Contents · SYLLABUS · Solved Paper 2018 · Solved Paper 2017 · Solved Paper 2016

History of India Ancient India Buddhist Scriptures Indus Valley Civilisation Expansion of Buddhism Indus Valley Society Buddhist Councils Indus Valley Economy Decline of Buddhism in India The Advent of Aryans Contribution of Buddhism Rig Vedic Age Later Vedic Age (1000-600 B.C.) Jainism Teachings of Mahavira Vedic Literature Jain Councils Shruti Literature Popularity of Jainism Smriti Literature Contribution of Jainism Jain Literature The Sixteen Mahajanapadas The Rise of Magadha to Dominance Bhagwatism The Mauryas Vaishnavism Sources of Information Shaivism The Mauryan Empire Shaiva Sect Extent of the Empire Factors in the Decline of the Mauryas Six Systems of Philosophy Samkhya Administration Yoga Social and Economic Conditions in the Mauryan Period Nyaya

Vaisheshika Art in the Mauryan Period Mimansa Economic, Social and Political Conditions in the Post-Mauryan Period Vedanta Gupta Empire Development of Science and Technology in Ancient Chandra Gupta I India Samudra Gupta Development of Medicine in India Sources of Information Mathematics in Ancient India Features of the Gupta Polity and Administration Astronomy Economic Aspects Astronomy in the Vedas Literature Jain Literature as Source of knowledge of Astronomy Gupta Culture as the Golden Age The Siddhantas as a Source of Knowledge of Astronomy Southern Dynasties The Emergence of Tamil Literature in the Sangam Astronomy in Kerala Period Indian Astrology Significant Features of Southern Dynasties Basic Principles of Vedic Astrology Religion and Philosophy in Ancient India Development of Crafts in Ancient India Buddhism Shrenis or Trade Guilds in Ancient India The Buddha Crafts and the Emergence of the Jajmani System Jatakas Important Aspects of Buddha’s Teachings Architecture and Sculpture Rock cut Caves Buddhist Schools Rajput Kingdoms Medieval India Some Characteristics of the Medieval Period Vijayanagar

The Mughal Period Historical Sources of Information Regarding the Medieval Period The Eighteenth Century

Kingdoms and Dynasties of the Medieval Period Shah Jahan’s Patronage of Architecture

Agriculture—Agrarian Expansion in the Tamil Region Key Concepts of Architecture

Religion Summary of the Architectural Aspects of the Medieval

Cultural Achievements Period

Summary of Developments from the Years (800–1200 Science and Technology in Mughal Period Arms and Metallurgy A.D) Printing The Sultanate Period Sources for Information Regarding the Sultanate Period Overseas Trade in the Medieval Period Economic Measures West Asian Trade

Reforms in the Army Banking and Finance in Medieval India

Expansion of the Empire Tughluq Dynasty (1325–1351 A.D.) Modern India Summary of Historical Europe–India link

The Mughal Empire European Activity in India between 15th and 18th Centuries Akbar (1556–1605) The First Phase of the Anglo-French Struggle

Jahangir (1605–1627 A.D.) for Supremacy Shah Jahan (1628–1657 A.D.) Battle of Plassey and Rise of British Power

Aurangzeb (1658–1707 A.D.) The Extension of British Power to Imperial Later Mughals Proportions, 1760–1856 The Rise of Independent Kingdoms Warren Hastings

Key Terminology Regulating Act of 1773

Decline of the Mughals and Rise of Successor States Pitt’s India Act 1784

The Vijayanagar Kingdom Some of the other Important Provisions of the Act Were The Bahmani Kingdom Summary of Vijaynagar and Bahmani Kingdoms British Relations with the Marathas and Mysore

The Government of Lord Wellesley Culture in the Medieval Period The Government of Lord Minto Language The Government of Lord Hastings Painting The Settlement of 1818 Music Organisation and Policy in British India

Importance of Bengal Province The Permanent Settlement of Land Revenue and Political History the Emerging British System Architecture Administrative Changes in the First Half of the th Language and literature 19 Century Lord William Bentinck Paintings and Music Continued Expansion of the British Empire Key Terminology Lord Dalhousie Religion in the Medieval Period Sikhism The First Century of British Influence Summary The Sufi Movement Political Effects

Shah Waliullah Economic Effects

The Bhakti Movement Social Effects

Vaishnavism among the Marathas Social Reforms

Key Terms Cultural Effects of the First Century of British Rule

Development of Education under British Rule Architecture Early Medieval Period Features of Economic Exploitation of India under

The Sultanate Period British Rule

The Revolt and its Aftermath Social and Religious Reforms and the Main Prominent Leaders of the Revolt Reformers Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj Spread of Revolt

Henry Vivian Derozio and Young Bengal Movement Factors in Ultimate Failure of the Revolt

Debendranath Tagore Post Revolt Measures

Keshub Chandra Sen Government of India Act of 1858

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar British Social Policy Swami Vivekananda

Swamy Dayanand Saraswati and the Arya Samaj Government Organisation

Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan Economic Policy and Development in the 1860s Theosophical Society Growth of the Railway Network

