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Cultural Resources (Includes Historical and Archaeological Resources ) NAPA COUNTY BASELINE DATA REPORT . CHAPTER 14 CULTURAL RESOURCES (INCLUDES HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ) PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to provide a CHRONOLOGY OF UPDATES summary of known cultural resources in Napa County. This chapter is based on the review of NOVEMBER 30, 2005—VERSION 1 numerous existing background reports and publications that contain information on prehistoric, historic, scientific, and cultural resources in Napa County. This document and the data assembled provide broad tools for site and regional planning as well as the basis for future planning documents relating to the protection and management of the County’s rich cultural resources. HISTORIC WINE CAVE, CONSTRUCTED IN 1882 NAPA COUNTY BASELINE DATA REPORT CULTURAL RESOURCES FIGURES TABLE OF CONTENTS On page INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................14-1 14-1 Ethnographic Territories of the Wappo, Patwin and Surrounding Tribes ..............................14-9 Purpose ................................................................................................................................14-1 Specialized Terms Used.......................................................................................................14-1 MAPS POLICY CONSIDERATIONS..............................................................................................................14-1 Federal Policies ....................................................................................................................14-1 Follows page State Policies........................................................................................................................14-2 Local Policies........................................................................................................................14-3 14-1 Prehistoric and Historic Archeological Sites........................................................................14-18 14-2 Historic Architectural Resources .........................................................................................14-18 METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................................14-4 Definition of Study Area........................................................................................................14-4 14-3 Cultural Sensitivity...............................................................................................................14-18 Technical Process ................................................................................................................14-4 Methods and Approach.........................................................................................................14-5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS PREHISTORIC CONTEXT .................................................................................................................14-6 Early Archaeological Investigations in Napa County ............................................................14-6 Recent Research in Napa County ........................................................................................14-7 ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation First Inhabitants ....................................................................................................................14-8 BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management Tribal Groups........................................................................................................................14-9 B.P. Before Present CEQA California Environmental Quality Act HISTORICAL CONTEXT .................................................................................................................14-11 Early History .......................................................................................................................14-11 CRHR California Register of Historical Resources Rancho Period....................................................................................................................14-12 GIS Geographic information system Early American Settlement .................................................................................................14-12 MOA Memorandum of agreement Viticulture Industry ..............................................................................................................14-13 NAHC Native American Heritage Commission CONCLUSIONS AND REPORT UPDATE RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................14-14 NEPA National Environmental Policy Act Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................. 14-14 NHPA National Historic Preservation Act Archaeological Resources ..................................................................................................14-14 NRHP National Register of Historic Places Architectural and Historical Resources...............................................................................14-14 NWIC Northwest Information Center REFERENCES CITED ....................................................................................................................14-15 PRC Public Resources Code SB18 Senate Bill 18 SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer TABLES UC University of California USBR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation On page USGS U.S. Geological Survey 14-1 Previously Recorded Archaeological Resource Sites In Napa County................................. 14-4 14-2 Historic Architectural Features In Historic Resource Dataset ............................................... 14-5 14-3 Sensitivity Ranking for Archaeological Sites across the Landscape..................................... 14-6 CULTURAL RESOURCES—VERSION 1, NOVEMBER 2005 -14-i- NAPA COUNTY BASELINE DATA REPORT Historic property is a term defined by the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as any INTRODUCTION prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), including artifacts, records, and material remains his chapter provides a detailed discussion of the cultural resources that have been identified related to such a property. T to date throughout Napa County (County). For the purposes of this discussion, the County is discussed as a whole as opposed to according to specific evaluation areas. This chapter Historical resource is a CEQA term that includes buildings, sites, structures, objects, or districts details the federal, state, and local policies that govern cultural resource protection and preservation in that may have historical, prehistoric, architectural, archaeological, cultural, or scientific importance the County; the ethnographic, prehistoric, and historic settings for the County; the methods used to and is listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). identify and create maps of known archaeological, historic, architectural, recreational, and scientific resources; the likelihood and type of future finds expected; and conclusions regarding cultural resource importance in the County. POLICY CONSIDERATIONS PURPOSE This section discusses the federal, state, and local policies that are relevant to the analysis of cultural resources in Napa County. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the known prehistoric, historic, and current cultural resources present in Napa County, a projection of the overall extent (number) of the FEDERAL POLICIES The term cultural resource describes different resources present, a discussion of their context; and recommendations for protection and preservation types of properties and sites—including as appropriate. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT prehistoric, historic, and architectural sites—that have been created, manufactured, or used by This chapter also aims to provide clear guidance regarding the County’s policy and procedures for the The use of federally owned land controlled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the U.S. Bureau people of the prehistoric or historic past and that identification and treatment of previously undiscovered cultural resources that have not yet been of Land Management (BLM) or any project involving the use of federal funds triggers review under the that are of cultural or scientific importance. inventoried by professional archaeologists and architectural historians. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). NEPA addresses potential adverse effects on districts, sites, highways, structures, or objects listed or eligible for listing in the NRHP, and requires mitigation SPECIALIZED TERMS USED for loss or destruction of significant scientific, cultural, or historical resources. The following are common specialized terms used to discuss regulatory requirements and the treatment NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT of cultural resources. Section 106 of the NHPA requires that, before beginning any undertaking, a federal agency take into account the undertaking’s effects on historic properties and afford the Advisory Council on Historic Cultural resource is the term used to describe several different types of properties, such as those listed below, that have been created, manufactured, or used by people of the prehistoric or historic Preservation (ACHP) an opportunity to comment on these actions. The Section 106 process entails the past. following six basic steps. 1. Initiate
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