Google Matrix of the Citation Network of Physical Review
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Us Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942-1964
DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S. -
Google Matrix of the Citation Network of Physical Review
Google matrix of the citation network of Physical Review Klaus M. Frahm,1 Young-Ho Eom,1 and Dima L. Shepelyansky1 1Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique du CNRS, IRSAMC, Universit´ede Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France (Dated: October 21, 2013) We study the statistical properties of spectrum and eigenstates of the Google matrix of the citation network of Physical Review for the period 1893 - 2009. The main fraction of complex eigenvalues with largest modulus is determined numerically by different methods based on high precision computations with up to p = 16384 binary digits that allows to resolve hard numerical problems for small eigenvalues. The nearly nilpotent matrix structure allows to obtain a semi- analytical computation of eigenvalues. We find that the spectrum is characterized by the fractal Weyl law with a fractal dimension df 1. It is found that the majority of eigenvectors are located in a localized phase. The statistical≈ distribution of articles in the PageRank-CheiRank plane is established providing a better understanding of information flows on the network. The concept of ImpactRank is proposed to determine an influence domain of a given article. We also discuss the properties of random matrix models of Perron-Frobenius operators. PACS numbers: 89.75.Hc, 89.20.Hh, 89.75.Fb I. INTRODUCTION The damping parameter α in the WWW context de- scribes the probability (1 α) to jump to any node for − The development of Internet led to emergence of vari- a random surfer. For WWW the Google search engine uses α 0.85 [4]. The PageRank vector P is the right ous types of complex directed networks created by mod- ≈ i ern society. -
From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza
From Cast Lead to Protective Edge Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1888 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9787-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise): Nir Elias/Reuters; Amir Cohen/Reuters; Abu Mustafa/Reuters; Tsafrir Abayov/AP Photo Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report examines the Israel Defense Forces operations in Gaza from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 through Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014. -
Saudi-Iranian Relations Since the Fall of Saddam
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Saudi-Iranian Relations Since the Fall of Saddam Rivalry, Cooperation, and Implications for U.S. -
The Philippines' Moro Conflict: the Problems and Prospects In
THE PHILIPPINES’ MORO CONFLICT: THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE QUEST FOR A SUSTAINABLE PEACE A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Mary Beatrice Hernandez, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April 14, 2017 THE PHILIPPINES’ MORO CONFLICT: THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE QUEST FOR A SUSTAINABLE PEACE Mary Beatrice Hernandez, B.A. MALS Mentor: Joseph P. Smaldone, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The Moro conflict is a multifaceted, highly complex matter, emanating from centuries of profound societal fragmentation and divisions. In the decades since the conflict began, the Philippine government—with aid from international mediators, civil society, and non-governmental organizations—has drafted and reached various accords with Moro non-state armed groups, namely the Moro National Liberation Front and Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Negotiations, while broadly unsuccessful in achieving long-term peace, have at least been able to shift the insurgent groups’ demands from secession to increased autonomy within the Philippine state. Nevertheless, the violent, extremely protracted conflict remains at an impasse. Many feel that the prospects for peace are dwindling by the minute as the conflict continues to devastate the Mindanao region. For the Moro people, the conflict is representative of their ongoing effort to recover their sovereignty, an objective that the liberation fronts -
Number 13-01 COLONIAL ORIGINS of MAOIST INSURGENCY in INDIA