Peasant and Tribal Resistance in British India Foreign Policy of the British in India The Sanyasi Rebellion, 1763–1800 The Northwest Frontier The Bhil Uprisings The Second Afghan War The Kol Insurrection, 1831–1832

The Faraizi Disturbances Growth of Legislature in India

The Mappila Uprisings Indian Councils Act 1861

The Santhal Rebellion, 1855–56 Indian Councils Act, 1892

Revolt of 1857 Multiple Choice Questions Nature and Causes of the Rebellion Answer Key

Indian National Movement

I. Background of the Movement IX. The World War I AND Revolutionary Activities IA. Company’s Regime: Impact on India Abroad IB. Rule of the British Government Lala Hardyal: A Brief Biography

Bhikaji Cama: A Brief Biography II. Birth and Growth of Indian Nationalism Impact of Socio-religious Movements X. Home Rule Movement

(i) The Madras and Poona Leagues

III. Pre-Congress Organisations (ii) Joint Efforts of Tilak and Besant

(iii) Significance of the Movement IV. Reforms and Revolts Tribal Movements in India before Independence XI. Indian National Movement The Gandhian Era V. Birth of the Indian National Congress XIA. Communalism: The Muslim League and its Activities VI. Indian National Congress The Moderates (1885-1905) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898)

M.A. Jinnah (1876-1948) VII. Indian National Congress XIB. Montagu Declaration and The Extremists (1906-1919) The Government of India Act, 1919 Sessions of the Indian National Congress (1906-1919) XIC. Towards the Non- Co-operation Movement

VIII. Reunion and Alliance Extremists, Lucknow Pact XID. Mahatma Gandhi and Non-cooperation Movement

(a) Reunion between the Moderates and the Extremists Gandhi’s Address as Congress President – 1924 Belgaum Session Some Thoughts on Swaraj: Gandhian Philosophy (b) The Lucknow Pact XIE. Between Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience

XII. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT XV. National Movement: 1940-1947 XII(i). The Dandi March XV(I). August Offer, 1940

XII(ii). The Round-Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin XV(II). Individual Satyagraha

Pact XV(III). Cripps Proposals, 1942

XII(iii). The Gandhi-Irwin or The Delhi Pact: 1931 XV(IV). Between the Two Missions: Quit India Movement, XII(iv). Second Round Table Conference: 1931 C.R. Formula, Wavell Plan

XII(v). The Communal Award Quit India Revolution (1942)

XII(vi). Civil Disobedience Movement: Resumption and XV(V). Subhash Chandra Bose, INA and Naval Revolt 44 Suspension XV(VI). Cabinet Mission Plan, Mountbatten Plan and XII(vii). The Third Round Table Conference and The India’s Independence Act White Paper Multiple Choice Questions XIII. The Governmentof India Act—1935, The Congress Answer Key Ministries, and The Beginning of World War II Selected Explanatory Notes XIV. Nationalist Politics (Inside India)

Indian Polity and Governance Polity and Governance—The Indian Context Judiciary in India The Supreme Court of India

The Constitution of India: General The High Courts in India Introduction Subordinate Courts Historical Evolution The Lok Adalat The Making of the Indian Constitution Nalsa, Free Legal Aid And Public Interest Litigation The Constituent Assembly: Composition Union Territories, Scheduled Areas, Tribal Areas

The Constituent Assembly: Committees Grassroots Democracy: The Urban-Rural The Constituent Assembly: Objectives Resolution Administration The Constituent Assembly: Evaluation Urban Local Administration in India

Sources of the Indian Constitution th Urban Administration and 74 Amendment Panchayati Ray System : An Overview The Constitution Of India Rural Administration and the 73rd Amendment : Panchayati India : The Nation Raj Institutions The Constitution of India: Introduction District and Metropolitan Planning Some Major Changing Trends of The Indian Constitution Commissions and Functionaries: Constitutional Statuory/ Extra-Constitutional Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental The Election Commission

Duties Comptroller and Auditor-General of India Fundamental Rights Finance Commission

Directive Principles of State Policy Union Public Service Commission

Directive Principles of State Policy: General National Commission for Scheduled Castes

Fundamental Duties National Commission for Scheduled Tribes

’ National Commission for Women India s Polity: The Political System in India National Human Rights Commission The Government at the National Level National Commission For Minorities The Legislatures in India National Backward Classes Commission The Parliament Other Commissions Parliament of India: Some procedural Terms How does a Bill Become an Act? Miscellaneous Union—States Relations In India The Parliament of India: Some Financial Terms Centre—State Relations Commissions: The Punchhi State Legislatures In India

Commission Latest Constitutional Amendments Zonal Councils 99th Constitutional Amendment Act Funds—Consolidated, Contingency, Public Account 100th Constitutional Amendment Act Inter-State Council 101st Constitutional Amendment Act

