under this vital issue. the Russians are making the sale for heading for Russia unless the President de- Mr. President, our concern over Rus- economic reasons. The question is: How termines and certifies in writing to the Com- sia’s determination to continue with do we respond? Do we respond with a mittees on Appropriations that the Govern- sale of civilian nuclear reactory tech- shotgun attack, cutting overall aid ment of Russia has terminated all planning nology and equipment to Iran should and implementation of arrangements to pro- which is what this bill does, or do we be addressed, in my view, with a care- have a more refined approach, a rifle vide Iran with technical expertise, training, technology or equipment necessary to de- fully-aimed marksman’s rifle, not with approach, making it clear that our own a shotgun blast that demolishes every- policy is not in any way going to per- velop a nuclear reactor or related nuclear re- search facilities or programs. thing in front of it. If we cut off all aid mit them to do this without protest, It is clear, Mr. President, that the because of this sale to Iran, what do we nevertheless, reserving some economic Government of Russia has decided, take away the next time Russia acts in leverage— a way we believe is contrary to our in- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, may we over strong and I believe well-founded United States objections, to proceed terests? We will have fired all our am- have order? munition and will have little economic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- with the sale of light water reactor leverage left. ate will be in order. technology and equipment to Iran. So Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I think it the effect of this provision would be to It may be that some aspects of our is important that we not use all of our block all United States foreign assist- assistance to Russia merit critical re- economic leverage on this matter, as ance to Russia in the coming fiscal view and reduction. That is another important as it is. If the Russians year. issue entirely. Overall, however, I be- Mr. President, I oppose the sale of wanted the Iranians to have nuclear lieve our assistance has made an im- Russian nuclear reactor technology weapons, they could get them nuclear portant contribution to movement to- and equipment to Iran. It is not in our weapons in 24 hours. Yet, this provision ward the development of market econ- country’s national security interests. I omy, a political democracy, and a plu- in this bill acts as if the Russians are believe it also will not serve Russia’s indeed trying to give the Iranians a nu- ralistic society in Russia. To my mind, national security interests. this is clearly in our national security clear weapons capacity. That is not However, I think we need to consider what the Russians are doing. They are interests and should not be brought to carefully whether a cutoff of all foreign a total halt because of our disagree- trying to gain economic advantage be- assistance to Russia will advance our cause of their economic situation. ment with an unwise decision by the national security interests. I have seri- current Russian Government. I do not have an amendment on this. ous doubts that this provision will I think all Members ought to think Mr. President, I offer these remarks serve U.S. interests. in the hope that the Senate conferees about this very carefully. The Russians First, I believe Russia’s decision to will review this provision carefully as are the only empire in history with proceed with this sale was based on they enter into conference on H.R. 1868. 30,000 nuclear weapons that has col- economic considerations. The Russian lapsed. They have some thousands and economy, and particularly the budget Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I want to thousands of tons of chemical weapons, of the Ministry for Atomic Energy, associate myself with the remarks of and no one even knows how much in bi- badly needs additional revenue. From Senator NUNN, relative to the provision ological weapons, and with scientists their perspective, this deal appears restricting funds for Russia. that know how to produce this mate- very lucrative. I hope the conferees will add Presi- rial and know how to make these weap- Second, in my view, a cutoff of U.S. dential waiver language to that sec- ons of mass destruction. foreign assistance is not going to stop tion. Otherwise the language could en- We have an enormous amount of se- this deal. The decision has been made danger the chances for our relationship curity at stake in maintaining our at the highest level, after the Russian with Russia to continue to grow and good relationship with Russia, as long side listened to the best arguments the could lessen the chances for democracy as they proceed and struggle toward United States side could made in oppo- to survive in Russia. democracy and market reform. If Rus- sition to the proposed sale. The Rus- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I will be sia becomes unstable, if Russia be- sian Government has invested too very brief. The Senator from Georgia comes paranoid, if Russia becomes na- much prestige, and expects too much has just raised issues of concern that tionalistic, we are going to have ter- monetary return, for this decision to many of the rest of us have. I hope this rible difficulties in the years ahead, be reversed because of cessation of is a matter, as we work through con- and even the months ahead, in dealing United States aid. ference, that can be handled. During

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 this whole bill, we have been helped by AMENDMENT NO. 2737 illegal drugs in modern American his- the cooperation on both sides, by the (Purpose: To increase amounts appropriated tory.’’—John Walters, president of the distinguished chairman, by Robin for international narcotics control and to New Citizenship Project and former Cleveland, Jim Bond and his staff, Tim decrease amounts available to the Agency acting director for supply reduction, Rieser on mine. I am sure that will for International Development) Office of National Drug Control Policy. continue that throughout the con- At the appropriate place in the bill, insert If that’s not a loud enough wakeup ference. the following: call, there’s more: SEC. . Notwithstanding any other provi- About 23 million Americans use AMENDMENTS NOS. 2734 THROUGH 2767, EN BLOC sion of this Act, $20,000,000 of the funds made Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I available under this Act for or through the drugs, of which at least 6 million use send a group of amendments, en bloc, Agency for International Development shall cocaine. If current trends continue, the to the desk and ask for their imme- be transferred to, and merged with, the ap- jump in marijuana use among children diate consideration. propriations account entitled ‘‘INTER- from 1992–94 signals that 820,000 more of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The NATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL’’ and shall be them will try cocaine; about 58,000 will available for the same purposes for which become regular users or addicts. clerk will report. funds in such account are available. The legislative clerk read as follows: Illegal drug use among the Nation’s Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I high school seniors has risen 44.6 per- The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- am here today to warn about the seri- NELL] proposes amendments numbered 2734 cent in the last 2 years according to through 2767, en bloc. ous illegal drug problem that poses a the Department of Health and Human major post cold war threat to our Na- Services. And there is a decline in the Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I tion’s peace and security. Frankly, I perceived risk which leads to an in- ask unanimous consent that reading of worry that these words will fall on the crease in actual drug use. According to the amendments be dispensed with. deaf ears of an America that seems un- Lloyd D. Johnson of the University of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without willing to face reality and commit the Michigan, there is an increase in drug objection, it is so ordered. resources to stop its own destruction. glorification messages aired on tele- The amendments are as follows: We are indeed at a crucial point. Rep- vision news and entertainment shows. AMENDMENT NO. 2734 resentative WILLIAM ZELIFF, wrote last There is a softening of informal and (Purpose: To make $3,000,000 available for the March: ‘‘There is growing consensus formal antidrug attitudes. World Food Program) that America’s domestic counterdrug Over 70 percent of the prison popu- On page 43, line 17, strike out ‘‘Provided,’’ strategy is failing. In 1993 and 1994, re- lation—which is at 1.4 million—tested and insert in lieu thereof ‘‘Provided, That not spected University of Michigan surveys positive for drugs after their arrest. less than $3,000,000 of the funds appropriated of 51,000 American students indicate Whether it is violent crime, child under this heading shall be made available that gains once made are slipping. We abuse, homelessness, or inner-city pov- for the World Food Program: Provided fur- are in the midst of a major reversal—in ther,’’. erty, drugs—and particularly crack— use and attitudes.’’ have made those pathologies far more Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I After a steep drop in monthly co- acute and in some places unmanage- thank the distinguished chairman of caine use between 1988 and 1991 from 2.9 able. Violent crime, largely induced by the Appropriations Subcommittee on to 1.3 million users, and a similar drop drug use, is increasing at an alarming Foreign Operations for accepting my in overall drug use between 1991 and rate. And, according to DEA Adminis- amendment making $3,000,000 available 1992 from 14.5 to 11.4 million users, trator Constantine: ‘‘For the first time for the World Food Program [WFP]. numbers released earlier this year re- in our history, America’s crime prob- As the largest WFP donor, the United vealed drug use up in 1994 for all sur- lem is being controlled by worldwide States expects more and more every veyed grades for crack, cocaine, heroin, drug syndicates who operate their net- year from WFP as the key provider of LSD, non-LSD hallucinogens, inhal- works from places like Cali, Colombia food aid in emergencies. In its inves- ants, and marijuana.—The Washington ***.’’ tigation of WFP effectiveness, the Gen- Times, ‘‘Renewing Drug War Strate- The number of police officers, law- eral Accounting Office determined that gies,’’ by William Zeliff March 9. yers, accountants, judges who have a larger cash component in United In 1994, according to this Michigan been tainted by drug money has never States food donations is needed to im- study, twice the number of eighth been quantified, but the erosion of pub- prove the efficiency of our food aid dis- graders were experimenting with mari- lic trust is apparent. tribution operations in such difficult juana as did in 1991, and daily use of Drug abuse is costing America about emergencies as those found in Rwanda, marijuana by seniors was up by half $100 billion annually, excluding billions Bosnia, Angola, and Sudan. just from 1993. Also, the nationally rec- in taxes on illegal profits from the drug While this earmark will not increase ognized Drug Abuse Warning Network trade, but the moral cost to the U.S. WFP funding from this account, it will has reported that drugrelated emer- social and political system is immeas- continue the current level of U.S. sup- gency visits in 1994 were up 8 percent urable. port and give us time to address over 1993—now standing at their high- These distressing facts are not sim- through other legislation the funda- est point ever. ply a reflection of society’s more per- mental problem of linking cash to food Meanwhile, the resurgence of heroin missive attitudes. This administration in order to improve the management of use in the U.S. borders on epidemic also changed counterdrug policies. Just food aid so desperately needed around proportions. Heroin related admissions days after inauguration, Clinton moved the world. to emergency rooms have increased 30 the White House office created to di- I deeply appreciate the acceptance of percent since 1990. DEA Administrator rect national antidrug—the Office of my amendment and thank the chair- Thomas Constantine recently noted National Drug Control Policy [ONDCP] man and his staff for their consider- that heroin is now available in more efforts to a backwater and slashed its ation of this important issue. cities at lower prices and higher puri- personnel by over 80 percent. Enforce- AMENDMENT NO. 2735 ties than ever before in our history. In ment has been deemphasized. Manda- On page 11, line 10 insert after ‘‘Zaire’’: ‘‘: November 1993, the Clinton administra- tory minimum sentences have been re- Provided further, That, Not less than tion announced that it would develop a duced. Prosecution statistics from the $2,000,000 shall be provided to the Inter- separate strategy to combat the heroin Administrative Office of U.S. Courts national Fertilizer Development Center’’. threat. However, a recommended strat- for 1992–94 reveal: a 14-percent drop in egy was only just presented in June of charges under all Federal drug laws AMENDMENT NO. 2736 this year, and still awaits the Presi- and a 30-percent drop in charges under At the appropriate place under the heading dent’s approval. narcotics offenses. on page 8, ‘‘Economic Assistance’’ add the One expert is very blunt: ‘‘If these The Clinton administration slashed following proviso: ‘‘Provided further, That not less than $800,000 of the funds made available trends continue, by 1996, the Clinton drug interdiction. Information pro- under this heading shall be made available administration will have presided over vided at a recent Senate Judiciary for support of the United States Tele- the greatest increase in drug use and hearing revealed a cut of 50 percent be- communications Training Institute;’’. the largest expansion in the supply of tween 1993 and 1994 alone in the ships

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14053 and aircraft devoted to the interdiction many foreign leaders appear unable to industries, according to the FBI and of drugs from South America. Amer- deal with the problem. The facts are other sources. ica’s low-key drug czar, Lee Brown, has daunting: Large, criminal drug traf- Based on the extent of coca leaf pro- warned of the need to restore assets to ficking empires, better armed than duction in South America, the Western the interdiction force structure. He re- many police forces, and with ties to Hemisphere’s annual cocaine produc- ported that all Federal agencies in- other organized international crime tion is about 1,100 metric tons. Drug volved in drug interdiction had reached branches around the globe are wreak- users in the United States consume an a consensus: ‘‘that to maintain ade- ing destruction around the world, par- estimated 300 tons; police and customs quate resources in theater, we must re- ticularly in this hemisphere. The CIA seize another 300 tons. That leaves a turn to the 1992–93 levels of effort.’’ But estimates that illicit narcotics is a $300 tremendous glut of cocaine on the shortly after that warning, the admin- billion a year industry. Yet, U.S. and world market, keeping street dealers istration released its fiscal year 1996 independent experts warn that cuts are on several continents flush, despite budget requesting a cut in interdiction harming Washington’s ability to inter- continuing victories like the arrest of funds to $1.27 billion—almost 35 per- rupt the new alliances being formed by major traffickers. cent below the fiscal year 1992 level. major criminal organizations involved Even drug treatment and especially in drug activities on different con- Proponents of efforts to stop the pro- prevention—often held up by this ad- tinents. duction of drug crops and substances at ministration as alternatives to rigid A senior U.S. intelligence official re- the source—in Latin America and enforcement, had their budgets cently stated that these organizations Asia—believe that reducing the foreign trimmed by $100 million and $130 mil- ‘‘are developing massive capital. I am supply of drugs is crucial to lowering lion, respectively. concerned that they are going to link the levels of drug use in the United According to recent testimony from together * * * to leverage Democratic States. They argue that, coupled with the GAO’s Joseph Kelly, Director in societies around the world * * * There intense law enforcement, such pro- Charge International Affairs Issues, is a tremendous dimension to this grams will succeed since it is easier to National Security and International problems that we have hardly begun to locate and destroy crops in the field Affairs Division, before the House of see.’’—the Christian Science Monitor, than to locate subsequently processed Representatives, Subcommittee on Na- ‘‘Spy Agency Adapts Cold-War Tactics drugs in America’s streets. Opponents tional Security, International Affairs, for Drug War,’’ by Jonathan Landay, generally believe that the reduction of and Criminal Justice, Committee on July 5, 1995. Political instability, rising the foreign supply is unrealistic, and Government Reform and Oversight, the corruption, and porous borders in the that the only ultimate solution is the executive branch had difficulty imple- United States, Europe, and Asia have reduction of demand. By now, any rea- menting a key part of the strategy— enabled criminal organizations to ex- sonable person has surely come to the shifting resources from the transit pand into lucrative opium growing conclusion that it will take both: We zone to the source countries. areas and new cocaine markets. must decrease demand, even as we re- Defense Department officials have The technological advancement of duce the flow of illegal drugs. also complained that the amount of re- the drug trade also has been underesti- Here’s just a sample of the reality I sources applied to the transit zone has mated. Colombia’s Cali cartel has ap- must deal with in trying to stem the been significantly reduced without a parently changed its transportation flow of drugs into the United States, as shift in resources to the source coun- mode from single- and twin-engine air- the Western Hemisphere Subcommittee tries. For example, the DEA is reduc- craft to larger commercial aircraft, chairman on the Foreign Relations ing its presence in Colombia, the U.S. such as 707’s and 727’s. There are no es- Committee: Southern Command is now flying fewer timates on how many large commer- Mexico: Fifty to 70 percent of the il- sorties each month in support of cial flights are used. But the traf- legal drugs that enter the United source-country interdiction than it did fickers are creating economies of scale States are smuggled through Mexico. in 1993, and counternarcotics assist- to bring in tons of cocaine. Jeffrey Between 60 to 80 percent of the foreign- ance to the three primary source coun- Smith notes: ‘‘The United States and grown marijuana available in the tries was less in 1995 than in 1991 or other developed countries are falling United States is of Mexican origin, and 1992. In short, Kelly admits that ‘‘shift- further behind in the war on drugs as Mexico supplies about 23 percent of the ing resources between and within agen- criminal organizations in Latin Amer- heroin. Mexico is also a key trans- cies has been problematic.’’ ica and Asia have increased production shipment point for cocaine entering Kelly mentions other severe prob- and become more sophisticated in dis- the United States, and has expanded its lems with America’s so-called war on tributing cocaine and heroin.’’ role over recent years as a clearing- drugs, including the need for better co- With profits as high as 75 percent, house for worldwide drug shipments ordination. No single organization heroin and cocaine producers can af- and money laundering. seems in charge of the drug war in ei- ford to spend tens of billions of dollars ther the cocaine source or the transit annually on sophisticated counterintel- The Office of National Drug Control countries. He mentioned better leader- ligence programs, telecommunications Policy has designated Mexico as the ship as required to develop a coherent equipment, as well as hiring some of second most important country in the plan, and to integrate all U.S. pro- the best marketing and legal talent international narcotics program, be- grams. that U.S. colleges and universities hind Colombia. The DEA attache in What we have now is virtually no produce. While the problem has often Mexico has recommended that Mexico strategy at all. The result is ‘‘U.S. been compared to efforts to undermine be reclassified as a source country so it Falling Far Short in the Drug War,’’ as America’s crime mob, that comparison can be considered for more resources written in the Washington Post by Jef- may be misleading. Today’s drug lead- under the administration’s frey Smith. Smith and others have ers are better armed, have much more counterdrug strategy. noted—and frankly, I am deeply con- funds at their disposal, and have access Faced with a growing threat from cerned—that American officials on to sophisticated technology to carry narcotics trafficker, President Zedillo both sides of the aisle are seriously un- out their trade. has singled out the drug trade as Mexi- derestimating the threat. I have paint- In the Western Hemisphere, drug co’s most pressing national security ed a bleak, yet accurate, account of the traffickers have invested in a nation- problem. But even that key admission tragedy of drug abuse, the violence, the wide chain of pharmacies; legal drug is not enough. In a disturbing develop- health costs, the destruction of lives. labs—even their own brand of aspirin ment, drug smugglers are buying pas- But I doubt that this Senate or our and vitamins; investments in soccer senger jets and flying in huge amounts antidrug officials have fully grasped teams; hotels; shopping centers; car of drugs into Mexico for transport to the magnitude, complexity, and sheer dealerships; apartments; poultry farms; the United States. According to the danger of the drug trade. ranches with thousands of heads of cat- State Department, drug-laden cargo Corruption is leading a path right to tle—and they are even believed to have jets ‘‘are one of the most difficult and the heart of the political system. And purchased some newly privatized State critical challenges * * * facing Mexico.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14054 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 International Narcotics Control Strat- strategy in the war against drugs, does not work and that the money can egy Report, March 1995. Zedillo has or- there was success against the drug car- do better service someplace else. dered the Mexican military to take a tels during the mid 1980’s to early Both views are wrong. greater role in the counterdrug fight, 1990’s. The energy and resources de- When we made the drug issue a con- including the use of air force fighter voted to the antidrug effort during the tinuing policy concern we saw success. jets to intercept cocaine-laden planes. Bush and Reagan administrations, And when we provided our efforts with Experts say that Mexican drug orga- combined with hardening public atti- adequate guidance and support, backed nizations have built a financial empire tudes produced declines in the drug up by the moral authority of the gov- using the tourist industry and stock problem. And while Federal spending ernment in support of the public, we market, while converting billions of on the drug war was substantial—ap- made significant progress on the drug dollars in drug profits into legitimate proaching $12 billion at the end of the problem. We saw the result in steady forms of capital. Mexico’s National Bush years—it never exceeded Federal declines in use, the most important ba- University estimates that Mexican spending for NASA. Clearly, neither rometer of how we are doing. drug lords spend as much as $500 mil- the space program nor the Federal We can also see the results of a re- lion a year on bribery. Some bankers antidrug effort ever presented a serious treat from our earlier commitment. In suspect that last December’s financial burden in terms of the Federal budget. the last 2 years we have seen mari- crisis was partly the result of a mas- Meanwhile, modest progress against juana use among 12–17-year-olds soar, sive transfer of drug money. drug trafficking was also being made in up 50 percent. At this rate, within the Colombia: We vigorously congratu- my area of the globe; eradication and next year or so we will have wiped out late recent success in Colombia appre- drug seizures were up. These successes the gains made in reducing use over hending Cali cartel kingpins, Gilberto were achieved despite the criminals’ the last 13 years. It is from this new, Rodriguez Orejuela and Jose Santacruz resolve. emerging user population that tomor- Londono, among others. The Cali car- Then, as now, we recognize the val- row’s addicts will come. The situation tel has accounted for at least 80 per- iant efforts made by law enforcement reminds me of what happended to us in cent of the cocaine shipped into the personnel in Mexico, Colombia, and the 1970’s. We let indifference get the United States. We are elated and anx- throughout Latin America who have better of us. We had to suffer a major iously await more traffickers being lost their lives to stopping the flow of drug epidemic to learn our lesson. We brought to justice. But we are wise illegal drugs into this country. In the cannot afford to let that lesson go to enough to recognize that the problems past decade, Colombia has lost 23 waste. down there are far from over. We need judges, 63 journalists, 4 presidential It is a national tragedy if we let drug to determine that those captured will candidates, and more than 3,000 police use escape us again. With serious effort be prosecuted, fully. These kingpins officers and journalists. And we agree we reversed the worst years of drug must receive punishment commensu- with many of the leaders of the region abuse. What clearer indication can rate with their crimes. Short sen- that America simply must do more to there be of the effects of meaningful ef- tences, in which they’re able to hold on curb its appetite for illegal drugs. They fort and indifferent effort than in these to their ill-gotten gains would be coun- must not see us as hypocritical— contrasting pictures. terproductive. Hopefully, Colombia’s watching their every move, while re- More important, I would remind my institutions will deliver and operations ducing our own financial commitment colleagues that it has been Congress against the Cali cartel will continue. to the problem. that has lead the effort in representing But last year Columbia achieved only But, even more, I fear that political the public’s interest on the drug ques- minimum success in the tactical are- leadership and world class American tion. In 1986 and 1988, we moved to in- nas of drug interdiction, illicit crop will to fight the drug scourge is erod- crease both the funding for our drug ef- eradication, and precursor chemical ing throughout the Western Hemi- forts and to put pressure on the admin- seizures. Colombia is now producing so sphere. But now here in America we istration to take forceful action. We much cocaine that U.S. officials can seem asleep in the face of a problem saw results. Just this year, the Senate barely keep track of it, and it may well that is devastating our future and Foreign Relations Committee, and have surpassed Bolivia as the world’s threatening our national security. If Senators HELMS and COVERDELL, took second largest coca grower. Peru re- we are willing to commit the resources the lead in putting pressure on Colom- mains the largest coca grower, ac- and implement a coherent program, bia to do something about arresting counting for nearly two-thirds of the even as we attack the drug consump- drug kingpins, something everyone world’s coca production, most of which tion problem, we will experience re- told us could not and would not hap- is processed in Colombia. Colombia is newed success. The alternative—reduc- pen. Well, it happened in jig time. Con- also believed to have the dubious dis- ing badly needed counterdrug resources sistency and meaning what you say are tinction of surpassing Mexico as the at this crucial time—would further still solid currency, here and abroad. It hemisphere’s leading poppy producer. threaten our national security, would is that kind of fortitude and stick- Early this year, Columbia’s justice risk democracy and stability through- with-it-ness that we still need. minister released a report concluding out the hemisphere, and would place that judges and prosecutors were over- our young people’s very lives at risk. We still have a substantial responsi- ly generous in the use of plea bargains. Mr. GRASSLEY. I support the bility to represent the American public Even Columbia’s chief prosecutor de- amendment to restore funding to the on the drug issue. And we still have the scribed the situation as virtual impu- international narcotics program. I am need to be the leaders in insisting on nity. We applaud Columbia for coming aware that the bill already contains a adequate funding for well-executed pro- clean on a failed program, but the re- considerable increase for the program grams. This does not mean we have to ality is: Colombian officials themselves but it still remains well below what is measure our drug efforts by impossible are embarrassed by the lenient sen- essential to sustain a viable inter- standards of success. We need to be re- tences. national narcotics effort. alistic and we need to be consistent. Ernesto Samper’s Presidency re- In the last several years, funding for Given recent gains in putting drug mains tainted with allegations that his our international narcotics program kingpins behind bars in Colombia we 1994 campaign received up to millions has been in a free fall. In addition, the also need to build on our efforts to go of dollars in contributions from traf- administration has failed to articulate after the second and third tier of cartel fickers. The corruption of Colombia’s a coherent strategy or consistently de- leaders. This means continued support Congress continues to be a problem, fend the programs that it has put for- for our international programs. with one former U.S. officials warning ward. This has left the impression that I would also remind my colleagues, that as much as 50 to 75 percent of the it does not care about the drug pro- that the money we spend on this for- Colombian Congress is influenced by gram, does not see fit to push its own eign assistance program goes directly the drug cartels. ideas. to support efforts aimed at individuals Notwithstanding present doubts Some in Congress seem to have con- and groups that target Americans, about the effectiveness of America’s cluded from this that the drug program whose actions daily kill and wound

