DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Diversity of the Chaerephon Leucogaster/Pumilus Complex From

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Diversity of the Chaerephon Leucogaster/Pumilus Complex From Genetic diversity of the Chaerephon leucogaster/pumilus complex from mainland Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands Theshnie Naidoo 202513500 Submitted in fulfillment of the academic Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu – Natal, Durban. NOVEMBER 2013 Supervisory Committee Prof. JM. Lamb Dr. MC. Schoeman Dr. PJ. Taylor Dr. SM. Goodman i ABSTRACT Chaerephon (Dobson, 1874), an Old World genus belonging to the family Molossidae, is part of the suborder Vespertilioniformes. Members of this genus are distributed across mainland Africa (sample sites; Tanzania, Yemen, Kenya, Botswana, South Africa and Swaziland), its offshore islands (Zanzibar, Pemba and Mozambique Island), Madagascar and the surrounding western Indian Ocean islands (Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, Grande Comore, Aldabra and La Reunion). A multifaceted approach was used to elucidate the phylogenetic and population genetic relationships at varying levels amongst these different taxa. Working at the subspecific level, I analysed the phylogenetics and phylogeography of Chaerephon leucogaster from Madagascar, based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences. Cytochrome b genetic distances among C. leucogaster samples were low (maximum 0.35 %). Genetic distances between C. leucogaster and C. atsinanana ranged from 1.77 % to 2.62 %. Together, phylogenetic and distance analyses supported the classification of C. leucogaster as a separate species. D-loop data for C. leucogaster samples revealed significant but shallow phylogeographic structuring into three latitudinal groups (13º S, 15 - 17º S, 22 - 23º S) showing exclusive haplotypes which correlated with regions of suitable habitat defined by ecological niche modelling. Population genetic analysis of D-loop sequences indicated that populations from Madagascar have been expanding since 5 842 - 11 143 years BP. At the infra-generic level, I carried out analyses of sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and control region, and the nuclear RAG2 region, to resolve the evolutionary history and taxonomy of the C. pumilus species complex from Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands. The ii nominate form comprised C. pumilus from Massawa, Eritrea, and this was genetically distinct from all other forms of Chaerephon. Our molecular evidence does not support that the syntype of C. limbatus and the holotypes of C. elphicki and C. langi and topotype of C. naivashae are specifically distinct from C. pumilus s.s. There is evidence of introgression of both C. pusillus and C. pumilus s.l. (south eastern Africa) mitochondrial haplotypes into C. leucogaster. The C. pumilus species complex has several attributes of a ring species, but appears to differ from this model in some important respects. It occurs on the African mainland and western Indian Ocean Islands, including Madagascar, ringing a potential barrier to gene flow, the Mozambique Channel. The taxa within the species complex form a ring in which the differentiated terminal forms, C. pusillus and C. leucogaster, occur in sympatry on Mayotte (Comoro Islands). Although there is evidence of isolation by distance around the ring, there is also a relatively high degree of genetic structure and limited gene flow. It appears that the island-based component species may have differentiated in allopatry, with some gene flow by over water dispersal, whereas the African mainland species may have differentiated through isolation by distance. A further study was aimed at re-examining the phylogeny of C. pumilus sensu lato from south eastern Africa based on a considerably larger sample set with a wider geographic range; I confirmed the previously-reported phylogenetic structure, and identified an additional strongly-supported control region clade. Discriminant Function Analysis based on four echolocation parameters could not discriminate between these clades. The hypothesised existence of cryptic species with distinct echolocation characteristics was not supported. Indices of diversity and neutrality, combined with a ragged multimodal iii mismatch distribution, are inconsistent with