Jammu and Kashmir—Special Status Anti-Defection Law (1985) Historic Verdict on Triple Talaq What it means for the country? Political Parties in India Elections in India Verdict on Right to Privacy All India party-wise list (updated) 543 constituencies Key highlights and takeaways of the verdict Interest and Pressure Groups in India Article 35 A in the News Right to Information Act Electoral System in India Multiple Choice Questions Answer Key NITI Aayog Selected Explanatory Notes NITI Aayog (Structure) Suggested Reading Languages In India Indian Geography Introduction Rhythm of Seasons Size and Extension 1. The Winter Season

India in the Eastern World 2. The Hot Weather Season The Indian Subcontinent 3. The Rainy Season Geology 4. The Season of Retreating Monsoon 1. The Peninsular Plateau

2. The Himalayas Climatic Regions of India

3. Indo-Ganga-Brahamputra Plain Koeppen’s Regions

Physiography Nine Climatic Regions of India 1. The Himalayan Mountain Complex Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 2. The Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain Classification of Vegetation Types

3. The Peninsular Plateau

4. The Coastal Plains Forest Policy and Conservation

5. The Islands Social Forestry

Urban Forestry Drainage System 1. The Himalayan River Systems Rural Forestry

2. The Peninsular Rivers Agro-Forestry

Climate Farm Forestry Factors Influencing India’s Weather and Climate Wildlife Introduction Elnino, La Nina and Southern Oscillation Elnino Wildlife Conservation La Nina Project Tiger Southern Oscillation (S.O.) Project Elephant Indian Monsoonal Regime National Parks 1. The Onset and Advance of the Monsoon

2. Rain-bearing System and Rainfall Distribution Biosphere Reserves 3. Break in the Monsoon Soils 4. The Retreat of the Monsoon Factors of Soil Formation

Classification of Soils Soil Degradation Sugarcane Soil Erosion Tea Introduction Coffee Agent of Soil Erosion Rubber Soil Conservation Tobacco 1. Afforestation LIVESTOCK 2. Erecting Dams and Barriers Cattle

3. Check on Over-grazing Buffaloes 4. Changes in Agricultural Practices Sheep Land Utilisation and Agriculture Goats Land use Dairy Sector Poultry Farming Land-Use Categories 1. Forests Fishing 2. Land Put to Non-Agricultural Uses Two Types of Fish Catch

Marine Fisheries 3. Barren and Wastelands Fresh Water or Inland Fisheries 4. Permanent Pastures and other Grazing Lands 5. Land Under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves Irrigation Means of Irrigation 6. Culturable Waste Multipurpose Projects 7. Current Fallow 8. Fallow Other Than Current Fallow Mineral Resources Introduction 9. Net Sown Area Iron Ore

Intensity of Cropping Manganese

Bauxite Types of Farming Copper 1. Subsistence Farming Mica 2. Plantation Agriculture Gold

3. Shifting Agriculture Silver

Diamonds Agricultural Regions Nickel 1. Rice-Jute-Tea Region Lead

2. Wheat and Sugarcane Region Tungsten

3. Cotton Region Limestone

Dolomite 4. Maize and Coarse Crops Region Asbestos 5. Millets and Oilseeds Region Magnesite

6. Fruits and Vegetable Region Kyanite

Gypsum Major Crops Marble Food Crops Granite Rice Steatite

Pulses Uranium

Oilseeds Thorium

Ilmenite Cotton Salt

Jute Energy Resources Transport and Communications Coal Rail Transport

Konkan Railway Lignite Passenger and Freight Traffic Petroleum Factors Affecting Railways

Oil Refining Kashmir Valley Railway Refining Distribution of Railways Public Sector Joint Venture Road Transport Classification of Roads Private Sector Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for Energy Resources North Eastern region (SARDP-NE) Natural Gas Water Transport Nuclear Energy Resources Inland Waterways Hydroelectricity Oceanic Routes Thermal Power Cruise Shipping Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Sethusamudram Ship Channel Project Manufacturing Industries Major Ports Agro-Based Industries

Textile Industries Air Transport

Cotton Textiles History of Indian Airlines

Jute Textiles Open Sky Policy

Woollen Textiles Pipelines Silk Textile Industry

Synthetic Textiles Communications

Sugar Industry Personal Communication

Vegetable Oil Industry Mass Communication

Metallurgical Industries Satellite Communication Iron and Steel Industry

Mini Steel Plants The People Population Size Aluminium Smelting Distribution of Population Copper Smelting

Lead and Zinc Smelting Density of Population Engineering Industries Growth Of Population

Heavy Machinery Regional Variations in Population Growth

Industrial Machinery Population Composition

Machine Tools Urbanisation Railway Equipment Regional Variations in Urbanisation Ship Building Industry Urban Area Aircraft Manufacturing Size-Class Composition of Urban Population Bicycles

Automobile Industry Linguistic Composition

Trucks Religious Compostion 1. Hindus Chemical and Allied Industries 2. Muslims Petrochemicals 3. Christians Fertilizers 4. Sikhs Cement Industry 5. Buddhists Drugs and Pharmaceutical Industry 6. Jains Glass Industry 7. Parsis Leather And Leather Goods Composition of Working Population Forest Based Industries