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14055 more people than all the terrorists House Committees on Appropriations, AUC is a cost-effective instrument combined. Drug dealers, here and Armed Services—or National Secu- for building cultural and intellectual abroad, are real enemies whose actions rity—and Foreign relations; require bridges. Reflecting on its American have direct and immediate con- the President to submit an annual re- heritage, AUC attracts Egyptians from sequences on the quality of life in our port to said committees detailing the all sectarian communities. Egyptian homes and on our streets. Money spent value of the shipment; require said youths compete for an opportunity to on this international program pays country to pay for all crating, packing, acquire the American-style education real benefits here. We can see the re- handling, and transportation costs. which AUC offers and, in the process, sult when we are willing to act and we Estonia has joined the United Na- learn something intangible about can see the consequences when we fail. tions, the Organization for Security American culture and values. Several I support the amendment to increase and Cooperation in Europe and the years ago the State Department con- the international narcotics program by Partnership for Peace. Its government cluded that, ‘‘AUC enhances United a further $20 million, which still brings has developed a robust democracy States long-term national interest in the total international effort in at over while fully embracing the principles of Egypt and the Middle East and does it $40 million below the administration’s a market economy. For our part, any at a very reasonable cost.’’ I and my request. This funding will help us do help the United States can provide cosponsors have supported the work of the job we must continue to do. will, I believe, be invaluable to our AUC for many years, and note that the strategic and moral interests. This Egyptology department at AUC played AMENDMENT NO. 2738 amendment does just that. (Purpose: To provide for the transfer of a pivotal role concerning the recent AMENDMENT NO. 2739 excess defense articles to Estonia) find in the Valley of the Kings. On page 18, line 24, after ‘‘assistance:’’ in- At the end of section 546 of the bill, insert sert the following: ‘‘Provided further, That Mr. President, this amendment, the following: not less than the Egyptian pound equivalent which represents the third congression- (c) The President may transfer to Estonia of $85,000,000 generated from funds made ally directed contribution to the en- such excess defense articles as the President available by this paragraph, or from any dowment of AUC, is a ‘‘no-cost’’ way of determines necessary to help modernize the other source including from funds made fostering U.S. values in a region of the defense capabilities of Estonia, subject to available for Egypt for fiscal year 1997, shall world that is vital to our national in- the requirements of subsections (b) through be made available to the United States pur- (f) of section 519 of the Foreign Assistance suant to the United States-Egypt Economic, terest. Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321m). Technical and Related Assistance Agree- The second program for which local Mr. GORTON. Five years ago I was ments of 1978, for the following endowments currencies are designated is an endow- invited to be the first United States established under such agreements: the ment for the preservation of Egyptian Egyptian pound equivalent of $50,000,000 antiquities. Again, prior legislation, Senator to address the newly elected shall be made available to replenish the ex- written by Senator INOUYE and I, had Estonian Parliament as it liberated isting endowment for the American Univer- itself from 50 years of illegal Soviet oc- sity in Cairo, and the Egyptian pound equiv- directed the establishment of an en- cupation. I was denied entry into Esto- alent of $35,000,000 shall be made available to dowment with Egyptian local cur- nia by the Soviet regime, but have replenish the existing endowment for rencies. The amendment makes the since taken a distinct and parochial in- projects and programs which promote the equivalent of $35 million available for terest in Estonia’s well-being. preservation and restoration of Egyptian an- this purpose. Recently I met with Lt. Gen. tiquities:’’ Egypt’s cultural heritage is one of Aleksander Einseln, commander of the Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, the the richest and most important in the Estonian Armed Forces. In our meet- amendment I am offering would des- world’s history. Yet, it is seriously en- ing, he outlined the significant mate- ignate 85 million dollars’ worth of dangered by pollution, decay, and the rial problems that his nascent military Egyptian local currencies to be used simple passage of time. An endowment faces. With the almost complete with- for two programs in Egypt that have was established in the Foreign Aid Ap- drawal of Russian military forces, Es- enjoyed considerable support from this propriations Act for fiscal 1993 to ad- tonia must now look to its own de- body in the past. This amendment does dress this problem and for reasons fense. Estonia is struggling to heal its not affect the dollar appropriation for similar to those affecting AUC, the en- wounds of 50 years of Soviet domina- Egypt nor does it add any new money dowment now needs replenishment. tion. Its resources are very limited; its to the bill. First, the amendment requires that Mr. President, both of these pro- army small—merely 4,000 soldiers I am the existing endowment for the Amer- grams are worthy ones. In the past, the told. ican University in Cairo be replenished Congress has used this innovative way This amendment gives the President by the equivalent of $50 million in of providing them with support with- authority to transfer to Estonia such Egyptian pounds. out costing the taxpayer anything. I excess defense articles as the President The Congress has twice before di- would hope that this practice can con- determines necessary to help mod- rected that local currencies generated tinue with the adoption of my amend- ernize its defense capabilities. The from our aid programs be used to sup- ment. transfer is subject to the provisions of port AUC. However, as the pound has AMENDMENT NO. 2740 section 519 subsections (b) through (f) devalued against the dollar, the value of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. In lieu of the matter proposed to be strick- of the existing endowment for AUC has en insert the following: In short, those provisions authorize the continued to shrink, thus making an President to transfer excess, nonlethal additional contribution necessary. In NORTH AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK defense articles to a country if a for- addition, lower interest rates, while ob- For payment to the North American Devel- eign military financing program has viously good for the general economy opment Bank by the Secretary of the Treas- been justified for the fiscal year in in Egypt, have resulted in significant ury, for the United States share of the paid- which the transfer is to be made; allow income decline from these funds. in portion of the capital stock, $25,000,000, to the United States to help said country Mr. President, AUC is an institution remain available until expended; Provided, modernize its defense capabilities; that for the payment to the Enterprise for of outstanding importance, not only in the Americas Multilateral Investment Fund allow the transfer of the excess defense providing an American-type university by the Secretary of the Treasury, for the articles only if the equipment is drawn education in Egypt and elsewhere in United States contribution to the fund to be from existing DOD stocks, no DOD pro- the Middle East, but also as a key ele- administered by the Inter-American Devel- curement funds are used in connection ment in the close relationships that opment Bank, $45,000,000 is provided to re- with the transfer, the President deter- have developed between the American main available until expended. mines the transfer will not have an ad- and Egyptian peoples. Our colleague, LIMITATION ON CALLABLE CAPITAL verse effect on the military readiness the distinguished chairman of the Ap- SUBSCRIPTIONS of the United States, the President de- propriations Committee, was instru- The United States Governor of the North termines transferring said articles is mental in securing the original allot- American Development Bank may subscribe preferable to selling them; require the ment of Egyptian pounds for this im- without fiscal year limitation to the callable President to notify the Senate and portant institution. capital portion of the United States share of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14056 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 the capital stock of the North American De- In sum, therefore, this amendment DOMENICI of New Mexico, Senator velopment Bank in an amount not exceed, makes good economic as well as good HUTCHISON of Texas, and Senator KYL $318,750,000. environmental sense, and I urge its of Arizona, in supporting the amend- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise adoption. ment to restore funding to the North to offer an amendment to raise the fis- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I American Development Bank, better cal year 1996 appropriation for the rise tonight in support of the North known as the NADBank. As a cospon- North-American Development Bank to American Development Bank, which sor of this amendment, I want to tell $25 million. I believe that this amend- was created to assist border States and you how important NADBank funding ment makes good environmental sense local communities in coordinating, de- is to improving environmental condi- as well as good economic sense. signing, and facilitating border infra- tions along the United States-Mexico Mr. President, some of today’s most structure projects. It is a unique bina- boarder. This is important not only to pressing environmental problems are tional financial institution which acts my State of New Mexico, but to all the along the United States-Mexico border. as a catalyst for private and public border States and to our Nation. Rapid population growth along both capital investment for projects cer- sides of the border have created situa- tified by its sister organization, the The North American Development tions where large numbers of people Border Environment Cooperation Com- Bank was created in 1993 as a supple- are living in areas that have inad- mission [BECC]. ment to the North American Free equate drinking water, wastewater, or Established through a joint agree- Trade Agreement [NAFTA]. Its purpose municipal solid waste facilities. ment between the United States and is to provide loans and loan guarantees To address this situation, the United Mexico, the NADBank also establishes to projects certified by the Border En- States and Mexico entered into a joint the United States and Mexico as equal vironmental Cooperation Commission agreement to establish the North partners, under which both the United [BECC], also created as part of the American Development Bank [NAD- States and Mexico contribute equally NAFTA, for high priority border envi- Bank]. to the Bank’s resources. Importantly, ronmental and health projects. Due to NAD-Bank will provide the capital each government’s capital subscription its lack of wealth, the border region for these much-needed border projects, is not an operational expenditure. It cannot be self-financing in its endeavor choosing those projects from lists de- represents an investment in a sound fi- to develop and implement these types veloped by the multilateral Border En- nancial institution which will appre- of infrastructure projects. These vironment Cooperation Commission ciate with the Bank’s earnings and projects are absolutely critical to the [BECC]. may eventually be returned to its in- border area in managing its consider- NAD-Bank will not provide grants or vestors—United States and Mexican able problems with air and water pollu- equity funding for environmental infra- citizens. tion, wastewater treatment, municipal structure projects, but instead will act The NADBank’s role is a crucial one; solid waste, and hazardous waste. it acts as the lead bank, like an invest- a real world investment bank, pro- The NADBank is patterned after ment bank, financing border environ- viding financing to both public and pri- other multilateral development banks, mental infrastructure projects as a vate entities to build the environ- such as the World Bank and the Inter- complement to other public and pri- mental projects recommended by the American Development Bank. The vate sector financial sources. It also BECC. United States and Mexico each are to has an important private sector ori- NAD-Bank ensures that the best contribute $225 million over a 4-year projects are constructed through the entation. Unlike other multilateral de- velopment banks which lend primarily period in initial paid-in capital. The following criteria: NADBank will then use this capital, All projects financed by the NAD- to public entities, the NADBank may provide financing to any entity—public along with funds raised in the financial Bank must address the environment or private. markets and other resources to fund along the 100 km region on both sides What will NADBank capital be used environmental and health projects of the United States-Mexico border. for? Well, 90 percent will go to border along the border and to supplement NAD-Bank projects must be able to infrastructure projects. Ten percent privately funded projects. These funds demonstrate repayment of their loans will be used to fund separate domestic will be combined with existing State and guarantees. NAD-Bank will closely programs in the United States and and local funding, Federal grants and review factors that may affect capital Mexico beyond the Mexican border. State revolving loans, and World Bank outlays, construction, operations and Clearly, the role of the NADBank is an and Inter-American Development Bank maintenance, and project revenues— important one not just to border loans to Mexico to provide for the sub- user fees, state/local backing, guaran- States but to any community. stantial investment that is needed to tees. Mr. President, pollution does not re- provide the basic level of protection to All beneficiaries must share some quire a visa. Border pollution impacts human health and the environment. project costs and/or responsibilities. both Mexico and the United States, and Rapid population growth and indus- Projects must use designs and tech- growing public health concerns and a nologies which result in a least cost so- trialization in the border cities has lack of adequate clean water prevent overwhelmed existing wastewater, lution for long term facilities’ oper- economic growth extending out and be- ations and maintenance. water supply, and solid waste infra- yond the border regions. Growing structure. Untreated domestic and in- In addition to the fact that NAD- health concerns due to the inadequacy Bank’s projects will promote a dustrial sewage currently flows north of municipal infrastructure are a po- to the United States and into the Rio healthier environment, NAD-Bank’s tential time bomb. If the health risks activities will benefit the United Grande River. Thousands of residents associated with lack of adequate infra- lack safe drinking water and adequate States economy as a whole. structure are not addressed, the border Specifically, properly planned and solid waste disposal facilities. Air qual- will face even more severe health prob- ity is severely deteriorated by emis- developed border infrastructure will lems over the next decade. The help United States-Mexico trade to sions of industrial pollutants, and dan- NADBank, in its efforts to address gerous levels of carbon monoxide and flow freely. growing infrastructure needs, will ben- Finally, NAD-Bank was created by ozone-forming hydrocarbons from efit the entire border region’s health urban traffic. the United States and Mexican govern- standards. The proper use of the Bank’s ments as an equal partnership to ad- capital will be guarded carefully, Let me be clear that while this fund- dress these environmental problems. therefore, as if it were a trust for our ing is for binational projects, U.S. citi- Mexico has already put up its share of children. zens will realize substantial benefit the money of NAD-Bank. Properly planned and developed bor- from potential border infrastructure We have an obligation to show that der infrastructure will help United improvements. About 6 million people we are as committed to addressing States-Mexico trade to flow freely. live in metropolitan areas along the these problems as is our southern Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise United States-Mexico border. This pop- neighbor. today to join my colleagues, Senator ulation is critically impacted by water

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14057 pollution coming across the border In January 1995, the Governing Coun- support for the U.N. mission for the from Mexico in areas such as the Ti- cil of IFAD agreed that the target for verification of human rights and of compli- juana River and New River in Cali- the Fourth Replenishment should be ance with the commitments of the com- fornia, the Santa Cruz River in Ari- $600 million, and urged both developing prehensive agreement of human rights in Guatemala (Minugua) and his recent deci- zona, and the Rio Grande in Texas and and developed countries to join in a sion to abolish the military commissioners, my home State of New Mexico. By in- partnership to achieve this target. To but his efforts to bring human rights viola- vesting in pollution control in these date, the United States is the only tors to justice have been impeded by certain areas, there is a direct and important country that has not announced its members of the Guatemalan Armed Forces; benefit to U.S. citizens in terms of pledge. (3) Despite numerous appeals by the fami- health protection, crop protection, and As you know, the U.S. commitment lies of victims of human rights abuses, improved recreational benefits and in- to the Fourth Replenishment is ex- human rights organizations and Members of the United States Congress, there has been creased property values. pected to be $92 million over a 3-year period. While the transfer authority of minimal progress towards resolving specific There are economic benefits that will human rights cases including cases involving accrue to us as well in maintaining our $15 million is a positive step for IFAD, American citizens or their relatives; commitment to the border area. U.S. it does not fulfill the first $30 million (4) President De Leon Caprio deserves the jobs will be generated in the equipment annual payment by the United States support of the United States in his efforts to manufacturing and professional serv- toward its expected 3-year pledge. resolve Guatemala’s conflict peacefully, to ices sectors, which are found in almost The transfer authority for $30 million support democratic elections, and to im- prove respect for human rights. all 50 States. The United States has a would allow the United States to con- tinue its leadership in IFAD and allow (b) LIMITATIONS.—Notwithstanding any strong competitive advantage for pro- other provisions of law— viding equipment, instrumentation, us to continue our successful work to (1) No assistance in this Act or any other and professional services for the con- increase the productivity and incomes Act shall be made available to the Guate- struction of Mexico wastewater facili- of the rural poor. A transfer of $30 mil- malan Armed Forces or the URNG; ties along the border. With a potential lion to IFAD will also make it possible (2) No sales of defense articles or services for the United States to pledge its com- shall be licensed or approved for Guatemala need of almost $8 billion in border for the Armed Forces or URNG; and water related facilities over the next mitment of $92 million to the Fourth Replenishment, bringing the 3-year ne- (3) No visas shall be granted for any mem- decade, up to $2 billion of business ber of the Guatemalan Armed Forces or the gotiations on this replenishment to a could be generated in U.S. products and URNG suspected of participating in or order- successful conclusion. Once the Fourth services. ing any violation of human rights or of seek- Replenishment is concluded, a new gov- In closing, I would urge my col- ing to coverup or otherwise thwart the inves- ernance structure will go into effect. leagues to support this amendment, to tigation of such acts. New voting procedures will reflect the (c) CERTIFICATION.—The limitations con- ensure the future protection and pres- level of contributions made, and will tained in subsection (b) shall cease to apply ervation of the environment along the ensure that the voice of larger contrib- when the President certifies to the Com- United States-Mexico boarder. It is utors will be heard more clearly. mittee on Appropriations and the Committee good, not only for the health of our on Foreign Relations that— The transfer authority will not harm (1) The Guatemalan Armed Forces and the border communities, but also for the the programs and accounts from which environment along the United States- URNG are fully cooperating with efforts— the funds are transferred. With a U.S. (A) By the family of U.S. citizens Michael Mexico border, and for the economy of contribution of $92 million, the $600 Devine who was murdered in 1990 to bring to the entire United States. million level of the Fourth Replenish- justice those responsible for the murder or AMENDMENT NO. 2741 ment will be achieved and with another coverup of the murder; On page 43, under the heading, ‘‘Inter- $600-plus million from loan repayments (B) The October 1994 murders of Roderico Baudilio De Leon and Flavio Matias national Organizations and Programs,’’ add and investments, a total of $1.2 billion the following provisio; ‘‘Provided further, Marroquin; will be available to IFAD to fight pov- (C) By Jennifer Harbury to exhume the That not less than $1,500,000 of the funds ap- erty and hunger around the world. propriated under this heading shall be made body of her husband, Efrain Bamaca available for the United Nations Fund for About 40 percent of the resources avail- Velasquez; and (D) By human rights organizations and the Victims of Torture;’’. able in our Fourth Replenishment will go to Africa. Hence the transfer au- Guatemalan attorney general to investigate and bring to justice those involved in the AMENDMENT NO. 2742 thority will make it possible for IFAD prominent human rights cases committed by (Purpose: To increase transfer authority for to commit $160 million per year for Af- both sides to the conflict, including those IFAD) rica, increasing over fivefold the total cases enumerated in the April 7, 1995 letter On page 11, line 3, strike ‘‘$15,000,000’’ and development resources for that region. to President Clinton by twelve Members of insert in lieu thereof ‘‘$30,000,000’’. IFAD is an effective and efficient orga- the United States Senate. Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I send to nization that through strict loan re- (2) The Guatemalan Government and Armed Forces are complying with the rec- the desk an amendment and ask for its payment and investment policies and contributions from other member ommendations in Minugua’s first and second immediate consideration. The amend- reports, particularly those related to the in- ment I am offering simply increases countries leverages about $13 for every vestigation and prosecution of human rights the transfer authority that the admin- $1 that the U.S. commits. Without the cases. istration may utilize to fund the U.S. U.S. pledge there will not be a success- (3) The U.S. Representative to the United contribution to IFAD. Specifically the ful conclusion of the Fourth Replenish- Nations Human Rights Commission has con- amendment increases that authority ment, and will not be able to provide sulted with Representatives of other Member this level of resources to the region. States to determine whether respect for by $15 million. Let me assure my col- human rights would be enhanced by the ap- leagues that this transfer authority I urge my colleagues to support this amendment. pointment of a special United Nations will not require any offsetting cuts to rapporteur for Guatemala. be made as the overall funding of the AMENDMENT NO. 2743 Mr. DODD. Mr. President, this foreign operations budget is not in- At the appropriate place in the bill add the amendment is very straight forward. It following new section: creased. says that until we see some tangible The International Fund for Agricul- SEC. . GUATEMALA. (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- progress in the human rights perform- tural Development [IFAD] is the only lowing findings: ance of the Guatemalan military, in- international financial institution with (1) The Government of Guatemala, under cluding cooperation with efforts to in- the specific mandate to address rural President De Leon Caprio, has made signifi- vestigate and bring to justice those re- poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. To cant progress towards negotiating an end to sponsible for the murder and cover up this end, IFAD promotes participatory, Guatemala’s civil conflict which has resulted of United States citizen Michael cost-effective approaches to help poor in numerous human rights violations, DeVine, no assistance of any kind will groups such as smallholder farmers, claimed tens of thousands of lives and im- peded economic development in that coun- be forthcoming for that institution. rural women, and the landless to in- try. The prohibitions on military assist- crease their output and incomes in sus- (2) President De Leon Caprio has taken ance, sales of defense articles and serv- tainable ways. steps to improve human rights, including his ice, and the denial of visas to members

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 of the armed forces suspected of wrong and security forces to take demon- and I fully anticipate that it will con- doing are to remain in effect until the strable steps to end nearly 40 years of duct counternarcotics efforts con- President certifies to the Congress that impunity. Mr. President, I believe that sistent with our overall international the Guatemalan Armed Forces are co- this amendment has been carefully tar- policy and in consultation with the operating with efforts to investigate a geted to lend support to the President Congress. number of high profile human rights of Guatemala in his efforts to reorga- I think, therefore, that this is a com- cases, including the murders of Mi- nize the military and security forces monsense amendment that allows us to chael DeVine, Myrna Mack, and Efrain and to institute civilian control over do what we need to do to fight the drug Bamaca Velasquez, the husband of such forces in the context of a final problem at its source while recognizing United States citizen Jennifer peace agreement. I would urge my col- the limitations of our involvement and Harbury. leagues to support this amendment. maintaining a strong focus on human I would ask unanimous consent that AMENDMENT NO. 2744 rights. an April 7, 1995, letter on this subject (Purpose: To permit the continued provision to President Clinton be printed in the I would urge support of the Senator of assistance to Burma only if certain con- from Arizona’s amendment, and I yield RECORD following the conclusion of my ditions are satisfied) the floor. statement. Appended to that letter is a On page 104, strike lines 7 through 10 and list of the human rights cases that we insert the following: Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, this believe are particularly worthy of spe- SEC. 570. None of the funds made available amendment would modify the provision cial consideration by the U.S. Govern- in this Act may be used for international in the underlying bill that prohibits ment. narcotics control assistance under chapter 8 funding for international narcotics Mr. President, Guatemala is at an of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of control assistance in Burma. The important turning point in its rather 1961, or crop substitution assistance, directly amendment would modify that prohibi- for the Government of Burma unless the Sec- tragic history. A civil war has been retary of State certifies to the appropriate tion by permitting such assistance waging there for 35 years. More than congressional committees that any such pro- only if the Secretary of State certifies 140,000 Guatemalans have lost their grams are fully consistent with United to Congress that such programs are lives as a result of that conflict. The States human rights concerns in Burma and fully consistent with United States bulk of those killings occurred in the serve a vital United States national interest. human rights concerns in Burma, and 1980’s when the Guatemalan Armed The President shall include in the annual that they serve a vital United States Forces mounted massive International Narcotics Control Strategy national interest. counterinsurgency operations, particu- Report submitted under chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 a descrip- That vital national interest is obvi- larly against rural populations. ous, Mr. President. Sixty percent of the But killings have not been limited to tion of the programs funded under this sec- tion. heroin that comes to this country the seventies and eighties. Political vi- Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I rise in originates in Burma—60 percent. We olence in this decade has been more have a compelling, urgent responsi- targeted, most notably against teach- support of my colleague from Arizona’s bility to do whatever we can to elimi- ers, human rights workers, and politi- amendment to restore authority for nate or at least reduce Burma’s export cians. In 1994, the Guatemalan Catholic the State Department to use funds for of that dangerous narcotic. Without a Church reported that there were some counter narcotics efforts and crop sub- strategy that addresses the heroin 356 political killings and another 40 stitution programs in Burma as long as trade in Burma, we have no effective cases of forced disappearances. Almost the President certifies that any such antinarcotic program at all. none of these cases have been resolved. program is fully consistent with Thanks in large measure to the ef- human rights concerns and serves vital I can well understand the Senate’s forts of the U.N.