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Home , Ajay River, Amkula, Amlajora, Asansol, Bahula, Baktarnagar

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SURVEY

REPORT (For mining of minor minerals)

As perPASCHIM Notification BARDHAMANNo. S.O.3611 (E) New D DelhiISTRICT, dated 25 TH Of July 2018 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

PREPARED BY: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT AND LABORATORIES PVT. LTD.

ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified Company QCI-NABET ACCREDITED CONSULTANT AUGUST, 2021

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM , WEST

CONTENTS SL. TOPIC DETAILS PAGE NO. NO CONTENT I - II ABBREVIATIONS USED III - IV LIST OF TABLES V - VI LIST OF MAPS VII LIST OF ANNEXURES VIII CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSE IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT X FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS XXI 1 PREFACE 1 2 INTRODUCTION 2 - 4 3 GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT 5 - 22 a. General information 5 - 7 b. Climate condition 7 - 9 c. Rain fall (month wise) and humidity 9 - 10 d. Topography and terrain 10 - 11 e. Water course and hydrology 11 - 12 f. Ground water development 12 - 15 g. Drainage system (general) 16 h. Demography 16 - 18 i. Cropping pattern 18 - 19 j. Landform and seismicity 19 k. Flora 20 - 21 l. Fauna 21 - 22 4 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT 23 - 26 o General landform 23 o Soil & Rock pattern 23 - 25 o Different geomorphological units 25 - 26 5 LAND USE PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT 27 - 33 . Introduction 27 - 29 a. Forest 30 b. Agriculture & Irrigation 31 c. Horticulture 32 d. Mining 32 - 33 6 GEOLOGY 34 - 36  Regional geology 34 - 35  Local geology 36 7 MINERAL WEALTH 37 - 39  Overview of the mineral resources (covering all minerals) 37 - 39

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM ,

CONTENTS

SL. TOPIC DETAILS PAGE NO NO.

8 SAND AND OTHER RIVERBED MINERALS 40 - 61 A. Sand & Other riverbed minerals 40 - 56 i) Drainage System 40 - 42 ii) Annual Deposition of River Bed Minerals 42 - 54 a) Geomorphological Studies 42 - 54 i. Place of origin 42 ii. Catchment area 43 iii. General profile of River/stream 43 iv. Annual deposition factor 44 - 49 v. Replenishment 50 - 53 vi. Total potential of minor mineral in the riverbed 54 b) Geological studies 54 i. Lithology of catchment area 54 ii. Tectonics and structural behavior of rocks 54 - 55 c) Climate factors 55 i. intensity of rainfall 55 ii. Climate zone 55 iii. Temperature variation 55 Annual Deposition 56 iii) Riverbed mineral potential 56 iv) Riverbed mineral potential zones (sand) 57 - 59 B. In- situ minerals 60 - 61 9 OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT 62 - 105 a. General overview 62 b. List of existing mining leases 62 - 104 c. Details of production of sand and other minor minerals during last 3 years 105 10 DETAILS OF REVENUE GENERATED FROM MINERAL SECTOR 106 11 TRANSPORT (RAILWAY, ROAD) 107 - 108 12 SUMMARY 109 13 REFERENCE CITED 110 14 ANNEXURES XI- XXV

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED

ABBREVIATIONS & : FULL FORMS SYMBOLS USED % : Percent ′ : Minute ″ : Second < : less than (strict inequality) = : Equal to (strict equality) > : greater than (strict inequality) ≈ : approximately equal ° : Degree °C : Degree Centigrade °F : Degree Fahrenheit ArcGIS : ArcGIS is a GIS for working with maps and geographic information maintained by the ESRI. CD blocks : Community development blocks cm : Centimeter cum : Cubic meter Dec : December DEIAA : District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority DSR : District Survey Report E : East e.g., : ‘exempli gratia’(Latin phrase) means ‘for example’ EC : Environmental Clearance et.al., : ‘et alia’ (Latin phrase) means ‘and others’ G:2 stage : General Exploration (stage of exploration as per UNFC norms) G:3 stage : Prospecting (stage of exploration as per UNFC norms) GIS : Geographic Information System Govt. : Government GPS : Global Positioning System Ha : Hectare i.e., : ‘id est’ (Latin phrase) means ‘that is’/’in other words’

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

ABBREVIATIONS & : FULL FORMS SYMBOLS USED ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Inch : inches kg/ha : Kilogram per hectare km : kilometer km/ hour : Kilometer per hour

km2 : kilometer square LANDSAT : Land Satellite stands for Low Altitude Satellite LULC : Land use and land cover m : Meter Mar : March Max. : Maximum mbgl : Meter Below Ground Level Min. : Minimum mm : Millimeter MoEFCC : Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change N : North NH : National Highways No.(s) : Number(s) RI value : River Index value S : South SEIAA : State Environment Impact Assessment Authority Sept : September sp. : species sq.km : Square kilometer Temp : Temperature viz., : Latin phrase ‘videre licet’, and is used as a synonym for "namely", W : West

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. Approximate Boundary Coordinates of Paschim Bardhaman District 2 2. Key Statistics of administrative section of the district, at a glance 5 3. and Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the district 6 4. Community development blocks of the district 6 5. Maximum and Minimum Temperature of the District 9 6. Month-wise average normal and received rainfall data of the year 10 2018 7. Status of Ground water Development (Block wise) 12 -13 8. The urban-rural divide of the two administrative subdivisions 17 9. Demographic pattern of the district (Source: Census 2011) 17 10. Paschim Bardhaman Religion Data 18 11. Agricultural land usage and cropping intensity of Paschim 18 Bardhaman 12. Agricultural land utilization of Paschim Bardhaman during 2018-19 18 13. Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale 19 14. Predominant and principal floral species of Paschim Bardhaman 20 15. Land use pattern of the district 28 16. Land utilization (in Hectare) of the district during 2018 -19 29 17. Basic irrigation statistics of the district during 2018-19 31 18. The major horticulture grown in the district 32 19. The major horticulture vegetables grown in the district 32 20. Stratigraphic succession near north of (Das, 1970) 35 21. Major mineral resources of Paschim Bardhaman District 38 22. Minor mineral resources of Paschim Bardhaman District 38 23. Drainage system with description of main rivers (overall drainage 42 pattern is parallel & dendritic to sub-dendritic) 24. Salient features of important rivers and streams 42 25. Coordinates details of Cross Section Line 51 26. Estimation of Sand Resources in Pre & Post period in 53 sand bars 27. Sediment Load comparison between Pre & Post Monsoon periods 53 for different rivers of Paschim Bardhaman District 28. Annual deposition 56 29. Riverbed mineral potential 56 30. Riverbed sand potential zones (Sand)(SOURCE: Field Survey) 57 - 59

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

31. List of proposed mining leases of the district with location, area period 60 - 61 for each minor mineral (In-situ) 32. List of existing mining leases of the district with location, area, period 62 - 67 of lease & status (Sand) 33. List of existing mining leases of the district with location, area, period 68 of lease & status (other than sand) 34. Data of Existing Brick earth fields of the district 68 - 104 35. Details of generated revenue for sand sector during last 3 years 105 36. Details of revenue generated from mineral sector during last 3 years 105 (other than sand) 37. Details of generated revenue for sand sector during last 3 years 106 38. Details of revenue generated from mineral sector during last 3 years 106 (other than sand)

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

 LIST OF MAPS

MAP NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. LOCATION MAP OF THE DISTRICT 4

2. ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF THE DISTRICT 7

3. SLOPE MAP OF THE DISTRICT 11

4. WATER LEVEL DEPTH MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN 14 DISTRICT (PRE- MONSOON) 5. WATER LEVEL DEPTH MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN 15 DISTRICT (POST- MONSOON) 6. SOIL MAP OF THE DISTRICT 24

7. GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT 26

8. LAND USE LAND COVER MAP OF THE DISTRICT 29

9. FOREST COVER MAP OF THE DISTRICT 30

10. LITHOLOGICAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT 36

11. MINERAL RESOURCE MAP OF DISTRICT 39

12. DRAINAGE MAP OF THE DISTRICT 41

13. CATCHMENT AREA MAP OF MAIN RIVERS OF THE 43 DISTRICT 14. ELEVATION MAP OF THE DISTRICT 44

15. ELEVATION & LONGITUDINAL PROFILE MAP OF 49 MAIN RIVERS 16. TRANSPORT NETWORK MAP OF THE DISTRICT 108

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

 LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. Climate graph of Paschim Bardhaman district 8 2. Average temperature of Paschim Bardhaman district 8 3. Distribution of male and female literates of Paschim Bardhaman 17 district 4. Agricultural land use of Paschim Bardhaman district 19

5. Graphical representation the basic irrigation statistics of the 31 district during 2018-19

 LIST OFANNEXURES

ANNEXURE TOPIC PAGE NO. NO. II EXSISTING SAND BLOCK MAP OF THE DISTRICT XI - XVII

III PROPOSED PROMISING SAND BLOCK MAP OF THE XVIII - XX DISTRICT

III FIELD PHOTOGRAPS XXI - XXV

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSE

This District Survey Report (DSR) of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal, has been prepared by RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., , West Bengal, . Any reproduction, direct or indirect other than for the specific purpose for which the report has been prepared, should not be carried out, without prior written consent of RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. and Govt. of West Bengal.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. would like to thank & express its heartfelt gratitude to the government officials of respective departments of West Bengal and also to the reassuring residents of Paschim Bardhaman district, who helped a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame. In this context we will like to thank Industry and Commerce. We will like to express our deepest gratitude to Respected Secretary, Joint Secretary, Director of Mines, Superintending Geologist, Assistant Director, Chief Mining Officer & other officials of CMO, We will also like to thank Department of Industry, Commerce and Enterprises (Mines Branch) located at 4, Sarani (Camac Street), -16. We will also like to express our deepest gratitude to Respected District Magistrate, Additional District Magistrate (Land & land reforms), OC Mines, Block Land & Land Reforms Officers, District Land and Land Reforms officer, Revenue Inspector’s, Revenue Officer’s and other respected officers. The RSP Green Development & Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. is really thankful to the villagers in and around the district of Paschim Bardhaman who have offered their fullest and wholehearted cooperation, without which the execution of the work would not have become as smooth as it has been.

Thanking You,

RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

1. PREFACE The purpose and structure of District Survey Report has been discretely discussed under Para 7(iii) (a) and Annexure (x) of the notification issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, on 15th January, 2016. The District Survey Report (DSR) is to be prepared in every district for each minor mineral. It will guide systematic and scientific utilization of natural resources, so that present and future generation may be benefitted at large. The purpose of District Survey Report (DSR) also is to identify the areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be possible and is allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited. This District Survey Report (DSR) gives a factual field information and relevant data about the presence of riverbed sand deposits, ordinary earth & brick earth along with river bed boulder and/or fossilized channel deposits which in turn will bestow an excellent guidance for systematic and scientific utilization of mineral resources, so that present and future generation may be benefitted at large. It is also mentioned here that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per notification guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), SO No. 141(E), Dated 15.01.2016 and format given by SO No. 3611(E), New , dated 25 July 2018 regarding the preparation of District survey report of mining and other minor minerals as specified in appendix 10 of the notification. This District Survey report (DSR) comprise of secondary data published and endorsed by various departments & websites about geology of the area, mineral wealth details, details of lease & mining activity in the district and revenue of minerals along with the primary data collected from ground survey. This report also contains details of climatic conditions, topography and terrain, land form, forest, rivers, soil, agriculture, road, transportation, irrigation etc. The DSR would also help to calculate the annual rate of replenishment wherever applicable and allow time for replenishment. Basically, it is known to all that the state of West Bengal has an important position in mineral production of the country. In terms of value, the state accounts for 3.8% of mineral production in India and occupies the seventh position. Various metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits have been located both in the Peninsular and Extra-peninsular parts of the State and some of them viz., , clay, fire clay, apatite, dolomite, limestone, silica sand, base metals, wolframite have wide economic importance. Availability of Clay and Quartz in (Source: Data Base of Directorate of Mines & Minerals, Government of West Bengal), apatite in ; coal in Bardhaman, , , and Birbhum ; china clay in 24-Parganas, Bankura, Birbhum, Bardhaman, Hoogly, Midnapur and Birbhum districts; and fireclay in Bankura, Bardhaman and Birbhum districts is distinct. Other minerals that occur in the State are barytes, copper, gold, kyanite, pyrite and titanium minerals in Birbhum district; dolomite in ; feldspar in Bankura and Birbhum districts; granite in Bankura and Birbhum districts; lead-zinc in ; limestone in Bankura and Birbhum districts; manganese ore and sillimanite in Medinipur district; quartz/silica sand in Bankura, Hooghly and Birbhum districts; tungsten & vermiculite in (Indian Minerals Year Book 2012 2012,GoI). Therefore, a comprehensive effort has been made to discover the existing scenario of Paschim Bardhaman district in respect to identification of the minor minerals enriched sites as it is well recognized that, physio graphically and/or in geological aspect the entire district of Paschim Bardhaman is extremely magnanimous. Disclaimer: - The data may vary due to flood, heavy rains and other natural calamities. Therefore it is recommended that DEIAA / SEIAA may take into consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to the concerned authority.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

2. INTRODUCTION The wide-ranging survey based geological report on minor mineral resources of Paschim Bardhaman establishes the history of river bed, river bank sand deposition and gravel deposits in the form of palaeo- placer or fossilized channels. To prepare the District Survey Report (DSR) of Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, the concept of GREEN FIELD THEORY (or somewhere the concept of BROWN FIELD THEORY) has been considered just to depict the history of overall geology followed by disposition of different types of lithounits. Approximate boundary coordinates of Paschim Bardhaman District are as follows: Table 1: Approximate Boundary Coordinates of Paschim Bardhaman District Sl. No. Latitude Longitude 1. 23°49'58.689"N 86°47'48.783"E 2. 23°37'13.706"N 87°31'25.196"E 3. 23°37'13.706"N 87°3'25.196"E 4. 23°23'30.882"N 87°26'9.684"E 5. 23°41'18.639"N 86°47'38.048"E

Earlier Bardhaman district stretched from the river Bhagirathi in the east to the state of on the west. To the south, across the are the and Bankura districts while district of Jharkhand lies on the western side. Two mighty rivers - the Ajay and the Damodar, flows more or less, along the northern and southern boundary of the district. Total geographical area of the district is 1603.17 square km. Archaeologically, and Birbhanpur have indicated settlements in the Ajay and Damodar valleys in the Mesolithic age, around 5,000 BC. In earlier times this area was called, Bardhamanbhukti. It was a part of the ‘Rarh’ region and was ruled successively by the , Mauryas, Kushanas and Guptas. The area was part of the Gauda Kingdom during the period of king in the 7th century and later on it was governed by the Palas and Senas, till Bakhtiyar Khilji captured the area in 1199 AD. In 1757 after the, the fertile district of Bardhaman, along with Medinipur and Chittagong, were relinquished to the Company. picked up the Diwani of Bardhaman in 1765, the area covered the provinces Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Birbhum. Bankura, Hooghly and Birbhum were restored and formed as separate districts in 1805, 1820 and 1837 respectively. The Shergarh and Senpahari, which were far along formed subdivision, the western most subdivision of the district. Durgapur subdivision was carved out of Asansol subdivision in 1968 (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, 2017- 18). Durgapur subdivision is situated on the eastern side of the district and is bordered by district of Jharkhand and Birbhum district of West Bengal in the north; is in the east. Bardhaman district finally was bifurcated into two separate districts e.g., Purba Bardhaman and Paschim Bardhaman on 7 April 2017. Asansol is the divisional as well as district headquarter. According to the report of International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body (2010), Asansol is the second largest city in in West Bengal after Kolkata and 39th largest urban agglomeration in India and ranked 11th among Indian and 42nd in

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities. Coordinates of Asansol n Durgapur headquarters are 23.68°N, 86.99°E and 23.48°N, 87.32°E respectively. Durgapur is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal and happens to be the second planned city of India after (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, 2017-18). Paschim Bardhaman district is a sort of an extension of the Chotanagpur Plateau. It is a transitional zone between the Chotanagpur Plateau, which constitutes a portion of peninsular shield in the west, and Ganga-Brahamaputra alluvial plain in the north and east. The rocky undulating topography with laterite soil is found in the western part of the district, which extends to the western part of Durgapur subdivision; barren, rocky and rolling laterite soil rising into rocky hillocks, the highest being 227m. The eastern part of the district gradually slopes down to the rice plains of Bengal. The district resembles a promontory jutting out from the hill ranges of Chotonagpur plateau and consists of barren, rocky and rolling country with laterite soil rising into rocky hillocks, the highest being 227m on the right bank of the Ajoy river and shut in on the west, north and south by the hills of Chotanagpur and the Santhal Parganas. There are practically no in this part. The surface is generally covered with clay in parts, alluvial, but in others formed from the decomposition of the rocks with great stretches of land wholly unfit for cultivation. These diversify the otherwise monotonous land scape and lend special charm to the skyline around Asansol sub-division. Along the Damodar to the south there are narrow strips of land formed by alluvium which yield good harvest. The numerous coal pits are situated in this strip of undulating country enclosed by the Ajoy and the Damodar rivers; this area of the district is one of the busiest industrial tracts in the whole of India, with its coal fields and iron & steel factories thronged by miners and migrant workers from the neighboring districts (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, (2017-18).

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

MAP NO. 1: LOCATION MAP OF THE DISTRICT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

3. GENERAL PROFILE a) General Information

Paschim Bardhaman district is the 23rd district of West Bengal. It was formed on 7th April, 2017 bifurcated from the erstwhile Bardhaman district. The total geographical area of the district is 1603.17 sq. km. The district comprises of two subdivisions viz., Asansol Sadar and Durgapur. The co-ordinates of Asansol subdivision are 23.68°N and 86.990E. The other subdivision, Durgapur is located at 23.48° North latitude, and 87.32° East longitude. The agrarian part of Bardhaman now fall under Purba Bardhaman, while the industrial hub is in West Bardhaman. Asansol is the divisional as well as District Headquarters. It is the second largest city in West Bengal after Kolkata and 39th largest urban agglomeration in India. Durgapur, the Divisional Headquarters is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal and happens to be the second planned city of India after Chandigarh. Durgapur is by far the most industrialized city in eastern India.

Table 2: Key Statistics of administrative section of the district, at a glance District Head Quarter Asansol Sub-Division 02 Police Station 16 Panchayat Samity/ Block 08 Gram Panchayat 62 Gram Sansad 833 No. of Mouza 611 Police Stations 16 Development Blocks 8 Municipal Corporations 2 Census towns 65 Gram Panchayats 62 Lok Sabha constituencies 2 Vidhan Sabha constituencies 10

SOURCE: DISTRICT INDUSTRIAL PROFILE, 2017 - 18

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Table 3: Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the district Lok Sabha constituencies Asansol, Bardhaman-Durgapur Vidhan Sabha constituencies Asansol Uttar, Asansol Dakshin, , Durgapur Purba, , , Table 4: Community development blocks of the district Asansol Sadar subdivision (4) Barabani Jamuria Raniganj Durgapur subdivision Andal Pandabeswar Faridpur-Durgapur Kanksa

The district comprises of 2 sub divisions, Asansol Sadar and Durgapur. There are 16 Police Stations, 8 Developmental Blocks, 2 Municipal Corporation, 62 Gram Panchayat under Asansol subdivision. Durgapur subdivision has 6 Police Stations, 4 Community developmental Blocks, 4 Panchayat Samity, 27 Gram Panchayats. The district has a population of 28,82,031 nos., out of which total male population is 14,97,479 nos. and total female population is 13,84,552 nos. as per 2011 census. Asansol subdivision has a rural population of 16.67% and urban population of 83.33%, while Durgapur subdivision has a rural population of 20.78% and urban population of 79.22%. The district stretches from the river Bhagirathi in the east to the state of Jharkhand on the west. Western most Subdivision is Asansol; the next one on the eastern side of it is the Durgapur subdivision. West Bardhaman District is formed with these two western subdivisions. It is bordered by of Jharkhand and Birbhum district of West Bengal in the north; Purba Bardhaman district is in the east. To the south, across the Damodar River are the Purulia & Bankura districts while of Jharkhand lies on the western side. Two mighty rivers - the Ajay and the Damodar, flow more or less, along the northern and southern boundary of the district. The Ajoy-Damodar inter-stream tract is made up of several myriads of minor rivers & streams which criss-cross the district. This diversifies the landscape and lends a special charm to the area around Asansol & Durgapur subdivision.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

MAP. No. 2: ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

b) Climate Condition Being a part of tropics the climate of the district is hot and humid. There is marked difference between the winter and the summer temperatures. The average summer temperature is 30°C and average winter temperature is 14°C. The hottest month is May and the coldest month is January. In monsoon period from June to September, wind blows from the south-west direction recognized as south-west monsoon. During winter, i.e., from December to February winds are mainly northerly or north-easterly with clear or patchily clouded sky. Temperatures are fairly cool between winter and spring (Ghosh et. al., 2018). The summers are much rainier than the winters in Bardhaman. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw.  Summer Temperature: Max: ≈40°C  Winter Temperature: Min: ≈14°C

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

 Summer Paschim Bardhaman district experiences dry and hot summer with maximum temperature of near about ≈ 40°C during summer. The district shows a fierce dry heat in the warmer months. The summers in Paschim Bardhaman usually start from month of March and last till the middle of June.  Monsoon The arrival of the month of June marks the onset of monsoon in Paschim Bardhaman. The district receives a high average rainfall. June to September has shown maximum average rainfall with moderate temperature. Average rainfall being 1400 mm.  Winter Winters in Paschim Bardhaman are pleasant and enjoyable, with mercury dropping to about 14°C or below. The winter starts from December and last till the month of February. Due to such favorable conditions, winter is deemed as the best time for the tourists to visit Paschim Bardhaman. Chart No. 1. Climate graph of Paschim Bardhaman district

Chart No. 2. Average temperature of Paschim Bardhaman district

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Table 5: Minimum and Maximum Temperature Trend of Bardhaman district (2018)

Month Min Temperature (°C) Max Temperature (°C) January 10 24 February 13 28 March 18 32 April 22 38 May 23 36 June 25 34 July 24 32 August 24 32 September 22 32 October 20 31 November 13 29 December 10 26

Mukherjee and Banerjee, 2018 c) Rainfall (month wise) and Humidity The average annual rainfall of the area is about 1400 mm. Rainfall during the monsoon period (June to September) constitutes 75 % of the annual rainfall. The driest month is December, with 2 mm or 0.1 inch of rain. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in July, with an average of 309 mm or 12.2 inch. On an average the district has 70 rainy days in a year. The most prominent special weather phenomena of the district are the Norwesterlies, or Kalbaisakhis. Most of them strike with speed of 65 to 100 km/hr with rainfall ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm and marked by a consequent fall of temperature (Ghosh et. al., 2018).

The maximum and minimum relative humidity of the district during summer season varies from 75% to 85 % and 40% to 60% respectively. In winter time district’s humidity varies from maximum 80 % to 90 % and minimum 30% to 55% [Source: District Disaster Management Plan, 2015-2016].

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Table 6: Month-wise average normal and received rainfall data of the year 2018

Month Normal rainfall Received rainfall January 17.0 0.2 February 20.0 0.0 March 37.0 22.0 April 58.0 21.9 May 118.0 141.4 June 226.0 217.3 July 273.0 430.6 August 242.0 217.6 September 276.0 189.0 October 131.0 223.6 November 14.0 19.5 December 5.0 17.9 Total 1417.0 1501.0 (Source: Disaster management plan 2018, by DDMO & SDDMO 2018) d) Topography and Terrain  Average Altitude: 150 metre  Highest Altitude: 227 metre The district is a part of Ajay Damodar tract with the Ajay on the north, the Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west. The Ajoy-Damodar inter-stream tract is made up of several myriads of minor rivers and streams which criss-cross the district. This diversifies the landscape and lends a special charm to the area around Asansol and Durgapur subdivision. Paschim Bardhaman district occurs with its varied tectonic elements and riverine features, it is a transitional zone between the Jharkhand plateau which constitutes a portion of peninsular shield in the west and Ganga-Brahamaputra alluvial plain in the north and east. In general the Jharkhand plateau consists of the meta-sedimentary rocks of Precambrian age, Gondwana sedimentary rocks, basalts and upper tertiary sediments. Laterite has developed on these older rocks as well as on early Quaternary sediments. Towards south, the alluvial plain merges with Damodar-Kasain-Subarnarekha deltaic plains. The western half of the district resembles a promontory jutting out from the hill ranges of Chhotanagpur plateau and consists of barren, rocky and rolling country with a laterite soil rising into rocky hillocks, the highest being 227 m. These diversify the otherwise monotonous landscape and lend a special charm to the skyline around Asansol subdivision. Ajoy-barakar divides this district in a convex plateau, the average altitude being 150 m. The slope is westerly to the west and to the east. It is northerly dipping towards Ajay and southerly towards Damodar below the latitude. The Ajoy- Damodar inter-stream tract is made up of several stows consisting of valley and low convex spurs which run in almost all directions except north-east and thus lends a very complicated character to local relief (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, 2017 - 2018).