Sex Ratio Rivers of West Bengal Literacy Landforms Darjeeling Himalayan hill region Scheduled Castes Terai region Tribal Population North Bengal plains Rarh region Multiple Choice Questions Coastal plain Answer Key Sundarbans Western plateau and highlands Geographical & Climatic Features of West Bengal Ganges delta Location Rivers of West Bengal Districts of West Bengal Climate The 23 districts in West Bengal Natural resources

Economic and social development in India

Census 2011 Planning in India Definition of Rural and Urban Areas in Census 2011 Definition of Planning Administrative Units in India History of Planning in India Number of Administrative Units in Census 2011 Planning Commission Ranking of States in Terms of Number of Districts in Different Types of Planning 2011 Functions of Planning Commission Evolution of Planning in India India in World Population Features of Indian Planning Total Population and Rural-Urban Population Objectives of Indian Planning Ranking of States in Terms of Rural and Sources of Finance Urban Population Critique of Indian Planning Share of Different States in India’s Population The Five-Year Plans Largest and Smallest States/UTs in Terms of Population First Plan (1951-56) Ranking of Districts in Terms of Population Second Plan (1956-61) Third Plan (1961-66) Ranking of States/UTs and Districts in Terms of Percentage Growth of Population Annual Plan (1966-69): Plan Holiday Fourth Plan (1969-74) Literacy Fifth Plan (1974-79) Ranking of States/UTs and Districts in Terms of Literacy Sixth Plan (1980-85) Rates Seventh Plan (1985-90) Ranking of States/UTs and Districts in Terms of Population Annual Plan (1990-92) Density Eighth Plan (1992-97) Sex Ratio Ninth Plan (1997-2002) Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) Tenth Plan (2002-2007) Ranking of States/UTs and Districts in Terms of Sex Eleventh Plan (2007-12) Ratio Twelfth Plan (2012-17)

Monitorable Targets for Twelfth Plan Demographic Dividend Dependency Ratio Sustainable Development Definition Population Policy, 2000 Agenda 21 Socio-Economic Profile of States and Inter-state Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI) Comparisons National Environmental Policy (NEP), 2006 NCAER State Investment Potential Index (N-SIPI): Green GDP Swachh Survekshan Survey 2017 Social Programmes Narasimham Committee Report Introduction Capital Adequacy Norms Government of India’s Twenty Point Programme Demonetisation

Social Security Programmes in India Public Sector Enterprises Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Importance of PSEs in Indian Economy (JnNURM) Structure of PSEs in India Urban Housing and Livelihoods Categorisation of CPSEs Poverty Public Finance Definition Introduction Reasons for Measurement of Poverty Classification of Public Expenditure Aggregate Measures of Poverty Public Revenue Poverty Gap Index Taxes and Subsidies Poverty Estimates Budget Concepts Unemployment Securities Transaction Tax (STT) Types of Unemployment Direct Taxes Code (DTC) Employment and Unemployment Goods and Services Tax Measurements in India Central Government Subsidies Price and Inflation Introduction Explicit subsidies Indicators of Price Change Introduction Different Names of Inflation Food Subsidies Two Types of Inflation Fertilizer Subsidies Phillips Curve Petroleum Subsidies Social Costs of Inflation Major Centrally Sponsored Poverty Alleviation Schemes Inflation Tax Producer Price Index (PPI) Salient Features of the Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) Reserve Bank of India 2015-2020 Introduction Merchandise Export from India Scheme Major Functions of RBI Service Export from India Scheme Targets of Monetary Policy Incentives (MEIS & SEIS) to be available for SEZs Changes in Monetary and Fiscal Recent Measures for Trade Facilitation Policy in India During Reform Period WTO Negotiations and India Financial Inclusion Bilateral and Regional Cooperation Financial Inclusion Plan of RBI Financial Inclusion Initiatives in India India’s Proposed new RTAs Financial Inclusion Initiatives of RBI Multiple Choice Questions Subsidiaries of the RBI Answer Key Sarfaesi Act, 2002 Environmental ecology, bio-diversity and climate change 1. Basic Concepts Photoperiod Ecology Chemosynthesis Biogeography Community Biosphere 2. Components of An Ecosystem Ecosphere 1. Biotic (Living) Component Ecosystem 2. Abiotic (Non-living) Component Ecotone Photosynthesis 3. Biodiversity and Hotspots Introduction Global Biodiversity Hotspots 8. Major Oil Spills North and Central America 9. The Three Mile Island Nuclear Disaster South America 10. The European Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Europe and Central Asia (BSE Crisis) Africa 11. Katrina and Rita Hurricanes (USA) Asia-Pacific 12. Hurricane Sandy 13. Cloudburst Biodiversity Conservation Uttarakhand Cloudburst (Himalayan Tsunami) Biodiversity Conservation in India 14. Other Environmental Disasters Biosphere Reserves 18 Biosphere Reserves of India Disaster management

