Crop Trust Briefing
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Networking Banana and Plantain
Networking Banana and Plantain Annual Report 2000 The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: • To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity • To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related research activities at the national, regional and global levels • To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains • To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), a Future Harvest Centre. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI’s mandate is to advance the conservation and use of genetic diversity for the well-being of present and future generations. IPGRI’s headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 19 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources -
Descriptors for Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.)
afrika focus — Volume 28, Nr. 1, 2015 — pp. 125-126 Descriptors for Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Kehlenbeck K.S. Padulosi, A. Alercia Bioversity International, World Agroforestry Centre Italy, Kenya, 2015 Bioversity International belongs to the so-called CG centre group. The latter, in full the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (though no longer known under their full name), consists of some fifteen research centres that are members of the CGIAR Consortium. Each centre has a global mandate to study, improve and promote (sub)tropical crops and animal production. Research is carried out in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil soci- ety organizations, academia, development organizations and the private sector. CGIAR´s collaborative research is dedicated to reducing rural poverty, increasing food security, improving human health and nutrition, and ensuring the sustainable man- agement of natural resources. The 15 Research Centres generate and disseminate knowledge, technologies, and policies for agricultural development through the CGIAR Research Programs. The CGIAR Fund provides reliable and predictable multi-year funding to enable research planning over the long term, resource allocation based on agreed priorities, and the timely and predictable disbursement of funds. A multi-donor trust fund finances research carried out by the Centres through the CGIAR Research Programs. In all, some 10,000 scientists and staff, top-notch research infrastructure and dy- namic networks try to deliver adequate solutions to burning development questions. CGIAR’s collections of genetic resources are the most comprehensive in the world, al- lowing the system’s scientists to deliver on expectations, within their mandate. -
Worldfish Style Guide
Photo credit: <Name>/<Organization> credit: Photo WorldFish Style Guide Version 3 April 2020 Table of contents Contents Table of contents i Introduction 1 Editorial style 2 1. Abbreviations 2 1.1. Acronyms and initialisms 2 1.2. Abbreviations for “species” 2 1.3. American states 2 1.4. Chemical elements 2 1.5. Geographic terms 2 1.6. Latin phrases 3 1.7. Periods in abbreviations 3 1.8. Project and program titles 3 1.9. Repeating units 3 1.10. Tables and reference materials 3 1.11. Truncations 3 1.12. Units of measurement 3 2. Annex versus appendix 4 3. Avoiding discriminatory language 4 3.1. Nonsexist language 4 3.2. Nonracist language 4 3.3. Language and disabilities 4 3.4. Language and age 5 4. Branding 5 5. Capitals 5 5.1. Geographic terms 5 5.2. Government 5 5.3. Headings 5 5.4. Hyphenated compounds 5 5.5. Initial words 6 5.6. Internet 6 5.7. Project and program titles 6 5.8. Small capitals 6 5.9. Titles 6 5.10. Titles of publications 6 i 6. Compound words 6 7. Copyright 7 8. Cross-references 7 9. Dates and times 7 10. Figures and illustrations 8 10.1. Figure captions 8 10.2. Numbering figures 8 10.3. Photo captions 8 11. Endnotes 8 12. Format 9 12.1. Headings 9 12.2. Order of elements in a publication 9 12.3. Paragraphs 9 13. Front matter/Preliminaries 9 13.1. Acknowledgments 9 13.2. Contents 9 13.3. Page numbering 9 14. -
Botanic Gardens Are Important Contributors to Crop Wild Relative Preservation
Published November 21, 2019 RESEARCH Botanic Gardens Are Important Contributors to Crop Wild Relative Preservation Abby Meyer* and Nicholas Barton Botanic Gardens Conservation International US at at The Huntington ABSTRACT Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Rd., San Humans rely on crop wild relatives (CWRs) for Marino, CA 91108. Received 2 June 2019. Accepted 11 Oct. 2019. sustainable agriculture and food security through *Corresponding author ([email protected]). Assigned to Associate augmentation of crop yield, disease resistance, Editor Joseph Robins. and climatic tolerance, among other important Abbreviations: BGCI, Botanic Gardens Conservation International; traits. Many CWRs are underrepresented in crop CWR, crop wild relative; GRIN, Germplasm Resources Information gene banks. With at least one-third of known Network. plant species maintained in botanic garden living collections, the botanic garden community serves as an important global ex situ network rop wild relatives (CWRs), plants