demographic expansion of a single C. pumilus south eastern African population and suggest that the control region lineages are stable populations at demographic equilibrium that were established during the late Pleistocene between 60 000 and 13 000 years ago. Further, more variable markers (microsatellites) were employed for finer-scale resolution of population genetic structure among the five genetic lineages of C. pumilus sensu lato found in the Durban area of KwaZulu-Natal, and to search for hybridization between these lineages. We recovered strong mitochondrial genetic structure, with 90% of the molecular variance occurring among four phylogenetically-defined groups, and a high significant Fst (0.897). Microsatellite data recovered three admixed populations with 3% of the nuclear variance occurring among populations, and global (Fst=0.037) and pairwise Fst values among populations were low and not significant. This is indicative of little genetic structure among the groups of C. pumilus s.l., which appear to comprise a single interbreeding population. Such high levels of mitochondrial genetic structure in the absence of significant nuclear structure are consistent with social isolation mechanisms such as female philopatry, and may reflect introgression of mitochondrial genes due to past hybridisation events with mitochondrially-distinct forms from outside the sampled area. iv PREFACE The experimental work described in this thesis was carried out at the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban. This was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Jenny M. Lamb, Dr. M.C. Schoeman, Dr. Peter J. Taylor and Dr. Steven M. Goodman. This study represents original work by the author and has not otherwise been submitted in any form for a degree or diploma to any tertiary institution. Where use has been made of the work of others, it is duly noted in the text. Signed: ___________ Name: Miss. T. Naidoo Date: v DECLARATION 1 – PLAGARISM I, Theshnie Naidoo declare that 1. The research reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated, is my original research. 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other University. 3. This thesis does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. 4. This thesis does not contain other persons’ writing unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: (a) Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced. (b) Where their exact words have been used, then their writing has been placed in italics and inside quotation marks, and referenced. 5. This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the References section. Signed: ______________ vi DECLARATION 2 – PUBLICATIONS PLEASE NOTE: CHAPTER 1 OF THIS THESIS COMPRISES MY MSC THESIS. IT WAS EXAMINED AND PASSED IN 2008. Publication 1 (Chapter 2) NAIDOO, T., M. CORRIE. SCHOEMAN, PETER .J. TAYLOR, STEVEN. M. GOODMAN, AND JENNIFER. M. LAMB. 2013. Stable Pleistocene-era populations of Chaerephon pumilus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in south eastern Africa do not use different echolocation calls. African Zoology, 48: 125-142. The ideas were conceived by Naidoo T, Lamb J and Schoeman M. The data were collected and analysed by Naidoo T. The writing was led by Naidoo T. Publication 2 (Chapter 3) NAIDOO, T., M. CORRIE. SCHOEMAN, STEVEN. M. GOODMAN, PETER .J. TAYLOR, AND JENNIFER. M. LAMB. Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure in the bat, Chaerephon pumilus s. l. (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from South Africa Submitted to Biological Journal of the Linnean Society The ideas were conceived by Naidoo T, Lamb J and Schoeman M. The data were collected and analysed by Naidoo T. The writing was led by Naidoo T. vii Publication 3 (Chapter 4) NAIDOO, T., STEVEN. M. GOODMAN, M. CORRIE. SCHOEMAN, PETER .J. TAYLOR, AND JENNIFER. M. LAMB. The Chaerephon pumilus species complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from south eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands is not a classical ring species. Submitted to Acta Chiropterologica The ideas were conceived by Naidoo T, Lamb J and Goodman S. The data were collected by Goodman S, Taylor P, Schoeman M and Naidoo T. The data were analysed by Naidoo T. The writing was led by Naidoo T. Publication 4 RATRIMOMANARIVO, F.H., S.M. GOODMAN, W.T. STANLEY, T. NAIDOO, P.J. TAYLOR, and J. LAMB. 