Demographic Perspectives on the Rise of Longevity PERSPECTIVE James W
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Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes
Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 4 2016-12-15 Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes Eric Ralph University of Puget Sound Follow this and additional works at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions Part of the Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons Recommended Citation Ralph, Eric (2016) "Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes," Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions/vol2/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal by an authorized editor of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ralph: Longevity Extension Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes Eric Ralph Introduction In the last several decades, a significant amount of progress has been made in pursuits to better understand the process of aging and subsequently gain some level of control over it. Current theories of aging are admittedly lacking, but this has not prevented biogerontologists from drastically increasing the longevity of yeast, drosophilae, worms, and mice (Vaiserman, Moskalev, & Pasyukova 2015; Tosato, Zamboni et al. 2007; Riera & Dillin 2015). Wide-ranging successes with gene therapy and increased comprehension of the genetic components of aging have also recently culminated in numerous successes in extending the longevity of animals and the first human trial of a gene therapy to extend life through telomerase manipulation is already underway, albeit on a small scale (Mendell et al. -
The Health and Life Expectancy of Older Blacks and Hispanics in the United States
Today’s Research on Aging P r o g r a m a n d P o l i c y i m P l i c a t i o n s Issue 28, June 2013 The Health and Life Expectancy of Older Blacks and Hispanics in the United States Despite advances in health care and increases in income over Yet while older blacks have lower life expectancies than the past 50 years, significant gaps in life expectancy and health older whites, Hispanics actually are expected to live longer— by race and ethnicity persist among older Americans. This again, both at birth and at older ages. At age 65, for newsletter highlights recent work by National Institute on example, Latino males can expect to live, on average, an Aging (NIA)-supported researchers and others who examined additional 18.8 years, while Latina women have a life life expectancy and health trends among older blacks and expectancy of an additional 22 years—almost two years Hispanics. By 2030, the U.S. elderly population is expected to more than 65-year-old white females. Similar differences become more racially and ethnically diverse than it is today can be found at age 75 for both men and women. (See (see Box 1, page 2). Understanding their differences in health Box 2, page 3, for a discussion of factors influencing life and addressing disparities are critically important to improving expectancy among Hispanics.) the nation’s overall health and well-being. Hispanics have longer life expectancies than Life Expectancy non-Hispanic whites or blacks. -
Life-Span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, Jean-François Toussaint
Learning From Leaders: Life-span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, Jean-François Toussaint To cite this version: Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, et al.. Learn- ing From Leaders: Life-span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option D, 2015, 70 (8), pp.944-949. 10.1093/gerona/glu130. hal-01768388 HAL Id: hal-01768388 https://hal-insep.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01768388 Submitted on 17 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journals of Gerontology: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. Cite journal as: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution doi:10.1093/gerona/glu130 Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), -
Forkhead Transcription Factors and Ageing
Oncogene (2008) 27, 2351–2363 & 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/08 $30.00 www.nature.com/onc REVIEW Forkhead transcription factors and ageing L Partridge1 and JC Bru¨ ning2 1Institute of Healthy Ageing, GEE, London, UK; 2Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Mutations in single genes and environmental interventions Forkhead transcription factors are turning out to play can extend healthy lifespan in laboratory model organi- a key role in invertebrate models ofextension ofhealthy sms. Some of the mechanisms involved show evolutionary lifespan by single-gene mutations, and evidence is conservation, opening the way to using simpler inverte- mounting for their importance in mammals. Forkheads brates to understand human ageing. Forkhead transcrip- can also play a role in extension oflifespanby dietary tion factors have been found to play a key role in lifespan restriction, an environmental intervention that also extension by alterations in the insulin/IGF pathway and extends lifespan in diverse organisms (Kennedy et al., by dietary restriction. Interventions that extend lifespan 2007). Here, we discuss these findings and their have also been found to delay or ameliorate the impact of implications. The forkhead family of transcription ageing-related pathology and disease, including cancer. factors is characterized by a type of DNA-binding Understanding the mode of action of forkheads in this domain known as the forkhead box (FOX) (Weigel and context will illuminate the mechanisms by which ageing Jackle, 1990). They are also called winged helix acts as a risk factor for ageing-related disease, and could transcription factors because of the crystal structure lead to the development of a broad-spectrum, preventative ofthe FOX, ofwhich the forkheadscontain a medicine for the diseases of ageing. -
World Population Ageing 2019