that have “an indirect that supports plant conservation and research Cuse derived from its relatively close genetic relationship to a around the world. We sought to characterize crop,” provide important genetic diversity needed by breeders and botanic garden holdings of CWRs and demon- scientists to develop a wide range of crop plant adaptations (Maxted strate capacity for cross-sector coordination in et al., 2006, p. 2680). Benefits such as increased production, better support of CWR ex situ preservation. To do this, nutrition, drought tolerance, and pest and disease resistance have Botanic Gardens Conservation International been made possible through the use of CWRs and allowed for US (BGCI-US), in partnership with the United more consistent and sustainable yields of conventional crops for States Botanic Garden, used the BGCI Plant- Search database to conduct an ex situ survey of decades (Dempewolf et al., 2017; Guarino and Lobell, 2011; Hajjar CWRs maintained in botanic gardens. -
3 November 2017 Reports
August 2017 IT/GB-7/17/24 E Item 17.4 of the Provisional Agenda SEVENTH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING BODY Kigali, Rwanda, 30 October – 3 November 2017 Reports from Institutions that have Concluded Agreements with the Governing Body under Article 15 of the International Treaty Executive Summary The document contains the Reports provided by the Centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and one other International Institution that have concluded agreements with the Governing Body pursuant to Article 15 of the International Treaty, for the information and consideration of the Governing Body. The reports are provided, as they were received by the Secretariat, in the Appendices to this document. The document also provides update on activities carried out by the Secretariat and some recent developments, during the biennium, in regard to international germplasm collections that are held under Article 15 of the Treaty, whose continued maintenance has been reported to be experiencing major difficulties or are under threat. Guidance Sought The Governing Body is invited to consider the reports and the information provided in this document, and provide further guidance, taking into account the elements for a possible Resolution provided in Appendix 1 to this Document. This document can be accessed using the Quick Response Code on this page; an FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Other documents can be consulted at http://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/meetings/meetings- detail/en/c/888771/ 2 IT/GB-7/17/24 Table of Contents Paragraphs I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 – 2 II. SUMMARY OF THE REPORTS RECEIVED ....................................................... -
Two Blades of Grass: the Role of Science in the Green Revolution Alan Mark Fletcher November 13 and 14, 2011
Two Blades of Grass: The Role of Science in the Green Revolution Alan Mark Fletcher November 13 and 14, 2011 Alan Mark Fletcher ’50 worked for over fifty years as a science writer and editor at institutions including Cornell University, the University of Georgia, the International Rice Research Institute, and the International Service for National Agricultural Research. Whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together. - Jonathan Swift, in Gulliver’s Travels n 1798 the English clergyman-philosopher Thomas Malthus published “An Essay on the Principle of I Population,” in which he argued that while the population of the world would increase geometrically, the food available would increase only arithmetically. Malthus postulated that human population growth, therefore, would eventually outstrip the agricultural capacity of the Earth. At some point, he predicted, natural forces like famine and disease would reduce the human population to a sustainable level. His hypothesis has yet to be proven on any large scale with humans, but biologists have seen the Malthusian principle turn out to be correct with other animals, and there is no reason to believe that his hypothesis does not apply to humans. Back in 1968, Stanford University ecologist Paul R. Ehrlich scared us to death when he published The Population Bomb, in which he maintained that the Malthusian principle was about to overtake us. His book began with this statement: “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. -