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

MAP. NO. 3: SLOPE MAP OF THE PASCHIM BARDHAWAN DISTRICT

e) Water Course and Hydrology

The river system in Bardhaman includes the Bhagirathi-Hooghly in the east, the Ajoy & its tributaries in the north and the Dwarakeswar, the Damodar & its branches in the south-west. Besides, there are innumerable Khals and old river beds spread all over the area. The notable rivers and khals are Damodar, Bhagirathi, Barakar, Ajay, Dwarakeswar, Nonia, Singaram, Tamla, Kukua, Kunur, Tumuni, Khari, Banka, Chanda-kanki nala, Behula, Gangur, Brahmani, Khandesvari, Karulia nala, Dwaraka or Babla, Koiya nala, Kandarkahal, Kanadamodar, Kananadi, Ghea, Kakinadi etc. The hydrogeological study is done to understand the local geology, geomorphic features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Various components controlling the hydrogeological regime. Where the formation is consolidated/semi consolidated water level occurs at fracture zone or at

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weathered residuum at 65 mbgl and 100 mbgl respectively. In lateritic terrain the maximum thickness of Older Alluvium is 50 m, which is capped by laterites. Individual aquifer in older alluvium is of limited thickness and discontinuous in nature has poor yield water prospect. The presence of unconsolidated to semi consolidated Tertiary gravel &sand stone, under the Older Alluvium, in the depth zone of 100-140 mbgl, which is porous in nature and has the yield prospect of 180 m3 /hr. f) Ground water development

Ground water systems are the result of complex combination of different lithological and structural types within an area that together constitutes an aquifer within which ground water accumulates and moves. In the major part of the district, ground water in thick unconsolidated Quaternaries and Tertiaries deposited under fluviatile environment, the sand and/or gravel in different proportions of this formation constitute the main aquifer and they occur down to 295 mbgl in the central and eastern part of the district. Deeper aquifers occur under semi-confined to confined condition. Groundwater in the western part of Upper- Palaeozoic- Mesozoic- Tertiary sequences of Gondwana Supergroup of sedimentaries occur under both unconfined and confined conditions down to 150.35 mbgl. Groundwater in the extreme northwestern small part of Salanpur Block occupied by the archaean metamorphics occurs down to a depth of about 82 mbgl under both unconfined and confined conditions down to 150.35 mbgl. It mainly occurs under unconfined condition in the dug well zone and under semi confined to confined condition in the deeper horizons. In Bardhaman District Ground Water occurs in Semi-confined to Confined aquifer conditions in the depth span of 12.00-38.00 mbgl, 31.00-55.00 m bgl and 70.00-88.00 mbgl.

Table 7: Status of Ground water Development (Block wise)

SL No. Block Occurrences of Aquifers & its potentiality (as Feasibility of GW available with CGWB) abstraction structures 1 KANKSA In general, in the depth span of 13-29 mbgl, 35-63 Low duty (<50 mbgl, 118-136 mbgl. 150 160 mbgl and 170-203 mbgl; m3/hr), and T of the aquifers ranges up to 186.50 m2/d and S is medium duty (100- within 4.3x10-4 to 188x10-4. 150 m3/hr) tube wells are generally feasible. Low duty (<50 2 FARIDPUR - In general, in the depth span of 12.00-38.00 mbgl, 31- m3/hr) tube wells are DURGAPUR 55 mbgl, 70-88 mbgl; generally feasible. T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m2/d and S is within 14x10-4. In general, in the depth span of 3.00 - 20.98 mbgl, 44.98- Low duty (<50 3 PANDABESW 59.42 mbgl, 66.43- 69.45 mbgl, 76.40-82.84 mbgl, 96.14 m3/hr) tube wells are AR -100.00 mbgl and 146.37-150.39 mbgl generally feasible. T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m2/d and S is within 14x10-4. In general, in the depth span of 3.00 - 20.98 mbgl, 44.98- Low duty (<50 4 ONDAL 59.42 mbgl, 66.43- 69.45 mbgl, 76.40-82.84 mbgl, 96.14 m3/hr) tube wells are -100.00 mbgl and 146.37-150.39 mbgl generally feasible.

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T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m2/d and S is within 14x10-4. Low duty (<50 5 JAMURIA Multiple aquifer system occurs up to depth of 100 m3/hr) tube wells are mbgl, 2 generally feasible. T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m /d and S is within 14x10-4. In general, in the depth span of 1.00 – 13.69 mbgl, 18- 6 RANIGANJ Low duty (<50 28.66 mbgl, 29.51-66.0 mbgl, 70.0-72.0mbgl, 75.0 - 3 76.00 mbgl and 80.0-81.0mbgl m /hr) tube wells are generally 2 T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m /d and S is feasible. within 14x10-4. In general, in the depth span of 7.00 – 8.00 mbgl, 18- 7 BARABANI 33.00 mbgl, 46.00-88.0 mbgl and 126.0-135.0mbgl Low duty (<50 m3/hr) tube wells 2 T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m /d and S is are generally -4 within 14x10 . feasible. 8 ASANSOL Multiple aquifer system occurs up to depth of 125 Medium duty (50- mbgl, 150 m3/hr) and T of the aquifers ranges within 30.77-1700 m'/day and heavy duty (>150 S is within 2.5x10 -188x10. m3/hr) tube wells are generally feasible In general, in the depth span of 2.00 – 32.0 mbgl, and 9 SALANPUR 34.0-82.0mbgl Low duty (<50 m3/hr) tube wells 2 T of the aquifers ranges up to 40-50 m /d and S is are generally -4 within 14x10 . feasible.

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MAP NO. 4: WATER LEVEL DEPTH MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT (PRE-MONSOON)

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MAP NO. 5: WATER LEVEL DEPTH MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT (POST-MONSOON)

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g) Drainage system (general) Damodar River running west to south-east, is the major steam in the area. Damodar River is a river flowing across this state and Jharkhand. Rich in mineral resources, the valley is home to large-scale mining and industrial activity. The Damodar and its tributaries have been somewhat tamed with the construction of several dams. It has a number of tributaries and sub-tributaries, such as Barakar, Konar, , Haharo, Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera. The Damodar Valley is spread across , Ramgarh, Koderma, , Dhanbad, Bokaro & Chatra districts in Jharkhand and Bardhaman and Hooghly districts in West Bengal and partially covers Palamu, , Lohardaga and Dumka districts in Jharkhand and Howrah, Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal with a command area of 24,235 km². The drainage in the study area is mainly Damodar river and its tributaries. The secondary tributaries are Talma, Choupai, Barajuri and and Barjor. h) Demography

Persuasive portrayal of the state of West Bengal will be inadequate without mentioning the Paschim Bardhaman district, which is formed on 7 April, 2017, after splitting the Bardhaman district into Paschim and Purba Bardhaman. The district headquarters of Paschim Bardhaman are Asansol Sadar subdivision and Durgapur subdivision. The distance of Asansol Sadar subdivision & Durgapur subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman from Kolkata is roughly about 210.5 km via GT Road and NH19 and 170.6 km via, NH19 respectively. Paschim Bardhaman is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau with infertile laterite rocks and soils, famous for its forested magnificence and climaxing topography with meandering rivers and rivulets. It is a preferred destination for every nature lover and cultural heritages. (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, 2017 -2018). The Asansol Sadar subdivision with 831.89 sq.km geographical area had a population 1672659 as per 2011 census. Whereas, Durgapur subdivision with a geographical area of 771.28 sq.km has a population of 1209372 (Census, 2001). Asansol subdivision has a rural population of 16.67% and urban population of 83.33%, while Durgapur subdivision has a rural population of 20.78% and urban population of 79.22%. Paschim Bardhaman is not only rich in a variety of environmental resources like land, forest but also wealthy with human resources (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, 2017 -2018). According to, the 2011 Census and ‘Primary Census Abstract Data Tables, West Bengal – District-wise’, Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (Retrieved 16 April, 2017) report, the total number of literates in Paschim Bardhaman district, after bifurcation of Bardhaman district in 2017, was 20,15,056 (78.75% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 11,36,990 (85.44% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 8,06,010 (65.55% of the female population over 6 years). As stated by the census 2011, numbered 24,42,414 and formed 84.75% of the population in Paschim Bardhaman district. numbered 3,84,027 and formed 13.32% of the population. Christians numbered 12,636 and formed 0.44% of the population. Others numbered 42,954 and formed 1.49% of the population (“C1 Population by Religious Community"; West Bengal; Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India; Retrieved 17 April 2017).

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Table 8: The urban-rural divide of the two administrative subdivisions Subdivision Headquarters Area Population Rural Urban km2 (2011) Population % Population % (2011) (2011) Asansol Sadar Asansol 831.89 16,72,659 16.67 83.33 Durgapur Durgapur 771.28 12,09,372 20.78 79.22 Paschim Bardhaman district Asansol 1,603.17 28,82,031 18.39 81.61 (District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan, Retrieved 12 March 2019) ও , আজ জ আ , (in Bengali). ABP Ananda, 7 April 2017.

Table 9: literacy Patter of the district (Source: Census 2011)

Description : Data Sex ratio (per 1000 male) : 924.58 Average Literacy : 78.75% Total numbers of literates (over 6 : 20,15,056 years) Male literates (over 6 years) : 11,36,990 (85.44%) Female literates (over 6 years). : 8,06,010 (65.55%)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/; https://paschimbarddhaman.gov.in/; https://www.census2011.co.in/ Chart. No. 3 Graphical Representation of distribution of male & female literates of the district of Paschim Bardhaman

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000 % % values

500000

0 Total Literacy (78.75%) Male literates (over 6 years, Female literates (over 6 years, 85.44%) 65.55%) Literacy rate

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Table 10: Paschim Bardhaman Religion Data (Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/) Information Hindu Muslim Christian Others Total numbers 24,42,414 3,84,027 12,636 42,954 % values 84.75% 13.32% 0.44% 1.49% i) Cropping Pattern Cropping intensity may be defined as the ratio between net cultivated area and total cultivated area. It indicates the intensity of cultivation in a region in a crop year. Higher will be the gross cropped area higher will be the intensity of cropping. Suitable soil, climatic condition, irrigation facilities help the farmers to grow more than one crop and thus increasing the intensity of cropping. Paschim Bardhaman district covers total cropped area of 77735 hectares as of 2014-15 [District Industrial Profile, 2017-2018, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India]. According to the report on, ‘Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Paschim Bardhaman (2007 - 08), high intensity of cropping (184%) was observed in Paschim Bardhaman. Paddy is the most important crop of the district and covers maximum of the gross cropped area. Among commercial crops, jute, sugarcane, potato and oilseeds are major crops. Major and most common cropping practice patterns of the district consist of ‘paddy-wheat- vegetables’, ‘paddy -potato-sesame’, ‘paddy-vegetable-mustard’ and ‘jute-paddy-vegetables’ [Source: District Disaster Management Plan, 2015-2016]. The gross cropped area of the district is 832.1hectares, net sown area is 452 hectares, and area sown more than once is 380.1 hectares (Agriculture Contingency Plan of Bardhaman).

Table 11: Agricultural land usage and cropping intensity of Paschim Bardhaman AGRICULTURAL LAND AREA (in Ha) CROPPING USAGE INTENSITY Net sown area 252.0 84% Area sown more than once 180.1

Gross cropped area 532.1 Source: Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Paschim Bardhaman’ (2017 - 18)

Table 12: Agricultural land utilization of Paschim Bardhaman during 2018-19 Non Agriculture Land 62998 Ha. Cultivable Barren land 2202 Ha. Cropped area 77735 Ha. District Industrial Profile, 2018-2019, Paschim Bardhaman

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Chart. No. 4 Agricultural land utilization (in Ha) of Paschim Bardhaman

Non Agriculture Land, 62998

Cropped area, 77735

Cultivable Barren land, 2202

j) Landform and Seismicity The district Paschim Bardhaman is a fragment of Chhotanagpur plateau (District Industrial Profile, 2017 - 18). The western part of Paschim Bardhaman district shows the presence of hillocks and the elevated part of the Chhotanagpur Plateau gradually fuses to the riverine plains. Paschim Bardhaman district is prone to disasters like flood, drought, cyclone etc., and in the past the district has experienced the intimidations of such disasters and falls under moderate damage risk zone in respect to seismicity proneness (http://wbdmd.gov.in/pages/earthquake.aspx). Paschim Bardhaman district is categorized under seismically active zone - III i.e., moderate seismic intensity zone. Bureau of Indian Standards, based on the past seismic history, grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone - II, Zone -III, Zone - IV and Zone - V. Of these, Zone V is the most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, broadly associated with various zones, is as given in Table: No. Table 13: Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale

SEISMIC ZONE INTENSITY ON MM SCALE II Low intensity zone III Moderate intensity zone IV Severe intensity zone V Very severe intensity zone

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k) Flora Before, 2017, Paschim Bardhaman was recognized as an important part of Bardhaman district. As the district experiences a climate which is transitional between CWg3 and AW1 types, where 'C' stands for 'warm temperate rainy climates with mild winter', 'W' for 'dry winter not compensated for by total rain in the rest of the year', 'g3' for 'eastern type of temperature trend' and 'AW1' for 'tropical savanna climates' (http://Barddhaman.nic.in/home.htm) and lies between Chhotanagpur Plateau and Gangetic plains for this reason it is rich in biodiversity. The forests of the district are characterized by tropical dry attributes. In the wasteland, scrubs and bushes are found (Ghosh, et. al., 2018). The predominant and principal floral species embrace the following: Table 14: Predominant and principal floral tree species of Paschim Bardhaman COMMON SCIENTIFIC NAME TYPE UTILITY/ IMPORTANCE /PARTS USED NAME Sal Tree . Timber and Mahua Madhuea latifolia Tree . is used as food. . Medicinal uses: The extract of is used as tonic, analgesic and diuretic and Heptoprotective activity. . Flowers are also used for the treatment of helminths, acute and chronic tonsillitis, and pharyngitis and bronchitis diseases.

Palas Bulea Monosperma Tree . Bark extract has wound healing potential

Bans Bambusa arundinacea Tree . Construction, Shedding

Arjun Terminalia Arjuna Tree . Bark extract id used as medicine for cardiovascular diseases. Shireesh Albizia saman Tree . Used as shelter belt in crop fields . Medicinally, the is used in the treatment of diarrhea, stomach pain, and sore throat. It is also used as a laxative.

Kend Diospyros melanoxylon Tree . There are many nutritional uses of various parts of this plant starting from , fruits, bark and seeds. . Leaves are used as styptic, in the treatment of scabies and old wounds, and as laxative and carminative medicine. . Kend also helps in stomach disorders.

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The flora of the district is characterized by the arborescent species such as Simul (Salmalia malabarica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Amlaki (Phyllanthus embica), Narikel (Cocos nucifera), Khejur (Phoenix dactylifera), Tal (), Bot (Ficus bengalensis), Asvattha (), , Krishnachuda (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), Aam (Mangifera indica) and shrubby species such as ashsheoda (Glycosmis pentaphylla), Pianj, Rasun, Rajanigandha (Polyanthes tuberosa), Ghentu or Bhat (Clerodendron infortunatum), Gulancha (Tinospora cordifolia), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Shiora (Streblus asper) and Dumur (Ficus hispida). The uplands of Asansol subdivision and the lateritic area of the district are in places covered with Sal (Shorea robusta), Mohua (Madhnea latifolia), Palas ( monosperma), Bans (Bambusa arundinacea), Shireesha (Albizzia lebbek), Kend (Diospyros melanoxylon), and Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna). The common in hedges and wastelands are lal-bharenda (Jatropha gossypifolia), Ban-okra (Urena lobata), Ulu (Imperata arundinecea) etc. The common aquatic and marsh weeds found in the jheels and swamps in the eastern parts of the district are Keshe (Saccharum spentaneum), Bena (Andropogon squarrosus), Ganj or pata- sola (Vallisneria spiralis), Jhangi (Hydrilla verticillata.), Pond weed (Potamogeten indicus), Kesar- dam(Jussiaea repens), Kush (Eragrostis cynosuroides), common Jhangi (Utricularia stellaris), Pana (Lemna pancicostata), Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), Hogla (Typha angustata), Padma (Nelumbium speciosum) etc. [ Source: District Gazetter, Bardhaman].

Image 1: Madhuea latifolia Image 2: Diospyros melanoxylon

l) Fauna

Paschim Bardhaman has a rich ecological and wildlife heritage. Wildlife of Paschim Bardhaman includes diversified mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, birds and reptiles. A newly created research organization, and biodiversity portal of district of West Bengal named as, Biodiversity of Paschim Bardhaman, a sister-group of ‘Birding Durgapur’ has already explored and documented that till date only in Durgapur 238 species of birds, 99 species of butterfly, and about more than 60 species which is a positive indication of larger exploration in whole district. The group is also engaged to explore the species of plant, mollus, amphibian, reptiles etc.

(https://biodiversityofpaschimBardhaman.weebly.com/). The District Gazetter, Bardhaman, depicted that, the mammalian carnivore of the district comprises of

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leopard (Panthera pardus), wolf (Canis lupus), hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), jackal (Canis aureus) and other smaller species, but hyaenas are not so common. (Panthera tigris) were formerly common in the district, especially in the jungles of the Asansol subdivision adjoining the Jharkhand, but have now a days entirely disappeared from this province of Paschim Bardhaman. Wolves are infrequently found, and are mostly met with in the jungles north of Kanksa. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are numerous throughout the district and monkeys (Cercopithecidae sp.) also abound including the variety known as . In the hilly area’s pythons (Pythonidae sp.) are found occassionally. Poisonous snakes are very common and include several kinds of cobra (Serpentes sp.), the kraits (Bungarus sp.) and the deadly Russell's viper (Daboia russelii). Other most frequently seen varieties are the Dhamna (Ptyas mucosa) and various species of harmless grass snakes (Natrix natrix). The common avifauna of the district are pea-fowl (Pavo cristatus), jungle-fowl (Gallus sp.), jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), house crow (Corvus splendens), treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda), common babbler (Turdoides caudata), gold-fronted chloropsis (Chloropsis aurifrons), red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), red spotted bluethroat (Luscinia svecica), brown-backed robin (Erythropygia hartlaubi), Shama (Copsychus malabaricus), Tickell's blue flycatcher (Cyornis tickelliae), paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone sp.), wood shrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus), black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), tailor bird (Orthotomus sp.), streaked fantail warbler (Cisticola juncidis), golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), common mayna (Acridotheres tristis), pied mayna (Gracupica contra), white-backed munia (Lonchura striata), white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica), spitted munia (Lonchura punctulata), red munia (Amandava amandava), yellow-throated sparrow (Petronia xanthocollis), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), woodpecker (Picidae sp.), India (Cuculus micropterus), pied crested cuckoo (Clamator jacobinus), koel (Eudynamys sp.), parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus), nilkantha (Coracias benghalensis), bee-eater (Meropidae sp.), kingfisher (Alcedines sp.), hornbill (Bucerotidae sp.), hoopoe (Upupidae sp.), horned (Bubo virginianus), spotted owlet (Athene brama), jungle owlet (Glaucidium radiatum), griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), long-billed vulture (Gyps indicus), scavenger vulture (Neophron percnopterus), lagger falcon (Falco jugger), small spotted eagle (Clanga clanga), brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), pariah kite (Milvus migrans), sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus), various types of pigeon and dove, goose, duck, teal, lapwing, white necked stork and several varieties of egret and heron. District’s wildlife heritage is significantly enriched by some species of various migratory birds. Specifically, the low-lying swampy areas of Paschim Bardhaman are an excellent line of migration habitat of birds and provide a very good shelter for the migratory birds throughout the winter season.

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4. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT  General Landforms General landform of an area represents natural and/or human influenced facets of the earth‟s crust and also involves portraying vertical and horizontal dimensions along with their arrangements. Distinctive landforms embrace not only hills, mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys but also include oceanfront landscapes, submerged topographies, ridges of mid-oceans, volcanoes and the great ocean basins whose three-dimensional fragments are in constant motion which combines and abolishes the records of the past (Hargitai1 et.al., 2015). Paschim Bardhaman is a sort of an extension of the Chota Plateau. Almost rectangular shaped district Paschim Bardhaman is fundamentally an intermediate precinct between Chotanagpur Plateau that constitutes a part of peninsular shield in west and alluvial plain of Ganga - Brahamaputra river system in the north and east. The district is influenced by the rivers e.g., Ajay on the north; Damodar on the south and the Barakar on the west and therefore, the district is shares a portion of the Ajay Damodar -Barakar tract. Numbers of streams and waterways criss-crosses the district and lends differentiated landscape. Ajay-Damodar inter-stream tract basically adorned the areas in and around the Asansol and Durgapur subdivision (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Government of India 2017-2018). The surface gradient of this province is southerly towards the Damodar and westerly towards the west, northerly towards the Ajay (Peterson, J.C.K.1910: 7). The western part of Paschim Bardhaman district illustrates the occurrence of hillocks and the elevated area of the Chhotanagpur Plateau progressively slopes down to the riverine plain areas (http://wbdmd.gov.in/pages/earthquake.aspx). Report of National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Regional Centre Calcutta (2013) that is entitled, “Soil survey and land use plan of Bardhaman district (West Bengal)” incarnated that, the westernmost province of erstwhile Bardhaman district which is currently separated as Paschim Bardhaman district can be ordered into four (4) classes of slope profile e.g., (i) gently sloping predominantly in western part of the districts, (ii) gently sloping to moderatly sloping in Salapur and Barabani areas,(iii) gently sloping to very gently sloping profile in Raniganj, Pandabeshwar, Ondal, Asansol, parts of Durgapur and (iv) very gently sloping belt along the river bank of Ajoy.  Soil & Rock Pattern SOIL: According to the taxonomic categorization soil of Paschim Bardhaman district is chiefly represents the Aeric Ochraqualfs-Udic Haplustalfs in addition to Plinthustalfs-Ultic Paleustalfs, Plinthustalfs-Lithic Ustochrepts, Typic Ochraqualfs-Vertic Ochraqualfs, Ultic Paleustalfs etc., (Projection & Geodetic Reference System: GCS, WGS 198; CGWB & GSI, 1984). It is pragmatic that in survey area, the texture of soil is mostly loamy. Gravelly loam soil covers near about 50% of district‟s total geographical area. In addition to this fine loamy to coarse loamy and fine loamy to sandy loamy types of soils are abundant in the district (Ref. Map. No. 6). Parent Materials of the district of Paschim Bardhaman encompasses the varieties primarily of Colluvium-Alluvium, Colluvium-Alluvium-Shale, Granite-Gneiss and Alluvium-Granite Gneiss along with Granite Gneiss-Sandstone in very confined region at West with soil depth from deep to very deep (Projection & Geodetic Reference System: GCS, WGS 198; CGWB & GSI, 1984).