2009. Patterns of geographic and phylogeographic variation in Chaerephon leucogaster (Chiroptera: Molossidae) of Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean islands of Mayotte and Pemba. Acta Chiropterologica, 11: 25-52. This is multi-authored report on a collaborative project involving morphometric and genetic assessments of phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in Chaerephon leucogaster. Sample collection and the morphological work, which comprises half of the paper, was carried out by Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Goodman, S.M. and Stanley, W.T. The molecular work, which comprises the other half of the paper, was carried out by Naidoo, T. who was supervised by Lamb, J., Taylor, P.J and Goodman,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • African Bat Conservation News
    Volume 35 African Bat Conservation News August 2014 ISSN 1812-1268 © ECJ Seamark, 2009 (AfricanBats) Above: A male Cape Serotine Bat (Neoromicia capensis) caught in the Chitabi area, Okavango Delta, Botswana. Inside this issue: Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa 2 Observations, Discussions and Updates Recent changes in African Bat Taxonomy (2013-2014). Part II 3 Voucher specimen details for Bakwo Fils et al. (2014) 4 African Chiroptera Report 2014 4 Scientific contributions Documented record of Triaenops menamena (Family Hipposideridae) in the Central Highlands of 6 Madagascar Download and subscribe to African Bat Conservation News published by AfricanBats at: www.africanbats.org The views and opinions expressed in articles are no necessarily those of the editor or publisher. Articles and news items appearing in African Bat Conservation News may be reprinted, provided the author’s and newsletter refer- ence are given. African Bat Conservation News August 2014 vol. 35 2 ISSN 1812-1268 Inside this issue Continued: Recent Literature Conferences 7 Published Books / Reports 7 Papers 7 Notice Board Conferences 13 Call for Contributions 13 Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo- and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa By Carmen Fensham Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. Correspondence: Prof. Wanda Markotter: [email protected] Carmen Fensham is a honours excrement are excised and used to isolate any viral RNA that student in the research group of may be present. The identity of the RNA is then determined Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Tap Chi Sinh Hoc 2014, 36(4): 479-486 Taxonomic And
    TAP CHI SINH HOC 2014, 36(4): 479-486 DOI 10.15625/0866-7160/v36n4-5980 TAXONOMIC AND DISTRIBUTIONAL ASSESSMENTS OF Chaerephonpttcatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) FROM VIETNAM Vu Dinh Thong Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, [email protected] ABSTRACT: To date. Wrinkle-lipped Bai (Chaerephon plicatus) is the only species ofthe family Molossidae in Vietnam. It is found throu^out much of Asia but rarely recorded in the country. Every pubhshed record of this species from Vietnam was only resulted from a single individual with little data tm morphology. Particularly, the previous publications did not mclude any information about either colony size or roosting site ofthe species within Vietnam. Between 2001 and 2014, a series of field surve)« was conducted throughout the country with an intensive search for free-tailed bat species. The obtained results indicate that Wrinkle-lipped Bat is a widespread bat species but its known roosting sites in Vietnam are quite distjunct Its colony size is in both seasonal and geographical variations ranging from several hundreds to over three million individuals. The species inhabits seasonally and permanently in northem and southem regions, respectively. This paper provides taxonomic and ecological assessments with an emphasis on morphological measurements, colony size, roosting habitats and national distributional range of Wrinkle-lipped Bat within Vietnam. Keywords: Asia, behavior, free-tailed bat, habitat. Mammalia, seasonal variation. INTRODUCTION tnolossid bats frora Virtnam was included in Wrinkle-lipped Bat (Chaerephon plicatus) Total (1974) [17] with record of one specimen is a free-tailed species, which was originally identified as Tadarida plicata. Since then, records described as Vespertilio plicatus (Buchannan of Tadarida plicata from the country has been 1800).