- 1 - CASI WORKING PAPER SERIES Number 13-01 01/2013 COLONIAL ORIGINS OF MAOIST INSURGENCY IN INDIA: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF INDIRECT RULE SHIVAJI MUKHERJEE Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Political Science Yale University [email protected] *Please email before citing* CENTER FOR THE ADVANCED STUDY OF INDIA University of Pennsylvania 3600 Market Street, Suite 560 Philadelphia, PA 19104 http://casi.ssc.upenn.edu/index.htm © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI CENTER FOR THE ADVANCED STUDY OF INDIA © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI - 2 - Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Rikhil Bhavnani, Edwin Camp, Mario Chacon, Kanchan Chandra, Nandini Deo, Thad Dunning, Nikhar Gaikwad, Ronald Herring, Nancy Hite, Lakshmi Iyer, Devesh Kapur, Matthew Lange, Janet Lewis, Jason Lyall, Sanjay Ruparelia, Niloufer Siddiqui, Paul Staniland, Kenneth Scheve, Tariq Thachil, Steven Wilkinson, Elisabeth Wood, seminar participants in the Comparative Politics Workshop at Yale University, and participants in panels in the Annual Conference on South Asia, Wisconsin Madison (2011, 2012) for their comments and valuable suggestions. Errors remain my own. © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI - 3 - 1. Introduction In this dissertation I try to answer the puzzle of why the Maoist insurgency in India, which is considered to be the most important internal security threat to the world’s largest democracy, occurs in certain districts in India and not others. To restate the puzzle described in the Introduction Chapter, why did the insurgency emerge -
Israel's War in Gaza Benjamin S. Lambeth
Israel’s War in Gaza Israel’s War in Gaza Benjamin S. Lambeth A Paradigm of Effective Military Learning and Adaptation Assessing major com- bat experiences to help rectify errors made in the planning and conduct of op- erations has enjoyed a long and well-established tradition in the ªelds of military history and security studies.1 In particular, since Operation Desert Storm against Saddam Hussein’s Iraq by U.S. and coalition forces in 1991, the pursuit of “lessons learned” from major combat has been a virtual cottage in- dustry within the defense establishments of the United States and its principal allies around the world.2 Benjamin S. Lambeth is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. A civil- rated pilot with ºight experience in more than three dozen types of combat aircraft worldwide, including with the Israeli Air Force, he serves on the Board of Visitors of Air University and is the author of The Transformation of American Air Power (Cornell University Press, 2000). This article builds on Benjamin S. Lambeth, Air Operations against Hezbollah: Learning from Lebanon and Getting It Right in Gaza (RAND Corporation, 2011). For their assistance and support in making possible the interviews with senior Israeli military of- ªcials on which much of this article is based, the author is grateful to former U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Michael Moseley, former Israeli defense and air attachés to the United States Maj. Gen. Don Har’el and Brig. Gen. Shmaya Avieli, and successive former commanders of the Israeli Air Force Maj. -
In the Aftermath of Operation Pillar of Defense the Gaza Strip, November 2012 Shlomo Brom, Editor
In the Aftermath of Operation Pillar of Defense The Gaza Strip, November 2012 Shlomo Brom, Editor Memorandum 124 המכון למחקרי ביטחון לאומי THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE bd CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES In the Aftermath of Operation Pillar of Defense The Gaza Strip, November 2012 Shlomo Brom, Editor Institute for National Security Studies THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE b d TheCENTER FOR STRA InstituteTEGIC STUDIES for National Security Studies (INSS), incorporating the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, was founded in 2006. The purpose of the Institute for National Security Studies is first, to conduct basic research that meets the highest academic standards on matters related to Israel’s national security as well as Middle East regional and international security affairs. Second, the Institute aims to contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are – or should be – at the top of Israel’s national security agenda. INSS seeks to address Israeli decision makers and policymakers, the defense establishment, public opinion makers, the academic community in Israel and abroad, and the general public. INSS publishes research that it deems worthy of public attention, while it maintains a strict policy of non-partisanship. The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors’ alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its trustees, boards, research staff, or the organization and individuals that support its -