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MAP NO. 6: SOIL MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

 Rock Pattern The rocky undulating geography with laterite soil is found in the western part of the district, which extends to the western part of Durgapur subdivision; barren, rocky and rolling laterite soil rising into rocky hillocks. The eastern part of the district gradually fuses down to the plains of the state of west Bengal (District Industrial Profile, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Government of India 2017-2018). Wide-ranging tracts of laterite rock have superimposed the areas Raniganj towards northeast and Durgapur strata as well. Such deposition of laterite is composed of plentiful quartz grains along with abundant quartz grains. The worth mentioning aspect of this deposition is that, these quartzose laterities gone through the latrite gravels and lateritie conglomerates. Enormous varieties of lateritic deposits are present with their fundamental lithological attributes in sandy of gravel beds and are considered to be a true laterite gravels and conglomerates. Lateritic deposition

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associated with sandstone, clay ironstone also found in this domain of West Bengal. Abundance of Lateritic deposits mainly in form of quartzose gravels occur in Raniganj and Pancheyt beds of the south and north of the river Damodar (Roy, 2019). Fine grained sandstone, siltstone with coal seams and micaceous shale predominantly presents district‟s major portion. Such type of pattern of rock mainly covers most of the areas of Raniganj, Pandabeshwar, Ondal, Jamuria Asansol, Faridpur and trivial parts of and Salanpur, Durgapur areas. Durgapur area largely possess lateritic type of rock with sand, silt and clay with caliche concretion of Upper Pleistocene to Upper Holocene foundation with a clear cut lithology of upper mature deltic plain & paradeltaic flood surface. Huge portions of Salanpur and lesser areas of Barabani are covered by Granite gneiss and migmatite and theses basically characterized by Pediplain with scattered rock fragment constituting pebbles & gravels of quartz, feldspar & basic rocks of Archean origin (Projection & Geodetic Reference System: GCS, WGS 198; CGWB & GSI, 1984).  Different Geomorphological Units

Geomorphologically the district consists of three (3) major physiographic zones namely (i) Flood plain (ii) Pe diplain with scattered rock (iii) Upper mature deltaic plain. As the geomorphology of the region is the expression of surface or subsurface lithostratigraphy, therefore, the geomorphological profile of the district is transparently bestowing the soils are heterogeneous in their morphological characteristics such as soil depth, colour, texture, structure, drainage, slope etc. Paschim Bardhaman district lies at the eastern fringe of Chotanagpur Plateau and possesses predominantly sandstone, conglomerate micaceous shale and siltstone along with granite gneiss and migmatite type of rocks. The area has the highest relief and extends from 80 metre contour and above in the west. The region is highly eroded and dissected. The district consists of three (3) major physiographic zones are described briefly.  FLOOD PLAIN Flood plain is formed due to successive floods and deposition which gradually raised the tract above flood level. The riverine area has developed through alluviation. The river gradient has decreased from east to west. This part is mostly inter-bedded layers of sand and clay. This region extends from 80 meter contour which is formed of alluvium brought by the river Damodar and Ajoy. The surface is undulating, interspersed with low ridges and valleys (Soil survey and land use plan of Bardhaman district, West Bengal National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2013). Flood plain is mainly restrained in areas under jurisdiction of Faridpur and Kangsa police station.  PEDIPLAIN WITH SCATTERED ROCK Pediplain with scattered rock fragment constituting pebbles & gravels of quartz, feldspar & basic rocks of Permo Carboniferous to Triassic and Archean ages (Projection & Geodetic Reference System: GCS, WGS 1984; CGWB & GSI, 1984). The western part of the district comprises the interfluve of the rivers.  UPPER MATURE DELTAIC PLAIN This region is built up of the deltaic fans of the streams flowing from the western hills. (Soil survey and land use plan of Bardhaman district, West Bengal National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2013) and mainly curbed under the areas of

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Kangsa towards east (Ref. Map. No. 7). MAP NO. 7: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

5. LAND USE PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT  INTRODUCTION Extensive areas of the tropical province have been severely abandoned due to unsustainable approach of land use (Lamb et. al., 2005). Landscapes in tropical belt have been wrought by the natives in both unjustifiable and viable ways over the past epochs (Whitmore and Turner, 2001; Heckenberger et. al., 2003; Toledo et. al., 2003). Being a district of a state of a tropical country, Paschim Bardhaman can be an example of this. Paschim Bardhaman is a newly formed district of West Bengal (2017) from the earlier „Bardhaman‟ district. The area is progressive in industrial growth. Ecologically profound areas of the district are subjected to over exploitation by local communities, socially & economically, for livelihood and portrays the distinct LULC as the land use/cover pattern of an area, which is an outcome of the natural & socio-economic parameter and used by the man in time and space (Kayet et. al., 2018). Ecologically, forests are essential for some villagers to earn money by selling fuel wood and plant leaves (Das and Das, 2015). Forests have been desecrated due to growth of human population and also because of clearing of forests for agricultural activities (Reynolds et. al., 2006). So, Land use and land cover (LULC) study is extremely significant for understanding the connections and interactions between anthropogenic activities and ecological occurrences for better decision making and land management (Lu et. al., 2004). The land use/land cover of the study mainly encompasses the aspects that are described below:  Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Land cover data documents how much of a region is covered by forests, wetlands, impervious surfaces, agriculture, and other land & water types. Water types include wetlands or open water.  Land use shows how people use the landscape – whether for development, conservation or mixed uses. Land use refers to the purpose the land serves, for example, recreation, wildlife habitat or agriculture. Land use applications involve both baseline mapping and subsequent monitoring, since timely information is required to know what current quantity of land is in what type of use and to identify the land use changes from year to year.  Deciduous forest: Woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2m, consists of broad-leaved tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods, dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year.  Cropland: Temporarily cropped area followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Different types of cropland based on seasons (e.g., kharif, rabi, zaid). Cropland includes areas used for the production of adapted crops for harvest.  Built up land: A developed area, i.e., any land on which buildings and/or non-building structures are present, normally as part of a larger developed environment such as: developed land lot, rural area, . Land covered by buildings and other man-made structures  Mixed forest: Vegetation formation composed principally of trees, including shrub and bush under story, where neither broad-leaved nor coniferous species predominate.  Shrub land: Land with woody vegetation less than 2m in height and with greater than 10% shrub canopy cover. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous. Shrub-land, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also

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including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrub-land may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity.  Fallow land: Fallow Land is farmland that has no crops on it, usually for a year, to recover its fertility to grow crops. Land taken up for cultivation temporarily allowed to remain uncultivated for one or more seasons.  Waste land: Sparsely vegetated land with signs of erosion and land deformation that could be attributed to lack of appropriate water & soil management or natural causes. These are land identified as currently underutilized and could be reclaimed to productive uses with reasonable effort. Degraded forest (<10% tree cover) with signs of erosion is classified under wasteland.  An empty area of land, especially in or near a city, which is not used to grow crops or built on, or used in any way and/or a place, time or situation containing nothing positive or productive, or completely without a particular quality or activity.  Water body: Areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, etc. Can be either fresh or salt-water bodies.  Plantations: A plantation is the large-scale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugarcane, sisal, oilseeds, oil palms, rubber trees, fruits, commercial horticulture plantations, orchards and tree cash crops.  Wetland: A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is inundated by water, either permanently or seasonally. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants adapted to the unique hydric soil. Land with permanent mixture of water and herbaceous or woody vegetation. The vegetation can be present either in salt, brackish, or fresh water. Table 15: Land use pattern of the district CLASS NAME AREA in sq. km.

Deciduous forest  88.39 Crop land  922.93 Built-up land  354.36 Mixed forest  34.82 Shrub land  167.31 Fallow land  4.85 Waste land  19.68 Water bodies  91.8 Plantations  4.9 Total  1689.04

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MAP NO. 8: LAND USE & LAND COVER MAP OF THE PASCHIM BARDHMAN DISTRICT

Table 16: Land utilization (in Hectare) of the district during 2018 -19

LAND OCCUPIED BY AREA (in Ha)

Forest cover 17382

Non Agriculture Land 62998

Cultivable Barren land 2202

Cropped area 77735

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a) Forest The forest zones of the district are chiefly situated in the lateritic and high lands in the Asansol subdivision. The Durgapur forest also covers large part of neighbour district, Birbhum, beyond the while the forest area within the Asansol subdivision forms a part of the forest area of Dumka District of Jharkhand (http://Bardhaman.nic.in/home.htm). Up to the middle of 19th century, the region was intact from any kind of significant development due to its uncultivable red lateritic soil with dense and wild impenetrable jungles. The detection of presence of coal in the 18th century led to industrialization of the western part of the subdivision. Most of the forests in the western part of the subdivision have been cleared but in the eastern part, some still exist in Kanksa and its adjoining Faridpur- area. Kanksa Block accounts for 67.20% of the total notified forest area of the district and divided in to 5 forest beats. Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over a part of this forest. The forests of West Bardhaman district mainly comprises of Sal and Kend trees. Besides these, Mohua, Palas, Simul, Neem, Shireesha, Arjun and Ashan are also available. The main forest products are timber, kendu leaves and fuel. The aggregate forest area of West Bardhaman is 43455.73 acre including plantation and notified forest area is 24878.04 acre. [Source: District Industrial Profile, 2017-2018, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India].

MAP NO. 9: FOREST COVER MAP OF THE PASCHIM BARDHMAN DISTRICT

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b) Agriculture and Irrigation As of 2014-15 the total cropped area of the district is 77735 hectares, the non-agricultural land is 62998 hectares, and the cultivable barren land is 2202 hectares [District Industrial Profile, 2017-2018, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India]. On an average about 58% of the total population belongs to the agricultural population while the non-agricultural sector accounts for the remaining 42 percent. The eastern, northern, southern and central areas of the district are extensively cultivated but the soils of the western portion being extreme lateritic type are unfit for cultivation except in the narrow valleys and depressions having rich soil. Rice is the most important crop of the district and covers maximum of the gross cropped area. Among commercial crops, jute, sugarcane, potato and oilseeds are major crops. Productivity of the major crops grown in the district is indicated below. Major cropping patterns include paddy, wheat, vegetables, paddy, potato, sesame, paddy, vegetable, mustard, jute etc. Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and re-nutritioning the sequestrated soils in dry areas and during dry periods and/or the time of less than average rainfall. Currently, Government attempts to minimize the drawbacks of agricultural issues by certain extent of advancement in the economic condition, education, technology manures, pesticides, irrigation facilities etc. The major sources of irrigation in the district are ponds, dug wells, LI points, drift/shallow tube wells, rivers, creeks and canals [District Disaster Management Plan, 2015-2016]. As per “Agriculture Contingency Plan of Bardhaman” the major agricultural crops grown in the district are rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, jute and potato. Jute and rice are the kharif crops grown in the district, whereas rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds and potato are the rabi crops grown in the district. Apart from this, livestock rising, poultry farming and fisheries form major part of the agriculture of the district. The net irrigated area of the district of Bardhaman is 331.6 hectares, the gross irrigated area is 693.3 hectares, and the rainfed area is 138.8 hectares. The sources of irrigation in the district are canals, tanks, open wells, bore wells; lift irrigation schemes, micro irrigation practices etc. Table 17: Basic irrigation statistics of the district during 2018-19 IRRIGATION AREA (in Ha) Net irrigated area 331.6 Gross irrigated area 693.3 Rainfed area 138.8 Chart No. 5: Graphical representation the basic irrigation statistics of the district during 2018-19

1000

0 Area i(n Ha) i(n Area

Net irrigated area (in Ha) Gross irrigated area (in Ha) Rainfed area (in Ha)

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c) Horticulture Practice of garden cultivation and management is known as Horticulture. Horticultural crops, i.e., fruits and vegetables acquire a place of importance as protective food. Horticulture provides much needed health supporting vitamins, minerals enriched foods. Besides, their value in human consumption, horticultural crops play an important role in commerce, particularly in export trade and processing industry in Paschim Bardhaman district. The major horticulture vegetable crops grown in the district are brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, cucurbits, ladies finger, tomatoes and the major horticulture fruit crops grown in the district are , banana, papaya, guava, etc. Previous statistics regarding horticulture practices in Paschim Bardhaman district can give an idea about the current status of the same, therefore major fruits and vegetables grown in horticulture of the district Bardhaman during 2008-09 are illustrated below: Table 18: The major horticulture fruits grown in the district HORTICULTURE: FRUITS AREA (in Ha) Mango 3.8 Banana 1.0 Papaya 0.5 Guava 0.7 Jackfruit 0.6 Table 19: The major horticulture vegetables grown in the district HORTICULTURE: CROPS & VEGETABLES AREA (in Ha) Brinjal 8.2 Cabbage 3.3 Cauliflower 3.2 Cucurbits 13.0 Ladies fingers 5.1 Tomato 2.7 d) Mining The economic evolution of any society solely is influenced by the concrete infrastructure of the local industry. Paschim Bardhaman is accomplished with an economically rich infrastructure, suitable for any sort of industrial asset. Durgapur of Paschim Bardhaman is one of the biggest industrial hubs of India and was planned as an integrated industrial town. The state of West Bengal is candidly blessed with the enormous natural resources including prospective minerals and being a part of Chotonagpur plateau Paschim Bardhaman is extremely enriched with a number of minerals. The traditional industrial base of the district is principally sustained by coal, iron and steel and has experienced a rapid development and new industrial ventures, which comprises of minor minerals too. The district has a rich minor mineral base which is the reliable indicator of bountiful convenience for commercial use

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and economic development. Basically, the accessibility and distribution of mineral resources are the reflection of antiquated paragenetic ore-geological sequence. The was the native land of the coal industry of India. Asansol sub-division of this district lies upon a mammoth coal reserve of the best type of non-coking coal reserves in the country and hence, the mining activity was started in this province as early as 1774, however efficient withdrawal of coal initiated in the second half of the nineteenth century by depending upon this coal stockpile [District Industrial Profile, 2017- 2018, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India]. Originally the area was known as 'Raniganj Coalfield' which has huge numbers of collieries that extracted coal from these reserves until all of non-coking coal mines were nationalized in 1975 and renamed as ' Limited (ECL) which is the second highest coal reserve in India, after Talcher. 'Raniganj Coalfield' expanses over 443.50 sq.km area and is currently estimated to have over 30.61 billion tons of coal. There blocks of Raniganj Coalfield e.g., Raniganj measures spread over Raniganj, Pandaveswar, , , Bankola, , Sonepur, Kunustoria, Satgram, Sripur, and partly over & Barakar measures. Barakar measures cover two areas of ECL, Salanpur and . Coal of Raniganj measures exhibits high calorific value, high volatile content, extended flame and quick ignition which create high preference in high heat energy consuming industries like glass, ceramics, fertilizers, refractory etc. The area is also highly prospectus for coal-bed methane. Introductory assessment of ONGC specifies that four Damodar Valley coalfields as , Bokaro, North Karanpura and Raniganj will be the potential zones. Other important mineral resource mainly found in Asansol-Raniganj area is China clay. Mica is also mined in certain parts of Asansol area. A good deposit of fire clay and the coarse-grained soft stones which are mandatory and utilized for manufacturing bricks and tiles are abundant in Durgapur sub-division. In addition, some other significant minerals like iron-ore, calcium carbonate, abrasives, silica bricks, moulding sand, glass sand, building materials, manganese, bauxite, laterite, rock phosphate, quartz & feldspar, limestone etc., occurs in Paschim Bardhaman. Not only is that but also by the benevolence of magnificent river systems, maximum part of the area covered by deposited ordinary river sand. Rock formations of the area are alluvial rocky upland and undulating lateritic upland. These formations undergo series of metamorphic cycles, like weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of sand material. Sand is a very abundant minor mineral resource of the district. Demand for river sand has enormously increased for infrastructural construction purposes like building construction, road construction and other concretized infrastructural developments. Therefore, inadmissible and unscientific mining practices without proper mining plan of river sand from the river beds, not only initiate natural & environmental hazards but will also accelerate economic setback of the surrounding areas and need proper initiatives in this regard.

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6. GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT  REGIONAL GEOLOGY Geologically Bardhaman district is divided into three parts. A) The extreme northwestern small part of this district, near Rupnarainpur in Salanpur Block, is occupied by the Archaean metamorphic rock, viz., granite gneiss, hornblende schist, which are traversed by bands/patches of amphibolites, pegmatites and quartz veins. B) The western part of about 2063 sq.km is covered by Up Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary sequence of Gondwana Supergroup of sedimentary rocks of fluviatile-lacustrine origin, deposited in intracratonic basins. The Lr. Gondwana Damuda Group of rocks of Permo- Carboniferous age contains valuable resources of coal seams and C) The major central and the eastern parts of about 4965 sq.km of the district is covered by alluvium blanket comprising of Older Alluvium, Younger Alluvium, Laterite, Sand, Gravel, lithomargic clay, etc., of upper Tertiary-Quaternary age. The palaeo-depositional mechanism and palaeoclimatic inference in the Gondwana Formation it has been inferred that the lobes of semi-consolidated gravel beds exposed in the northen part of Durgapur city is the main spatial unit to analyze Tertiary Deposits of Debris flow, grain flow, inertia flow, turbidity current, channel and non-channel in a fan-deltaic sequence. Hundy and Banerjee (1967) had found few patches of lateritic gravels and grits in the plateau fringes of Bardhaman district of West Bengal. The sedimentation profile of Ajay-Damodar interfluve on the eastern margin of Raniganj Coal-field. The surrounding geology of Durgapur city is the secondary formation of laterites on the gravel beds which may be derived from the conglomerate bed of Mahadeva Group. The gravity anamoly of Durgapur Depression is examined to denote fault controlled sedimentation. The upland terrain of the Ajay-Damodar interfluve, fringing the peninsular shield on the eastern margin of the Raniganj Coal-field and western part of lateritic Rarh Plain. The parallel gravel lobes of Kamalpur, Bansia, Dhoadanga are underlain by older alluvium The master slope of the district is from west to east and southeast with the land having the highest altitude at the extreme western corner of approx. 150 m msl to about 10 m near Laterite and red soil in the western part of the district and Gangetic alluvium in rest of the area observed. The district remarkably presents the entire geological succession from Archaean to recent. The western part of the district comprising the Raniganj coalfield is underlain by the Gondwana sedimentary rocks and contains valuable coal deposits. The central part and eastern part of the district are underlain by alluvial formations.

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Table 20: Stratigraphic succession near north of Durgapur City (Das, 1970) AGE FORMATION LITHO- LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTER UNIT Late Holocene to Ajay-Damodar sand, ferruginous, yellow, coarse to fine; silt; recent greyish yellow clay

Pliocene to Bishtupur sand, ferruginous, yellow; lithomargic clay; Pliestocene laterite; calcareous nodules

Miocene Alinagar sand and pebbles, greyish white; grey, sticky clay

Oligocene to Khatpukur carbonaceous shale, claystones grey and greyish Miocene black, with thin bands of lignite and layers of sand Cretaceous to Kuldiha coarse sand and pebbles; kaolinitic and ochreous Oligocene sandstone; red, green and white clays

Middle Triassic to Durgapur coarse feldspathic sandstone; grits and pebbles Jurassic

Lower Triassic feldspathic sandstone, greyish green, greenish grey, medium to fine; red and green shale

Permian Raniganj Feldspathic sandstone, greyish white, medium to fine; carbonaceous shale; grey shale; a thin lens of coal

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 LOCAL GEOLOGY Bardhaman district especially West Bardhaman is equipped with varied tectonic elements and riverine features. The tectonic evolution of the investigated area has taken place through different deformational episodes. It is clear to all that West Bardhaman is a transitional zone between Jharkhand plateau in the west and the Indo-gangetic alluvial plain in the north and east. Jharkhand plateau encompasses a part of peninsular shield. Jharkhand plateau is characterized by metasedimentary rock- assemblages of Precambrian age, Gondowana sedimentary rocks, Rajmahal Basalts and Upper Tertiary sediments. Western part of the present area also consists of granitoid and schistose rocks. Along with these, Quaternary sediments and laterities have also been found. The alluvial area stretches eastwards beyond Durgapur to the rest of the district. Exploration for ground water in Durgapur area has revealed the presence of sediments, which are co-relatable with the Raniganj coalfield rocks. By paleontological findings the age of the rocks are now fixed as Middle Triassic to Jurassic, against Miocene as thought earlier. The sedimentary framework is suggested to be mainly continental, with a marine transgression during Oligocene-Miocene times. A few small but potential occurrences of clay are also found in the district. Raniganj Coalfield is primarily located in the Asansol and Durgapur subdivisions of Paschim Bardhaman. are contained in the Lower Gondowana group of sediments where two formations (Barakar & Raniganj) are found to be coal bearing. In the Raniganj Coalfields, Raniganj Formation contains the major coal reserves. The Fire Clay deposits are generally associated with the coal seams over a wide area in Raniganj coalfield and generally occurs in the Barakar Formation. The sands of the Damodar & Ajay Rivers are in great demand for stowing in the Raniganj Coalfields. Sandstones, ochres & moulding Sands are also reported from Bardhaman District. (https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/State/NDY5MQEEQQVVEEQQVV/Mineral-Resources-of-West-Bengal-West-Bengal-State)

MAP NO. 10: LITHILOGICAL MAP OF THE PASCHIM BARDHMAN DISTRICT

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7. MINERAL WEALTH  OVERVIEW OF MINERAL RESOURCES Mineral resources are finite and non-replenishable, that is why, and conservationists all over the world have raised concerns. Limitations in land availability, restrictions in use of forest land, rehabilitation & resettlement of people displaced from their lands and environmental aspects have been the major issues that have been cited. On the other hand, there is a growing demand for industrial as well as economic growth to compete with global markets and economy. In view of the above, exploitation of available mineral/mineral resources to get necessary utility products, value additions to product are imperative. Government would have limited role to play. Technological advancement would also trigger growth of industry. The mineral industry will be forced to look into further exploration for discovery of new deposits and increase new resource bases and at the same time look into the resource conservation and environmental protection for our next generation to grow. It is felt, that the industry should aim towards the scenario of sustainable growth on a sustenance basis in mineral sector while exploiting the available resources. Paschim Bardhaman is one of the premier districts of India in terms of value of mineral. The main workable deposits of are found in the Gondwana formation and the Damodar valley located on the Gondwana formation has exceptionally rich coal deposits. The Raniganj coalfield was the birth place of the Indian coal industry and is still the premier coalfield even after more than one hundred years of exploration and continues to be a large supplier of quality coal. The field lies in the eastern most portion of the Gondwana basin. Most of the mines are situated on the northern side of the Damodar River. According to Ganguly (1979) three gradations of Raniganj coal have been noticed.  Coking coal of superior quality- the reserve is estimated to be 292.6 million tons, upto a depth of 304.8 meters and 556.8 million tons, upto a depth of 609.6m.  Non-coking coal of superior quality-the reserve is estimated to be 4915.6 million tons within the depth of 304.8m and 609.6m.  Coal of inferior quality - the variety of which is of unlimited reserve in the area. Fireclay of very good quality is found in the Barakar field. Deposits of about 4.06 million metric tons (Gangly, 1979) have been estimated within a depth of 6.096m. The Raniganj fireclay is of two types - siliceous and aluminous.  DETAILS OF MAJOR AND MINOR MINERAL RESOURCES Following minor and major minerals (classification have been done based on Indian Minerals Yearbook 2017) have been reported from different parts of Paschim Bardhaman district but are seldom in economically viable quantities:

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Table 21: Major mineral resources of Paschim Bardhaman District MINERAL TYPE LOCATION REFERENCE COAL Eastern part of Raniganj coalfield (23º35‟ - 23º45‟; Sekhar Chandra Ghosh (1973), 87º15‟- 87º30‟), Santaltola, Kochdihi, Sirsha T.K.Bhattacharji(1985) (23º39‟55”-23º41‟11”; 87º16‟40”-87º18‟40”) Andal-Dakhikhanda-Tamla-Dubchuria sector in District Industrial profile Paschim the south-eastern part of Raniganj coalfield. Bardhaman (2018-19),MSME Pandaveswar, Kajora, Jhanjra, Bankola, Kenda, Sonepur, Kunustoria, Satgram, Sripur, Sodepur and Salanpur, Mugma areas of Raniganj coalfield. Iron Ore Raniganj coalfield http://bardhaman.nic.in/mines/mines .htm

Table 22: Minor mineral resources of Paschim Bardhaman District

MINERAL TYPE LOCATION REFERENCE China Clay Durgapur Sub-division (23°27‟ & 23°45', 87°21‟ P.K.Ghosh & S.Chakrabarti (1972) & 87°35‟), Phuljhuri, Madhaiganja, , Rangamatia areas of the district. Fire Clay Barakar stage of the Raniganj coalfield http://bardhaman.nic.in/mines/mines.htm

Moulding Sand Kunur nala, north of Phuljhuri , , P.K.Ghosh & S.Chakrabarti (1972) Bhaladih areas; , Purushattampur , M.G.Rao (1967) DaraiPara areas in the Panchet formation, River sand near pandaveswar, Illambazar areas in the P.K.Ghosh & S.K.Mukhopadhyay(1970) Raniganj formation of the district.

Mica Some parts of Asansol area. District Industrial profile Paschim Bardhaman (2018-19),MSME

Coarse-grained soft Durgapur sub-division. District Industrial profile Paschim stones Bardhaman (2018-19),MSME

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Map. No. 11 ROCKS & MINERAL RESOURCE OF THE DISTRICT

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8. SAND AND OTHER RIVER BED MINERALS A. Sand and Other Riverbed Minerals (i) Drainage System The western part of Bardhaman district contains more than one-third lands of the district and is a delta which is formed from sediments of recent origin. The main rivers flowing in this district are Damodar and Ajay. Main River Bhagirathi or Hoogly receives the river Damodar and Ajay that drains out all the water of the district. The river Damodar receives Nunia and Singaran; while the river Ajay receives water from Kunur, Banka and Khari Rivers.  DAMODAR The river Damodar flows in straight pattern west to east on entering the Paschim Bardhaman district. The river takes a sudden right turn and diverts into various channels and loses its own course in this district. Damodar is navigable for only few days in a year in the rainy season. When in the rainy season, release extra water to the river Damodar, the channel and the river get sample water, otherwise it remains very thin and few feet deep throughout the year.  AJAY The Ajay River originates on a small hill about 300 metre (980 feet) high, southwest of in Jharkhand. It then flows through Jharkhand and enters West Bengal. It first forms the border between Paschim Bardhaman District and Jharkhand and then between Bardhaman District and Paschim Bardhaman District, and finally it enters subdivision of Bardhaman district at Nareng in police station. It then joins the Bhagirathi River at Katwa Town. Total length of the Ajay is 288 kilometre (179 mi), out of which 152 kilometre (94 mi) are in West Bengal. The western part of the district is different and distinct from the eastern part. It consists of barren, rocky and rolling country with a laterite soil, rising rocky hillocks on the right bank of Ajay River and shut in the west, north and south by the Chhotanagpur and the Santhal Parganas.

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Map No.12: DRAINAGE NETWORK MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

The common hydrological regime is defined by the tropical monsoon climate with alternating dry and wet seasons. Mid-June to mid-September is the rainy season in which 90 percent of the rainfall occurs. The spatiality of rain is also controlled by the orientation of the axis of monsoon trough. Naturally, the base flow is either little or almost lacking. The annual peak flow occurs during the highest monsoon downpour. So, the flood ability, transportability, competency and erosive power of the streams attain their maxima at that time. The network of channel is growing in a random fashion. All these aspects influence the rate of soil erosion in the district in a great way.