    [Show full text]
  • Siphonaptera)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 572:Description 7–21 (2016) of two new species of bat fleas of the genusAraeopsylla (Siphonaptera)... 7 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.572.7823 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Description of two new species of bat fleas of the genus Araeopsylla (Siphonaptera) from Kenya and Madagascar with notes on miscellaneous bat fleas Michael W. Hastriter1 1 Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 290 MLBM, P.O. Box 20200, Provo, Utah 84602-0200, U.S.A. Corresponding author: Michael W. Hastriter ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Galloway | Received 19 January 2016 | Accepted 25 February 2016 | Published 15 March 2016 http://zoobank.org/2322CF20-1A94-4A0D-BE3F-F8212E737812 Citation: Hastriter MW (2016) Description of two new species of bat fleas of the genus Araeopsylla (Siphonaptera) from Kenya and Madagascar with notes on miscellaneous bat fleas. ZooKeys 572: 7–21.doi: 10.3897/zookeys.572.7823 Abstract The flea genus Araeopsylla Jordan and Rothschild, 1921 contains nine species distributed throughout the Palaearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental Regions primarily on mollosid bats. A new species of bat flea, Araeopsylla goodmani, is described. This new species is represented by three females collected from one male specimen of the mollosid bat Chaerephon jobimena Goodman & Cardiff, 2004 from Fianarantsoa Province, Madagascar. A second new species, Araeopsylla smiti, is described from one male from the Rift Valley, Kenya. It was collected from the molossid bat Chaerephon bivittatus (Heuglin, 1861). This rep- resents the first record of Araeopsylla in Kenya. Previous records of Araeopsylla in the Malagasy region included Araeopsylla martialis (Rothschild, 1903) from Reunion Island and Madagascar.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats Beza Ramasindrazana1,2,3*, Koussay Dellagi1,2, Erwan Lagadec1,2, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia4, Steven M. Goodman3,5, Pablo Tortosa1,2 1 Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l’Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France, 2 Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France, 3 Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 4 Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 5 The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Ramasindrazana B, Dellagi K, Lagadec E, We investigated filarial infection in Malagasy bats to gain insights into the diversity of these Randrianarivelojosia M, Goodman SM, Tortosa P (2016) Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic parasites and explore the factors shaping their distribution. Samples were obtained from Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy 947 individual bats collected from 52 sites on Madagascar and representing 31 of the 44 Bats. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0145709. doi:10.1371/ species currently recognized on the island. Samples were screened for the presence of journal.pone.0145709 micro- and macro-parasites through both molecular and morphological approaches. Phylo- Editor: Karen E. Samonds, Northern Illinois genetic analyses showed that filarial diversity in Malagasy bats formed three main groups, University, UNITED STATES the most common represented by Litomosa spp. infecting Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae); Received: April 30, 2015 a second group infecting Pipistrellus cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa
    Publisher: CDC; Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases Article Type: Letter; Volume: 19; Issue: 10; Year: 2013; Article ID: 13-0946 DOI: 10.3201/eid1910.130946; TOC Head: Letters to the Editor Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1910.130946 Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa Technical Appendix Sampling Bats were sampled between November 2010 and mid-2012 at caves in Table Mountain National Park and in Millwood forest, Garden Route National Park (permit no. 11LB_SEI01), at Phinda Private Game Reserve in KwaZulu Natal (permit no. OP2021/2011) and in Greyton, Western Cape (permit no. AAA007-00373-0035). Bats were captured during emergence from roof roosts or cave entrances using a harp trap, hand-net or mist nets. Animal handling and sample collection was done in accordance with accepted international guidelines for mammals as set out in Sikes et al. (1). Individuals were then placed in individual cloth bags for up to 3 hours to collect faecal pellets. Faecal pellets were removed from each bag using sterile forceps and suspended in 1.0ml of RNAlater in a 2ml cryovial before transport to the laboratory in Tygerberg and virological testing under institutional clearance (ref. SU-ACUM12-00001). In the Western Cape, all bats were released unharmed. In Phinda, they were euthanized with halothane and retained as accessioned voucher specimens in the mammal collection of the Durban Natural Science Museum. Associated specimen derivatives (e.g. faecal pellets) were obtained through a museum loan (loan no. M201011_1). Species were determined based on morphological features following current systematics (2).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with Notes on Other Members of the Family