World Population Ageing 2019 Highlights ST/ESA/SER.A/430 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division World Population Ageing 2019 Highlights United Nations New York, 2019 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs provides the international community with timely and accessible population data and analysis of population trends and development outcomes for all countries and areas of the world. To this end, the Division undertakes regular studies of population size and characteristics and of all three components of population change (fertility, mortality and migration). Founded in 1946, the Population Division provides substantive support on population and development issues to the United Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Population and Development. It also leads or participates in various interagency coordination mechanisms of the United Nations system. -
Longevity and Life Expectancy
LONGEVITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY Cesare Marchetti International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg, Austria RR-97-11 September 1997 Reprinted from Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 55, Number 3, July 1997. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 Fax: +43 2236 73148 E-mail: [email protected] Reseai·ch R e poi-ts , which record research conducted a.t ILA.SA , a.re independently reviewed before publication. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its Na.tiona.l Member Orga.niza.tions, or other orga.niza.tions supporting the work. Reprinted with permission from Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 55, Number 3, July 1997. Copyright @1997, Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. No pa.rt. of this publica.tion ma.y be reproduced or transmitted in a.ny form or by a.ny means, electronic or mecha.nica.l, including photocopy, recording, or a.ny information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. NORTH-HOLLAND Longevity and Life Expectancy CESARE MARCHETTI ABSTRACT The increase in life expectancy at all ages during the last two centuries is in need of a quantitative model capable of resuming the whole process under a single concept and simple mathematics. The basic hypothesis was that through improved hygiene, medicine, and life-style, the stumbling blocks to the full expression of longevity were progressively removed. The mathematics of learning processes was then applied to the secular evolution of life expectancy at various ages. The hypothesis proved very fertile. -
Addressing the Value of Gene Therapy and Enhancing Patient Access to Transformative Treatments
Position Statement Addressing the Value of Gene Therapy and Enhancing Patient Access to Transformative Treatments Rachel Salzman,1,7 Francesca Cook,2,7 Timothy Hunt,3,7 Harry L. Malech,4,7 Philip Reilly,5,7 Betsy Foss-Campbell,6 and David Barrett6 1ALD Connect, Middleton, MA, USA; 2REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, MD, USA; 3Editas Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; 4Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 5Third Rock Ventures, Boston, MA, USA; 6American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 7American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Value Initiative Workgroup, Milwaukee, WI, USA Although high upfront costs for the high value of gene therapy today versus paying repeatedly for treatments that may be taken at have resulted in concerns about sufficient reimbursement to regular intervals for months, years, decades, or even a lifetime. But as- allow patient access to these therapies, the significant benefits signing value to gene therapies and comparing them with potentially of gene therapies will not be realized unless patients have access lifelong illness is not an easy or straightforward task. Despite the to them. Stakeholders are discussing these issues, and the complexity, this paper identifies unique and relevant aspects that payment models being developed for the newly approved should be considered when assessing the value of gene therapy. gene therapies provide an early indication of the flexibility A related important discussion is how the costs of these treatments that will be needed from treatment manufacturers, payers, could be reduced, and whether the cost of gene therapy products and policy makers to optimize patient access. -
Living-100-Insights-Challenges.Pdf
Living to 100 Insights on the Challenges and Opportunities of Longevity Literature Review 2002–2017 April 2019 Living to 100 Insights on the Challenges and Opportunities of Longevity SPONSOR Research Expanding Boundaries Pool AUTHORS Sean She, FSA, MAAA Committee on Life Insurance Research Francisco J. Orduña, FSA, MAAA Product Development Section Peter Carlson, FSA, MAA Committee on Knowledge Extension Research 1 | P a g e This publication has been prepared for general informational purposes only; and is not intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax, financial or other professional advice. It is not intended to be a substitute for detailed research or the exercise of professional judgement. Please refer to your advisors for specific advice. Neither Ernst & Young LLP, the authors, nor any other member of Ernst & Young Global Limited can accept any responsibility or liability for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any material in this publication. Neither SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP recommend, encourage or endorse any particular use of the information provided in this publication. Neither SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP make any warranty, guarantee or representation whatsoever. None of SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP assume any responsibility or liability to any person or entity with respect to any losses arising in connection with the use or misuse of this publication. The opinions expressed and conclusions reached by the authors are their own and do not represent any official position or opinion of the Society of Actuaries or its members. The Society of Actuaries makes no representation or warranty to the accuracy of the information. -
Causes of Improving Health and Longevity at Older Ages: a Review of the Explanations