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Table 23: Drainage system with description of main rivers (overall drainage pattern is parallel & dendritic to sub-dendritic)

Sl. Name of the Area drained % area drained Name of Blocks No. River (sq.km.) in the district 1. Ajay 511.26 8.16% Salanpur, Barabani, Jamuria, Pandebeswar, Faridpur, Kanksa 2. Damodar 427.72 6.83% Raniganj

Table 24: Salient features of important rivers and streams

SL. NAME OF THE TOTAL LENGTH ALTITUDE NO. RIVER/ IN THE PLACE OF OF ORIGIN STREAM DISTRICT (KM) ORIGIN Ajay 96 (straight distance Jabarban Peak 1 First order from source to of 600m mouth Ghoramarapaha is 80 km) r Damodar Second 68 (straight distance Chandwa 2 order from source to village of 266m mouth is 53 km) Palamau district, Jharkhand

(ii) Annual Deposition of River Bed Minerals Evaluation based on following parameters: a) Geomorphological studies I. Place of origin a. Damodar : Chandwa village of Palamau district, Jharkhand b. Ajay: Jabarban Peak of Ghoramarapahar

II. Catchment area . Catchment area of Ajay River: 398.11 km2 (in PASCHIM BARDHAMAN District). . Catchment area of Damodar River: 1027.72 km2 (in PASCHIM BARDHAMAN District).

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Map No. 13 CATCHMENT AREA MAP OF MAIN RIVERS OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

(iii) General Profile of River/Stream If rivers are always straight i.e., if rivers follow straight course the meaning of slope becomes value less, but if the river is curvy and follows a sinusoidal pattern (as is usually the case, at least to some extent), then we have to measure the horizontal distance along the sinuous projection of the course of the river on a horizontal plane. The slope can be measured in feet per mile or some metric units like meters per kilometers. Recalling some trigonometry, we might recognize the tangent of a slope angle although measuring the slope of a river is not an easy matter. The slope of the river of Ajay of Paschim Bardhaman district, in this case, has been measured following the method of Digital Elevation Model (DEM). To reach the targeted approach, here contour lines are digitized from topographic map using a scale of 1:8000; from this map few contours are also digitized in flat areas. Spot heights are also digitized. From this height data, contour interpolation is completed in ArcGIS approach. This slope map is

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exported to ERDAS for further processing. The slope map is classified to 0-15 degree or more than 15 degree.

Map No. 14 ELEVATION MAP OF THE PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

(iv) Annual Deposition Factor

 Detailed Sedimentation Study Not all channels form sediment and not all rivers transport sediment. Some have been carved into bedrock, usually in headwater reaches of streams located high in the mountains. Sediment transport knowledge is important in river restoration, ecosystem protection, navigation, watershed studies and reservoir management. Bed load represents the lower portion of sediment load in natural rivers. Fluvial sediment load materials are transported by rivers. Geological erosion and soil erosion are the two basic terms usually used to describe the erosion processes. A third term used in this DSR is water course erosion which is predominately stream bank or channel erosion and in some cases is a part of both the

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geological and soil erosion processes. Geological erosion is the erosion that has scarred the earth's surface creating mountains, chasms, flood plains, deserts, and deltas under natural or relatively undisturbed conditions. Different types of landscapes & geomorphological sculptures are also the outcome of geological erosional activities. Geological Erosion is caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, mudflows (i.e., Lahar) and gulling and has to a varying degree been influenced by man's activities and may require partial control by man. Soil Erosion is more closely associated with agricultural land because by definition soil is the unconsolidated mineral or organic material that will support plant growth. Soil particles located on the surface of agricultural lands, forest lands, or grazing lands are detached by rainfall or eroded away by surface runoff. This may take place in the form of sheet erosion with at in sheet of water flowing down a gentle upland slope. Rill erosion is another form with runoff occurring in well-defined yet small incisions in the land surface. Gully erosion is the dissection of the soil surface with a deep cut in the land channel formed below an uncut reach thus creating a sudden break in surface slope. Water Course Erosion is the erosion of a stream channel's bank and bed caused by flowing water. A river channel or water course transports or carries sediment that originates from surface runoff in the upland reaches by the erosion processes previously described of geological or soil Erosion. The water course's ability to transport its sediment load is dependent on channel velocity or energy. If the upland sediment inflow to the river channel or water course is low, then there is unspent energy which will pick up or erode the bank and bed of the channel. A meander pattern may develop with erosive forces active on the bank and bed of the channel on the outside or concave bends in the water course meander. These streams have channel forms that often are dominated by the nature of the rock (of varying hardness and resistance to mechanical weathering and of varying frequencies of joints, spacing and pattern) in which the channel has been cut. Such channels often include pools that trap sediment so that long reaches of channel may carry essentially no sediment at all. Such channels, known as non- alluvial channels, have been considered for convenience of study of sedimentation. But here, we will focus on alluvial channels, the class of river channel forming the vast majority of rivers on the earth‘s surface. Alluvial channels are self-formed channels in sediments that the river typically has at one time or another, transported downstream in the flow. The movement of detrital particles by air, water, ice or gravity is defined as sediment transport. Grains (may be sand particles transported by air & water (fluid transport)) move as bed load (by rolling & sliding and by saltation) or in suspension, when grains are kept up by turbulence. The different sizes/density population of moving grains, promote sorting of the materials and mechanical abrasion during transport removes corners & edges, so the grains become more rounded. The lower density and viscosity of air means that air transports a smaller range of grain sizes than doe’s water, and generally only the fineness dust move in suspension. As a result, Aeolian deposits are usually much better sorted than water-laid sediments. The process of deposition of sand on riverbed is a vital part of sedimentation. For proper documentation of the processes, we should cater light on the following aspects. The amount and size of sediment moving through a river channel are determined by three fundamental controls: Competence, capacity and sediment supply. The sediment load of a river is transported in various ways although these distinctions are to some extent arbitrary and not always very practical in the sense that not all of the components can be separated in practice:  Dissolved load

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 Suspended load  Intermittent suspension (saltation) load  Wash load  Bed load  Dissolved Load: Dissolved load is the material that has gone into solution and is part of the fluid moving through the channel. Since it is dissolved, it does not depend on forces in the flow to keep it in the water column. The amount of material in solution depends on supply of a solute and the saturation point for the fluid. For example, in limestone areas, calcium carbonate may be at saturation level in river water and the dissolved load may be close to the total sediment load of the river. In contrast, rivers draining insoluble rocks, such as in granitic terrains, may be well below saturation levels for most elements and dissolved load may be relatively small.  Suspended load: Sediments carried as solids as the stream flows are suspended load. The size of particles that can be carried is determined by the stream‘s velocity. Faster streams can carry larger particles. Streams that carry larger particles have greater competence. Streams with a steep gradient (slope) have a faster velocity and greater competence.  Saltation Load: A type of sediment transport in air or water in which particles are moved forward in short, abrupt leaps. This process is intermediate between suspension and traction.  Wash load: Although wash load is part of the suspended-sediment load it is useful here to make a distinction. Unlike most suspended-sediment load, wash load does not rely on the force of mechanical turbulence generated by flowing water to keep it in suspension. It is so fine (in the clay range) that it is kept in suspension by thermal molecular agitation (sometimes known as Brownian motion). Because these clays are always in suspension, wash load is that component of the particulate or clastic load that is-washed through the river system. Unlike coarser suspended-sediment, wash load tends to be uniformly distributed throughout the water column. That is, unlike the coarser load, it does not vary with height above the bed. The term sand is used to denote an aggregate of mineral or rock grains greater than 1/16mm and less than 2mm in diameter. Sands follow traction and inertia suspension approximately in accordance with the so-called Sixth-Power Law, which corroborates a complete transfer of kinetic energy transmitted from water to a particle and prohibits allowance for the subsidiary effect of viscous drag. But the size-velocity relationship in this range is defined by the popular Stokes Law. Here smaller particles remain in suspension chiefly by the kinetic effects of disperse system i.e., colloid.  Bed load: Particles that are too large to be carried as suspended load are bumped and pushed along the stream bed as bed load. Bed load sediments do not move continuously. Streams with high velocities and steep gradients do a great deal of down cutting into the streambed, which is primarily accomplished by movement of particles that make up the bedload. Drainage system is the pattern formed by streams, rivers and lakes in a drainage basin. In a drainage system, streams or rivers always connect together to form networks. Many factors such as topography, soil type, bedrock type, climate and vegetation cover influence input, output and transport of sediment and water in a drainage basin (Charlton, 2008). So, the river bed sand depositions are the manifestation of rate of current of water flow. Another two factors – lower flow regime and upper flow regime are also the vital factors which play a pivotal role for deposition of sands in particular pockets. These factors also influence the nature of the pattern of water bodies (Twidale, 2004).

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 METHODOLOGY: The catchment area of river has been analyzed with the help of Arc-GIS approach. The mined affected area of the river will be measured through Arc-GIS approach and ground based survey by GPS approach gives fruitful results. The stretch of the mined area of river is divided in various segments depending on stretch of the rivers. The width (meters) and GPS information at each segment is collected to quantify the total mined area of river. The geo- morphological patters in terms of stream orders were also observed using ArcGIS methodology. Besides, the mined affected area of the river is divided in to various segments to analyze grain size distribution in river bed. The role of hydraulic gradient of most of the rivers has been scrutinized in detail to explain the causes of riverbed sand deposits. Although, the role of drainage density is of paramount importance in riverbed sand deposition.  Bed material: The mixture of sediment that composes stream bed is called bed materials .Bed material is stationary, but particle size is important to sediment transport because as energy level of a stream increases, some bed-material particles are mobilized and become part of the bed load or suspended load. In this report, composition of bed material is defined by particle-size distribution. Suspended Sediment Material: Suspended small particles in turbulence of the flow are exist as colloids (diameter: 10-7-10-5 cm) and transported at about the same downstream velocity as the flowing water. Suspended sediment was distributed at all depths in flowing water. In this report, suspended sediment is expressed as concentration in milligrams per liter.  Suspended-sediment load: In this report, annual suspended-sediment load is expressed in tones .Suspended-sediment discharge: A computed value of the quantity (weight) of suspended sediment per unit time also referred to as suspended- sediment transport rate.  Total sediment load: The sum of bed load and suspended sediment load, together called total sediment load. In this report, total sediment load is expressed in tonnes. Total sediment discharge is expressed as, the sum of bed load discharge and suspended-sediment discharge. Figure. 1 Modes of Sediment Transport in Rivers

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When a graph is plotted with the riverbed elevation on the vertical axis and the upstream distance on the horizontal axis, a smooth curve may pass through the points. This result is called the ‘Longitudinal Profile’ or ‘Long profile’ of the river. The longitudinal profiles of most rivers are ‘concave upward'. The reason is not difficult to understand. In the downstream direction when one tributary joins the river after another then each of them add discharge. As the river grows larger, the ratio of cross-sectional area to wetted perimeter increases. Because the slope of the river depends, in large part, on the relative magnitude of the down slope driving force of gravity, which is affected by the whole volume of the river, and the up slope resisting force of friction, which is affected by the area of the riverbed, the slope decreases downstream.

 A longitudinal profile was protracted from the upstream to downstream areas to achieve the goals of the current project. Profile points were surveyed in the ‘thalweg’ i.e., the line area of lower elevation within a valley or watercourse and the survey was detailed enough to illustrate the channel morphology (riffle- pool sequences).

 The base level of a river is the elevation of the water surface of the water body, along the river course, into which the river flows. Therefore, the river has some equilibrium longitudinal profile, according to the sense of that; if conditions of precipitation, sediment supply, and base level remain constant the longitudinal profile will stay unchanged. If a different set of conditions is imposed upon the river, the river adjusts its longitudinal profile accordingly toward a new equilibrium.

 If base level rises, some of the sediment will be carried out along the river toward the river mouth and will be deposited along the way to raise the river bed, thereby establishing a new equilibrium longitudinal profile. If base level falls, the river erodes its bed to adjust toward a new, lower equilibrium profile. There’s more to be said, however, about what happens as the river erodes its bed as a consequence of a fall in base level. The erosion does not happen uniformly everywhere at the same time, but by upstream propagation of a point where the channel slope changes, from steeper downstream of the point to less steep upstream of the point. The point of change in slope is called a ‘knick point’. The position of a knick point is marked by a ‘waterfall’ or ‘rapids’. Knick points migrate slowly towards upstream; thereby extend the new, lower longitudinal profile as the river eats its way upstream. If a floodplain has developed in the river valley, the old floodplain downstream of the knick point survives, for a long time, as a pair of terraces above the new, lower river channel. Because the difference between old and new equilibrium profiles decreases upstream, other things being equal (the elevations of the highlands in the headwaters of the river are very conservative), the height of this knick point decreases as it migrates upstream. Often, if base level drops abruptly a number of times during some long period of time, more than one knick point is present along the river course, each slowly making its way upstream.

 Sediment Transport Rate: The rate at which sediment is moved past a cross section of the flow is called either the sediment transport rate or the sediment discharge. It‘s related to the sediment load, but it‘s different, just because different fractions of the sediment load are transported at different rates. It can be measured in mass per unit time, or in weight per unit time, or in volume per unit time.

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 Sediment Discharge formulae: To derive a sediment discharge formula, have to think about the physics of sediment transport in a way that allows you to develop the form of some rational equation for transport rates, which contains within it one or more adjustable parameters‖ whose values are assigned by analysis of selected data sets already at hand. Our common sense tells us that the stronger the flow the greater the sediment transport rate. And an important first-order fact of observation is that the sediment transport rate is a very steeply increasing function of the flow strength. Think about the simplest way to embody these important facts in a formula for the sediment transport rate per unit width of flow, usually written ‘qs’.

 The Sediment Yield: To introduce just one more thing about sediment in rivers, we should make a distinction between the sediment discharge and what‘s called the sediment yield of a river. The sediment yield is the sediment discharge divided by the total drainage area of the river upstream of the cross section at which the sediment discharge is measured or estimated. The sediment yield measures the rate, per unit area, at which sediment is removed from the watershed. It is important in studies of the long- term evolution of landscapes drained by rivers.

MAP NO. 15 ELAVATION & LONGITUDINAL PROFILE MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

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(v) Replenishment Replenishment defines rejuvenation of riverbed sand deposition phenomena. The word replenishment is the fulcrum of riverbed sedimentation under different depositional environmental conditions especially during rainy seasons. The rate of gross or absolute silt production (erosion) in the watershed and the ability of the, stream system to transport the eroded material in a river have the direct relation with the quantity of sediment delivered into a river. The rate of gross erosion is dependent upon many physical factors like climatic conditions, nature of soil, slope of the area, topography and the land use. Hydro-physical conditions of the watershed govern the capability of transporting the eroded material. It has been observed that the average rate of sediment production decreases as the size of drainage area increases and the larger watershed, the lesser is the variation between the rates. The larger watershed presents more opportunity for deposition of silt during its traverse from the point of production. The watershed with maximum land use class of forest, generate very low rate of production unless the forests are degraded or open forest. The cultivated watersheds with unscientific farming produce very high rate of silt production. The total amount of eroded material, which reaches a particular hydraulic control point, is termed as sediment yield. The rotational mining is being adopted to facilitate the replenishment of the excavated pits during rainy season. Thus, the mineable area is to be divided in two blocks i.e., the upstream block and the downstream block. The mining of these blocks is suggested on rotation basis in such a way that pit of previous year mining will act as depository for the monsoon season. Sand is extracted from the said lot during one year; more than the extracted quantity of the same are automatically replenished by rainfall in the monsoon by the river/ nallah itself on account of its flow and velocity. For sustainability of river sand mining, it is necessary that the mine pits formed as a result of sand excavation are refilled with sand by natural process of replenishment in a reasonable period of time so that the area is again available for mining. The rate of excavation should be decided in accordance with the rate of replenishment which is the rate at which sand/gravel is deposited on the river flood plain by the river during monsoon season. However, determination of site- specific rate of replenishment is quite difficult as it is dependent on several factors such as geology and topography of the catchment area of the river, breadth of the flood plain, rainfall in that particular year (which is quite variable and not very much predictable much in advance) etc. Dandy-Bolton formula is generally used to calculate the sediment yield. But it is to be kept in mind that to prepare the mining plans of the mines, the factor of annual replenishment is to be taken into consideration while calculating the mineral reserves. It has also been observed that during flooding, all the pits replenish with sand. Hence, mined out areas in the pre- monsoon season will be completely replenished with sand during monsoon. Therefore, it has been assumed that the pits will be replenished after each monsoon. The main river is Ajay. ** PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT DOES NOT HAVE THE JURISDICTION OVER THE DAMODAR RIVER. AS A RESULT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DEMARCATE NEW POTENTIAL ZONES ON THE RIVER DAMODAR.

 Field data collection: Field survey for sand replenishment data have been carried out during September 2020 for post- monsoon and during June 2021 for all the river ghats on continuous basis for pre- monsoon period. However, the non-operational areas were covered through traverses. In both the cases, relative

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elevation levels were captured through GPS. Thickness of the sand bars was measured through sectional profiles. In few instances, sieve analysis of the sands was carried out to derive the size frequency analysis.

 Selection of study profiles: Study profiles are selected based on the occurrence of the sand bars in the channel profiles. Aerial extents of each of the profiles are mapped from satellite imageries. Frequency distribution did while selection of the ground trothing of the blocks.

 Data compilation: Following data were compiled for generation of this annual replenishment report: • Elevation levels of the different sand ghats and sand bars as measured at site. • Extents of the sand bars are measured from the post monsoon satellite imageries. • Sand production data of the district.

 Development of cross profiles: Cross section lines are chosen based on the drastic variation of the river widths, proximity of the operating sand ghats and the position of the sand bars.

Table 25: Coordinates details of Cross Section Line

SL NO. RIVER NAME SECTION LATITUDE LONGITUDE BLOCK LINE NAME 1. Ajay A-A’ 23°50'45.57"N 87° 0'58.24"E Barabani 23°50'47.09"N 87° 1'32.04"E

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Figure: 2 CROSS SECTION OF AJAY RIVER

 Assessment of sediment load in the river: Assessment of sediment load in a river is subjective to study of the whole catchment area, weathering index of the various rock types which acts as a source of sediments in the specific river bed, rainfall data of the area for a period not less than 20 years, and finally the detail monitoring of the bed upliftment with time axis. Again the sediment load estimation is not dependent variable of the imaginary district boundary, but it largely depends upon the aerial extents of the catchment areas, which crossed the district and state boundaries.

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Table 26: Estimation of Sand Resources in Pre & Post monsoon period in sand bars Estimation of Sand Resources in Pre & Post monsoon period in sand bar regions of Ajay River

Sl Potential Name of Area Sand Sand Area Sand Sand No Zone River Hectare Thickness Volume in Hectare Thickness In Volume in In Meter M.Cum Meter M.Cum Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon 1 PB-PZ-1 Ajay 1.68702 3.1 0.0523 1.550368 3.1 0.04806 2 PB- PZ-2 Ajay 1.55136 3.1 0.0481 1.425701 3.1 0.04419 3 PB- PZ-3 Ajay 7.28129 3.2 0.233 6.691502 3.2 0.21412 4 PB- PZ-4 Ajay 11.59754 3.2 0.371 10.65814 3.2 0.34106 5 PB- PZ-5 Ajay 4.69072 3 0.141 4.310776 3 0.12932 6 PB- PZ-6 Ajay 43.71197 3.5 1.530 40.1713 3.5 1.40599 7 PB- PZ-7 Ajay 21.60403 3.5 0.756 19.8541 3.5 0.69489 8 PB- PZ-8 Ajay 11.90724 3.5 0.417 10.94276 3.5 0.38299 9 PB- PZ-9 Ajay 9.76805 3.5 0.342 8.97684 3.5 0.31418 10 PB- PZ-10 Ajay 3.35207 3.1 0.104 3.080551 3.1 0.09549

Table 27: Sediment Load Comparison Pre & Post monsoon period for Different Rivers of Paschim Bardhaman District

River Name Pre Post- Pre Post Differen Percenta Remarks Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon ce ge No of No of Sediment Sediment (Mcum) Varianc Potential Potential Load Load e Zones Zones (Mcum) (Mcum) District Showing Ajay 10 10 3.994 3.67034 -0.32366 (-ve) variance percentage due Total 10 10 3.994 3.67034 -0.32366 -8.1% to lesser sediment load in post-monsoon period

Considering the quantum of sand accumulated in the year during monsoon, a replenishment rate for the year comes about 92%.

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(vi) Total Potential of Minor Mineral in The River Bed The total potential of minor mineral for Ajay River in the river bed is 4832005.2 cum. Generally, 3m from both the length and average width of the area is left behind. Thus, average depth of the river bed is considered to be 3m. So, the total volume is calculated by multiplying the area obtained with average depth. Total reserves of minor minerals (in Tonne) = length x width x depth x density. Total mineable mineral reserve (in mT) is calculated by taking 60% of the total mineral reserve Total mineable mineral potential = 60% of Total mineral potential a) Geological Studies i. Lithology of Catchment Area Alluvium, sandstone, quartzite, shale, clay stone, low level laterites ii. Tectonics and structural behavior of rocks The western part of Bardhhaman district is formed of Archaean (Precambrian) rocks containing a multitude of variations of granitoid and schistose which had crystallized at least 900 million years ago (Gaz, Burd. 1994: 29). Geologically, the area consists of the Meta sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian age, Gondwana sedimentary rocks, Rajmahal basalts and Upper Tertiary sediments. Laterites have developed on these older rocks as well as on early Quaternary sediments. The most relevant fact in this context is the presence of a series of coal measures which played the fundamental role in emergence of mine as well as industries. Among those coal measures, the Barakar measures occur as an irregular belt roughly parallel to the northern boundary (Gaz, Burd. 1994:32) of the area in question, covering nearly 155 Km2 area and thickness 640 meters. The areas of Ironstone shales is 113 Km2 and thickness is 365 meters. The Raniganj measures crop out along the southern half of the famous Raniganj area (Gaz, Burd. 1994:33). The area of Supra Panchyet is 13 Km2 and thickness is 300-600 meters. The present tract of Gondwana represents a small portion of Gondwana sedimentation which has been faulted down within the Archean period. The main complex boundary fault with Gondwana rocks deposited largely exist in the major portion of the study area south of the Ajoy river. The northern boundary one of natural deposition affected by strike or oblique-faults represent the uneven Archean land surface in early Gondwana times, which has been complicated by a number of cross faults. The main southern boundary fault is a single unbroken displacement and a large strike fault running an Echelon (the main boundary fault). South of the Damodar River, a second main boundary fault, called the . On the northeastern part of the study area, the large oblique strike fault of the Ajoy River had affected the preservation of the Trans-Ajoy strip of Damuda sediments. The entire area isaffected by many dips; strikes and oblique faults .Some of these faults is contemporaneous with the deposition and coalification period. This region has been extensively intruded by both ultra-basic and basic intrusive. The former occurs as both dykes and sills of lamprophyres. The most predominant dolerite dyke is the Salma dyke. Wide tracts of laterite rock overlie the northeastern parts of the Raniganj and Durgapur strata. This laterite deposition is composed of numerous quartz grains and of numerous quartz grains and these quartzose laterites pass in lateritic conglomerates and laterite gravels. Different types of lateritic deposits have been found, accordingly to their principal lithological character of these latritic types all

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of the sandy of gravel beds. These are true laterite gravels and conglomerates. Sandstone, clay ironstone together with lateritic deposition occurs in the study area. Fossil wood is also associated with lateritic deposits. Lateritic occurrences mainly quartozose gravels are found in the Pancheyt and Raniganj beds of the North and south of the Damodar River. b) Climatic factors i. Intensity of rainfall The intensity of rainfall due to depressions sometimes becomes very extensive and may cause enhanced soil erosion in the district. During winter, western disturbances generally cause light rainfall. This does not cause any major soil erosion problem. During summer of season i.e., March to May, rainfall is caused by the ‘Norꞌwesters’ or ‘Kalbaisakhis’. Kalbaishakhis generally bring sudden rainfall with pronounced intensities. Besides, the season in which Kalbaishakhis occurs is characterized by the presence of bare soil mostly devoid of vegetation. Therefore, it causes considerable amount of soil erosion. Paschim Bardhaman district enjoys the tropical monsoon type of climate which is characterized by hot wet summer and cool dry winter. There is a relatively short wet period preceded by a period of comparatively dry spells of long duration ii. Climate Zone Paschim Bardhaman district enjoys the tropical monsoon type of climate characterized by hot wet summer and cool dry winter. There is a relatively short wet period preceded by a period of comparatively dry spells of long duration. iii. Temperature variation The year in general is divided into four seasons. The cool weather commences in the later part of November and lasts until the middle of February. During these months the prevailing winds are from the north and north-east. This is followed by the hot and dry season which extends up to May. The weather becomes increasingly hot during the day, though the night remains fairly cool. The daily range of temperature is often tempered by Nor‘westers which generally appears in the evening. The south west monsoon season sets in about the middle of June and continues up to the end of September. October and the first half of November constitute the post monsoon season.