Bioversity International’S Views on the Preparation, Scope and Content of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Bioversity International’s views on the preparation, scope and content of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework Rome, 14 December 2018 Agricultural biodiversity or agrobiodiversity is a subset of biodiversity. Both wild biodiversity and agrobiodiversity provide multiple ecosystem services that support food production, underpin food security and human wellbeing. We consider that biodiversity conservation efforts in agricultural contexts should better integrate wild and agrobiodiversity approaches. There is potential to better integrate and align efforts and activities to achieve outcomes for both agricultural and wild biodiversity, yet most agricultural and wild conservation strategies continue to be pursued separately. Given that globally, 38% of land is now farmed, agricultural land management is increasingly important for wild biodiversity conservation. How agrobiodiversity generates ecosystem services • Crop provisioning; livestock provisioning • Nutritional and dietary diversity; increased number of functional traits leads to more resistant and resilient crops • Reduced need for pesticides due to agrobiodiversity-based pest and disease control; complex vegetation structure as filter of pollutants • Increased carbon sequestration through more continuous biomass; increased soil function and carbon sequestration; increased use of legumes reduces need for NPK use • Intercropping and interspecific crop diversity providing habitat and resources for natural enemies. Intraspecific diversity suppressing pests and diseases 1 Bioversity International is increasingly seen as the world’s leading agrobiodiversity research and innovation centre with expertise on conservation and use of agrobiodiversity, working towards healthy diets from sustainable food systems; productive and resilient farms, forests and landscape; and effective genetic resources conservation and use. Biological diversity is vitally important to agriculture, food and nutrition security, as well as to the integrity of the natural resources upon which 1 Attwood et al. -
Introduction Assignment of GLIS Dois to PGRFA Hosted by CGIAR Center
CGIAR Centers’ use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs): a submission to the Advisory Committee on the Global Information System Introduction This submission has been prepared in response to a request from the Secretary of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGRFA), Dr Kent Nnadozie, to the eleven CGIAR Centers that signed Article 15 agreements with the Governing Body of the ITPGRFA. In his letter, the Secretary referred to a request from the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Global Information System (SAC-GLIS), to the Secretariat to: “gather information from GLIS users, including CGIAR Centers and other institutions managing crop germplasm repositories, on the current application of DOIs to crop germplasm in the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-Sharing for which DSI/GSD are available in compatible information systems” He asked the Centers if they “could provide the Secretariat with information pertinent to the request of the SAC-GLIS”. In preparing this submission, the management team of the Policy Module of the CGIAR Genebank Platform conducted a survey among the eleven Article 15 Centers. All Centers responded to the questionnaire. The following sections provide a summary of their responses. It includes illustrative examples of Centers’ practices using DOIs to date. Assignment of GLIS DOIs to PGRFA hosted by CGIAR Centers’ Current status As of May 21, 2019, GLIS reported that 834,252 DOIs have been minted. Approximately 94% of those DOIs are for materials hosted by CGIAR Centers. CGIAR Centers made it a priority in 2018 to ‘mint’ DOIs for materials in the international collections that they host. The ITPGRFA Secretariat provided excellent technical support. -
CIP Leads Initiative to Understand How Climate Change Affects Pests
Page | 1 CIP Leads Initiative to Understand how Climate Change Affects Pests The Paris Agreement of December 2015 heralds a greater global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change, yet farmers around the world are already dealing with the consequences of a warming atmosphere. While more frequent droughts and floods are causing widespread crop damage, the greatest threat to farmers from global warming may be the growing abundance and expanding distribution of crop pests and diseases. “A crop pest that currently produces three or four generations per year may produce as many as six or seven generations per year once average temperatures rise by 2ºC—3ºC,” warned Jürgen Kroschel, Team Leader for Agroecology and Integrated Pest Management at the International Potato Center (CIP). Pests and diseases already pose major threats to the food security and livelihoods of smallholders in developing countries, yet there is a shortage of information about how much and where climate change will transform those 2015 Annual Report International Potato Center • Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina. Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Perú. • www.cipotato.org • [email protected] Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Page | 2 threats. To help fill that knowledge gap, Kroschel is coordinating a CIP-led, multi- crop collaboration with several other international research centers and national programs to conduct research aiming at predicting how global warming will affect some of the most destructive crop pests and diseases in East Africa. The research project’s ultimate goal is to help local government agencies and the farmers they serve to better assess, prepare for, and confront the risk of crop pests and diseases as the climate changes. -
The Crop Trust 2015