    A New Species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with Notes on Other Members of the Family Authors: Goodman, Steven M., and Cardiff, Scott G. Source: Acta Chiropterologica, 6(2) : 227-248 Published By: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences URL: https://doi.org/10.3161/001.006.0204 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Acta-Chiropterologica on 13 Jul 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Acta Chiropterologica, 6(2): 227–248, 2004 PL ISSN 1508-1109 © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family STEVEN M.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of Hypsugo Cadornae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in China Harrison 1987)
    Mammalia 2021; 85(2): 189–192 Short note Huan-Wang Xie, Xingwen Peng, Chunlan Zhang, Jie Liang, Xiangyang He, Jian Wang, Junhua Wang, Yuzhi Zhang and Libiao Zhang* First records of Hypsugo cadornae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in China https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0029 Harrison 1987). In 2005, Bates et al. described Hypsugo Received March 25, 2020; accepted August 4, 2020; published online pulveratus as a species morphologically similar to H. cador- August 27, 2020 nae (Bates et al. 2005). Whereas H. pulveratus is widely distributed in China (IUCNredlist, Wilson and Reeder 2005), Abstract: Hypsugo cadornae bats have been found in In- H. cadornae was not found there yet. dia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. In H. cadornae was first discovered in north-eastern India 2017 and 2018, 15 medium size Hypsugo bats were collected (Thomas 1916) and later found in India, Myanmar (Bates from Shaoguan, Guangzhou, and Huizhou in Guangdong, and Harrison 1997), Thailand (Hill and Thonglongya 1972), China. Molecular and morphological examinations iden- Vietnam (Kruskop and Shchinov 2010), Laos (Görföl et al. tified them as H. cadornae. This is the first record of 2014), and Cambodia (Furey et al. 2012). In 2017 and 2018, H. cadornae in China. Morphological and ultrasonic char- we captured 15 medium size Hypsugo bats from Shaoguan, acteristics of H. cadornae were compared with its close Guangzhou, and Huizhou in Guangdong, China. Three relative, Hypsugo pulveratus. individuals from the three different cities were carefully Keywords: echolocation calls; Hypsugo; morphology; examined. phylogeny. Nine body and 12 skull morphological features were measured using a vernier caliper (0.01 mm) according to Hypsugo cadornae was formerly classified as a subspecies of Bates and Harrison (1997); Furey et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
    Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiropterology Division BC Arizona Trial Event 1 1. DESCRIPTION: Participants Will Be Assessed on Their Knowledge of Bats, With
    Chiropterology Division BC Arizona Trial Event 1. DESCRIPTION: Participants will be assessed on their knowledge of bats, with an emphasis on North American Bats, South American Microbats, and African MegaBats. A TEAM OF UP TO: 2 APPROXIMATE TIME: 50 minutes 2. EVENT PARAMETERS: a. Each team may bring one 2” or smaller three-ring binder, as measured by the interior diameter of the rings, containing information in any form and from any source. Sheet protectors, lamination, tabs and labels are permitted in the binder. b. If the event features a rotation through a series of stations where the participants interact with samples, specimens or displays; no material may be removed from the binder throughout the event. c. In addition to the binder, each team may bring one unmodified and unannotated copy of either the National Bat List or an Official State Bat list which does not have to be secured in the binder. 3. THE COMPETITION: a. The competition may be run as timed stations and/or as timed slides/PowerPoint presentation. b. Specimens/Pictures will be lettered or numbered at each station. The event may include preserved specimens, skeletal material, and slides or pictures of specimens. c. Each team will be given an answer sheet on which they will record answers to each question. d. No more than 50% of the competition will require giving common or scientific names. e. Participants should be able to do a basic identification to the level indicated on the Official List. States may have a modified or regional list. See your state website.