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Table 28: Annual Deposition Sl.No River/ Portion of the Average Area Total Mineable . stream river/stream Length of width of recommende Reserve mineral recommended area area d for mineral (metric potential (in for mineral recommende recommend Concession ton) metric ton) concession d for mineral ed for (sq.m) 60% of Total concession mineral mineral (in kilometer) concession potential (in meter) Only commercially viable zones are recommended for 1. Ajay 6.71 240.04 1610668.4 9132489.83 5479493.897 mineral concession to get economic feasibility

TOTAL FOR THE DISTRICT (metric Ton) 5479493.897

Average Depth of Sand Bar = 3m

Density of Sand = 1.89 T/m3

(iii) Riverbed Mineral Potential

Table 29: Riverbed mineral potential

Boulder (in cubic m) Not Measurable Pebbles/ gravels (cubic m) Not Measurable Sand/ white sand (cubic m)* 4832005.2 Total mineable mineral potential (cubic m)* 4832005.2

*Vide list of existing and proposed sand mining leases

Source: Field survey

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(iv) Riverbed Potential Zones

Table 30: Riverbed sand potential zone (sand) (Source: Field Survey) Sl River Location Of Potential Zone Area in Depth Geological Mineable Area Remarks No Or Administrative Mouza Plot no JL Coordinates Hectares in Reserve Reserve within Stream Block no Meter (mcum) (mcum) prohibited zone as per rule 3 of WBMMC Rules, 2016 PB- AJAY BARABANI 86°57'51.338"E 1.68702 3 52297.506 31378.504 NO State PZ- RIVER 23°51'27.233"N Boundary 1 86°57'53.171"E within 23°51'27.475"N 100 m 86°57'53.243"E 23°51'36.766"N 86°57'51.223"E 23°51'36.904"N PB- AJAY BARABANI PARUL 01 86°58'9.615"E 1.55136 3 48092.199 28855.319 NO State PZ- RIVER BARIA 23°52'1.256"N Boundary 2 86°58'15.976"E within 23°52'4.268"N 100 m 86°58'15.648"E 23°52'5.817"N 86°58'8.118"E 23°52'2.202"N PB- AJAY BARABANI 86°59'16.274"E 7.28129 3 233001.158 139800.695 NO State PZ- RIVER 23°51'24.872"N Boundary 3 86°59'38.492"E within 23°51'20.701"N 100 m 86°59'39.848"E 23°51'23.067"N 86°59'17.584"E

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23°51'28.271"N PB- AJAY BARABANI PUTULIA 1109(P) 13 87°1'28.115"E 11.59754 3 371121.375 222672.825 NO State PZ- RIVER 23°50'28.256"N Boundary 4 87°1'52.853"E within 23°50'21.283"N 100 m 87°1'54.164"E 23°50'25.929"N 87°1'30.314"E 23°50'32.687"N PB- AJAY BARABANI PUTULIA 1109(P) 13 87°2'36.532"E 4.69072 3 140721.741 84433.045 NO State PZ- RIVER 23°49'51.976"N Boundary 5 87°2'45.619"E within 23°49'41.752"N 100 m 87°2'47.865"E 23°49'44.16"N 87°2'39.413"E 23°49'54.521"N PB- AJAY JAMURIA ANDHARIA 01 87°4'7.525"E 43.71197 3 1529918.934 917951.360 NO Possible PZ- RIVER 23°48'46.468"N for 6 87°5'6.42"E auction 23°48'18.37"N 87°5'9.345"E 23°48'22.67"N 87°4'11.269"E 23°48'51.414"N PB- AJAY JAMURIA BAGULI 02 87°5'29.651"E 21.60403 3 756141.066 453684.640 NO Possible PZ- RIVER 23°48'3.77"N for 7 87°5'45.529"E auction 23°47'38.724"N 87°5'51.61"E 23°47'43.366"N 87°5'34.236"E 23°48'7.983"N PB- AJAY JAMURIA BAGDIHI 64 87°9'42.835"E 11.90724 3 416753.569 250052.141 NO Possible PZ- RIVER SIDDHAPUR 23°44'52.041"N for 8 87°10'0.592"E

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23°44'51.376"N auction 87°10'4.456"E 23°44'57.502"N 87°9'39.687"E 23°44'57.421"N PB- AJAY JAMURIA BHURI 65 87°10'37.737"E 9.76805 3 341881.828 205129.097 NO Possible PZ- RIVER FARFARI 23°44'45.528"N for 9 87°10'52.107"E auction 23°44'45.511"N 87°10'51.532"E 23°44'51.964"N 87°10'36.578"E 23°44'52.304"N PB- AJAY KANKSA 87°30'28.809"E 3.35207 3 103914.125 62348.475 NO Possible PZ- RIVER 23°36'11.888"N for 10 87°30'41.511"E auction 23°36'22.841"N 87°30'39.329"E 23°36'23.468"N 87°30'27.806"E 23°36'13.182"N

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B. In-situ Minerals

Table 31 : LIST OF PROPOSED MINING LEASES OF THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA, PERIOD FOR EACH MINOR MINERAL (IN-SITU) (Reference: Chief Mining Officer, Paschim Bardhaman & West Bengal Mineral Development & Trading Corporation Limited)

Name Name of Host rock of Area of Depth of Whether Nature of Mineral Location for potential Area Infrastructure of associated mineralization mineralized mineralization virgin or land (whether reserve mineralized zones within available near mineral minerals, zone In meters partially free for (approx..) Administrative prohibited the

Coordinates

if any In acres excavated mining/forest/ mentioning no. Plot zone as mineralized

Mouza agriculture) grade block per Rule 3 zone of 7

WBMNC

Rules 2016 23° 48'28.08"N 87° 04'17.29"E 23° 48'29.38"N

Jamuria 87°

Baguli 04'19.38"E Black Partially 20 Approach Road

- Dolerite dyke 7.39 20 - 570092.26 23° No

Stone excavated Present 48'29.59"N 87° 04'20.06"E 23° 48'29.41"N 87° 04'21.29"E

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Name of Name Host rock Area of Depth Whether Nature of land Mineral Location for potential Area Infrastruct Remarks mineral of of mineralized of virgin or (whether free for reserve mineralized zones within ure

associa mineraliza zone minera partially mining/forest/ (approx..) Administrative prohibite available

ted tion In acres lization excavated agriculture) mentioning Coordinates d zone as near the

Plot no. Plot

Mouza

minera In grade block per Rule mineralize ls, if meters 3 of 7 d zone

any WBMNC

Rules

2016

23° 38' 46.5"

Jamgoda Faridpur 87° 19' Court Case on-

- 9.9" Approach Murrum - - 8.65 3 Vested land 25.95 No going for vested 23° 38' Road Present

land issues 50.6" 87° 19' 9.6"

Faridpur

Sarpi 23° 38'

- 12.8" No Approach Murrum - - 0.65 2.5 Vested land 1.625 - 87° 17' Road Present 2.3"

Faridpur

Sarpi 23° 37' 37.5" No Approach Gravels - - 4.58 3 Vested land 13.74 - 87° 17' Road Present 2.9"

Bansgoda Faridpur 23° 37' 28.8" No Approach Gravels - - 1.48 3 Vested land 4.44 - 87° Road Present

17'15.1"

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9. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE DISTRICT a) GENERAL OVER VIEW To prepare the DSR of Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, geological studies along with structural studies in the quest from knowing more and more pertaining to tectonic set up of this regime, suitability for river bed sand mining and time of deposition of different types of minerals are also important. The common hydrological regime plays a pivotal role for deposition of sand and other minor minerals and it is defined by the tropical monsoon climate with alternating dry and wet seasons. Paschim Bardhaman, in this regard, gives a best fit result. The spatiality of rain is controlled by the orientation of the axis of monsoon trough. River bed sand mining or sand mining adjacent to a river or stream has a direct impact on the physical characteristics of the stream such as channel geometry, bed elevation, substratum composition and stability, in-stream roughness of the bed, pro velocity, discharge capacity, sediment transport capacity, turbidity, temperature etc. Alteration or modification of the said attributes may cause hazardous impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine regime.

b) EXISTING MINING LEASES OF THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA, PERIOD FOR EACH MINOR MINERAL Table 32: LIST OF EXISTING MINING LEASES OF THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA, And PERIOD FOR EACH MINOR MINERAL (SAND) [Source: DLLRO & O.C. (Mines), Paschim Bardhaman]

Geolog Are ical Mineral Name a Area Sl. Block Mouza JL Plot Reserv Reserve of (In (in Coordinates Bidder Remark No Name Name No. No. e In In Status River Acre Hect) Name s Tonna Tonnage .) ge Applied Desher KOILASH Applied 1. Jamuria Ajay 9.44 3.82 14 583(P) 23°46'57.9"N 87°06'29.1"E on Mohan MAHATO for EC 29/04/21 DEBNAT Applied H Applied 2. Ajay Desher 8.90 3.60 14 583(P) 23°46'48.8"N 87°06'34.4"E on Jamuria ENTERPR for EC Mohan 27/05/21 ISE M/S Applied Desher Applied 3. Jamuria Ajay 9.33 3.78 14 583(P) 23°46'41.8"N 87°06'38.9"E GANESH on Mohan for EC NANDY 18/11/21 4. Jamuria Ajay Desher 8.65 3.50 14 583(P) 23°46'34.6"N 87°06'43.2"E LALTU Applied Applied

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Mohan DUTTA on for EC 17/11/21 Applied Desher 1565( LALTU Applied 5. Jamuria Ajay 6.82 2.76 14 23°45'04.6"N 87°08'59.1"E on Mohan P) DUTTA for EC 15/11/21 RELIANC Desher 1565( E STONE Under 6. Jamuria Ajay 6.86 2.78 44 23°45'02.6"N 87°09'5.9"E Mohan P) PRODUC Process T Less than 3 Baraban Parulba 2366( 23°51'49.56" bidders, 7. Ajay 5.96 2.41 1 86°58'47.41"E i ria P) N propose d for re- auction M/S NATION Applied Baraban Parulba 2366( 23°51'42.00" Applied 8. Ajay 5.90 2.39 1 86°58'56.59"E AL on i ria P) N for EC TRADER 13/11/20 S

SARAN Applied Baraban ALCOHO Applied 9. Ajay Putulia 9.44 3.82 13 1108(P) 23°51'8.91"N 87°0'28.78"E on i L PVT. for EC 24/06/20 LTD.

Erroneo SHREEN us Baraban ATHJI 10. Ajay Putulia 9.62 3.89 13 1108(P) 23°51'5.61"N 87°0'35.01"E Paymen i DISTRIB t of 1st UTORS installed MAIHAR Applied Baraban 1108( Applied 11. Ajay Putulia 9.38 3.80 13 23°51'2.20"N 87°0'41.75"E DEVELO on i P) for EC PERS 24/06/20 Applied Baraban Rasunp 23°49'26.17" AJAY Applied 12. Ajay 9.02 3.65 16 1673(P) 87°3'1.68"E on i ur N TIWARI for EC 24/06/20 STARNET Baraban Rasunp 23°49'13.36" MARKET Under 13. Ajay 10.29 4.16 16 1673(P) 87°3'15.76"E i ur N ING PVT. Process LTD. 14. Baraban Ajay Rasunp 4.44 1.80 16 1673(P) 23°49'7.52"N 87°3'28.89"E LIBRA Applied Applied

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i ur RETAILE on for EC R PVT. 24/06/20 LTD. Pandav Deshlo BINOD RUNNI 15. Ajay 5.21 2.11 8 610 (P) 23°43'17.8"N 87°18'46.8"E EC eswar pa SHAW NG Pandav Deshlo BINOD RUNNI 16. Ajay 3.81 1.54 8 610 (P) 23°43'15.6"N 87°18'53.1"E EC eswar pa SHAW NG SRI Kanksh Rautdih 23°38'2.045" 87°25'50.691" MANOJ RUNNI 17. Ajay 7.06 2.86 25 953(P) EC a i N E KUMAR NG SINGH SK 23°36'45.037 87°27'57.981" RUNNI 18. Kanksha Ajay Kotalpukur 30 915(P) SAIFUL EC 8.15 "N E NG UDDIN

AJAY 23°36'5.696" 87°29'50.593" RUNNI 19. Kanksha Ajay Satkahania 5.20 2.10 34 675(P) PRATAP EC N E NG SINGH M/S 4785(P 23°36'53.587 RUNNI 20. Kanksha Ajay Basudha 8.60 3.48 35 87°31'0.125"E RAJEN EC ) "N NG ROY ANIRUD Kanksh 4785(P 23°36'58.166 DHA RUNNI 21. Ajay Basudha 7.83 3.17 35 87°31'9.779"E EC a ) "N BANERJE NG E To be 3(P), Kanksh 23°36'59.861 87°31'17.404" Re- 22. Ajay Basudha 3.65 35 4785(P a 9.02 "N E surveye ) d 1255(P To be Kanksh ), 23°37'1.483" 87°31'26.375" Re- 23. Ajay Basudha 9.79 3.96 35 a 4787(P N E surveye ) d Prayed for 1255(P ANIRUD adjustm Kanksh ), 23°37'1.597" 87°31'33.322" DHA 24. Ajay Basudha 7.35 2.97 35 ent; EC a 4787(P N E BANERJE not ) E approve d 2780(P 23°44'40.741 87°12'47.419" CHANDA RUNNI 25. Jamuria Ajay Semalya 8.27 3.35 66 EC ) "N E ENTERPR NG

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ISE INDIA DIGITAL Chinchurbi 1283(P ENTERT RUNNI 26. Jamuria Ajay 7.66 3.10 5 23°47'28.7"N 87°6'9.5"E EC l ) AINMEN NG T PVT. LTD. RUPUCH Deed to Salanpu AK be 27. Ajay Fatepur 6.20 2.51 103 3(P) 23°52'4.9"N 86°55'56.4"E EC r ENTERPR execute ISES d Deed to ANIL Salanpu be 28. Ajay Fatepur 6.00 2.43 103 3(P) 23°51'57.7"N 86°55'58.7"E KUMAR EC r execute SINGH d 51(P),5 2(P),54 (P),55, 57(P),5 6(P),61 HEMEND Damod 11.5 RUNNI 29. Andal Tialmana 4.69 49 (P),62( 23°34'2.44"N 87°9'9.142"E RA OJHA EC ar 9 NG P),63(P AND CO ),64(P), 65,60(P ),73(P), 42(P), Prayed RAINBO for W refund INFRUST of 1/3 rd UCUE Salanpu bid 30. Ajay Fatepur 7.8 3.16 103 3 23°51'49.5"N 86°55'58.9"E AND r amount. HOUSING Deed DEVELO not PMENT execute LTD. d. Deed execute Bikalpa 10.0 2065(P d but 31. Jamuria Ajay Birkulti 4.06 15 23°45'52.0"N 87°07'26.8"E Traders EC 4 ) not Pvt. Ltd. registere d yet 32. Jamuria Ajay Birkulti 5.85 2.37 15 2065(P 23°45'48.2"N 87°07'35.3"E Bikalpa EC RUNNI

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) Traders NG Pvt. Ltd. Bikalpa 2065(P RUNNI 33. Jamuria Ajay Birkulti 7.38 2.99 15 23°45'43.9"N 87°07'41.8"E Traders EC ) NG Pvt. Ltd. Deed execute Bikalpa 2065(P d but 34. Jamuria Ajay Birkulti 8.54 3.46 15 23°45'38.7"N 87°07'51.1"E Traders EC ) not Pvt. Ltd. registere d yet ANKUR Baraban 1108(P 23°50'59.10" BIOCHE RUNNI 35. Ajay Putulia 8.49 3.44 13 87°0'48.26"E EC i ) N M PVT NG LTD Surya Baraban 1108(P 23°50'55.59" RUNNI 36. Ajay Putulia 8.99 3.64 13 87°0'55.16"E Narayan EC(P) i ) N NG Singh Baraban 10.4 1673(P 23°49'18.42" Sudheswar RUNNI 37. Ajay Rasunpur 4.22 16 87°3'8.69"E EC i 3 ) N Kumar NG

Keshabpu 23°32'45.433 Somrith RUNNI 38. Kanksha Kunur 0.56 0.23 66 539(P) 87°25'37.2"E EC r "N Enterprise NG

Prayed for Banshidha adjustm Radhanaga 23°38'09.52" r ent. EC 39. Ajay 1.54 24 514(P) 87°25'41.56"E Kanksha r 3.55 N Constructi EC issued, on Pvt. Deed Ltd. not execute d Coinage Pandavesw Kendra 3331(P Hotel and RUNNI 40. Ajay 4.87 1.97 1 23°44'41.5"N 87°14'48.9"E EC(P) ar khottadi ) Resorts NG Pvt. Ltd. Damod Tialma 10.1 66(P), 23°33'56.17" Chinmoy RUNNI 41. Andal 4.11 49 87°9'23.38"E EC ar na 6 67(P) N Mondal NG Damod Tialma 10.0 66(P), 23°33'53.03" Premi RUNNI 42. Andal 4.05 49 87°9'31.66"E EC ar na 1 67(P) N Arora NG Damod Tialma 10.0 66(P), 23°33'49.32" Vaishno RUNNI 43. Andal 4.06 49 87°9'41.50"E EC ar na 3 67(P) N Devi NG

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Enterprises Deed AMBEY execute Semaly 2780(P ABASAN d but 44. Jamuria Ajay 8.44 3.42 66 23°45'0.60"N 87°11'49.66"E EC a ) PVT not LIMITED registere d yet TRIUMPH SALES Semaly 2780(P RUNNI 45. Jamuria Ajay 6.81 2.76 66 23°45'0.46"N 87°11'49.66"E AND EC a ) NG SERVICE S 1891(P Damod ), 23°34'21.015 KIRAN RUNNI 46. Jamuria Nupur 10.82 4.38 31 87°11'49.66"E EC ar 2396(P "N KHAN NG ) 1891(P ANKUR Damod ), 23°34'17.312 BIOCHE RUNNI 47. Jamuria Nupur 12.03 4.87 31 87°11'49.66"E EC ar 2396(P "N M PVT NG ) LTD SUDIP RUNNI 48. Jamuria Ajay Fatepur 6.90 2.79 103 3(P) 23°51'41.3"N 87°11'49.66"E KUMAR EC NG DEY BALAJI Baidyan 1268(P RUNNI 49. Jamuria Ajay 2.23 0.90 5 23°43'37.4"N 87°11'49.66"E TRADING EC athpur ) NG CO 5 (P), Deed TRIUMPH 42 (P), execute SALES Damod Tialman 41(P), 23°34'6.093" d but 50. Jamuria 11.36 4.60 49 87°11'49.66"E AND EC ar a 40(P), N not SERVICE 39(P), registere S 44(P) d yet

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Table 33: LIST OF EXISTING MINING LEASES OF THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA, PERIOD FOR IN-SITU MINERALS (OTHER THAN SAND) [Source: Source: Office of the Sub Divisional Land and Land reforms officer Asansol, Memo no. 244/SDLRO/ASL/21, Date 22.07.2021]

GEOLOGICA MINABLE NAME OF LEASE SL. AREA NO. BLOCK MINERALS NAME PLOT NO. (ACRE L RESERVE RESERVE THE DEED OF (METRIC (METRIC HOLDER NUMBER S) TONNES) MOUZA TONNES) WITH DATE

Barabani Stone Amdiha 115,117,118,119 4.48 - - Sanjay Kumar 1.

2. Barabani Stone 776 3.50 - - Ujjal Das `

Dipak Kumar 3. Barabani Stone Amdiha 381,382 5.19 - - Maji

Arup Kumar 4. Salanpur Stone Maheshpur 83 2.75 - - Mondal

Table 34: LIST OF EXISTING MINING LEASES OF THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA, AND PERIOD FOR BRICK EARTH [Source: DLLRO & O.C. (Mines), Paschim Bardhaman]

SL NAME OF Name of the NAME OF THE LESSEE LOCATION AND AREA OF MINING LEASE AREA PERIOD OF STATUS(W REMAR N MINERAL Brick Field Administrativ Mouza with JL Plot No. IN LEASE ORKING/ KS O e Block No. ACRE CLOSED) S 1. Brick Earth KBM Probodh Mondal Barabani Barapukuri (24) NA NA NA Running NA S/o Badal Vill. Brachak (Baisali Park), P.O. , P.S. Asansol (N), PIN 713359 2. Brick Earth RNB Arjun Pasi S/O Ramdin & Ors. Barabani Amnala (26) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Bhaskajuri, P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334

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PIN-713334 3. Brick Earth RUPA Biren Bauri , Ganesh Bhandari Barabani Amnala (26) NA NA NA Running NA & Ors. S/O.Sunil Bijan Das & Ors. 4. Brick Earth RAJ Fatik Pal S/O. Golak Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan, PIN-713334 5. Brick Earth HIRA Jamagul Khan, S/O Fategul Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Muslimpara, Barabani, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 6. Brick Earth ASHA Shyamapada Mondal S/O Lt. Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Parameswar & Ors. Vill. Rangamatia, P.S. Salanpur, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 7. Brick Earth BURN Sanat Kr. Das S/O Haradhan Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA BARABANI Vill.-Domahani, PS-Barabani BF Dist. Burdwan 8. Brick Earth HERO Dhiren Ghosh , S/O Lt. Anil Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Ghosh & Ors. Vill. Joyramdanga, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 9. Brick Earth MAX Sk. S/O. Sk. Abul Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Baijaddipur, Sripur Bazar, P.S. Jamuria, PIN 713373 10. Brick Earth MKB Ansar Mondal, S/O Darbesh Barabani Barabani (45) NA 2 NA Running NA Barabani, Dist. Bardhaman PIN 713334 11. Brick Earth MMB Sk Tahidur Mondal, S/O Lt. Barabani Barabani (45) NA 2.95 NA Running NA Darbesh Mondal & Ors. Muslim Para, Vill.& P.O. Barabani, PIN 713334 12. Brick Earth PRIME Sanat Kr. Das S/O Haradhan Barabani Barabani (45) NA 2.04 NA Running NA BULL Vill.-Domahani, PS-Barabani Dist. Burdwan 13. Brick Earth STAR Bamapada Mondal, S/O Lt. Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Parameswar & Ors. Vill. & P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani,

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PIN 713334 14. Brick Earth SUN Bimal Chandra Mondal, S/O Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Anil Ch. Mondal Bazar, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 15. Brick Earth NEW Narayan Karmakar S/O. Barabani Barabani (45) NA NA NA Running NA Bholanath Vill. & P.O. & P.S.Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 16. Brick Earth BBF Md. Rahim Ansari S/O. Ataul Barabani Bardang (07) NA NA NA Running NA Haque Hakim Para, Vill. & P.O., P.S. Barabani, PIN- 713315 17. Brick Earth BMC Bidyut Banerjee, S/O Gopal Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Silicate Factory Road, Asansol 713303 18. Brick Earth MG (GCM) Rita Maji W/o Ahlad Maji, Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Kalajharia, P.O.Asansol, P.S. Hirapur, Dist.-Paschim Bardhaman, 19. Brick Earth MBC Prabhat Sen S/O Shaktipada Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Domohani Bazar, P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 20. Brick Earth GEM Rabilochan Maji S/O. Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Gurupada Vill. & P.S. , P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713330 21. Brick Earth PILOT Sibaprasad Maji S/O Narayan Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Chandra Vill. Domohani, P.O. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 22. Brick Earth SKY Mobarak Khan, S/O Mehboob Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Khan Junior High School Para, Vill. & P.O. Domohani Bazar, P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 23. Brick Earth POWER Ganesh , S/O Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Hemanta Mukherjee & ors

