Cultural Resources Supporting Information

City of American Canyon—Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Draft EIR

Appendix D: Cultural Resources Supporting Information

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FINAL

Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center Napa County, California

Project Number 3966300300

June 16, 2014

Document Information Prepared for Panattoni Development Co. LLC Project Name Napa Airport Corporate Center I Project Number 3966300300 Project Manager Shannon Karvonen Date 6/16/2014

Prepared for:

Panattoni Development Company, LLC. 20411 SW Birch Street, Suite 200 Newport Beach, CA 92660

Prepared by:

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

Table of Contents Management Summary ...... iv 1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1-1 1.2 Regulatory Context ...... 1-1 1.3 Project Area of Potential Effect ...... 1-1 2 Environmental Context ...... 2-1 2.1 Geography and Geology ...... 2-1 2.2 Flora and Fauna ...... 2-1 3 Cultural Context ...... 3-1 3.1 Regional Prehistory ...... 3-1 3.2 Regional Ethnography ...... 3-2 3.2.1 Patwin ...... 3-2 3.2.2 Wappo ...... 3-4 3.3 Historic Period and Euroamerican Contact ...... 3-5 3.4 Early Napa County History ...... 3-5 4 Sources Consulted and Results ...... 4-1 4.1 Literature Review ...... 4-1 4.2 Native American Correspondence ...... 4-4 4.3 Paleontological Review ...... 4-4 5 Field Visit ...... 5-1 5.1 Project Personnel ...... 5-1 5.2 Field Visit ...... 5-1 6 Summary and Recommendations ...... 6-1 6.1 Summary ...... 6-1 6.2 Recommendations...... 6-1 7 References ...... 7-1

Appendices Appendix A Project Maps Appendix B Records Search Maps and Studies (Confidential) Appendix C Records Search Site Records (Confidential) Appendix D Native American Coordination Appendix E Site Visit Photographs Appendix F Staff Resumes

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Tables Table 1. Previous Studies within ½ Mile Radius of the APE ...... 4-1 Table 2. Previous Studies within 1/4 Mile Radius of the APE ...... 4-2 Table 3. Previously Recorded Sites within a ½ Mile Radius of the APE ...... 4-3 Table 4. Previously Recorded Sites within a 1/2 Mile to 1 Mile Radius of the APE...... 4-3 Table 5. Previously Recorded Isolates within a 1/2 Mile to 1 Mile Radius of the APE ...... 4-3

Figures Figure 1. Photo 2095: Example of ground surface visibility throughout marshy areas...... 5-1

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Management Summary

Panattoni Development Company is proposing to construct an approximately 50 acre Corporate Center near the City of American Canyon, Napa County, California (Attachment A). The proposed Project includes the construction of five buildings used for warehouse and winery warehouse and associated infrastructure, including parking lots, driveways, and utilities. The Project is subject to the legal requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Public Resources Code 21000 et seq.) 1970, as amended, as a result of discretionary approval requirements through the City of American Canyon (CEQA lead agency) entitlement process. A portion of the Project will also require a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for impacts to waters of the United States. As such, the Project proponent must meet requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, and therefore is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District. Cardno field personnel conducted a field visit of the APE which has been previously surveyed (Jones and Stokes 2008). Cardno assumes that the conditions described previously in the Cultural Resources Inventory completed by Jones and Stokes had not changed. The condition of the APE was unchanged since the Cultural Resources Inventory was completed in 2008. All cultural resources work for the proposed Project was conducted under the direct supervision of Principal Investigator Joshua Peabody M.A. Mr. Peabody was responsible for overall Project management and implementation, including fieldwork and report writing. Assisting field crew included Ashley Hallock M.A., Cardno Cultural Resources Specialist. Both Mr. Peabody and Ms. Hallock meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Professional Qualifications in Archaeology and History. Three previously recorded cultural resources have been identified within the ½ -mile wide record search radius. No cultural resources are within the present Project’s APE.

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1 Introduction

1.1 Project Description The Napa Airport Corporate Center (Project) is a 50-acre industrial warehouse development project proposed by Panattoni Development Inc. The Project is located at South Kelly Road and Devlin Road near S.R. 29 in the City of American Canyon (City) (Appendix A). The Project includes the construction of five buildings used for warehouse and winery warehouse and associated infrastructure, including parking lots, driveways, and utilities. It is important to note that one of the five buildings could be replaced by an Arco Station that is being proposed by a different applicant. Total square footage of buildings ranges from 551,769 - 572,782 square feet, depending on proposed development of the Arco Station. The Project area occurs in the central eastern portion of the Cuttings Wharf USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle map within Township 4 North, Range 4 West, Section 12, Latitude 38.204453, Longitude -122.258886. The Project area is bounded by Hwy 29 on the east, South Kelley Road on the northwest, the Southern Pacific Railroad to the west and industrial development on the south.

1.2 Regulatory Context The present inventory was conducted to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Public Resources Code 21000 et seq.) 1970, as amended. Additionally, these investigations were conducted to meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. The proponent is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District for impacts to waters in District 3 located in the southeast portion of the Project site.

1.3 Project Area of Potential Effect The APE consists of the maximum Project footprint, which includes the construction of five buildings and associated infrastructure. The APE encompasses approximately 50 acres and reaches to a vertical depth of no more than ten feet. The APE includes all areas where ground disturbing activities are proposed (Attachment A-2).

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2 Environmental Context

2.1 Geography and Geology The Project is located within Napa Valley, a formerly grass filled valley located within the interior California Coast Ranges. The California Coast Ranges were formed by a series of tectonic movements, which created northwest-to-southeast oriented valleys. California’s Coast Ranges extend north towards the Oregon border, south towards the Santa Ynez Mountains, and encompass a total length of 500 miles. The Coast Ranges extend toward the east, ending at California’s Great Central Valley, varying in height from sea level to 5,000 feet in elevation (Schoenherr 1992). The Napa Valley is a generally broad northwesterly trending alluvial basin bordered on the east by the Diablo Range and on the west by the Santa Cruz Mountains. The Project area is located to the north of the Carquinez Straits and to the south of the Napa River floodplain. The underlying sediment in the APE consists of Clear Lake clay, Haire loam, and Fagan clay loam (California Soil Resource Lab 2013). Soils in the APE are formed from alluvial fans and terraces which are composed from alluvium, derived from sedimentary rock (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1969).

2.2 Flora and Fauna The APE consists primarily of non-native annual grassland with seasonal wetlands, and a perennial pond. The APE is generally flat, sloping from 71 feet above sea level in the northeast to 46 feet above sea level in the southwest. A low hill is present southeast of the intersection of South Kelley Road and Devlin Road which appears to have been created through soils storage during the construction of the extension of Devlin Road, yet is now completely vegetated with annual grassland species. The extension of Devlin Road passing through the northwest portion of the site was constructed at some point between 2009 and 2011. Two shallow artificial drainage swales were constructed along the road shoulder on both sides of the road. These features lead to an artificial pond on the south side of the road, adjacent to the western boundary of the APE. The northern drainage connects to this pond through a culvert passing under the new road near the western boundary of the APE. The primary grasses in the Project area include soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus), Italian rye (Festuca perennis), ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), wild oat (Avena fatua), rattail fescue (Festuca myuros), and medusa head (Elymus caput-medusae). Common forbs in the area include wild mustard (Brassica sp.), wild radish (Raphanus sativus), bur clover (Medicago polymorpha), filaree (Erodium botrys), sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), chicory (Cichorium intybus), and blue eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum). The pond covers an area of approximately 0.4 acre and is vegetated primarily with tule (Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis) with a single large willow (Salix sp.) growing in the center. Based on an examination of Google Earth historic aerial imagery, the water level appears to fluctuate widely over the seasons. A series of seasonal wetlands consisting of shallow depressions and swales is present in the southern portion of the site. While the boundaries of these features are indistinct due to the presence of non-native annual grasses and forbs, some wetland species are concentrated in these areas. These species include spikerush (Eleocharis macrostachya), meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum), Mediterranean barley (Hordeum marinum gussoneanum), iris leaved rush (Juncus xiphioides), umbrella sedge (Cyperus eragrostis), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), manna grass (Glyceria declinata), and semaphore grass (Pleuropogon californicus). Wildlife common to the area included meadow lark (Sturnella neglecta), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), and Sierran tree frog (Pseudacris sierrae), Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), and Pacific pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata).

