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In-Depth Review of the WEEE Collection Rates and Targets in the EU-28, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland

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In-Depth Review of the WEEE Collection Rates and Targets in the EU-28, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland In-depth review of the WEEE Collection Rates and Targets in the EU-28, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland Authors: C.P. Baldé, M. Wagner, G. Iattoni, R. Kuehr Study conducted by: United Nations University (UNU) / United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) – co-hosting the SCYCLE Programme Copyright and Publication Information Contact information: organisations in the WEEE Forum, and national delegates for providing input For enquires please contact the corresponding author C.P. Baldé, via during the project and in the writing phase. Special gratitude is extended to the [email protected]. members who provided support within the Project Team: Lucia Herreras, Pascal Leroy from WEEE Forum, Sarah Downes from REPIC, Marta Yuste from Fundación Please cite this publication as: Ecotic, Laure Morice, Marie Zinzindohoue, Nathalie Yserd from ecosystem, and C.P. Baldé, M. Wagner, G. Iattoni, R. Kuehr, In-depth Review of the WEEE Collection Eleonore Vanneste from Recupel. Rates and Targets in the EU-28, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland, 2020, United Nations University (UNU) / United Nations Institute for Training and Research Disclaimer: (UNITAR) – co-hosting the SCYCLE Programme, Bonn, Germany. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Design and Production by: Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNU/UNITAR SCYCLE and Op de Kaart, Nienke Haccou, www.bureauopdekaart.nl. (UNITAR) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The Project Steering Group consisted of: Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial nature with no intention of Ecodom Consortium, Ecologic, Ecosystem, Fundación ECOTIC, ECOTIC Romania, infringement of trademark or copyright laws. Moreover, the views expressed in this Electrão, Recupel, Consorzio Remedia, REPIC, SENS Foundation, Wecycle, WEEE publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Electrocyclosis Cyprus Ltd., WEEE Ireland, and WEEE Malta. UNU/UNITAR, nor does citing of trade names, companies, schemes, or commercial processes constitute endorsement. We regret any errors or omissions that may Funding partners included: have unwittingly been made. © Maps, photos, and illustrations as specified. WEEE Forum and following PROs in alphabetical order: Appliances Recycling, Ecodom Consortium, Ecologic, Ecosystem, Fundación ECOTIC, ECOTIC Romania, Electrão, Recupel, Consorzio Remedia, REPIC, SENS Foundation, Wecycle, WEEE This publication is licensed by the United Nations University/United Electrocyclosis Cyprus Ltd, and WEEE Malta. Nations Institute for Training and Research under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO License. Please take the time to learn more Acknowledgement: about Creative Commons. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by The authors acknowledge Eurostat, the delegates of the producer responsibility the above. Copyright and Publication Information 2 Table of contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 9 5. Review of methods for collection target calculation ........................................ 52 Addendum ................................................................................................................... 14 5.1 WEEE Generated-based methodology .................................................................... 52 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................18 5.1.1 Review of EEE POM impact on WEEE Generated .............................................. 53 2. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 22 5.1.2 Review of lifespan on WEEE Generated .................................................................56 2.1 Measurement framework of WEEE statistics ....................................................... 22 5.1.3 Impact of the economy on WEEE Generated ........................................................ 57 2.2 Definitions and concepts ............................................................................................. 23 5.1.4 Review of other models to calculate WEEE Generated .......................................61 2.3 Data sources .................................................................................................................... 25 5.2 POM in the three preceding years-based methodology .......................................64 3. Distance to target analysis .................................................................................... 26 5.2.1 Impact of PV Panels on EEE POM ...........................................................................64 3.1 EEE POM, WEEE Collection, and WEEE Generated .........................................26 5.2.2 Impact of open scope on EEE POM ..........................................................................65 3.2 Collection targets ...........................................................................................................28 5.2.3 Review of the EEE POM methodology ....................................................................69 4. Analysis of factors affecting WEEE collection .................................................. 32 5.3 Synthesis of target methodologies ............................................................................70 4.1 Other WEEE flows ........................................................................................................ 32 6. Recommendations ................................................................................................. 72 4.1.1 WEEE mixed in metal scrap ....................................................................................... 33 7. Country Profiles ..................................................................................................... 78 4.1.2 WEEE in waste bins ......................................................................................................34 7.1 The Netherlands ............................................................................................................ 79 4.1.3 Used-EEE exported for reuse ..................................................................................... 35 7.2 Belgium ............................................................................................................................82 4.1.4 Illegal WEEE exports ...................................................................................................36 7.3 France ...............................................................................................................................86 4.1.5 WEEE from businesses ................................................................................................. 37 7.4 Italy ....................................................................................................................................91 4.2 Implementation of WEEE legislation .....................................................................39 7.5 Romania...........................................................................................................................96 4.2.1 Application of the WEEE collection targets...........................................................39 7.6 Ireland ........................................................................................................................... 100 4.2.2 Enforcement ...................................................................................................................40 7.7 United Kingdom ..........................................................................................................104 4.2.3 Substantiated estimates ..............................................................................................40 7.8 Switzerland ................................................................................................................... 110 4.2.4 All actors approach .......................................................................................................43 7.9 Spain ................................................................................................................................114 4.2.5 Mandatory handover ...................................................................................................44 7.10 Portugal ...........................................................................................................................118 4.2.6 Clearing house ................................................................................................................45 7.11 Greece ............................................................................................................................. 122 4.2.7 Financial incentives .....................................................................................................46 7.12 Cyprus ............................................................................................................................. 125 4.3 Behaviour and Economic factors ..............................................................................46 7.13 Malta...............................................................................................................................128
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