Wildlife Conservation Disaster Management in India Tiger Projects National Policy on Disaster Management National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries 6. Climatic Change Mangrove (Forest) Introduction Coral Reefs 1. Astronomical or Orbital Theory 4. Global Treaties—Conventions and Protocols 2. Sunspot Theory Introduction 3. Theories about the Changes in Atmospheric The Earth Summit Composition The Five Earth Summit Agreements 4. Volcanic Dust Theory The Montreal Protocol 5. Theories of Continental Drift Kyoto Protocol on Climatic Change 6. Human Induced Changes in Earth’s Surface The Montreal Action Plan 7. Other Theories Bali Summit Evidence of Global Warming and Climatic Change Poznan Summit Copenhagen Summit Consequences of Climatic Change Cancun Summit 1. Sea Level Change Convention of Biological Diversity (Biodiversity Convention) 2. Atmospheric Circulation and Changes in the Direction of Ocean Currents Cartegena Protocol 3. Northward Movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone Nagoya Protocol 4. Increase in the number of Tropical Cyclones Rotterdam Convention 5. Change in the Pattern of Precipitation Stockholm Convention 6. Alteration in Vegetation and Soil Belts Basel Convention 7. Change in Cryosphere, Arable Land and Cropping International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food Patterns and Agriculture (2004) 8. Expansion of Deserts Antarctic Treaty System 9. Effect on Food Supply Hyderabad Convention on Biodiversity 10. Fresh Water Supply 5. Major Disasters 11. Increase in Poverty in Developing Countries Introduction 12. Threat to Food Supply 1. Tohoku Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Accident 13. Effect on Human Health 14. Impact on International Trade 2. The Chernobyl Soviet Nuclear Power Plant Explosion Consequences of Climatic Change In India 1. Unpredictable Weather 3. Tsunami of 2004—Banda Ache (Sumatra—Indonesia) 2. Disappearance of Glaciers 4. Bhopal Tragedy 3. Impact on Multipurpose Projects 5. Cyclone of October 1999 in India 4. Increase in the frequency of Floods and Droughts 6. Bhuj Earthquake, 2001 5. Submergence of Islands 7. Kashmir Earthquake, 2005 6. Effect on Indian Agriculture 7. Frequency of Tropical Cyclones 9. Spread of Diseases Carbon Credit 10. Increase in Biodiversity Hotspots Generation of Carbon Credits 11. Increase in the Areas of Mangrove Carbon Footprint 12. Reduction in Orchards Production Carbon Sequestration 13. Change in Altitudinal Vegetation Ecology Footprint 14. Impact on Export and Import Carbon Sink 15. Increase in the population below the Poverty Line Carbon Taxing 16. The National Environment Policy 2006 Emission Trading Ecomark Strategy For Mitigation if Climatic Cha nge Environmental Refuge Global Cooling (A Contradictory Opinion) Global Carbon Project Green Economy New Concepts in Ecology Ecocide Cloud Seeding Institutionalism, Global Commons and Global Desert Geopark Governance Multiple Choice Questions Ecophagy Answer Key