THE CROP TRUST ANNUAL REPORT 2015 SUMMARY WWW.CROPTRUST.ORG/2015 1 THE CROP TRUST ANNUAL REPORT 2015 DEAR FRIENDS In this historic year, the nations of the world committed to a guiding set of Sustainable Development Goals and to action against the challenges of climate change. And the Crop Trust continued in its commitment to safeguard the agrobiodiversity that lies at the very root of sustainable development and climate adaptation alike. What did that commitment look like in 2015? The sound administrative and financial management of our partner genebanks got sounder. The Crop Wild Relatives project reached its peak with a full program of action across some 30 countries. Genesys, the global portal to information about crop collections, got more powerful and easier to use. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault saw new deposits, and its first retrieval – of important material from the genebank of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Aleppo, Syria. Seeing those seeds sprout again will be an occasion for joy. There are solutions to our world’s challenges to be found in the diversity of life – as long as we keep it alive. With thanks to all our supporters, MARIE HAGA AND WALTER FUST 2 From the farmers of the Sacred Valley of Peru to The Prince of Wales, in 2015 our partners left us with no doubt that the work we do, and the ‘‘ global system we are building together, is all at once inspiring, exciting, and absolutely essential. MARIE HAGA, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ,, This year we continued to build up our support to crop collections, their inter-linkage in a global system for ex situ conservation, and the ‘‘ accessibility of all the diversity they hold. -
Policy Brief Global Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives
Policy Brief Global Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives Key Facts and Recommendations: • First of its kind global mapping effort reveals over 70% of essential crop wild relative species are under- represented in genebanks worldwide leaving food security unnecessarily vulnerable to future climate change • Collection efforts to preserve wild species with resilient traits useful for improving our crops ability to tolerate heat and pests must be stepped up • Long-term global food security requires inter- national collaboration on collecting, conserva- tion, and sharing these valuable genetic resources. • Countries are invited to use findings as a baseline to measure their progress on development and conservation commitments e.g. target 2.5 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals Many of the wild plant species at the foundation of the global food supply are missing from the world’s genebanks, according to new research by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in coordination with the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) and the Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are distant cousins of well-known food crops like rice, potato and wheat that contain traits such as drought and heat tolerance, and pest and disease resistance. This genetic diversity makes them an invaluable resource for plant breeders working to develop crops capable of adapting to the impacts of climate change, including higher temperatures, increased soil salinity due to rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe pest and disease outbreaks. The inability to access these crop wild relatives removes options to improve crops, leaving our food supply, and agricultural producers, vulnerable. -
Completing a Global Task
COMPLETING A GLOBAL TASK Conserving Crop Diversity, Forever 15 YEARS The first 15 years of forever In 2004, the genetic foundation But it wasn’t all gloom and doom. At The Crop Trust was established in of everything we eat rested on a conference organized by the UN October 2004 with a mission to treacherous ground. Crop diversity Food and Agriculture Organization help build a global system of ex situ – the raw material that breeders in 1996, 150 countries had launched crop diversity conservation and use and farmers need to prepare for a Global Plan of Action on crop and fund it through an endowment the challenges of the future – could diversity, eventually to form a major that would make it a lasting reality. be found in genebanks all over the pillar of the landmark International When the Governing Body of the world, but it was nowhere near as Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources Plant Treaty held its first meeting in secure as its immense importance for Food and Agriculture (‘the 2006, it recognized the Crop Trust as demanded. Plant Treaty’). The Plant Treaty an essential element of the Treaty’s brought the diversity of 64 food and funding strategy. Sometimes, accidents and disasters forage crops, as well as a roster struck. Sometimes, quite simply, of international crop collections, Today, a USD 300 million Endowment genebanks suffered budget cuts into a multilateral system where Fund meets more and more of the and couldn’t pay their electricity this material will forever remain needs of the world’s most important bills.