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Vill. & P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani 24. Brick Earth SDK Ram Prasad Kapuri Barabani Bhaskajuri (42) NA NA NA Running NA S/O Sadananda Kapuri Vill. Paharbera Goalapara, Bhanora P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 25. Brick Earth MOTI Jagabandhu Mondal Barabani Bhaskajuri (42) NA NA NA Running NA 26. Brick Earth RUN Jiban Mondal S/O Aditya & Barabani Charanpur (52) NA NA NA Running NA Ors. Vill. & P.O. Charanpur, P.S. Barabani PIN 713330 27. Brick Earth PYKE & Abhijit Pyke S/O Rabidas Pyke Barabani (36) NA NA NA Running NA GHOSH Sarakdihi, P.O. Dhadka, P.S. Asansol (N) 28. Brick Earth SUPER Uttam Ghosh S/O Sarat Ghosh Barabani Chinchuria (36) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Chinchuria, P.O. Nuni, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 29. Brick Earth NNG Avijit Ghosh S/O. Natabar Barabani Chinchuria (36) NA 1.66 NA Running NA Chinchuria, P.O. Nuni, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713341 30. Brick Earth AGNI Bidhan Ch. Roy S/O Lakshmi Barabani Domohani (50) NA NA NA Running NA Narayan Vill. Bhattacharya Para, Karmakarpara, P.O. , P.S. Jamuria 31. Brick Earth MGA Sibaprasad Halder Barabani Domohani (50) NA NA NA Running NA RANI S/O Bhabataran Halderpara, Domohani Bazar, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713334 32. Brick Earth UTTAM Uttam Pal S/O. Manik Barabani Domohani (50) NA NA NA Running NA Napara, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 33. Brick Earth PKP Pranab Pal S/O. Niranjan Barabani Domohani (50) NA NA NA Running NA JBB Rabindra Nagar, P.O. Asansol, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713304 Ph. 8972940510 34. Brick Earth SBC Pintu Sarkar S/o. sushil Barabani Domohani (50) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Bhanora Colliery, P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 35. Brick Earth DEVA Hiralal Maji , S/O Gaibi Nath Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 1.57 NA Running NA Maji Vill. Angaria, P.O. , P.S. Salanpur, PIN 713359 36. Brick Earth JEET Dinesh Das, S/O Sudhir Kr. Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 2.06 NA Running NA Das & Ors. Vill. Joyramdanga, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Pin 713334 37. Brick Earth JKB Santosh Mondal Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 2.1 NA Running NA S/O Satyapada & Ors. Vill. Joyramdanga, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN-713334 38. Brick Earth RKB Sibnath Ghosh S/O Ayen Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 3.46 NA Running NA Ghosh Vill. , P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 39. Brick Earth MOON Dilip Kr. Dey, S/O. Suraj Kr. Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 1.65 NA Running NA Dey Vill. & P.O.Bhanora, P.S. Barabani, PIN-713334 40. Brick Earth SNB Bhagabat Mondal& Ors. Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA NA NA Running NA S/O Sadananda Vill. Madanmohanpur, P.O.&P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 41. Brick Earth DMC Barin Mondal Barabani Joyramdanga (41) NA 3.66 NA Running NA 42. Brick Earth DEEP Dipak Pal S/O Shankar Barabani Karrabaid (39) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Monidanga, P.O. Kelejora, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 43. Brick Earth JMB Uttam Mondal & Ors.S/O. Barabani Karrabaid (39) NA NA NA Running NA Haradhan Karrabaid, P.O. & P.S.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 44. Brick Earth BMG Bipin Bhandary S/O. Gopal Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA Napitpara, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 45. Brick Earth GLOBE Parimal Ch. Bhadra S/O. Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA Manik Vill. & P.O. Domohani, P.S. Barabani, Dsit. Burdwan, PIN-713334 46. Brick Earth GMB Kanai Mondal s/o Nikhileswar Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Domahani Bazar, P.S. Baraboni, PIN 713334 47. Brick Earth PKM Pabitra kr. Mondal, S/O Lt. Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA Anil Kr. Mondal Domohani Bazar, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 48. Brick Earth SRM Sandhya Rani Mondal Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA W/O Lt. Vill. P.O. Domohani, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN-713334 49. Brick Earth JMT Sajal Maji S/O Narendranath Barabani (43) NA NA NA Running NA Maji Vill. Paharberia Goalapara, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 50. Brick Earth SURYA Sandip Mukherjee S/O Lt. Barabani Majiara (43) NA NA NA Running NA Biswanath G Highschool Para, Domohani, P.O. & P.S. Barabani 51. Brick Earth PRADIP Buddhadeb Mondal S/O. Barabani Chinchuria (36) NA NA NA Running NA Nanigopal Vill. & P.O.Kanyapur, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713341 52. Brick Earth JAAN Sk. Shajahan Barabani Majiara (43) NA NA NA Running NA 53. Brick Earth KPM Netai Pal & Ors. S/O. B.N. Pal Barabani Monoharbahal (35) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Domohani, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

54. Brick Earth SMD Golak Patar S/O. Shaktipada Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Napara, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 55. Brick Earth DBF Dulal Patar S/O. Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Napara, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 56. Brick Earth IBF Sk. Badruddin Maji S/O Sk. Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Abdul Rampur, Barabani, Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713334 57. Brick Earth KING Narayan Ch. Sadhu & Ors. Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA S/O. Banshidhar East Apkar Garden, AMC 2, P.S. Asansol(S), Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN-713301 58. Brick Earth MMC Pinaki Chatterjee S/O Kalyn Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & p.O. Barabani P.S. Barabani Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 59. Brick Earth RAJA Dilip Kr. Maji, S/O Nikhil Ch. Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Maji Vill. Joyramdanga, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, PIN 713334 60. Brick Earth SONA Bikash Ghosh S/O Narayan Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Madanmohanpur, P.O & P.S. Barabani, Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713334 61. Brick Earth STEEL Jhantu Gorai, S/O Budhan Barabani Napara (40) NA 2 NA Running NA Vll.& P.O. Bhanora, P.S. Barabani 62. Brick Earth TATA Sanjit Mondal S/O. Binod of Barabani Napara (40) NA NA NA Running NA Madanmohanpur, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan.PIN- 713334 63. Brick Earth BMCO Kajal Maji / Raghunath Maji & Barabani Napara (40) NA 2.75 NA Running NA Ors. S/O. Ramapada Bijari, P.O., P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. 713359 64. Brick Earth ROSE Uttam Pal S/O. Manik Barabani Napara (40) NA 2.07 NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Napara, P.O. & P.S. Barabani, Dist. Burdwan. PIN-713334 65. Brick Earth MSB Sukumar Mondal S/O/ Mohan Barabani Punchra (21) NA NA NA Running NA Ch. Vill. Amnala, Namopara P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 66. Brick Earth TARA Achintya Maji S/O Narayan Barabani Punchra (21) NA 2.39 NA Running NA Itapara, P.O. Lalganj, P.S. Barabani, Dist. Paschim Burdwan, PIN-713359 67. Brick Earth BHARAT Bulti Mondal Barabani Kelejora (46) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Kelejora, Barabani 68. Brick Earth NISHA Jashbir Singh S/O. Hari Barabani Panifala (38) NA 1.83 NA Running NA NSD Hill View North, P.O. Asansol, Dist. Burdwan. PIN- 7143304 69. Brick Earth MUKTI Achinta Mukherjee, S/O Barabani Shyamsundarpur NA NA NA Running NA Sukumar (51) Vill.& P.O. Domohani, P.S. Barabani 70. Brick Earth JEWEL Jewel Mondal S/O Pabitra Barabani Bhanora (44) NA NA NA Running NA Domohani Bazar, P.S. Barabani 71. Brick Earth MCB Haraprasad Das S/O- Salanpur Alkusa (58) NA NA NA Running NA Madhusudan Das, Samdi Road 72. Brick Earth MAJI HIRALAL MAJI S/O- Salanpur Angaria (77) NA NA NA Running NA MUNMUN GAIBINATH VIL-ANGARIA, P.O- ETHORA 73. Brick Earth ARJUN Satadal Mukherjee S/O Salanpur Ethora (06) NA NA NA Running NA Narayan & Ors. Vill. & P.O. Ethora, P.S. Salanpur, PIN 713359 74. Brick Earth SUN Salil Chatterjee S/o - Arun , Salanpur Mahisamura (71) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Khudika, P.O. Salanpur PIN 713357 75. Brick Earth GOEL Shankar Mondal S/O Kallar Salanpur Namokesia (08) NA 2.83 NA Running NA Namokesia, Kalimandir, P.O. Achra, P.S. Salanpur 76. Brick Earth JMK Dulal Chandra Banik S/o- Salanpur Salanpur (27) NA NA NA Running NA JOY MAA Jagadish Vill. Katasaya, PO-Salanpur,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist. Burdwan 77. Brick Earth SBI Ratan Nag S/O Narayan Salanpur Sirisbera (18) NA 2.83 NA Running NA Vill. , PS-Salanpur 78. Brick Earth AVON Rabindra Nath Samaddar Salanpur NA 2 NA Running NA S/O Narayan Chandra, Vill. Kirtansala, P.O. Siakulberia, P.S. Salanpur, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 79. Brick Earth IBF Radhanath Mondal S/O Nabani Salanpur NA NA NA Running NA 80. Brick Earth STONE Meghnath Chowdhury S/O Salanpur Namokesia (08) NA NA NA Running NA Sudhama 81. Brick Earth KMBF Mritunjoy Gope , S/o. Chinta Raniganj (04) NA NA NA Running NA Ch. Gope and others vill- Amkula, P.O. Egara ,Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713323 82. Brick Earth BBCo Binod Kr. Bagaria, S/O Bhagat Raniganj Amrasota (18) NA NA NA Running NA Ram Bagaria, NSB Road, P.O. Raniganj, PIN-713347 83. Brick Earth JOY Prem Bandhu Mondal S/O Joy Raniganj Amrasota (18) NA 2 NA Running NA Krishan Mondal Vill. Amrasota, P.O.Searsol , PS-Raniganj, Dist- Burdwan 84. Brick Earth NBF Mukesh Kr. Bhalotia S/o.M.R. Raniganj Amrasota (18) NA 2.01 NA Running NA Bhalotia 39/6 NSB Road, P.O. Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan PIN-713347 85. Brick Earth BIRD Apurba Chatterjee, Aloka Ojha, Raniganj Amrasota (18) NA 2.32 NA Running NA No.1 Abhijit Pande &, Netai Layek of Palash Danga, P.O. Searsol Rajbari, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713358 86. Brick Earth ARORA Dilip Kaur Arora D/O. Lt Raniganj Bansra (20) NA NA NA Running NA .Ratanlal Arora Saldanga College Road , P.O.Raniganj 87. Brick Earth GBB Swapan Gope S/O Shyama Raniganj Belebathan (09) NA 2.06 NA Running NA Pada Gope Vill- Chalbalpur ,P.O. Bidhanbag, Dist-Burdwan PIN-713337 88. Brick Earth JMK Bhim Ch. Mahato, s/o. Lt. Raniganj Belebathan (09) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Sagar Ch. Mahato, Vill -Beliabathan,P.O. - Bidhanbag, Dt-Burdwan. PIN-713337 89. Brick Earth KKB Goutam Gope ,S/o.Shiv Sankar Raniganj Chalbalpur (07) NA NA NA Running NA and Bidyut Gope,S/o.Sadananda Gope, Vill-Chalbalpur, P.O.- Bidhanbag ,Dist- Burdwan PIN-713337 90. Brick Earth GOURANG Bipad Taran Gope Raniganj Chelod (05) NA NA NA Running NA A (GBF) S/O- Late Gour Chandra Gope, Vill-Chelod , P.O. Kalipahari, Dt-Paschim Bardhaman PIN-713339 91. Brick Earth BABA Laxmi Narayan Mondal, Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA S/O. Jagabandhu, Vill-Narankuri, P.O.Egara , P.S. Raniganj, Dist- Paschim Bardhaman PIN- 713323 92. Brick Earth TARA Shyamol Modok S/O Paresh Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA Ch. Modak Vill - Damalia,P.O.Egara, PIN- 713323 93. Brick Earth IPL Somenath Chatterjee ,Abdul Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA Sahaban Khan, Biswarup Bouri, Rakesh Bouri, Rajesh Bouri, of Vill -Damalia,P.O.- Kalipahari P.S.Raniganj ,Dt- Burdwan PIN-713339 94. Brick Earth JBW Jagadish Bauri & Ors Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA of Vill- Murgathol,P.O.- Bidhanbag P.S.- Raniganj,Dt- Burdwan PIN- 713337 95. Brick Earth BELA Samar Maji ,s/o. BasudebMaji Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA of Vill & P.O.- Egara , Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713323 96. Brick Earth JBL Chandi Bouri , S/O-Dhiren Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA Bouri Vill- Damalia, P.O. Egara,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist-Burdwan PIN-713323 97. Brick Earth MGBF Goutam Ghosh , S/o. K. Ghosh Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Running NA of Vill- Haarabhanga,P.O.Egara, Dt- Burdwan PIN- 713323 98. Brick Earth SONA Raban Gope , s/o.Balaram Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA Gope Vill-Harabhanga , P.O.- Kalipahari, PIN- 713339 99. Brick Earth BRAHMA Sanjoy Gope s/o Rupchand Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA BISHNU Gope MAHESWA Vill-Harabhanga, P.O. Egara R (BBM) PIN- 713323 100. Brick Earth MDB Dinabandhu Gope, s/o Motilal Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA Gope Vill - Harabhanga,P.O.Kalipahari, PIN- 713339 101. Brick Earth NBB Sadhan Ch. Mondal S/O G.B. Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA 2 NA Running NA Mondal Vill- Tirat, P.O. Kalipahari, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713339 102. Brick Earth SHYAMA Swapan Gandhi S/O Haladhar Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA (SBF) Gandhi Vill-Harabhanga ,P.O. Egara, PIN- 713323 103. Brick Earth GANGA Sanjay Gope S/O Rupchand Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Harabhanga, P.S. Raniganj 104. Brick Earth MARANG Suku S/O Somay Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA BURU Vill. Harabhanga, PS-Raniganj, (MBBF) Dist. Burdwan 105. Brick Earth BMCo Smt. Sulekha Mondal W/O Raniganj Harabhanga (10) NA NA NA Running NA TARA MAA Sastipada Mondal Vill. Harabhanga , P.S.- Raniganj, Dist- Burdwan 106. Brick Earth HARI Dinabandhu Maji, S/O Raniganj (08) NA 1.47 NA Running NA Magaram Vill. Jemari, P.O. Bidhanbag, P.S. Raniganj

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

107. Brick Earth RMCo Ranjit Maji S/O- Lt . Balaram Raniganj Kumardiha (04) NA NA NA Running NA Maji Majipara, Mohisila, P.O. Kalipahari, P.S. Asansol(S), Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 108. Brick Earth LUX Ajma Bibi Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Ronai, PS-Raniganj, Dist. Burdwan 109. Brick Earth NEW Kabiruddin Khan S/O Mustafa Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Khan Vill & P.O.-Ronai ,P.O.- Raniganj, PIN-713347 110. Brick Earth MKB Rajendra Kumar Ghosh S/O Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Narayan Ch. Vill -Mongalpur,P.O.- Raniganj, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713347 111. Brick Earth RANA Sukhamay Rana Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. , PS-Andal, Dist. Burdwan 112. Brick Earth SKW Dharam Nath Pd. Gupta S/o. Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Ramdas Gupta P.N. Malia Rad, P.O. Raniganj,Dt-Burdwan PIN- 713347 113. Brick Earth JAY Joydeb Ghosh , S/O. M.C. Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Ghosh Vill -Mongalpur,P.O.-Raniganj Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713347 114. Brick Earth LOHA Maqsood Alam S/O- Hazi Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Nasir Ahmed, New Owner-Bhim Gorai, Kalidas Gorai, Lalan Tanti of Vill-Mongalpur, P.O.- Raniganj Dt-Burdwan PIN-713347 115. Brick Earth ASB Amar Nath Ghosh S/O Satya Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Ghosh 116. Brick Earth SBF Sadhu Yadav , S/O. Lt. Sarju Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Running NA Yadavof Vill-Mongalpur,P.O.-Raniganj

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist-Burdwan. PIN-713347 117. Brick Earth SKB Sohon Khan & Tafizul Khan , Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA 2.14 NA Running NA both s/o. Safique Khan of Vill -Ronai ,P.O.Raniganj, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713347 118. Brick Earth SUNNY Manas Tapadar , Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Closed NA (Single S/o.P.N.Tapadar, Chimney) 53, East College Para Road, P.O. Raniganj Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713347 119. Brick Earth YBF Baban Yadab, S/o.R.N.Yadav Raniganj Mongalpur (22) NA NA NA Closed NA (Single of Chilmney) Vill .-Mongalpur ,P.O. Raniganj,Dist- Burdwan PIN-712247 120. Brick Earth MAA Asit Baran Mondol S/o. M.N. Raniganj Murgathol (15) NA NA NA Running NA MANASHA Mondal (MMB) Vill & P.O.-Egara, P.S. Raniganj, PIN- 713323 121. Brick Earth MAHA Biswanath Gope , S/o. Motilal Raniganj Murgathol (15) NA NA NA Running NA SHAKTI Gope (MSB) Vill. Harabhanga, P.O.Kalipahari, PIN- 713339 122. Brick Earth Samir Kr. Mondal , S/O. Golak Raniganj Narankuri (12) NA NA NA Running NA MAA Behari Mondal, of Vill-Narankuri , P.O. Egara, Dist- Burdwan PIN-713339 123. Brick Earth DEB Kalipada Maji S/O- Pankhi Raniganj Nimcha (16) NA NA NA Running NA Maji Vill+P.O.- Bogra, P.S.- Jamuria, PIN-713332 124. Brick Earth SOLAR Ramakanta Roy , S/O. Niranjan Raniganj Nimcha (16) NA NA NA Running NA Roy Ranishayer More , P.O. Searsol, PIN- 713358 125. Brick Earth MNK Archana Mondol , W/O. Raniganj Nimcha (16) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Susanta Kr. Mondal of Girja Para, P.O. Raniganj,Dist- Burdwan. PIN-713347 126. Brick Earth NKB Anand Kr. Mahato , Durgadas Raniganj Nimcha (16) NA NA NA Running NA Murmu, Swapan Kr. Gandhi of Vill- Harabhanga,P.O.- Kalipahari,Dist-Burdwan. PIN- 713339 127. Brick Earth JTB Fakir Gope , s/o.R.N. Gope Raniganj Sahenganj (25) NA NA NA Running NA of vill- Narayankuri,P.O.Egara, Dist-Burdwan PIN- 713323 128. Brick Earth IRON+ Nripendra Ghosh S/O Santosh Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA Ghosh Vill. Searsole, PS-Raniganj, Dist- Burdwan 129. Brick Earth FINE Bulbul Mondol S/O Radha Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA Krishna Mondal Vill & P.O - Searsole, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713358 130. Brick Earth JBF Raj Kr. Bhalotia, S/O. Shiv Kr Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA Gobind Bazar, P.O. Searsole, AK Trading PS-Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan PIN-713358 131. Brick Earth JOY Dinabandhu Mondal S/O Joy Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA KRISHNA Krishna (JKB) Vill+P.O Searsole, PS- Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan PIN- 713358 132. Brick Earth NBE Ashok Nath S/o. Narayan Ch. Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA Nath Vill. & P.O.Searsole, Dist- Burdwan PIN-713358 133. Brick Earth BURN Dubesh Gope S/O. Dhiren Raniganj Searsol (17) NA NA NA Running NA Vill.+P.O. Searsole, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713358 134. Brick Earth RIN+ Md.Aamirudin Khan S/O. Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Muslim Vill. Bansra, P.O.- Raniganj,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist-Burdwan 135. Brick Earth S*R Arun Mahato S/O Baldeb Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Ronai, PS-Raniganj, Dist. Burdwan 136. Brick Earth SRW Ganga Gupta s/o Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Ramdas Gupta P.N. Malia Road, P.O.Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan PIN- 713347 137. Brick Earth RIN Md.Jamirudin Khan S/O. Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA 2.06 NA Running NA Mustakim Vill. Bansra, P.O.- Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan 138. Brick Earth INDIA Md. Osman, S/O Saheb Ali Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Mirja Galib Street, P.O. & P.S. Raniganj PIN 713347 139. Brick Earth MDF Prasanta Gorai, s/o. Pareash Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Gorai Vill & P.O- , Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713376 140. Brick Earth MGBF Paru Rana S/O. M.N.Rana of Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA BBF Vill & P.O.-Harishpur, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713376 141. Brick Earth MGF Rita Gorai , W/O. Mukti Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA NA NA Running NA Gorai,of vill & P.O. Dhandadihi,Dist-Burdwan PIN- 713376 142. Brick Earth MRF Md. Ishaque & Anamul Haque Raniganj Sonachora (21) NA 1.70 NA Running NA , S/O. Sahad Ali of Vill-Nabinagar, P.O.Raniganj Dist- Burdwan Burdwan PIN- 713347 143. Brick Earth KBF Kartick Gope S/O- Kamal Raniganj Tirat (6) NA NA NA Running NA Gope Vill-Tirat, P.O.- Kalipahari, P.S. Raniganj, PIN-713339 144. Brick Earth MAA KALI Kalipada Pal S/O Asutosh Raniganj Tirat (6) NA NA NA Running NA (MKB) Vill. Tirat, P.O. Raniganj, 145. Brick Earth MAA KALI Jaladhar Pal S/O Kalipada Raniganj Tirat (6) NA NA NA Running NA (MKB) Vill. Tirat, P.O. Raniganj 146. Brick Earth BSB Bulbul/ Budhan Mishra, S/O Raniganj Tirat (6) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Jaladhar Vill. Tirat, P.O. Kalipahari, P.S. Raniganj 147. Brick Earth TBF Kalyan Roy , S/O. Bijoy Roy Raniganj Tirat (6) NA NA NA Running NA of Vill-Tirat,P.O.Kalipahari, Dist- Burdwan PIN-713339 148. Brick Earth MTB Smt. Anita Panna W/O Raniganj Damalia (11) NA NA NA Closed NA Debasish Vill. Shibmandirpara, Narankuri P.S. Raniganj,Dist-Burdwan 149. Brick Earth ROYAL Asit Kumar Mondal Kulti (46) NA 1.33 NA Running NA S/o Dakhineswar Vill. Bhandra, P.O. Sitarampur, P.S. Kulti, PIN 713359 150. Brick Earth JMS Gangadhar Maji Kulti Rampur (18) NA NA NA Running NA 151. Brick Earth RBC Subal Ch Dewasi, S/O Kulti Debipur (01) NA NA NA Running NA Kalipada Vill & P.O.Ramnagar, 152. Brick Earth RUPA Rajesh Patra, Biswanath Patra, Kulti Hatinal (35) NA 2.19 NA Running NA Lalbazar,713343, 153. Brick Earth RAJA Bijay Kr. Maji , S/O Anupam Kulti Hatinal (35) NA NA NA Running NA Lalbazar, PIN 713343 154. Brick Earth SPB Shamapada Bauri Kulti Hatinal (35) NA NA NA Running NA 155. Brick Earth PAL Kajal Pal Kulti Jasaidih NA NA NA Running NA 156. Brick Earth RANA Sujit Maji S/o Nanigopal Kulti Kulti (16) NA 2.0 NA Running NA Vill & PO-Lalbazar, PS- Kulti Dist. Burdwan, PIN-713343 157. Brick Earth SURAJ Dasarath Paswan S/o Lt. Sukur Kulti Lachipur (50) NA NA NA Running NA Paswan Lachipur, 713359 158. Brick Earth SUPER Bharat Prasad Shaw S/o Gopal Kulti Lalbazar (10) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Lalbazar, PS-Kulti, Dist. Burdwan 159. Brick Earth BNM Sadhan Gope Kulti Lalbazar (10) NA NA NA Running NA 160. Brick Earth SUPREME Ashish Kr.Shaw S/o Bharat Kulti Mahatadi (32) NA NA NA Running NA BSB Pr.Shaw Vill. Mahatadi, PS-Kulti 161. Brick Earth KULTI Monoj Pal Kulti Punuri (22) NA NA NA Running NA 162. Brick Earth MKB Puspa Ghosh Kulti Sabanpur (19) NA NA NA Running NA 163. Brick Earth STONE Ali Hussain Kulti Lalbazar (10) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

164. Brick Earth MOU Sumanta Ghosh, S/O Gadadhar Jamuria 36 Gonda (67) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-36 Ganda, P.O.-Shyamla, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713346 165. Brick Earth SONA Debprasanna Gori S/O Pradip Jamuria 36 Gonda (67) NA NA NA Running NA Kr. Vill. 36 Gonda, PO-Shyamla, PS-Pandabeswar, Dist. Burdwan 166. Brick Earth MKB Paritosh Ghosh S/O Mongal Jamuria 36 Gonda (67) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-, P.O.-Shyamla, PS-Pandabeswar, Dist- Burdwan 167. Brick Earth MITA Samaresh Ghosh S/O- Jamuria 36 Gonda (67) NA NA NA Running NA Nabagopal Vill.Bilapahari,PO- Samagra Haripur, PS- Pandabeswar, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO-713378 168. Brick Earth NEW Paritosh Ghosh, & Bhagirath Jamuria 36 Gonda (67) NA NA NA Running NA SUPER Mondal ,Vill-36 Ganda, P.O.-Shyamla, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713346, MB NO- 956455010 169. Brick Earth RUPA Sampa Pal & Ors Jamuria (68) NA NA NA Running NA 170. Brick Earth ANIMA Anima Banerjee W/O- Jamuria Banali (31) NA NA NA Running NA STONE Monoranjan Vill-Benali, P.S.-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan 171. Brick Earth ANKAN Prabhakar Mondal,Villl+P.O- Jamuria Banali (31) NA NA NA Running NA Benali, PS-Jamuria,Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713337, MB. NO- 172. Brick Earth GOLD Madhusudan Jamuria Banali (31) NA 2.31 NA Running NA Mondal,Villl+P.O-Benali, PS- Jamuria,Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713337, MB. NO- 173. Brick Earth MSB Akhilesh Mishra,Villl+P.O- Jamuria Banali (31) NA NA NA Running NA Satgram, PS-Jamuria,Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713337, MB. NO-9002881487 174. Brick Earth ROYAL Shyamal Banerjee S/O Jamuria Birkulti (15) NA 6.0 NA Running NA Satyandranath Vill. Jamuria Bazar, P.S.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Jamuria 175. Brick Earth DBF Bhabesh Dutta S/O-Sudhir Jamuria Bogra (30) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Bogra, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713337 M NO- 9932632162 176. Brick Earth JYOTI Sujit mondal , S/O- Jamuria Chakdola (58) NA NA NA Running NA Harakrishna,Vill-Chakdola, P.O-Bahadurpur, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713362, MB No- 9732236240 177. Brick Earth RUNNER Paresh Ghosh Jamuria Chinchuria (69) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Dahuka, P.O. Chinchuria, P.S. Jamuria 178. Brick Earth POWER Pradip Rana, S/O-Jugal,Vill- Jamuria Chinchuria (69) NA NA NA Running NA Dahuka, P.O-Chinchuria, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-703378, MB. NO- 9434476829 179. Brick Earth RSB Sk Saduruddin S/O-SK Jamuria Damodarpur (20) NA NA NA Running NA Rafique, Vill-Damodarpur, P.O-Nandi, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344 180. Brick Earth PANNA Prasanta Mondal S/O Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Namopara, Chakdola, P.O-Bahadurpur, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713362 181. Brick Earth LAHA Sandip Laha S/O-Satyaban Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA 3.35 NA Running NA ENTERPRIS Vill-Chakdola, P.O- E Bahadurpur, (EAGLE) Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713362 M No- 9851818181 182. Brick Earth HERO Utpal Maji S/O Madanmohan Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Namopara,Dhasal, P.O- Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan, Pin-713362 183. Brick Earth LIFE Kuraram Dutta S/O Dwijpada Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Dutta, Vill+P.O-Bhuri, P.S. Jamuria 184. Brick Earth FORT Satyanarayan Laha S/O Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA EAGLE Hrishikesh Vill-Purba Para,Chakdola,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