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3 Cultural Context

3.1 Regional Prehistory In general, archaeological research in the San Francisco Bay area has focused on coastal areas, such as San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay, where large shellmounds were relatively easily identified on the landscape. Regardless, archaeological research in San Francisco Bay, Monterey Bay, and along the coast is relevant to the prehistory of the lower Napa Valley. Like much of California cultural chronologies, the San Francisco Bay Area has a complex history. As synthesized recently by Milliken et. al (2007), three major chronologic frameworks exist for the Bay Area: an Archaic-Emergent temporal structure (Fredrickson 1973, 1994); the Central California Taxonomic System/CCTS (Beardsley 1954; Gerow 1968) and a “hybrid system” which utilizes using the overarching CCTS scheme, while further demarcating time depth/period changes regionally, as used in the Archaic- Emergent temporal structure (2007). Specifically, regional cultural patterns and phases are further defined within the San Francisco Bay Area by Dating Scheme D (Milliken et al. 2007). Dating Scheme D utilizes dated Olivella shell bead horizons (Groza 2002). Previous Dating Schemes which use shells, include Scheme A, developed by Heizer and based off of 17 radiocarbon dates (1958); Scheme B, developed by Bennyhoff and Hughes and based off of 180 radiocarbon dates from charcoal, collagen and shell from central California (1987); and Scheme C, which was a synthesis of Schemes A and B (Elsasser 1978). Milliken et al. (2007) recently use the term “bead horizons” to define the passage of short periods of time by the shifts in the trade of specific bead types throughout the Bay area (2007). Specifically, they define it as the Early Period/Middle Period Transition (EMT), followed by the following bead horizons for the Middle Period: M1, M2, M3 and M4 (Milliken et al. 2007). This is followed by the Middle Period/Late Period Transition (MLT) and Late Period (LT) bead horizons, LI and L2 (Milliken et al. 2007). Fredrickson (1973) proposed a chronology for the general San Francisco Bay Area region, which includes the Napa Valley. Fredrickson’s chronology is based off of material patterns and includes the Windmiller Pattern (2,500 B.C. to 1,000 B.C), Berkeley Pattern (2,000 B.C. – A.D. 500) and the Augustine Pattern (A.D. 500-1880 A.D.). The Windmiller Pattern is typified by a hunter-gatherer subsistence pattern, which included the exploitation of wild plants, game and fish. Typical artifacts include clay balls, fishing hooks, fishing spears and ground stone tools. Artifacts from the Berkeley Pattern era reflect an increasing reliance on acorns, as mortars and pestles become more prolific. The Augustine Period was a period of increasing social complexity. Acorns continued to be the dominant food source and settlement patterns reflected an increasing sedentary lifestyle (Moratto 1984). The Lower Archaic, 8000-3500 B.C., is typified in the Bay area by a forager and gatherer lifestyle, as evidenced by the prevalence of millingslabs, handstones, and large wide-stemmed and leaf-shaped projectile points. The Middle Archaic, 3500-500 B.C., saw an increase in the presence of ground stone and cut shell beads, indicating that groups in the Bay area were transitioning to a more sedentary lifestyle, interregional trade was increasing, and as the beads were found in mortuary contexts, that symbolism was becoming a regional identifier (Milliken et. al 2007). The Early Upper Archaic, 500 B.C. to A.D. 430, saw a shift away from cut beads to Olivella beads, and along the bay, a new emphasis on Haliotis ornaments and bone tools, with net sinkers largely disappearing from assemblages (Milliken et. al 2007). The Late Upper Archaic, A.D. 430 to 1050, further defined by the bead phases M1-M4, is a another time of transition, as saucer-shaped Olivella beads disappear from the record and Olivella saddle beads became dominant. The appearance of the saddle shaped Olivella beads coincides with the appearance and increase in Meganos complex dorsal extended burials (Milliken et. al 2007). The Lower Emergent Period, A.D. 1050 to 1550, is characterized by increasing complexity as beads were being produced for collectors as opposed to being produced primarily as mortuary items. Sedentism and increasing social stratification is evidenced by settlement patterns and mortuary practices (Milliken et. al

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2007). The Terminal Late Period saw change in the North Bay, as clamshell disk beads became prevalent, along with the toggle harpoon, hopper mortar, plain corner-notched arrow-sized projectile points, and magnesite tube beads; however, this was not the case in the South Bay. By 1650, only Olivella lipped and spire-lopped beads were present (Milliken et. al 2007). Settlement patterns in the North Bay have varied over time. The currently accepted understanding of settlement patterns in this area is that a foraging and hunter-gatherer lifestyle centering on lacustrine resources remained dominant in the region until the Lower to Middle Archaic. At this point, there was a shift from foraging lacustrine resources to developing semi-permanent villages near marshes and grasslands, in order to gather those specific resources. This was followed by a shift to foragers residing in residential camps, with more consistent settlement occurring in “collector villages” during the Upper Archaic. By the Emergent, collectors were living in semi-permanent villages in oak woodlands, which residential camps were now located along marshes (Milliken et al. 2007).

3.2 Regional Ethnography

3.2.1 Patwin The Project area is within Patwin ethnographic territory. Primary sources on Patwin include the ethnographic accounts of Kroeber (1925, 1932), Powers (1877), McKern (1922, 1923), and the testimony of Princess Isidora, wife of Chief Solano (Sanchez 1930). There are also other secondary publications and overviews discussing Patwin culture (cf., Cook 1976; Johnson 1978). These sources, however, document historic Patwin culture and do not reflect the modern social or political structure of the local Native American community. Patwin are the southernmost members of a group of Native American cultures (i.e., Wintu, Nomlaki, and Patwin) that share a related set of languages. The Patwin are members of California Penutian linguistic stock, and they occupied the southwest portion of the Sacramento Valley, from the lower hills of the eastern North Coast Ranges to the Sacramento River, and from Princeton south to San Pablo and Suisun Bays. Central California supported some the densest populations of Native Americans in North America (Kehoe 1981:378). Kroeber (1925:35) states that prior to contact, Patwin peoples (i.e., the Wintu, Nomlaki and Patwin) totaled nearly 12,000 individuals. Cook (1976:8, 19) suggests that at ethnographic contact the banks of the Sacramento River "were studded with a series of villages that held almost the entire population of the region," and the Sacramento Valley had a population density of approximately 3.35 persons per square mile. Information specifically addressing Patwin political and social organization is relatively scant. Regardless, there is sufficient ethnographic data to provide a description of the Patwin culture. The Patwin were organized into tribelets, which were usually composed of a principal village and a few satellite settlements. Tribelets were small, autonomous, and sometimes bounded by the limits of a small drainage. Each tribelet had a head chief and each village had a chief who administered its economic and ceremonial activities. The position of chief was usually inherited through the male line, but village elders occasionally chose some chiefs. The chief possessed political, ceremonial, and economic powers and enjoyed high prestige (McKern 1922:246). He was the “commissioner” of crops, determined annual harvesting times, allocated lands to family groups, organized resource expeditions (i.e., hunting and wood gathering), and served as the primary distributor of resources (McKern 1922). McKern (1922: 238-240) presented Patwin social structure in terms of three systems: the patrilineal family; the family social group; and the household unit. The patrilineal family and descent were important features of Patwin social life, and the authority bestowed on the headman of each patriarchal family was undisputed, except in matters of tribal authority. Inheritance was determined by paternal descent, and possessions passed between generations included not only property and personal effects, but also non- tangible items such as personal names and ritualistic knowledge (i.e., medicine, healing) (Johnson 1978;

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McKern 1922). The family social group is a larger unit that includes the husbands of female patrilineal family members, and is unified by the authority of the family headman. Matrilocal residence was customary among the Patwin and husbands routinely remained with their wife’s families at least until they acquired enough wealth to establish an independent household. This circumstance allowed female family members to maintain their traditional patrilineal family membership, and subjected husbands to the authority of the headman of their wife’s family. The household unit consisted of individuals sharing a common residence under the authority of a household head that may or may not be the family headman. This social unit was relatively fluid because the Patwin did not practice unilocal residence, and son-in-laws and their wives left the group to establish independent households as soon as it was economically feasible. Another aspect of Patwin social structure identified by McKern (1922:247-254) is the "functional family." McKern identified that certain Patwin families possessed an esoteric ritual or medicine, which was owned and inherited by the family rather than the individual and guaranteed success for the family in certain endeavors. McKern (1922:247) identified four categories of functional families according to their “specialty”. The four categories of functional families are: ceremonial families; trade families; shamanistic families; and official families. Members of each particular functional family were qualified to participate in certain ceremonies or tasks. For example, members of: ceremonial families were qualified to participate in specific ceremonies; trade families were specialists in economic and subsistence tasks (i.e., manufacture of baskets and/or the trapping of ducks or salmon); shamanistic families were qualified to prepare medicines and influence the supernatural; and officiating families had a single member who was identified as a ceremonial song leader, dance fire-tender, or dance drummer. The purpose of the functional families seems to be to recognize the importance of training and supernatural assistance in all social and economic activities, and also to insure success in these activities (McKern 1922: 258). Patwin subsistence relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering a wide variety of plant resources that were located within their territory. Acorns were a major part of their diet, and were obtained from hill and mountain oaks communally owned by the tribelet (Johnson 1978:355). Other easily gathered resources included blackberries, elderberries, wild grapes, new tule shoots, roots and bulbs, honey, salt (acquired from burning salt grass), and tobacco (Kroeber 1932:280). Kroeber's (1932:276) informants, however, did not report a familiarity with many plants (e.g., buckeye, hazelnut, manzanita, Brodiaea sp.) that are dietary staples among other Native American groups. Ethnographic records indicate that large game (e.g., deer, tule elk, antelope) was captured using nets or were shot using bows-and-arrows (Johnson 1978:355). Kroeber (1932:279) reports that two men would hold a wide meshed net while other hunters would drive deer into it, and waterfowl (i.e., ducks, geese, mudhens, quail) were also captured using nets. Fish were also a prime resource, and certain fishing sites were privately owned (Kroeber 1932: 277 278; McKern 1922: 248). Fish (i.e., salmon, sturgeon, perch, chub, sucker, hardhead, pike, and trout) and other riverine resources (i.e., turtles and mussels) were caught with bone fishhooks, nets, seines, and weirs. Food resources were generally stored in bins and granaries, which were made of sticks set into the ground and roofed with tules. Regardless of the broad based character of Patwin subsistence practices, they did have taboos regarding the use of certain resources (i.e., lampreys, frogs, snakes, dogs, coyotes, badgers, skunks, grasshoppers, angleworms, caterpillars, reptiles, some predator animals, and certain birds of prey) (Johnson 1978:355; Kroeber 1932:277). The Patwin manufactured a variety of utilitarian and ceremonial/luxury items, including baskets, stone tools, mortars and pestles, shell beads, and clothing. Coiled and/or twined baskets of willow and/or split tule were used for various purposes including food collection, preparation, serving and storage, baby carriers, and as grave goods interred with the dead (Johnson 1978:356). A variety of tools (i.e., projectile points, bifaces, drills, scrapers, and knives) were manufactured from obsidian, chert, and basalt for both utilitarian (i.e., skinning, butchering) and ceremonial (i.e., burial accompaniment) purposes.