General Science

PART I (Physics) Centre Of Mass Equilibrium 1 Introductory Physics Moments And Levers Introduction Simple Machines Unit Of Length Work , Power And Energy Unit Of Mass Power Unit Of Time Density Scalar & Vector Quantities Pressure 2 Mechanics And Properties Of Matter Hydraulic Machines Distance And Displacement Atmospheric Pressure Average & Instantaneous Speed Matter And Its Properties Velocity Diffusion Average Velocity Molecular Forces In Matter Acceleration Capillarity Equations Of Motion Bernoulli’s Theorem Circular Motion Poiseuille’s Formula Artificial Satellites Stoke’s Law Force Elasticity (1) Balanced And Unbalanced Forces Young’s Modulus (2) Frictional Force Shear (Rigidity) Modulus (3) Centripetal Force Bulk Modulus (4) Gravitational Force Einstein’s Theory Of Relativity (5) Magnetic Forces 3. Waves And Optics (6) Electrostatic Force Damped Oscillations Weight Forced Oscillation Gravitational Potential And Potential Energy Waves and Their Properties Newton’s Laws Of Motion Resonance First Law Principle Of Superposition Second Law Properties Of Waves Newton’s Third Law Polarisation Impulse Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Induction Optics Electric Motors Light Generator/Dynamo Reflection Of Light Electromagnetic Relay Refraction Of Light Speedometer Mirage Transformer Dispersion Induction Coil Scattering Of Light Magnetism Colours Earth’s Magnetism Lenses 6. Atomic Physics Vision Bohr’s Model Structure Of Eye Types of Spectra Defects Of Eye X-Rays Optical Instruments Astronomical Telescope 7. Radioactivity Terrestrial Telescope Applications of radioactivity Reflecting Type Telescope (Cassergrain Telescope) Nuclear Energy Nuclear fission 4. Heat And Thermodynamics Nuclear Fusion Types of Thermometers Radiation Hazard Scales of temperature Kinetic Theory of Gases 8. Electronics Expansion Semiconductors Bimetallic Strip Semicenductor Devices Anomalous Expansion of water (I) Junction Diode Heat Capacity (II) Junction Transistor Specific Heat Capacity (III) Integrated Circuits Specific latent heat of fusion (IV) Ldr ( Light Dependent Resistor) Specific latent heat of vaporization (V) Led (Light Emitting Diode) Evaporation and boiling (VI) Solar Cells Newton’s law of cooling Electronics Devices Heat Transfer (I) Cellular Phones Conduction (II) Set Top Box ( Stb) Convection (III) Remote Control Radiation (IV) Modem Black Body (V) Led –Backlit Televisions Thermodynamic Processes (VI) Automated Teller Machine (Atm) Heat Engines E-Waste Dangers Refrigerators and heat pumps 9. Astronomy Engine Coolants Origin Of The Universe 5. Electricity And Magnetism Celestial Bodies Static Electricity Galaxies Electrostatic Induction (I) Regular Galaxies Static Electricity In Action (II) Irregular Galaxies Current Milky Way Current , Voltage And People Nebulae Electric Fish And Eels Stars Ohm’s Law Constellations Heating Effect Solar System Chemical Effect The Sun Magnetic Effect Planets Mercury 8. Periodic Table Of Elements Venus Mendeleev’s periodic law Earth Modern Periodic Table Mars Modern periodic law Jupiter Periodicity Saturn Periodicity in Properties Uranus 9. Formation Of Bond Neptune Types Of Chemical Bonds Other Heavenly Objects Ionic Bonds Or Electrovalent Bonds Multiple Choice Questions Covalent Bond Answer Key Orbitals And Quantum Numbers Comparison Of Properties Of Ionic And Covalent PART II (Chemistry) Compounds Electronic Configuration 1. Chemistry and its Importance Vsepr Theory 2. Branches of Chemistry 10. Chemical Formulae And Their Names 3. Matter Chemical Equations and their Balancing Occurrence of Elements Parts of Chemical Equation Elements in the Atmosphere 11. Chemical Reactions Elements in the Hydrosphere Energy Changes During a Chemical Reaction Elements in the Lithosphere Elements in the Biosphere 12. Metals And Non-Metals Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Metallurgy Elements Minerals Compounds Mineral wealth of India Mixtures Ores Mixture Gangue Separation of Mixtures Different techniques used in metallurgy Chromatography Alloys Chemical Methods of Separation 14. Hydrogen Law of Conservation of Mass Properties Of Hydrogen Law of Conservation of Energy Isotopes Of Hydrogen Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy 15. Water Avogadro’s Hypothesis Properties Of Water The Mole Concept Hard And Soft Water 4. Structure of Atom Heavy Water Dalton’s Atomic Theory 16. Carbon And Its Compounds J.J. Thomson’s Atomic Model Allotropy Rutherford’s Nuclear Model Of The Atom (Or Rutherford’s Fullerene: Another Allotrope Of Carbon Planetary Atomic Model) Hydrocarbons Drawbacks Of Rutherford’s Atomic Model Closed Chain Hydrocarbons Neil Bohr, Model Of Atom Homologous Series According To Niels Bohr Characteristics Of Homologous Series 5. Atomic Number And Mass Number Functional Group 6. Electronic Configuration Of Elements 17. Carbides 7. Isotopes And Isobars 18. Oxides Of Carbon Applications of isotopes Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide 19. Carbon Tetrachloride Uses Of Neon Some Common Polymers, Monomers And Their Uses 20. Dichlorodifluoromethane 21. Soaps And Detergents Uses Of Argon Uses Of Krypton And Xenon 22. Acids , Bases And Salts Uses Of Radon Acids Bases 31. Polymers Conceptual Definition (Arrhenius Theory) Hazards Of Polymers Alkali Biopolymers Neutralization Reaction Biodegradable Polymers Always Add Acid To Water And Not Water To Acid 32. Carbohydrates Role Of Ph In Our Digestive System Role Of Ph In Tooth Decay 33. Amino Acids And Proteins Salts 34. Environmental Chemistry Some Common Salts Environmental Pollutants Common Salt (Nacl) Atmospheric Pollution 23. Oxygen Gaseous Air Pollutants Dioxygen Particulates Ozone Acid Rain Oxides Bhopal Gas Tragedy Water Pollution 24. Nitrogen Ozone Depletion Dinitrogen Ammonia 35. Chemicals In Medicine And Health - Care Oxides Of Nitrogen Antipyretics Nitric Acid Analgesics Aqua Regia Narcotics Non-Narcotics 25. Boron Tranquilisers Boron Element Antimalarials Boric Acid (H3bo3) Antibiotics 26. Silicon Sulpha Drugs Silicon Element Antiseptics Silicon Oxide or Silica Disinfectants Glass Antacids Anaesthetics 27. Phosphorus Radiopharmaceuticals Allotropes of Phosphorus 36. Dyes 28. Sulphur Direct Dyes Allotropes Of Sulphur Disperse Dyes Sulphuric Acid Vat Dyes Thiosulphate Mordant Dyes 29. Halogens 37. Chemicals In Food Uses Of Fluorine Antioxidants Uses Of Chlorine Artificial Sweeteners Uses Of Bromine Preservatives Uses Of Iodine Some More Points 30. Noble Gases Uses Of Helium Multiple Choice Questions