-facilitated peace nego- United States interests. desire to influence the Burmese re- tiations, the parties to the conflict Human rights is an issue of extreme gime’s treatment of the Burmese peo- have been making progress in reaching importance and deep concern to every ple. That treatment has been abomi- a diplomatic solution to their dif- Senator in this Chamber, and must re- nable and well deserves our severe re- ferences. Agreement has already been main a significant element in our deal- proach. I visited Burma last March and finalized in a number of areas of mu- ings around the world, and no Senator was exposed to a pretty representative tual concern. is more committed to the issue than sampling of how abominable that On March 29, 1994, the parties signed Senator MCCAIN. treatment has been and continues to a global accord on human rights that His amendment is a commonsense be. sets forth basic human rights prin- amendment that gives the United Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s release was ciples. This agreement also resulted in States the necessary flexibility to act a very welcome development. But in the deployment of a U.N. human rights in its interest in a nation which pro- and of itself it does not represent evi- verification mission to Guatemala vides 60 percent of the heroin smuggled dence of political reform or even an in- early in 1995 in order to monitor com- into this country. To prohibit counter dication of progress toward an objec- pliance with that agreement. In the narcotics efforts would be ill-advised tive standard of human rights in most recent report of the U.N. and counterproductive. Burma. Burma has a very long way to Whatever our deep and abiding con- verification mission, it found that ‘‘im- go. punity remains the most serious obsta- cern for human rights, it is important I know the authors of this provision cle to the enjoyment of human rights to note, Mr. President, that Burma’s feel very strongly, as do I, that the in Guatemala, despite the manifest most noted victim of human rights vio- United States must actively support concern and commitment of the Presi- lations, Aung San Suu Kyi, supports the cause of human freedom in Burma, dent of the republic to combat it’’. drug control efforts in her country, and The Guatemalan military and secu- that, Mr. President, is the best argu- and make it unmistakably clear to rity forces, like every other sector of ment for support of the McCain amend- Burma’s State Law and Order Restora- Guatemalan society, must demonstrate ment. tion Council, the SLORC, that the that they are not above the law, that We have three important objectives United States, indeed, all of the civ- their members will be held accountable in Burma—democracy, counter- ilized world expect them to begin re- for illegal acts. The first step in mak- narcotics, and human rights. All three specting the will and the rights of the ing this a reality is a demonstration demand our attention and our support; Burmese people. such forces that they are prepared to but common sense would tell us that But what I have difficulty under- cooperate in bring to justice those we cannot diminish potential success standing is why we must refrain from within their ranks responsible for some in any of these areas because of specific acting in our own national interest of the most notorious human rights failures in another as long as we are while we attempt to act in the interest abuses—most notably the murder of sensitive to the impact of our actions of the Burmese people. I could under- U.S. citizen Michael DeVine. on overall diplomatic progress. stand the objective of this provision if The pending amendment is intended Mr. President, the State Department it stated that no funds for drug control to prod those in control of the military is well aware of congressional concerns could be made available directly to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14059 SLORC. I would not support this assist- ance would support are fully consistent we should not overlook the other fac- ance either if the State Department with our human rights concerns in tors at work here. I want to draw par- were proposing to simply provide Burma. ticular attention to the efforts under- money to the SLORC with the promise Mr. President, I believe—as we have taken by the Governments of Peru and that the SLORC would use it to eradi- in many other countries—the United Colombia to shut down illicit narcotics cate poppy fields. It is quite probable States can advance or values and pro- flights between their countries. that such funds would be used by the tect our national interests in Burma si- This air interdiction program was SLORC to further oppress ethnic mi- multaneously. They are not mutually made possible by an amendment adopt- norities in Burma, like the Wa. exclusive, and should not be treated so. ed last year by Senate during consider- But, Mr. President, that is not what I commend the Senator of Kentucky ation of the Defense authorization bill. the administration proposed to do with and also the Senator from Vermont for That amendment removed a legal im- this assistance. First, it is a relatively their abiding concern for the rights of pediment to sharing United States in- small amount of money that we are the people of Burma. I understand the telligence information with Peru and talking about, with most of it going to motive—the very decent motive—for Colombia. the efforts of the U.N. Drug Control authoring the provision I seek to Since our intelligence sharing began Program [UNDCP] in Burma; $2 million amend. My only concern is over this earlier this year, the Peruvian and Co- would be provided to the U.N. to work particular approach to achieving a very lombian Air Forces have seized air- craft, destroyed them on the ground, with ethnic minorities on crop substi- worthy objective. So let us find a way forced them down and, as a last resort tution and other programs intended to to advance the cause of freedom in after complying with strict begin making some, although admit- Burma and reduce the flow of heroin to verification procedures, shot them tedly small, progress in reducing poppy the streets of America. down. cultivation. None of that assistance AMENDMENT NO. 2745 The resulting disruption in the flow would be funneled through the SLORC. (Purpose: To express the Sense of the Senate of cocaine and cocaine base out of Peru A limited—a very limited amount of concerning the provision of spare parts and has been impressive. The number of il- assistance, $50 thousand, I believe— other military equipment to Peru) licit flights detected in May, June, and would be provided to train Burmese At the appropriate place add the following July was the lowest level in 31⁄2 years. customs officials. But I fail to see the new section: The price of transporting narcotics SEC. . (a) The Senate finds the following: harm in that, given that the amount is out of Peru has risen by as much as 500 so small, and the need for better Bur- (1) Since March 1995 the Peruvian govern- ment has engaged in an aggressive air inter- percent. In many cases the traffickers mese control of drug smuggling at the diction program to prevent narcotics traf- cannot hire pilots at any price. borders so obvious. fickers from violating Peruvian airspace for Constricting the flow of drugs Mr. President, $2 million isn’t going the purpose of transporting illegal narcotics through this critical choke point has to solve America’s heroin problem. But to Colombia. led to an oversupply of coca leaf and I do not see how we begin to get any (2) As a result of the Peruvian interdiction cocaine base in Peru, the source coun- control over that problem absent some program, the number of illicit flights de- try for 80 percent of the cocaine that kind of program in Burma. tected in recent months has dropped to its reaches our streets. Opium production in Burma has sky- lowest level in over three years and the price This glut has caused the price of coca rocketed in recent years. It is, by far, of transporting narcotics out of Peru has leaf and cocaine base to plummet. In risen by as much as 500 percent. the largest heroin producing country in (3) The inability of the traffickers to move parts of Peru the price is down 50 per- the world. Again, 60 percent of heroin cocaine base out of Peru has produced a glut cent and there are scattered reports of in the United States originates in of coca leaf and cocaine base in Peru with a farmers abandoning coca fields because Burma. resulting 50 percent decline in the price. it is not worth their effort to harvest The enormous increase in heroin pro- (4) The Peruvian government’s ability to the crop. duction globally has substantially re- sustain the success of its interdiction pro- Unfortunately the air interdiction ef- duced the street price of heroin while gram is dependent on the maintenance and fort that is producing these note- upkeep of a very limited number of aircraft. simultaneously increasing the purity, worthy results faces a serious problem. (5) As a result of the internal Peruvian po- The Peruvians cannot obtain spare and consequently, the lethality of the litical situation and the conflict earlier this drug. Overdoses—fatal overdoses—have year between Peru and Ecuador, the United parts from the United States for the A– increased rapidly in the United States. States suspended military transfers to Peru. 37 aircraft that they use to intercept Sadly, as long as there is demand for (6) As much as 80 percent of the cocaine the traffickers planes. heroin, we will never be able to keep it that reaches the United States comes from The United States suspended the out of all our children’s hands. But if coca grown in Peru and the disruption of the transfer of these parts in 1991 when in Burma and elsewhere our efforts air corridor between Peru and Colombia is President Fujimori dissolved the Peru- important to United States counter nar- vian legislature and threw out the con- make some progress in restricting the cotics efforts. flow of heroin to the United States, we stitution. The situation was further (7) The situation which led to the cutoff of complicated by the conflict earlier this will make the drug more expensive and military equipment for the air interdiction year between Peru and Ecuador. less readily available on our streets effort have been satisfactorily resolved or The conditions which led to the cut- have progressed to a point where the cutoff than it is today. off of military equipment have evolved Mr. President, before I conclude, I of this military equipment is no longer in the interest of the United States. to the point where it is no longer pro- should also add that in meetings at- ductive to continue denying these tended by American Embassy officials (b) It is the Sense of the Senate that the President should, as soon as possible, provide parts. President Fujimori was over- in Rangoon, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, limited spare parts and other military equip- whelmingly reelected in May and a had no objections to counternarcotics ment to the government of Peru in support cease fire holds sway in the border con- programs in Burma. While advising of Peruvian Air Force efforts to monitor, flict with Ecuador. This amendment is that the U.N. counternarcotics effort intercept and interdict aircraft and other offered as a way to encourage to the in Burma be closely monitored—as it forms of transportation engaged in illegal administration to rethink and modify narcotics trafficking activities. should be, she also understood the im- its position. portance of reducing poppy cultivation. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, last Fri- I know that the distinguished Sen- Further, she observed that the U.N. day the New York Times reported rath- ator from Vermont and others have Burma program employs many pro- er substantial increases in the price of concerns bout the human rights record democracy supporters. cocaine on the streets of New York of the Peruvian military and I share I am convinced that the counter- City. The article attributed this price those concerns. This amendment narcotics assistance envisioned for rise to the recent arrests in Colombia should not be interpreted as an at- Burma is consistent with our human of six of the seven biggest drug king- tempt to open the flood gates for broad rights goals in Burma. But, I repeat, to pins. military assistance. ensure that it remains so, this amend- Certainly the decapitation of the Cali The only assistance I am encouraging ment requires the Secretary to certify cartel has played an important part in is equipment for the interdiction pro- that all the program which our assist- disrupting the supply of cocaine, but gram that is already in the pipeline.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 The Peruvian military needs to make of choice among many poor users—have not surpassed the Medellin cartel in sophistica- much more progress in the area of re- been affected, because its purity is low to tion and resources at the time of the spect for human rights before the begin with and abusers need little to become Medellin group’s downfall. intoxicated. But Mr. Constantine and other officials United States should consider other Though they are encouraged by the tight- cautioned that it was too soon to tell how forms of assistance. ened supply of cocaine, some police officials harshly the Colombian authorities would It would be a travesty if the Peru- expressed concern that shortages of cocaine punish the six top Cali leaders they captured vians were forced to shut down this could eventually increase demand for heroin, this year. United States officials noted that program because the United States which is already gaining in popularity and is the cartel leaders were able to negotiate would not send spare parts for two air- mostly distributed by organized crime some of the terms of their surrender, and groups that compete with the Cali cartel. none have suffered confiscations of ill-gotten planes. Keeping cocaine in Peru, keeps They also worry that if drug profits con- cocaine off our school yards and street gains like their mountainside mansions or tinue to be stretched, street gangs com- fleets of yachts. corners. I encourage the Senate to peting for customers, territory and supplies In addition, the United States officials say, adopt this amendment. could turn more violent, much as they did the cartel leaders are still able to commu- I ask unanimous consent to have the when crack first became popular in the late nicate with their lieutenants sporadically article printed in the RECORD. 1980’s. through family members who visit them in There being no objection, the mate- Investigators said information collected jail and by paying off guards. But perhaps through wiretaps and informers indicate rial was ordered to be printed in the because their telephone conversations are that supplies of cocaine are being held up in being monitored, the officials say, they have RECORD, as follows: Colombia and Mexico, where they are stock- not directed their underlings to release huge [From the New York Time, Sept. 15, 1995] piled before moving across the border, be- loads of cocaine warehoused in Colombia and COLOMBIA ARRESTS RAISE PRICE OF COCAINE cause the leaders who once personally super- Mexico. IN NEW YORK CITY vised their release are in jail or on the run. Whatever the long-term impact, law-en- Middle-level traffickers, the wiretaps and (By Clifford Kauss) forcement officials say, the latest price rises informers indicated, are holding back ship- demonstrate that the cartel’s top leaders di- Only a few months after the Colombian ments, in part because they feared that the rect the most minute details of their cocaine Government began arresting the top leaders captured leaders might be trading informa- wholesale operations in the New York area. of the Cali drug cartel, law enforcement offi- tion about cartel operations in exchange for Recent captures of cartel records include cials said the supply and potency of cocaine more lenient treatment. items like personnel evaluations and Con in New York City is dwindling, forcing ‘‘The one person who moved the cocaine Edison bills. wholesale and street prices to soar. between Colombia and Mexico, Miguel Angel ‘‘We have done investigations involving Rodriguez Orejuela, is out of commission for In what officials described as the most pre- wiretaps,’’ said Robert H. Silbering, the Spe- at least the moment,’’ said a senior Drug En- cipitous shift in almost six years, the whole- cial Assistant District Attorney in charge of forcement Administration official who spoke sale price of cocaine has increased nearly 50 citywide narcotics cases, ‘‘that show a direct on condition that he not be named. ‘‘One can percent since May, while retail prices have link from the streets of New York to the es- logically surmise that right now there is a gone up 30 percent. Similar increases, they tates of Cali.’’ said, are evident in other big Eastern cities quandary, a state of confusion, and problems dependent on New York-based Cali with people hooking up with the traffickers Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have operatives for supplies. both in Colombia and Mexico.’’ agreed to accept this amendment, be- In addition, they said, recent seizures and The most striking effect of the arrests in cause it is narrowly written and deals intelligence indicate that the size and num- Colombia have so far been at the wholesale only with the authority to provide ber of shipments of cocaine into the New level of the drug trade, officials said, Re- spare parts for Peruvian aircraft used sponding to the decreased supplies, several York area have declined. Only four months in the drug interdiction program. It ago, Federal agents say, shipments weighing law enforcement officials said top cocaine dealers have increased their prices to their does not authorize funds on equipment 1,000 pounds or more were coming into the for the Peruvian Army. We prohibit city in trucks, ships and airplanes; now, they largest distributors to an average of $26,000 typically weight less than 200 pounds. per kilogram, from $18,000 only four months military aid to Peru in this bill on ac- The shifts are also evident in the city’s ago. count of longstanding human rights drug markets. Drug dealers in Washington In Detroit, the Drug Enforcement Adminis- concerns. We do not want to undermine Square Park said this week that the same tration has reported an increase in wholesale that policy in any way, by providing gram of cocaine that sold for $50 in May now prices from $22,000 to $32,000 per kilogram in equipment to the army for any pur- goes for $80, an increase that they said was the last two months alone. A bodega owner in Washington Heights pose. beginning to drive away younger buyers who with broad knowledge of the cocaine trade in However, this amendment would not come to Greenwich Village from New Jersey. New York said the recent increase had forced do that. It only permits the delivery of ‘‘I’ve been around 39 years,’’ said one middle-level dealers to drop some street sell- spare parts to permit the Peruvian Air Washington Square dealer, whispering as he ers, shave profits, dilute their inventory and gave knowing glances to prospective buyers Force to operate its drug interdiction hoard supplies in case the current shortages walking through the park. ‘‘So I know when aircraft, which I am told by the spon- continued. sor of the amendment, Senator KERRY, they bust the big guys in Colombia, that’s ‘‘A lot of people are just holding onto their when the coke goes up.’’ good stuff for when prices really go up,’’ he are having an effect. I am willing to see Law enforcement authorities cautioned said. that effort continue if it is helping in- that the shifts in supply and price might be The last time cocaine prices in New York terrupt the flow of cocaine, but I can- temporary, evidence of another periodic re- rose so much and so fast was in late 1989, not agree to any assistance to the Pe- alignment of international trafficking net- when a shooting war broke out between the ruvian Army. works with little long-lasting importance. Medellin cartel and the Colombian Govern- But they said that the declining sizes of co- ment. The Medellin group never recovered, AMENDMENT NO. 2746 caine shipments and five recent fatal shoot- but within months the Cali cartel picked up (Purpose: To ensure that the current propor- ings between competing drug gangs in the trafficking slack, and prices returned to tion of economic assistance continues to be Queens appeared to be strong signs that the normal levels. channeled through private and voluntary world’s richest drug trafficking organization State Department and law enforcement of- organizations and cooperatives) is at least going through a painful period of ficials said that Mexican trafficking groups On page 9, insert after the end of line 8 the adjustment. and smaller Colombian cartels operating on following: ‘‘Provided further, That the Presi- ‘‘Maybe it’s only a breather that is bene- Colombia’s northern coast are now jockeying dent shall seek to ensure that the percentage fiting the community,’’ said Peter A. Crusco, for new markets. Mexican traffickers have of funds made available under this heading chief of narcotics investigations in the already taken control of much of the cocaine for the activities of private and voluntary Queens District Attorney’s office. ‘‘But rel- market in the Southwest, they said, and organizations and cooperatives is at least atively little is coming in. The big-level peo- wholesale prices there have not risen as equal to the percentage of funds made avail- ple are not risking moving the cocaine.’’ sharply as in New York. able pursuant to corresponding authorities Officials say cocaine buyers can still find But Thomas A. Constantine, the head of in law for the activities of private and vol- the drug in neighborhoods across the city, the Drug Enforcement Administration, said untary organizations and cooperatives in fis- but New York police officials say laboratory in a recent interview that there was no car- cal year 1995:’’. tests show that dealers are now mixing their tel waiting in the wings that could match Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I offer an small bags and tins of cocaine powder with 30 the Cali group’s financial resources, political amendment in support of the excellent percent more sugar or baking powder to clout in Colombia, and international traf- stretch supplies. ficking connections. work done by private, voluntary orga- On the other hand, officials say supplies ‘‘Nobody out there even compares,’’ he nizations and cooperatives, I believe and prices of crack—the cocaine-based drug said, saying that the Cali group had already my amendment will be acceptable to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14061 both sides. It is cosponsored by Sen- the southeast. The southeast, of calm is tenuous and the result of Tur- ators MIKULSKI, SARBANES, and SIMON. course, is a traditionally Kurdish area key’s overwhelming—and at times op- My amendment is very simple. It where Kurds are caught in a vise be- pressive—security presence, which has says that the President shall seek to tween PKK terrorism and the Turkish exacted a high cost in terms of human ensure that the same percentage of our military. rights violations. I believe that my economic assistance that currently is Earlier this week, I released a report amendment would have a positive im- channeled through PVOs, continues to on Turkey prepared by members of the pact by improving economic conditions be channeled through PVOs next year. minority staff of the Foreign Relations in a very unstable area. This language is identical to a provi- Committee. The report, which was This amendment also sends an impor- sion that was included in the foreign based upon a trip that the staff con- tant message to Turkey—as it faces aid authorization bill reported by the ducted in August, found, among other the challenge of forming a new govern- Foreign Relations Committee, and it is things, that the Kurdistan Workers’ ment—about the need to address other similar to a provision in the House- Party [PKK] poses a grave threat not underlying problems such as the lack passed foreign operations appropria- only to Turkey, but to regional sta- of ethnic and cultural acceptance and tions bill. bility as well. According to the report, human rights abuses in the southeast. I think this amendment is important the PKK bears direct responsibility for Turkish officials speak of the need to because private, voluntary organiza- much of the tensions in southeast Tur- increase stability in the southeast. tions—PVOs—are our most cost-effec- key and for prompting the recent True stability can only come with in- tive vehicle for delivering foreign as- Turkish invasions of Iraq. creased tolerance. This amendment is sistance, and in this era of shrinking The report also found, however, that intended to bolster that effort. budgets we simply cannot afford to the Government of Turkey bears much AMENDMENT NO. 2748 abandon our partnership with them, of the responsibility for the continued On page 36, line 4, after the word ‘‘Turkey’’ PVOs operate in countries and cir- suffering in the southeast. The report insert the following: ‘‘: Provided further, That cumstances in which our government acknowledges the great political chal- the President should seek the agreement of cannot or will not. They not only re- lenges Prime Minister Ciller faces as the Prime Minister of Turkey to permit ac- flect American values and generosity, she tries to address the Kurdish prob- cess throughout Turkey for international but are an efficient means of delivering lem—a fact borne out by developments humanitarian organizations which operate people-to-people assistance that has a of the last several days by the fall of confidentially, and report to the Committee her government. The bottom line, how- on Appropriations by June 1, 1996, on positive and lasting impact on the lives progress towards such agreement’’. of the poor and builds long-term friend- ever, is that the government has been ships for the United States. unable—or unwilling—to distinguish AMENDMENT NO. 2749 In addition to commanding broad the genuine threat posed by the PKK (Purpose: To amend the NATO Participation public support, our partnership with from the legitimate rights and aspira- Act of 1994 to expedite the transition to PVOs and cooperatives leverages vast tions of the Kurdish people. As a re- full membership in and cooperation with private resources. Much of the assist- sult, Turkey refuses to engage in a po- the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of ance we provide through PVOs is litical dialog with nonviolent Kurdish European countries emerging from Com- matched by contributions from cor- representatives, and is executing a munist domination) porations and private individuals. Thus heavy-handed, indiscriminate military On page 121, below line 24, add the fol- reductions in the level of PVO partici- campaign to eradicate what it views as lowing: pation in our foreign aid program could a monolithic threat to the unity of the TITLE VII—NATO PARTICIPATION ACT have a very damaging multiplier effect. country. AMENDMENTS OF 1995 Unfortunately, it appears that some By equating all Kurdish aspirations SECTION 701. SHORT TITLE. cuts in development assistance are un- with the terrorist designs of the PKK, This title may be cited as the ‘‘NATO Par- avoidable. My amendment simply Turkey effectively has eliminated out- ticipation Act Amendments of 1995’’. seeks to ensure that PVOs are not cut lets for nonviolent Kurdish political or SEC. 702. FINDINGS. disproportionately. I think it is critical cultural expression. As a consequence, The Congress makes the following findings: that the Senate go on record in support Turkey unintentionally may be con- (1) Since 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty of the tremendous work done by these tributing to the PKK’s appeal. I believe Organization (NATO) has played an essential role in guaranteeing the security, freedom, organizations and I would urge that it is important to encourage Turkey to and prosperity of the United States and its the Senate adopt my amendment. offer Kurds and other groups outlets partners in the Alliance. AMENDMENT NO 2747 for nonviolent expression. (2) NATO has expanded its membership on At the appropriate place in the bill, insert One response to the well-chronicled three different occasions since 1949. the following: Turkish rights violations has been to (3) The sustained commitment of the mem- Of the funds appropriated for Turkey under cut assistance. In fact, as many of my ber countries of NATO to mutual defense of the heading ‘‘Economic Assistance’’, not less colleagues may be aware, the House their security ultimately made possible the than $5 million shall be made available only voted to limit economic support funds democratic transformation in Central and through non-government organizations to be for Turkey to $21 million. I propose Eastern Europe and the demise of the Soviet Union. used only for projects in the ten south- that we take a different approach by eastern provinces currently under a state of (4) NATO was designed to be and remains a emergency, and shall be used only for addressing some of the very real eco- defensive military organization whose mem- projects designed to promote economic de- nomic needs Turkey is facing in the bers have never contemplated the use of, or velopment, cultural and ethnic tolerance, southeast—and to do so through non- used, military force to expand the borders of and human rights activities, and to support governmental organizations. its member states. the development and activities of non-gov- The Foreign Relations Committee (5) While the immediate threat to the secu- ernmental organizations. staff visited Diyarbakir, one of the rity of the United States and its allies has Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I am offer- main cities in the southeast, which in been reduced with the collapse of the Iron ing an amendment that directs that a many ways symbolizes the ethnic dif- Curtain, new security threats, such as the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, are small amount of our overall assistance ficulties that persist within Turkey. emerging to the shared interests of the mem- to Turkey be used by nongovernmental That city has become a haven for rural ber countries of NATO. organizations for specific activities in Kurds forced to evacuate neighboring (6) NATO remains the only multilateral se- the poorest part of Turkey—the south- towns and villages destroyed by the curity organization capable of conducting ef- east. Specifically, the amendment des- Turkish military. By some estimates, fective military operations to protect West- ignates that not less than $5 million of the city’s population has grown from ern security interests. our aid to Turkey be used for projects roughly 300,000 to more an 1,500,000 dur- (7) NATO has played a positive role in designed to promote economic develop- ing the past 5 years. Although Turkish defusing tensions between NATO members and, as a result, no military action has oc- ment, cultural and ethnic tolerance, officials, local residents, and some curred between two NATO member states and human rights activities, and to independent observers suggest that since the inception of NATO in 1949. support the development and activities tensions have subsided during the past (8) NATO is also an important diplomatic of nongovernmental organizations in 2 years, it is evident that any existing forum for the discussion of issues of concern