P.O-Bahadurpur, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO-713362 185. Brick Earth NEWS Subrata Ghosh S/O- Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA 3.2 NA Running NA Satyakinkar Vill-Chakdola, P.O- Bahadurpur, PIN NO-713362 186. Brick Earth NICE Sanjib Ghosh S/O R.G.Ghosh Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA 3.2 NA Running NA Vill-Chakdola, P.O- Bahadurpur, PIN NO-713362 187. Brick Earth STAR Mayur Maji S/O Amitava Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA EVEREST Vill. Majipara, P.O. Mohishila, PS-Asansol 188. Brick Earth GSD Satyanarayan Laha S/O Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA EAGLE Hrishikesh Gurbachan Singh Vill-Purba Para,Chakdola, P.O-Bahadurpur, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO-713362 189. Brick Earth ASTHA Kazi Salim Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Hijalgara. Dist- Burdwan, PIN No. 713362 M No-9851028544 190. Brick Earth BABU Uttam Roy Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA 1.71 NA Running NA IKON Vill-Dhasal, P.O-Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan,Pin-713362 191. Brick Earth LION Haradhan Chatterjee S/O- Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Pyarimohan, Vill+P.O- Birkulti, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO- 713334, M. NO.- 9434472582 192. Brick Earth NIHAR Santosh Mondal S/O-Sridhar Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Chakdola, P.O- Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713362 M No- 9475486276 193. Brick Earth POWER Dilip Kr. Ghosh Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Dhasal, P.O. Bahadurpur, P.S. Jamuria

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

194. Brick Earth SAKTI Dilip Kr. Ghosh Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Dhasal, P.O. Bahadurpur, P.S. Jamuria 195. Brick Earth KING Dilip Mondal S/O-Durgadas Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Dhasna, P.O-Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan,Pin-713362 M. NO.-9333006888 196. Brick Earth SUPER Goutam Ghosh S/O-Panna Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Bijoynagar, P.O- Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713362, M. NO-9563032420 197. Brick Earth PAYEL Rabilochon Pal S/O-Magaram, Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Bijoynagar, P.O- Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713362, M. NO-9564637469 198. Brick Earth TIGER Keshab Mondal Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA 2.01 NA Running NA Vill. Bhutbangla, P.S. Jamuria 199. Brick Earth SIVA Bikash Patra S/O-Niranjan, Jamuria Dobrana (72) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Dobrana, P.O-Chinchuria, P.S. Jamuria, PIN NO-703378 200. Brick Earth TULSI Monaj Mondal, S/O Sakshi Jamuria Dobrana (72) NA NA NA Running NA DEBI Goraipara, Dobrana, P.S> Jamuria 201. Brick Earth JBG Jagabandhu Gorai, S/O- Jamuria Hijalgora(40) NA NA NA Running NA Nibaran, Arup Gorai,Vill- Kumardiha, P.O-Hijalgara, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713362, MB NO.- 9378249460 202. Brick Earth TATA Tapan Gorai Jamuria Hijalgora(40) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Hijalgora, P.S. Jamuria 203. Brick Earth NBF Rajendra Prasad Bhalotia S/O Jamuria Ikra (38) NA 2.0 NA Running NA Prasad Vill. NMB Road, Raniganj 204. Brick Earth SANTI Santiram Pal S/O Magaram Pal Jamuria Jamsole (48) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Bijaynagar, P.O. Bahadurpur 205. Brick Earth BBF SK Abdul Hannan S/O Nazir Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Baijaddipur, P.O-, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713336 206. Brick Earth JKB Sk Kamaruddin,Vill- Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA 2.26 NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Baijaddipur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.-9332061340 207. Brick Earth MRF Sk. Anwar Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA 2.0 NA Running NA Jamuria 208. Brick Earth CRB Abdul Jabbar,Vill-Baijaddipur, Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA 2.21 NA Running NA P.O-Shibpur, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.- 209. Brick Earth NAAM Sk Firoz, S/O Sk. Safi Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA 2.83 NA Running NA Muslimpara, Ward No. 5, Jamuria 210. Brick Earth SRB Sk Birajul,Vill+P.O-Jamuria, Jamuria Jamuria (21) NA 2.02 NA Running NA Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.- 211. Brick Earth ATRI Parimal Ghosh S/O Bodi Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Bouri Para, , PS- Jamuria, Dist. Burdwan 212. Brick Earth PUJA Subhas Paul Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Searsole, P.S- Raniganj, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713358 213. Brick Earth ATRI-2 Shyamal Ghosh, S/O Bodi Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Goyal Para, Jote Janaki, P.O. PS- Jamuria, Dist. Burdwan PIN 713362 214. Brick Earth GOLD Mondal S/O Laxmikanta Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill:-Jyotjanaki, P.O. Topsi, PIN No. 713362 215. Brick Earth MILON Baul Mondal S/o-Laxmikanta Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA 2.0 Running Vill:-Jyotjanaki, P.O. Topsi, PIN No. 713362 216. Brick Earth SOMA Ajay Pal, S/O Sunil Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Goalapara, Jotjanaki, PS-Jamuria, Dist. Burdwan PIN 713362 217. Brick Earth GREN Dharmadas Mondal S/O Badal Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA RAJA Vill:-Jyotjanaki, P.O-Topsi, Dist-Burdwan, PIN No. 713362 218. Brick Earth 3 STAR Baidyanath Mondal Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Jotjanaki, P.O. Topsi

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

219. Brick Earth DEV Ujjal Mondal S/O Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA 220. Brick Earth ARTI Sabitri Rajvar Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill:-Jyotjanaki, P.O-Parasia, Dist-Burdwan,PIN No. 713362 M No-9749496724 221. Brick Earth BEST Akshmoy Kr Ghosh & Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA SREE1 Chinmoy Ghosh S/O-Habu Vill:-Jyotjanaki, P.O-Parasia, Dist-Burdwan, PIN No. 713362 M No-8972631888 222. Brick Earth TITAN Swapan Maji S/O-Yadav Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Bhutbangla, P.O-Tapsi, Dist-Burdwan,PIN No. 713362 M No-9614653615 223. Brick Earth KOYAL Dharam Mondal Jamuria Jotjanaki (55) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Puratan Jamsol, P.O- Bahadurpur M. NO-9832116841 224. Brick Earth BPS Santosh Kr Singh S/O Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA Bhagaban Prasad Vill. Kaithi, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan 225. Brick Earth SBC Kanika Adhikari Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA W/O-Bimal, Dipo Para, K.S. Road, Asansol(N), PIN No.- 713302 M. NO.-9832148908 226. Brick Earth SBF Chandan Kar Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Kaithi, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan 227. Brick Earth LINO Md. Siraj / Purnendu Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA ENB Banerjee,Vill-Baijaddipur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.-9332991900 Purnendu Banerjee 228. Brick Earth BSC 2 Sanatan Mondal S/O- Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA Shyamapada Vill-Pariharpur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 M. NO.-9434845713 229. Brick Earth KFC Sk Sahil Molla,Vill-Rampur, Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA .P.O-Kelejora, PS-Barabani,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713334, MB. NO-9333135342 230. Brick Earth TITAN Sanatan Mondal S/O- Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA BSC Shyamapada Vill-Pariharpur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 M. NO.-9434845713 231. Brick Earth SSA Md Amin,Vill-Kaithi, P.O- Jamuria Kaithi (22) NA NA NA Running NA Shibpur, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.- 9333223510 232. Brick Earth SBL Rajib Mukherjee, S/O- Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA NOVA Gurudas, Vill+P.O-Kenda,PS-Jamuria, PIN 713342 233. Brick Earth STEEL Shyanasi Ghosh S/O-Badal, Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Kenda(Maj Para) ,PS-Jamuria, PIN NO- 713342 234. Brick Earth KUMAR Monika Ghosh W/O- Sajib Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Chakdola, P.O- Bahadurpur, PIN NO-713362 235. Brick Earth LIKE Sudarshan Adhikari, Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA S/O-Rabilochan, Vill+P.O-Kenda,PS-Jamuria, Dist-Paschim Bardhaman, PIN No.- 713342 236. Brick Earth LOTUS Saroj Bhattacharia, S/O- Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA Biswanath,Vill+P.O- Kenda,PS-Jamuria, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713342, MB.NO- 9932928840 237. Brick Earth SOMU Rakesh Joyswal/ Rathin Jamuria Kenda (73) NA NA NA Running NA Bhattacharya ,Vill+P.O- Kenda,PS-Jamuria, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713342, MB.NO- 238. Brick Earth HIND Anima Banerjee W/O- Jamuria Kendulia (25) NA NA NA Running NA Monoranjan Vill-Benali, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan 239. Brick Earth BPL Nilanjan Mondal Jamuria Kendulia (25) NA 2.44 NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

240. Brick Earth NBH Bidhan Mondal Jamuria Kunustore (54) NA NA NA Running NA KING Vill+P.O-Kunustoria, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN No. 713362 241. Brick Earth SONA Utpal Maji S/O Subhash Jamuria Mamudpur (51) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Mondalpur, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 242. Brick Earth JRB Jagru Ram S/O- Baswan Jamuria Mondalpur (37) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Ranishyermore, P.O- Searsole, P.S.-Ranigung, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO. 713358 243. Brick Earth BBF Sk. Samsuddin Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA 244. Brick Earth JOY Kazi Ziaul Rahman & Jamuria Mondalpur (37) NA NA NA Running NA Debrnjan Banerjee, S/O Panchkari & Ors Vill. & P.O. Mondalpur, P.S. Jamuria 245. Brick Earth DOT Anish Iqbal S/O- Sayed Amir Jamuria Mondalpur (37) NA NA NA Running NA & Sanjib Kabi Vill-Damodarpur, P.O-Nandi, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344, M. NO- 9233333337 246. Brick Earth AKB Arup Bouri S/O- Gopal Jamuria Nandi (19) NA 1.45 NA Running NA Vill. Boring Danga, P.O-Nandi, P.S-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344 247. Brick Earth GBC Raju Chakraborty S/O Naren Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Bimal Adhikary Vill.Paharpur, P.O. , Dist. Paschim Bardhaman 248. Brick Earth SARADA Narendra Nath NayaK Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA S/O Ramanath, Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria, Dist-Paschim Bardhaman, PIN NO-713344 249. Brick Earth SOMA Uttam Ghosh S/O Hela Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria, PIN NO-713344 250. Brick Earth BATA Gouranga Ruidas S/O-Nabin Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Muchipara, Jamuria, P.S-Jamuria Dist-Burdwan,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

PIN NO-713344 251. Brick Earth DELTA Prabir Kumar Gorai, S/O-Subal Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Kumardiha, P.O-Hijalgara, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713362 252. Brick Earth RANA Ajit Ruidas S/o Lakhu & Ors Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344 253. Brick Earth SUN Bipadtaran Ghosh S/O Chapu Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344 254. Brick Earth STAR Tapas Mukherjee / Arup Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Chatterjee & Ors, Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344, M.NO. 9832765157 255. Brick Earth BULL Sk Samsul,Vill-Kumardiha, Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA P.O-Hijalgara, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713362, MB NO.-9434545266 256. Brick Earth ASHA Allad Ruidas & Naresh Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Pal,Vill-Bijoynagar, P.O- Bahadurpur, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713362, MB. NO- 9332275310 257. Brick Earth ROCK Samiran Chakrabortty, S/O- Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Gopaldas,Vill+P.O-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.- 9609627305 258. Brick Earth SKY Sanjib Chakrabortty,& Aloke Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA TARA Banerjee,Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S- SAMA Jamuria Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713344 MB.NO. 9332585181 259. Brick Earth TONI Ajay Mukherjee & Jawharlal Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA Banerjee S/O-Nanigopal, Vill+ P.O-Nandi,P.S-Jamuria Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344, M.NO. 9332606641 260. Brick Earth BHEEM Netai Ruidas Jamuria Nandi (19) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

TOP 261. Brick Earth RKB Barin Gorai S/O-Patitpaban Jamuria Ningha (28) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Ninga, P.S-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713373 262. Brick Earth FINE Rabi Hansda Jamuria Parasia (74) NA NA NA Running NA 263. Brick Earth PBF Tushar Kanti Ganguli, S/O Jamuria Pariharpur (23) NA NA NA Running NA Ram Pada KSTP Adda, South Dhadga PS- Asansol, Dist-Burdwan 264. Brick Earth TIME Indra Kumar Laha, S/O Debesh Jamuria Pariharpur (23) NA NA NA Running NA Umapada Mondal Sukanta Nagar, Court More, Asansol 265. Brick Earth SSB Batul Rajak S/O-Prabir Jamuria Pariharpur (23) NA NA NA Running NA SBS Villl+P.O-Satgram, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, M. NO-9800733805 266. Brick Earth TANK Sk Salek Saga, Majibur Saga, Jamuria Pariharpur (23) NA 0.98 NA Running NA Vill-Pariharpur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO- 713336 267. Brick Earth ZERO Niranjan Adhikari S/O- Jamuria Satgram (33) NA NA NA Running NA Basudev Villl+P.O-Satgram, PS-Jamuria 268. Brick Earth GOOD Apu Goswami Jamuria Satgram (33) NA NA NA Running NA BEST Villl+P.O-Satgram, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, M. NO-9332461172 269. Brick Earth NEW Mongal Bouri,Villl+P.O- Jamuria Satgram (33) NA NA NA Running NA Satgram, PS-Jamuria,Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713337, MB. NO-9732177237 270. Brick Earth RAJ Uday Layek S/O-Jagabandhu Jamuria Satgram (33) NA NA NA Running NA RAJA Villl+P.O-Satgram, PS- Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713337 M. NO-9434156448 271. Brick Earth SHAIN Sk. Mannan S/O-Sk Irsad Jamuria Shankhir (42) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Prembazar,Muslimpara, P.O-Taltore, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713336, 272. Brick Earth RMB Sk. Soduruddin S/O- Sk Jamuria Shankhir (42) NA NA NA Running NA Rafique

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Vill-Prembazar, Taltore, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344 273. Brick Earth MILON Sk. Bablu S/O-SK Amin Jamuria Shankhir (42) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Prembazar, P.O-Taltore, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713336, M. NO-9732127013 274. Brick Earth JBF Abdul Mujaffar S/O Abdul Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA Khalil, Vill+ P.O-Shibpur, PIN NO- 713336 275. Brick Earth YUG Sumanta Panda S/O- Biswarup Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Shippur, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO- 713336 276. Brick Earth INDIA Uttam Modak S/O- Nemai, Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA Ashok Nath S/O Haripada, Nimai Nath S/O Narayan, Vill+P.O-Shippur, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO- 713330 277. Brick Earth TUFAN Achinta Panda S/O Sujit Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+ P.O-Shibpur, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO- 713336 278. Brick Earth GOLD Tapan Kr. Mondal S/O Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA GBF Premananda & Ors Vill. Shibpur, P.S. Jamuria 279. Brick Earth RANI Anisur Rahaman S/O-Mukid Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA Rahaman, Vill+P.O-Jamuria, Dist- Burdwan, PIN NO- 713336, M. NO.-9332301671 280. Brick Earth DBF Akash Kar,Vill+ P.O-Shibpur, Jamuria Shibpur (18) NA NA NA Running NA DEEP Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.-9333132586 281. Brick Earth HIRA Aniruddha Pal s/o Mahadeb Pal Jamuria Shyamla (66) NA NA NA Running NA Palpara, P.O. Shyamla Chhatrish Gonda PS Pandaveswar, Burdwan 282. Brick Earth MOTI Sudhamoy Pal Jamuria Shyamla (66) NA NA NA Running NA Vill+P.O-Shyamla, P.S- Jamuria,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO- 713346, M. NO- 9732068074 283. Brick Earth MOTI+ Madhab Pal S/O Banshidhar Jamuria Shyamla (66) NA NA NA Running NA Vill Chattrishgonda, P.O. Shyamla, P.S. Pandabeswar 284. Brick Earth PUJA Samir Gorai, S/O- Jamuria Shyamla (66) NA NA NA Running NA GOLD Bhagyadhar,Vill-36 Ganda, P.O.-Shyamla, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713346 285. Brick Earth MRB Goutami Pal & Sadhan Pal,At- Jamuria Sripur (24) NA NA NA Running NA Ushagram, ASANSOL, DIST- BURDWAN,MB.NO.- 9933051626 286. Brick Earth SONA Mir Abul Alim,Vill- Jamuria Sripur (24) NA NA NA Running NA Baijaddipur, P.O-Shibpur, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO- 713336 MB. NO.-9332256220 287. Brick Earth MONU Manoar Alam S/O-Abdul Jamuria Sripur (24) NA NA NA Running NA Gaffar Vill+P.O-Shippur, Dist- Burdwan,,PIN NO- 713336 M. NO.-9735154900 288. Brick Earth DCM Sk Majed Maji S/O Sk Kabul Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Rakhakura, P.O-Churulia, Dist-Burdwan 289. Brick Earth RAJ Sk Hasmat Molla, S/O-SK Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA Mohakub,Vill-Prembazar, P.O- Taltore, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713336 290. Brick Earth RNB Sk. Nuruddin S/O-SK Rafique Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Prembazar, P.O-Taltore, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713336 291. Brick Earth DSB Avtar Singh S/O Dharam Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Taltore, PS-Jamuria, Dist. Burdwan 292. Brick Earth ICON Sk Jalaluddin, S/O- SK Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA Ayub,Vill-Prembazar, P.O- Taltore, Dist-Burdwan,PIN NO-713336, MB. NO- 9333785789 293. Brick Earth HOT Javed Eqbal S/O-Nabi Hossain Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Vill-Damodarpur, P.O-Nandi, Dist-Burdwan, PIN NO-713344, M. NO- 9932500020 294. Brick Earth MAC Sanjoy Ghosh,Vill-Jambad, Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA MAK P.O-Taltore, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713336, MB. NO-9332004823 295. Brick Earth NSB Sadananda Ghosh,Vill-Jambad, Jamuria Taltore (16) NA NA NA Running NA P.O-Taltore, Dist- Burdwan,PIN NO-713336, MB. NO-9732128949 296. Brick Earth TATA Utpal Dey S/O D. Dey Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA RUPA Vill. Chakdola GANGA 297. Brick Earth NEW Khokan Ch. Paul Jamuria Dhasal (56) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Dhasal, P.O. Bahadurpur, P.S. Jamuria 298. Brick Earth DAN Sk. Majibul S/O Sk. Jamuria Mondalpur (37) NA NA NA Running NA Samsuddin & Ors. Vill. Akhalpur, P.O. Mondalpur, P.S. Jamuria 299. Brick Earth GMB Milan Maji S/O Shibdas Jamuria Khuskula (27) NA NA NA Closed NA Vill. Khoskhula, PS-Jamuria, Dist-Burdwan 300. Brick Earth SGU Paresh Sarkar S/O Lt.P.Sarkar Asansol (EP-1) Barapukuri (24) NA NA NA Running NA Monoharbal Barpukuria, Asansol, Dist.- Burdwan 301. Brick Earth SKB Sisir Maji S/o Umapada Maji Asansol (EP-1) Bonbishnupur (31) NA NA NA Running NA Vill.- Bonbishnupur, P.O. Khakhoya, Dist.-Burdwan 302. Brick Earth MGB Dipen Ghosh & Bijoy Gorai Asansol (EP-1) Damra (40) NA NA NA Running NA Vill Kumardihi, P.O.Kalipahari, Dist.-Burdwan 303. Brick Earth MONI Barun Maji S/o Bhajohari Maji Asansol (EP-1) Gopalpur (10) NA NA NA Running NA Vill & P.O.Narsamuda, Dist.- Burdwan 304. Brick Earth DB&CO Dipendu Gorai S/o L.N.Gorai Asansol (EP-1) Junut (42) NA NA NA Running NA Vill &P.O. Budha, Dist.- Burdwan 305. Brick Earth NBBRICK Biswanath Chatterjee Asansol (EP-1) Kalla (29) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

S/oLt.Kalimoy Chatterjee Old Station, Aradanga, Dist.- Burdwan 306. Brick Earth CLASSIC Jairam Singh S/O Ramanand Asansol (EP-1) Kankhaya (30) NA NA NA Running NA (CBF) Vill. Rambagan, P.O. Searsole Rajbari, P.S. Raniganj, PIN 713358 307. Brick Earth EVEREST Amitava Maji S/o Bijoy Maji Asansol (EP-1) Mohisila (37) NA NA NA Running NA Mayur Maji Vill & P.O. Mohisila Via Kalipahari, PIN 713339 308. Brick Earth INDIA Krishna Singh S/o Bharat Asansol (EP-1) Nischinta (32) NA NA NA Running NA Singh Vill Khakhoya, P.O.Khakhoya,Dist.-Burdwan 309. Brick Earth BEST Sajal Khan & Ors S/O Asansol (EP-1) Nischinta (32) NA NA NA Running NA Dinabandhu Khan Vill-Bokbandhi, P.O. Khakhoya, Asansol 310. Brick Earth M&CO Ranjit Maji S/O Satish Ch. Asansol (EP-1) Patmohana (108) NA NA NA Running NA Maji Vill- Patmohana, P.S. Hirapur 311. Brick Earth LEELAMO Jitendra Nath Maji S/O Lt. Asansol (EP-1) Suidi (01) NA NA NA Running NA Y G.C.Maji Vill & P.O. Patmohana, Asansol, Dist.-Burdwan 312. Brick Earth DEEP Sukdeo Mondal S/O- Asansol (EP-1) Suidi (01) NA NA NA Running NA Nanigopal Mondal A-Block Sen Religh,P.O. Kanyapur, Asansol, Dist. Burdwan 313. Brick Earth JYOTI Joydev Mondal S/o Nanigopal Asansol (EP-1) Suidi (01) NA NA NA Running NA Mondal P.O.Kanyapur,Senraligh, A- Block, P.S. Asansol(N), Dist.- Burdwan 314. Brick Earth NEW JYOTI Joydev Mondal S/o Nanigopal Asansol (EP-1) Suidi (01) NA 2.0 NA Running NA Mondal P.O. Kanyapur,SenralighA- Block, P.S.Asansol(N), Dist.-Burdwan

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

315. Brick Earth RGB Bijoy Adhikary S/O Ajit Asansol (EP-1) Vidyanandapur NA 2.52 NA Running NA Adhikary (09) Bidyanandpur, Asansol, Dist. Burdwan 316. Brick Earth RKB Santosh Mondal S/o Asansol (EP-1) Vidyanandapur NA 2.7 NA Running NA Lt.KhudiramMondal (09) Vill-Karanjora,Vidyanandpur, Dist.-Burdwan 317. Brick Earth AKB Achintya Kr. Maji Asansol (EP-1) Damra (40) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Mohishila, P.S. Asansol (S) 318. Brick Earth ANNA Kajal Khan S/o D.Khan Asansol (EP-1) Nischinta (32) NA NA NA Running NA Vill.- Bokbandhi, P.O.-Khakhoya, Dist.-Burdwan 319. Brick Earth SBF Swapan Chatterjee s/o Andal Babuisole (46) NA 3.43 NA Closed NA Bijoyhari , Near Football Math, PS- Raniganj, Pin- 713321 320. Brick Earth MKA Bijon Paul s/o Sibapada Andal Dakshinkhanda NA NA NA Running NA Vill+PO- Dakshinkhanda, PS- (36) Andal Utpal Ghosh s/o Narayan Vill- Kalipur, PO+PS- Andal, Pin-713321 321. Brick Earth SHINE Niru Ruidas s/o Bhaba & Andal Dakshinkhanda NA NA NA Running NA Bammoy Ghosh s/o Panchkari (36) Vill+PO- Dakshinkhanda, PS- Andal, Pin-713321 322. Brick Earth CBF Nabanidhar Mondal s/o Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA 3.0 NA Running NA Narendra Nath Vill- Harishpur, PO- Dhandadihi, PS- Andal, Pin-713376 323. Brick Earth STAR Md. Afzal s/o Md. Mansur Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA NA NA Running NA Hossain Nagar, Raniganj, Pin- 713347 324. Brick Earth IRON Md. Irfan s/o Enamul Haque Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA NA NA Running NA Nabinagar, Hasina More, Raniganj,Pin-713347 325. Brick Earth UBF Uttam Gorai, S/O Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA NA NA Running NA Chandrakanta Vill. & P.O. Dhandadihi, P.S.