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Mortars of oak and stone and pestles were used to process both plant and animal resources (Johnson 1978: 357). Shell beads were also manufactured for personal adornment and as a medium of exchange. Clothing was generally minimal, and "men went without any covering, women wore skirts or aprons of tule or shredded bark" (Johnson 1978:358; Sanchez 1930:39). Deer hides served as women's skirts and floor mats. Women also wore highly prized belts of bird feathers wrapped around the waist and "strings of beads (abalorios) wrapped around the body from the breast up as far as the neck" (Sanchez 1930:52). Men had long hair coiled on top of the head and fastened with straight bone hairpins (Johnson 1978:358). Other clothing included fur blankets (i.e., rabbit pelts) and leather robes, which were sewn together using bone needles and strings of wild hemp. The Patwin traded for various commodities and subsistence resources using clamshell disc beads as a medium of exchange (Hughes 1994:66; Kehoe 1981:381). Kroeber (1925:364) referred to Patwin territory as a center for several religious sects among groups of central California Native Americans. These sects were generally based on the organization of male secret societies and are characterized by Kuksu or “big- head” dances. Kuksu emphasized curing and shamanistic functions, and its ceremonies generally consisted of impersonating spirits who journeyed from their home to a village, blessed the village, and then returned home (Kroeber 1925:367; Johnson 1978:352; Kehoe 1981:382). In addition, the Patwin were unique among California Native Americans in that they participated in two other initiatory societies: the Hesi and Wai saltu (Kroeber 1932:312). The Hesi was a general dancing society that began with the ceremonial training of boys and was described by Patwin as "gentle" rather than "dangerous" (Kroeber 1932:329). The Hesi had the largest membership and the greatest variety of spirit performers. The Wai- saltu society, similar to the Kuksu, was more limited in membership and was described by the Patwin as “powerful” and “dangerous” (Kroeber 1932:315). Mortuary customs of the ethnographic Patwin involved elaborate mourning ceremonies for the deceased, burial rather than cremation, interment in tightly flexed positions, and the simultaneous burial of one’s possessions at death. Less evident is the practice of burning or pre-interment grave pit preparation. Kroeber (1925:359-361) observed that the Patwin buried their dead in “little graveyards not more than 100 yards from the houses of the living, and often in the village” to prevent grave robbery. Johnson (1978:357) reiterates that cemeteries were usually located within “one end of the community.” Property was buried with the dead in large quantities and in some areas burned near the grave. At death, long burial robes of hemp, or sometimes of bear fur, were wrapped around the deceased body (Johnson 1978:356; Kroeber 1932:281-282).

3.2.2 Wappo The APE also borders the ethnographic territory of the Wappo, which included two divisions by dialect, along the south edge of Clear Lake, and from just above Napa and Sonoma in the south to Cloverdale and Middletown to the north (Sawyer 1978). The Wappo spoke Wappo, which is a dialect of the Yukian language. The Yukian language family includes the Northern Yukian and the Wappo, with three dialects, including Yuki, Huchnom, and Coast Yuki. Northern Yukian did not differentiate into various dialects until relatively recently, within the last 1,000 years (Golla 2007; Sawyer 1978). Wappo political organization was the village, although population estimates per village vary (Kroeber 1925; Sawyer 1978). Villages tended to located near sources of water and usually included two sweathouses (Sawyer 1978). Dwellings at villages were consisted of oval shaped dwellings, with grass thatch over a bent pole framework. Smoke-holes were located in the roof of each house. Each village was loosely organized by a chief. The position of chief was not hereditary, or gender specific. The chief could be elected or appointed, and the former chief could train his or her successor (Sawyer 1978). The Wappo imported yellowhammer headbands and bows from the north, magnesite cylinders from what is now Lake County, and abalone shells and clamshell beads from the coast. The Wappo were semi- sedentary, and lived a mobile lifestyle according to the season. Permanent villages were established in higher elevations and groups would move toward rivers to dwell in summer camps. This mobility may

June 16, 2014 Cardno ENTRIX Cultural Context 3-4 A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center have been more common among the Wappo who lived along the Russian River (Sawyer 1978). The Wappo traveled to the coast to obtain coastal resources, such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed, and also traveled to Glass Mountain to obtain obsidian. Dance was associated with shamanistic rituals and was led by a dance leader, who essentially acted as a doctor (Sawyer 1978). The Wappo traveled extensively for this purpose (Sawyer 1978). Wappo religious practices are not well known, although certain social practices regarding taboos appear to have been practiced. The Wappo are said to have a very traditions to the Pomo (Sawyer 1978). Common resources collected and consumed included: ducks, geese, quail, rabbit, and deer. The Wappo would also collect both salt and freshwater fish and shellfish. Seaweed was gathered, dried, and transported back inland. Acorns, buckeye, and roots were all important plant foods. Sweet pitch, honey, and salt were used as seasonings (Sawyer 1978). Material cultural included such objects as wedges, axes, fire drills, shells, animal skins, and basketry (Sawyer 1978).

3.3 Historic Period and Euroamerican Contact In 1769, Juan Manuel de Ayla, established the first settlement along San Francisco Bay. The Spanish proceeded to establish a presence in the area by establishing a trifecta of presidios, to maintain control of the colonies, pueblos, or towns for the colonists and ranchos, to employ their stockhands. The entire system worked under a missionary system, with the intent to colonize the Indians. A total of four presidios and twenty-one missions were eventually established in the area by 1821 (Beck and Haase 1974). Mission Dolores and Mission San Jose began actively taking Patwin children from local settlements by 1800. Mission Sonoma was built in 1823 and continued to integrate the Patwin until mission secularization occurred in the 1830s (Johnson 1978). After the Mexican Independence in 1822, mission lands became desecularized and were divided into ranchos. Land grants were sold to many British and American entrepreneurs, as they moved into the area. Just prior to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ended the war between the U.S. and Mexico, gold was discovered by John Sutter on the American River (Beck and Haase 1974). The gold rush indirectly helped fuel the expansion of coastal California cities.

3.4 Early Napa County History In 1823, Francisco Castro, Father Jose Altamira and Jose Sanchez led the first expedition into what is now called Napa County, in order to determine the best locations to construct missions. As in many regions of California, the land eventually became divided into Mexican Land Grants. An early explorer, George C. Yount, traveled to the Napa Valley in the early 1830s. General Mariano Vallejo gave Yount the Rancho Caymus land grant, which is now modern day Yountville. A soldier, Nicolas Higuera, of San Francisco, was granted Rancho Entre Napa and Rancho Rincon de los Carneros by Governor Mariano Chico in 1836. These areas are now downtown and south Napa and southwestern Napa County, respectively. Cayetano Jaarez was granted the Rancho Tulucay land in 1841. This land lays to the east of the city of Napa. The city of Napa was officially founded by Nathan Coombs, who obtained a portion of the Rancho Entre Napa land grant in exchange for some carpentry work, from Nicolas Higuera in 1847. Napa was established in 1848 on land that Coombs had previously surveyed. In 1849, Napa County was formed, making it one of the original 27 counties of California. The first building constructed was the Empire Saloon on Main Street. Other early buildings included a general store on Main Street, run by Joseph P. Thompson, and a courthouse built in 1856, at the corner of Coombs and Second Streets. Napa continued to grow and by the 1860s, had a full range of utilities available for use, including a telegraph line as well as electrical and gas service. As the influx of emigrants increased in the 1840s and 1850s, Mexican land grant land holders sold off sections of land to the new arrivals.

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Tanning became a dominant industry at the turn of the last century. In 1939, the Sawyer Tanning Company was “the largest tannery west of the Mississippi” (Napa County Historical Society 2013). Farming also flourished in the region. Much of the labor for agriculture, small industry, and the vineyards came from Swiss, German, Italian and Chinese immigrants. Napa also became well known for its tourist attractions, which included abundant hot springs at such locations as Napa Soda Springs, Calistoga Hot Springs, and Sulphur Springs (Hoover et al. 2002; Napa County Historical Society 2013).

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4 Sources Consulted and Results

4.1 Literature Review Previous Inventories Cardno Cultural Resource Specialist Darren Andolina conducted a cultural resources records search at the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) in Rohnert Park, California on April 12th, 2013 (Appendix B - Confidential). A 1-mile radius around the APE was searched for documented cultural resources. A ½- mile radius around the APE was searched for previous studies. Materials and documentation included previously conducted survey reports, 1863 General Land Office (GLO) Plat Map for Township 4 North, Range 4 West and 1923 GLO Plat Map for Township 4 North, Range 4 West and listings of resources on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR). The records search indicates that the Project APE has been previously surveyed by Strother and Flynn in 1999 (S-22036) and by Jones and Stokes in 2008. Eight previous surveys have been conducted within the ½-mile search radius of the APE (Tables 1 and 2). Three previously recorded cultural resources have been identified within ½ mile of the APE, and eight previously recorded cultural resources have been identified within ½ mile to 1-mile radius of the APE, which include two formally recorded isolates (Tables 3 and 4). No sites have been identified within the APE. Previous report and resource documentation is attached within confidential Appendix C.

Table 1. Previous Studies within ½-Mile Radius of the APE File # Author Title Date S-589 Stradford, Richard A.  An Archaeological Survey of a 1977 and David A. Proposed Borrow Site in Fredrickson American Canyon near Napa, California S-647 Hastings, Richard B.  Lombard Street Overcrossing 1975 Archaeological Historical Field Survey S-10780 Hayes, Mick  Department of Transportation 1989 Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Sale of an Excess Parcel of Land, West of State Highway 29 at Post Mile 2.9 in Napa County S-13464 Roop, William  A Cultural Resources Inventory 1990 of a Proposed Expansion of the Chardonnay Club, Inc., Napa County, California S-16739 Dowdall, Katherine  Department of Transportation 1995 M. Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Construction of a New Caltrans Maintenance Station on Excess Land Parcels 27902-1, 2-7874- 4, and 2783-1, in Napa County, California

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Table 1. Previous Studies within ½-Mile Radius of the APE File # Author Title Date S-28400 Jones, Timothy E.  Petroglyphs in Context: Ritual 2004 Functions of Cupule Petroglyphs in the Southern North Coast Ranges, California: A Thesis Submitted to Sonoma State University S-34252 Origer, Thomas M.  An Archaeological Survey of 1988 and Sharon A. the Green Island Assessment Waechter and Reimbursement District, Napa County, California S-38676 Strother, Eric  A Cultural Resources Survey 2011 for the Devlin Road Extension over Fagan Creek Project, Napa County, California