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 to its member states and for the peaceful Participation Act Amendments of 1995, the (i) by striking ‘‘subsection (d)’’ and insert- resolution of disputes. President shall transmit to the Congress an ing ‘‘subsection (d)(2)’’; and (9) America’s security, freedom, and pros- evaluation of Poland, Hungary, the Czech (ii) by inserting ‘‘(22 U.S.C. 2394)’’ before perity remain linked to the security of the Republic, and Slovakia, as well as all other the period at the end. countries of Europe. European countries emerging from Com- (C) Section 204(c) of such Act is amended (10) Any threat to the security of the newly munist domination which have expressed an by striking ‘‘any other Partnership for Peace emerging democracies in Europe would pose interest in joining NATO, in accordance with country designated under section 203(d)’’ and a security threat to the United States and the criteria in paragraph (3) and specifically inserting ‘‘any country designated under sec- its European allies. designate one or more of these countries to tion 203(d)(2)’’. (11) The admission to NATO of European be eligible to receive assistance under the (c) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—Section 203(c) of countries that have been freed from Com- program established in subsection (a). The such Act is amended— munist domination and that meet specific President shall provide a report of the coun- (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through criteria for NATO membership would con- try-by-country evaluation as well as an eval- (4) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), respec- tribute to international peace and enhance uation of each designated country’s progress tively; and the security of the region. toward conformance with criteria for full (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) (as (12) A number of countries have expressed NATO membership. redesignated) the following new subpara- varying degrees of interest in NATO mem- ‘‘(2) OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EMERGING graphs: bership, and have taken concrete steps to FROM COMMUNIST DOMINATION.—In addition to ‘‘(E) Assistance under chapter 4 of part II demonstrate this commitment. the country or countries designated pursu- of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relat- (13) Full integration of Central and East ant to paragraph (1), the President may des- ing to the Economic Support Fund). European countries into the North Atlantic ignate other European countries emerging ‘‘(F) Funds appropriated under the ‘Non- Alliance after such countries meet essential from Communist domination. The President proliferation and Disarmament Fund’ ac- criteria for admission would enhance the se- may make such a designation in the case of count’’. curity of the Alliance and, thereby, con- any such country only if the President deter- ‘‘(G) Assistance under chapter 6 of part II tribute to the security of the United States. mines, and reports to the designated con- of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relat- (14) The expansion of NATO can create the gressional committees, that such country ing to peacekeeping operations and other stable environment needed to successfully meets the criteria specified in paragraph (3). programs).’’. complete the political and economic trans- ‘‘(3) CRITERIA.—The criteria referred to in ‘‘(H) Authority for the Department of De- formation envisioned by European states paragraph (2) are, with respect to each coun- fense to pay excess defense articles costs for emerging from Communist domination. try, that the country— countries designated for both grant lethal (15) In recognition that not all countries ‘‘(A) has made or is making significant and nonlethal excess defense articles. which have requested membership in NATO progress toward establishing— ‘‘(I) Authority to convert FMF loans to will necessarily qualify at the same pace, the ‘‘(i) shared values and interests; grants, and grants to loans, for eligible coun- accession date for each new member will ‘‘(ii) democratic governments; tries. vary. ‘‘(iii) free market economies; (3) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ immediately after ‘‘(iv) civilian control of the military, of the (16) Nothing in this title should be con- ‘‘TYPE OF ASSISTANCE.—’’; and strued as precluding the eventual NATO police, and of intelligence services; (4) by adding at the end the following new membership of European countries never ‘‘(v) adherence to the values, principles, paragraphs: under Communist domination, namely, Aus- and political commitments embodied in the ‘‘(2) For fiscal years 1996 and 1997, in pro- Helsinki Final Act of the Organization on tria, Finland, and Sweden. viding assistance under chapter 5 of part II Security and Cooperation in Europe; and (17) The provision of NATO transition as- of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the ‘‘(vi) more transparent defense budgets and sistance should include those countries most countries designated under subsection (d), is participating in the Partnership For Peace ready for closer ties with NATO and should the President shall include as an important defense planning process; be designed to assist other countries meeting component of such assistance the provision ‘‘(B) has made public commitments— specified criteria of eligibility to move for- of sufficient language training to enable ‘‘(i) to further the principles of NATO and ward toward eventual NATO membership. military personnel to participate further in to contribute to the security of the North (18) The evaluation of future membership programs for military training and in de- Atlantic area; in NATO for countries emerging from Com- fense exchange programs. ‘‘(ii) to accept the obligations, responsibil- ‘‘(3) Of the amounts made available under munist domination should be based on the ities, and costs of NATO membership; and chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance progress of those nations in meeting criteria ‘‘(iii) to implement infrastructure develop- Act of 1961 (relating to international mili- for NATO transition assistance and evolving ment activities that will facilitate participa- NATO criteria, which require enhancement tion in and support for NATO military ac- tary education and training), $5,000,000 for of NATO’s security and the approval of all tivities; fiscal year 1996 and $5,000,000 for fiscal year NATO members. ‘‘(C) is not ineligible for assistance under 1997 should support— SEC. 703. UNITED STATES POLICY. section 563 of Public Law 103–306, with re- ‘‘(A) the attendance of additional military It should be the policy of the United spect to transfers of equipment to a country personnel of countries designated under sub- States— the government of which the Secretary of section (d)(1) or (d)(2), particularly Poland, (1) to join with the NATO allies of the State has determined is a terrorist govern- Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, United States to redefine the role of the ment for purposes of section 40(d) of the at professional military education institu- NATO Alliance in the post-Cold War world; Arms Export Control Act; and tions in the United States in accordance (2) to actively assist European countries ‘‘(D) could, within five years of the deter- with section 544 of such Act; and emerging from Communist domination in mination of the President under paragraph ‘‘(B) the placement and support of United their transition so that such countries may (1) or (2), be in a position to further the prin- States instructors and experts at military eventually qualify for NATO membership; ciples of the North Atlantic Treaty and to educational centers within the foreign coun- and contribute to its own security and that of tries designated under subsection (d) that (3) to work to define the political and secu- the North Atlantic area. are receiving assistance under that chap- rity relationship between an enlarged NATO ‘‘(4) PROHIBITION ON FUNDING FOR PARTNER- ter.’’. and the Russian Federation. SHIP FOR PEACE ACTIVITIES OR ON FUNDING FOR SEC. 705. ASSISTANCE FOR NATO PARTICIPATION SEC. 704. REVISIONS TO PROGRAM TO FACILI- THE WARSAW INITIATIVE.—Effective 60 days ACT DESIGNEES. TATE TRANSITION TO NATO MEM- after the date of enactment of the NATO The President is authorized to obligate and BERSHIP. Participation Act Amendments of 1995, no expend $60,000,000 from funds made available (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—Sub- funds authorized to be appropriated under under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 in section (a) of section 203 of the NATO Par- any provision of law may be obligated or ex- support of countries designated to receive ticipation Act of 1994 (title II of Public Law pended for activities associated with the transition assistance under section 203(a) of 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note) is amended to Partnership for Peace program or the War- the NATO Participation Act, as follows: read as follows: (1) Poland: $20,000,000. ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The saw Initiative until the President has des- (2) Czech Republic: $10,000,000. President may provide expanded security as- ignated at least one country to participate (3) Hungary: $5,000,000. sistance and other related assistance to in the transition program established under (4) Slovakia: $5,000,000. countries designated under subsection (d) to subsection (a).’’. (5) Other European countries designated facilitate their transition to full NATO (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— membership.’’. (A) Subsections (b) and (c) of section 203 of under subsection (d)(1) or subsection (d)(2): (b) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.— such Act are amended by striking ‘‘countries $20,000,000. (1) ELIGIBILITY.—Subsection (d) of section described in such subsection’’ each of the SEC. 706. TERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY. 203 of such Act is amended to read as follows: two places it appears and inserting ‘‘coun- Section 203(f) of the NATO Participation ‘‘(d) DESIGNATION OF ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.— tries designated under subsection (d)’’. Act of 1994 (title II of Public Law 103–447; 22 ‘‘(1) PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW AND REPORT.— (B) Subsection (e) of section 203 of such Act U.S.C. 1928 note) is amended to read as fol- Within 60 days of the enactment of the NATO is amended— lows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14063 ‘‘(f) TERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY.—(1) The by adding at the end the following new sec- Second, NATO enlargement would eligibility of a country designated under sub- tion: help facilitate the economic and polit- section (d) for the program established in ‘‘SEC. 207. DEFINITIONS. ical integration of this region into the subsection (a) shall terminate 60 days after ‘‘For purposes of this title: West. Passage of this amendment the President makes a certification under ‘‘(1) NATO.—The term ‘NATO’ means the would demonstrate America’s commit- paragraph (2) unless, within the 60-day pe- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ment to consolidating an enlarged Eu- riod, the Congress enacts a joint resolution ‘‘(2) DESIGNATED CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- disapproving the termination of eligibility. TEES.—The term ‘designated congressional rope, and it would give more incentive ‘‘(2) Whenever the President determines committees’ means— to all the nations of Central and East- that the government of a country designated ‘‘(A) the Committee on International Rela- ern Europe to continue their reforms. under subsection (d)— tions, the Committee on National Security, Third, the extension of NATO mem- ‘‘(A) no longer meets the criteria set forth and the Committee on Appropriations of the bership to Central and Eastern Europe in subsection (d)(2)(A); House of Representatives; and would positively influence the evo- ‘‘(B) is hostile to the NATO alliance; or ‘‘(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, ‘‘(C) poses a national security threat to the lution of two great powers, Germany the Committee on Armed Services, and the and Russia. These two nations are now United States, Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. then the President shall so certify to the ap- ‘‘(3) EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EMERGING FROM undergoing very complex and sensitive propriate congressional committees. COMMUNIST DOMINATION.—The term ‘Euro- transformations. The outcomes will be ‘‘(3) Nothing in this Act shall affect the eli- pean countries emerging from Communist significantly shaped by the future of gibility of countries to participate under domination’ includes, but is not limited to, Central and Eastern Europe. NATO en- other provisions of law in programs de- Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, largement would further lock German scribed in this Act. Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Po- interests into a transatlantic security (b) CONGRESSIONAL PRIORITY PROCE- land, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and structure and thereby consolidate the DURES.—Section 203 of such Act is amended Ukraine.’’. positive role Bonn plays in European by adding at the end the following new sub- Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I rise as a section: affairs. ‘‘(g) CONGRESSIONAL PRIORITY PROCE- cosponsor of the Brown amendment— Moreover, and this leads to my DURES.— the NATO Participation Act Amend- fourth point, NATO enlargement into ‘‘(1) APPLICABLE PROCEDURES.—A joint res- ments of 1995. Central and Eastern Europe benefits olution described in paragraph (2) which is No other issue is more crucial to Eu- Russia. By enhancing and reinforcing introduced in a House of Congress after the ropean security than NATO’s relation- stability in Eastern Europe, an en- date on which a certification made under ship with Central and Eastern Europe. larged NATO would bring greater sta- subsection (f)(2) is received by Congress shall Today, we are in the midst of an his- bility to Russia’s frontiers and would be considered in accordance with the proce- torical era, an era of transition. It is a dures set forth in paragraphs (3) through (7) enable Russia to direct more of its en- of section 8066(c) of the Department of De- phase in which the strategic landscape ergy to the internal challenges of polit- fense Appropriations Act, 1985 (as contained of Europe is particularly malleable—a ical and economic reform. in Public Law 98–473 (98 Stat. 1936)), except phase that will not last forever. How Mr. President, this point is too often that— the Alliance manages its relationship forgotten in this debate. There has ‘‘(A) references to the ‘resolution described with the nations of this region during been too strong a tendency in United in paragraph (1)’ shall be deemed to be ref- this period will determine whether or States policy to overreact to outdated erences to the joint resolution; and not Europe will ultimately have the Russian sensitivities at the expense of ‘‘(B) references to the Committee on Ap- benefits of an enduring and stable propriations of the House of Representatives strategic realities and objectives cen- and to the Committee on Appropriations of peace. tral to the interests of the Alliance, as the Senate shall be deemed to be references Careful, gradual, but undeterred en- well as to the United States. to the Committee on International Relations largement of NATO should be the geo- Finally, Mr. President, let me em- of the House of Representatives and the political priority of America’s Europe phasize the NATO Participation Act Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen- policy. The Alliance is uniquely quali- Amendments endorse a vision of Euro- ate. fied to provide the institutional foun- pean security in a manner fully con- ‘‘(2) TEXT OF JOINT RESOLUTION.—A joint dation for regional security and peace. sistent with the spirit and charter of resolution under this paragraph is a joint No other institution combines the two resolution the matter after the resolving the Washington Treaty. It calls upon clause of which is as follows: ‘That the Con- necessary requisites to serve in this the President to undertake programs gress disapproves the certification submitted role: a transatlantic dimension and that will help the nations of Central by the President on llllll pursuant to proven operational capability. and Eastern Europe prepare themselves section 203(f) of the NATO Participation Act The Brown amendment explicitly en- for the responsibilities of NATO mem- of 1994.’.’’. dorses and facilitates a process of bership, SEC. 707. REPORTS. NATO expansion. Passage of this Enlargement is a process for which (a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 206 of the amendment is an important step to- the Alliance has always been geared. NATO Participation Act of 1994 (title II of ward establishing a system of Euro- Indeed, Article 10 of the Washington Public Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note), as pean security consisting of two pillars: Treaty provides for the enlargement of redesignated by section 705(1) of this Act, is amended— an enlarged NATO and a strategic part- the Alliance to any European state ‘‘in (1) by inserting ‘‘ANNUAL’’ in the section nership between the Alliance and Rus- a position to further the principals of heading before the first word; sia. this Treaty and to contribute to the se- (2) by inserting ‘‘annual’’ after ‘‘include in Since I have endorsed this legislation curity of the North Atlantic area.’’ the’’ in the matter preceding paragraph (1); before in this Chamber, allow me, Mr. Mr. President, America’s policies to- (3) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Partner- President, to briefly review the key ward Europe must be structured to ship for Peace’’ and inserting ‘‘European’’; reasons why we should support the shape a strategic landscape that en- and process of NATO enlargement and why hances economic, political, and mili- (4) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting we should vote for the NATO Participa- instead the following new paragraph: tary stability in all parts of Europe. ‘‘(2) In the event that the President deter- tion Act Amendments of 1995: This is in our Nation’s best interest, mines that, despite a period of transition as- First, extending the Alliance’s mem- and it is the intent of the NATO Par- sistance, a country designated under section bership to the nations of Central and ticipation Act Amendments to see such 203(d) has not, as of January 10, 1999, met cri- Eastern Europe, beginning with Po- policies embraced. For this reason, I teria for NATO membership set forth by the land, Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary, call upon my colleagues to pass this North Atlantic Council, the President shall will help transform this region from a legislation. transmit a report to the designated congres- source of instability into a cornerstone Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I want to sional committees containing an assessment of peace. Both recent and long-term thank the Senator from Colorado for of the progress made by that country in meeting those standards.’’. history show us that the region’s stra- working with me and others to revise SEC. 708. DEFINITIONS. tegic vulnerability has been a source of S. 602, the NATO Participation Act The NATO Participation Act of 1994 (title danger on the continent—with calami- Amendments of 1995, which he and Sen- II of Public Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note), tous consequences that drew the ator SIMON introduced earlier this as amended by this title, is further amended United States into two World Wars. year. While there are still a few

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14064 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 changes that I hope we can make down encouraging the administration to tions under the NPT and IAEA safe- the road, I share the amendment’s goal reach out to our friends in Central and guards agreement. of assisting our friends in Central and Eastern Europe on the one hand and Talks are again underway again on Eastern Europe to make the transition supporting the process among our the next phase of implementing the from Communist domination to greater NATO allies on the other. Framework Agreement. It will not sur- integration with the rest of Europe. I AMENDMENT NO. 2750 prise anyone to learn that, once again, believe that overall, the amendment (Purpose: To provide a substitute for the pro- the North is linking a continuation of before us is a vast improvement over S. vision relating to the Korean Peninsula the freeze to being granted millions 602, and I will support it. Energy Development Organization) more in assistance. NATO expansion is very important. Strike all after ‘‘that’’ on p. 108 line 18 This time, apparently they are inter- In fact, the United States has taken through line 10 on page 109, and insert in lieu thereof the following: ested in the equipment needed to build the lead within the Alliance to address an energy distribution grid. the issues thoroughly and expedi- (a) in accordance with Section I of the Agreed Framework, KEDO has designated a Like every Member of this body, I tiously. Stepping up security assist- Republic of Korea company, corporation or think a freeze on North Korea’s nuclear ance to former Communist states is entity for the purpose of negotiating a prime program is important—but we need to critical to the Partnership for Peace contract to carry out construction of the lock in that freeze—to freeze it, if you initiative as well as to NATO expan- light water reactors provided for in the will. sion. The administration has already Agreed Framework; and put forth a proposal—the Warsaw Ini- (b) the DPRK is maintaining the freeze on At this point, it has been reduced to tiative—to facilitate the participation its nuclear facilities as required in the a negotiating chip which the North Agreed Framework; and keeps recycling. Every time they want of democratic European states in Part- (c) the United States is taking steps to as- nership for Peace activities. The something new, the North threatens to sure that progress is made on (1) the North lift the freeze. Brown-Simon amendment com- South dialogue, including efforts to reduce plements what the President is already barriers to trade and investment, such as re- In the last round of talks, the North doing in this regard. This amendment moving restrictions on travel, telecommuni- was adamant that no mention be made does not alter the fact that Partner- cations services and financial transactions; of South Korean participation in the ship for Peace is becoming an impor- and (2) implementation of the January 1, 1992 provision of the light water reactor tant feature of the European security Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of covered under the Framework Agree- the Korean Peninsula. ment. system. (d) A report on the specific efforts with re- This amendment sets up a series of gard to subsection (c) shall be submitted by To accommodate this demand, we ne- eligibility criteria for countries to re- the President to the Committees on Appro- gotiated an arrangement where the ceive additional assistance leading to priations six months after the date of enact- North agreed to allow KEDO to an- the transition to full NATO member- ment, and every six months thereafter. nounce the contracting decision. ship. The criteria, which include hav- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the KEDO, in turn, announced that a reac- ing a Democratic government and a language in the bill takes the stand- tor originally based on a United States free market economy, civilian control ards for improvements in the United design but modified by the South of the military and the intelligence States relationship with North Korea would be the reactor provided. services, adherence to OSCE principles, and applies them to the North-South I gather the ambiguity of this ar- and a commitment to prevent the sale relationship. In other words, the lan- rangement was unsatisfactory to the of defense articles to terrorist states, guage codifies what I believe is our pol- South but a private letter from Presi- are quite appropriate and reasonable. icy of parallel progress between North dent Clinton to President Kim Yong I want to be clear, however, that and South and the United States rela- Sam was sufficiently reassuring that adoption of this amendment should not tionship with the North. the South Korean administration be taken as a signal that Congress can There is real concern that each time agreed to go along. deem that certain countries are more the North Koreans want something new Unfortunately, side letters do not ready than others for NATO member- in the way of equipment, economic as- bear the same official weight as obliga- ship. The 16 NATO countries have a sistance, or a concession, they threaten tions spelled out in agreements. Once process in place for addressing the ex- to lift the freeze. again, the North seems to have pansion issue. That is as it should be. We then inch closer in our bilateral achieved their goal of access to energy NATO has almost completed its inter- relationship. My concern has been that and easing economic pressure while nal study of expansion, which will be this has been at the expense of the minimizing contact with the South. made public as early as next week. long-standing United States alliance I think it is essential to clarify just Then NATO will begin briefing Part- with the South. Ultimately, I think the what we expect in the North-South dia- nership for Peace members regarding North is determined to drive a wedge log. Ambiguity will ultimately invite expansion. between the South and the United challenge and confrontation. Under Senator LUGAR’s leadership, States. And, their strategy seems to be the European Subcommittee is con- working. We have responded to threats The North’s opposition to a clearly ducting a series of hearings to examine by canceling joint military exercises, defined role for the South is the threat NATO expansion issues. To date, the offering unconditional economic aid in to stability. The danger does not lie in subcommittee hearings have shown the form of oil, while insisting on no imposing obligations that are parallel that the issue of expansion has not clear steps in the North-South dialog. and consistent with our own—the dan- been thoroughly examined or vetted by Let us keep in mind that in spite of ger lies in abandoning our current se- the Congress or by the American pub- the freeze, there is no date certain by curity commitments to South Korea in lic. The costs and responsibilities of which North Korea will come into full an attempt to obtain future compli- NATO expansion have not been thor- compliance with their treaty obliga- ance with IAEA and NPT require- oughly examined. Therefore, any uni- tions. Indeed, I believe we have set a ments. lateral congressional determination as dangerous precedent in rewarding vio- Mr. President, the principal objec- to which countries are ready for NATO lations of the NPT with free reactors tion the administration had to the re- membership is inappropriate. and economic aid. strictions I included in the Foreign Op- This amendment does not make a And, the North’s response? When the erations bill was the timetable I estab- pronouncement regarding NATO mem- South recently sent a relief shipment lished for progress in the North-South bership. It simply authorizes the Presi- of rice, the North captured the boat dialog. I would like my colleagues to dent to help countries that are already and held the crew members hostage. know that the timetable I included was members of Partnership for Peace, and I think it will have an adverse im- exactly the same as the schedule the that may be interested in full NATO pact on stability on the peninsula if we United States was expected to comply membership. trade away our current commitments with in fulfilling obligations to nor- I believe that this amendment to South Korea to secure the North’s malize economic and political rela- strikes an appropriate balance between future compliance with their obliga- tions.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14065 However, given the difficulty of the I commend the chairman, and others democracy allies will give Mr. Lee a problem I can appreciate the adminis- who have contributed to this result. working majority of 31. tration not feeling able to move as rap- AMENDMENT NO. 2751 By contrast, pro-Beijing candidates idly as I would like, so I have modified On page 24, line 5 add the following after of the Democratic Alliance for the Bet- the language to accommodate those ‘‘services’’: ‘‘Provided, That these funds shall terment of Hong Kong won only six concerns. The amendment I am offer- be in addition to funds justified for programs seats and the party’s top three officials ing on behalf of Senators BYRD, NUNN, in the fiscal year 1996 congressional presen- were all defeated. Regrettably, spokes- HATFIELD, STEVENS, INOUYE, LEAHY, tation documents.’’ men for Beijing have not learned to and myself balances our interest in lose gracefully and have resorted to clarifying our goals on the North- AMENDMENT NO. 2752 threats and intimidation. South dialog while giving the adminis- (Purpose: To express the sense of the Con- Again Governor Patten has proved to tration sufficient time and a measure gress regarding the recent elections in be the best analyst: ‘‘Everybody has to Hong Kong) of flexibility to advance those inter- recognize that Hong Kong has ex- ests. At the appropriate place in the bill, insert pressed its views about the present and the following: Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank the future with great clarity.’’ the distinguished chairman of the sub- SEC. . HONG KONG ELECTIONS. Mr. President, the amendment I have committee, and manager of the bill, for (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the fol- lowing: offered congratulates the people of his flexibility in accommodating my Hong Kong for exercising their right to concerns over the provision in the bill (1) The right to an elected legislature in Hong Kong is guaranteed by the 1984 Sino- vote, calls on China to respect the on the Korean Framework Agreement. British Joint Declaration on the Question of clear will of the people of Hong Kong to That agreement, concluded on October Hong Kong. have a fully democratic government, 21, 1994, if properly implemented, holds (2) The United States-Hong Kong Policy and calls on China to enter into a dia- the promise of relaxing tensions on the Act declared the Congress’s support for full log with the democratically elected Korean Peninsula, of steering the implementation of the 1984 Sino-British representatives of the Hong Kong peo- Joint Declaration; North Korean Government off its path ple. of nuclear weapons development, and of (3) The People’s Republic of China declared in the Joint Declaration that Hong Kong I wish the people of Hong Kong well reducing the long-term expenditure of as they continue to demonstrate their resources by the United States to en- would be ‘‘vested legislative, executive and independent judicial power’’ and would have clear will to maintain the cause of de- sure the safety of South Korea. ‘‘a legislature constituted by elections’’. mocracy. I urge my colleagues to sup- The agreement mainly concerns obli- (4) On September 17, 1995, the highest num- port this amendment. gations entered into between the ber of Hong Kong voters ever demonstrated AMENDMENT NO. 2753 United States and the North Korean their commitment to democracy by freely Government, but also refers to the expressing their right to vote in the Legisla- (Purpose: To impose sanctions against need for a dialog between the North tive Council elections. Burma, and countries assisting Burma, un- (5) The voters of Hong Kong have over- less Burma observes basic human rights and South Korean Governments as and permits political freedoms) well. In Provision III of the agreement, whelmingly expressed their desire for the es- At the appropriate place in the bill insert the North Korea Government has tablishment of a fully democratic govern- ment by electing 60 Legislative Councillors the following. agreed to ‘‘engage in a North/South di- for four-year terms. SEC. 2. SANCTIONS AGAINST BURMA. alog, as this Agreed Framework will (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Except as provided in section 4, the fol- help create an atmosphere that pro- the Congress that— lowing sanctions shall apply to Burma, effec- motes such dialogue.’’ The amendment (1) the people of Hong Kong are to be con- tive 90 days after the date of enactment of which has been offered encourages gratulated for exercising their right to vote this Act (or on such other date as is specified progress in this regard, in particular on September 17, 1995; in this section): with reference to reducing North-South (2) the People’s Republic of China should (1) INVESTMENTS.—No United States na- barriers toward trade and investment, respect the clear will of the people of Hong tional may make any investment in Burma. including removing restrictions on Kong to have a fully democratic government; (2) UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE.—United (3) the Government of the People’s Repub- States assistance for Burma is prohibited. travel, telecommunications services, lic of China should enter into a dialogue with (3) TRADE PRIVILEGES.