Answer Key PART III (Biology) Gymnopsperms Angiosperms 1. Biology and Its Branches Kingdom Animalia Biology Classification Of Animalia Historical Development Of Biology Classification Of Non-Chordates Branches Of Biology Protozoa Pure And Applied Biology Porifera Living And Non-Living Coelentrata 2. Cell And Cell Reproduction Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Cell Nemathelminthes (Thread Worms) Types Of Cells Annelida Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells Arthropoda Prokaryotic Cells Mollusca Eukaryotic Cells Echinodermata Plant And Animal Cell Classification Of Chordates Cell Organelles Urochordata Or Tunicate Plasma Membrane Cephalochordata Or Acrania Nucleus Craniata Or Vertebrata Chromosomes Pisces Endoplasmic Reticulum Amphibia Golgi Apparatus Reptilia Lysosomes Aves Plastids Mammals Ribosomes 4. Bacteria and Virus Vacuoles Bacteria Centrioles Viruses Peroxysomes Some Important Viruses Cell Division Adenovirus Mitosis Herpesvirus Karyokinesis Poxvirus Meiosis Picornaviruses Meiosis I Retroviruses 1. Prophase I Reoviruses 2. Metaphase I Prions 3. Anaphase I Viroids 4. Telophase I Virusoids 3. Classification Of Organisms 5. Morphology And Physiology Of Plants Classification Morphology Of Flowering Plants Taxonomic Hierarchy The Root Binomial Nomenclature The Root System Types Of Classification The Stem Five Kingdom Classification Bud Kingdom Monera Underground Stem Kigdoom Protista The Leaf Kingdom Fungi Flower Kigdom Plantae Parts Of A Flower Algae Fruit Bryophyte Seed Lichen Plant Tissues Pteridophyta Meristematic Tissue Permanent Tissues Liver (I) Simple Pancreas (II) Complex Tissue Digestion Of The Food Special Tissues Enzymes Nutrition In Plants Nomenclature Of Enzymes Plant Growth Enzyme Inhibition Phases Of Growth Vitamins Auxins Respiration Gibberellins Transport Of Gases Cytokines Internal Respiration Ethylene Blood Vascular System Abscisic Acid (Aba) Pulmonary Systemic Circulation Vernalization Excretory System Photosynthesis Urine Formation Light Reaction Ultrafiltration Dark Reaction Selective Reabsorption Secretion 6. Organization & Physiology Of Animals Nervous System Organization Of Animals Division Of Nervous System Tissue Central Nervous System (Cns) Types Of Tissues Nerve Impulse Epithelial Tissues Transmission Of Nerve Impulse Connective Tissue Depolarization Blood Repolarization Blood Sugar Endocrine System Lymph Reproduction Muscular Tissue Asexual Reproduction Smooth Muscles Or Unstriated Muscles Fission Striated Or Skeletal Muscles Fragmentation Muscle Contraction Budding Cardiac Muscle Sporulation Neuroglia Vegetative Propagation Skeleton System Parthenogenesis Axial System Sexual Reproduction Skull Reproductive System In Man Vertebral Column Secondary Sex Characters Ribs Male Reproductive System Sternum Female Reproductive System Appendicular System Menstrual Cycle Girdles Menstrual Phase (Bleeding Phase) Pectoral Girdle Follicular Or Proliferative Phase Pelvic Girdle Luteal Phase Limb Bones Fertilization Lower Limb (Leg Bones) External And Internal Fertilization Joints Early Embryonic Development Disorders Of Skeleton Nutrition 7. Origin Of Life And Evolution Balanced Diet Origin Of Life Undernutrition And Malnutrition Modern Concept Of Origin Of Life Or Biochemical Theory Types Of Nutrition Of Origin Of Life Digestive System Origin Of Earth And Its Primitive Atmosphere Chemogeny- Chemical Origin Of Life Genotype And Phenotype Biological Evolution Homozygous And Heterozygous Evolution Back Cross And Test Cross Lamarckism Reciprocal Cross Darwinism Chromosomes Modern Theory Of Evolution Dna (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Mutations Rna (Ribonucleic Acid) 8. Ecology Protein Synthesis Atmosphere Transcription Ecosystem Translation Types Of Ecosystem Genetic Disorders Wetlands Single-Gene Disorders Energy Flow In An Ecosystem Sickle Cell Anemia Population Albinism Population Interactions Alkaptonuria Neutral Interactions Chromosomal Disorders Negative Interactions Down Syndrome Ectoparasites And Endoparasites Edward Syndrome Temporary Parasites And Permanent Parasites Patau’s Syndrome Obligate Parasites And Facultative Parasites Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities Positive Interactions Turner’s Syndrome Mutualism Or Symbiosis Klinefelter’s Syndrome Natural Resources Triplofemale Wildlife Males With Xyy Conservation Of Wildlife Sex –Linked Diseases Wildlife Sanctuaries Color Blindness National Parks Hemophilia Special Projects For Conservation Of Endangered Species Complex Disorders Pollution 10. Defence Mechanism Of The Body Types Of Pollution Immune System Air Pollution Innate Immunity Noise Pollution Adaptive Immunity Heavy Metal Toxicity Cells Of The Immune System Dbiodiversity Organs Of The Immune System Importance Of Biodiversity Antigen Loss Of Biodiversity Immunoglobulin (Basic Structure) Conservation Of Biodiversity Active And Passive Immunity Biodiversity Hotspots Vaccine 9. Genetics Types Of Vaccines Genes Mendel’s Law Of Inheritance 11. Drugs Law Of Dominance Psychotrophic Drugs Law Of Segregation Sedatives Law Of Independent Assortment Of Characters Tranquillizers Other Patterns Of Inheritance Narcotics Incomplete Dominance Stimulants Co-Dominance Psychedelic Drugs Or Hallucinogens Multiple Alleles Antimicrobial Rh Factor Antibiotics 12. Human Diseases Isolation Of Specific Gene Or (Segment Of Dna To Be Disease Cloned) Infectious Diseases And Noninfectious Diseases Insertion Of Desired Gene Into A Vector Endemic Disease And Epidemic Disease Transfer Of Recombinant Dna Into Bacterial Cell Acute Diseases And Chronic Diseases Cloning Of Gene Local Infection And Systemic Infection Human Genome Project (Hgp) Primary And Secondary Infection Dna Fingerprinting Nosocomial Infections Stem Cells Aids Bioinformatics Allergy Applications Of Bioinformatics Autoimmune Disease Gene Therapy Cancer Microorganisms In Human Welfare Microbes In Household Food Products 13. Economic Biology Microbes In Industrial Products Economic Importance Of Insects Microbes In Environment Cleaning Honey Bee Microbes In Biomining And Oil Recovery Lac Insects Microbes In Production In Biogas Silk Insects Biological Control Of Pests Harmful Insects Microbes As Biofertilizers 14. Improvement Of Animals And Plants Negative Roles Of Microorganisms Poultry Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Animal Breeding Biosensors 15. Applied Biology Multiple Choice Questions Biotechnology And Its Applications Answer Key Genetic Engineering General Mental Ability

