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Deep-Seated Magmatism, Its Sources and Plumes

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Deep-Seated Magmatism, Its Sources and Plumes Russian Academy of Sciences Siberrian Branch Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry Central Science and Research Geology And Prospecting Institute Of The Stock Company “ALROSA” Russian Foundation of Basic Research Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes (Глубинный магматизм , его источники и плюмы ) PROCEEDING of VI International Workshop « Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes » Edited by Dr. N.V. Vladykin Mirny IRKUTSK 2006 UDK 552.33+ 552.32 Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes Proceedings of the VI Interntional Conference. Mirny. Publishing House of the Institute of Geography SB RAS, 2005, 225 p., ISBN 5-94797-077-5. Vol. 1. The given book presents invited reports of the VI-th International Workshop « Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes », 2006, Mirny. The invited reports discuss the features of alkaline, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism. These papers view the features of alkaline, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism. They also disclose the influence of the fluid on the thermal regime of mantle plumes. The present issue discusses mass-balance of global components of the silicate Earth, Enriched Mantle Reservoirs as the source of alkaline magmatism. The papers included into this issue also give new data on geology, geodynamics and age of the largest and the most rare-metal massif of alkaline granites Khan-Bogdo, Mongolia. and consider a number of aspects of origin and ore potential of kimberlites. Geochemistry of basalts and komatiites and their association with plume processes are discussed in papers by I.Yu. Safonova and Ya. B. Bychkova with co-authors while the problems of alkaline magmatism are considered. All works assume the plume mechanism of fusion of primary alkaline magmas in some areas of the Earth and in different age periods. The book is of great importance for petrologists, geochemists, and specialists studying deep alkaline and kimberlite magmatism, students and teaching staff of universities. Published following the decision of the Scientific Council of Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS Editor: Prof. N.V. Vladykin Reviewers: Prof. O.M. Glazunov and Prof. V.S. Antipin Original-model: T.S. Torbeeva, S.S.Tsipukova Institute of Geography SB RAS 664033, Irkutsk, Ulanbatorskaja str. 1 Published in Glazkovskaya printing House Irkutsk, Gogol str., 53. Order № 1661. Edition 100 copies. ISBN 5-94797-095-3 Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, 2006 Irkutsk Geography SB RAS, 2006 The book cover depicts the sample of layered benstonite cabonatite from the Murun massif. The yellow color designates benstonite, grey is quartz, black is pyroxene, brown is tinaxite and green shows microcline. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 4 1. Ryabchikov I.D. Mass-Balance of Global Components in the Silicate Earth 5 2. KovalenkoV.I., Yarmolyuk V.V., Salnikova E.B., Kozlovski А.М., Kotov А.B., Kovach V.P., Vladykin N.V., Savatenkov V. М., 17 Ponomarchuk V. А. Geology and age of Khan-Bogdinsky massif of alkaline granitoids in Southern Mongolia 3. Kogarko L. N. Enriched Mantle Reservoirs are the source of Alkaline 46 Magmatism 4. Spetsius Z. V., Taylor L. A., Valley J. V., Ivanov A. S., Banzeruk V. I., Spicuzza M. Garnets of anomalous oxygen isotope composition in 59 diamondiferous xenoliths (Nyurbinskaya pipe, Yakutia) 5. Ashchepkov I.V., Vladykin N.V., Sobolev N.V., Pokhilenko N.P., Rotman A.Ya., Logvinova A.M., Afanasiaev V.P., Pokhilenko L.N., Karpenko M.A., Kuligin S.S., Malygina L.V., Stegnitsky Yu.B., 79 Vishnyakova E.V., Khemelnikova O.S. Reconstruction of the mantle sequences and the structure of the feeding and vein magmatic systems beneath the kimberlite fields of Siberian platform 6. Solovjeva L.V. and Egorov K.N. Effects of the Yakutian plume on pro- 104 cesses within the upper mantle of the Siberian Craton: geochemical data. 7. Ashchepkov I.V., Vladykin N.V., Pokhilenko N.P., Logvinova A.M., Rotman A.Ya, Afanasiaev V.P. , Pokhilenko L.N., Karpenko M.A., Kuligin S.S., Malygina L.V., Stegnitsky Yu.B., Vishnyakova E.V., 125 Khemelnikova O.S. Variations of the oxygen conditions in mantle column beneath Siberian kimberlite pipes and it’s application to lithospheric structure of feeding systems 8. Sablukov S.M. and Sablukova L.I. Intensity of asthenospheric influence 145 as a crucial factor for the diversity of kimberlites 9. Safonova I. Yu. Geochemistry of within-plate basaltic lavas from the SW Paleo-Asian Ocean: evolution of plume magmatism from the Late Vendian to 159 the Early Cambrian 10. Bychkova Ya.V., Kulikov V.S., Kulikova V.V., Vasiliev M.V .Early paleoproterozoic vulcano-plutonic komatiitic association of Southeast 175 Fennoscandia as Mantle plume “Windybelt” realization 11. Gertner I.F., Glazunov O.M., Vrublevskii V.V., Krasnova T.S., Tishin P.A. Geochemical and isotopic constraints for the formation model of the 189 Kingash ultramafic and mafic complex, Eastern Sayan ridge, Central Siberia 12. Lastochkin E.I., Ripp G.S., Doroshkevich