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Andal, PIN 713376 326. Brick Earth MDF Prasanta Gorai, s/o. Pareash Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA 2.5 NA Running NA Gorai Vill & P.O- Dhandadihi, Dist- Burdwan PIN- 713376 327. Brick Earth RDM Ramkrish Mahato s/o Andal Goidhaba (37) NA NA NA Running NA Brahmadeo Bidyut Kr. Nuniya Madhusudanpur Colliery, PO- Kajora Gram, PS- Andal, Pin- 713338 328. Brick Earth RKC M/S Chowhan Brothers , Andal Kajora (41) NA NA NA Running NA Prop. Renu Devi Nunia w/o Bishnudeo Khash Kajora Colliery, PO- Kajora Gram, PS- Andal, Pin-713338 329. Brick Earth KING Pabitra Kr. Khan / Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA NA NA Running NA Jhuma Ghosal 330. Brick Earth SBW Sanjit Mondal Andal Dhandadihi (39) NA NA NA Running NA 331. Brick Earth DSP Sintu Pandit Andal NA NA NA Running NA 332. Brick Earth HIMIT Himid Kumar Nayak S/o- Faridpur- Bhaburia (05) NA 2.18 NA Running NA Sukumar Nayak, Rasik Danga, Durgapur Gogla, Paschim Bardhaman, Pin No. 713381 333. Brick Earth NEHA Gopinath Mondal Faridpur- Bhaburia (05) NA NA NA Running NA SONA Biswajit Ghosh Durgapur PLUS Birbhum, Pin No. 334. Brick Earth HIRA Ajit Ghosh S/O Joydev Faridpur- (04) NA 2.0 NA Running NA SONA Vill- Madhaipur, Pin NO. Durgapur 713381 335. Brick Earth HERO Nirmal Ghosh/Sarbananda Faridpur- Madhaipur (04) NA 2.0 NA Running NA Mondal Durgapur 336. Brick Earth DULAL Tilak Kesh S/o- Sujit Kumr Faridpur- Nadiha (92) NA NA NA Running NA Kesh, Vill. & PO- Nadiha, PS- Durgapur Coke Oven, Paschim Bardhaman 337. Brick Earth LION Benoy Ghosh S/o Sasadhar Faridpur- Pansuili (103) NA 1.89 NA Running NA Ghosh Durgapur Haradhan Mondal Vill- Pansuili, P.O. Natundanga, Pin No. 713381

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

338. Brick Earth ASTHA Biswajit Khandait S/o- Faridpur- Shyamsundarpur NA NA NA Running NA Shyamacharan Vill- Durgapur (07) Kanchanpur P.O. Gourbazar Pin NO. 713385 339. Brick Earth MOTI Krishna Ch. Ghosh S/O Kiriti Faridpur- Sirsha (17) NA NA NA Running NA Vill & P.O. Balijuri, Pin NO. Durgapur 713385 340. Brick Earth ROYAL Subodh Layek Faridpur- Gogla (14) NA 3.0 NA Running NA Durgapur 341. Brick Earth NEWS Uttam Kr. Ghosh Faridpur- Madhaipur (04) NA NA NA Running NA Durgapur 342. Brick Earth HERO Bipod Taran Pan Faridpur- Shyamsundarpur NA NA NA Running NA PLUS Durgapur (07) 343. Brick Earth SATATA Mitali Sinha W/O Sujit Kanksa Babnabera (63) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Babnabera, P.O. 344. Brick Earth HERO Uttam Ghosh, S/O Manik Kanksa Basudebpur (05 NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Basudebpur, P.O. Gourbazar, P.S. Kanksa, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713377 345. Brick Earth LOHA Sukumar Bhandary, S/O Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA Madhusudan Vill. Khayerbuni, P.O. , , Birbhum -731214 346. Brick Earth NILA Uday Ghosh, S/O Anat Nath Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Dangal, P.O. Bonkati, P.S. Kanksa 347. Brick Earth AJANTA Ananda Gopal Banerjee S/O Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA Mrityunjoy Vill. & P.O. Illambazar 348. Brick Earth MBF Rajen Singh S/o Lt. Sibnath Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA Singh Vill.& P.O. Illam Bazar 349. Brick Earth NUPUR Sunil Kr. Mondal S/o Kanksa Biharpur (62) NA NA NA Running NA Sachikanta RD-37, Elison Path, P.O. , P.S. Bidhannagar New Township, Durgapur-713212 350. Brick Earth RUPA Pijush Kanti Chattaraj, S/O Kanksa Binodpur (06) NA NA NA Running NA Umapada

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Vill. Binodpur, P.S. Kanksa 351. Brick Earth TARA Sajal Roy S/o. Shankar Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA Narayan /Narayan Pal Vill.Bishnupur, PO.Shibpur, DGP-713212 352. Brick Earth PADMA+ Tapan Ghosh S/O Shaktipada Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Krishnapur, P.O. Shibpur 353. Brick Earth HARD+ Bipad Taran Mondal S/o Sudan Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Bishnupur, P.O. Shibpur 354. Brick Earth LMB Debabrata Biswas S/o.Shyamal Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA Vill-Dangal, PIN-713148 355. Brick Earth PASAN 1 Alok Mukherjee S/o Yasoda Kanksa Bonkati (33) NA NA NA Running NA Dulal Bonkati 356. Brick Earth NILA Abdus Sattar, S/O Md. Majed Kanksa Dihibeta (21) NA NA NA Running NA Ali Vill. Jatgoria, P.O. Shibpur, Durgapur 12 357. Brick Earth HIRA+ Madhab Nandi S/O Lt. Ganesh Kanksa Dihibeta (21) NA NA NA Running NA Shibpur, Durgapur-12 358. Brick Earth BANTI Sahajit Ghosh S/O Sudan Kanksa Gourkella (27) NA NA NA Closed NA Vill. & P.O. Illambazar 359. Brick Earth HARD Partha Chatterjee s/o.Biman Kanksa Kajladihi (26) NA NA NA Running NA PLUS B-6 Meghmallar Sarani , Durgapur-713212 360. Brick Earth PADMA Haladhar Das, S/O Gopal Kanksa Kajladihi (26) NA NA NA Running NA chandra Vill. Kajladihi, P.S. Kanksa 361. Brick Earth HARD Purna Chandra Majhi, S/O Kanksa Kajladihi (26) NA NA NA Running NA Sudhamoy Vill. Kajladihi, P.O. Shibpur, P.S. Kanksa 362. Brick Earth PAMPA Mira Sen, W/O Uttam Kr. Sen Kanksa Kajladihi (26) NA 2.27 NA Running NA Vill. Angadpur, P.O. Durgapur, P.S. Cokeoven PIN 713215 363. Brick Earth MIRA+ Abdul Rasid S/o Azige Kanksa Krishnapur (23) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Jatgoria, P.O. Shibpur DGP-713212 364. Brick Earth SONA Kedar Nandi S/O Kartik Kanksa Krishnapur (23) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Shibpur 365. Brick Earth ARUP Arup Kumar Khan S/o- Kanksa Napara (81) NA NA NA Running NA Manabenda Nath, Vill.- Napara, Birudiha, P.S.- Kanksa

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

366. Brick Earth RUMPA Surajit Konar, S/O Ashok Kanksa Napara (81) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Bazar, Dharala, P.O. Panagarh Bazar, P.S. Budbud, PIN 713148 367. Brick Earth STEEL Dhirendranath Paul, S/O Kanksa Radhanagar (24) NA NA NA Running NA Radharaman Shyampur, Durgapur - 1 368. Brick Earth MAHAL Subhas Chandra Das, S/O Kanksa Rautdihi (25) NA NA NA Running NA Dhirendranath GN42, Aryabatta Sarani, Durgapur 713212 369. Brick Earth BEST Subhendu Sekhar Pan, S/O Kanksa Rautdihi (25) NA NA NA Running NA Sudhir Kr. Vill. Radhanagar, P.S. Kanksa 370. Brick Earth SERA Purba Chatterjee, W/O Kanksa Rautdihi (25) NA NA NA Running NA Kanchan Vill. Jatgoria, P.S. Shibpur, P.S. Kanksa 371. Brick Earth MILAN Motilal Singh Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA 372. Brick Earth STEEL Balai Das Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA 373. Brick Earth HIRA-1 Sk Sabur Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA 374. Brick Earth NEWS Bhupen Dewasi Kanksa Sundipur (04) NA NA NA Closed NA 375. Brick Earth DEUL Sajal Roy Kanksa Routdihi (25) NA NA NA Running NA DURGA 376. Brick Earth BOND Sk Ibrahim Kanksa Radhanagar (24) NA NA NA Running NA 377. Brick Earth ANANTA Durshasan Dhara Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA 378. Brick Earth 5 STAR Bidyut Pal, S/O Uday/Pradip Kanksa Sashipur (08) NA 2 NA Running NA Laha Vill. Sashipur, P.O. Gourbazar, P.S. Kanksa 379. Brick Earth DULAL Hiranmoy Kesh, S/O Dulal Kanksa Sokna (79) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Anandapur, P.O. Nadiha, P.S. Cokeoven, Durgapur- 713218 380. Brick Earth HARD Ananda Ghosh Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA STAR 381. Brick Earth MOTI Swarup Dutta, S/O Shridhar Kanksa Thakurani Bazar NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Shibpur,P.S. (14) Kanksa 382. Brick Earth POWER Bharat Ghosh Kanksa Basudha (35) NA NA NA Running NA 383. Brick Earth HIRA Kartick Roy S/o- Biswanath, Kanksa Bishnupur (44) NA NA NA Running NA Bishnupur, PS- Kanksa 384. Brick Earth DEAR (Loknath Traders) Pandabeswar Banbhal (26) NA NA NA Running NA

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Anil Nandi S/O Saktipada Nandi & Ors. Vill- Bonbahal, P.O. Haripur , Pin No. 713378 385. Brick Earth SAGAR Manik Chandra Pal, S/O Pandabeswar Banbhal (26) NA NA NA Running NA BABU Monohar Pal BRICKS Vill. Bonbahal, P.O. Haripur, P.S. Andal, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713378 386. Brick Earth SMART (Dharamraj Enterprise) Pandabeswar Banbhal (26) NA NA NA Running NA Debraj Bhattacharjee S/O Sristidhar Vill- , P.O.- , P.S. Andal 387. Brick Earth STYLE Susanta Pal, S/O Sunil Pal Pandabeswar Banbhal (26) NA NA NA Running NA BISHNU Ukhra Natun Haattala, TRADERS P.O. Ukhra, P.S. Andal, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713363 388. Brick Earth INDIA Uttam Bauri, S/O Haru Bauri Pandabeswar Chhora (29) NA NA NA Running NA CHIMNI Vill. Chhora, P.O. Bahula, BRICKS P.S. Andal, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman PIN-713322 389. Brick Earth SONA Sadhan Kumar Mukherjee Pandabeswar Chhora (29) NA NA NA Running NA S/O Sudhir Muhherjee Vill- Chhora, P.O.- Behula, Pin No. 713322 390. Brick Earth BRICKS Bipul Pal, S/O Lt. Niranjan Pal Pandabeswar Haripur (24) NA NA NA Running NA FIELD 7&9 Pit Colony, P.O. Haripur, INDIA P.S. Andal, Dist. Paschim CHIMNI Bardhaman, PIN 713378 391. Brick Earth SUN Meraz Hussain S/O/ Manjir & Pandabeswar Haripur (24) NA NA NA Running NA MSB others Vill. Pure Jambad Colliery P.O Bahula, Pin No. 713322 392. Brick Earth MAA Krishna Pal, W/O Biman Pal Pandabeswar Kendrakhottadihi NA NA NA Running NA Vill. Kendra, P.O. (01) Pandabeswar, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, 393. Brick Earth MBK Tapan Pal, S/O Kalipada Pal Pandabeswar Kumardihi (14) NA NA NA Running NA Vill.& P.O. Kumardihi,

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

P.S. Pandabeswar, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713378 394. Brick Earth ROYAL Bhairab Mukherjee, S/O Pandabeswar Kumardihi (14) NA NA NA Running NA Kumud Kumar Mukherjee Vill.&P.O. Kumardihi, P.S. Pandabeswar Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713363 395. Brick Earth GOLD Suparna Bhattacharya Pandabeswar Parascole (38) NA NA NA Running NA D/O Dilip Bhattacharya Vill- Parascole, P.O. Bahula, P.S. Andal, Pin - 713321 396. Brick Earth NBF Gorai/ Kalpana Gorai Pandabeswar Parascole (38) NA NA NA Running NA Vill. & P.O. Dhandadihi, PS- Andal, Paschim Bardhaman 397. Brick Earth FCB Mahammad Ali, S/O Lt. Pandabeswar Sankarpur (28) NA NA NA Running NA ALI Farkan Mahammad CHIMNI Vill. , P.O. BRICKS Nabagram, P.S. Andal, Dist. Paschim Bardhaman, PIN 713363 398. Brick Earth SUN Mithu Mondal Pandabeswar Kendrakhottadihi NA NA NA Running NA (01) 399. Brick Earth HIRA Barun Kanti Ghosh Pandabeswar Kendrakhottadihi NA NA NA Running NA (01) 400. Brick Earth MONI Ajit Badyakar, S/O FatuMudi o Pandabeswar Kendrakhottadihi NA NA NA Running NA Kazi Para, P.O. Shyamla, (01) Chhatrishgonda, P.S. Pandabeswar, Pin No. 713346

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL c) DETA ILS OF PRODUCTION OF SAND AND OTHER MINOR MINERALS DURING LAST 3 YEARS The data regarding production against revenue is furnished below:

Table 35: Details of revenue generated from mineral sector (sand) during last 3 years

FINANCIAL YEAR ROYALTY (Rs.) CESS (Rs.) TOTAL REVENUE

2017 - 18 1,30,66,296 /- 90,46,010 /- 2,21,12,306 /-

2018 - 19 3,24,29,000 /- 30,67,826 /- 3,54,96,826 /-

2019 - 20 4,13,40,157 /- 37,99,815 /- 4,51,39,972 /-

(Source: Office of the Addl. District Magistrate and District Land & Land Reforms Officer, Paschim Bardhaman)

Table 36: Details of revenue generated from minor mineral sectors (other than sand) during last 3 years

FINANCIAL YEAR ROYALTY (Rs.) CESS (Rs.) TOTAL REVENUE

2017 - 18 1,83,29,598 /- 18,75,184 /- 2,02,04,782 /-

2018 - 19 2,75,61,261 /- 32,43,029 /- 3,08,04,290 /-

2019 - 20 4,13,12,615 /- 23,66,668 /- 4,36,79,283 /-

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10. DETAILS OF REVENUE GENERATED FROM MINERAL SECTOR DURING LAST THREE YEARS

Table 37: Details of revenue generated from mineral sector (sand) during last 3 years

FINANCIAL YEAR ROYALTY (Rs.) CESS (Rs.) TOTAL REVENUE

2017 - 18 1,30,66,296 /- 90,46,010 /- 2,21,12,306 /-

2018 - 19 3,24,29,000 /- 30,67,826 /- 3,54,96,826 /-

2019 - 20 4,13,40,157 /- 37,99,815 /- 4,51,39,972 /-

Table 38: Details of revenue generated from minor mineral sectors (other than sand) during last 3 years

FINANCIAL YEAR ROYALTY (Rs.) CESS (Rs.) TOTAL REVENUE

2017 - 18 1,83,29,598 /- 18,75,184 /- 2,02,04,782 /-

2018 - 19 2,75,61,261 /- 32,43,029 /- 3,08,04,290 /-

2019 - 20 4,13,12,615 /- 23,66,668 /- 4,36,79,283 /-

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11. TRANSPORT (RAILWAYS, ROAD) Active transport system is important since it facilitates communication, trade and other forms of exchange between individuals that in turn establishes civilizations. Conveyance plays an imperative part in economic development and globalization and from this point of view Paschim Bardhaman district is well connected with other cities and towns of West Bengal and neighborhood states by road and rail.  ROAD  Road density of Paschim Bardhaman: Road density is the ratio of total road lengths of a region to its total geographical area where road length is represented as per square kilometre of that particular area. Higher road density value indicates better the road web and lower road density indicates lesser value. Entire Paschim Bardhaman is covered with road networks and the maximum concentration and the road transport is adequate in terms of bus availability and goods flow. NH 18 (NH 32) connects this district with , Bokaro, and Dhanbad. National Highway 60A connects Paschim Bardhaman with State Highway 9 at Bankura and subsequently to NH 2 at Durgapur with high road density. Currently, Highway 5 also plays an important role in district’s transport network as it connects the towns like Raghunathpur, Adra, and Neturia to NH 2 at and Asansol. Paschim Bardhaman has excellent road connectivity with Raniganj-Asansol industrial belt. State Transport Corporation runs 4 buses from Paschim Bardhaman to Kolkata via State Highway 5 thus connecting towns and cities like Raghunathpur, Adra, Neturia to the industrial belt of Asansol, Raniganj, Durgapur and Bardhaman. There are also many private bus operators on this route.  TRAIN The transportation via train is another important conveyance medium of Paschim Bardhaman. Factually, Narayankuri ghat, on the bank of river Damodar, was used by Carr Tagore & Company for transporting coal to Kolkata by boat in the middle of the nineteenth century (Asansol, Rail India; 2017). Fluctuating water levels of the rain-fed river Damodar created problems for transportation and hindered business flow. Therefore, in order to capture the profitable coal transport business, East Indian Railway laid lines up to Raniganj in the year of 1855 (Asansol, Rail India; 2017). As a result of that, it captured the complete coal transport business. Afterward, the line was extended to Asansol in 1863 (Asansol, Rail India; 2017). Currently, Asansol Division of Eastern Railway handles around 1,300 wagons of coal every day. The Howrah-Delhi main line via Asansol and of East Indian Railway was made operable in 1871 and the from Sitarampur to Mughalsarai was completed in 1901, shortening the travel distance between Howrah and Delhi. Bengal Nagpur Railway linked its operations in the Nagpur-Chandil sector to Asansol in 1887. With all these links Asansol emerged as a major railway junction. Asansol has an electric loco shed and an EMU shed. There is a diesel loco shed at Andal and Andal also has a large goods yard, apart from those at Sitrampur and Barakar (The Chronology of Railway development in Eastern Indian, 2017). Presently the district is functioned by three numbers of rail networks provided by the South Eastern Railways. One line tracks from Jharkhand in the South through the district up to Asansol passing through Adra division. Another line goes between Bankura and Dhanbad also via the Adra Division and the third The Railway Divisional Headquarter Adra railway division, which is one of the major rail divisions of South Eastern Railway, is situated on the North - East part of Paschim Bardhaman district (www.wikipedia.org).

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 AIR The nearest international airport is Netaji International Airport at in Kolkata. Domestic airport that serves the city is Kazi Nazrul Airport. The airport is located in Andal and is roughly 15 km from Durgapur City Centre. It is around 25 km away from the Asansol City Bus Terminus and there is also a private airport located at Riverside Area. At present this Airport is operated by IISCO. Recently Airport Authority of India gave nod to start commercial flights for six routes in West Bengal; Burnpur Airport being one of them is hopeful to receive its first commercial flight by the last quarter of 2019.

Map. No. 16 TRANSPORT NETWORK MAP OF THE DISTRICT

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12. SUMMARY

The purpose of District Survey report (DSR) is "Identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area". The District Survey report (DSR) will contain mainly data published and endorsed by various departments and websites about Geology of the area, Mineral wealth details of rivers, Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining and revenue of minerals. This report also contains details of forest, rivers, soil, agriculture, road, transportation and climate etc. The main minor mineral of the district i.e., sand will be replenished annually and available for excavation in the next post- monsoon season. Additional areas may be further assessed on the basis of various ecological, environmental, social considerations. It can be further studied as potential area for mining and revenue generation. There is a gap of feeling which might be attributed to the factors of immediate benefit as the very question of subsistence comes in. Exploitation and not extinction should be the way of life. The signs of danger, are apparent when we see erosion of soils due to indiscriminate felling of trees. There is uneven rainfall. It carries sands which turn into deposits causing heavy damage to fertile lands which are going to be scarce particularly when the population is increasing rapidly in geometrical progression. Further, to assess the minor mineral resources other than sand a thorough and detailed exploration should be carried out. Regarding, sand mining a proper replenishment study pertaining to pre-monsoon and post monsoon data is certainly on the cards

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13. REFERENCE CITED 1) "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 17 April 2017. 2) "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan". Table 2.2, 2.4(a). Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 12 March 2019. 3) ^ "The Chronology of Railway development in Eastern Indian". railindia. Archived from the original on 2008- 03-16. Retrieved 19 April 2017. 4) 2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". West Bengal – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 16 April 2017. 5) Agriculture Contingency Plan for the district of : Bardhaman 6) Asansol". railindia. Archived from the original on 2017-05-07. Retrieved 9 February 2017. 7) Chatterjee, S., & Scotese, C. R. (1999). The breakup of Gondwana and the evolution and biogeography of the Indian plate. Proceedings-Indian national science academy part A, 65(3), 397-426. 8) Disaster Management Plan, 2018, Purba Bardhaman Mukherjee, K., (2017). Trend Analysis Of Rainfall In The Districts Of West Bengal, India A Study For The Last Century. Journal of Engineering Computers & Applied Sciences (JECAS), Volume 6. 9) District Industrial Profile, 2017-18, Paschim Bardhaman, Ministry of MSME, Govt. Of India 10) Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Bardhaman in West Bengal (Environmental Consultant- Vimta Labs Limited) 11) Geology, Geomorphology and Seismotectonics of Bengal Basin with special emphasis on Kolkata and its adjoining region‖. (http://wbdmd.gov.in/writereaddata/chapter-2A.pdf) 12) Ghosh, S., Bid, S., & Mondal, C. Impact of Dam–A Micro Level Study on Salanpur Block of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal. 13) Government of India Ministry of Mines Indian Bureau of Mines. Indian Minerals Year book 2015 (Part- I), STATE REVIEWS (West Bengal). 14) Government of India Ministry of Mines. (July, 2017). ―Indian Minerals Year book 2015. ‖. Jaiswal, S. K. S. (2013). Mining Plan for Basalt Stone Mine. 15) Ground Water Year Book of West Bengal & Andaman & (2013-2014). 16) Hazra, Niladri. (2016). First record of common Indian Treefrog, Polypedates maculatus (Gray) (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Burdwan, West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY STUDIES. 231. 231-234. 17) https://www.nativeplanet.com/bardhaman/ 18) Indian Mineral Year Book – 2015 19) Indian Minerals Year book 2015 (Part I); 54th Edition State Reviews (West Bengal); (Final release) Government of India, Ministry of Mines, Indian Bureau of Mines, www.ibm.nic.in 20) Mukherjee, A. S. I. S., & Banerjee, S. (2009). Rainfall and temperature trend analysis in the red and lateritic zone of West Bengal. Journal of Agrometeorology, 11(2), 196-200. 21) Mukherjee, K.(2017): “Trend Analysis Of Rainfall In The Districts Of West Bengal, India A Study For The Last Century” Journal of Engineering Computers & Applied Sciences(JECAS)Volume 6, No.1,ISSN No: 2319-5606 22) Roy, J. (2019): THE GEOLOGICAL CHARECTERISTICS OF THE WESTERN PART OF BARDHAMAN DISTRICT. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, Volume 6, Issue 2, 955i- 958i 23) ও , আজ জ আ " (in Bengali). ABP Ananda, 7 April 2017. 2017-04-07. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

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ANNEXURE: II EXISTING SAND BLOCKS MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

EXISTING SAND BLOCK MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL: DAMODAR RIVER PART

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EXISTING SAND BLOCK MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL: AJAY RIVER PART – 1

PART - 2

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PART – 3

PART- 4

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PART – 5

PART – 6

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PART – 7

PART – 8

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PART – 9

PART – 10

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PART – 11

PART – 12

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ANNEXURE: III PROPOSED PROMISING SAND BLOCK MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT PROPOSED PROMISING SAND BLOCK MAP OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT AJAY RIVER PART – 1

PART – 2

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PART 3

PART 4

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PART 5

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ANNEXURE: IV FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS

PHOTOGRAPH. 1 RIVERBED SAND DEPOSITS IN AJAY RIVER AT CHURUBELI OF PASCHIM BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

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PHOTOGRAPH. 2 THICK SAND DEPOSIT ON BANK OF RIVER AJAY NEAR BARABANI BLOCK, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN

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PHOTOGRAPH. 3 PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING FIELD WORK, MEASUREMENT OF SAND THICKNESS ON THE BANK OF RIVER AJAY NEAR JAMURIA BLOCK, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN.

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PHOTOGRAPH. 4: SHOWING GRAVELS AT FARIDPUR BLOCK NEAR DURGAPUR, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN

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PHOTOGRAPH. 5 EXPOSURE OF MURRAM AT FARIDPUR BLOCK, PASCHIM BARDHAMAN

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