Table 2. Previous Studies within ¼-Mile Radius of the APE File # Author Title Date S-1200 Ann S. Peak &  Cultural Resource Assessment 1978 Associates of the Napa-American Canyon Wastewater Reuse Program S-12429 Mikkelsen, Pat, John  Archaeological Survey and 1991 Berg, and Paul Evaluation for the Napa Bouey Sanitation District Master Plan Update, Napa County, California S-14137 Loyd, Janine M. and  An Archaeological Survey of 1992 Thomas M. Origer Two Sites for a Proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station, Napa County, California S-16849 King, Gregory  Historic Resource Evaluation 1986 Report on Former Napa Valley Railroad Line: 04-NAP-29, P.M. 22.2/28.4, 04226-111330 S-19171 Beard, Vicki R.  A Cultural Resources Study of 1997 the Hess Collection Winery- American Canyon Property, Napa County, California S-22036 Strother, Eric and  A Cultural Resources 1999 Katherine Flynn Evaluation of the “Napa 218” Parcel, APN 057-090-59, in the Napa County Airport Industrial Area, Napa, Napa County S-22041 Flynn, Katherine S.,  A Cultural Resource Inventory 1983 William Roop and of the Napa Airport Master Ronald Melander Environmental Assessment Area, Napa County, California

June 16, 2014 Cardno ENTRIX Sources Consulted and Results 4-2 A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

Table 2. Previous Studies within ¼-Mile Radius of the APE File # Author Title Date S-24768 Flynn, Katherine  Archaeological Evaluation of 1999 the Proposed Devlin Road Extension Project, Napa, Napa County, California None Jones and Stokes  Cultural Resources Inventory of 2008 the Proposed Napa Airport Corporate Center Development Project, Napa County, California

Table 3. Previously Recorded Sites within a ½-Mile Radius of the APE Primary Number Trinomial Description Date Recorded P-28-000361 CA-NAP-467 2 mortar cups, obsidian flakes 1997 (1977) P-28-000798 CA-NAP-904H Former late 1800s-1900s 1997 homestead P-28-000799 CA-NAP-905 Midden deposit, mortar cups 1997

Table 4. Previously Recorded Sites within a 1/2-Mile to 1-Mile Radius of the APE Primary Number Trinomial Description Date Recorded P-28-000808 CA-NAP-909H  Scatter of historic-era artifacts, 1997 a brick-lined well, and field stone retaining wall that date from 1862 to mid-20th century P-28-000809 CA-NAP-910  Scatter of obsidian and basalt 1997 debitage with one cobble mortar P-28-001156 None  Scatter of obsidian, quartz, and 2001 cryptocrystalline flakes with one basalt “tool” None CA-NAP-769  Three obsidian flakes and one 1991 fishing net weight None CA-NAP-770  Scatter of approximately 20 1991 obsidian flakes None CA-NAP-498H  Scatter of glass, ceramics, and 1977 cut bone dating from 1850 to 1890

Table 5. Previously Recorded Isolates within a ½-Mile to 1-Mile Radius of the APE Primary Number Trinomial Description Date Recorded P-28-000806 None Obsidian flake 1997 P-28-000807 None Obsidian uniface 1997

June 16, 2014 Cardno ENTRIX Sources Consulted and Results 4-3 A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

4.2 Native American Correspondence On April 11, 2013, a sacred lands search and request for a Native American contact list for the area was sent to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) (Appendix D). On January 24, 2014, the NAHC responded with a list of Native American contacts, which failed to indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources within the immediate project area. A contact list of individuals and Native American groups was provided, which included. Cardno drafted contact letters on behalf of the District to all individuals on the contact list provided by the NAHC. On January 28, 2014, letters were mailed to each individual listed on the NAHC contact list. This list of individuals included Chairperson Charlie White for the Cortina Band of Indians, Chairperson Marshall McKay and Native Cultural Renewal Committee members Cynthia Clarke and Leland Kinter, of the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, and Mr. Kesner Flores. On February 21, 2014, Mr. James Sarmento, Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Cultural Resources Manager, responded by letter to state that based on the information provided to the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, there are known cultural resources near the Project. Mr. Sarmento expressed his concern that potential impacts to cultural resources would need to be considered during the planning stages for the Project. Cardno responded to Mr. Sarmento by letter, stating that potential impacts to cultural resources would be considered during the planning phases of the Project. On May 15, 2014, Cardno Cultural Resources Specialist Michella Rossi conducted follow-up phone calls to all individuals listed on the NAHC contact list who had not responded. Ms. Rossi left detailed messages at all numbers called. She was able to reach Mr. Flores, who requested a copy of the Project Location Map, which Ms. Rossi provided to him via email that same day. Ms. Rossi also reached Chairperson Wright who requested another week to respond to the letter. On May 23, 2014, Ms. Rossi contacted Chairperson Wright again, as requested. At that time, Chairperson Wright said he did not have any comments or concerns pertaining to the project. As of May 30, 2014, no additional responses have been received.

4.3 Paleontological Review Per CEQA guidelines, a review of the APE for potential paleontological resources was conducted by assessing the Paleontological database created by the northern California museum repository at the University of California, Berkeley, Museum of Paleontology (UCMP). No paleontological resources were identified as being in the APE as a result of the search.

June 16, 2014 Cardno ENTRIX Sources Consulted and Results 4-4 A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

5 Field Visit

5.1 Project Personnel All cultural resources work for the proposed Project was conducted under the direct supervision of Principal Investigator Joshua Peabody M.A. Mr. Peabody was responsible for overall Project management and implementation, including fieldwork and report writing. Assisting field crew included Cardno Cultural Resources Specialist Ashley Hallock M.A. Both Mr. Peabody and Ms. Hallock meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Professional Qualifications in Archaeology and History. Resume’s for all personnel may be found in Appendix F.

5.2 Field Visit A field visit of the entire APE was conducted on April 22, 2013 by Ashley Hallock. All access routes and the road shoulder were extensively examined. The condition of the APE had not changed since the Cultural Resources Inventory was completed by Jones and Stokes in 2008. Ground surface visibility was extremely low throughout much of the survey area (>1% - 5%) (Figure 1). The majority of vegetation consisted of thick non-native grasses and weeds. Patches of marshy ground were prevalent throughout the survey area. The marshy areas offered better surface visibility (5%), but were frequently impassable due to thick mud and rushes.

Figure 1. Photo 2095: Example of ground surface visibility throughout marshy areas.

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6 Summary and Recommendations

6.1 Summary Panattoni Development Company is proposing to construct an approximately 50 acre Corporate Center near the City of American Canyon, Napa County, California (Attachment A). The proposed Project includes the construction of five buildings used for warehouse and winery warehouse and associated infrastructure, including parking lots, driveways, and utilities. As the proposed Project activities within District 3 only will affect the waters of the United States, the Project proponent must meet requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, and therefore, is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District. To comply with state regulations, Cardno conducted archaeological and historical investigations in the Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Area of Potential Effects (APE) during April 2013. These investigations included background research at the Northwest Information Center in Rohnert Park, California; a sacred lands search conducted by the Native American Heritage Commission; and a field visit to verify field conditions had not changed since the Cultural Resources Inventory that was previously completed by Jones and Stokes in 2008. Three previously recorded cultural resources were identified within ½ mile of the APE, yet no sites have been identified within the APE.

6.2 Recommendations Cultural resource investigations for the Project are complete and are adequate for Project needs. These investigations did not identify any cultural resources within the Project APE. Regardless of these findings, it is always possible to inadvertently uncover cultural resources or human remains during ground disturbing Project activity. Therefore, if any cultural resources or human remains are uncovered during ground disturbing Project activity it is recommended that all activity cease within 25 feet of the discovery and a qualified archaeologist be retained to determine the significance of the discovery.

If human remains are found, the County Coroner is required to be contacted under Section 7050.5 of California’s Health and Safety Code to assess the discovery. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the Native American Heritage Commission will be notified and procedures outlined in the CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(e) will be followed. All work must stop in the vicinity of the resource and a qualified Cultural Resources Specialist shall be notified immediately.

Prehistoric resources that may be identified include, but are not limited to, shell and bone, net weights, stone tools and manufacturing debris made of chert and other stone materials, milling equipment such as portable mortars and pestles, and soils (midden) that may contain dietary remains as well as human remains. Historic resources that may be identified include, but are not limited to small cemeteries or burial plots, structural foundations, railroad grades, and dumps containing cans with soldered seams or tops and bottles or fragments of clear and colored glass. Section 7050 of the California Health and Safety Code states that it is a misdemeanor to knowingly disturb a human burial. If human remains are encountered (or are suspected) during any Project-related activity: a. Stop all work within 100 feet; b. Immediately contact a qualified Cultural Resource Specialist, who will then notify the county coroner; c. Secure location, but do not touch or remove remains and associated artifacts; d. Do not remove associated spoils or pick through them;

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e. Record the location and keep notes of all calls and events; and f. Treat the find as confidential and do not publically disclose the location. If the human remains are of Native American origin, the coroner must notify the Native American Heritage Commission within 24 hours of such identification. The most likely descendant shall work with the Cardno CRS and the applicable agency to develop a program for re-interment or other disposition of the human remains and any associated artifacts. No additional work shall take place within the immediate vicinity of the find until the Cardno Cultural Resources Specialist and applicable agency gives approval.

