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Final Cross-Border Assesment Prevention of Deforestation and Soil Erosion in the Forest Territories in Burgas District, Republic

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Final Cross-Border Assesment Prevention of Deforestation and Soil Erosion in the Forest Territories in Burgas District, Republic Joint Istranca Region Protection for Sustainable Development – IRPSD FINAL CROSS-BORDER ASSESMENT PREVENTION OF DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION IN THE FOREST TERRITORIES IN BURGAS DISTRICT, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA AND KIRKLARELİ DISTRICT, REPUBLIC OF TURKEY The project is co-funded by EU through the Bulgaria – Turkey IPA Cross-Border Programme (CCI number 2007CB16IPO008) 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 5 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 6 I. STRATEGIC POLICYCONTEXT ............................................................................................ 9 II. GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS. SCOPE OF SHARED NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................................................................ 11 III. LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNANCE, PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY............................................................................................................................................ 13 IV. ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT SITUATION OF FOREST SECTOR IN CROSS-BORDER REGION ................................................................................................................ 16 V. SWOT ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................... 74 VI. FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING SYSTEM: HOW TO MOVE TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ................................................. 78 VII. MISSION ....................................................................................................................................... 91 VIII. EU POLICY IN THE FIELD OF CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS ......................................................................................................... 93 IX. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN R. BULGARIA ............................................................................................................................... 100 X. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN R. TURKEY ................................................................................................................................... 109 XI. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 113 XII. ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................................................. 116 XIII. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………......134 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAV - Аcts of administrative violations IPA - Important Plant Areas HPP - Hydro Power Plant CO2 - Carbon dioxide GDG - General Directorate of Forestry FP - Forestry plan DAUP - Directorate of Architecture and Urban Planning SWS - State Water Supply SFR / SHR - State Forest and Hunting Reserves EU - European Union ETC - European Territorial Cooperation EAFRD - European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development ROFLFDA – Law on recovery of forests and forest lands properties LFFMT - Legislation in the field of forests, management and trade EFA - Executive Forest Agency IPA - Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance FMP – Forest Management Project MG - Ministry of Forests MAF - Ministry of Agriculture and Food MEW - Ministry of Environment and Water MEU - Ministry of Environment and urbanization MD - Ministry of Development MRDPW- Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works MLSP - Ministry of Labour and Social Policy NSRD - National Strategy for Regional Development NDP BG 2020 - National Development Programme: Bulgaria 2020 NSFD - National Strategy for Forest Development 3 NSRD - National Strategy for Regional Development NDP - National Development Plan NEL - National Emission Limit NFM - National Forestry Management NGO – Non-government organization CAP - Common agricultural policy OO - Operational objective WADI - Water and Sewerage Department Istanbul EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment NP - Nature Park FPE - Fire prevention events WFD - Water Framework Directive RIE - Regional Inspectorate of Education RIEW - Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water RDF - Regional Directorate of Forestry SEA - Strategic Environmental Assessment SO - Strategic Objective JPPDSE - Joint plan for prevention of deforestation and soil erosion CBC – Cross-border cooperation FMT - Forest management team 4 INTRODUCTION The final cross-border assessment for prevention of deforestation and soil erosion in the forest territories in Kirklareli district, Republic of Turkey and Burgas district, Republic of Bulgaria presents joint analysis of the current situation and perspectives for nature protection of forest areas in Istranca/Yildiz Mountains. The aim of the final cross-border assessment is to provide summarized base information for development of Joint plan for deforestation and soil erosion prevention (JPDSEP) in the target cross-border region and initiate the long-term and large-scale protection and sustainable use of the Strandzha - Yildiz Mountains by means of a participatory and adaptive management planning process. The most significant challenges facing the forestry sector in Burgas district and Kirklareli district and both countries Turkey and Bulgaria as a whole in recent years are related to the impact of climate change and forest management in order to adapt to climate change, the conservation and maintenance of the biological and landscape diversity in forest areas, the protection of forests from natural disasters, fires and illegal activities, the division between the economic and control functions in state forests and the implemented institutional changes aimed at strengthening its viability. The growing needs of the public for benefits and services from the forests lead to increasing the contradictions between the views of different stakeholders with regard to the sustainable and efficient management of the forestry sector. This requires a more efficient use of the existing and development of new instruments so that on the basis of the sustainable management of forest ecosystems to achieve a balance between the functions and services provided by them. This document was prepared under the “Joint Istranca Region Protection for Sustainable Development – IRPSD” Project, funded by the Bulgaria – Turkey IPA Cross-Border Programme. It is related to one of the strategic objectives of the project, namely the reduction of the negative impacts of human activities through a joint plan to prevent deforestation and soil erosion in forest areas in the target cross-border areas. 5 BACKGROUND Deforestation- Think globaly, Act locally Forests are cleared all around Deforestation began thousands of years ago for building ships and houses. However, over the last 20 years, more than 300 million hectares of tropical forests (an area larger than the size of India) have been cleared for plantations, agriculture, pasture, mining, or urban development. Today forests cover only half of the area they did when agriculture began 11000 years ago. This earlier loss of 50% of the Earth’s forests is sufficient, in itself, to severely disrupt the global carbon cycle, the world for a number of reasons, including: • Harvesting of timber to produce wood and paper products; • Clearing land for farms, cash-crop plantations, and cattle ranching; • Clearing land for urban development, including homes and roads. Forests are also being destroyed by acid rain resulting from our pollution-causing activities and through the introduction of disease and invasive species. Deforestation is a very real environmental threat. Our once vast forests are disappearing. All around the world, trees are being cut down too quickly for earth to regenerate new forests. What happens when forests are cleared? Floods and soil erosion The roots of a tree make gaps in the soil so that when it rains the water can sink in before being absorbed by the soil. These spaces also allow air and water to reach the roots of the plants. When trees removed using heavy machinery, the soil is pushed down and the gaps fill in. Because all plants and trees need that water and air to reach roots, the conditions become unfriendly for new growth. Because the soil no longer can absorb the water, when it rains the water remains on the top of the soil and this can result in floods. The moving water also can completely wash away the top layer of the soil. This is called soil erosion. Without the top layer of soil, which is full nutrition, plants are not fed and find it hard to grow. What we lose: About 24 billion tons of agricultural topsoil (the top layer of soil) wash or blow away each year. Drought Forests help produce rainfall. The more trees, the more water gets absorbed into clouds and the more rain falls. If the forests disappear, there will be less rain resulting in dryer conditions that eventually lead to drought. Once this happens, the damage is extensive making it difficult to plant more trees or plants later because the soil is so hard and dry. 6 Greenhouse gases and acid rain The earth's atmosphere contains a number of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases trap the heat from the sun inside the atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and water vapour. We need these gases in
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