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BULL. GEOL. SOC. AM., VOL. 47 ANDERSON, PL. 1 Buckingham Peak

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BULL. GEOL. SOC. AM., VOL. 47 ANDERSON, PL. 1 Buckingham Peak BULL. GEOL. SOC. AM., VOL. 47 ANDERSON, PL. 1 Figure 1. M ount Konocti from the East Buckingham Peak (right) with the main cone to the left. Sulphur Banks in the middle ground. Figure 2. Eastern slope of M ount Konocti Truncating the ends of the lava flows. MOUNT KONOCTI Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/47/5/629/3415343/BUL47_5-0629.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 47, PP. 629-664. 6 PLS., 8 FIGS. M AY 31, 1936 VOLCANIC HISTORY OF THE CLEAR LAKE AREA, CA LIFO RN IA BY CHARLES A. ANDERSON CONTENTS Pago Introduction........................................................................................................................ 630 Pre-volcanic rocks.............................................................................................................. 631 Cache formation................................................................................................................. 632 Distribution and description..................................................................................... 632 Intercalated volcanic rocks....................................................................................... 634 Basalt east of Clear Lake.................................................................................. 634 Basalt south of Clear Lake............................................................................... 637 Structure and stratigraphic relationship............................................................... 638 Age................................................................................................................................ 639 Lavas southeast of Mount Konocti................................................................................. 640 General statement...................................................................................................... 640 Petrography of the dacite and obsidian.................................................................. 640 Mount Konocti Volcano.................................................................................................... 641 General description.................................................................................................... 641 Rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks........................................................................................ 643 Lava flows.................................................................................................................... 644 General statement.............................................................................................. 644 Petrography........................................................................................................ 644 Tuffs............................................................................................................................. 647 Breccia......................................................................................................................... 648 Lava field south and east of Mount Konocti......................................................... 648 Recent volcanic activity.................................................................................................... 649 Lava flows and cinder cones..................................................................................... 649 Sulphur Banks............................................................................................................ 649 Cinder cones east of Sulphur Banks........................................................................ 651 Andesites east of High Valley.................................................................................. 653 Borax Lake and the adjacent flows of dacite and obsidian................................. 654 General statement.............................................................................................. 654 Petrography......................................................................................................... 655 Basalts southeast of Thurston Lake........................................................................ 656 Chalk Mountain dacite.............................................................................................. 656 Little Borax Lake....................................................................................................... 658 Basalts south of Mount Konocti.............................................................................. 658 Alignment of vents..................................................................................................... 658 Summary of volcanic history and petrography.............................................................. 659 Chemical composition of the lavas................................................................................... 659 History of Clear Lake........................................................................................................ 662 (629) Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/47/5/629/3415343/BUL47_5-0629.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 630 C. A. ANDERSON— VOLCANIC HISTORY OF CLEAR LAKE AREA ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Index map of northern California............................................................................. 631 2. Air view across Clear Lake........................................................................................ 632 3. Olivine basalt intercalated in Cache formation and silicic dacite........................ 636 4. Cache formation........................................................................................................... 638 5. Topographic map of Mount Konocti and lava field to the southeast................642 6. Rhyodacite and dacite................................................................................................ 646 7. Recent lavas................................................................................................................. 652 8. Variation diagram of the Clear Lake lavas............................................................. 660 Plate Facing page 1. Mount Konocti............................................................................................................ 629 2. Geologic map of the area surrounding the southern half of Clear Lake..............634 3. Crater remnants on Mount Konocti........................................................................ 644 4. Rhyodacite lava field................................................................................................... 645 5. Recent lava flows.........................................................................................................650 6. Chalk Mountain and Little Borax Lake.................................................................. 651 Table 1. Analyses and norms..................................................................................................... 640 INTRODUCTION Geologists have long known of the presence of Pleistocene and Recent lava flows and cones around the southern half of Clear Lake, California, but very little has been written regarding these features since the pioneer work of Becker,1 although several papers have appeared in reference to the quicksilver deposits at Sulphur Banks. Lack of suitable base maps has inhibited geologic mapping. However, a soil survey was published recently by Carpenter, Storie, and Cosby,2 and they prepared a base map by means of plane-table traverses, using an automobile speedometer for measuring distances. Unfortunately, no topography is expressed on this map, but the location of the roads and shore of Clear Lake are accurately shown. Using their map as a base, aided by the topographic maps of the War Department, the writer mapped the volcanic rocks. This paper covers the results of the study. Clear Lake lies in the midst of the Coast Range, about 90 miles north of San Francisco (Fig. 1). According to the recent advance sheet of the Lakeport quadrangle (United States Geological Survey), the lake surface is at an elevation of 1,318 feet; several surrounding hills rise about 1,000 feet above the level of the lake, and Mount Konocti rises 2,800 feet above it. The lake is about 20 miles long and about 1 to 7 miles wide (Fig. 2). The writer was aided by two generous grants; one, from the Board of Research, University of California, was used in the preparation of thin 1 G. F. Becker: Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope, U. S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 13 (1888). aE. J. Carpenter, R. E. Storie, and S. W. Cosby: Soil survey of the Clear Lake area, California, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Chem. and Soils, Seiv 1927, no. 13 (1931). Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/47/5/629/3415343/BUL47_5-0629.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 INTRODUCTION 631 sections, and the other, from the Penrose Bequest of the Geological Society of America, was used to defray the cost of chemical analyses. F igure 1.—Index map of northern California Showing the location of Clear Lake and the area mapped, in relation to the various geologic provinces. Professor C. F. Shaw, of the University of California, kindly made available copies of the base map for the field study. Professor Howel Williams has been of great aid in critically reading the manuscript and in many helpful discussions. PRE-VOLCANIC ROCKS The oldest rocks exposed in the area belong to the Franciscan forma­ tion of Jurassic (?) age. Those
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