GENUS, LXI (No. 1), 21-38 DORA L. COSTA Causes of improving health and longevity at older ages: a review of the explanations 1. TRENDS IN ELDERLY HEALTH AND LONGEVITY Life expectancy at older ages rose very slowly at the beginning of the twentieth century and then accelerated sharply toward the end of the century. Between 1970 and the end of the twentieth century life expectancy at age 65 increased by 4 years in Sweden and France and by 3 years in England and Wales and in the United States. In contrast, between 1900 and 1960 life expectancy at age 65 rose by only 2 years in Sweden and France and by one and a half years in England and Wales. National data are unavailable for the United States for this period but at most the increase in life expectancy was two and a half years and was probably considerably less. The life expectancy pattern at age 85 is even more striking. Life expectancy at age 85 rose by almost 2 years in all four countries between 1960 and the end of the twentieth century after having risen by only about 1 year between 1900 and 19601. On the whole population aging has been accompanied by declines in disability at older ages (see the review by Freedman, Martin, and Schoeni, 2002). Manton, Corder, and Stallard (1997) find that between 1982 and 1989 disability among those older than 64 declined by 1.1 percent per year and between 1989 and 1994 by 1.5 percent per year. In exactly comparable data for 1994 and 1999 disability declined by 2.1 percent per year (Manton and Gu, 2001), suggesting that improvements in elderly health have been accelerating. -
Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography: Papers from a Workshop
This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18822 Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography: Papers from a Workshop ISBN Maxine Weinstein and Meredith A. Lane, Editors; Committee on 978-0-309-30661-4 Population; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council 400 pages 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2014) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography: Papers from a Workshop 15 The Male-Female Health-Survival Paradox: A Comparative Perspective on Sex Differences in Aging and Mortality Susan C. Alberts,* Elizabeth A. Archie,* Laurence R. Gesquiere, Jeanne Altmann, James W. Vaupel, and Kaare Christensen INTRODUCTION The male-female health-survival paradox—the phenomenon observed in modern human societies in which women experience greater longevity and yet higher rates of disability and poor health than men—has far- reaching economic, sociological, and medical implications. Prevailing evi- dence indicates that men die at younger ages than women, despite better health, because of both biological and environmental differences that in- clude behavioral, cultural, and social factors (Wingard, 1984; Verbrugge, 1985, 1989; Kinsella and Gist, 1998; Kinsella, 2000; Case and Paxson, 2005; Oksuzyan et al., 2008; Lindahl-Jacobsen et al., 2013). -
Dissecting Aging and Senescence—Current Concepts and Open Lessons
cells Review Dissecting Aging and Senescence—Current Concepts and Open Lessons 1,2, , 1,2, 1 1,2 Christian Schmeer * y , Alexandra Kretz y, Diane Wengerodt , Milan Stojiljkovic and Otto W. Witte 1,2 1 Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (O.W.W.) 2 Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors have contributed equally. y Received: 2 October 2019; Accepted: 13 November 2019; Published: 15 November 2019 Abstract: In contrast to the programmed nature of development, it is still a matter of debate whether aging is an adaptive and regulated process, or merely a consequence arising from a stochastic accumulation of harmful events that culminate in a global state of reduced fitness, risk for disease acquisition, and death. Similarly unanswered are the questions of whether aging is reversible and can be turned into rejuvenation as well as how aging is distinguishable from and influenced by cellular senescence. With the discovery of beneficial aspects of cellular senescence and evidence of senescence being not limited to replicative cellular states, a redefinition of our comprehension of aging and senescence appears scientifically overdue. Here, we provide a factor-based comparison of current knowledge on aging and senescence, which we converge on four suggested concepts, thereby implementing the newly emerging cellular and molecular aspects of geroconversion and amitosenescence, and the signatures of a genetic state termed genosenium. -
Mechanisms and Rejuvenation Strategies for Aged Hematopoietic
Li et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020) 13:31 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00864-8 REVIEW Open Access Mechanisms and rejuvenation strategies for aged hematopoietic stem cells Xia Li1,2,3†, Xiangjun Zeng1,2,3†, Yulin Xu1,2,3, Binsheng Wang1,2,3, Yanmin Zhao1,2,3, Xiaoyu Lai1,2,3, Pengxu Qian1,2,3 and He Huang1,2,3* Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, which is accompanied by reduced self-renewal ability, impaired homing, myeloid-biased differentiation, and other defects in hematopoietic reconstitution function, is a hot topic in stem cell research. Although the number of HSCs increases with age in both mice and humans, the increase cannot compensate for the defects of aged HSCs. Many studies have been performed from various perspectives to illustrate the potential mechanisms of HSC aging; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear, blocking further exploration of aged HSC rejuvenation. To determine how aged HSC defects occur, we provide an overview of differences in the hallmarks, signaling pathways, and epigenetics of young and aged HSCs as well as of the bone marrow niche wherein HSCs reside. Notably, we summarize the very recent studies which dissect HSC aging at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we review the promising strategies for rejuvenating aged HSC functions. Considering that the incidence of many hematological malignancies is strongly associated with age, our HSC aging review delineates the association between functional changes and molecular mechanisms and may have significant clinical relevance. Keywords: Hematopoietic stem cells, Aging, Single-cell sequencing, Epigenetics, Rejuvenation Background in the clinic, donor age is carefully considered in HSC A key step in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging re- transplantation, and young donors result in better sur- search was achieved in 1996, revealing that HSCs from vival after HSC transplantation [2–4].