—The President shall and financial transactions. If such bar- the democratically elected representative of continue the suspension of special trade riers are removed, much of the sus- the Hong Kong people; and privileges pursuant to the Generalized Sys- picion, fear, and anger that infuses the (4) the Government of the People’s Repub- tem of Preferences (GSP), and shall continue North-South relationship can be miti- lic of China should respect the mandate of the suspension of nondiscriminatory trade gated, and an atmosphere of peaceful the elected members by withdrawing its treatment (most-favored-nation status), with cooperation could be fostered. Such a pledge to abolish the Legislative Council in respect to Burma. development is certainly in the na- violation of the Joint Declaration’s provi- (4) IMPORTATION OF GOODS.—No article sions on Hong Kong’s legislature and auton- tional security interest of the United which is produced, manufactured, grown, or omy in all but defense and foreign affairs. extracted in Burma may be imported into States. Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, on the United States. The amendment also requires the (5) TRADE AND INVESTMENT TREATIES.—The President to certify that the North Ko- behalf of myself and others I am offer- ing an amendment that expresses the United States should continue to suspend reans are maintaining their current carrying out obligations under bilateral freeze on nuclear facilities, which is re- sense of the Congress in support of last trade and investment treaties with Burma. quired in the Framework Agreement. Sunday’s successful elections in Hong (6) TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS.—The Secretary This is the quid pro quo for United Kong. of State shall prohibit the use of United States support to the South Korean Mr. President, when Mr. Christopher States passports for travel to Burma except and Japanese consortium to put into Patten became Governor of Hong Kong for travel by United States diplomatic per- place new light water reactor power- 3 years ago, he made a very important sonnel. (7) DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION.—The plants in the North, which will help re- decision. He decided to allow the peo- ple of Hong Kong the opportunity to President is urged not to accept diplomatic solve the overall nuclear issue on the representation from Burma at a level greater Korean Peninsula. express their preference on a simple than the level of diplomatic representation The administration supports this issue: democracy—yes or no? accorded the United States in Burma. amendment, and I am pleased that Sen- As last Monday’s New York Times (8) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE.—The United ators could reach this accommodation editorial noted, ‘‘Hong Kong’s voters States shall suspend assistance under the on the language in the bill. It supports declared overwhelmingly on Sunday Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms America’s vital leadership role to bring their preference for democracy and Export Control Act to any foreign govern- peace and an atmosphere of coopera- their doubts about Beijing’s plans for ment which sells or otherwise transfers arms to the Government of Burma. tion on the Korean Peninsula, and head the colony’s future.’’ Final returns (9) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CON- off any further danger that the North from Sunday’s vote show the Demo- TRIBUTIONS.—The United States shall with- Koreans might pursue a nuclear option cratic Party led by Mr. Martin Lee won hold from each international organization which would lead to more tension and the largest number of seats, 19, in the that funds activities in Burma other than perhaps a conflict there. 60-seat Legislative Council. Other pro- humanitarian activities an amount equal to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 the United States proportionate share of described in subsection (a)(3) shall be subject sion of food, medicine, medical supplies, or that funding. to duty at the rates of duty specified for clothing and does not include cash transfers. (10) MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.—The Sec- such goods under column 2 of the Har- (4) FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.—The term ‘‘fi- retary of the Treasury shall instruct the monized Tariff Schedule of the United nancial institutions’’ includes the Inter- United States executive director of each fi- States. national Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- nancial institution to vote against any loan SEC. 4. CERTIFICATION. opment, the International Development As- or other utilization of the funds of the re- The sanctions of section 2 shall not apply sociation, the Asian Development Bank, and spective bank to or for Burma. upon the determination and certification by the International Monetary Fund. (11) EMINENT PERSONS GROUP.—The Presi- the President to the appropriate congres- (5) UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE.—The term dent, acting through the United States Per- sional committees that the following condi- ‘‘United States assistance’’ means assistance manent Representative to the United Na- tions are met: of any kind which is provided by grant, sale, tions, should urge the United Nations to es- (1) The Government of Burma has uncondi- loan, lease, credit, guaranty, or insurance, or tablish an eminent persons group to report tionally released all political prisoners, in- by any other means, by any agency or in- on compliance by the Government of Burma cluding Aung San Suu Kyi. strumentality of the United States Govern- with United Nations resolutions. (2) The Government of Burma has fully im- ment to any foreign country, including— (12) INTERNATIONAL ARMS EMBARGO.—The plemented the results of the 1990 elections in (A) assistance under the Foreign Assist- President, acting through the United States Burma, including the transfer of power to ci- ance Act of 1961 (including programs under Permanent Representative to the United Na- vilian authority, the protection of basic title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the Act); tions, should urge the establishment by the human rights, and guaranteeing the right of (B) sales, credits, and guaranties under the United Nations of an international arms em- Burmese citizens to participate freely in the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et bargo of Burma. political process, assuring freedom of speech seq.); SEC. 3. AGREEMENTS TO IMPOSE SANCTIONS ON and the right of association and assembly. (C) sales under title I (7 U.S.C.A. 1701 et BURMA. (3) The Government of Burma has imple- seq.) or III (17 U.S.C.A. 1727 et seq.) and dona- (a) NEGOTIATIONS WITH TRADING PART- mented an effective counternarcotics effort. tions under title II (17 U.S.C.A. 1721 et seq.) NERS.— SEC. 5. SANCTIONS AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S RE- of the Agricultural Trade Development and (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days PUBLIC OF CHINA. Assistance Act of 1954 of nonfood commod- after the date of the enactment of this Act, The Secretary of the Treasury shall in- ities; the President shall initiate negotiations struct the United States executive director (D) other financing programs of the Com- with all foreign countries with which the of each multilateral financial institution to modity Credit Corporation for export sales of United States trades for the purpose of en- vote against any loan or other utilization of nonfood commodities; and tering into agreements with the countries— the facilities of the respective institution to (E) financing under the Export-Import (A) to support United States sanctions or for the People’s Republic of China until Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C.A. 635 et seq.). against Burma, and the President determines and certifies to the (B) to cease trade with and investment in Æ Burma. appropriate congressional committees that the People’s Republic of China has termi- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, in (2) CERTIFICATION OF NEGOTIATIONS AND nated arms sales and other arms transfers to July 1989, Ong Son Sue Chi, leader of AGREEMENTS.—Not later than 90 days after Burma. the National League for Democracy the date of the enactment of this Act, the was placed under house arrest. In spite President shall certify to the Congress each SEC. 6. SANCTIONS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT country that— OF THAILAND. of her arrest, National League for De- (A) has failed to enter into an agreement The President shall withhold all United mocracy representatives swept the described in paragraph (1), or States assistance to the Government of elections, held the following May, win- (B) has entered into such an agreement but Thailand until the President determines and ning 392 of the 485 seats in Parliament. certifies to the appropriate congressional is not enforcing it. As we all know, the State Law and (3) ACTION BY THE PRESIDENT.—Notwith- committees that the Government of Thai- land is fully cooperating in providing sup- Order Restoration Council, SLORC, re- standing any other provision of law, if a cer- jected the outcome and has maintained tification is made with respect to any coun- port and relief for Burmese exiles and refu- try under paragraph (2) the President shall gees. an iron grip on Burma ever since. withdraw— SEC. 7. REPORT. While Sue Chi has now been released, (A) any designation of such country— Not later than 45 days after the date of en- today like all others for the people of (i) as a beneficiary developing country for actment of this Act, the President shall sub- Burma marks one more day of ruthless purposes of title V of the Trade Act of 1974 mit a report to the appropriate congressional repression. The recent U.N. Special (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.), committees on— Rapporteur summed up the view of (ii) as a beneficiary country for purposes of (1) the chemical and biological weapons ca- every human rights group and demo- pability of Burma; the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act cratic activist I have spoken with. Peo- (19 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), or (2) a plan to provide United States assist- (iii) as a beneficiary country for purposes ance in support of the democracy movement ple are fearful that whatever they say of the Andean Trade Preference Act (19 active inside Burma; or do will risk interrogation or arrest. U.S.C. 3201 et seq.), (3) the treatment by the Government of In cold and dispassionate terms he re- (B) from such countries the benefits of any Thailand of Burmese students, refugees, and ported his concern about forced labor, other special tariff treatment program under exiles resident in Thailand; and forced porterage, forced relocations, which the special rates of duty apply under (4) the status of arms sales and other arms arbitrary killings, beatings, rape, and column 1 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule transfers to the Government of Burma, in- confiscation of property by the army. of the United States, and cluding the amount of expenditures by the Government of Burma in the acquisition of I urge all of you to read the July Na- (C) most-favored-nation trade treatment tional Geographic article on Burma. with respect to any such country. arms. (b) APPLICABILITY.— SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. While holding out hope that Burma’s (1) IN GENERAL.—The provisions of this sec- As used in this Act: rich natural resources will someday tion apply to goods entered, or withdrawn (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- offer its people a prosperous future, the from warehouse for consumption, originating TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional article describes how clearly the in or imported from a country with respect committees’’ means the Committee on Ap- SLORC enriches itself using fear and to which an action described in subsection propriations and the Committee on Foreign intimidation to exploit both the people (a)(3) has been taken, during the period be- Relations of the Senate and the Committee and the land—an opinion shared by the ginning on the date that is 15 days after the on Appropriations and the Committee on date of the certification described in sub- International Relations of the House of Rep- Wall Street Journal. section (a)(2) and ending on the date that is resentatives. Some of you might ask why I am 15 days after the earlier of— (2) INVESTMENT.—The term ‘‘investment’’ more concerned about Burma than (A) the date the President certifies to the includes any contribution or commitment of other countries questionable human or Congress that such country has entered into funds, commodities, services, patents, proc- political rights records. I am hard an agreement described in subsection (a)(1) esses, or techniques, in the form of— pressed to find another regime on earth and is enforcing the agreement, or (A) a loan or loans; that I find as insulted, self serving, and (B) the date a certification described in (B) the purchase of a share of ownership; repugnant. section 4 is made. (C) participation in royalties, earnings, or This is not a honorable government (2) RATE OF DUTY DURING PERIOD DESIGNA- profits; and TION IS WITHDRAWN.—During the period de- (D) the furnishing of commodities or serv- interested in stability and freedom. It scribed in paragraph (1), goods entered, or ices pursuant to a lease or other contract. is a dictatorship and signs cease-fires withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, (3) HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES.—The term with ethnic leaders then unleashes originating in or imported from a country ‘‘humanitarian activities’’ means the provi- 10,000 well-armed troops on their camps

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14067 of supporters. Last December, when vember message—we want to see im- access to political prisoners. Although Manerplaw was under attack, I offered provements. they stand ready to return at any the view that SLORC would release SLORC must be wondering by now— point, the ICRC decided to withdraw in Sue Chi after annihilating all the improvements, or what? July because SLORC will not grant groups that actively supported her de- What are the real consequences? So them the simplest of terms, which 59 mocracy movement. The fall of far, none. other countries accept, that being un- Manerplaw generated 80,000 refugees. Which is why I have decided to move supervised, regular access to political Today, as we speak, Karenni camps are forward with this legislation. Let me prisoners. I think at one point SLORC under siege, in direct violation of a ne- turn now to the contents of the amend- offered access to Sue Chi, but she cou- gotiated cease-fire. Twenty thousand ment. rageously declined asking that she not civilians have fled the fighting. I think we would all agree that uni- be given any preferential treatment SLORC is not a responsible govern- lateral sanctions are not as successful not offered to other political prisoners. ment interested in development—it is a in applying pressure to a government When asked when and why the talks corrupt dictatorship driven to protect as an international effort. There are collapsed, this official said, its power and wealth. While people several provisions which address U.S. Last summer when they started to really starve, this regime has spent 45 percent unilateral action including banning in- make money. SLORC realized they could se- vestment, trade, imports, aid and sup- cure their position and their wealth without of its budget on arms. paying any political price. Unlike China, where I believe eco- port through international financial Shortly after she was released, SUU nomic liberalization is benefiting hun- institutions. I also require the Presi- dent to initiate negotiations to secure CHI cautiously welcomed this legisla- dreds of thousands of people and lead- tion saying, ing to political change, only SLORC of- support with our trading partners for international sanctions. Countries fail- These are very tough sanctions. They—the ficials and their cronies benefit in sponsor—have shown they are interested in Burma. I think that is why there is ing to reach agreement on an embargo how the democracy movement progresses. I unanimous support for this legislation will risk their MFN and and GSP sta- am very grateful for it. from Burmese student, ethnic and tus. In July she was reluctant to directly democratic leaders alike. At this point, after years of self-im- call for a ban on investment fearing re- Before talking about the bill, I want posed exile, there is very little foreign taliation by SLORC. Now that months to take just a minute to discuss why I investment in Burma. I am willing to have passed with no progress she has think it is important to move legisla- guess that few nations will be willing taken a tougher stand. In a recent tion at this point. to put their existing trading relation- interview with an Australian journalist As we redefine our priorities in the ship with the United States at risk for she called for a suspension of foreign post-cold-war world, there is an ur- potential future financial gain in investment until real progress on the gency to transnational threats. I put Burma. democratic front has been achieved. international narcotics trafficking and The amendment also requires the ex- I think it is important that we re- crime at the top of my list of concerns. ecutive director at international finan- spect and promote that agenda. Keep- In 1986, 15 percent of the heroin com- cial institutions to vote against loans ing the pressure on SLORC will assure ing into this country was coming from to China if the PRC continues to sell or that her release is translated from a Asia, now it’s 65 percent. Just as im- transfer arms to Burma. The State De- symbolic gesture to freedom and de- portant is the purity. National and partment estimates that SLORC mocracy for all Burmese. local law enforcement officials in Ken- spends 45 percent of their budget on Mr. President, let me conclude by tucky tell me that 10 years ago, heroin weapons—arms used solely to terrorize noting this initiative is supported by a on our streets was 2 to 3 percent pure. their own citizens. wide variety of organizations and indi- Today it’s anywhere from 25 to 65 per- The amendment will also suspend viduals including Nobel Laureate Betty cent pure. United States assistance to Thailand if Williams and Desmond Tutu, the AFL– Heroin trafficking is a serious na- there continues to be a lack of coopera- CIO, the Democratic Burmese Students tional security threat. tion in the provision of relief and sup- Organization, the National Coalition In a Foreign Operations Sub- port to students, refugees, and demo- Government of the Union of Burma, committee hearing I recently asked cratic activists living in exile. Stu- the American Baptist Convention, the the Assistant Secretary of State for dents and leaders have been arbitrarily Asian-American Civic Alliance, and the Asia, Win Lord, several questions on detained, arrested, had their offices United Front for Democracy and Burma, SLORC, and the narcotics broken into and documents removed. Human Rights in Burma. I have also problem. His response offers insight The problems are usually resolved heard from ethnic leaders endorsing into why I think we should press to iso- when various officials are paid so- the approach including ministers rep- late the SLORC. called fees and fines. I am not sug- resenting the Karen, Karenni, and Mon Since SLORC has an enormous secu- gesting that there is a condoned pro- people. I ask unanimous consent to print in the RECORD letters from some rity apparatus with a tight grip on the gram orchestrated by the Thai Govern- ment at work, but I do think there of the these groups. nation, I asked him what were the There being no objection, the letters should be a more serious effort to con- major impediments to an effective were ordered to be printed in the counternarcotics effort. He said, trol the conduct of rogue officials. RECORD, as follows: What is going to solve the problem over The amendment also requires several NATIONAL COALITION GOVERNMENT the long run is a popular, representative reports among which is one on OF THE UNION OF BURMA, OFFICE open government—all other efforts are min- SLORC’s chemical and biological weap- OF THE PRIME MINISTER, uscule compared to whether you have an ons capabilities. In the attacks carried Washington, DC, March 29, 1995. open system there. out last year against various camps, Hon. MITCH MCCONNELL, I agree. thee were a number of eyewitness ac- U.S. Senate, Russell Building, Last November a senior State De- counts of the use of some kind of toxic Washington, DC. partment official issued an ultimatum substance. I understand clothing and DEAR SENATOR MCCONNELL: I have recently to the SLORC—bilateral relations other items have been turned over to learned of your intention to introduce a bill to impose US economic sanctions on Burma. would only improve if there was the U.S. labs for analysis. I earnestly On behalf of the democratically elected gov- progress on human rights, democracy, hope the report advises us that there is ernment of Burma, I am writing to give you and counternarcotics. No one disputes, no reason to believe the SLORC has a my wholehearted support as well as that of inside or outside the administration, CBW capability. my government in your effort. that we have seen a real deterioration Let me conclude with a personal ob- The imposition of sanctions should never on all fronts. Unfortunately, the ad- servation made recently by an Inter- be taken lightly. Any measure designed to constrict the economy of a country will ministration has failed to follow national Red Cross official with years cause some degree of hardship to the people. through. A few weeks ago, Ambassador of experience in Asia. After dragging However, I believe, and the democratic Albright visited Burma. According to their feet for 7 years, the SLORC re- forces working to liberate our country be- news accounts she reiterated the No- cently rejected the ICRC’s request for lieve, that foreign investment serves to

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strengthen the outlaw State Law and Res- impact on the ability of the SLORC to re- UNITED FRONT FOR DEMOCRACY toration Council (SLORC). It is providing press its people and conduct war on groups AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA, SLORC with the means to finance a massive opposed to this illegitimate government. The North Potomac, MD, July 10, 1995. army and intelligence service whose only job withdrawal of the Commercial Officer from Hon. MITCH MCCONNELL, is to crush internal dissent. SLORC controls the U.S. Embassy in Rangoon would further U.S. Senator, all foreign investment into Burma and chan- underscore this message. We also renew our Washington, DC. nels contracts to the military and its party call for the U.S. Government to exert pres- DEAR MR. SENATOR: On behalf of the United Front for Democracy and Human officials. Unlike other countries, investment sure to block development and aid projects Rights in Burma and its affiliated organiza- will not serve to create a middle class of en- of international institutions that benefit the trepreneurs, only reinforce allegiance to a tions such as Burma America Fund, Burma- SLORC. regime that has murdered tens of thousands Canada Society and the United States of Sincerely, of people whose crime was the desire for de- Burma Relief Fund Committee, as well as LANE KIRKLAND, mocracy and to live in a free society. SLORC the people of Burma inside and outside the President. is in desperate need of foreign currency. Cut- country, I wish to convey our most sincere ting off access to US funds will be a severe appreciation of the continuing efforts you blow to SLORC. ASIAN-AMERICAN CIVIC ALLIANCE, have been making for the down-trodden peo- Your decision to move forward on this Ft. Lauderdale, FL, July 10, 1995. ples of Burma. issue will not be popular with the US busi- Hon. Senator MITCH MCCONNELL, In particular, we would like to express our ness community or countries in Europe and U.S. Senate, appreciation of the bill to impose trade and Asia. There are many who place trade and Washington, DC. economic sanctions against the military re- money over Burma’s deplorable narcotics, gime in Burma. We understand that you will DEAR SENATOR: We are very grateful of go ahead with the sanction bill as you said it political, and human rights record. I applaud your great effort which have contributed to- would be more important than ever to main- your courage and will do everything in my wards the release of Aung San Suu Kyl. tain the pressure on the SLORC to fully im- power to see you succeed. The United States has a very special place We hope that you will continue to assist plement the results of the 1990 election, and to restore democracy and human rights to in the hearts of my countrymen. During the bring Democracy in our beloved country, Burma. We agree with you entirely that the massive democracy demonstrations in 1988, Burma. release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi alone students could be seen marching in Rangoon Please continue your most powerful Bill would not solve the problems in Burma, Still carrying American flags and demonstrating against the Military Regime in Burma so there are hundreds of political prisoners in front of the US Embassy. Supporting us in being detained and the military is still con- our struggle is the International Republican that the 43 millions Burmese—every citizen tinuing its reckless campaign against the Institute. This organization funds pro-de- can enjoy the Democracy and human rights in their life time once again over there. ethnic minorities, in particular the Karennis mocracy activities inside Burma. The Bur- with whom the SLORC signed a cease-fire mese people desperately want what Ameri- We support you wholeheartedly. only in March 1995. In violation of the cease- cans have: the ability to live in peace with- With Sincerity and respect, fire agreement, the SLORC sent four battal- out fear of government persecution, respect KYIN HO, M.D., ions into the cease-fire designated area and for human rights, and social justice. Amer- President. fighting is now going on between the SLORC ican ideals will always be a symbol for what troops and the Karennis. we can achieve. OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEAD- While we welcome with great pleasure the I want to personally thank you for your release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the sym- leadership and raising your voice to support QUARTERS, KAREN NATIONAL UNION, bol of Burma’s democracy movement, we feel those who are oppressed. I look forward to that this is just a beginning in the long proc- assisting you in any way possible. Kawthoolei, September 5, 1995. Hon. Senator MCCONNELL, ess of peace-making and restoration of With my highest consideration, human rights and national reconciliation in Yours Sincerely, U.S. Congress, Washington, DC. Burma. With the history of the cunning tac- (SEIN WIN), tics that has been used by the brutal regime, Prime Minister. DEAR SENATOR: We are much impressed we have to wait and see if the SLORC is and encouraged to hear that you are to sub- going to change its ways to bring about gen- AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR mit the bill as intended in Congress next uine democracy and follow a national rec- AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL OR- month, for imposing trade sanctions on onciliation process that will lead to the GANIZATION, Burma. early establishment of a genuine democratic Washington, DC, February 6, 1995. government by immediately transferring the Apart from releasing Daw Amg San Sun Hon. WARREN CHRISTOPER, administration to the elected representa- Kyi from detention, the SLORC has not Secretary of State, U.S. Department of State, tives of the 1990 elections and to form an in- Washington, DC. taken any step for democratic reform. Near- terim government led by Daw Aung San Suu DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I write to you to ex- ly one thousand political prisoners detained Kyi, who is the only Burmese national leader press my strong concerns about the con- unjustly by the SLORC are still in prison. loved and respected by all the peoples of tinuing egregious behavior of the State Law Forced labor, midiscriminate killings and Burma. and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) re- human rights violations are still being com- Until it is definite that the democracy gime of Burma. Directly contradicting its mitted on a wide scale by the SLORC army process is assured, just as in South Africa claims that it seeks peace and national rec- troops. Cease-fire agreements between the after the release of Nelson Mandela, the onciliation, SLORC sent the Burmese army SLORC and the ethnic groups, remain to be sanctions that you proposed should be im- to viciously attack, capture and sack a temporary arrangement without any posed. We are confident that the inter- Manerplaw, the headquarters of the Karen progress toward agreement for lasting peace national community would agree with this people and key base area for many groups, and stability. In the case of Karemi, hos- approach. including the Federation of Trade Unions tilities have broken out again as the SLORC We wish to repeat our wholehearted sup- Burma (FTUB), seeking to restore democ- troops violated the cease-fire terms. port of your efforts and thank you again for racy in Burma. your unrelentless efforts for the cause of de- We believe that the blatant, unprovoked With regard to us. the SLORC has been mocracy and human rights in Burma and attack on Manerplaw is a major setback for avoiding with excuses the materializing of elsewhere in the world. the cause of democracy in Burma and merits talks, while it has been massing 101 battal- Yours sincerely, a strong response from the U.S. Government. ions of troops against our areas. Military op- U BA THAUNG, In the ‘‘two visions’’ policy laid out by Dep- erations have already begun in some of our Chairman. uty Assistant Secretary Hubbard during his areas even when the rainy season is in full visit to Rangoon, the U.S. indicated that, if force. This shows that the SLORC’s so-called HUNTSVILLE, TEXAS, progress by SLORC on issues of democracy ‘‘policy of national reconciliation’’ is only an July 6, 1995. and human rights was not forthcoming, the expedient measure in its attempt to Senator MITCH MCCONNELL, U.S. would renew its campaign to isolate the perpemate the military dictatorship. Russell Office Building, regime. In line with this policy, now is the Washington, DC. time for the U.S. to show, by actions, that it In conclusion, we would like to say that we DEAR SENATOR MCCONNELL: I wish to take is serious. are firm in our support for you with regard this opportunity to offer my support to the Accordingly, we urge the U.S. Government to your effort to have trade sanctions im- initiative you are preparing to undertake on to implement a full trade and investment posed on Burma. We pray for your success behalf of my sister laureate Aung San Suu embargo against Burma. Since most U.S. in- and send our best wishes and regards to you Kyi and the people of Burma. It has been vestment enters Burma through joint ven- and our colleagues. brought to my attention that you intend to tures with SLORC government agencies or Sincerely, introduce legislation on July 11, 1995 which entities wholly controlled by the regime, im- SAW BO MYA, will ban all U.S. foreign investment in plementing sanctions would have a direct President. Burma.