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7 References

Ann S. Peak & Associates. 1978. Cultural Resource Assessment of the Napa-American Canyon Wastewater Reuse Program. Prepared by Ann S. Peak & Associates. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-1200. Beard, Vicki R. 1997. A Cultural Resources Study of the Hess Collection Winery-American Canyon Property, Napa County, California. Prepared for Paula J. Whealen and James C. Hanson, Consulting Civil Engineers. Prepared by Tom Origer & Associates. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-19171. Beardsley, R.K. 1954. Temporal and Areal Relationships in Central California Archaeology. University Of California Archaeological Survey Reports 24:1-62; 25:63-131. Bennyhoff, J.A. and R.E. Hughes. 1987. Shell Bead and Ornament Exchange Networks Between California and the Western Great Basin. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 64: 79-175. California Soil Resource Lab. 2013. Electronic document, http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/soilweb/, accessed April 30, 2013. Cook, S.F. 1976. Population of the California Indians 1769-1970. University of California Press, Berkeley. Dowdall, Katherine M. 1994. Department of Transportation Negative Archaeological Survey Report for a New Caltrans Maintenance Station on Excess Land Parcels 27902-1, 2-7878-4, and 2783-1, Napa County, California. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-16739. Elsasser, A.B. 1986. Review of the Prehistory of the Santa Clara Valley Region. Archives of California Prehistory 7. Coyote Press, Salinas. Flynn, Katherine S., William Roop and Ronald Melander. 1983. A Cultural Resource Inventory of the Napa Airport Master Environmental Assessment Area, Napa County, California. Prepared for Larry Seemans and Associates, Inc. and Conservation-Development and Planning Department, County of Napa. Prepared by Archaeological Resource. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-22041. Flynn, Katherine. 1999. Archaeological Evaluation of the Proposed Devlin Road Extension Project, Napa, Napa County. Prepared for Riechers Spence and Incorporated. Prepared by Archaeological Resource Service. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-24768. Fredrickson, D.A. 1973. Early Cultures of the North Coast of the North Coast Ranges, California. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Gerow, B.A. 1968. An Analysis of the University Village Complex with a Reappraisal of Central California Archaeology. Stanford University Press, Stanford, with R. Force. Groza, R.G. 2002. An AMS Chronology for Central California Olivella Shell Beads. Master’s thesis. Department of Anthropology, California State University, San Francisco. Hastings, Richard B. Lombard Street Overcrossing Archaeological Historical Field Survey. Prepared for W.H. LaMon. Prepared by the Department of Transportation. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-647.

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Hayes, Mick. 1989. Department of Transportation Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Sale of an Excess Parcel of Land, West of State Highway 29, Napa County, California. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-10780. Hughes, R. E. 1994. Toward a New Taxonomic Framework for Central California Archaeology: Essays by James A. Bennyhoff and David A. Fredrickson. Assembled and edited by Richard E. Hughes. Contributions of the University of California No. 52, Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, California. Johnson, Patti J. 1978. Patwin. In Handbook of the North American Indians, Volume 8, California, edited by R. F. Heizer, pp. 350-360. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Jones, Timothy E. 2004. Petroglyphs in Context: Ritual Functions of Cupule Petroglyphs in the Southern North Coast Ranges, California. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Sonoma State University. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-28400. Kehoe, A.B. 1981. North American Indians: A Comprehensive Account. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice- Hall, Inc. King, Gregory. 1986. Historic Resource Evaluation Report on Former Napa Valley Railroad Line: 04- NAP-29, P.M. 22.2/28.4, 04226-111330. Prepared by the Environmental Analysis Branch of the Department of Transportation District 4. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-16849. Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. . 1932. The Patwin and Their Neighbors. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29(4):253-423. Berkeley. Loyd, Janine M. and Thomas M. Origer. 1992. An Archaeological Survey of Two Sites for a Proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station, Napa County, California. Prepared by Tom Origer & Associates. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-14137. McKern, W. C. 1922. Functional Families of the Patwin. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 13(7):235-258. Berkeley. . 1923. Patwin Houses. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20(10):159-171. Berkeley. Mikkelsen, Pat, John Berg, and Paul Bouey. 1991. Archaeological Survey and Evaluation for the Napa Sanitation District Master Plan Update, Napa County, California. Prepared for Napa Sanitation District. Prepared for Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-12429. Milliken, Randall, Richard T. Fitzgerald, Mark G. Hylkema, Randy Groza, Tom Origer, David G. Bieling, Alan Leventhal, Randy S. Wiberg, Andrew Gottsfield, Donna Gillette, Viviana Bellifemine, Eric Strother, Robert Cartier, and David A. Fredrickson. 2007. Punctuated Culture Change in the San Francisco Bay Area. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture and Complexity, edited By Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 99-124, AltaMira Press, United Kingdom. Moratto, Michael J. 1984. California Archaeology. Academic Press, Orlando. Napa County Historical Society. 2013. Electronic document, http://wordpress.napahistory.org/wordpress/?page_id=1107/, accessed May 1, 2013.

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Origer, Thomas M. 1988. An Archaeological Survey of the Green Island Assessment and Reimbursement District, Napa County, California. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-34252. Powers, S. 1877. Tribes of California. Contributions to North American Ethnology 3. U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, Washington. Roop, William. 1990. A Cultural Resources Inventory of a Proposed Expansion of the Chardonnay Club, Inc., Napa County, California. Prepared for Chardonnay Club, Inc. Prepared by Archaeological Resource Service. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S- 13464. Sanchez, N. Van de Grift. 1930. My Years with Chief Solano. Translated by Nellie Van de Grift Sanchez. Touring Topics 22(2):39, 52. Sawyer, Jesse O. 1978. Wappo. In Handbook of the North American Indians, Volume 8, California, edited by R. F. Heizer, pp. 256-263. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Stadford, Richard A. and David A. Fredrickson. 1977. An Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Borrow Site in American Canyon near Napa, California. Prepared by The Anthropological Laboratory, Sonoma State University. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-589. Strother, Eric and Katherine Flynn. 1999. A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the “Napa 218” Parcel, APN 057-090-59, in the Napa County Airport Industrial Area, Napa, Napa County, California. Prepared for Beringer Wine Estates. Prepared by Archaeological Resource Service. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-22036. . 2011. A Cultural Resources Survey for the Devlin Road Extension Over Fagan Creek Project, Napa County, California. Prepared for Chaudhary & Associates, Inc. Prepared by Tom Origer & Associates. On file at the Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park, California. S-38676. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. 1969. Soil Survey: Napa County, California.

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APPENDIX A PROJECT MAPS

Project Vicinity ¦

Map Projection: Map Date: 06 | 25 | 13 Area Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) NAPA AIRPORT CORPORATE CENTER Enlarged North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) SOUTH KELLY ROAD Zone 10 North Linear Unit: Meter

02.5 5 10 15 20

Scale in Miles 1:600,000 A1: Project Vicinity Map Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_ProjVicinityPt_8by11_01.mxd ³

CORDELIA QUAD CORDELIA CUTTINGS WHARF QUAD CUTTINGS

District 1 ¦

District 2 ¦

District 3

Legend District Location

QUAD Map Projection: Map Date : 05 | 29 | 14 MAP Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) NAPA AIRPORT CORPORATE CENTER North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) Zone 10 North SOUTH KELLY ROAD Linear Unit: Meter CUTTINGS WHARF 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

Scale in Feet District Project 1:24,000 (Absolute Scale) 1 inch = 2,000 feet Boundary Map

Path: Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_DistrictLocation_8by11_03.mxd ³ S Kelly Rd

APE ¦

Hwy 29

Devlin Rd Devlin Rd

Legend Area of Potential Effects (APE)

Scale in Feet 1:4,000 Area of Potential Effects

Path: Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_DistrictAPE_8by11_02.mxd ³ Isolated Livestock Trough

!¦

0 50 Feet

F F

A A H

Noted but Not Recorded I

E S S

Isolated Livestock Trough D

¦ O

I T

! C

C ¦

Project Location/Area of Potential Effects

Legend ! Isolated Livestock Trough Contains Confidential Information Project Location/Area of Potential Effects Not for Distribution

Map Date: 06 | 25 | 13 QUAD Map Projection: MAP Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) NAPA AIRPORT CORPORATE CENTER North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) SOUTH KELLY ROAD Zone 10 North CUTTINGS Linear Unit: Meter WHARF 0500 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

PLSS: T4N R4W Scale in Feet Section 12 1:24,000 A-3: Resource Location Map

Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_CultResc_8by11_03.mxd ³

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

APPENDIX B RECORDS SEARCH MAPS AND STUDIES (CONFIDENTIAL)

S-13464 S-12429

S-38676

Project Location/Area of Potential Effects ¦

S-24768

S-22036 Jones & Stokes, 2008

S-22036 S-14137 P-19171

S-1200 S-14137

S-589 S-16739

S-16849

P-10780 S-34252

S-647

Legend Project Location/Area of Potential Effects Previous Surveys Record Search Area (1/2 Mile Radius)

Map Date: 06 | 25 | 13 QUAD Map Projection: SOUTH KELLY ROAD MAP Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) NAPA AIRPORT CORPORATE CENTER Zone 10 North Linear Unit: Meter CUTTINGS WHARF 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 B1: Record Search Results PLSS: T4N R4W Scale in Feet Section 12 1:24,000 STUDIES

Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_RecordsSearchSurveys_8by11_01.mxd ³ CA-Nap-769

P-28-000807 ¦ P-28-000809

CA-Nap-770 ¦ ¦ P-28-000798 Project Location/Area of ¦ Potential Effects

¦ P-28-000808 ¦

¦ ¦ P-28-001156 P-28-000799

P-28-000361

498H

F F

A A

S S

T U

Legend C Cultural Resource Project Location/Area of Potential Effects Record Search Area (1/2 Mile Radius) Contains Confidential Information Record Search Area (One Mile Radius) Not for Distribution

Map Date: 06 | 25 | 13 QUAD Map Projection: SOUTH KELLY ROAD MAP Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) NAPA AIRPORT CORPORATE CENTER Zone 10 North Linear Unit: Meter CUTTINGS WHARF 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 B2: Record Search Results PLSS: T4N R4W Scale in Feet Section 12 1:24,000 CULTURAL RESOURCES

Z:\GIS\Entrix\39663003_Napa\map\Cultural\NapaAirport_RecordsSearchResources_8by11_01.mxd ³

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

APPENDIX C RECORDS SEARCH SITE RECORDS (CONFIDENTIAL)

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

APPENDIX D NATIVE AMERICAN COORDINATION

From: Ashley Hallock To: Native American Heritage Commission ([email protected]) Subject: 2nd SLS Request for Napa County April 11 Date: Thursday, April 11, 2013 10:40:00 AM Attachments: image001.gif NAHC Cover Sheet Napa County April 11.docx

Hello Debbie

I have attached the cover sheet for 1 Sacred Lands search request for Napa County. This is my second Napa County request for today, April 11th.

Please call or email if you have any questions. Thanks, Ashley Hallock

Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION 915 Capitol Mall, RM 364 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 653-4082 (916) 657-5390 – Fax [email protected]

Project: Napa Airport Corporate Center County: Napa USGS Quadrangle Name: Cuttings Wharf Township __4N_ Range __4W_ Section(s) ___ 12 (MDM)

Project Description: The construction of the Napa Airport Corporate Center.