Vietnam: Order of Battle by Shell. Stanton
Vietnam: Order Of Battle By ShelL. Stanton Nowadays, it’s difficult to imagine our lives without the Internet as it offers us the easiest way to access the information we are looking for from the comfort of our homes. There is no denial that books are an essential part of life whether you use them for the educational or entertainment purposes. With the help of certain online resources, such as this one, you get an opportunity to download different books and manuals in the most efficient way. Why should you choose to get the books using this site? The answer is quite simple. Firstly, and most importantly, you won’t be able to find such a large selection of different materials anywhere else, including PDF books. Whether you are set on getting an ebook or handbook, the choice is all yours, and there are numerous options for you to select from so that you don’t need to visit another website. Secondly, you will be able to download Vietnam: Order Of Battle pdf in just a few minutes, which means that you can spend your time doing something you enjoy. But, the benefits of our book site don’t end just there because if you want to get a certain by ShelL. Stanton Vietnam: Order Of Battle, you can download it in txt, DjVu, ePub, PDF formats depending on which one is more suitable for your device. As you can see, downloading by ShelL. Stanton Vietnam: Order Of Battle pdf or in any other available formats is not a problem with our reliable resource. -
COW War List
Appendix A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ALL WARS War Type & Year War Name Number 1816 Allied Bombardment of Algiers of 1816 Extra-State War #300 1816 Ottoman-Wahhabi Revolt of 1816-1818 Extra-State War #301 1817 Liberation of Chile of 1817-1818 Extra-State War #302 1817 First Bolivar Expedition of 1817-1819 Extra-State War #303 1817 War of Mexican Independence of 1817-1818 Extra-State War #304 1817 British-Kandyan War of 1817-1818 Extra-State War #305 1817 British-Maratha of 1817-1818 Extra-State War #306 1818 First Maori Tribal War of 1818-1824 Non-State War #1500 1818 First Caucasus War of 1818-1822 Intra-State War #500 1819 Shaka Zulu-Bantu War of 1819-1828 Non-State War #1501 1819 Burma-Assam War of 1819-1822 Non-State War #1502 1820 Buenos Aires War of 1820 Non-State War #1503 1820 Sidon-Damascus War of 1820-1821 Intra-State War #501 1820 First Two Sicilies War of 1820-1821 Intra-State War #502 1820 Ottoman Conquest of Sudan of 1820-1821 Extra-State War #307 1821 Sardinian Revolt of 1821 Intra-State War #505 1821 Greek Independence War of 1821-1828 Intra-State War #506 1821 Second Bolívar Expedition of 1821-1822 Extra-State War #308 1821 Turco-Persian War of 1821-1823 Extra-State War #309 1821 Second Maori Tribal War of 1821-1823 Non-State War #1505 1821 Siam-Kedah War of 1821 Non-State War #1506 1821 Spanish Royalists War of 1821-1823 Intra-State War #503 1823 Franco-Spanish War of 1823 Inter-State War #1 1823 First British-Burmese War of 1823-1826 Extra-State War #310 1824 First British-Ashanti War of 1824-1826 Extra-State War #311 1824 -
Terror in the Sinai
TERROR IN THE SINAI EMILY DYER | OREN KESSLER Foreword by Mohannad Sabry Published in 2014 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society 8th Floor, Parker Tower 43-49 Parker Street London WC2B 5PS Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society 2014 The Henry Jackson Society All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees Terror in the Sinai By Emily Dyer and Oren Kessler ISBN 978-1-909035-14-0 £15.00 where sold All rights reserved Front Cover Image: Looking north along Egypt-Israel border north of Eilat, by Wilson44691 (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons TERROR IN THE SINAI EMILY DYER | OREN KESSLER with research assistance by Kit Waterman and Samuel James Abbott Foreword by Mohannad Sabry Terror in the Sinai The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society is a cross-partisan think-tank based in London. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a strong British, European, and American commitment towards freedom; liberty; constitutional democracy; human rights; governmental and institutional reform; and a robust foreign, security, and defence policy and transatlantic alliance. The Henry Jackson Society is a company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales under company number 07465741, and a charity registered in England and Wales under registered charity number 1140489. For more information about The Henry Jackson Society activities; our research programme; and public events, please see: www.henryjacksonsociety.org.