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The letter stated, prepositioning more equipment in Asia Are we going to suspend military co- ‘‘She has endured six long years of solitary is critical to defend our interests. operation with certain NATO allies be- detention without trial at the hands of the If we had not cut the Defense budget cause, according to credible press re- military regime. There is no sign at all of for 11 straight years, perhaps we could ports, some of their troops deployed as her release. We resolutely oppose political afford to preposition such equipment in peacekeepers in Bosnia have engaged oppression disguised as criminal detention.’’ both the Persian Gulf and Korea. But in unprofessional and even heinous Bishop Tutu, in a statement to a forum at we only have the money for one set of acts? the UN Anniversary called for sanctions to be imposed on Burma. equipment, and so we must deploy it in And so, Mr. President, rather than This legislative initiative is long overdue a location where it can swing in a short repeating last year’s mistake by gratu- and will play a critical role in bringing about time to either Korea or the gulf. itously and even mistakenly criticizing a transfer of power to the democratically The United States military—and the the Thai Government, we should cor- elected 1990 representatives, allowing them Thai military—were quite optimistic rect the record. to take their rightful (and legitimate) seats that Thai approval could be obtained Similar considerations apply on the in parliament. for putting these prepo ships off the question of Burmese migrants in Thai- I offer congratulations for implementing shores of Thailand, a long-time ally. this endeavor and hope that your colleagues land. Last year’s foreign operations bill in the Senate will join you in this worthy ef- But the issue became a political hot required a report on ‘‘the Thai Govern- fort which I hope will lead to a political dia- potato in Bangkok and our request was ment’s efforts to impede support for logue and settlement of the Burma conflict denied. Burmese democracy advocates, exiles, and, most importantly, democracy in Burma. The foreign operations provision on and refugees’’ and did so in a way that Most sincerely, IMET and the Khmer Rouge was not seemed to link this issue to the imposi- BETTY WILLIAMS, the only factor in making this politi- tion of conditions on Thailand’s par- Nobel Laureate 1976. cally sensitive in Thailand, but it was ticipation in IMET. AMENDMENT NO. 2754 a factor. I was in Bangkok imme- The bill completely ignored the At an appropriate place in the bill add the diately after the Thai denial and know heavy burden imposed on Thailand’s following new section: that the foreign operations provision economy over a period of many years Sec. . SENSE OF THE SENATE ON THAILAND. drew great attention in the Thai media by the large numbers of Burmese and (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate makes the fol- and great resentment in the Thai Gov- lowing findings— migrants and refugees from other coun- (1) the Royal Thai Government has had a ernment, which unfortunately was ex- tries in the region who have made their policy of not supporting or cooperating with acerbated by similar accusations about way to Thailand. The bill completely the Khmer Rouge; and Thai Government support to the ignored the assistance Thailand is pro- (2) Thailand is host to large numbers of Khmer Rouge from an Australian offi- viding to these migrants and refugees, persons displaced from neighboring coun- cial. as well as Thai facilitation of the as- tries, including Burma, placing a significant Beside contributing to the denial of burden on Thailand’s economy. sistance provided by private and inter- the request to preposition ships, the national relief agencies. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense foreign operations provision nearly led of the Senate that the President should— Mr. President, I would like to quote (1) affirm to the Royal Thai Government Thailand to terminate its support for from some official statements about the support of the United States for that our military advisory group in Thai- Thailand’s treatment of displaced per- Government’s policy not to support or co- land, which is responsible for arranging sons. operate with the Khmer Rouge and encour- Thai purchase of United States-pro- State Department spokewoman age the Royal Thai Government to prosecute duced military equipment. Christine Shelley, January 1995: vigorously its efforts to prevent cooperation The great irony is that the concern between individual members of the Royal about Thai Government support to the It has been Thai policy over the years to provide refuge to displaced persons, includ- Thai Armed forces and the Khmer Rouge; Khmer Rouge is off target. Thai Gov- and ing Burmese, for as long as it is unsafe for (2) take appropriate steps to assist the ernment support for the Khmer Rouge them to return to their place of origin. We Royal Thai Government in providing and fa- was a legitimate concern at one time. commend the Thai for this humanitarian cilitating relief to displaced persons from But well before the foreign operations policy. Burma and other neighboring countries and provision was enacted, the Government The Foreign Minister of Australia, to encourage that Government to fully co- of Thailand adopted a policy of not January 1995: operate in such relief efforts. supporting or cooperating with the Thailand has a good record of sheltering Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, last year, Khmer Rouge. United States officials previous waves of Burma border-crossers. Mr. President, the foreign operations in the best position to know confirm The United Nations High Commis- conference report contained a provi- that the Thai Government has adhered sioner for Refugees’ Representative in sion that caused serious difficulties in to this policy. Thus the Thai Govern- Thailand, January 1995: our relationship with Thailand. ment and the Thai people have a rea- The provision conditioned military Permit me to express to . . . the Royal sonable basis for being upset when ac- Thai Government the international commu- education and training for Thailand cusations are made. nity’s gratitude for the temporary asylum and required a report on the Thai mili- As one Thai official told reporters at and asistance that Thailand is providing in tary’s support for the Khmer Rouge. the time, the border area with (Burma), until such This provision was viewed by in Thai- One has to wonder at the American timing. time as conditions in that country are con- land as a ban on military education They come here asking for a tremendous ducive to the return of the affected popu- and training and an accusation that favor at a time when their Congress is lation in conditions of safety and dignity. the Government of Thailand was pro- threatening us over what we believe to be a A coalition of human rights groups in viding support for the Khmer Rouge. nonissue. Burma and international human rights The provision was, in fact, somewhat I do not mean to suggest that there groups, February 1995: more subtle than that, but this was are no Thai military personnel engag- We thank the Royal Thai Government for nonetheless the perception in Thailand ing in any cooperation with members their magnanimous and benevolent treat- and was the basis for the Thai reaction. of the Khmer Rouge. We can, should, ment of the thousands of Burmese refugees This came at a sensitive time in and are encouraging the Thai Govern- taking shelter on Thai territory. United States-Thai military relations, ment to work energetically to prevent In direct response to the accusations as the United States sought Thai ap- such cooperation by individuals or of Thai Government interference with proval to deploy six Army groups of personnel deployed in the relief to displaced Burmese, Secretary prepositioning ships off the Thai coast field. But our military alliance with of State Christopher earlier this year to support potential combat operations Thailand, the value of which stretches reported to the Congress that: in Korea or the Persian Gulf. As chair-

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Royal Thai Government treatment of Bur- EXTENSION OF TIED AID CREDIT PROGRAM AND that the governments of other nations are mese democracy advocates, exiles, and refu- AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT A DEMONSTRATION implementing moratoria on use of anti- gees is generally humane and in accord with PROJECT personnel landmines similar to the United international norms. The Royal Thai Gov- SEC. . EXTENSION OF TIED AID CREDIT PRO- States moratorium, the President may ex- ernment does not, as a matter of policy or GRAM. tend the period for the United States mora- practice, impede humanitarian support for (a) Section 10(c)(2) of the Export-Import torium for such additional period as the non-combatant Burmese in Thailand. Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635i–3(c)(2)) is President considers appropriate. Thailand may not do everything for amended by striking ‘‘1995’’ and inserting (2) OTHER NATIONS.—It is the sense of Con- the 200,000 Burmese migrants and refu- ‘‘1997’’. gress that the President should actively en- gees that some might like, including (b) Section 10(e) of the Export-Import Bank courage the governments of other nations to allowing the use of Thailand as the Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635i–3(e)) is amended by join the United States in solving the global launching pad for political attacks on a striking ‘‘1993, 1994, and 1995’’ and inserting landmine crisis by implementing moratoria on use of antipersonnel landmines similar to well-armed neighbor with whom Bang- ‘‘1996 and 1997’’. SEC. 102. AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT A DEM- the United States moratorium as a step to- kok has no choice but to maintain a ward the elimination of antipersonnel land- constructive relationship. While it is ONSTRATION PROJECT. (a) Notwithstanding section 4701(a)(1)(A) of mines. easy for to tweek Burmese generals title 5, United States Code, the Export-Im- (d) ANTIPERSONNEL LANDMINE EXPORTS.—It from Washington, the Thais do not port Bank of the United States may conduct is the sense of Congress that, consistent with have a buffer of 12 time zones. a demonstration project in accordance with the United States moratorium on exports of I would also note that Thailand has section 4703 of such title 5. antipersonnel landmines and in order to fur- adhered to the Comprehensive Plan of ther discourage the global proliferation of Action, the U.N.-sponsored plan for AMENDMENT NO. 2756 antipersonnel landmines, the United States Government should not sell, license for ex- handling Vietnamese and other mi- On page 45, line 4, after the word ‘‘funds’’ port, or otherwise transfer defense articles grants and refugees in the region. In insert the following: and services to any foreign government ‘‘Provided further, That of the funds appro- contrast, the 104th Congress has called which, as determined by the President, sells, priated under this heading, not less than the CPA into question, triggering riots exports, or otherwise transfers antipersonnel $1,000,000 shall be made available to at migrant camps across Southeast landmines. UNIFEM. Asia. Yet some think it appropriate for (e) DEFINITIONS.— Congress to freeze United States aid For purposes of this Act: AMENDMENT NO. 2757 and cooperation with Bangkok until it (1) ANTIPERSONNEL LANDMINE.—(A) The improves its treatment of migrants in At the appropriate place, insert the fol- term ‘‘antipersonnel landmine’’ means any Thailand. lowing: munition placed under, on, or near the Throughout Southeast Asia the ques- CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS REVIEW ground or other surface area, delivered by ar- tion of whether America intends to re- (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- tillery, rocket, mortar, or similar means, or main engaged is asked constantly by lowing findings: dropped from an aircraft and which is de- political, business, and military lead- (1) On September 26, 1994, the President de- signed, constructed, or adapted to be deto- ers who must calculate with which big clared that it is a goal of the United States nated or exploded by the presence, prox- to eventually eliminate antipersonnel land- imity, or contact of a person. power to cast their lot. Clearly, Mr. mines. (B) The term ‘‘antipersonnel landmine’’ President, if this is the way we treat (2) On December 15, 1994, the United Na- does not include command detonated Clay- our allies in the region, few will view tions General Assembly adopted a resolution more munitions. us as reliable or even reasonable part- sponsored by the United States which called (2) 1980 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CONVEN- ners. for international efforts to eliminate anti- TION.—The term ‘‘1980 Conventional Weapons Accordingly, Mr. President, I am of- personnel landmines. Convention’’ means the Convention on Pro- fering this amendment. After last (3) According to the Department of State, hibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Cer- year’s mistake by Congress, it would there are an estimated 80,000,000 to 110,000,000 tain Conventional Weapons Which May Be set the record straight by acknowl- unexploded landmines in 62 countries. Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to edging that the Government of Thai- (4) Antipersonnel landmines are routinely Have Indiscriminate Effects, together with used against civilian populations and kill land has had a policy of not supporting the protocols relating thereto, done at Gene- and maim an estimated 70 people each day, va on October 10, 1980. or cooperating with the Khmer Rouge or 26,000 people each year. AMENDMENT NO. 2758 and is host to large numbers of dis- (5) The Secretary of State has noted that placed persons from neighboring coun- landmines are ‘‘slow-motion weapons of mass (Purpose: To extend the authority to admin- tries, placing a significant burden on destruction’’. ister au pair programs through fiscal year the Thai economy. (6) There are hundreds of varieties of anti- 1999.) It also expresses the sense of the Sen- personnel landmines, from a simple type At the appropriate place in the bill, insert ate that the President should affirm to available at a cost of only two dollars to the the following new section: the newly elected Thai Government more complex self-destructing type, and all SEC. lll. EXTENSION OF AU PAIR PROGRAMS. United States support for this Thai landmines of whatever variety kill and maim Section 8 of the Eisenhower Exchange Fel- civilians, as well as combatants, indiscrimi- lowship Act of 1990 is amended in the last policy, established by the last govern- nately. ment, against the Khmer Rouge. It also sentence by striking ‘‘fiscal year 1995’’ and (b) CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CONVENTION inserting ‘‘fiscal year 1998’’. calls on the President to encourage the REVIEW.—It is the sense of Congress that, at Thai Government to vigorously pursue the United Nations conference to review the AMENDMENT NO. 2759 efforts to prevent freelancers in the 1980 Conventional Weapons Convention, in- Funds appropriated by this Act may be ob- military from violating this policy. cluding Protocol II on landmines, that is to ligated and expended notwithstanding sec- With regard to Burmese in Thailand, be held from September 25 to October 13, tion 10 of Public Law 91–672 and section 15 of the amendment would call on the 1995, the President should actively support the State Department Basic Authorities Act President to encourage Thailand to proposals to modify Protocol II that would of 1956: Provided, That this section shall not apply with respect to any accounts for which fully cooperate with relief efforts. And, implement as rapidly as possible the United States goal of eventually eliminating anti- a general authorization of appropriations for since it is not enough to criticize and personnel landmines. fiscal year 1996 is enacted in law on or before cajole, it would call on the President to (c) MORATORIUM ON USE OF ANTIPERSONNEL April 1, 1996. take appropriate steps to assist Thai- LANDMINES.—(1) UNITED STATES MORATO- AMENDMENT NO. 2760 land in such efforts. RIUM.—(A) For a period of one year beginning (Purpose: To limit the availability of funds I believe that this is a more construc- three years after the date of the enactment for the Government of Haiti until certain of this Act, the United States shall not use tive approach than gratuitously and human rights conditions are met, and for antipersonnel landmines except along inter- even erroneously slamming the Thai other purposes) Government, and I hope that it will nationally recognized national borders or in At the end of the last committee amend- help to salve some of the wounds from demilitarized zones within a perimeter marked area that is monitored by military ment, insert the following: last year’s ill-considered provision. personnel and protected by adequate means SEC. lll. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE FOR I urge Senators to support this to ensure the exclusion of civilians. HAITI. amendment. (B) If the President determines, before the (a) LIMITATION—None of the funds appro- AMENDMENT NO. 2755 end of the one year period of the United priated or otherwise made available by this Add the following new Section to Title V: States moratorium under subparagraph (A), Act or any other Act may be furnished to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14071 Government of Haiti until the President de- States sent military forces to restore Mr. President, the American people termines and reports in writing to the Con- President Aristide to Haiti. The pur- have seen more than $2 billion of their gress that— pose of U.S. military intervention was tax dollars go to the Hatian operation. (1) the government of Haiti has conducted to promote democracy and increase ob- or is conducting a thorough and professional All this amendment says is do not send investigation into, and prosecution of those servance of human rights. President any more money to the Hatian Govern- responsible for the murder of Mireille Clinton argued that American national ment unless the President certifies Durocher de Bertin on March 28, 1995, and security interests were at stake in they are not conducting political assas- other possible cases of political or Haiti. I disagreed with President Clin- sinations. The amendment is modeled extrajudicial killings, including the 20 cases ton, and I opposed U.S. military inter- after many similar provisions sup- of ‘‘commando-style executions’’ cited by vention in Haiti. ported by Democrats throughout the the United Nations/Organization of Amer- Many of us were concerned that the 1980’s. In addition to certification on ican States International Civilian Mission in invasion and occupation of Haiti would Haiti on September 12, 1995; political killings by Haitian Govern- not substantially change Haiti, and ment forces, it addresses the issue of (2)(A) the police and security forces of could lead to unnecessary casualties. Haiti are not assassinating or abducting ci- Haitian cooperation with the FBI. On vilians, are not engaging in other acts of vio- We were also concerned that it could be March 28, 1995, a Haitian political oppo- lence directed at civilians, and are control- very difficult to withdraw American nent of President Aristide was killed in ling such activities by elements subject to forces once committed to Haiti. broad daylight. President Clinton We should be clear about what Amer- the control of those forces; or promptly offered the services of the (B) the government of Haiti is inves- ican intervention has achieved—Cedras tigating effectively the members within its and the thugs that ran Haiti for 3 years FBI to investigate the brutal slaying. police and security forces engaged in acts of are gone. Human rights violations have At one time, 20 FBI special agents were violence against civilians, and has put in decreased. The lifting of the economic in Haiti. The result of their efforts— place effective policies to deter and punish embargo on Haiti has resulted in some the Government of Haiti stonewalled, such activities in the future. harassed, and refused cooperation. A (3) the Government of Haiti has actively economic activity, and thanks to the professionalism and bravery of Amer- high-priced Miami law firm suddenly sought and encouraged a law enforcement entered the picture to represent mem- service from outside Haiti to assist and mon- ican Armed Forces, American casual- itor investigators of the Government of Haiti ties have been limited. However, one bers of the Haitian Government forces in their investigation of the murders cited in American soldier, Sgt. 1st Class Greg- that the FBI sought to interview. And section lll(1) above; and ory D. Cardott, 36, was shot to death yesterday, the Government of Haiti re- (4)(A) the Government of Haiti has cooper- January 12 in Gonaives, Haiti. leased four Haitians charged with the ated fully and in a timely fashion with U.S. Mr. President, we should also be crime for ‘‘lack of evidence.’’ This is Federal Bureau of Investigation efforts to in- clear about the lack of success in the not justice, this is an outrage. This is vestigate the murder of Mireille Durocher de not good faith, it is an affront to the Bertin, including providing access to Haitian American intervention in Haiti. The government employees in a manner which stated purpose of American interven- risks undertaken by the men and facilitates prosecution of those responsible tion in Haiti was to restore democ- women of the American Armed Forces for her murder; or racy—not just to restore Aristide, but to democratize Haiti. (B) the Government of Haiti has not co- to restore democracy. Elections have My amendment says enough is operated fully and in a timely fashion with been held, but Haiti has failed the enough. No aid unless our concerns are U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation efforts democratic test. The initial June 25 met. I urge its adoption and ask unani- to investigate the murder of Mireille elections were, by objective accounts, Durocher de Bertin, including providing ac- mous consent that the September 20 cess to Haitian government employees in a deeply flawed. A report from the Carter Reuters article dealing with the death manner which facilitates prosecution of Center and former National Security of Mireille Durocher Bertin and the re- those responsible for her murder, in which Council member Robert Pastor con- lease of the suspects be printed in the case the President shall submit a detailed cluded: ‘‘Of the 13 elections that I have RECORD. accounting of the areas of non-cooperation observed, the June 25 Hatian elections There being no objection, the article and his assessment of all the reasons for were the most disastrous technically, was ordered to be printed in the such non-cooperation by the government of with the most insecure count.’’ Pastor RECORD, as follows: Haiti. further states that he witnessed ‘‘the (b) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after compromise of one-third of the ballot FOUR HAITIAN SUSPECTS FREED FOR LACK OF enactment of this section, the President EVIDENCE shall report to the appropriate committees boxes in Port-au-Prince.’’ Pastor con- of Congress, based on information available cludes that ‘‘the international commu- PORT-AU-PRINCE.—Four people arrested six to him, on the identity or identities of those nity will not help Haiti’s democratic months ago in connection with the killing of responsible for the murder and any subse- process by being silent or dishonest. It a leading opponent of Haitian President quent coverup, and on the status of the Gov- has a responsibility to insist that the Jean-Bertrand Aristide were freed Tuesday ernment of Haiti’s investigation of: for lack of evidence, diplomatic and family parties’ concerns be effectively ad- sources said. (1) the murder of American citizen Richard dressed.’’ The OAS concluded that it Andre Emmanuel on February 13, 1991; Those freed included brothers Eddy and (2) the murders of Bastian Desrosiers, Ste- could not determine whether the elec- Patrick Moise, members of the Front for venson Desrosiers, Jacques Nelio, Pierre tion was free and fair. United Militants, a far-left paramilitary Schiller and Louis Walky on July 26, 1991; The human rights situation in Haiti group with alleged ties to Libya, who were (3) the murder of Reverend Sylvio Claude is not something America should be arrested March 19 for allegedly plotting to on September 17, 1991; proud of. The joint United Nations Or- kill lawyer Mireille Durocher Bertin. (4) the murder of Roger Lanfontant on Sep- ganization of American States Inter- An ardent defender of former military tember 29, 1991; national Civilian Mission in Haiti has chief Lt. Gen. Raoul Cedras, Bertin and a cli- (5) the murder of Antoine Izmery on Sep- identified some 20 cases of ‘‘commando- ent of hers, Eugene Baillergeau, were gunned tember 11, 1993; and down on a busy street in the capital March (6) the murder of Minister of Justice Guy style’’ executions in which theft does 28—nine days after the arrest of the Moise Malary on October 14, 1993. not seem to have been the motive. brothers. (c) HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.—Nothing in Some might argue that Haiti should this section shall be construed to restrict the not be held to a high standard, or that ‘‘It doesn’t mean they are not guilty,’’ said provision of humanitarian or electoral as- there have not been enough killings to a diplomat, who spoke on condition of ano- sistance to the Haitian people by non-gov- nymity. ‘‘But there is just no evidence, no be concerned. I disagree. The standard evidence acceptable in a court of law.’’ ernmental or private voluntary organiza- should be much higher for a country tions. Also freed were Haitian-American Claude (d) WAIVER.—The President may waive the which was invaded and occupied by Douge and his wife Evelyn. American military forces. The Govern- requirements of this section if he determines ‘‘If anything had happened to these people and certifies to the appropriate committees ment of Haiti was put in place by in jail it would have been a huge embarrass- of Congress that it is necessary to facilitate American military power. That makes ment for the government,’’ the diplomat the safe and timely withdrawal of American the situation fundamentally different noted. forces from Haiti. from a country like El Salvador where The spectacular daytime killing prompted Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, it has been we simply provided military assist- alarm among Republicans in the U.S. Con- almost exactly 1 year since the United ance. gress that Aristide, ousted in a 1991 coup,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14072 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 may have sanctioned acts of vengeance Mr. President, the arms embargo has Mr. President, this a Croatian-Amer- against his political opponents since his res- prolonged the war in Bosnia. If it had ican enterprise fund would offer hope toration to office by U.S.-led multinational been lifted 31⁄2 years ago, the war would and opportunity to the average Cro- troops in October. have been over—with far less suffering. atian—whether he or she is a would-be But F.B.I. investigators who arrived in Haiti a day after the double assassination Moreover, a couple weeks of NATO air restauranteur or shopowner. Croatia have not turned up any findings and dip- strikes do not substitute for allowing a has a lot of economic potential—next lomats say there is no evidence linking sovereign nation to defend itself. This year should be a big year for Croatia’s Aristide to a recent string of professional- issue may be delayed, but cannot be tourist industry, in particular. style murders. avoided. I would also like to point out that The decision to release the four detainees I hope that my colleagues will sup- the Croatian-American community in came a few days after two former army sup- port this measure, as they have sup- the United States has distinguished porters, imprisoned on charges of plotting to ported lifting the arms embargo on itself in many business sectors and will destabilize the government during pre-Lent- Bosnia. en carnival celebrations, were also freed for prove to be a rich source of support and lack of evidence. AMENDMENT NO. 2762 expertise for the Croatian-American Observers said the government was re- (Purpose: To establish the Croatian-Amer- enterprise fund. sponding to pressures from human rights ican Enterprise Fund and make available Mr. President, I believe that the time groups and Republicans in Congress who funds to support the Fund) is right for establishing this fund and I have repeatedly threatened to cut aid to the At the appropriate place in the bill, insert urge my colleagues to support it. Aristide government. the following new section: AMENDMENT NO. 2763 AMENDMENT NO. 2761 SEC. . CROATIAN-AMERICAN ENTERPRISE FUND. (a) DESIGNATION OF FUND.—The President (Purpose: To increase the total value of de- (Purpose: To earmark funds for humani- shall designate a private, nonprofit organiza- fense articles and defense services which tarian assistance to the former Yugo- tion as eligible to receive funds and support may be transferred to the Government of slavia) pursuant to this section with respect to Cro- Bosnia and Hercegovina under the legisla- Before the period at the end of the heading atia in the same manner and with the same tion) entitled ‘‘INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSIST- limitations as set forth in section 201(d) of In subsection (b) of the section entitled ANCE’’, insert the following: ‘‘: Provided, That the Support for East European Democracy of the amount appropriated under this head- ‘‘AUTHORITY TO ASSIST BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA’’, (SEED) Act of 1989. Such organization shall strike ‘‘$50,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. ing, $40,000,000 should be available only for be known as the ‘‘Croatian-American Enter- emergency humanitarian assistance to the Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I offer an prise Fund’’. former Yugoslavia, of which amount not less (b) APPLICATION OF SEED ACT.—Except as amendment which would amend Sec- than $6,000,000 shall be available only for hu- otherwise specifically provided in this sec- tion 540(b) to increase the Department manitarian assistance to Kosova’’. tion, the provisions contained in section 201 of Defense draw down authority in this of the Support for East European Democracy Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I offer an bill for Bosnia and Herzegovina from (SEED) Act of 1989 (excluding the authoriza- amendment which would earmark $40 $50 million to $100 million. I am joined tions of appropriations provided in sub- million for emergency humanitarian by the distinguished chairman of the section (b) of that section) shall apply to the assistance to the former Yugoslavia Foreign Relations Committee, and the Croatian-American Enterprise Fund. The of- with no less than $6 million of that distinguished Senator from Con- ficers, members, or employees of the Cro- atian-American Enterprise Fund shall enjoy amount for Kosova. necticut, Senator LIEBERMAN. This au- While there is some new optimism thority could be exercised pursuant to the same status under law that is applicable to officers, members, or employees of the En- about the prospects for a settlement in either a lifting of the United Nations terprise Funds for Poland and Hungary under Bosnia and Herzegovina, the humani- arms embargo on Bosnia or a unilat- the Support for East European Democracy tarian situation remains grim for large eral lifting of the United States arms (SEED) Act of 1989. segments of the population of the embargo. (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—(1) former Yugoslavia. Winter is fast ap- Mr. President, there is no doubt that There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section, in proaching. Life in Sarajevo is still one the majority—an overwhelming major- of minimum subsistence. Gorazde is a ity—of the United States Congress sup- addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $12,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 large refugee camp surrounded by hos- ports lifting the arms embargo on Bos- to fund the Croatian-American Enterprise tile forces. Thousands of refugees are nia. And there should be no doubt that Fund established under subsection (a). flooding the town of Banja Luka. some time in the not so distant future (2) Funds appropriated under this sub- The bottom line is that even if a the arms embargo will be lifted. Under section are authorized to remain available peace settlement were signed tomor- what circumstances, I am not certain. until expended. row, the humanitarian situation in It will depend on developments over (d) APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the funds appro- Bosnia would not repair itself over- the next couple of weeks. priated or otherwise made available by this Act under the heading entitled ‘‘ASSISTANCE night—nor over the next few weeks and Nevertheless, we need to be prepared FOR EASTERN EUROPE AND THE BALTIC months. The humanitarian crisis will to provide the Bosnians with meaning- STATES’’, $12,000,000 shall be available only to remain with us for the foreseeable fu- ful military assistance—whether in the support the Croatian-American Fund estab- ture. context of continued fighting or as part lished by subsection (a). Furthermore, a peace settlement of a settlement. In spite of the recent Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise to administration euphoria over prospects along the lines pursued by the adminis- offer an amendment, together with the tration would not address Kosova—a for peace, according to news reports distinguished Senator from Utah [Sen- today the Bosnian Serbs violated the serious error from my perspective. In ator HATCH] which would create an en- Kosova, 2 million Albanians continue no-fly zone and conducted air strikes terprise fund for Croatia and makes on Bosnian and Croat positions. These to live as they have for the past 6 available $12 million for that purpose. years—under martial law, without jobs planes reportedly came from Banja Much has changed in Croatia over and without enough food and medicine. Luka airfield—which escaped the wrath the past few months. Less than 5 per- And so, I believe that we must do of the NATO bombing campaign. The cent of Croatian territory is not under what we can to ensure that the people fact is that the war is not over. the Government’s control. As a result, of the former Yugoslavia, particularly Passage of this measure will also fa- the number of displaced persons is rap- in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosova, cilitate Senate consideration of the idly dwindling. Multilateral Bosnia and Herzegovina It seems to me that with the situa- are provided with food and medicine to Self-Defense Fund—introduced by tion in Croatia normalizing, with the relieve their suffering. Chairman HELMS—which would create return of displaced persons to their I trust that my colleagues will sup- a multilateral fund for contributions hometowns and villages, that an enter- port this amendment. from the United States and other coun- prise fund could make a significant AMENDMENT NO. 2764 tries for the defense of Bosnia. These contribution to Croatia’s economy. (Purpose: To impose sanctions against contributions of equipment or financial Moreover, it would do so in a way that countries harboring war criminals) aid would be held in a U.S. chaired fund would promote free enterprise and a At the appropriate place in the bill, insert until the U.S. arms embargo is lifted. market economy—American values. the following new section:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14073 SEC. . SANCTIONS AGAINST COUNTRIES HAR- horrors of starving and tortured Bos- the exception of humanitarian or ref- BORING WAR CRIMINALS. nian Moslems herded into concentra- ugee assistance—to activities in the (a) BILATERAL ASSISTANCE.