Company/Firm/Agency: Cardno ENTRIX

Contact Person: Ashley Hallock Street Address: 701 University Ave., Suite 200 City: Sacramento Zip: 95825 Phone: 916-386-3802 Email: [email protected]

Ashley Hallock STAFF SCIENTIST/CULTURAL RESOURCES SPECIALIST CARDNO ENTRIX Phone (+1) 916-923-1097 Fax (+1) 916-923-6251 Address 701 University Avenue, Suite 200, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA Email [email protected] Web www.cardno.com - www.cardnoentrix.com

This email and its attachments may contain confidential and/or privileged information for the sole use of the intended recipient(s). All electronically supplied data must be checked against an applicable hardcopy version which shall be the only document which Cardno warrants accuracy. If you are not the intended recipient, any use, distribution or copying of the information contained in this email and its attachments is strictly prohibited. If you have received this email in error, please email the sender by replying to this message and immediately delete and destroy any copies of this email and any attachments. The views or opinions expressed are the author's own and may not reflect the views or opinions of Cardno.

Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 USA January 28, 2014 Phone 916 923 1097 Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 Kesner Flores www.cardno.com P.O. Box 1047 Wheatland, CA 95692 www.cardnoentrix.com

RE: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County

Dear Kesner Flores:

I am writing in regard to a cultural resources investigation that I am conducting on behalf of Panattoni Development Company, LLC. Panattoni Development Company, LLC. is proposing the expansion of the Napa Airport Corporate Center on North Kelly Road in Napa, Napa County, California.

As part of our scoping process we requested a sacred lands search and list of individuals who may have knowledge of the cultural resources within the project area from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The sacred lands search did not indicate the presence of any areas of concern. Your name appears on the NAHC list of individuals who may know more about the cultural resources of the project area. Any information you have in this regard would greatly help our effort to identify all properties of concern for this project.

If you have information about cultural resources within the project area or any questions please write to:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX, Inc, 701 University Avenue, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

Or email me at [email protected]. You may also call me at (916)386-3802 if you have any questions.

Sincerely, Australia • Belgium • Canada • Ecuador • Indonesia • Kenya • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea

Peru • United Arab Emirates • United Kingdom • United States • Operations in 70 countries 2

Ashley Hallock Cultural Resources Specialist/ RPA for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: MR

www.cardnoentrix.com

Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 USA January 28, 2014 Phone 916 923 1097 Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 Cynthia Clarke, Native Cultural Renewal Committee www.cardno.com P.O. Box 18 Brooks, CA 95606 www.cardnoentrix.com

RE: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County

Dear Cynthia Clarke:

If you have information about cultural resources within the project area or any questions please write to:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX, Inc, 701 University Avenue, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

Or email me at [email protected]. You may also call me at (916)386-3802 if you have any questions.

Sincerely, Australia • Belgium • Canada • Ecuador • Indonesia • Kenya • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea Peru • United Arab Emirates • United Kingdom • United States • Operations in 70 countries

Ashley Hallock Cultural Resources Specialist/ RPA for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: MR

www.cardnoentrix.com

Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 USA January 28, 2014 Phone 916 923 1097 Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 Leland Kinter, Native Cultural Renewal Committee www.cardno.com P.O. Box 18 Brooks, CA 95606 www.cardnoentrix.com

RE: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County

Dear Leland Kinter:

If you have information about cultural resources within the project area or any questions please write to:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX, Inc, 701 University Avenue, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

Or email me at [email protected]. You may also call me at (916)386-3802 if you have any questions.

Ashley Hallock Cultural Resources Specialist/ RPA for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: MR

www.cardnoentrix.com

Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 USA January 28, 2014 Phone 916 923 1097 Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 Marshall McKay, Chairperson www.cardno.com P.O. Box 18 Brooks, CA 95606 www.cardnoentrix.com

RE: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County

Dear Marshall McKay:

If you have information about cultural resources within the project area or any questions please write to:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX, Inc, 701 University Avenue, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

Or email me at [email protected]. You may also call me at (916)386-3802 if you have any questions.

Ashley Hallock Cultural Resources Specialist/ RPA for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: MR

www.cardnoentrix.com

Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 USA January 28, 2014 Phone 916 923 1097 Cortina Band of Indians Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 Charlie Wright, Chairperson www.cardno.com P.O. Box 1630 Williams, CA 95987 www.cardnoentrix.com

RE: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County

Dear Charlie Wright:

If you have information about cultural resources within the project area or any questions please write to:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX, Inc, 701 University Avenue, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825

Or email me at [email protected]. You may also call me at (916)386-3802 if you have any questions.

Ashley Hallock Cultural Resources Specialist/ RPA for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: MR

www.cardnoentrix.com

April 1, 2014 Cardno ENTRIX

701 University Avenue Marshall McKay Suite 200 Tribal Chairman Sacramento, CA 95825 Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation USA

PO Box 18 Phone 916 923 1097 Brooks, California 95606 Toll-free 800 368 7511 Fax 916 923 6251 www.cardno.com

www.cardnoentrix.com Subject: Napa Airport Corporate Center Project, Napa County, CA (Identification Number YD-02042014-02)

Dear Mr. McKay:

I am writing in response to your letter, concerning the Napa Airport Corporate Center Project (Project).

In your letter, you informed us that the Project is within the aboriginal territories of the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation and that furthermore, the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation is aware of known cultural resources near this project. In your letter, you request that we consider the potential impacts of cultural resources in the area during the planning phase for this project.

Cardno ENTRIX will incorporate your concerns regarding this project into our report. If you have any further questions, please let us know:

Ashley Hallock Cardno ENTRIX Staff Scientist/Cultural Resources Specialist 701 University Ave. Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95816 p (916)386-3802 f (916)923-6251 [email protected]

Sincerely,

Australia • Belgium • Canada • Colombia • Ecuador • Germany • Indonesia • Italy • Kenya • New Zealand • Papua New Guinea • Peru • Tanzania • United Arab Emirates • United Kingdom • United States • Operations in 85 countries

2 April 1, 2014

Ashley Hallock Staff Scientist/Cultural Resources Specialist for Cardno ENTRIX Direct Line 916 386 3802 Email: [email protected]

Writer: ah

www.cardnoentrix.com

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916)923-1097 | Fax (916) 923-6251 www.cardnoentrix.com

CONVERSATION RECORD

Telephone

Personal Contact (i.e., lunch, meeting, etc.)

Date: 5-15-2014 By: M. Rossi Kesner Flores 14:30 Conversed With: Time: Napa Airport Corporate Company: Project Name: Center 925-586-8919 Phone No.: Project No.:

Subject: Follow Up Calls

Remarks: Called Mr. Flores he requested that I email him a copy of the letter and Project Location Map to his email address [email protected]. A copy of this email is saved with this conversation record.

Follow-up:

Filename and Path Revised March 2009

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916)923-1097 | Fax (916) 923-6251 www.cardnoentrix.com

CONVERSATION RECORD

Telephone

Personal Contact (i.e., lunch, meeting, etc.)

Date: 5-15-2014 By: M. Rossi Marshall McKay, 14:38 Conversed With: Time: Chairperson Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Napa Airport Corporate Company: Project Name: Center 530-796-3400 Phone No.: Project No.:

Subject: Follow Up Calls

Remarks: Called Mr. Mckay. I was directed to his secretary, Cathy Wright. I left her a message regarding the Project and a number to contact me back.

Follow-up:

Filename and Path Revised March 2009

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916)923-1097 | Fax (916) 923-6251 www.cardnoentrix.com

CONVERSATION RECORD

Telephone

Personal Contact (i.e., lunch, meeting, etc.)

Date: 5-15-2014 By: M. Rossi Cynthia Clarke 14:45 Conversed With: Time: Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Napa Airport Corporate Company: Project Name: Center 530-796-3400 (office) Phone No.: Project No.:

Subject: Follow Up Calls

Remarks: I was informed that the cultural department review these letters and that James Sormento from their cultural department would be notified and contact me back (see Kinter letter for more details)

Follow-up:

Filename and Path Revised March 2009

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916)923-1097 | Fax (916) 923-6251 www.cardnoentrix.com

CONVERSATION RECORD

Telephone

Personal Contact (i.e., lunch, meeting, etc.)

Date: 5-15-2014 By: M. Rossi Leland Kinter 14:41 Conversed With: Time: Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Napa Airport Corporate Company: Project Name: Center 530-979-6346 or 530-796- Phone No.: Project No.: 3400 (office)

Subject: Follow Up Calls

Remarks: Called Mr. Kinter. The 530-979-6346 was unavailable. I called the office number and was informed he was not in. I was also informed that the cultural department reviews these letters and that James Sormento from their cultural department would be notified and contact me back.

Follow-up: I received a voicemail from James Sormento (see above remarks) on Friday 5-16-2014 with a phone number to call him back 530-723-0452.

On 5-19-2014 at 10:35 I called James Sormento at the number requested and spoke to James he said he would go through his letters to verify he received the letter and would call me back in five minutes or so. James called me back and informed me that he responded to the letter back on February 19th. He explained he mailed it to A. Hallock at Cardno ENTRIX but would re-mail the letter in the event Cardno ENTRIX did not receive it.

Filename and Path Revised March 2009

Cardno ENTRIX 701 University Ave., Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916)923-1097 | Fax (916) 923-6251 www.cardnoentrix.com

CONVERSATION RECORD

Telephone

Personal Contact (i.e., lunch, meeting, etc.)

Date: 5-15-2014 By: M. Rossi Charlie Wright, Chairperson 14:33 Conversed With: Time: Cortina Band of Indians Napa Airport Corporate Company: Project Name: Center 530-473-3274 Phone No.: Project No.:

Subject: Follow Up Calls

Remarks: Called Mr. Wright whom said he did not recall the letter and would need to go back through his files and revise it and the map. I asked if he would like me to contact him at a later date in order to give him time to review the letter. He asked that I contact him back in the middle of next week 5/21-5/22.

Follow-up: Called Mr. Wright on 5/23/2014. He did not have any comments or concerns pertaining to the project. He asked if anything is identified that the tribe be contacted.