Chapter 1 : Number System, HCF and LCM 3. Mode The Number Tree Exercise 1. Classification of Numbers Answers 2. Application of Numbers Explanations 3. Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Lowest Common Chapter 4 : Ratio and Mixtures Multiple (LCM) 1. Ratio 4. Decimal System 2. Proportion 5. Unit place digit of a number 3. Partnership 6. Perfect Square 4. Alligation Exercise Exercise Answers Answers Explanations Explanations Chapter 2 : Percentage, SI-CI and PLD Chapter 5 : Time, Speed and Distance 1. Percent 1. Average speed 2. SI and CI 2. Relative speed 3. Profit, Loss and Discount 3. Trains Exercise 4. Boats and Streams Answers 5. Circular motion Explanations Exercise Chapter 3 : Average and Age Answers 1. Average or Mean Explanations 2. Median Chapter 6 : Time and Work Chapter 10 : Sequence and Series 1. Time and Work Important Points to Remember: 2. Pipes and Cisterns Example Exercise Exercise Answers Answers Explanations Explanations Chapter 7 : Permutation and Combination Chapter 11 : Coding Decoding 1. Factorial Type – A : Solved Examples 2. Basic Principle of Counting Type – B : Solved Examples 3. Permutations Exercise 4. Combinations Answers 5. Arrangement around a regular polygon Explanations Practice Exercise Chapter 12 : Blood Relations and Directions Answers Blood Relation Explanations Solved Examples Chapter 8 : Probability Directions Introduction: Solved Examples 1. Probability Exercise 2. Conditional Probability Answers Practice Exercise Explanations Answers Chapter 13 : Calendars and Clocks Explanations Calendars Chapter 9 : Geometry and Mensuration Solved Examples 1. Lines Clocks 2. Angles Exercise 3. Triangles Answers 4. Polygons Explanations 5. Circle Chapter 14 : Ranking and Linear Arrangement 6. Area and Perimeter

Practice Exercise Practice Exercise Answers Answers Explanations Explanations English

Chapter 1 : Synonyms Chapter 3 : Idioms Practice Exercise 1 Use of Idioms Practice Exercise 2 Practice Exercise 1 Practice Exercise 3 Practice Exercise 2 Practice Exercise 4 Practice Exercise 3 Practice Exercise 5 Practice Exercise 4 Answers Answers Explanations Chapter 2 : Antonyms Practice Exercise 1 Chapter 4 : Phrasal Verbs Practice Exercise 2 Use of Phrasal Verbs Practice Exercise 3 Practice Exercise Practice Exercise 4 Answers Practice Exercise 5 Explanations Answers Chapter 5 : One Word Substitution Chapter 7 : Fill In The Blanks Practice Exercise 1 Chapter 6 : Preposition Practice Exercise 2 Parts of Speech Practice Exercise 3 Learning Objectives Practice Exercise 4 Test – 1 Practice Exercise 5 Test – 2 Practice Exercise 6 Answers Answers Explanations Explanations

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