—Assistance may not be provided in any fiscal year under tion camps at Manjaca and Omarska. territory of the Bosniac-Croat Federa- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the CNN brought the haunting images of tion. Arms Export Control Act for any country de- the Rwandan genocide into our living The purpose of this amendment is scribed in subsection (c). rooms. two-fold: to induce Bosnia to remain (b) MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.—The Sec- These crimes against humanity can- unified and to guard against United retary of the Treasury shall instruct the not be swept aside or forgotten. We States assistance falling into the hands United States executive directors of the cannot pretend not to know the truth. of war criminals. international financial institutions each fis- And because we know the truth, we cal year to work in opposition to, and vote The fact is that the recently con- against, any extension by such institutions have a duty to do all we can to bring cluded ‘‘Agreed principles’’ recognizes of financing or financial or technical assist- those responsible to justice. two entities: the Bosniac-Croat Federa- ance to any country described in subsection The International War Crimes Tri- tion and a Bosnian Serb Republic. (c). bunal for the former Yugoslavia, under There is no agreement on a super- (c) SANCTIONED COUNTRIES.—A country de- the able leadership of Justice structure to unite these entities. The scribed in this subsection is a country the Goldstone of South Africa, has already goal of the Bosnian Serb leadership has government of which permits entry into or handed down a number of indict- been to break away from the Republic presence in the territory of such country to ments—to include Gen. Ratko Mladic, any person— of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are (1) who has been indicted by the Inter- the commander of Bosnian Serb forces no signs that this goal has been aban- national Criminal Tribunal for the former and Radovan Karadzic, the leader of doned nor are there any indications Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tri- the Bosnian Serbs. However, the tri- that recognizing a Bosnian Serb repub- bunal for Rwanda, or any other international bunal does not have the means to pur- lic is not just an interim step toward a tribunal with similar standing under inter- sue these indicted. It is up to the coun- Greater Serbia. national law, or tries where these indicted war crimi- (2) who has been indicted for war crimes or Furthermore, there are no guaran- nals reside to turn them over. tees or provisions in the ‘‘Agreed prin- crimes against humanity committed during Mr. President, the provisions of this the period beginning March 23, 1933 and end- ciples’’ to ensure that the Bosnian Serb ing on May 8, 1945 under the direction of, or legislation would apply not only to war republic will not have at its helm in- in association with— criminals indicted by the International dicted war criminals such as Radovan (A) the Nazi government of Germany; War Crimes Tribunals for the former Karadzic and General Mladic. So, if we (B) any government in any area occupied Yugoslavia and Rwanda, but to any in- do not make some provision in this leg- by the military forces of the Nazi govern- dividuals indicted for war crimes—in- ment of Germany; islation to take this possibility into ac- cluding Nazi war criminals. count, United States assistance could (C) any government which was established I want to bring to my colleagues at- end up in the hands of those indicted with the assistance or cooperation of the tention that one of the most notorious Nazi government of Germany; or by the International War Crimes Tri- Nazi war criminals, Alois Brunner, is (D) any government which was an ally of bunal for the former Yugoslavia. the Nazi government of Germany. still alive and believed to be residing in Mr. President, I believe that this leg- (d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— Syria—where he went around 1955. islation sends a strong message of sup- (1) the term ‘‘international financial insti- Brunner is the former aide to Adolf tutions’’ includes the International Bank for port for a unified Bosnia and Eichman and has been blamed for the Herzegovina, while protecting United Reconstruction and Development, the Inter- deaths of 100,000 to 120,000 Jews and national Development Association, the States interests. My office has been in International Monetary Fund, the European 60,000 non-Jews. His job was to ship contact with the Serb members of the Bank for Reconstruction and Development, prisoners under his charge to con- Bosnian Presidency and they have indi- the International Finance Corporation, the centration camps. If it is true that cated their support for this measure. In Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, Brunner is residing in Syria, then the Inter-American Development Bank, the their view, this amendment if adopted Syria would be subject to the sanctions will not only encourage Bosnian Serbs Inter-American Investment Corporation, the under this legislation. African Development Bank, the African De- I hope that all of my colleagues will to remain in Bosnia, but will prevent velopment Fund, and the Asian Development support this legislation. Passing this United States assistance from being Bank; and used to shore up the leadership posi- (2) the term ‘‘war crime’’ includes any of- measure will send a strong message to war criminals that there are few places tions of Bosnian Serb separatists and fense which is— war criminals. (A) a grave breach of any of the four Gene- of safe refuge for them. It will also va Conventions for the Protection of War send the message to countries that pro- I hope that all of my colleagues will Victims of August 12, 1949; vide sanctuary to individuals indicted support this measure. (B) a violation of the Hague Convention for crimes against humanity, that AMENDMENT NO. 2766 (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of there is a significant price to pay. At an appropriate place in the bill in- War on Land of October 18, 1907, or the Regu- sert the following new section: lations annexed thereto; AMENDMENT NO. 2765 (C) a violation of the Convention on the (Purpose: To limit the use of funds for Bos- ‘‘SEC. . RUSSIAN COMPLIANCE WITH THE CFE nia and Herzegovina (other than for ref- TREATY AND PRIORITIES FOR MODI- Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of FYING EXISTING ARMS CONTROL Genocide of December 9, 1948; or ugee or disaster assistance) to activities in TREATIES. (D) a violation of the Charter of the Inter- the territory of the Bosniac-Croat Federa- ‘‘It is the sense of the Senate that— national Military Tribunal of August 8, 1945. tion) ‘‘(a) the failure by the Russian Federation Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I offer an On page 121, after line 24, insert the fol- to meet any obligation under the Treaty of amendment which I believe is of great lowing new section: the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe significance—and reflects our commit- LIMITATION ON FUNDS TO THE TERRITORY OF shall constitute non-compliance with the ment to the pursuit of justice around THE BOSNIAC-CROAT FEDERATION. Treaty; the world. SEC. 605. Funds appropriated by this Act ‘‘(b) the United States should insist on full This amendment would penalize any for activities in the internationally-recog- compliance by the Russian Federation with nized borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina all of the obligations of the Treaty on Con- country that permits entry into or per- (other than refugee and disaster assistance ventional Armed Forces in Europe; mits the presence of any person in- and assistance for restoration of infrastruc- ‘‘(c) the Treaty on Conventional Armed dicted for war crimes. Very simply, ture, to include power grids, water supplies Forces in Europe provides adequate means this amendment would prohibit U.S. bi- and natural gas) may only be made available by which the Russian Federation can meet lateral assistance or support for multi- for activities in the territory of the Bosniac- its claimed military requirements for treaty- lateral assistance from international Croat Federation. limited equipment in the flank zone defined financial institutions to any country Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise to by Article V of the Treaty, including move- offer an amendment, together with the ment of equipment within the flank zone, that provides sanctuary to war crimi- temporary deployment of additional equip- nals. distinguished senator from Delaware, ment to the flank zone, and the temporary Over the past 3 years, we have been Senator BIDEN, which would limit the removal of equipment from designated per- witnesses to crimes against humanity. availability for United States assist- manent storage sites located in the flank Courageous journalists revealed the ance to Bosnia and Herzegovina—with zone; and’’.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14074 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 AMENDMENT NO. 2767 of the United Nations set forth in the United This amendment has two key ele- Purpose: To require the submission to Con- Nations Charter; ments. First, it states sense of Con- gress of a plan making recommendations (C) the increased cooperation, and the gress that the United States should elimination of duplication, among United for a strategic reorganization of the United lead an effort to develop and imple- Nations Nations agencies and programs; (D) the consolidation of the United Nations ment reforms of the United Nations, On page 121, after line 24, add the following technical cooperation activities between the and it outlines several specific reform new section: United Nations Headquarters and the offices proposals that should be considered. PLAN RECOMMENDING A STRATEGIC RE- of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzer- This not intended to be an exhaustive ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NA- land, including the merger of the technical list but rather to outline several pro- TIONS cooperation functions of the United Nations posals that are of particular concern. Development Program (UNDP), the United SEC. ll. (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARD- Second, it requires that the President ING UNITED NATIONS REFORM.—It is the sense Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the of Congress that— United Nations Environmental Program submit to Congress along with his fis- (1) the 50th anniversary of the United Na- (UNEP), the United Nations Industrial De- cal year 1997 budget a plan recom- tions provides an important opportunity for velopment Organization (UNIDO), the Inter- mending a strategic reorganization of a comprehensive review of the strengths and national Fund for Agricultural Development the United Nations. It also requires weaknesses of the United Nations and for the (IFAD), the United Nations Capital Develop- that Congress be closely consulted as identification and implementation of ment Fund (UNCDF), and the United Nations the administration develops this plan. changes in the United Nation that would im- Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM); prove its ability to discharge effectively the (E) the consolidation of the United Nations Mr. President, I long have had a keen objectives of the United Nations set forth in emergency response mechanism by merging interest in reforming the United Na- the United Nations Charter; the emergency functions of relevant United tions. This is an effort I have under- (2) the structure of the United Nations sys- Nations agencies, including the United Na- taken with colleagues in both Houses tem, which has evolved over 50 years, should tions Children’s Fund, the World Food Pro- and on both sides of the aisle. I believe be subject to a comprehensive review in gram, and the Office of the United Nations it is imperative that we start to bring High Commissioner for Refugees; order to identify the changes to the system together the many divergent voices that will best serve the interests of the (F) a substantial reduction in, or elimi- United States and of the international com- nation of, the cost and number of inter- calling for U.N. reform and develop a munity; national conferences sponsored by the single, responsible agenda for reform (3) the United States, as the strongest United Nations; that all Americans can support. member state of the United Nations, should (G) a significant strengthening of the ad- The language I propose today is a lead this comprehensive review; ministrative and management capabilities of the Secretary General of the United Nations, small step, but I believe it will help us (4) reforms that produce a smaller, more advance toward the goal of reaching focused, more efficient United Nations with including a cessation of the practice of re- clearly defined missions are in the interest serving top Secretariat posts for citizens of consensus on what reforms we believe of the United States and of the United Na- particular countries; the United Nations must undertake. I tions; (H) a significant increase in the openness urge my colleagues to support this (5) the United States should develop a uni- to the public of the budget decision-making amendment. procedures of the United Nations; and fied position in support of reforms at the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United Nations that are broadly supported (I) the establishment of a truly inde- by both the legislative branch and the execu- pendent inspector general at the United Na- objection, the amendments are agreed tive branch; tions; and to, en bloc. (4) include proposals to coordinate and im- (6) the need for reform of the United Na- So the amendments (Nos. 2734 plement proposals for reform of the United tions is urgent; and through 2767) were agreed to. (7) the failure to develop and implement Nations such as those proposals set forth in promptly a strategic reorganization of the the communique of the 21st annual summit Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I United Nations will result in a continued of the Heads of State and Government of the move to reconsider the vote. diminution of the relevance of the United seven major industrialized nations and the Mr. LEAHY. I move to lay that mo- President of the European Commission at Nations to United States foreign policy and tion on the table. to international politics generally. Halifax, Nova Scotia, dated June 15–17, 1995. (b) UNITED NATIONS REORGANIZATION Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I The motion to lay on the table was PLAN.— rise today to offer an amendment to agreed to. (1) REQUIREMENT FOR PLAN.—The President help focus our approach to reform of MICROENTERPRISE PROGRAMS shall submit to Congress, together with the the United Nations and to ensure that Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I budget submitted pursuant to section 1105 of Congress is fully involved in adminis- title 31, United States Code, for fiscal year would like to engage the distinguished 1997, a plan recommending a strategic reor- tration initiatives on this important chairman of the Appropriations Sub- ganization of the United Nations. matter. committee on Foreign Operations, Sen- This amendment is identical to lan- (2) REQUIREMENT RELATING TO DEVELOP- ator MCCONNELL, and the distinguished guage that was included in S. 908, the MENT.—The President shall develop the plan ranking member of the subcommittee, in consultation with Congress. State Department authorization bill, Senator LEAHY, in a colloquy on micro- (3) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan should in- except I have deleted a paragraph, to enterprise programs and H.R. 1868, the clude the elements described in subsection which the administration objected, fiscal year 1996 Foreign Operations, Ex- (c) and such other recommendations as may which would have called for a review of port Financing, and Related Programs be necessary to achieve the efficient, cost-ef- potential amendments to the U.N. fective conduct of the responsibilities of the appropriation bill. United Nations. Charter. The amendment before us fo- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, (c) CONTENTS OF REORGANIZATION PLAN.—It cuses exclusively on reforms that can is the sense of the Congress that the reorga- be achieved without opening the char- Senator LEAHY and I would be happy to nization plan required by subsection (b)(1) ter to amendment. discuss the provisions in the appropria- should— The administration has welcomed tions bill regarding microenterprise (1) constitute a comprehensive statement this initiative generally and has not programs with the Democratic leader, of United States policy toward reform of the opposed other provisions of this amend- Senator DASCHLE. United Nations; (2) set forth an agenda to implement the ment, which was accepted in the man- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, before reforms set forth in the plan in a timely ager’s amendment to S. 908. When Con- discussing the fiscal year 1996 Foreign manner; gressman LEE HAMILTON and I outlined Operations appropriations bill, I would (3) include specific proposals to achieve— our thoughts on U.N. reform earlier like to express my sincere appreciation (A) a substantial reduction in the number this year, we were strongly encouraged for the support the chairman and the of agencies within the United Nations sys- by the support we received from many ranking member have given micro- tem, including proposals to consolidate, different quarters, including from the enterprise lending programs in the abolish, or restructure mechanisms for fi- White House and from the majority past. Their leadership in this regard nancing agencies of the United Nations that have a low priority; leader, Senator DOLE. My hope is that has made it possible for microenter- (B) the identification and strengthening of this amendment will provide a frame- prise programs to improve the lives of the core agencies of the United Nations sys- work for building a broad-based con- millions of poor people around the tem that most directly serve the objectives sensus on U.N. reform. world.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14075 Mr. President, I understand the fiscal this matter and would like to assure estinians satisfactorily resolved ques- year 1996 Foreign Operations appro- the Democratic leader that we will do tions that had been raised about exist- priations bill, as approved by the Ap- everything we can to include these rec- ing Palestinian institutions in Jeru- propriations Committee, does not des- ommendations into the conference re- salem. The amendment included in the ignate a specific level of support for port. bill would deny assistance to the PLO microenterprise poverty programs. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I want if it were to fund a new office in Jeru- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the to thank the chairman and the ranking salem that did not conform to Israeli- Senator is correct. In an effort to member of the Appropriations Sub- Palestinian agreements and under- maximize the President’s flexibility, committee on Foreign Operations for standings. A second amendment in- the committee recommended the con- their clarification and assurances. cluded in the bill requires the PLO to solidation of a number of bilateral eco- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I cooperate fully with the United States nomic assistance accounts including would like to begin by commending my on the provision of information on U.S. microenterprise poverty programs. colleagues the chairman of the sub- nationals known to have been held by Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, although committee, Senator MCCONNELL, and the PLO or its factions. This amend- the committee did not designate spe- the ranking member, Senator LEAHY, ment would cut off U.S. assistance if cific earmarks for microenterprise pov- for their efforts on this bill. the PLO is not responsive to further, erty programs, I would point out that While I am not pleased with the de- specific U.S. requests for information the report accompanying the bill in- creasing funding allocation for foreign that may be in its possession. cludes language reaffirming the com- aid operations, I understand the reality Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, in our mittee’s strong support for the pro- we face with regard to all of our discre- Nation’s continuing efforts to balance gram’s efforts to encourage micro and tionary spending. I support bringing the budget, calls to slash foreign as- small business as a means to help the our budget into balance and believe we sistance are frequently heard. I will truly poor transition out of poverty. must make sacrifices to achieve this take a few moments today to explain Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the end. ranking member is correct. The com- my thoughts on the importance of our However, I continue to believe that foreign assistance programs and the mittee—on a bipartisan basis—agrees foreign aid serves important U.S. inter- that these programs promote sustain- continuing need for U.S. leadership ests. We have much more work ahead around the world. able, market-base development at rel- as we try to build basic health, edu- It must be understood that foreign atively little cost and deserve our sup- cation, and welfare infrastructures in assistance is only a minuscule fraction port. the developing world. Of course, this of the Federal budget—less than 1 Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, it is cannot be an isolated U.S. effort. We penny of every dollar spent by the Gov- also my understanding that the com- must continue to work with our friends ernment is used for foreign assistance. mittee included language in the bill and allies throughout the world to ex- And since the end of World War II, the that requires a proportional allocation pand global development efforts. share of the Federal budget dedicated for accounts consistent with levels en- My opposition to the military aid in to foreign assistance has consistently acted in fiscal year 1995. this bill remains firm. The United Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, that is declined. Foreign assistance is not States should be ashamed by the level correct. The committee recommends busting the Federal budget. That is a of arms sales included year after year approximately $2.1 billion for tradi- simple fact. Those who believe that we in this bill. I would much rather see tional bilateral aid, which is approxi- can balance the budget painlessly over- this money go toward development as- mately 16 percent less than the level night by slashing foreign assistance are sistance. appropriated for fiscal year 1995. To en- Funding for international family simply wrong. sure that no single account sustains an planning assistance continues to be one What do we get for the 1 percent of unreasonable share of reductions, the of my priorities. I have included an the budget we invest in foreign assist- committee included language in the earmark for the central office or core ance? In my view, our meager invest- bill that requires a proportional alloca- funding for AID Office of Population. ment has yielded incalculably valuable tion among accounts consistent with This earmark will ensure the continued returns. Through foreign assistance, we appropriated levels in fiscal year 1995. success of AID’s population program, have promoted peace and stability It flows from that premise that, as the which is arguably the best in the throughout the world and avoided committee report states, microenter- world. Over the past 30 years, this pro- countless wars and their tremendous prise poverty programs deserve support gram has been adjusted and finetuned human and financial costs. substantially consistent with last For example, in the Middle East—one year’s level. time and again so that it runs as effi- ciently and effectively as it does today. of the most explosive regions of the Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ap- world—our commitment to a strong preciate knowing that the committee In addition, I am pleased by the level and secure Israel and our dedication to continues to support microenterprise of funding for migration and refugee the framework established in the Camp programs and included bill language assistance. Worldwide, we continue to David accords has been a major con- protecting development assistance see a rise in the number of refugees tributor to the peace process now un- from disproportional cuts. As a long- fleeing ethnic strife, civil war, and po- derway. time proponent of microenterprise pro- litical persecution. The United States grams, I would like to encourage the must retain a strong commitment to Through our foreign assistance pro- chairman and the ranking member to providing for the protection and care of grams, we have shown unequivocally do everything they can to maintain ap- these refugees. that the United States strongly sup- propriate funding for these programs It is my hope that the Senate will act ports the State of Israel as a friend, fel- when they go to conference with the quickly to pass this bill and conference low democracy, and key strategic ally. House. with the House so that we can get it on We have sent the equally important I would also encourage Senate con- the President’s desk as soon as pos- message to Israel’s neighbors that they ferees to insist on conference report sible. will be welcomed into the community language reflecting that commitment MEPFA AMENDMENTS of nations if they are willing to make as well as encouraging AID to allocate Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, the bill peace. That was the spirit of the Camp one-half of microenterprise resources also includes several floor amendments David accords. to poverty lending programs that pro- to the Middle East Peace Facilitation More recently, Israel has reached vide loans of less than $300 and to chan- Act of 1995. One relates to Palestinian major agreements with Jordan and the nel up to $39 million through central Authority offices in Jerusalem. Under Palestinians. Each of these historic mechanisms structured to meet the the Israel-Palestinian agreements, the agreements was reached with the as- goals of nongovernmental organiza- Palestinian Authority may only main- sistance of U.S. facilitators and the tions like the Grameen Trust. tain offices in the areas under its juris- promise of our development assistance. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, diction, which do not include Jeru- Without the promise of foreign assist- Senator LEAHY and I have discussed salem. Recently, Israel and the Pal- ance, it is possible that none of these