Filename and Path Revised March 2009

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

APPENDIX E SITE VISIT PHOTOGRAPHS

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2090: Overview of the Project Area by Kelly Rd. and Devlin Rd. Intersection. View East (83°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2091: Overview ground surface visibility. View direct, 4/22/13, \ A. Hallock.

Page 1 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2092: Overview of the eastern half of Project Area. View Southwest (243°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2093: Pond in eastern half of Project Area. View East (109°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 2 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2094: Overview of survey area-toward Kelly Rd. View North (339°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2095: Ground surface visibility throughout marshy areas. View Direct, 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 3 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2096: Overview of rise in eastern portion of Project Area. View Northeast (55°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2097: Overview of the western portion of the survey area. View Southwest (233°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 4 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2098: Overview of the western portion of the survey area. View South (186°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2099: Overview of the western portion of the survey area. View Northeast (65°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 5 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2100: Overview of concrete feature in western portion of survey area. View Direct, 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2101: Concrete feature-rebar visible. View Direct, 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 6 of 8

Napa Airport Corporate Center Project Photos

Photo 2102: Overview of western portion of survey area. View Northwest (329°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Photo 2103: Overview of western portion of survey area, from access gate. View West (265°), 4/22/13, A. Hallock.

Page 7 of 8

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Napa Airport Corporate Center

APPENDIX F STAFF RESUMES

Joshua B. Peabody

Current Position Summary of Experience Senior Project Scientist Mr. Peabody has 15 years of experience in archaeology. His expertise lies in the analysis / Cultural Resources of animal bones from archaeological sites. The bulk of his career has focused on the Specialist identification and preservation of archaeological sites through cultural resource management. He has worked for private industry as well as the State of California and the Discipline Areas Federal Government. His field experience ranges from pedestrian archaeological survey to > Faunal analysis testing and data recovery excavations. Prior to Cardno ENTRIX, he served as the USFS > Human skeletal district archaeologist for the Amador District of the Eldorado National Forest, where his biology duties included daily execution of the cultural resources program under the Eldorado > Lithic analysis Programmatic Agreement. This included evaluating impacts to cultural resources for permit and lease renewals, and performing site inventory and evaluations pursuant to Section 106 Years' Experience of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). One of his roles in the district was to 15 Years oversee management of the Mormon/Carson Immigrant trail. His duties associated with this effort included interfacing with OCTA members and performing Native American Joined Cardno consultation at sensitive sites. Prior to this, he served as crew leader on an Enterprise 2009 Team based in the Lassen National Forest leading crews performing pedestrian archaeological surveys and excavation when he was USFS archaeologist for three years. Education This experience included work in seven National Forests and on the Lassen Emigrant Trail. > MA, Anthropology, UC Santa Cruz, Significant Projects 2004 > BA, Anthropology, Project Manager and Archaeologist – Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), Gas On-Call Cultural CSU Chico, 2001 Resources Services, California Mr. Peabody is responsible for the execution and management of services provided to Affiliations PG&E on its Reliability, Improvement, and Maintenance (RIM) program. He has acted as > American project manager on more than 100 projects in the program and managed a staff of six in- Anthropological house archaeologists and multiple subcontractors performing all aspects of cultural Society resources compliance work. > Society for American Archaeology Archaeologist – Southern California Edison Big Creek Hydroelectric Relicensing, San > Society for California Joaquin River Watershed, California Archaeology Cardno ENTRIX prepared the Exhibit E for the Big Creek Hydroelectric Relicensing. Mr. Peabody performed national register evaluations of 3 sites near Huntington Lake and performed pedestrian survey of about 250 acres in support of individual gage and recreation area improvements. Principal Investigator – US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Montana Mountains Fuels Reduction, Winnemucca, Nevada Mr. Peabody directed and authored the survey and national register evaluation report for this 4,000 acre fuels improvement project. Fifty-five sites were identified, recorded, and evaluated for eligibility. Principal/Project Manager – Little Hot Creek Travel Management, Inyo National Forest, California Mr. Peabody served as the principal investigator, analyst, and author of a multi-site integrity testing program supporting the Inyo National Forest’s travel management plan implementation. His duties included author, principal investigator, and lithic analyst. Principal/Project Manager – PG&E Managed Projects, California Mr. Peabody serves as principal investigator and project manager for all Cardno ENTRIX www.cardnoentrix.com JOSHUA B. PEABODY Page 1 of 4 www.cardno.com

cultural resources work in support of utility operations throughout the PG&E service area. His duties include overseeing six employees and subcontractors performing work from desktop review to Section 106 compliance. Archaeologist/Author – Environmental Impact Analysis, USACE Pajaro River Levee Enhancement, Monterey County, California Mr. Peabody served as lead author on the combined EIR/EIS draft. He collected existing data on cultural resources, consulted with Native American tribes, and coordinated with USACE cultural resources staff to draft the cultural resources section of the environmental document. The document is a combined NEPA/CEQA assessment of project alternatives. Archaeologist – Middle Fork American River FERC Hydroelectric Relicensing, Placer County, California Mr. Peabody was the archaeologist for Placer County Water District’s relicensing of the Middle Fork American River hydropower project (8 rivers and streams and 4 reservoirs) using FERC’s Integrated Licensing Process (ILP). He performed data analysis and served as coauthor on portions of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility report. Report sections he completed were in support of meeting Section 106 of the NHPA (1966) as amended. Principal/ Project Manager – PG&E E-Screen, California Mr. Peabody serves as principal investigator and project manager for all cultural resources work performed by Cardno ENTRIX in support of utility operations throughout the PG&E service area. He oversees a staff of six employees and the subcontractors performing work from desktop review to Section 106 compliance. Cultural Resource Manager – Chico, Butte County, California Mr. Peabody performed project oversight and management working with a variety of governmental agencies, including the National Park Service, Department of Reclamation, Department of Agriculture, US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, County of Butte, City of Chico, Chico State University, and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. He prepared environmental and cultural management reports, developed proposals and small to large-scale project budgets, and managed office and fieldwork. He supervised up to 11 employees, including payroll and job training. He has extensive fieldwork experience on National Park lands in Yosemite Valley acting as co-principal investigator and fieldwork lead on 14 NRHP test excavations. He has also performed archival cultural and ecological research at the Yosemite National Park Archives in Foresta. Cultural Resource Manager – Chico, Butte County, California Mr. Peabody prepared cultural resource management reports, supervised employees, and managed fieldwork, and he assisted in the development of proposals and budgets and the management of contracts. Environmental Planner (District Archeologist) – Amador District of Eldorado National Forest, Pioneer, California Mr. Peabody’s duties included day-to-day execution of the cultural resources program under the Eldorado Programmatic Agreement. This included developing grazing allotment plans and evaluating impacts to cultural resources for permit and lease renewals, performing site inventory and evaluations pursuant to Section 106 of the NHPA, and serving as supervisor for a small crew of technicians. One of his roles in the district was to oversee management of the Mormon/Carson Immigrant trail. Associated duties included interfacing with OCTA members and performing Native American consultation at sensitive sites associated with westward expansion along the trail. He provided contract oversight and management and worked with intra-agency departments, including the Grazing, Timber, Fire, Hydrology, and Biology Departments. He prepared environmental and cultural

JOSHUA B. PEABODY Page 2 of 4

management reports, developed RFPs and annual budgets, and managed fieldwork, and he worked with the public during interpretive activities and supervised employees and volunteers. Archeologist (G7) – Enterprise Team, Lassen National Forest, California Mr. Peabody served as crew leader on an Enterprise Team based in the Lassen National Forest leading crews performing pedestrian archaeological survey and excavation for almost three years. During that time, he served as an instructor on a PIT project involving the excavation of campsites along the Lassen Emigrant Trail in Lassen County. During his tenure working for the Enterprise Team, he worked in the Shasta-Trinity, Mendocino, Lassen, Plumas, Eldorado, Modoc and Tahoe National Forests. His primary duties were organizing and leading fieldwork and report writing. Researcher – Moss Landing, Monterey County California Mr. Peabody researched animal bone and cultural sites and taught students how to interpret and analyze animal bones and associated cultural sites.

Certifications > 40 hour HAZWOPER training, current through May 2011 > Red Cross electronic defibrillator and CPR training, current > OSHA Certified Competent Person/Trenching and Shielding (Current)

Publications Papers and Presentations > A Stone Tool Cache from the Sub-Alpine Sierra Nevada. Presented at the 2006 SAA Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico. > How and Why the Quadratic Crown Height Method of Age Estimation Does Not Work. With Diane Gifford-Gonzalez. Poster presented at the 2004 SAA Conference, Montreal, Canada. > Prehistoric Deer Hunting in the western Sierras. UCSC Department of Anthropology Brown Bag Lunch Series, October 7, 2003. > Zooarchaeology an Overview. Lecture given for Anthropology 3 Introduction to Archaeology, Spring 2004. > The Time of the Season, Dental Increment Analysis in Archaeology. With C.J. O’Brien. California State University, Chico-Anthropology Forum, March 16, 2000. Research And Environmental Reports > Peabody, Joshua B. (2005). Contributions to: Grazing management plan for the Amador Ranger District. On file at Eldorado National Forest District office, Pioneer, California. > Contributions to the Eldorado National Forest Off-Highway-Vehicle Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement. (2006). > Peabody, Joshua B. (2001). Archaeological Inventory of the Stony Ridge QLG / DFPZ and Group Selection Project. On file at Plumas National Forest District office, Blairsden, California. > Peabody, Joshua B. (2000). Archaeological Reconnaissance of 700 Acres on the Devils Garden Ranger District, Modoc National Forest. On file at USDA Forest Supervising Office, Modoc National Forest, Alturas, California. > Peabody, Joshua B. and C.J. O’Brien (1999). Cementum Increment Analysis of Deer Teeth from San Jose, California. Archaeological Research Program, Chico, California.