A.G.,Badmatsirenov M.V. 208 Metamorphism of the Veseloe carbonatites, North Transbaikalia (Russia) FOREWORD The fact is well accepted that alkaline rocks represent unique formations on the Earth. They have been long attractive for research because large Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, TR, Cu and P deposits, gemstones of charoite, Cr-diopside, dianite are associated with them. For instance, in Australia diamonds are recovered in lamproites. The complicated processes of their formation provoked scientific disputes still going on. The newly developed analytical methods and techniques provided abundant information on the composition of alkaline rocks. The data on geochemistry of isotopes confirm the evidence on the mantle sources of the substance of alkaline rocks. The new concepts of plume tectonics are applied by scientists when studying alkaline rocks as the deep-seated geodynamics of the Earth is interpreted based on these data. These problems were discussed at the international workshops held in 2001 at the Institute of Geochemistry in Irkutsk; in 2002 at the Far-East Geological Institute, Vladivostok; in 2003 at the Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics in Khabarovsk, in 2004 at Geological Institute in Ulan-Ude, in 2005 at the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. This book offers invited papers of the international workshop organized in Mirny city under the title “Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes ”. These papers view the features of alkaline, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism. They also disclose the influence of the fluid on the thermal regime of mantle plumes. The present issue discusses mass-balance of global components of the silicate Earth (Academician I.D. Ryabchikov), Enriched Mantle Reservoirs as the source of alkaline magmatism (Academician L. N. Kogarko). The papers included into this issue also give new data on geology, geodynamics and age of the largest and the most rare-metal massif of alkaline granites, Khan-Bogdo, Mongolia, (Academician V. I. Kovalenko et al.,) and consider a number of aspects of origin and ore potential of kimberlites (articles by Profs. Z.V. Spetsius, I.V., Aschepkova, S.I. Sablukova, L.V. Solov’eva et al.,). Geochemistry of basalts and komatiites and their association with plume processes are discussed in papers by I.Yu. Safonova and Ya. B. Bychkova with co-authors while the problems of alkaline magmatism are considered in papers by L.N. Kogarko, G.S. Ripp, etc. All works assume the plume mechanism of fusion of primary alkaline magmas in some areas of the Earth and in different age periods. The book might present interest to specialists involved in petrological and geochemical investigations as well as those studying deep alkaline and kimberlite magmatism. Chairman of Organizing Committee, Chief Editor Dr. N.V. Vladykin Deep-seated magmatism, its sources and plumes UDK 550.42 +552 Mass-Balance of Global Components in the Silicate Earth Ryabchikov I.D. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Russiae-mail: [email protected] Mass balance of incompatible elements was analyzed for different inferred reservoirs of the bulk silicate Earth. It was shown that the lower mantle, as well as the primitive mantle, includes an MORB-source depleted mantle component and material with a high content of incompatible elements. Contribution of the continental crust was found to be subordinate. The predominant part of the enriched mantle formed through differentiation of the mantle itself. Enriched material was supplied into the deep-seated zones of silicate shell through delamination of subcontinental lithospheric blocks affected by mantle metasomatism and their subsequent involvement in the mantle convective system. The osmium isotope composition of the plunged lithospheric material is modified in the lower mantle by the infiltration of sulfide melts. INTRODUCTION The chemical composition of the Earth is a cosmo-chemical and geochemical problem. The concept of the chondritic Earth was formulated by Vinogradov [1]. The pyrolite model of Ringwood used this concept in considering petrogenic components, suggesting that the primitive mantle is a mixture of depleted mantle peridotites and supposedly complementary magmas in proportions giving the chondritic Ca/Al ratio [2]. The chondritic model of the silicate Earth was extended later to trace elements. This approach is based on the fact that elements produced by high-temperature nebular condensation (for which calculated temperatures of 50% gas-to-solid transition are higher than 1400 K) occur in different types of chondrites approximately in equal proportions. Since the Earth was accreted from the same material as the parental bodies of chondritic meteorites, the bulk silicate Earth should show almost chondritic ratios of lithophile elements of high-temperature condensation. This principle, together with geochemical data on mantle rocks and magmas, was used to estimate the bulk composition of the Earth's primitive mantle [3, 4]. Some researchers accept more extreme versions of the chondritic model, assuming that the Earth is composition-ally identical to a certain chondrite type [5, 6].
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