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 important agreements would have been FOREIGN OPERATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE—Continued UNFPA has proven its expertise in reached. [Spending totals—Senate-reported bill (fiscal year 1996, in millions of this area since its founding in 1969, in- The bill before the Senate today dollars] creasing availability of contraceptives wisely builds upon the peace process by in the developing world, reducing popu- Budget Outlays earmarking funds for our Camp David authority lation growths, and saving lives. I be- partners. Also the bill includes a new Subtotal mandatory ...... 12,300 5,841 lieve that U.S. contributions to the legislative provision, the Middle East U.N. Fund for Population Activities is Peace Facilitation Act of 1995, which Adjusted bill total ...... 24,668 19,632 will enable the administration to con- appropriate and wise, and I oppose this Senate Subcommittee 602(b) allocation: attempt to prevent funding to be used tinue to play an active role in the Mid- Defense discretionary ...... dle East peace process. Nondefense discretionary ...... 12,368 13,918 for this purpose. Violent crime reduction trust fund ...... For these and other reasons, I urge Mandatory ...... 44 44 Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, this for- my colleagues to support this bill. eign operations appropriations bill, to- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise Total allocation ...... 12,412 13,962 taling $12.3 billion, is 16.5 percent in support of H.R. 1868, the foreign op- Adjusted bill total compared to Senate Sub- below the President’s request of $15.2 erations, export financing, and related committee 602(b) allocation: Defense discretionary ...... billion. In most respects, it represents agencies bill for fiscal year 1996. Nondefense discretionary ...... ¥127 I am pleased to join the committee in Violent crime reduction trust fund ...... a substantial change from previous for- supporting the passage of this bill by Mandatory ...... 12,256 5,797 eign operations bills. Bilateral eco- the full Senate. Total allocation ...... 12,256 5,670 nomic assistance is cut 22 percent Mr. President, the foreign operations Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Totals adjusted for below the President’s request. U.S. appropriations bill provides $12.3 bil- consistency with current scorekeeping conventions. contributions to multilateral develop- lion in budget authority and $5.9 bil- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I ment banks are cut by 43 percent from lion in new outlays to operate the pro- am pleased that the Senate Appropria- the fiscal year 1996 request. While grams of the Department of State, ex- tions Committee has wisely earmarked harsh, these cuts are in keeping with port and military assistance, bilateral $350 million for the Office of Popu- the other deep and painful cuts being and multilateral economic assistance, lation at the U.S. Agency for Develop- and related agencies for fiscal year made in most other appropriations ment because I understand the extreme bills that fund vital domestic pro- 1996. importance of family planning program When outlays from prior-year budget grams. availability and population assistance. authority and other completed actions Investment in population assistant In one important respect, however, are taken into account, the Senate bill programs today will save us from much this foreign aid appropriations bill has totals $12.3 billion in BA and $13.8 bil- more costly investments in the future not changed to reflect either the cur- lion in outlays for fiscal year 1996. when unchecked population growth re- rent difficult budget realities or the The bill is at the subcommittee’s sults in environmental deterioration, 602(b) allocation for budget authority changing world situation. Assistance scarcity of resources, and pronounced and $127.2 million in outlays below the to Israel and Egypt, and particularly to economic hardship. Overpopulation is subcommittee’s section 602(b) alloca- Israel, remains constant. In fiscal year one of the most serious problems our tion. It is $2.4 billion in BA and $0.5 bil- 1995, Israel received over one-third of world faces today. lion in outlays below the President’s the total foreign aid appropriation of Reducing spending in these areas will budget request. It is $442.5 million in $14.4 billion. Israel’s $5.0 billion in for- have the immediate effect of nega- BA and $13.4 million in outlays above eign aid from the United States in- tively impacting, in a serious way, the the House-passed bill. health and well-being of women and cluded $1.2 billion in economic support I want to thank the distinguished children. funds—a direct cash infusion to the chairman and ranking member of the However, I oppose the attempt to Israeli Government’s coffers—$1.8 bil- full Appropriations Committee, as well prevent these U.S. funds deemed for lion in foreign military financing as my friends on the subcommittee, for population planning assistance from grants; $80 million in refugee settle- deleting a provision in the bill that in- contributing to the United Nations ment grants; $2.0 billion in loan guar- cluded a directive with respect to the Fund for Population Activities antees; $10 million in cooperative de- budget scoring of the bill. This action prevents this bill from [UNFPA]. I would like to emphasize a velopment grants—for Israel’s foreign being subject to two points of order few particulars about this inter- aid programs to other countries; and under the Congressional Budget Act, national organization. $3.5 million in regional cooperative as- UNFPA is the primary multilateral and I am certain it will expedite con- sistance funds. This total does not in- organization providing global family sideration of this important bill. clude other funds and programs, pri- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- planning and population assistance marily contained within the Depart- sent that a table displaying the Budget programs. UNFPA directly manages ment of Defense appropriations bill, Committee scoring of this bill be print- one-third of the world’s population as- that also benefit Israel’s military, se- sistance to developing countries; its ed in the RECORD, and I urge the adop- curity, and military research and de- work has saved countless numbers of tion of the bill. velopment programs. There being no objection, the table lives since its inception. was ordered to be printed in the Programs managed by UNFPA im- Fiscal year 1996, the request for RECORD, as follows: prove the quality and safety of contra- Israel includes $1.2 billion in economic ceptives available to women which con- support funds, $1.8 billion in military FOREIGN OPERATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE tributes to reducing the incidence of assistance, $80 million for refugee as- [Spending totals—Senate-reported bill (fiscal year 1996, in millions of abortion. UNFPA does not support sistance, $10 million for cooperative de- dollars] abortion or abortion-related activities. velopment grants, $3.5 million for re- UNFPA helps improve women’s re- gional cooperative assistance, and up Budget Outlays authority productive health and provides both to $200 million in excess defense equip- maternal and child heath care—basic Nondefense discretionary: ment. Because of the Camp David Ac- health care services which are largely Outlays from prior-year BA and other actions cords that established peace between completed ...... 68 7,950 unavailable throughout the developing H.R. 1868, as reported to the Senate ...... 12,300 5,841 Israel and Egypt in 1978, Egypt also Scorekeeping adjustment ...... world. I am dismayed by opponents of benefits from United States largess to Subtotal nondefense discretionary ...... 12,368 13,791 UNFPA who wrongly submit that this Israel. The Camp David Accords were Mandatory: organization is involved in providing followed by a foreign aid funding equa- Outlays from prior-year BA and other actions tion that also rewards Egypt, but to a completed ...... abortion services in China or other- H.R. 1868, as reported to the Senate ...... 12,300 5,841 wise. This is simply not the case. Let lesser degree. In fiscal year 1996, Egypt Adjustment to conform mandatory programs with will receive $1.3 billion in foreign mili- Budget ...... 0 0 me state again, UNFPA is not involved in abortion services anywhere. tary financing grants, $815 million in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14077 economic support funds, and an ear- AMENDMENT NO. 2760 held in Haiti were virtually zero. Only mark for a telecommunications Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I want to after President Clinton’s courageous project. put some perspective on the amend- decision last October to return Presi- While peace between Israel and Egypt ment that has just been offered by Sen- dent Aristide to office did the possi- was and remains important, and while ator DOLE with respect to Haiti. First, bility of elections become a real op- the United States-Israel relationship I say without equivocation that I be- tion. remains close, I must question the wis- lieve that the President’s policy with The newly returned Aristide adminis- dom in continuing to reward these two respect to Haiti has been a tremendous tration had enormous hurdles to over- countries at the same historically high success. I for one am proud of the deci- come, just to deal with the day-to-day levels when the cost is counted in sion that the President made to restore running of the government. It returned sharply decreased United States assist- democracy to Haiti. I thought it was to Port-au-Prince to find government ance and influence in other areas of the the right thing to do then, and it cer- offices stripped bare—no typewriters, world that are also important to the tainly has proved to be the case thus no paper, no pens, no desks, in some in- United States. Israel and Egypt made far. stances even toilets were gone. On top peace in 1978, 17 years ago. How long Let’s review for a moment what has of that, the international community does the United States intend to re- happened since that dramatic moment insisted that elections for more than ward this accomplishment with finan- last September when the President or- 2000 parliamentary and municipal of- dered the deployment of United States cial support? Financial rewards on the fices be held as quickly as possible. No Forces to Haiti: same scale have not been offered to small task in a country where one can Jordan, which most recently agreed to The multinational force was peace- fully deployed, without loss of life, and count on one hand, perhaps on one fin- make peace with Israel. ger, the number of Democratic elec- There has been a lot of rhetoric on facilitated the departure of the mili- tions that have occurred. Election this floor about ‘‘sharing the burden of tary coup leaders; preparations had to take place vir- deficit reduction.’’ Domestic programs, Conditions were created that per- including historically untouchable pro- mitted President Aristide to return to tually from scratch. Voter registration grams like Medicare, Medicaid, and Haiti on October 15 to resume office; had to be undertaken on a massive veterans benefits, are all being forced The multinational force was replaced scale nationwide. An election commis- to swallow the bitter tonic and budget by a much smaller U.N. force with the sion had to be formed and thousands of cuts necessary to meet draconian budg- number of U.S. troops significantly re- citizens recruited to participate in get- et goals. Other foreign interests of the duced; ting the election organized. United States are being cut quite dra- The Government of Haiti conducted It seems to me that on June 25, the matically in order to support the sac- elections and run-offs to fill more than Haitian people made it pretty clear rosanct aid to Israel and Egypt and 2,000 parliamentary and municipal that, despite all the warts associated also address other vital foreign inter- posts—the most complex elections in with the days leading up to the elec- ests, such as reducing the former So- Haiti’s history; tion, they had enough faith in the proc- viet nuclear stockpile. Other longtime The Armed Forces have been effec- ess to turn out and vote in large num- allies, including Turkey and Greece, tively dissolved and the interim police bers. So did the vast majority of Hai- both important NATO members, have force is being replaced with a profes- ti’s political parties—left, right, and seen significant changes in their for- sionally trained permanent force under center—who chose to have their can- eign assistance. Why not Israel? civilian control; didates appear on the ballot. When Israel has received a grand total of The human rights situation, while by election day dawned—the people of more than $67 billion in foreign and no means perfect, is light years better Haiti came out to participate. They military assistance from the United than 1 year ago when more than 3,000 came from miles away. They stood in States since its founding in 1949. Since Haitian were being killed annually. line, sometimes for hours in the hot 1976, Israel has been the largest annual The Haitian economy which suffered sun. They exercised their constitu- recipient of cumulative United States significant decline during the military tional right to cast their ballots and to assistance since World War II. Mr. coup has begun to turn around and choose the individuals who would rep- President, I do not raise these points show positive growth. resent them in their national and local because I am a foe of Israel. I do not That is quite a remarkable set of ac- governmental structures. That to me wish to be thought of as anti-Israel. I complishments in a very short period says a great deal about the validity of hold no malice toward the people of of time. On October 15, President the process. Israel. But at a time in which all Aristide will truly have something to Yes, there were misplaced voter reg- spending is under tremendous pressure, celebrate at the 1-year anniversary of istration cards—yet election officials at a time in which other deeply revered his restoration to office. were able to register nearly 90 percent We have all read press reports of the and historically important government of all eligible voters. Yes, a very small confusion and disorganization that sur- priorities are being crushed to squeeze percentage of political candidates were out savings for deficit reduction, it rounded last month’s elections in excluded from running for ill-defined simply does not seem fair to shield for- Haiti. I would be the first to say that I reasons, yet more than 10,000 individ- eign aid to Israel and Egypt from the would have preferred an electoral proc- uals ended up running for 2,200 public same budgetary forces. Surely, we can ess that was picture perfect, and strict- offices. Yes, there were some polling continue to safeguard the physical and ly by the book. That didn’t happen. It places which did not open on time, or economic security of Israel while sub- didn’t happen in large measure because in some cases at all, yet in many oth- jecting United States assistance to the the situation in Haiti isn’t perfect—it ers the polling stations opened, the bal- same budgetary scrutiny that all other is a desperately poor country in which lots were available and people made assistance and domestic programs un- at least 50 percent of the population their choices. dergo. cannot read or write. Mr. President, I have always favored It is a country that has been plagued Haitian authorities have already ac- putting my support behind domestic by political violence for much of its knowledged that mistakes were made. priorities, such as education, roads, po- tragic history. It is a country with a They had special elections in August lice, and other programs that support history of predominantly dictatorial and run off elections in September. Im- American competitiveness. All of these rule. provements were made to the electoral domestic priorities are under the budg- I do not seek to make excuses for the process. Changes were made in the etary axe. For the most part, U.S. events which transpired in Haiti in electoral council. overseas interests supported in this bill June, but I do think some analysis of I for one am glad that the people of are also being reduced. But not the sin- the circumstances surrounding the Haiti had the opportunity to partici- gle largest recipients of U.S. foreign elections will help to put the process in pate in elections recently, imperfect as aid. This is not reasonable, and it is some perspective. they were. I suspect that were we to not equitable. For these reasons, I First and foremost, until 11 months ask them they would overwhelming shall not vote in favor of this bill. ago the prospects of any election being share that view. Today, the people of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14078 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 21, 1995 Haiti are one step closer to having the lack thereof for human rights. The outcome the system of the chefs de section and the kind of government to which they as- of all these elements has been considerable disbanding of the notorious tontons pire. Tomorrow, as they learn from improvement in the human rights situations. macoutes, who had been renamed by Baby their mistakes and through their own Widespread and systematic abuses are no Doc. We watched with horror as the coup longer the rule. The freedoms of expression that overthrew President Aristide heralded a hard work they will be closer still. and of assembly are now exercised by dif- new wave of terror unparalleled in its extent Instead of attempting to score par- ferent sectors of Haitian society, including and in its ferocity in Haitian modern his- tisan political points, as some would by those critical of the policies of the Presi- tory. Only a few notable exceptions failed to seek to do, I believe that we all should dent and his government. Time limits on notice the horror that unfolded in Haiti. stand behind our current policy, try to legal procedures are more frequently re- Amnesty International welcomed the make it work, so that the people of spected as well as legal and constitutional changes in the human rights panorama after Haiti can have a brighter future after guaranties. The treatment of prisoners and constitutional government was restored by having suffered for so long in the shad- to a lesser extent the conditions of detention the UN Multilateral Force. Significant have improved with the establishment of a among these changes was the precipitous ows of oppression. new cadre of trained correction officers. drop in documented extrajudicial executions, I ask unanimous consent that the at- President Aristide’s constant calls for rec- incidents of torture and ill-treatment, and tached articles be printed in the onciliation have without doubt played an im- the use of rape as a political terror tool. This RECORD at the conclusion of my re- portant role in limiting incidents of venge- is not due to a lack of information available marks. ance and contributed to a more relaxed at- because the population is too afraid to report There being no objection, the mate- mosphere and a feeling of security in the violations. On the contrary, with the return rial was ordered to be printed in the country. It should also be emphasized that of constitutional rule in Haiti, the UN/OAS Haitians have voted three times over the International Civilian Observer Mission re- RECORD, as follows: past four months in a secure and largely turned to Haiti to document abuses, and THE HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD OF THE non-violent climate. international and other non-governmental GOVERNMENT OF HAITI A great deal of ground has been covered human rights organizations have had more The human rights observers of the joint over the past eleven months. A clear sign of access than under the de facto government. OAS/UN International Civilian Mission have these improvements is the dramatic decrease Furthermore, there has been more access to been in Haiti since February 1993 with two in the number of complaints brought to the members of the press. Thus the drop in num- interruptions brought about by evacuations attention of the International Civilian Mis- bers is not due to a reluctant public cowed for security reasons. sion. However, a lot more remains to be into submission. Our mandate: done, and there are concerns. We are con- There have been a number of killings over to monitor and report on the human rights cerned by acts of summary ‘‘Justice’’ carried the past few months of people across the po- situation; to promote and to protect human by the population, though there has been a litical spectrum. So far, apart from the rights; and to contribute to the reinforce- sharp decrease of late. Also of concern is the Mireille Durocher Bertin case in which in ment of institutions. series of some 20 cases of killings by uniden- any case, arrests have been made but the The International Civilian Mission has tified individuals, most of them ‘‘Commando motivation still remains unclear, Amnesty therefore been able to monitor in the field, style’’, recorded since the beginning of the International has not received any specific the evolution of the human rights situation year, where robbery did not appear to be the allegations that government officials were under the de facto regimes of the period of motive and the victims were targeted. The involved either directly or indirectly. In- the coup d’e´tat and under the constitutional reasons for these killings remain unknown. deed, criminal investigations are believed to government. The Mission has not been able to identify be under way into most if not all of the The human rights situation under the mili- any set of elements which would link these killings, and in some arrests have been tary who dominated all the institutions was crimes together or to agents of the state. made. There have been one or two reports characterized by widespread and systematic Some reports of ill-treatment of detainees that so-called ‘‘brigades de vigilance’’ were human rights abuses—extrajudicial execu- and abuses of power by agents of the state responsible for some killings in rural areas tions, torture or other forms of cruel, inhu- have been brought to the attention of the which Amnesty International is inves- man or degrading treatment, forcible dis- International Civilian Mission. Procedural tigating. However, there is no central struc- appearances, illegal arrests and detentions; irregularities with regard to arrest and de- ture for such brigades and they vary widely and restrictions on the freedoms of expres- tention continue to endanger the respect for in their composition and functions. Amnesty sion and assembly. These abuses were carried human rights and due process. The Inter- International has so far not received any evi- out by the security agents of the state—the national Civilian Mission has repeatedly dence indicating that they are centrally co- police and the army and those to whom they urged the government to develop its crimi- ordinated or that the authorities are using gave impunity, the attache´s (armed civilian nal investigation capacity to bring an end to them for such purposes. thugs) and later on the members of the para- impunity which has been traditional in Problems do remain in Haiti, although we military group, FRAPH. Haiti. can be unequivocally clear that Amnesty The return of President Aristide in October The challenge of the coming months will International has found no evidence of any 1994 has brought about and also facilitated a be to build on the steps already taken. Im- kind of systematic targeting of government number of structural changes which have proving human rights means not only reduc- opponents by the current Haitian govern- had a positive impact on the human rights ing human rights violations but also cre- ment. Amnesty’s overriding concern at the situation. ating and strengthening structures and moment is the question of impunity. This First, the return to constitutional govern- mechanisms to prevent their recurrence in impunity, the escaping from punishment, is ment has brought about the re-assertion of the long term. The government must pursue benefiting those who once terrorized the pop- civilian authority and ended the subordina- the reforms of the institutions which have a ulation during the years of de facto rule, the tion of key institutions to the military; direct bearing on the protections of human very opponents of the current government. Second, the elimination of the army an the rights, (justice, prisons and police). So far there have only been a few attempts consequent neutralizing of the attache´s and Strengthening the mechanisms of account- to bring perpetrators of past abuses to jus- the para-military groups have dismantled ability will send a clear message that the tice. This is due partly to the slowness of re- the repressive network responsible for wide- state will not tolerate human rights viola- forms to the judiciary. It is very hard to find spread human right abuses during the coup tions. The already considerable improvement out exactly what cases have been brought to d’etat period; and in the human rights situation must be con- trial and to get details of the procedures/out- Third, institutional reforms, in particular tinued. The government has already shown it come as they do not get much publicity, ei- the training and deployment of the new ci- has the political will to act in this domain. ther inside or outside Haiti. There was a vilian professional Haitian National Police, trial in absentia of the ex-police chief of improvements to the administration of jus- AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA STATEMENT ON Cayes, former lieutenant Emery Piram, and tice and to prisons in the framework of judi- HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI SINCE THE RETURN was sentenced to sixty years’ imprisonment cial and penal reforms. OF CONSTITUTIONAL RULE for the death under torture of Jean-Claude These structural changes and institutional Amnesty International has been following Museau in 1992. This is one of the few cases reforms carried out with the assistance of human rights issues in Haiti for a number of the government said it wanted to bring to the international community have been ac- years. We have documented the extensive trial. In addition to this trial, the companied by the clear determination of the violations in the city and in the countryside, exparamilitary member Gerard Gustave government to improve the quality and the under Papa Doc, Baby Doc, and those that (alias ‘‘Zimbabwe’’) has been sentenced to performance of judicial officials and to su- followed the fall of Baby Doc in 1986. Am- life at hard labour for his part in the assas- pervise the conduct of the new security nesty documented human rights violations sination of Antoine Izmery in September agents (code of conduct, inspectorate for the in the first administration of President Jean 1993. Other investigations and trials are un- Haitian National Police, applications of Bertrand Aristide. But we also documented derway, although this still only represents a sanctions in cases of misconduct), whose ac- the first genuine attempts at dismantling re- few of the cases of HRVs known to have tivities impinge directly on the respect or pressive structures, with the dismantling of taken place under the de facto government.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S21SE5.REC S21SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 21, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14079 We are currently investigating the trial pro- and the mission officially over to the United has risen by 3 percent, compared to a 10 per- ceedings to ensure they conform to inter- Nations. The remaining Americans are cent decline last fiscal year. national standards. scheduled to leave after the presidential The recent highly flawed parliamentary While it would not be true to say that elections early next year. elections—which resulted in overwhelming nothing is happening on this front, it is So far, so good. Nevertheless, a huge ques- victories for Mr. Aristide’s Lavalas Party— clearly inadequate and slow and the govern- tion remains about Haiti’s long-term future. have left opposition parties feeling disgrun- ment has not so far shown much determina- Certainly the return of Mr. Aristide has not tled and cheated. Although there was little tion to confront the issue. However, the meant much improvement materially for evidence of outright fraud, the electoral international community must also do its most Haitians. And the elections held in commission was unacceptably disorganized. part to help rebuild civil institutions. A sig- June were not much of a cause for celebra- The electoral commission’s inept chairman nificant contribution will be to disburse the tion. The international community had more was dismissed, but reform of the commission already promised assistance to the Truth than half a year to prepare for them, yet due itself has been stalled. Commission. In any case, from what we can to incompetence and the intransigence of the The United Nations force of 6,000—includ- gather, as well as the six or so cases the gov- Haitian election committee, dominated by ing 2,400 American troops—is due to leave at ernment itself said it was investigating, Aristide supporters, the event which so the end of February. The new police force many victims and victims’ relatives have many Haitians had longed for turned into a has made a good start. Recruiting has been presented complaints to the authorities so it dreadful mess. There was murder and vio- selective, and officers have won confidence is not for lack of cases that little progress lence, and some 100,000 Haitians were unable in neighborhoods where police were regarded has been made. It is imperative that impu- to vote; make-up elections had to be held in as the enemy. Reform of the justice system nity in Haiti be broken; time and again we August. Just this weekend, we had yet an- is proceeding well, with judges and prosecu- have seen how those who terrorized once can other act in this drama as run-off elections tors receiving training from international terrorize again. were held between candidates in a tie for experts. But with no civil service tradition, Amnesty International certainly welcomes their seats. The voting was boycotted by op- much of the government bureaucracy is still what steps have been taken so far to bring position politicians who claim fraud per- dysfunctional. perpetrators of past and current abuses to petrated by Lavalas and its sister parties. Given Haiti’s violent history, simply justice and urge the government, as a matter Nor is it clear whether Mr. Aristide will in calming the country’s polarized political cli- of urgency, to further strengthen the judici- fact step down at the end of his five-year mate is an impressive achievement. But Mr. ary to ensure that as many cases as possible term; quite a ‘‘movement’’ has gotten under Aristide now needs to break his isolation, co- can be pursued and that all such trials ad- way to ‘‘persuade’’ him to stay on. operating with his senior ministers to come here to international standards for a fair Still, there may be some important lessons up with a coherent plan for getting the coun- trial. We believe it would be very useful if to be learned here for the United States. try back on its feet. more was made public concerning the One, which is now being applied in the For now most Haitians are simply grateful progress of investigations and trials. former Yugoslavia, is that American leader- that they can sleep free from fear. But that Insofar as prison conditions are concerned, ship can work, and that it helps tremen- gratitude will wear thin if Mr. Aristide does these are said to be improving gradually and dously when it is backed by the willingness not figure out how to take the next steps, a national overseer of prisons has been ap- to use overwhelming force. The Bosnian Serb which include everything from creating jobs pointed. We understand that nutrition has army this weekend started to withdraw its to collecting the garbage. modestly improved and the International heavy weapons from around Sarajevo. For f Committee of the Red Cross has had access. three murderous years, the Serbs stubbornly refused to do just that, until the NATO INDONESIA’S DEPLORABLE HUMAN [From the Washington Times; Sept. 18, 1995] bombing campaign changed their minds. RIGHTS RECORD HAITI, ONE YEAR LATER What was also learned in Haiti (as in Soma- Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, as the lia and Bosnia) is that such operations can- Remember Haiti? One year ago, our atten- not be trusted to the United Nations because Senate considers the foreign operations tion was focused on that small island coun- that means essentially no one is in charge appropriations bill, I want to discuss try, as 20,000 American troops waited for the and no one is responsible for the outcome. two provisions which sanctioned Indo- signal to invade. Self-styled American am- The conclusion here should not be that the nesia for its deplorable human rights bassador at large Jimmy Carter was busy ne- United States must become international po- gotiating with Gen. Raoul Cedras, hoping to record in East Timor, and which were liceman and nanny; it is still debatable persuade him to exit peacefully rather than eliminated in the chairman’s bill. I whether U.S. interests are at stake in Haiti. face the U.S. forces with his ill-equipped want to make it clear that Indonesia What is clear, however, is that where the army of thugs. On that day also, Gen. Colin has done nothing to improve its human stakes are deemed high enough, American Powell was in the news, having accompanied initiative and muscle can be as effective as rights record in the past year which Mr. Carter to lend some muscle to the mis- ever. would recommend any change in sion. And back in Georgetown was President [From the New York Times, Sept. 21, 1995] United States policy. Jean-Bartrand Aristide, urging the U.S. gov- As my colleagues know, Indonesia ernment on to deal with his enemies. MR. ARISTIDE’S FIRST YEAR Haiti may have been as tiny a nation as we A year after American troops landed in has brutally occupied the Catholic pop- could have found to invade, but the thought Haiti to secure the return of its exiled Presi- ulation of East Timor since 1975. In of sending American soldiers into harm’s dent, the country is clearly in better shape. that time, East Timor has been the way in a place known for its brutal, corrupt Despite the fears of his detractors, Jean- focus of many international human regimes and abject poverty, nonetheless Bertrand Aristide has not incited his fol- rights efforts, not the least of which made many here at home highly skeptical lowers against their former oppressors, but are those that have been spearheaded about the whole enterprise. Nor did it inspire urged reconciliation. Most Haitians no by my friend and colleague from Rhode confidence that the Clinton administration longer live in fear of political violence. Mr. Island, Senator PELL. To my dis- had shown itself particularly inept at han- Aristide has reached out to business leaders. dling foreign affairs and previously endured He has made a credible beginning, but there appointment, those causes have not the humiliation of having to withdraw a is still much to do. been championed by any U.S. adminis- transport ship with U.N. troops, including Mr. Aristide wisely declared he will not tration. 200 Americans, from Port-au-Prince when run for another presidential term, resisting But in recent years the Indonesia faced with an unruly mob. It would not be the temptation to take advantage of his pop- military rule has become particularly too much to say that the operation was at- ularity to carry on the Haitian tradition of cruel. Today, I want to dispel any tended by the lowest possible level of expec- government-by-personality cult. Now he myths among my colleagues that de- tation here at home. needs to use the time left in his term to spite Indonesia’s economic successes in One year later, the good news is that the broaden his governing skills. Mr. Aristide is dire misgivings, expressed among others by not much of an administrator. the past few years, its human rights this page, have not come true. The only Mr. Aristide’s senior officials operate with record continues to be dismal, and is deaths experienced by U.S. soldiers there little direction, and the country is still cha- particularly deplorable in its activities have been due to suicide. Significant armed otically governed. The simple necessities for in the last year in East Timor. Such in- resistance to the Americans did not mate- doing business—such as electricity—are still stability and violations can only desta- rialize, and the military strongmen finally in short supply. While there has been some bilize the regime that some business agreed to depart the scene back in October domestic investment, virtually no money interests are all to quick to invest in. (with much of their ill-gotten gains). That has come into the country from foreign in- Since the Indonesians invaded East meant the crippling sanctions could be lifted vestors, and international lending institu- and President Aristide returned. The flood of tions are leery of providing aid with few gov- Timor 20 years ago, over 200,000 East boat people, which spurred the U.S. action in ernment structures in place. Inflation, how- Timorese have died—about a third of the first place, was stopped. By March 31, the ever, has fallen below 25 percent from 52 per- the entire population. Indonesia’s self- bulk of the U.S. troops could be sent home, cent last year, and gross domestic product styled annexation of the territory has

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