JOSHUA B. PEABODY Page 3 of 4

Training > NEPA compliance training, USDA Forest Service, 2005 > Human vs. Nonhuman Identification of Bone Workshop, CSUC, 2000 > ArcGIS (USDA Forest Service, 2005)

JOSHUA B. PEABODY Page 4 of 4

Ashley Hallock

Current Position Summary of Experience Staff Scientist / Cultural Ms. Hallock has four years experience in cultural resources management (CRM). She has Resources Specialist worked in diverse environments for a variety of industries and circumstances, including wind energy projects, transmission lines, road construction, bridges, and highway Discipline Area expansion. Her experience includes pedestrian surveys, project monitoring, and > Palynology excavation, with notable expertise in monitoring, on both large- and small-scale projects. > Prehistoric Ms. Hallock’s graduate studies specialized in palynological studies, focusing on the archaeology paleoenvironment of Belize.

Years' Experience Significant Projects 7 Years Archaeologist Joined Cardno th Cultural Resources Specialist – 30868222 11 Street Permitting Support Project, Tracy, 2011 California Education For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a > MA, Anthropology, desktop review. emphasis in Archaeology, Cultural Resources Specialist – 30911173 Santa Maria 2109 Blitz Distribution Managed Washington State Project, Santa Maria, California University, 2009 For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a > BA, Anthropology, desktop review. concentration in Archaeology, Cultural Resources Specialist – 30861293 Lakewood 2109 Blitz Distribution Managed Western Project, Concord, California Washington For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a University, 2006 desktop review. > AA, Lower Columbia College, Cultural Resources Specialist – 30847177 Gill 402 Distribution Managed Project, Concord, 2004 California Professional For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a Registrations desktop review. Registered Professional Archaeologist, Cultural Resources Specialist – Burney (1) L-400 and 401 MP 111 Span Maintenance Washington, 2009 Project, Shasta County, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted survey and completed the final report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Willows (2) L-400 MP 122.187 Span Maintenance Project, Tehama and Shasta Counties, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted survey and completed the final report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Madera County Proposed Land Donation for Water Reclamation and Recreational Land Use Project, Oakhurst, California For this Madera County project, Ms. Hallock assisted with pedestrian survey of approximately 200 acres, site recordation and report writing.

www.cardnoentrix.com ASHLEY HALLOCK Page 1 of 7 www.cardno.com

Cultural Resources Specialist – 31894020 Eldorado Irrigation District’s Main Ditch- Forebay to RES 1 Project, Eldorado County, California For this Eldorado Irrigation District project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations which included pedestrian survey and report assistance.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30939451 Robbins, Sheffield Rd. E-Screen Project, Sutter County, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations which included a record search at the Northeast Information Center in Chico, California, pedestrian survey, site recordation and a report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30907826 R4E Ext PM Permitting Support Project, Williams, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a desktop review.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30907823 R4E RBL (3) Highway 20 Permitting Support Project, Colusa, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a desktop review.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Ponderosa Fire Emergency Timber Harvest Survey, Manton, California For this PG&E emergency timber harvest project, Ms. Hallock assisted with pedestrian survey of 420 acres, site recordation and report writing.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30902483 Caltrans Gas Project at the Intersection of Tudor Road and Highway 99, Yuba City, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations which included a record search at the Northeast Information Center in Chico, California, pedestrian survey and a report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30863510 Full RTC: R4 Blitz-Jessup 1102 Permitting Support Project, Anderson, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a record search at the Northeast Information Center in Chico, California and a letter report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30926076 Davis UCD Fisheries E-Screen Project, Davis, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted survey and assisted in report writing.

Cultural Resources Specialist, PG&E E-Screen Project, Various locations in California For multiple Environmental Screening projects, Ms. Hallock has conducted Native American correspondence, which include sacred land search requests sent to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), and when applicable, letters and follow-up phone calls to individuals listed as contacts provided by the NAHC.

ASHLEY HALLOCK PAGE 2 OF 7

Cultural Resources Specialist – 31782941 High School Road HDD Gas Project, Sebastopol, California For this PG&E gas project, Ms. Hallock assisted with archaeological monitoring.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30903339 Ameresco San Joaquin Landfill Project, Valley Springs, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a record search at the Central California Information Center in Turlock, California, pedestrian survey for 123 wood pole locations, site recordation, and report writing.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Napa DFM 0405-01 Gas Project, Napa, California For this PG&E gas project, Ms. Hallock assisted with archaeological monitoring.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30864228 West Lane 1103 Permitting Support Project, Stockton, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a record search at the Central California Information Center in Turlock, California, a desktop review, and a report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30783593 Coleman-Red Bluff Permitting Support Project, Tehama County, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report for the Bureau of Land Management for proposed wood pole replacements.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30827449 R4E GPRP Olive Drive Permitting Support Project, Davis, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a desktop review and a report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30889963 DFM 1614-01 MP Gas Project, Lodi, California For this PG&E gas project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Hat Creek-Westwood No. 1 30557752 Wood Pole Replacement Project For this PG&E Project, Ms. Hallock assisted with archaeological investigations for the USDA Forest Service and PG&E, which included a record search at the Northeast Information Center in Chico, California, a record search at the Eagle Lake Ranger Station, and pedestrian field survey.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30906504 Buena Vista Valve Replacement Gas Project, Amador County, California For this PG&E gas project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30873885 HPR Clements Gas Project, Clements, California For this PG&E gas project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report.

ASHLEY HALLOCK PAGE 3 OF 7

Cultural Resources Specialist – Western Care Construction for the construction of the Timberline Assisted Care Facility in Auburn, California Ms. Hallock coordinated with a Native American monitor and assisted with excavations.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30826350 Highway 104 Wood Pole Replacement, Sutter Creek, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Brandt Road PLS 30889911 Gas Project, Clements, California For this PG&E gas Project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Colgate Challenge 30543355 Wood Pole Replacement Project For this PG&E Project, Ms. Hallock assisted with additional archaeological investigations for the USDA Forest Service and PG&E.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Ione Tap 30889905 Permitting Support Project, Clements, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and report for a gas project.

Cultural Resources Specialist – MRC 10 30799615 Permitting Support Project, Olivehurst, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey for a gas project.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Ferretti Road E-Screen Project, Groveland, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey of a wood pole replacement location for a transmission line.

Assistant Manager – Wood Pole Replacement Project, Various Locations, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock assisted in the management of cultural resources work.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Wood Pole Replacement Project, Smartsville, California This project for PG&E was a survey of various wood pole replacement locations for transmission lines throughout the Grass Valley and Smartsville areas for PG&E.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Clearlake-Eagle 30787045 Wood Pole Replacement Project, Middletown, Clearlake, and Kelseyville, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey and prepared a report for various wood pole replacement locations for transmission lines.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Cordelia #2 30839336 Wood Pole Replacement Project, Cordelia, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey and prepared a report for a wood pole replacement for a transmission line.

ASHLEY HALLOCK PAGE 4 OF 7

Cultural Resources Specialist – Fort Bragg-Elk 30672648 Wood Pole Replacement Project, Fort Bragg, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey and prepared a report for a wood pole replacement for a transmission line.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Upper Llagas Creek and Levee Cultural Resources Assessment, Morgan Hill, California For this Santa Clara Water District project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations included survey and assistance with report completion.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Flint Tap Wood Pole Replacement Project, Auburn, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey of a wood pole replacement location for a transmission line.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Wood Pole Replacement, Project, Grizzly Island Wildlife Area, Solano County, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations that included a survey and assistance with report completion.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Wood Pole Replacement Project, Laytonville and Willits, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey of various wood pole replacement locations for transmission lines.

Cultural Resources Specialist – E-Screen Project, Philipsville, California For t his PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey of various wood pole replacement locations for transmission lines throughout the Philipsville area.

Cultural Resources Specialist – 30854823 SR 99 Highway Widening Project, Stockton, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted archaeological investigations for this survey and provided a survey and assistance with report writing.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Wood Pole Replacement Project, Junction 1 30771324, Colusa and Grimes, California For this PG&E project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey of wood pole replacement locations for transmission lines.

Cultural Resources Specialist – FERC Hydroelectric Relicensing project, Huntington Lake, California For this Southern California Edison project, Ms. Hallock provided excavation and assistance with report completion for the Huntington Lake Campground improvement project.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Sobrante Substation, Sobrante, California For this PG&E substation improvements project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey and prepared the associated report.

ASHLEY HALLOCK PAGE 5 OF 7

Cultural Resources Specialist – San Bruno Substation, San Bruno, California For this PG&E substation improvements project, Ms. Hallock conducted a survey and prepared the associated report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Hiddenbrooke Backtie PG&E Transmission Line Improvement, Benicia, California Archaeological investigations for this project include survey, recording of sites, and compiling a report.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Capay 4th Ave. E-Screen Project, Orland, California This project involved a record search, survey, and associated report for a PG&E transmission line project.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Jameson Substation, Fairfield, California This project was a survey for PG&E substation improvements.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Southern California Edison FERC Hydroelectric Relicensing project, Shaver Lake, California Ms. Hallock assisted with survey and report completion for the Dorabelle Campground improvement project for Southern California Edison.

Cultural Resources Specialist – Salton Sea SHC Project, Brawley, California Ms. Hallock assisted with survey and report completion for the Salton Habitat Conservation project for the US Army Corps of Engineers and the California Natural Resources Agency.

Archaeological Assistant – Portland, Oregon Ms. Hallock served as an archaeological assistant for a private cultural resources firm performing pedestrian survey, excavation, and monitoring for nearly three years. During that time, Ms Hallock, served as a supervisor for a large-scale monitoring project for a wind farm in Washington state. She worked in a variety of areas, southwestern Washington, central Washington, the Columbia Plateau, and southeastern Oregon, as well as within the greater Portland, Oregon, area.

Palynologist Laboratory Technician – Washington State University, Pullman, Washington Ms. Hallock worked as a laboratory technician within an archaeological palynological laboratory at Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. During her year there, she processed pollen, learned identification techniques for pollen types using a Nikon compound stereomicroscope, and prepared reports and conference papers based on her analysis.

Certifications > American Red Cross, First Aid, 2011 > American Red Cross, CPR, 2011 > American Red Cross, AED, 2011

Presentations > Taken with a Grain of Salt: A Palynological Perspective on Belizean Paleoecology and Salt Production. With Dr. John Jones. Paper presented at the 2008 SAA Conference, Vancouver, BC

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