    [Show full text]
  • Lista Actualizada Y Comentada De Los Mamíferos De Venezuela
    Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 2012 (“2010”) 173-174: 173-238 Lista actualizada y comentada de los mamíferos de Venezuela Javier Sánchez H. y Daniel Lew Resumen. Se presenta una lista actualizada de los mamíferos de Venezuela que incluye 390 especies –agrupadas en 14 órdenes, 47 familias y 184 géneros–, 30 de ellas (7,7%) endémicas para el país. Se señalan cambios relevantes posteriores a la última actualización de los mamíferos del mundo en cuanto al conocimiento de la taxonomía y distribución de las especies venezolanas, sobre la base de detalladas consideraciones taxonómicas que justifican los cambios propuestos. Se hace un recuento histórico de la mastozoología en Venezuela con el reconocimiento de los aportes más relevantes. Se incluye un análisis de la tasa de descripción de los taxones presentes en Venezuela (no necesariamente con localidades típicas en el país), revelando un incremento promedio de 9,7 especies por década en los últimos 110 años. Se analiza la representatividad de la mastofauna de Venezuela respecto a las diferentes jerarquias taxonómicas conocidas para el mundo encontrando, entre otras cosas, que el 7,2% de todas las especies descritas a nivel global han sido registradas en el país (7,7% si se consideran solo los 14 órdenes presentes en Venezuela). Se compara la riqueza de este grupo en Venezuela respecto a los países del norte de Suramérica (Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Guayana Francesa y Surinam). Palabras Clave. Mammalia. Riqueza. Taxonomía. Distribución. Venezuela. Updated list of Venezuelan mammals Abstract. We show an updated list of Venezuelan mammals including 390 species, grouped in 14 orders, 47 families and 184 genera; 30 species (7,7%) are endemic to the country.
    [Show full text]
  • African Bat Conservation News Template
    Volume 33 African Bat Conservation News November 2013 ISSN 1812-1268 © ECJ Seamark, 2009 (AfricanBats) © ECJ Seamark, 2007 (AfricanBats) Above: A Egyptian Fruit Bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) caught in the Pufuri area, Kruger National Park, South Africa. Inside this issue: Recent Literature 2 Conferences 2 Zoological Society of Southern Africa Conference 2 16th International Bat Research Conference 5 Published Books / Reports 16 Published Papers 16 Notice Board 26 Download and subscribe to African Bat Conservation News published by AfricanBats at: www.africanbats.org The views and opinions expressed in articles are no necessarily those of the editor or publisher. Articles and news items appearing in African Bat Conservation News may be reprinted, provided the author’s and newsletter reference are given. African Bat Conservation News November 2013 vol. 33 2 ISSN 1812-1268 Recent Literature Conference Zoological Society of Southern Africa 2013 Below are abstracts that are specifically related to African bat species. Papers The importance of ecology and physiology in a changing world: Wahlberg Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) as an example Colleen T. Downs - School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Globally the biggest threats to mammal and bird populations in the short-term are human development, population growth, urbanisation, alien invasions and land transformation resulting in habitat loss for species. In addition climate change is another threat in the long- term. However, to assess how these threats impact on a species and how they may survive both ecological and physiological studies are required. The importance of interdisciplinary studies is highlighted using the example of Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat Epomophorus wahlbergi.
    [Show full text]
  • Neoromicia Zuluensis – Zulu Pipistrelle Bat
    Neoromicia zuluensis – Zulu Pipistrelle Bat recommends that zuluensis is specifically distinct from somalicus (Rautenbach et al. 1993). Assessment Rationale Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution (estimated extent of occurrence within the assessment region is 246,518 km²), presumed large population, and because there are no major identified threats that could cause widespread population decline. It occurs in many protected areas across its range and appears to have a degree of tolerance for human modified habitats. Savannah woodlands are generally well protected in the assessment region. However, more research is needed into the roosting behaviour of this species to identify key roost sites and monitor subpopulation trends. Regional population effects: Its range is continuous with Zimbabwe and Mozambique through transfrontier parks, Trevor Morgan and thus dispersal is assumed to be occurring. However, it has relatively low wing loading (Norberg & Rayner 1987; Schoeman & Jacobs 2008), so significant rescue effects Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern are uncertain. National Red List status (2004) Least Concern Reasons for change No change Distribution Global Red List status (2016) Least Concern This species is widespread in East and southern Africa. The eastern distribution ranges from Ethiopia and South TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None Sudan to Uganda and Kenya (Happold et al. 2013). The CITES listing None southern range extends from Zambia and the southern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to eastern Endemic No South Africa, and from eastern Angola to central Zambia, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana and northeastern Namibia The Zulu Pipistrelle Bat is also commonly known (Monadjem et al.
    [Show full text]